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TES ris and Ann Bowers C S AAPPENDIIX A: WOORK PRODDUCT SAMMPLES CAPCOA Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures: A Resource for Local government to Assess Emission Reductions from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures http://www.capcoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/CAPCOA-Quantification-Report-9-14-Final.pdf Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Analysis Tool, prepared for: Department of Commerce State of Washington http://www.commerce.wa.gov/Documents/GMS-Climate-Greehouse-Gas-Tool-Assess.pdf 0% 1% 1% Network Expansion Service Frequency/ Speed Access Improvements Private/Employer Shuttle Intercept Lot percentage increase of transit network coverage percent existing transit mode share (as a % of total daily trips) percentage reduction in headways (increase in frequency) percent existing transit mode share (as a % of total daily trips) Network Expansion Service Frequency/ Speed Access Improvement 25 5 40 5 <50% of lines (within project) improved * * * Transit System Improvements Aspen Private/ Employer Shuttle Intercept Lot Category Reduction = 1.1% Project Location Development Type Major B Outside of Roundabout 0.6% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.6% This page is intentionally left blank. 2015 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE i CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 The contents of this guide are offered as guidance only. The Brendle Group, Inc. and all sources referenced in this guide do not (a) make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this guide, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this guide may not infringe on privately owned rights; (b) assume any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this guide. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by The Brendle Group, Inc. ii CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This guide was prepared by Brendle Group, Inc. on behalf of the National Ski Areas Association (NSAA). We would like to thank the following all of the ski areas that participated in the Climate Challenge last year as well as the following organizations. iii CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................... III 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 WHY THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 GETTING STARTED ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 HOW THE CHALLENGE WORKS ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.0 REQUIRED ELEMENTS: INVENTORY – TARGET – REDUCE –ADVOCATE - REPORT…………………………..………………………7 2.1 BUILD YOUR INVENTORY ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 SET A REDUCTION TARGET ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3 REDUCE YOUR EMISSIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 2.4 REPORT YOUR PROGRESS ............................................................................................................................................................ 26 2.5 ADVOCATE ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 3.0 ENCOURAGED ELEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 4.0 BEYOND THE CHALLENGE: REAPING THE REWARDS, TAKING ACTION .................................................................................. 29 1 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 1.0 INTRODUCTION Congratulations for your decision to sign up or return to the Climate Challenge. The Climate Challenge is a voluntary program and friendly competition designed to give recognition to ski areas that are committed to developing greenhouse gas inventories, setting goals for carbon reduction, implementing at least one reduction strategy per year, advocating for climate legislation and reporting success in reducing their overall carbon footprint. Ski areas are in a unique position - vulnerable to climate change, yet with high visibility to demonstrate by example and communicate solutions to millions of visitors annually. Initiatives such as NSAA’s Keep Winter Cool initiative and CLIF Bar’s “Save our Snow” winter road trip reflect the industry’s response to both this vulnerability and visibility. As a participant in this fifth year of the Climate Challenge, your ski area’s efforts will not only result in measurable, quantifiable results and benefits, they will also help take the industry and NSAA’s Sustainable Slopes program to the next level in addressing the challenges of climate change. Ski areas participating in the Climate Challenge acknowledge the opportunity to recognize and reduce their own contributions to climate change in a transparent, credible way. Challengers will also make tangible progress to reduce greenhouse gas emissions each year for the benefit of skiers and riders, ski areas, resort communities and our planet. Introduction 2 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 1.1 WHY THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE The consequences of climate change to the ski industry require continued leadership and bold steps throughout the industry. Many people working in the ski industry already realize that proactive environmental management is ultimately more cost-effective than compliance-based environmental management. What’s more, the visibility of the ski industry to millions of skiers and boarders every year provides a tremendous opportunity to lead by example. As a participant in 2015, the fifth year of the Challenge, your role is even more valuable to demonstrate success and build momentum for future years. To this end, the goals of the Climate Challenge involve raising the bar for ski areas over the long term in ways that are effective, transparent and well recognized both within and outside of the