HomeMy WebLinkAboutHARMONY MARKET PUD SECOND FILING BLDRS SQUARE - Filed GR-GEOTECHNICAL REPORT/SOILS REPORT -REPORT
OF A
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
FOR
BUILDER'S SQUARE
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO
THE NEENAN COMPANY
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO
PROJECT NO. 8515-90
EMPIRE LABORATORIES, INC.
301 NORTH HOWES STREET
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80521
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tableof Contents .............................................. i
Letter of Transmittal .......................................... ii
Report......................................................... 1
AppendixA .................................................... A-1
Test Boring Location Plan .................................... A-2
Keyto Borings ............................................... A-3
Logof Borings ............................................... A -4
AppendixB.................................................... B-1
Consolidation Test Data ...................................... B-2
Hveem Stabilometer Data .................................... B-5
Summaryof Test Results ..................................... B -6
AppendixC.................................................... C-1
Empire Laboratories, Inc. CORPORATE OFFICE
P.O. Box 503 • 301 No. Howes
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING & MATERIALS TESTING Fort Collins, Colorado80522
303) 484-0359
June 4, 1990
FAX No. (303) 484-0454
The Neenan Company
P. 0. Box 2127
Fort Collins, Colorado 80522
Attention: Mr. James J. Brannan, Project Architect
Gentlemen:
We are pleased to submit our Report of a Geotechnical Investigation
prepared for the proposed Builder's Square to be located on Harmony
Road in southeast Fort Collins, Colorado.
Based upon our findings in the subsurface, it is our opinion the site is
suitable for the proposed construction, providing the design criteria and
recommendations set forth in this report are met. The accompanying
report presents our findings in the subsurface and our recommendations
based upon these findings.
Very truly yours, \
EMPIRE LABORATORIES, INC.
Neil R. Sherrod %" ='
Senior Engineering Geologist
Reviewed by:
Chester C. Smith, P.E.
President
cic
cc: RBD, Inc.
Vaught Frye Architects
Branch Offices
P.O. Box 16859 P.O. Box 1135 P.O. Box 1744
Colorado Springs, CO 80935 Longmont, CO 80502 Greeley, CO 80632
719) 597-21 16 (303) 776-3921 (303) 351.0460
Member of Consulting Engineers Council
P.O. Box 5659
Cheyenne, WY82003
307) 632-9224
REPORT
OF A
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
SCOPE
This report presents the results of a geotechnical evaluation
prepared for the proposed Builder's Square to be located on Harmony
Road east of Pace Warehouse in southeast Fort Collins, Colorado. The
investigation included test borings and laboratory testing of samples
obtained from these borings.
The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the subsurface
conditions at the site relative to the proposed construction, (2) make
recommendations regarding the design of the substructure, (3)
recommend certain precautions which should be taken because of adverse
soil and/or ground water conditions, and (4) make recommendations
regarding pavement types and thicknesses for the proposed parking
areas, driveways and street to be constructed at the site.
SITE EXPLORATION
The field exploration, carried out on May 24, 1990, consisted of
drilling, logging, and sampling fifteen (15) test borings. The test
borings were located by Empire Laboratories, Inc. from the existing Pace
building located west of the site using conventional chaining methods.
The locations of the test borings are shown on the Test Boring Location
Plan included in Appendix A of this report. Boring logs prepared from
the field logs are shown in Appendix A. These logs show soils
encountered, location of sampling, and ground water at the time of the
exploration.
The borings were advanced with a four -inch diameter, continuous -
type, power -flight auger drill. During the drilling operations, a
geotechnical engineer from Empire Laboratories, Inc. was present and
made continuous observations of the soils encountered.
1-
SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The site is located adjacent to the east side of the existing Pace
store between Harmony Road and OakRidge Drive in southeast Fort
Collins, Colorado. More particularly, the site is described as a tract of
land situate in the Northeast 1 /4 of Section 1, Township 6 North, Range
69 West of the Sixth P.M., City of Fort Collins, Larimer County,
Colorado.
