HomeMy WebLinkAboutQWEST INTERPRISE AMERICA - INSURANCE CERTIFICATE (2)MARSH
CERTIFICATEOF INSURANCE CERTIFICATE NUMBER
EA-0 os 9690-09
PRODUCER
THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS
Marsh USA Inc.
NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER OTHER THAN THOSE PROVIDED IN THE
The Financial Center
POLICY. THIS CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE
1215 4th Avenue
AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN.
Suite #2300
COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE
Seattle, WA 98161-1095
-
Attn: Kathy B. Harm 206 613-2625 Fax: 206 613-2516
COMPANY
100535-QIA-GAW-06-07 kbh cont
none A NATIONAL UNION FIRE INS CO OF PA
INSURED
COMPANY
QW EST INTERPRISE AMERICA, INC.
B INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE STATE OF PA
1801 CALIFORNIA STREET, SUITE 1150
DENVER, CO 80202
COMPANY
C AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY
_..
COMPANY
D
COVERAGES This certificate supersedes and replaces any proviously issued Certificate for the policy period noted WOW. 9
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT POLICIES OF INSURANCE DESCRIBED HEREIN
HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED HEREIN FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REOUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THE CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY
PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN
IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, CONDITIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF SUCH POLICIES, AGGREGATE
LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS.
CO
TYPE OF INSURANCE POLICY NUMBER
POLICY EFFECTIVE ''! POLICY EXPIRATION
'I, LIMITS
LTR
DATE (MM/DDIYY) DATE (MM/DD/YY)
A GENERAL LIABILITY SEE ATTACHED
04/01/06 10/01/07
GENERAL AGGREGATE $ 1,000,0()0
X COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITYPRODUCTS
-COMP/OPAGG I$ 1,000,000
CLAIMS MADE I X OCCUR
I
PERSONAL & ADV INJURY $ 1,000,000
OWNER'S & CONTRACTOR'S PROT
.EACH OCCURRENCE i $ 1,000,000
FIRE DAMAGE (Anyone fire) ' $ 1,000,000
MED EXP (Any oneperson)1 $ 5,000
A AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY iSEE ATTACHED (AOS)
i,04/01106 10/01/07 -
COMBINED SINGLE LIMIT '�, $ 1,000,000
A X ANY AUTO SEE ATTACHED (TX)
04/01/06 10/01/07
A ALL OWNED AUTOS SEE ATTACHED (VA)
i 04/01/06 10/01/07 BODILY INJURY is
(Per Person)
SCHEDULEDAUTOS
:
X HIRED AUTOS
BODILY INJURY $
I X NON-0WNEDAUTOS
(Per accident)
X SIELF-INSURED FOR
IZITO PHYSICAL DAMAGE
PROPERTY DAMAGE $
GARAGE LIABILITY
AUTO ONLY - EA ACCIDENT is
ANY AUTO
OTHER THAN. AUTO ONLY:
i
EACH ACCIDENT $
AGGREGATE � $
EXCESS LIABILITY
EACH OCCURRENCE $
UMBRELLA FORM :
AGGREGATE $
'OTHER THAN UMBRELLA FORM.$
B WORKERS COMPENSATION AND SEE ATTACHED (AOS)
04/01/06 10/01/07 X ER
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY
TORYLIMBS I'
g ' ,SEE ATTACHED(CA)
04/01/06 10/01l07 EL EACH ACCIDENT $ 1,000,000
A THE PROPRIETOR/ INCL SEE ATTACHED (OR)
04/01/06 10101/07 EL DISEASE -POLIcvLIMIT $ 1,000,000
PARTNERSIEXECUTIVE B OFFICERS ARE: EXCL SEE ATTACHED ( FL )
04/01/06 10/01/07 EL DISEASE -EACH EMPLOYEE $ 1,000,000
OTHER
A Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (ND,OH,W1)
04/01/06 10/01/07 Each Accident/Employee $1,000,000
A Workers' Compensation ISEEATTACHED (WV,WY)
04/01/06 10/01/07 Each Accident/Employee $1,000,000
C Excess Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (WA)
04101/06 10/01/07 Excess of SIR Shown Above $1,000,000
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS/LOCATIONS/VEHICLES/SPECIAL ITEMS
RE: Backup for City on Nortel equipment maintenance (P871). The City,
its officers, agents and employees are Additional Insureds as respects their interest
in the operations of the Named Insured as required by written contract regarding General Liability.