industry. GOALS OF THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE • Higher standard: The program will raise the standard for ski areas wishing to take their sustainability performance to the next level. • Long-term: The program will be multi-year, seeking to compound the benefits of actions taken by participants over many years and to grow the number of participants from year to year. • Cost-efficient: The program will leverage the investment of participants and sponsorships to deliver more value to participants than their individual investments. • Credible: Quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, targets, and reduction measures will be developed in alignment with a credible protocol, using boundaries consistent with industry approaches. • Transparent: The approach taken by the program will be transparent for participating ski areas and the public. • Fair: The program will be fair, facilitating participation for ski areas of all sizes, regions, and focuses. • Simple: The program will provide participating ski areas with guidance and templates to make participation as simple as possible. • Well-recognized: The program will provide recognition for participating ski areas and for high performance. 3 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 This Guide is intended to serve as a road map for your ski area’s participation in the Climate Challenge. It outlines how the Challenge will work, describes the five main program elements - inventory, target, reduce, advocate and report - and offers guidance for decision making and encourages other activities that can help reduce your ski area’s carbon emissions. You will also learn more about the benefits of being a Challenge participant. The latest research cited by the Carbon Disclosure Project indicates that, all other factors being equal, the greater a company’s greenhouse gas emissions, the lower its stock value. - “The Relevance to Investors of Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosures,” University of California Davis Graduate School of Management LEANING FORWARD IN A FAST CHANGING WORLD: THE SKI INDUSTRY IS NOT ALONE “Pepsico Dropping RECs in Favor of $30M in On-Site Generation” “Sony Sets Goal of Zero Environmental Footprint by 2050” “Google Data Centers Aim for 100% Water Recycling” “Intel Declares Sustainability a Fiduciary Duty” “Green Building Projects Thrive Despite Recession” “One-fifth of Renewable Energy Adopters See ROI of 15% or Better” “Shareholder Climate Resolutions up 40%” 4 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 1.2 GETTING STARTED By now, you have already have signed up to take the Climate Challenge. As a quick recap, to participate in the Climate Challenge ski areas must fill out an application and meet a few basic eligibility criteria: • Be a Sustainable Slopes endorsing ski area • Commit to complete a greenhouse gas inventory • Commit to setting a target for greenhouse gas reduction • Be willing to implement a new program or project onsite annually to meet that reduction target • Commit to endorsing a minimum of two advocacy letters circulated by the ski area, NSAA or other organizations, and send direct correspondence to your congressional delegation • Commit $2,000 to cover program and technical support costs for the first year of participation, with up to a $200 annual maintenance cost for following years You will be asked to re-enroll each subsequent year so that you can report on the year’s inventory and progress toward your reduction target. On the basis of participant reporting, NSAA will provide awards and recognition to Challenge participants in May of each year at the annual conference. NSAA will also publish results in its annual environmental report. 5 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 1.3 HOW THE CHALLENGE WORKS After your ski area has signed up for the Challenge, you will be invited to participate in an introductory orientation and training session with other participating areas. You will be trained on how to use the Challenge’s Inventory and Reporting Template, an Excel-based template that will help you compile data for your greenhouse gas inventory, set a reduction target, document options for annual projects to reduce emissions and report results. Once your ski area is enrolled in the Challenge and you have participated in season kickoff activities, you will develop an inventory of your ski area’s emissions for the current year (2015 – fiscal or calendar), set a reduction target and implement one reduction project in 2015. Between January and May 2015 your ski area will then report on its progress. To help with technical issues, email and phone support will be provided throughout the Challenge. In addition, to encourage more group learning, topic-based seminars will be hosted during the Challenge. These seminars will be coordinated with an e-newsletter to provide tips and resources for Challengers, and also news and other pertinent information. '15 March 2015 April 2015 Summer 2015 October 2015 March 2015 April 2015 '16 2015 Challengers Finish Reporting 2015 Challengers Begin Reporting 2014 Challengers Finish Reporting 2014 Challengers Begin Reporting Enrollment 4/1/15 – 5/15/15 Inventory for 2015, Target and Reduce Enrollment 4/1/15 – 5/15/16 May 2015 Enrollment for 2015 Season Ends Season Kickoff & Orientation Nov ‘15 - March ‘16 Seminars for Learning 6 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 Challenge Technical Support Throughout the Challenge you may receive technical support by contacting: Patrick Flynn Brendle Group pflynn@brendlegroup.com 970.207.0058 OPTIONAL: VERIFICATION, CERITIFICATION, DISCLOSURE The Climate Challenge provides ski areas with a greenhouse gas inventory developed in alignment with an accepted protocol and reviewed for consistency with industry norms and a method for disclosing those emissions along with a target and reduction efforts. Should a ski area wish to pursue verification, certification, or additional disclosure of their emissions, the Climate Challenge will form a good foundation for additional efforts. Some other opportunities in carbon verification, certification and disclosure include the Carbon Disclosure Project (www.cdproject.net) and The Climate Registry (www.theclimateregistry.org). Grand Targhee is a founding reporter of The Climate Registry, a voluntary greenhouse gas inventory registration program. 