The majority of the Builder's Square site is planted in alfalfa. The
property is relatively flat and slopes gently to the east and has positive
drainage in this direction. The land is irrigated, and several irrigation
laterals are located throughout the site. A farmhouse and associated
outbuildings, garages and a large grain silo are located in the northwest
corner of the site adjacent to Harmony Road. Several large trees are
located in this portion of the site. An existing church is located
adjacent to the southeast corner of the site at the intersection of
OakRidge Drive and Lemay Avenue. The property is bordered on the
west by Pace Warehouse, on the east by vacant land and on the south
by the proposed extension of OakRidge Drive. A long, narrow ditch is
located along the south edge of the site just north of proposed OakRidge
Drive.
LABORATORY TESTS AND EVALUATION
Samples obtained from the test borings were subjected to testing in
the laboratory to provide a sound basis for evaluating the physical
properties of the soils encountered. Moisture contents, dry unit
weights, unconfined compressive strengths, water soluble sulfates,
swelling potentials, and the Atterberg limits were determined. A
summary of the test results is included in Appendix B. Consolidation,
swell -consolidation and Hveem stabilometer characteristics were also
determined, and curves showing this data are included in Appendix B.
2-
SOIL AND GROUND WATER CONDITIONS
The soil profile at the site consists of strata of materials arranged
in different combinations. In order of increasing depths, they are as
follows:
1 ) Silty Topsoil and Pavement: A six (6) inch layer of silty
topsoil was encountered at the surface of all but Borings 6 and
7 drilled at the site. It is recommended that the topsoil be
stripped and stockpiled for reuse in planted areas and/or
wasted from the site. Four (4) inches of asphalt underlain by
eight (8) inches of base course were encountered at the surface
of Boring 11 drilled through the existing street at the site.
2) Fill Material: A two (2) to six and one-half (6-1/2) foot layer
of fill material was encountered in Borings 6 and 7. A one (1)
foot layer of fill was encountered below the pavement in Boring
11. It is anticipated that the fill encountered in Borings 6 and
7 was placed in conjunction with construction of the Pace
Warehouse adjacent to the west edge of the site. The fill
consists of a mixture of silty and/or sandy silty clay with
traces of gravel. The fill was properly placed and compacted
in accordance with specifications for the Pace project. In our
opinion, the fill is suitable for use as structural fill and for
foundation support. The fill exhibits moderate to high bearing
characteristics. When wetted and upon loading, minor
consolidation of the fill material occurs.
3) Silty Clay: A layer of silty clay underlies the topsoil and/or
fill in Borings 1 through 6, 8, 9 and 11 through 14 and
extends to depths of two (2) to greater than fifteen (15) feet
below the surface. The upper portion of the brown silty clay
is dry and dense and exhibits high bearing characteristics.
When wetted, the upper brown dry silty clay exhibits high
swell potential; and upon loading, minor consolidation occurs.
3-
4) Sandy Silty Clay: The sandy silty clay was encountered in
Borings 1, 3 through 5 and 7 through 15 at depths of one-half
1 /2) to seven (7) feet below the surface and extends to depths
of seven (7) to greater than fifteen (15) feet below the
surface. The red to tan silty clay contains varying amounts of
sand, minor amounts of gravel and exhibits generally moderate
bearing characteristics in its damp to moist natural condition.
When wetted, the lower clay stratum exhibits slight swell
potential; and upon loading, consolidation occurs.
5) Silty and/or Clayey Sand and Gravel: A layer of sand and
gravel was encountered in Borings 1 through 5, 8, 9, 10 and
12 at depths of seven (7) to fourteen (14) feet below the
surface and extends to the depths explored and/or the bedrock
below. The sand and gravel is poorly graded, contains varying
amounts of clay and/or silt and exhibits generally moderate
bearing characteristics in its loose to dense in situ condition.
6) Siltstone Bedrock: The bedrock was encountered in Boring 3
at a depth of nineteen and one-half (19-1/2) feet and extends
to greater depths. The upper one and one-half (1-1/2) feet of
the bedrock is highly weathered; however, the underlying
siltstone is firm to dense and exhibits very high bearing
characteristics.
7) Ground Water: At the time of the investigation and twenty-four
24) hours after drilling, free ground water was encountered in
Borings 1 through 9 and 12 at depths of seven (7) to thirteen
and one-half (13-1 /2) feet below the surface. No free ground
water was encountered in the remaining borings drilled at the
site to the depths explored. Water levels in this area are
subject to change due to seasonal variations and irrigation
demands on and/or adjacent to the site.