CERTIFICATE HOLDER
CANCELLATION
SHOULD ANY OF THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN BE CANCELLED BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF.
THE INSURER AFFORDING COVERAGE WILL ENDEAVOR TO MAIL M DAYS WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE
City of Fort Collins
Attn: Jeri Mael
CERTIFICATE HOLDER NAMEB HEREIN. BUT FAILURE TO MAIL SUCH NOTCE SHALL IMPOSE NO OBLIGATION OR
PO Box 580
LIABILITY OF ANY KIND UPON THE INSURER AFFORDING COVERAGE, ITS AGENTS OR REPRESENTATIVES, OR THE
Fort Collins, CO 80522
ISSUER OF THIS CERTIFICATE.
MARSH USA INC.
BY: Cheryl] L. Koch
MM1(3102) VALID AS OF:-04112106
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SEA-000s690.M 04/12/06r'
PRODUCER COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE
Marsh USA Inc. COMPANY
The Financial Center
1215 4th Avenue E
Suite #2300
Seattle, WA 98161-1095 COMPANY
Attn: Kathy B. Harid 206 613-2625 Fax 206 613-2516 F
100535-OIA-GAW-06-07 kbh cont none
INSURED COMPANY
OW EST INTERPRISE AMERICA, INC.
1801 CALIFORNIA STREET, SUITE 1150 G
DENVER, CO 80202
COMPANY
H
EXT
POLICY TERM 4/1/06 TO 10/1/06
General Liability Policy #GL3917172
Automobile Liability:
Policy #CA3780043 (All Other States)
Policy #CA3780042 (Texas)
Policy #CA3768494 (Virginia)
Workers' Compensation:
Policy#WC4778329 All Other States)
Policy #WC4777998 California)
Policy #W C4778330 (Oregon)
Policy#WC4778331 (Florida)
Policy #WC4778332 (North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
Excess Workers' Compensation Policy #XWC4778869 (Washington)
POLICY TERM: 10/1/06 TO 10/1/07
General Liability Policy #GL3948924
Automobile Liability:
Policy #CA3818306 (All Other States)
Policy #CA3817587 (Texas)
Policy #CA3817586 (Virginia)
Workers' Compensation:
Policy #W C6611392 (All Other States)
Policy #WC6611389 (California)
Policy #WC661 1390 (Oregon)
Policy#WC6611391 (Florida)
Policy#WC6611393 (North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
Excess Workers' Compensation Policy #XWC6611394 (Washington)
City of Fort Collins
Attn: Jeri Mael
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
MARSH USA INC. 6Y
Cheryll L. Koch 6tu4o(—,6 aa.-,,_.,
Page
MARSH CERTWICATE OF INSURANCE CERTIFICATE NUMBER
INSURANCE
�7 /G SEA-000659690-10
PRODUCER THIS CERTIFICATE 15 ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS
Marsh USA Inc. NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER OTHER THAN THOSE PROVIDED IN THE
The Financial Center POLICY. THIS CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE
1215 4th Avenue AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN.
Suite #2300
Seattle, WA 98161-1095 COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE
Attn: Kathy B. Harid 206 613-2625 Fax: 206 613-2516 COMPANY
100535-QIA-GAW-06-07 kbh coot none A NATIONAL UNION FIRE INS CO OF PA
INSURED
COMPANY
OW EST INTERPRISE AMERICA, INC. B INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE STATE OF PA
1801 CALIFORNIA STREET, SUITE 1150
DENVER, CO 80202 COMPANY
C AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY
COMPANY
D
COVERAGES This certificate supersedes and replaces any previously issued certificate for the policy period noted below. 9
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT POLICIES OF INSURANCE DESCRIBED HEREIN HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED HEREIN FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THE CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY
PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, CONDITIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF SUCH POLICIES. AGGREGATE
LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS.