7 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 2.0 REQUIRED ELEMENTS: INVENTORY – TARGET – REDUCE – ADVOCATE - REPORT This section of the Guide will walk you through the five elements in the Challenge process – inventory, target, reduce, advocate, and report. With references to the Inventory and Reporting Template, you will learn more about the major components of these steps and guidance for how to complete them. 2.1 BUILD YOUR INVENTORY The first step in the Challenge process is to compile a greenhouse gas inventory for your area’s operations. This will include picking a baseline year for the inventory, collecting the necessary data to complete the inventory and entering your data into the Inventory and Reporting Template. A greenhouse gas inventory will help you understand your resort’s overall contributions to emissions as well as set a baseline from which you can measure progress in reducing emissions from year to year. The inventory will also be useful in setting a target for reducing impacts on climate change, for prioritizing opportunities to reduce emissions and for tracking the aggregated impacts of your efforts. Challenge Elements 8 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 The Inventory- Getting Started Greenhouse gas inventories are typically organized and categorized by the sources of the emissions. Your initial greenhouse gas inventory will include a simple inventory of “direct” emissions – those that happen directly on your ski area such as the use of natural gas or propane for heating or diesel to run grooming equipment. It will also include “indirect energy” emissions, principally the emissions associated with electricity you purchase that’s generated from a power plant away from your ski area. Collectively, in the language of greenhouse gas inventories these are called “Scope 1” and “Scope 2” emissions. These are required inputs in your greenhouse gas inventory for the Climate Challenge. EXAMPLES: SCOPE 1 AND 2 EMISSION SOURCES Scope 1: natural gas, propane, fuel oil for buildings and diesel, gasoline for fleets Scope 2: purchased electricity for snowmaking, lifts and lodges 9 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 You will also have the option of inventorying certain other emissions that are considered even more indirect but that your ski area may still want to measure and target for reductions. These “Scope 3” emissions can include elements such as solid waste, travel of skiers to and from the mountain, employee commuting, business airline travel, or the greenhouse gases embodied in the goods your purchase to operate the resort. The carbon dioxide emissions from combustion of biomass such as wood and biodiesel are reported separately from the rest of the inventory as biogenic emission sources. This is done because this carbon is from a different source than fossil fuels and is accounted for differently in inventories. A 2010 NSAA survey showed that only 10% of responding ski areas had completed a greenhouse gas inventory – though 80% were very interested in addressing climate GREENHOUSE GASES: THE “BIG SIX” - Carbon dioxide - Methane - Nitrous dioxide - Hydrofluorocarbons - Perfluorocarbons - Sulfur hexafluoride In your inventory, these will all be converted to a “carbon dioxide equivalent” to provide a common language and unit of measure. 10 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 The Inventory, Target, Reduce Template Figure 1. Global Warming Potential To facilitate the inventory process, your ski area will be provided a Microsoft Excel-based Inventory and Reporting Template developed specifically for the Climate Challenge that is based on The Climate Registry’s General Reporting Protocol (GRP) (www.theclimateregistry.org/downloads/GRP.pdf), one of a handful of widely accepted inventory methodologies. THE LANGUAGE OF CARBON Carbon Dioxide (CO2): The major heat-trapping gas whose concentration is being increased by human activities. It also serves as the yardstick for all other greenhouse gases. The major source of CO2 emissions is fossil fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide emissions also result from clearing forests and burning biomass. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have been increasing at a rate of about 0.5 percent a year, and are now more than 30 percent above pre-industrial levels. CO2e: Carbon dioxide equivalent, a measure that is used to express the concentration of all heat trapping gases in terms of CO2. MTCO2e: A metric ton of CO2 equivalent, a metric ton is equivalent to 1.102 short tons or 2,204 pounds. 