4-
RECOMMENDATIONS AND DISCUSSION
It is our understanding that the proposed Builder's Square structure
is to be a single -story, slab -on -grade building having tilt -up panel
walls, a metal deck roof and forty -foot bay spacing. The finished first
floor of the structure will be placed at elevation 94. This will require
up to four (4) feet of fill placed below the northeast portion of the
building. A maximum cut of one (1) foot will be at the southwest corner
of the proposed structure. The fill will come from the proposed parking
lot to the north. The area to the north and east of the building will be
used for parking, and a driveway entrance onto Harmony Road will be
constructed at the north edge of the site. Additional access will be from
Oak Ridge Drive to be constructed westward from the existing OakRidge
Drive at Lemay Avenue to where it is currently built south of the Pace
site. A detention basin is planned south of the proposed building in the
area of Boring 9.
Site Gradinq, Excavation and Utilities
Specifications pertaining to site grading are included below and in
Appendix C of this report. It is recommended that the upper six (6)
inches of topsoil penetrated by root growth and organic matter below
building, filled and paved areas be stripped and stockpiled for reuse in
planted areas. The upper six (6) inches of the natural subgrade and
existing fill subgrade below building, paved and filled areas should be
scarified and recompacted between optimum moisture and two percent
2%) wet of optimum moisture to at least ninety-five percent (95%) of
Standard Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78. (See Appendix C.) Finished
subgrade below building and paved areas should be placed a minimum of
three (3) feet above existing ground water. Fill should consist of the
on -site soils or imported granular material approved by the geotechnical
engineer. Fill should be placed in uniform six (6) to eight (8) inch lifts
and mechanically compacted between optimum moisture and two percent
2%) wet of optimum moisture to at least ninety-five percent (95%) of
5-
Standard Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78. In computing earthwork
quantities, an estimated shrinkage factor of eighteen percent (18%) to
twenty-three percent (23%) may be used for the on -site clays compacted
to the above -recommended density.
All excavations should be dug on safe and stable slopes. The
slope of the sides of the excavations should comply with local codes or
OSHA regulations. The side slopes of the excavation should be
maintained under safe conditions until completion of backfilling. In
addition, heavy construction equipment should be kept a safe distance
from the edge of the excavation.
Where utilities are excavated below ground water, dewatering will be
needed during placement of pipe and backfilling for proper construction.
All piping should be adequately bedded for proper load distribution.
Backfill placed in utility trenches in open and planted areas should be
compacted in uniform lifts at optimum moisture to at least ninety percent
90%) of Standard Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78 the full depth of the
trench. The upper four (4) feet of backfill placed in utility trenches
under building and paved areas should be compacted at or near optimum
moisture to at least ninety-five percent (95%) of Standard Proctor
Density ASTM D 698-78, and the lower portion of these trenches should
be compacted to at least ninety percent (90%) of Standard Proctor
Density ASTM D 698-78. Addition of moisture to and/or drying of the
subsoils may be needed for proper compaction.
Stripping, grubbing, subgrade preparation, and fill and backfill
placement should be accomplished under continuous observation of the
geotechnical engineer. Field density tests should be taken daily in the
compacted subgrade, fill, and backfill under the direction of the
geotechnical engineer.
Cuts and fills for the proposed detention basin should be placed on
slopes no steeper than 3:1. Cut areas in the detention pond should be
scarified a minimum of eight (8) inches and compacted at or near
optimum moisture to at least ninety-five percent (95%) of Standard
Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78. Fill in detention pond areas should
consist of the on -site clay material placed in accordance with the above
recommendations. For ease of construction and maintenance, the top of
M
the proposed detention basin should have a minimum width of ten (10)
feet. To minimize erosion, the slope and bottom of the detention basin
should be seeded. Pipes or apertures through the detention basin
should be surrounded by a minimum of two (2) feet of the on -site clay
soil compacted to ninety-eight percent (98%) of Standard Proctor Density
ASTM D 698-78.
GnllnAnfinn
In view of the loads transmitted by the proposed structure and the
soil conditions encountered at the site, it is recommended that the
structure be supported by conventional -type spread footings and/or
ngs and/or grade beams should be founded on the
the proposed detention basin should have a minimum width of ten (10)
feet. To minimize erosion, the slope and bottom of the detention basin
should be seeded. Pipes or apertures through the detention basin
should be surrounded by a minimum of two (2) feet of the on -site clay
soil compacted to ninety-eight percent (98%) of Standard Proctor Density
ASTM D 698-78.