CO TYPE OF INSURANCE POLICY NUMBER POLICY EFFECTIVE POLICY EXPIRATION
LTR LIMITS
DATE (MM/DDIYY) DATE (MM/DD/YY)
A
GENERAL LIABILITY !SEE ATTACHED
04/01/06 10/01/07
GENERAL AGGREGATE
$ 1,000,000
X 'COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY
'I, PRODUCTS - COMP/OPAGG
$ 1,000,000
(
' CLAIMS MADE 1 X OCCUR '
PERSONAL S ADV INJURY
:
$ 1,000,000
I OWNER'S & CONTRACTOR'S PROT
EACH OCCURRENCE
$ 1,000,000
FIRE DAMAGE (Any one fire)
$ 1,000,000
MED EXP (Any oneperson)
$ 5,000
A AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY SEE ATTACHED (AOS)
04/01/06 10/01/07
A X ANY AUTO SEE ATTACHED (TX)
COMBINED SINGLE LIMB $ 1,000,000
04/01/06 10/01/07
A ALLOWNEDAUTOS SEE ATTACHED (VA) '04/01/06
10/01/07 BooanNJuav $
SCHEDULED AUTOS ''�
(Per person)
X HIRED AUTOS
'..
X NON -OWNED AUTOS
BODILY INJURY
(Per accident) $
X SELF -INSURED FOR
AUTO PHYSICAL DAMAGE
PROPERTY DAMAGE $
GARAGE LIABILITY
AUTO ONLY - EA ACCIDENT $
ANY AUTO
_
OTHER THAN AUTO ONLY _
EACH ACCIDENT $
AGGREGATE $
EXCESS LIABILITY
EACH OCCURRENCE
UMBRELLA FORM AGGREGATE $
OTHER THAN UMBRELLA FORM $
B WORKERS COMPENSATION AND SEE ATTACHED (ADS) WC STATLL OTH
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY 04/01/O6 10/01/07 X TORY LIMITS "i ER; -
B SEE ATTACHED (CA) 04/01/06 10/01/07 EL EACH ACCIDENT $ 1,000,000
A THE PROPRIETOR/ INCL SEE ATTACHED (OR) 04/01/06 10/01/07 IEL DISEASE -POLICY LIMIT 1$ 1,000,000
PARTNERS/EXECUTIVE i
.
B OFFICERS ARE: EXCL SEE ATTACHED (FL) 04/01/06 10/01/07 ELDISEASE-EACH EMPLOYEE $ 1,000,000
-OTHER
A Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (ND,OH,WI) 04/01/06 10/01/07 Each Accident/Employee $1,000,000
A Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (WV,WY) 04/01/06 10/01/07 Each Accident/Employee $1,000,000
C Excess Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (WA) 04/01/06 10/01/07 Excess of SIR Shown Above $1.000.000
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS/LOCATIONS/VEHICLES/SPECIAL ITEMS
RE: Backup for City on Nortel equipment maintenance (P871). The City, its officers, agents and employees are Additional Insureds as respects their interest
in the operations of the Named Insured as required by written contract regarding General Liability.
CERTIFICATE HOLDER
CANCELLATION
SHOULD ANY OF THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN BE CANCELLED BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF,
City of Fort Collins
THE INSURER AFFORDING COVERAGE WILL ENDEAVOR TO MAIL 30 DAYS WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE
Attn: Jeri Mael
CERTIFICATE HOLDER NAMED HEREIN. BUT FAILURE TO MAIL SUCH NOTICE SHALL IMPOSE NO OBLIGATION OR
PO Box 580
LIABILITY OF ANY KIND UPON THE INSURER AFFORDING COVERAGE, ITS AGENTS OR REPRESENTATIVES, OR THE
Fort Collins, CO 80522
ISSUER OF THIS CERTIFICATE
MARSX USA INC.
d. -
BY: Cheryll L. Koch i�dl(tiril�„
MMi(3102) VALID AS OF: 05/01/06
MARSH CERTWICATE OF INSURANCE CERTIFICATE NUMBER
INSURANCE
�7 /G SEA-000659690-10
PRODUCER THIS CERTIFICATE 15 ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS
Marsh USA Inc. NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER OTHER THAN THOSE PROVIDED IN THE
The Financial Center POLICY. THIS CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE
1215 4th Avenue AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN.