11 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 Such methodologies provide guidance on establishing boundaries, collecting data, and calculating emissions from many potential sources. The Template includes an optional data collection plan that can help you define data boundaries (both geographic and time-based) and identify sources and contacts for collecting data, such as electricity and natural gas use, and fuel use and purchases. The Template also includes instructions for entering collected data to develop the inventory. Once the data are entered, the template generates a summary of results for reporting. Because the Template was developed for the ski industry, it includes Scope 1 and 2 (direct and indirect) emission sources that are under operational control of ski areas. In addition, it includes a menu of Scope 3 emission sources so that your ski area can elect to include any for which they have available data, such as solid waste, skier travel, or business travel. When you submit the Template to the Climate Challenge, the inventory, target, and reduce sections of the Template will be reviewed for consistency with industry norms and with returning member’s past inventories. These norms are based metrics the Climate Challenge developed in collaboration with participants. These metrics are based on: • Total ski area acreage • Total acres of maintained or groomed trails • Total acres with snowmaking equipment • Total # of day open in the winter • Open or closed in the summer • Skier visits (when appropriate) 12 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 Climate Challenge Introduction Worksheet The Climate Challenge Introduction worksheet provides some background documentation on using the Template and navigation buttons that allow Challengers to move directly to template tabs from the introduction. Throughout the Template, worksheets (or tabs) and cells highlighted in green are required while blue highlights are optional. Specific examples within each tab are highlighted in grey. This worksheet provides a general overview of the Template’s tabs and outlines which are required for documentation and which are optional. Screenshot 1. Climate Introduction Worksheet 13 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 Ski Area Information Worksheet The Ski Area Information worksheet is used for you to document the ski area’s background information. This worksheet requires you to document who is filling out the Template and to select a reporting period. The GRP, the protocol guiding the Challenge, requires a calendar year reporting period but the Climate Challenge recognizes that this can be a significant issue for participants with existing practices and data that are on a fiscal year. The Challenge allows either calendar or fiscal year reporting. You must work top to bottom and fill in your contact information first to ensure proper functionality. After filling out the contact information, choose your reporting period. If choosing a fiscal year you need to indicate which month your fiscal year begins on. Otherwise, move to the next box and choose how frequently you want to report your data. After making those decisions you must indicate which years you wish to serve as your baseline and target years. These choices will automatically populate throughout the rest of the template and are required for the template to function. You will also be asked on this worksheet to certify that the information you’re reporting in this Template for the inventory, target, and reduce aspects of the challenge are factual and accurate to the best of your knowledge. The credibility of the Challenge depends on the complete and accurate reporting of the Challengers. It is very important that you complete all parts of this worksheet before moving on. Screenshot 2. Ski Area Profile Data Input 14 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 Data Collection Plan Worksheet The Data Collection Plan worksheet is used to identify your ski area’s emission sources and document the sources of data on those emissions. This documentation can be useful in saving you time, both now and when you conduct future inventories. It can also increase continuity through staff changes internally and at your utility providers. Ski areas participating in the Challenge will include all emission sources within their operational control in their inventories. Operational control means that ski area employees are responsible for operating policies and/or day-to-day operational decisions (e.g. turning on/off lights). This boundary includes property or equipment leased and operated by the ski area (e.g. leased vehicles). It does not include property or equipment leased out by the ski area and under the operational control of another entity. Data collected for the inventory will include a full year, 12 months of billing or other records, for the calendar or fiscal year as selected by you. Between different emission sources, try to use the same 12 months of data to the greatest extent possible. The Data Collection Plan worksheet describes emission sources and the data you will need to document each source. It has fields to record the internal contact at your ski area, and the external organization and contact information for each source of emissions related data. COMMON EMISSION SOURCES AND CORRESPONDING DATA • Electricity – monthly utility bills • Natural gas, propane, fuel oil – monthly utility bills • Diesel, gasoline, other fuels – monthly provider records or invoices • Off-site fuel purchases – monthly fuel card or credit card records • Reimbursed vehicle miles – accounting department records 15 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2015 Exercise: Do you have the data you will need for an inventory? Data Collecting already? Source Other Comments Monthly bills from your electric utility Monthly bills for natural gas, propane and/or fuel oil purchases Annual fleet fuel (e.g. diesel, gasoline) purchase or consumption records 15 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 Unfortunately, data doesn’t always come to us as complete and error-free as we would like. Keep an eye out for missing data or records that seem unusual (such as unusually high or low energy consumption). Inventory Data Input The Inventory Data Input worksheet is the main driver of the GHG inventory process. The first step is to select the region in the country