In view of the loads transmitted by the proposed structure and the
soil conditions encountered at the site, it is recommended that the
structure be supported by conventional -type spread footings and/or
grade beams. All footings and/or grade beams should be founded on the
original, undisturbed soil, existing structural fill or on newly placed
structural fill extended to the undisturbed soil. All exterior footings
should be placed a minimum of thirty (30) inches below finished grade
for frost protection. The structural fill should be constructed in
accordance with the recommendations discussed in the "Site Grading,
Excavation and Utilities" section of this report. The structural integrity
of the fill as well as the identification and undisturbed nature of the soil
should be verified by the geotechnical engineer prior to placement of any
foundation concrete. Footings and/or grade beams founded at the above
levels may be designed for a maximum allowable bearing capacity of two
thousand five hundred (2500) pounds per square foot (dead load plus
maximum live load). To counteract swelling pressures which will develop
if the subsoils become wetted, all footings and/or grade beams should be
designed for a minimum dead load of seven hundred fifty (750) pounds
per square foot.
The predicted settlement under the above maximum loading, as
determined by laboratory consolidation tests, should be less than
three -fourths (3/4) inch, generally considered to be within acceptable
tolerances.
7-
Slabs on Grade
Due to the swelling pressures exerted by the materials at subgrade,
it is our opinion that the only positive solution for construction of the
slab where movement will not occur is a structural floor with a void
beneath it. However, the cost of this type of system may be prohibitive.
It is our opinion that, with certain precautions and knowing that some
risk is involved, a floating floor slab may be a reasonable alternative.
If the owner is willing to assume the risk of future slab movement and
related structural damage, the following recommendations may reduce slab
movement and its adverse effects.
Subgrade below slabs on grade should be prepared in accordance
with the recommendations discussed in the "Site Grading, Excavation and
Utilities" section of this report. If the subgrade below slabs on grade is
allowed to dry below the required moisture, the subgrade should be
rewetted or rescarified and recompacted to two percent (2%) wet of
optimum moisture to the required density just prior to placement of
underslab gravel and concrete. Slabs on grade exhibiting heavy floor
loads should be underlain by a minimum of six (6) inches of crushed
aggregate base course meeting Colorado Department of Highways Class 5
or 6 specifications compacted at or wet of optimum moisture to a minimum
of ninety-five percent (95 0) of Standard Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78.
See Appendix C.) Slabs on grade supporting light floor loads may be
underlain by a minimum of four (4) inches of clean, graded gravel or
crushed rock devoid of fines. Slabs on grade should be designed for
the imposed loading and constructed structurally independent of bearing
members.
To minimize and control shrinkage cracks which may develop in slabs
on grade, we suggest that control joints be placed every fifteen (15) to
twenty (20) feet and that the total area contained within these joints
be no greater than four hundred (400) square feet. In addition, if
building construction is done during winter months, it is recommended
that the slab on grade not be poured until the building has been
enclosed and heat is available within the building area so that
slab -on -grade concrete is not placed on frozen ground. This will also
aid in proper curing of the slab concrete.
8-
We further recommend that nonbearing partitions placed on floor
slabs be provided with a one and one-half (1-1/2) to two (2) inch slip
joint (either top or bottom). Slip joints reduce pressure applied by
heaving floor slabs and thus minimize damage to the portion of the
structure above. It is emphasized that if the subsoils are kept dry,
movement of slabs on grade should be minimal. However, if moisture is
permitted to reach the subsoils below the slabs, heaving will probably
occur.
Backfill
Backfill placed adjacent to the building should consist of the on -site
sandy silty clay soils or imported granular material approved by the
geotechnical engineer. The backfill should be mechanically compacted in
uniform six (6) to eight (8) inch lifts to a minimum of ninety-five
percent (95%) of Standard Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78 (see Appendix
C) or eighty percent (80%) of Relative Density ASTM D 4253, D 4254.
Free-standing foundation walls backfilled with the on -site clay soils
should be designed using a hydrostatic pressure distribution and
equivalent fluid pressure of fifty-five (55) pounds per cubic foot per
foot depth of backfill.
