Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout492242 COLORADO WATER INNOVATION CLUSTER - CONTRACT - AGREEMENT MISC - COLORADO WATER INNOVATION CLUSTERvraer r_,,,,_ 5�331 Economic Health Offi Vendor/Suppller,#., , r �. OV # Batch # Acct # THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into as of the date of acceptance by the City, by and between the CITY OF FORT COLLINS, COLORADO, a municipal corporation (°may') and the Colorado Water Innovation Cluster ("Recipient"). RECITALS: A. In 2004, the Fort Collins Economic Vitality and Sustainability Group recommended that certain business cluster be investigated as economic development strategies. B. In 2006, City Council, through the Budgeting for Outcomes Process, funded the Industry Cluster Analysis and Targeting Study, which established goals and feria, such as "grow and retain existing businesses," "high employment multiplier effects," and more. C. On March 21, 2006, the City Council adopted Resolution 2006-037, authorizing the City Manager to join efforts with Colorado State University ("CSU"), the Ilern Colorado Economic Development Corporation, Fort Collins Area Chamber of Commerce, Poudre School District, Larimer County, and private enterprises, to develop a Clean Energy Cluster for Northern Coiarado. D. The strong relationship between the City, Colorado State University ("CSU"), Front Range Community College, entrepreneurs, and local businesses provides an outstanding collaborative setting within which these entities can work together for the bettertnieff of the community and region. E. Fort Collins has a highly educated workforce capable of providing an intelligent pool of highly capable researchers able to enhance existing technologies and develop new innovative strategies and products. F. It is in the best interests of the City of Fort Collins, lv*wr County, and the State of Colorado to develop employment that is economically stable, and nationwide attention is being paid to the concept of local and regional industry clusters as a means of furthering the economic health of communities. G. The clustering of related industries calls for a high dWee of collaboration among individuals, businesses, and public entities in the development, design, production, transfer, and information and marketing of a particular kind of product in a single geographic location, on the theory that such entities can better further their industry objectives through such close faction and collaboration. H. On August 17, 2010, City Council adopted Resolution 2010-055 reaffirming and supporting the five existing cluster initiatives, which consist of interrelated groups of businesses and organizations from within the identified Target Industries, including: 1) Clean Enerff. 2) Water Innovation, 3) Bioscience, 4) Technology, and 5) Uniquely Fort Collins. I. The 2012 Economic Health Strategic Plan highlighted supporting the growth of the innovation economy by supporting the targeted industry clusters, and Omaugh the Budgeting for Outcomes process 2.2 Project Impact and Alignment with City of Fort Collins Goals (Questions 8-9 and 18-20) This project meets a specific need for evaluating water use in markets worldwide. According to The Nature Conservancy, 2.7 billion people are affected by water shortages at least one month each year. The need for understanding how our local environments (buildings, cities, watersheds) distribute, use, and dispose of water is essential in changing behavior. Water resource managers today are constrained by current governance structures which constrict our ability to use water efficiently. A basic understanding of how water is used on or at a specific site is one of the first building blocks needed to make more informed decisions on how we can best utilize this valuable natural resource. Quite literally, the market potential is enormous. Each watershed, community, and facility or building could utilize this tool. The local community impact can be measured in multiple ways. The first is primary job growth. With successful development and implementation of this tool, the private companies involved would create a new service available for deployment. The tool will have broad appeal and can also be used by other organizations within the community. The goal is for CWIC to own and maintain the tool allowing members of CWIC to utilize the tool providing them a competitive advantage in the market. Second is notoriety and the establishment of northern Colorado a leader in sustainable water innovation and resource planning. The Net Zero Water initiative fits extremely well with two specific goals is the Fort Collins Economic Health Strategic Plan. First, the project provides support to local businesses. CWIC's private business members are mainly local small and medium sized businesses. Providing support to these businesses and helping them develop a visionary tool which will enhance and elevate their ability to compete in today's global market fits within the plan. Second, this project and support of CWIC enables our local innovation ecosystem. Small businesses have limited funds for research and development but with a minimal contribution, which has already been matched, we will continue to drive innovation within the water community and become a leader in the water planning environment. 