where your ski area is located. This will identify the appropriate electricity resource mix that serves your area so that the GHG emissions from electricity consumption can be calculated. You can also enter your own emissions factor if your local utility provides it. Next identify which major ski area operations are included in your inventory and provide some general information about your ski area. Screenshot 3: Inventory Data Input TRACKING UTILITY DATA – SOME LOW COST TEMPLATES There are many online and client-based templates for tracking utility data that can automate utility data tracking, inform your inventory and provide better access to utility data across your organization. EnergyCAP Express is one template that is right-sized for ski areas, available as a web 16 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 Annual Data Input If you selected an annual reporting frequency on the Ski Area Information worksheet the Inventory Data Input worksheet will automatically reflect your choice. Screenshot 4. Annual Data Input Regardless of your reporting frequency the first steps for data reporting will be the same. First, for each emission source at your ski area, select the appropriate type from the dropdown, then provide a description, select the units your data are in, and finally categorize the emission source by operational area. If you’ve used the Data Collection Plan you can refer to that for a list of your emission sources. To the right of your data input you can see the percent change in both use and cost if any previous data were already provided. This can help you make sure that you are meeting any strategic or smaller- scale goals in addition to the overarching goals for the entire resort. Monthly Data Input For participants that do not already track some of the data required for the inventory, selecting a monthly reporting period provides a place to record data throughout the year to make the inventory process easier. Screenshot 5. Monthly Data Collection 17 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 To enable monthly data collection, you must select it as your reporting frequency in the Ski Area Information worksheet. For each data source you would like to track, select the emission source from the drop-down, describe the emission source, select the appropriate units from the drop-down, categorize the operation, and then enter the monthly data as it becomes available. To the right of your data input you can see the percent change in both use and cost if any previous data were already provided. This can help you make sure that you are meeting any strategic or smaller-scale goals in addition to the overarching goals for the entire resort. 18 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 2.2 SET A REDUCTION TARGET The next step is to determine a greenhouse gas reduction target and methods for achieving this target. Committing to quantifiably reducing greenhouse gas emissions from an established baseline in your inventory is both a criterion for participating in the Challenge and a meaningful way to proactively plan for the future. There are a variety of ways to look at reduction targets – from percent reductions over a baseline to absolute tons of greenhouse gas emissions to emissions per square foot of building space. The Challenge’s Inventory and Reporting Template emphasizes percentage reduction as the best approach for ski areas as it is considered a clear and easy to understand unit of measure. The Template, however, will also accommodate customized goals that work best for your ski area. While setting a target can be somewhat of a subjective exercise, it should be informed by the findings of your inventory. Given the largest sources of your emissions, what is a feasible target to achieve? For example, reducing emissions by 50% over one year is for most areas an unrealistic target, while reducing emissions 1% may not be an ambitious target. One way to approach this exercise is to consider both “top down” and “bottom up” perspectives. From a top down perspective, your ski area can consider what target is needed to make a meaningful difference in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This can be informed by evaluating what targets other ski areas might be striving for, how your potential targets align with regional or national targets or other considerations. EXAMPLE SKI AREA GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION TARGETS - Alta: Reduce emissions by 20 percent below 2011 emissions. - Jackson Hole: reduce emissions 10% on a per guest visit basis below 2009 baseline levels. 19 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 From a bottom up perspective, consider what targets are achievable given the sources of your ski area’s greenhouse gas emissions, projected growth, your list of possible reduction strategies, and other factors. Your ultimate target should balance aspiration with what’s achievable. Finally, consider what is an appropriate time frame for your target. Some ski areas and other organizations simply look at year-over-year annual reductions, while others choose to reduce emissions over a particular baseline year by a future target year. Still others set both shorter term interim targets as well as longer term, more ambitious targets. While the Inventory and Reporting Template will guide you through setting a specific target for your ski area’s reductions, keep the following points in mind as you consider your target: S = Specific. Specific targets are more likely to be achieved than general ones. Answer who, what (to be accomplished), where (location, if applicable), and why (specific reasons or purpose of goal). M = Measurable. Establish concrete criteria for measuring progress toward the target. Answer how much, how many, and/or how will I know when it is accomplished? A = Attainable. Set a target within reach in order to garner commitment and to increase the likelihood of success. R = Realistic. The target should fit with the overall strategy and priorities of the organization, and the templates needed to accomplish the target should be available. T= Time-bound. Set a time frame for the target that is measurable, attainable, and realistic (e.g., next year, in 3 years, etc.). Exercise: Setting a Reduction Target As your ski area is deliberating and deciding on a target for reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, discuss the following points: 20 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014  How fast are you growing now, and how fast do you plan to grow? How will this affect your emissions in the future?  