Retaining Walls and Light Standards
Retaining walls three (3) feet or less in height constructed at the
site should be backfilled with the on -site clay soils. These relatively
impervious clays will help prevent surface water from reaching the
backfill area. The clay backfill should be compacted in uniform lifts
between optimum moisture and two percent (2%) wet of optimum moisture
to a minimum of ninety-five percent (95%) of Standard Proctor Density
ASTM D 698-78. (See Appendix C.) Retaining wall structures over
three (3) feet in height constructed at the site should be backfilled with
approved, free -draining granular material to within one and one-half
1-1 / 2) to two (2) feet of the top of the structure. The granular
backfill should be compacted to at least eighty percent (80%) of Relative
MOB
Density ASTM D 4253-83, D 4254-83. The granular backfill should be
overlain by an untreated building paper or filter fabric to prevent the
overlying backfill from clogging the filter material. The upper one and
one-half (1-1 /2) to two (2) feet of backfill behind retaining walls over
three (3) feet in height should consist of the on -site relatively
impervious clay material compacted to the above -required density.
Retaining walls backfilled with the on -site clays should be designed
using a hydrostatic pressure distribution and equivalent fluid pressure
of fifty-five (55) pounds per cubic foot per foot depth of backfill.
Retaining walls backfilled with imported granular material should be
designed using a hydrostatic pressure distribution and equivalent fluid
pressure of forty (40) pounds per cubic foot per foot depth of granular
backfill. The maximum toe pressure should not exceed two thousand five
hundred (2500) pounds per square foot, and the bottom of the footing
should be placed a minimum of thirty (30) inches below the low side
finished grade for frost protection. Footings should be founded on the
original, undisturbed soil or on properly compacted structural fill
constructed in accordance with the recommendations discussed in the
Site Grading, Excavation and Utilities" section of this report. Weep
holes should be provided in the retaining wall so that hydrostatic
pressures which may develop behind the walls will be minimized.
Positive drainage should be provided away from the top of the wall to
prevent ponding of water in the area behind the wall.
It is recommended that all light standards be drilled pier type
foundations. The ultimate passive pressure of the upper clay soils
encountered at the site at depth Z may be expressed by the equation Pp
20OZ + 3000 pounds per square foot. The above passive pressure may
be used in the design criteria for resisting lateral loads and overturning
moments developed on the pier. It is suggested that a factor of safety
of 3 be used in conjunction with the above equation. All piers should
extend a minimum of thirty (30) inches below finished grade for frost
protection. Piers should be founded on the original, undisturbed soil or
properly placed fill that has been compacted to a minimum of ninety-five
percent (95%) of Standard Proctor Density ASTM D 698-78 in accordance
10-
with the recommendations discussed in the "Site Grading, Excavation and
Utilities" section of this report.
Pavement
It is our opinion that flexible pavement is suitable for the proposed
pavement construction at the site. The flexible pavement alternate
should consist of asphalt concrete underlain by crushed aggregate base
course and select subbase or asphalt concrete underlain by plant mix
bituminous base course. The design criteria described below was
utilized in determining the pavement thicknesses at the site.
City of Fort Collins "Design Criteria and Standards for Streets"
dated July 1986 and Colorado Department of Highways "Revised
Pavement Design" dated December 1, 1989
R" value - 11
Reliability Factor - Parking and Drive - .80; OakRidge Drive - .90
Serviceability Index - 2 for all parking and drive areas and 2.5 for
OakRidge Drive, which is an industrial collector street
20-Year Design Life
18 kip Equivalent Daily Load Application - 5 for parking, 15 for
driveways and truck loading areas, and 35 for OakRidge Drive
Weighted Structural Number - 2.34 for parking areas, 2.78 for
driveway areas, and 3.73 for OakRidge Drive
The following minimum pavement thicknesses are recommended:
Passenger Car Parking
Asphalt Concrete 22"
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 11"
Total Pavement Thickness 132"
11-
Asphalt Concrete 21"
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 4"
Select Subbase 8"
Total Pavement Thickness 14Z"
Asphalt Concrete 2"
Plant Mix Bituminous Base Course 41"
Total Pavement Thickness 61"
Driveways and Truck Loading Areas
Asphalt Concrete 3"
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 13"
Total Pavement Thickness 16"
Asphalt Concrete 3"
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 6"
Select Subbase 8"
Total Pavement Thickness 17"
Asphalt Concrete 2"
Plant Mix Bituminous Base Course 5111
Total Pavement Thickness 71"
OakRidge Drive
Asphalt Concrete 4"
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 18"
Total Pavement Thickness 22"
Asphalt Concrete 4"
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 6"
Select Subbase 13"
Total Pavement Thickness 23"
12-
Asphalt Concrete 3"
Plant Mix Bituminous Base Course 7"
Total Pavement Thickness 10"
The select subbase should meet City of Fort Collins Class 1
specifications, and the crushed aggregate base course should meet City
of Fort Collins Class 5 or 6 specifications. The subgrade below the
proposed asphalt pavement should be prepared in accordance with the
recommendations discussed in the "Site Grading, Excavation and Utilities"
section of this report. Upon proper preparation of the subgrade, the
base course should be placed and compacted at optimum moisture to at
least ninety-five percent (95%) of Standard Proctor Density ASTM D
698-78. (See Appendix C.)