2.3 Risk Management and Strategy (Questions 21-23) There are no specific regulatory, institutional, workforce, technical or market readiness problems associated with this grant request. But on the flip side of risk, the Net Zero Water Planning Toolkit provides great opportunity for the region. Advancing this initiative will position Fort Collins and Colorado at the center for thought leadership in "net zero" water planning, providing visibility for the region and showcasing the capabilities of CWIC. Fort Collins already has a strong contingent of water sector professionals and a leading university for water resource research and innovation; this initiative would leverage and build upon this strong foundation and continue to draw the top minds and thinkers in water innovation to Fort Collins. Securing this funding and meeting our fundraising targets, specifically our interim target for April, will be important to ramping up work and critical to the success of the initiative. 6 1 P a g e 3. WORK PLAN (Question 24) The following outlines our work plan for the first phase of the Net Zero Water initiative through fall 2014. Task 1. Fundraising and Stakeholder Identification The focus of this in -kind task for the initiative is fundraising and stakeholder identification. We have already identified a preliminary list of technical advisory group (TAG) participants (with the intent thatthe group may grow over time) with confirmation from the following organizations: • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Colorado State University • Colorado Stormwater Center • Colorado Water Conservation Board • Western Resource Advocates • Colorado Springs Utilities • The Living Building Challenge • The Nature Conservancy We have already secured $20,000 in funding with the objective of securing an additional $30,000 by the end of March. Our fundraising plan is outlined in more detail in Section 4. Task 2. Net Zero Water Consortium Workshop An important first step in the development of the Net Zero Water Planning Toolkit will be the gathering of various technical experts as well as the program sponsors to get input on the toolkit. The technical experts will help to inform the methodology for the toolkit — how to define and calculate a water footprint, what types of impact reduction strategies to include, and suggested resources to consider during development. Program sponsors will help to ensure we are developing a toolkit that is useful and meets the needs of the target audience. To gather all of this information we will conduct a half -day workshop, tentatively planned for March S`h 2014. Task 3. Toolkit Development The bulk of the project would be completed under this task, incorporating feedback from the Net Zero Water Consortium Workshop into the water planning toolkit. There will be four main pieces of the toolkit: 1. Water Footprint Methodology — similar to protocols developed for greenhouse gas inventories, the water footprint methodology will provide guidance on how to assess the water quantity and quality impact for a defined site. 2. Water Footprint and Planning Tool — the toolkit will include a tool that entities can use to track their water footprint overtime as well as calculate the estimated contribution of various water footprint reduction strategies. To ensure the tool can be used by various entities, Excel will likely be used initially and potentially converted to a web -based tool after initial piloting. 71Page 3. Water Footprint Reduction Strategies — there are a wide range of options to achieve water footprint reductions and this portion of the toolkit will summarize those options. For each reduction strategy, estimates of the reduction potential and associated implementation costs/cost savings will be provided. Additional resources where users of the toolkit can go to find more information will also be provided. 4. Water Planning Guidance — this portion of the toolkit will pull all of the others together into a guidebook that users of the tool can reference to step them through the process of water action planning. This guidebook will be used to step the pilot project participants through the process. Draft materials of all four pieces of the water planning toolkit will be developed by the end of March 2014 to unveil at the AWWA Sustainable Water Management conference in Denver. During the AWWA conference we will solicit input from conference participants and also put out a call for additional project sponsorship and TAG participation. After the AWWA conference, draft materials will be shared with the TAG for their review and comment. The remainder of spring 2014 will be used to revise the toolkit materials in preparation for use by the pilot projects in summer 2014. Prior to the actual pilot testing in summer 2014, we intend to conduct 'rapid assessment' of each piece of the toolkit with the City of Fort Collins and New Belgium Brewery pilot projects throughout development during Task 3. At this point in the project we also plan to be compiling a list of potential enhancements to the toolkit informed by initial development and testing and will begin looking for additional funds to support development of these enhancements as part of Task 5 below. Task 4. Pilot Testing During summer 2014 the toolkit will be piloted with all Platinum level sponsors. The objective will be for the sponsor entity to be an active participant in the pilot effort to provide an opportunity for CWIC to test the usability of the toolkit and tools. To ensure the toolkit is useable by a wide range of entities and in various geographical regions, the table below summarizes the breadth of pilots we are targeting, with the focus in 2014 being on