Are you already planning any large-scale changes in your energy sources, such as installing more on-site renewable energy?  Have you already conducted energy assessments and completed retrofits in your buildings?  Is your potential target more ambitious, less ambitious or about in line with other peer ski areas, businesses, or greenhouse gas reduction initiatives in your region or state? Some Regional and State GHG Emission Targets You can learn more about state and regional targets from the Pew Center (www.pewclimate.org/states- regions). California: reduce emissions to 2000 levels by 2010, 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. FAST FACT: More than 1,050 local elected leaders have signed the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement from communities across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, representing more than 87 million Americans. This includes ski towns such as Park City, Aspen, Telluride, Crested Butte, Taos, Mammoth Lakes, Sun Valley, Jackson, and others. Map of Local Government Signatories to the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement 21 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 Colorado: reduce emissions 20% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. Montana: reduce emissions to 1990 emission levels by 2020. Vermont: reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2010, 10 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 75-85 percent below 2001 levels in the long term. Washington: reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, 25 percent below 1990 levels by 2035 and 50 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Western Regional Climate Initiative (WCI): reduce regional, economy-wide emissions 15 percent below 2005 levels by 2020, or approximately 33 percent below business-as-usual levels. Northeast Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI): cap emissions at current levels in 2009, and then reduce emissions 10% by 2019. Target Worksheet The Target worksheet provides templates for setting percentage or absolute reduction targets as well as an open-ended input for the ski area to set a reduction target in its own format. This worksheet is required. Screenshot 5. Target Worksheet 22 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 2.3 REDUCE YOUR EMISSIONS In order to make progress toward your reduction target, the Challenge asks your ski area to commit to implementing at least one greenhouse gas reduction project each year. For the 2015 Challenge, this means implementing at least one project during the 2015 season. To identify potential emissions reduction strategies, the Inventory and Reporting Template will help you consider opportunities that will reduce emissions across one or more categories identified in your inventory. Such strategies may include the following: • Increase energy efficiency in buildings by retrofitting lighting or heating equipment or improving the building envelope • Upgrade major energy users, such as lifts and snow making equipment • Switch to more efficient fleet vehicles or identify ways to be more efficient in their use • Reduce your area’s generation of solid waste “What we’ve found is that all of the little things add up—making a dent not only in our carbon footprint but also benefiting us financially.” - Onno Wieringa, General Manager, Alta Ski Area 23 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 • Consider renewable energy options such as solar, wind or small-scale hydroelectric alternatives You may want to consider first those projects that will give the biggest bang for the buck, which are mainly energy efficiency projects with paybacks on investment by increasing efficiency and reducing costs. Accumulated savings can then be re-invested into additional projects, thereby setting in motion progress toward achieving your greenhouse gas reduction target. The Inventory and Reporting Template includes a mechanism for documenting estimated progress toward ski area targets. The Template will also help you document the reductions your ski area has achieved each year to allow for easy reporting of your progress. It is important to keep in mind that outsourcing or divesting emission sources is not allowed as a reduction strategy for those participating in the Challenge. For example, outsourcing a restaurant to a concessionaire during the Challenge will not be considered a reduction in emissions from a baseline that includes the restaurant. The Climate Challenge views the purchase of a renewable energy credit (REC) in a corporate inventory as a means of contractually demonstrating the consumption of one MWh of zero emissions power. Therefore, RECs may be used as a means of achieving electricity related emissions reduction goals. Similarly carbon offsets will be recognized as a means of contractually demonstrating reductions in Scope 1 or Scope 3 emissions for the purpose of achieving a goal. Neither RECs nor offsets will be recognized as the one reduction project a ski area commits to completing each TOP 10 ENERGY SAVING MEASURES  Lighting upgrades  Programmable thermostats  Sensors and timers (e.g., for heating units, snow melting heat tape, etc.)  