Suite #2300
Seattle, WA 98161-1095 COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE
Attn: Kathy B. Harid 206 613-2625 Fax: 206 613-2516 COMPANY
100535-QIA-GAW-06-07 kbh coot none A NATIONAL UNION FIRE INS CO OF PA
INSURED
COMPANY
OW EST INTERPRISE AMERICA, INC. B INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE STATE OF PA
1801 CALIFORNIA STREET, SUITE 1150
DENVER, CO 80202 COMPANY
C AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY
COMPANY
D
COVERAGES This certificate supersedes and replaces any previously issued certificate for the policy period noted below. 9
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT POLICIES OF INSURANCE DESCRIBED HEREIN HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED HEREIN FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THE CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY
PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, CONDITIONS AND EXCLUSIONS OF SUCH POLICIES. AGGREGATE
LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS.
CO TYPE OF INSURANCE POLICY NUMBER POLICY EFFECTIVE POLICY EXPIRATION
LTR LIMITS
DATE (MM/DDIYY) DATE (MM/DD/YY)
A
GENERAL LIABILITY !SEE ATTACHED
04/01/06 10/01/07
GENERAL AGGREGATE
$ 1,000,000
X 'COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY
'I, PRODUCTS - COMP/OPAGG
$ 1,000,000
(
' CLAIMS MADE 1 X OCCUR '
PERSONAL S ADV INJURY
:
$ 1,000,000
I OWNER'S & CONTRACTOR'S PROT
EACH OCCURRENCE
$ 1,000,000
FIRE DAMAGE (Any one fire)
$ 1,000,000
MED EXP (Any oneperson)
$ 5,000
A AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY SEE ATTACHED (AOS)
04/01/06 10/01/07
A X ANY AUTO SEE ATTACHED (TX)
COMBINED SINGLE LIMB $ 1,000,000
04/01/06 10/01/07
A ALLOWNEDAUTOS SEE ATTACHED (VA) '04/01/06
10/01/07 BooanNJuav $
SCHEDULED AUTOS ''�
(Per person)
X HIRED AUTOS
'..
X NON -OWNED AUTOS
BODILY INJURY
(Per accident) $
X SELF -INSURED FOR
AUTO PHYSICAL DAMAGE
PROPERTY DAMAGE $
GARAGE LIABILITY
AUTO ONLY - EA ACCIDENT $
ANY AUTO
_
OTHER THAN AUTO ONLY _
EACH ACCIDENT $
AGGREGATE $
EXCESS LIABILITY
EACH OCCURRENCE
UMBRELLA FORM AGGREGATE $
OTHER THAN UMBRELLA FORM $
B WORKERS COMPENSATION AND SEE ATTACHED (ADS) WC STATLL OTH
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY 04/01/O6 10/01/07 X TORY LIMITS "i ER; -
B SEE ATTACHED (CA) 04/01/06 10/01/07 EL EACH ACCIDENT $ 1,000,000
A THE PROPRIETOR/ INCL SEE ATTACHED (OR) 04/01/06 10/01/07 IEL DISEASE -POLICY LIMIT 1$ 1,000,000
PARTNERS/EXECUTIVE i
.
B OFFICERS ARE: EXCL SEE ATTACHED (FL) 04/01/06 10/01/07 ELDISEASE-EACH EMPLOYEE $ 1,000,000
-OTHER
A Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (ND,OH,WI) 04/01/06 10/01/07 Each Accident/Employee $1,000,000
A Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (WV,WY) 04/01/06 10/01/07 Each Accident/Employee $1,000,000
C Excess Workers' Compensation SEE ATTACHED (WA) 04/01/06 10/01/07 Excess of SIR Shown Above $1.000.000
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS/LOCATIONS/VEHICLES/SPECIAL ITEMS
RE: Backup for City on Nortel equipment maintenance (P871). The City, its officers, agents and employees are Additional Insureds as respects their interest
in the operations of the Named Insured as required by written contract regarding General Liability.