dry climate sites (Colorado specifically) to encourage local ownership and buy -in to the initiative. Building X (BG) Site/Campus X (NBB) X (NBB) District X (FortZED) City/County/State X (Adams County — pending) Watershed X (Poudre River— pending) Task 5, Net Zero Water Planning Toolkit v1.0 Finally, the CWIC project team will gather feedback from pilot project participants and other lessons learned and make the necessary revisions to the toolkit. The target will be to have a final toolkit complete 8 1 P a g e by fall 2014 with results being reported at the Net Zero Cities Conference in Boulder. After the completion of the final toolkit, CWIC will have to develop a long term plan for the toolkit — how it will be communicated and used to leverage future opportunities for CWIC members as well as exposure for the region as a water leader. Schedule Task 1. Fundraising and Stakeholder Identification CWIC team kick-off meeting TAG finalized Initial fundraising Task 2. Net Zero Water Consortium Workshop Workshop prep Half -day workshop Task 3. Net Zero Water Planning Toolkit Development Water Footprint Methodology Tool Development Reduction Strategy Development Water Planning Guidance Presentation at AWWA TAG review Revisions to Toolkit Stakeholder Engagement Task 4. Pilot Testing` -=r 't^ Baseline Water Footprint Goal Setting Reduction Strategies Impact Reduction Plan Task 5. Net Zero Water Planning Toolkit v1.0 Incorporate revisions from pilot feedback Present results at Net Zero Cities - Boulder Coordinate with CWIC on long-term plan 9 1 P a g e 4. PROJECT BUDGET AND VARIANCE (Question 25) Table 1 summarizes our project budget through October 2014, broken out by task. We have also included Table 2 which summarizes our fundraising plan with the goal of securing these funds by the end of March 2014. The Fort Collins Local Cluster Support Fund plays an important role in helping us meet this target. As we begin development of the toolkit and specific toolkit improvements/add-ons are identified, a more detailed budget and fundraising plan through the end of 2014 will be developed. Our 2014 fundraising plan will include obtaining additional program sponsors while also securing larger funding sources. As an example, one grant opportunity we are planning to pursue is the Colorado Water Conservation Board Water Efficiency Grant. Table 1. Net Zero Water Phase 1 Budget (through October 2014) Fundraising and Stakeholder Identification $0 (in -kind) NZW Consortium Workshop $3,500 Toolkit Development $32,500 Pilot Testing (per pilot) $7,000 NZW Planning Toolkit v1.0 $7,000 TOTAL (w/ 1 pilot) $50,000 Table 2. Net Zero Water Phase 1 Fundraising Plan City of Fort Collins — District pilot project (SECURED) $10,000 New Belgium Brewery — Water Intensive Manufacturing pilot project (SECURED) $10,000 Adams County/City of Brighton — County pilot project $10,000 Woodward —Campus pilot project $5,000 City of Greeley— Watershed pilot project (co-sponsor w/ City of Fort Collins) $5,000 Denver metro funding (specifics TBD) $5-10,000 FC Local Cluster Support Fund $10,000 TOTAL $55-60,000 101Page 5. MANAGEMENT TEAM/CVS AND RESUMES 5.1 Net Zero Water Project Team (Question 26) Brig', Ashe Mr. Ashe is the Manager of Business Development at Riverside Technology, inc., a global water resources engineering company specializing in the development of water management decision support systems. Brian is responsible for business r development and marketing operations and facilitating client development strategies. In his role at Riverside, Mr. Ashe has worked with clients across the country developing solutions that address water management problems including water supply and climate change vulnerabilities. Mr. Ashe has been involved in developing the technical objectives and market strategies for the Riverside Climate Change Decision Support System, a web -based tool which provides water providers stream flow predictions under varying future climate scenarios. Brian's background includes market strategy development for global technology firms and the expansion of strategic partnerships in both information technology and environmental markets. Brian graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor's Degree in Business Management and Marketing and currently .._.completing his Master's Degree in Environmental Policy and Management from the University of Denver. Becky Fedak Becky supports a wide range of projects at Brendle Group, including greenhouse gas inventories; energy profiles; climate and sustainability planning; water footprinting; and on -site energy, water, and waste assessments. She also has extensive experience as a water resources engineer and is well versed in water operations modeling and large scale water resources planning and design. Additionally, Becky has a comprehensive set of business skills, including project management, triple bottom line analysis, and business plan development. With an undergraduate degree in civil and environmental engineering, Becky continued her education with a Master of Science degree in Business Administration focusing on global, social, and sustainable enterprise. While completing her graduate work, she founded Running Water International, a social enterprise in Kenya, Africa that addresses the water resource challenges of the developing world. She continues to serve as Technical Director for the organization's multi -cultural team. 111Page City of F6rt COltins 16. Additional terms and conditions specific to this Agreement may be attached as Exhibit B and incorporated herein by this reference. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement this 1 day of 604 20_�_. AGREED BY: Recipient By r� r Title tve, On Behalf of the Recipient Address, Phone / 76 -�72-�' S( 2k( THE CITY T COLLINS, LORADO: By Gerry Paul Director of Purchasi DATE: ATTES' City Clerk r ZPRO DASTO FORM: r 6 u City Attorney r 4(" JL ..� J Ci F6City oLocal Cluster Support Fund 2014 rtC'o1[inSApplication: CWIC Net Zero Water Planning Template PREPARED FOR CITY OF FORT COLLINS OFFICE OF ECONOMICAL HEALTH BY: .. r r..m,) r a T') NNOVATiON C_.LLSTER J January 31, 2014 City of Fort Collins . Economic Health Office V.PM L-1 1 City Hall West - 3000 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80521 Dear Cluster Grant Application Committee Colorado Water Innovation Cluster (CWIC) is pleased to submit our grant proposal for the City of Fort Collins loco! Cluster Support Fund. CWIC is a triple -helix based non-profit formed in 2010 to drive economic development in Colorado. While the mission of the duster is to serve the state, in some regards Fort Collins is the 'state capital' of Colorado's Cleantec" innovation economy For this grant, we're requesting a one-time financial contribution of $10,000 to help advance one of CWiCs key initiatives, the Net Zero Water Planning Template. This CWIC initiative was launched at the Nei Zero Cities conference in October 2013 and great progress has been made since. The projectteam has formed and work has begun to develop a beta version of the template that will be unveiled during the American Water Works Association - Suitanable Water Management this spring. The Local Cluster Support Fund wit! help CWIC fill our funding gap for this first round of development. In the enclosed proposal, we explain in more detail our work plan for the Net Zero Water initiative and the role this funding would play in its success. Under separate cover, CWIC is submitting a joint application to fund a joint Executive Director with the Colorado Clean Energy Cluster (CCEC) while CCEC is seeking additional funding for the International Cieantech NetworK and Colorado C3E. We appreciate the Gays rontinued nvestment in Its industry clusters and are excited by the potential that this grant `und holds for advancing Cleantech primary employment and outside investment into Fort Cohins. Sincerely, Wade Troxeil ` Vice Chair Colorado Water innovation Cluster 320 East Vine Drive Suite 323 Fort Collins, CO 80524 970.207.0058 V:\:'Vr.CP\vale; innOVaitCJn,COm Table of Contents 1. Identifying Information....................................................................................................................2 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 2 ..................................... (Questions 1 & 3-5 & 16-17)................................................................. ....... 2 Organizational Structure..................................................................................................................3 Partnerships and Collaboration........................................................................................................4 1.2 Capacity to Deliver.......................................................................................................................4 (Questions 6 and 10-15)...................................................................................................................4 2. Project Narrative.............................................................................................................................5 2.1 Grant Request..............................................................................................................................5 ....................... (Question 2 & 7)............................................................................................. .......... 5 2.2 Project Impact and Alignment with City of Fort Collins Goals........................................................6 (Questions 8-9 and 18-20)................................................................................................................ 6 2.3 Risk Management and Strategy....................................................................................................6 (Questions 21-23)............................................................................................................................ 6 3. Work Plan........................................................................................................................................7 (Question 24)...................................................................................................................................7 Task 1. Fundraising and Stakeholder Identification..............................................................................7 Task 2. NZW Consortium Workshop.....................................................................................................7 Task3. Toolkit Development................................................................................................................7 Task4. Pilot Testing............................................................................................................................. 8 Task S. NZW Planning Toolkit v1.0....................................................................................................... 8 Schedule.............................................................................................................................................. 