Infrared space heaters  High-efficiency snow guns  Rate structuring and peak shaving  EnergyStar® equipment  Sink aerators 24 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 year. In other words, at least one reduction project must occur on site. By focusing efforts toward opportunities to cut energy and waste and reduce emissions in your own operations, your ski area can directly reap rewards from and take credit for energy and materials savings. Finally, be complete and accurate in reporting both your inventory and reduction activities. The goals of the Challenge are larger than a single ski area and are best served when all participating ski areas make their best effort. To this end, all submitted inventories, targets, and reduction activities will undergo third-party review to ensure they are eligible and reasonable with respect to industry standards and expectations. 25 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 Reduce Worksheet The Reduce worksheet is a required worksheet that provides templates for describing and recording the benefits of your efforts to reduce your GHG emissions. Here you will report any projects that have occurred in the most recent tracking year. To better show the impact the project has had toward achieving your GHG goals the ski area should also report the scope of emissions impacted. Entering all of the data for the scope of the reduction allows the template to automatically calculate the GHG reduction enabled by that project. Other information that can be tracked include the first-year or upfront cost and the annual cost of the project (negative costs will be interpreted as cost savings). The Reduce worksheet also includes reporting for the purchase of RECs or carbon offsets that a ski area may be using to demonstrate emissions reductions achieved through these means. If you would like to calculate the GHG reduction associated with a project and don’t know how, please contact the Climate Challenge. Screenshot 6. Reduce Worksheet 26 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 2.4 REPORT YOUR PROGRESS By using the Inventory and Reporting Template your ski area will be able to automatically generate summary results that can be reported easily within your organization, to the Climate Challenge and to the public. When you’ve completed your inventory, target, reduce, and advocacy worksheets, please save the spreadsheet and submit it to challenge@brendlegroup.com. With the exception of the information found on the External Report and Encouraged Elements worksheets, your ski area’s information will remain confidential and will only be used by the Climate Challenge program to verify that your reporting meets the expectations of the program. NSAA will make the following information, found on the External Reporting and Encouraged Elements worksheets, public as part of the Climate Challenge program: • Scope 1, 2, 3 and total greenhouse gas emissions in metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent • Your stated reduction target • A narrative description of your reduction activities • A narrative description of your other sustainability activities and participation in Encouraged Elements This information will be made public through the NSAA’s website and other mechanisms described in section 4.0. In addition, an online forum will be offered for Challenge participants to share this information and discuss their projects, successes, and lessons learned. 27 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 Internal Reporting Worksheet The Internal Reporting worksheet provides you with the results of your GHG inventory and a comparison of your data from year-to-year. By clicking the plus signs on the left, the ski area can expand the worksheet to see these results. The Annual Data Comparison will document the percentage change in entered data from year-to-year. The Emissions Review will document the emissions resulting from each source for each year and the Emissions Summary will aggregate those emissions into a total inventory by Scope. Screenshot 7. Internal Reporting External Reporting Worksheet The External Reporting worksheet includes the information that will be shared publically and with other Challenge ski areas. Screenshot 8. External Reporting 28 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 2.5 ADVOCACY Advocacy is a core component of the Challenge’s overall impact and success. The advocacy element of the Challenge helps communicate the importance of efforts made by the ski industry to leaders and legislators on a national level, and supports regional or national legislation or regulation targeting climate issues. Each year, members are required to endorse at least two energy/climate change advocacy letters circulated by NSAA. Additionally, members are required to send direct correspondence from their resort to their Congressional delegation (your state’s Representative and two Senators) on your efforts and the ski industry’s efforts on the Climate Challenge, and include a call for action by Congress on climate change (Canadian resorts would target members of Canadian Parliament in similar fashion). NSAA will provide a sample letter and Congressional contact information. Supplementary attachments to support your correspondence can include your resort’s speficic reporting highlights or the entire Climate Challenge Report for that year. Additional Advocacy Options Include: 1) Engage in climate advocacy at the state level by supporting energy/climate legislation or regulation in your respective state. 