CERTIFICATE HOLDER
CANCELLATION
SHOULD ANY OF THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN BE CANCELLED BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF,
City of Fort Collins
THE INSURER AFFORDING COVERAGE WILL ENDEAVOR TO MAIL 30 DAYS WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE
Attn: Jeri Mael
CERTIFICATE HOLDER NAMED HEREIN. BUT FAILURE TO MAIL SUCH NOTICE SHALL IMPOSE NO OBLIGATION OR
PO Box 580
LIABILITY OF ANY KIND UPON THE INSURER AFFORDING COVERAGE, ITS AGENTS OR REPRESENTATIVES, OR THE
Fort Collins, CO 80522
ISSUER OF THIS CERTIFICATE
MARSX USA INC.
d. -
BY: Cheryll L. Koch i�dl(tiril�„
MMi(3102) VALID AS OF: 05/01/06
' 106"IADDITIONAL INFORMATION SEA_WG& qO1005/0/
PRODUCER COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE
Marsh USA Inc. COMPANY
The Financial Center
1215 4th Avenue E
Suite #2300
Seattle, WA 98161-1095 COMPANY
Attn: Kathy B. Harid 206 613-2625 Fax 206 613-2516 F
100535-QIA-GAW-06-07 kbh cont none
INSURED COMPANY
QW EST INTERPRISE AMERICA, INC.
1801 CALIFORNIA STREET, SUITE 1150 G
DENVER, CO 80202
COMPANY
H
CAI
POLICY TERM 4/1/06 TO 10/1/06
General Liability Policy #GL3917172
Automobile Liability:
Policy #CA3780043 (All Other States)
Policy #CA3780042 (Texas)
Policy #CA3768494 (Virginia)
Workers' Compensation:
Policy #W C4778329 (All Other States)
Policy#WC4777998 Califomia)
Policy #WC4778330 (Oregon)
Policy#WC4778331 (Florida)
Policy#WC4778332 (North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
Excess Workers' Compensation Policy#XWC4778869 (Washington)
POLICY TERM: 10/1/06 TO 10/1/07
General Liability Policy #GL3948924
Automobile Liability:
Policy #CA3818306 (All Other States)
Policy #CA3817587 (Texas)
Policy #CA3817586 (Virginia)
Workers' Compensation:
Policy #W C6611392 (All Other States)
Policy #W C6611389 (California)
Policy #WC6611390 (Oregon)
Policy#WC6611391 (Florida)
Policy#WC6611393 (North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
Excess Workers' Compensation Policy #XWC6611394 (Washington)
City of Fort Collins
Attn: Jeri Mael
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
MARSH USA INC. BY
Cheryll L. Koch
NA ,A a
' 106"IADDITIONAL INFORMATION SEA_WG& qO1005/0/
PRODUCER COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE
Marsh USA Inc. COMPANY
The Financial Center
1215 4th Avenue E
Suite #2300
Seattle, WA 98161-1095 COMPANY
Attn: Kathy B. Harid 206 613-2625 Fax 206 613-2516 F
100535-QIA-GAW-06-07 kbh cont none
INSURED COMPANY
QW EST INTERPRISE AMERICA, INC.
1801 CALIFORNIA STREET, SUITE 1150 G
DENVER, CO 80202
COMPANY
H
CAI
POLICY TERM 4/1/06 TO 10/1/06
General Liability Policy #GL3917172
Automobile Liability:
Policy #CA3780043 (All Other States)
Policy #CA3780042 (Texas)
Policy #CA3768494 (Virginia)
Workers' Compensation:
Policy #W C4778329 (All Other States)
Policy#WC4777998 Califomia)
Policy #WC4778330 (Oregon)
Policy#WC4778331 (Florida)
Policy#WC4778332 (North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
Excess Workers' Compensation Policy#XWC4778869 (Washington)
POLICY TERM: 10/1/06 TO 10/1/07
General Liability Policy #GL3948924
Automobile Liability:
Policy #CA3818306 (All Other States)
Policy #CA3817587 (Texas)
Policy #CA3817586 (Virginia)
Workers' Compensation:
Policy #W C6611392 (All Other States)
Policy #W C6611389 (California)
Policy #WC6611390 (Oregon)
Policy#WC6611391 (Florida)
Policy#WC6611393 (North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
Excess Workers' Compensation Policy #XWC6611394 (Washington)
City of Fort Collins
Attn: Jeri Mael
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
MARSH USA INC. BY
Cheryll L. Koch
NA ,A a