9 4. Project Budget and Variance..........................................................................................................10 (Question 25).................................................................................................................. ......10 5. Management Team/cvs and Resumes............................................................................................11 5.1 Net Zero Water Project Team.....................................................................................................11 (Question 26).................................................................................................................................11 5.2 CWIC Executive Board Members................................................................................................12 (Question 26).................................................................................................................................12 1. IDENTIFYING INFORMATION 1.1 Introduction (Questions 1 & 3-5 & 16-17) The Colorado Water Innovation Cluster (CWIC) is a Fort Collins based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization formed in 2010 to drive economic development in Colorado, specifically the northern Colorado region, with the vision of being a global leader in water innovation. The mailing address for the cluster is 320 East Vine Drive, Fort Collins, CO, 80524. Additional information is available at www.co-waterinnovation.com. Brian Ashe, a CWIC Board Member, is the key contact for this proposal. Brian can be reached by phone at (970) 484-7573 or via email at brian.ashe(@riverside.com. Additionally, Becky Fedak of Brendle Group is the Net Zero Water initiative Project Manager and can be reached at (970) 207-0058 or via email at BFedak@brendlegroup.com. CWIC's primary mission is to utilize the triple helix approach of engaging private industry, local government, and research universities to address complex water issues and foster innovation, commercialization, and economic vitality through synergy, collaboration, and leverage. Bringing together a diverse group of entities interested in water -related innovation into one organization leverages the resources of our entire region to bring advanced approaches and build solutions which will improve each The"Triple Helix" Approach: CCEC Is growing primary jobs in Colorado (in the area of clean energy) through active, high -performing partnerships between clean energy research institutions, the public sector and higher education. This kind of cross -cutting partnership exemplifies the CCEC's "triple helix` model of collaboration. 0 organization's ability to compete globally in the lip water market. These advanced solutions will create opportunities for economic prosperity, regional primary job growth and recognition as a global leader in water innovation. Future goals for CWIC include plans to engage in at least one new significant project, engage the water innovation community, increase brand recognition, increase partnerships with relevant entities, increase the number transactions in the market related to water innovation, develop a process for feeding the pipeline of high quality projects, and deliver on projects already underway. CWIC's efforts are organized around specific initiatives to focus our efforts on tackling real -world issues and challenges. CWIC's projects are proposed by members and pursued by the Cluster as a whole, ranging from water conservation to agricultural water rights management to water infrastructure asset management and beyond. Among the goals of CWIC are to feed the pipeline of high quality projects, engage in such projects with the water innovation community, expand partnerships, and increase the number of transactions in the market related to water innovation. 2 1 P a g e Organizational Structure CWIC is governed by its board of directors, with an executive committee as a subset of the board comprised of the board chair, vice chair, secretary, and treasurer as summarized in the organizational chart below (Figure 1). CWIC members include Colorado -based academic, governmental, and commercial organizations with a primary focus on water -related activities within their respective organizations. Among CWIC's 13 current board members (Table 1) are representatives from academia (Colorado State University), local government (City of Fort Collins), and the private sector including engineering, legal, and consulting firms. Board of Directors Executive Committee Watershed FBoard ero Water Innovation Network Liason: Future Initiatives joint Initiatives Board Liason: w/ CCEC an Ashe John Tufte Figure 1. CWIC Organization Structure Table 2. CWIC Board of Directors Brian Ash Riverside Technology Mazadak Arabi Colorado State University Robert Beccard Aqua Engineering Ted Bendelow * Bendelow Law Office LLC Katy Bigner City of Fort Collins Josh Birks * City of Fort Collins * Executive Committee member Tom Cech Metro State, Univ. of Denver Mike Freeman Rocky Mountain Innosphere Travis Graham Schneider Electric Steve Malers Open Water Foundation Damien Pearson Rubicon Systems America Stephen Smith Regenesis Management Group Zach Thode Lehi Water John Tufte Lamp, Rynearson & Associates Wade Troxell * Colorado State University Reagan Waskom Colorado Water Institute Cristina Windsor In -Situ Inc. 3 1 P a g e Partnerships and Collaboration CWIC is constantly looking for new ways partner with other members of