2) Write an editorial or letter to the editor in your local paper about the need for Congress or state government to take action on climate change (NSAA will provide a sample). 3) Attend a Washington, D.C. climate-related event with NSAA – such as briefing the Congressional Ski and Snowboard Caucus on climate change efforts in the ski industry, or targeted one on one meetings with selected Congressional offices. 29 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 3.0 ENCOURAGED ELEMENTS In addition to those strategies that directly reduce GHG emissions, your ski area can elect to undertake a number of activities to reduce emissions in indirect ways that may not be reflected in your ski area’s greenhouse gas inventory but may still have a significant impact on global emissions or climate action. These activities should be on the tab of the same name and will be recognized and supported by the Climate Challenge. Some examples of these indirect activities include: • Skier transportation programs – many ski areas are investing in infrastructure, providing incentives, and educating their skiers and riders to reduce single-occupant vehicle travel to ski areas. • Skier education/communications – the ski industry’s visibility to millions of skiers and boarders every year provides tremendous opportunity to lead by example. • Comprehensive reduction planning – developing a comprehensive climate action plan and integrating it into capital planning and budgeting activities can help to elevate the consideration of GHG reduction activities. This is also an opportunity to link your efforts with similar planning that may be taking place in your community. • Purchase of renewable energy credits or offsets – many resorts invest in renewable energy credits or carbon offsets, supporting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Encouraged Elements 30 CLIMATE CHALLENGE GUIDE – 2014 4.0 BEYOND THE CHALLENGE: REAPING THE REWARDS, TAKING ACTION While participating in the Climate Challenge can help reduce ski areas’ impacts on climate change, the program can also boost their financial performance by reducing bottom line costs through greater efficiency, and by growing top-line revenues by tapping into an increasingly environmentally-conscious customer base. By participating in the Challenge your ski area will receive formal recognition in NSAA’s Journal and on the NSAA website for your proactive leadership, as well as recognition in NSAA press releases sharing annual Climate Challenge results. 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Elem entify current with Colorad er stakeholder anual develop d Air Quality M T nga, CA Quality Mana MI ices of the Co s of Ozone, Ca y Standards portation rela mmarizing ou dies. ANCE MA idance Manu nalysis on City hree major sta NE wo City Cou the Transpo minary outline following: ansportation Air H ortation Air Q e current pra ments of this practices, ava do State Unive rs to engage, pment Management agement Distr olorado Air Po arbon Monox ated project a ur research an ANUAL ual to be use y projects an ages as summ ncil Advisory ortation Board e of contents, r Quality Impac Quality Impac ctice in Fort C task include t ailable data, a ersity air qual potential bes District’s air q rict, CA ollution Contr xide, and Part nalysis screen nd analysis pe ed by City sta d proposed d marized below y Board mee d) to discuss , and discuss cts Guidance M November cts Guidance Collins and P the following and available ity experts an st practices, m quality assess rol Divisions a iculate Matte ning criteria t erformed by o aff to inform development w. etings (includ s the objectiv potential too Manual r 2015 Manual inclu Peer commun : models nd other peer models, and o sment practice air quality ana r in the regio o inform relat our team in p m when and h s. The develo ing the Air Q ves of the m ols and appro 2 udes all ities to other es alysis n in ted rior how to opment Quality manual, oaches. s, air quality i onship betwe d a tool, Tren ng, etc. and th lying tools to g communitie that improved g an exception ntact Ann Bow EERS land, PE 17th Street | #23 et, 2nd Floor 80524 t for Proposa lection Comm ates the opp nual. We ad cing transpor rtnered with rong local s m is well-resp zing air pollu of Colorado. Manager, res ontact with A m offers severa e gas mitigat Officers Assoc s and the tri o emission re impact evalua een air quality dLab+, that a heir impact on improve com es is a fundam d transportat nal Transporta wers at (720) 01 | Denver, CO www.fe al – 8185 Tran mittee Membe portunity to s mire the City rtation relate Ascent Enviro sustainability pected in thei ution emission . Thus, the co spectively, wi nn. al advantages ion measures ciation); we h ple bottom li eductions. Yo ation, sustain y impacts an analyzes alter n VMT. We in mmunities and mental part of ion choices c ation Air Qua 539-7230 or O 80293 | (303) ehrandpeers.co nsportation A ers: submit our p y’s aggressive ed emissions onmental, a firm with e ir industry an ns. Most of F ombination o ll provide the s to you for th s with our ext ave recent ex ine (TBL) dec ou will have a ability, and b d the vehicle rnate modes o nvite you to v d reduce vehic f Fehr & Peer can provide. lity Impacts G a.bowers@fe Ann Bow Project M 296-4300 | Fax m Air Quality Im proposal for e greenhouse for all City nationally-re extensive ex d brings the Fehr & Peers’ of Chris Breila e City with th his project. 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We g gas prices, about how we e gas emission e in the comm fully committ have any ques al Quality nd the g and m, and manual p Fort ty has ncipal nd the ing of fornia ing of d city- se gas rstand e have social e have ns. munity ted to stions, ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ....... 1 ....... 2 ....... 5 ....... 8 ..... 10 ..... 10 ..... 10