the water innovation community including any companies, large or small, involved in the growing water innovation enterprise. Competitors within these sectors exist primarily as current and possible future collaborators. Current partners within the larger ecosystem of economic development and Cleantech organizations throughout the state, including: • Colorado Cleantech Industry Association • Northern Colorado Economic Development Corporation • Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade, • Colorado Collaboratory • International Cleantech Network • Colorado Water Conservation Board • CU Cleantech • Cleantech Open 1.2 Capacity to deliver (Questions 6 and 10-15) CWIC is financially stable with the capacity to deliver the grant scope and associated reporting requirements delineated in the RFP. The organization has not been involved in a bankruptcy proceeding or has any pending lawsuits. CWIC receives funding from membership dues ($3,000 cash annual board dues), donations, and in -kind services. The Net Zero Water initiative has received initial investments of $10,000 dollars from both the City of Fort Collins and New Belgium Brewery. Additionally, a joint sponsorship between Adams County and the City of Brighton is in development with $7,500 currently committed. A letter of support from Jenn Vervier at New Belgium Brewery can be found in Attachment A with an email indicating future financial support from Adams County/City of Brighton in Attachment B. Additional investments are being sought to reach a $100,000 fundraising goal by the end of 2014 with an interim goal of $50,000 by April. A more detailed budget and fundraising plan can be found in Section 4. CWIC is an outcomes based organization focused on demonstration projects such as the Water Innovation Network, which has a vision of creating a world -class infrastructure to conduct state -of -the art research, education, and training in water related topics. While CWIC has members with significant track records in the innovation economy as measured by patents and licensing agreements, the cluster does not directly track this specifically as an outcome of cluster activities. CWIC holds a certificate of good standing from the Colorado Secretary of State. This certificate verifies thatthe Nonprofit Corporation was formed underthe law of Colorado and has complied with all applicable requirements of the Secretary of State's office. Attachment C contains the certificate of good standing. A signed W-9 from CWIC will be made available at the time of grant award, if applicable. Attachment D contains the Application Certification. 4 1 P a g e 2. PROJECT NARRATIVE 2.1 Grant Request (Question 2 & 7) As an example of CWIC's innovation in the water space and vision of becoming a global leader, this application is seeking funds for the Net Zero Water Planning Toolkit with the intent of making Colorado the center for thought leadership in "net zero" water planning, providing visibility for the state and showcasing the capabilities of CWIC in this space. This project encompasses several sectors including water resources engineering, sustainability planning, landscape and irrigation design, and civil engineering. Because of the broad scope of this project many local partners are involved in the project team including Brendle Group, Riverside Technology, BHA Design, Aqua Engineering, and Lamp Rynearson & Associates. Aside from our project team we have begun to engage a diverse group of stakeholders in the initiative including the State of Colorado, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, Colorado State University, and various water utilities and non-profit organizations such as the Nature Conservancy. Attempts at similar planning tools are starting to emerge including a tool by the Alliance for Water Stewardship. This tool focuses mainly on the supply chain aspects of a corporation or manufacturing company which is a key part of water stewardship. The CWIC toolkit, however, will take this idea even further by developing a tool that will enable all users, individual households as well as large corporations, to analyze their water footprint and then develop a plan for reducing that impact with the ultimate goal of "net zero." CWIC is seeking $10,000 in funding to support the Net Zero Water initiative. This project will develop a specific set of software tools, or a toolkit, to be utilized by organizations to quantify water quantity and quality impacts at various scales. The initial scales to be tested will include examples at the building level, a city district level, within a County scale geopolitical boundary, and at the full watershed scale. The tool will help individuals, organizations, and interest groups understand- their impact on specific water resource issues. The tool can also be used to identify areas for improvement and suggest specific water footprint reduction scenarios and strategies. Of the total requested funds, $5,000 will be used for development. of the toolkit while the remaining $5,000 will be used in coordination with the City of Greeley (funding not yet secured) to co-sponsor a watershed scale pilot project of the toolkit. If we are not able to secure a partnership with the City of Greeley, the full grant amount will be used for toolkit development. This grant will be matched three to one through a combination of in -kind hours from the project team and key initiative sponsorships including New Belgium Brewery. See Section 4 fora more detailed budget. 5 1 P a g e