It is recommended that the asphalt concrete and/or plant mix
bituminous base course be placed in two (2) to three (3) inch lifts. All
plant mix bituminous base course and asphalt concrete shall meet City of
Fort Collins specifications and should be placed in accordance with these
specifications. The crushed aggregate base course shall have an "R"
value between 70 and 77, the plant mix bituminous base course shall
have an Rt value of 90 or greater, and the asphalt concrete shall have
an Rt value of 95 or greater. The "R" value of the pavement materials
used should be verified by laboratory tests. Field density tests should
be taken in the aggregate base course, bituminous base course, and
asphalt concrete under the direction of the geotechnical engineer.
Riaid Pavement
A feasible pavement alternate at the site would be rigid pavement.
Using the eighteen (18) kip equivalent daily load application described
above, a modulus of subgrade reaction of one hundred five (105) pounds
per square inch per inch based on an "R" value of 11, a design life of
twenty (20) years, and concrete designed with a modulus of rupture of
six hundred fifty (650) pounds per square inch, the following minimum
pavement thicknesses are recommended:
13-
Passenger Car Parking
Nonreinforced Concrete - 5"
Driveways and Truck Loading Areas
Nonreinforced Concrete - 6"
OakRidge Drive
Nonreinforced Concrete - 6"
Subgrade below proposed streets should be prepared in accordance with
the recommendations discussed in the "Site Grading, Excavation and
Utilities" section of this report. Concrete pavement should be placed
directly on the subgrade that has been uniformly and properly prepared
in accordance with the above recommendations. All concrete used in the
paving shall meet ASTM specifications, and all aggregate shall conform to
ASTM C-33 specifications. The concrete should be designed with a
minimum modulus of rupture of six hundred fifty (650) pounds per
square inch in twenty-eight (28) days. It is recommended that
laboratory mix designs be done to determine the proper proportions of
aggregates, cement, and water necessary to meet these requirements. It
is essential that the concrete have a low water -cement ratio, an adequate
cement factor, and sufficient quantities of entrained air. Joints should
be carefully designed and constructed in accordance with the City of
Fort Collins "Design Criteria and Standards for Streets" to ensure good
performance of the pavement. It is recommended that all concrete
pavement be placed in accordance with City of Fort Collins
specifications. If paving is done during cold weather, acceptable cold
weather procedures as outlined in the City specifications should be
utilized. The concrete pavement should be properly cured and protected
in accordance with the above specifications. Concrete injured by frost
should be removed and replaced. It is recommended that the pavement
not be opened to traffic until a flexural strength of four hundred (400)
pounds per square inch is obtained or a minimum of fourteen (14) days
after the concrete has been placed.
14-
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1) Laboratory test results indicate that water soluble sulfates in
the soil are negligible, and a Type 1-II cement may be used in
concrete exposed to subsoils. Slabs on grade subjected to
de-icing chemicals should be composed of a more durable
concrete with low water -cement ratios and higher air contents.
2) Finished grade should be sloped away from the structure on all
sides to give positive drainage. Five percent (50) for the first
ten (10) feet away from the structure is the suggested slope.
3) Gutters and downspouts should be designed to carry roof
runoff water well beyond the backfill area.
4) Underground sprinkling systems should be designed such that
piping is placed a minimum of five (5) feet outside the backfill
of the structure. Heads should be designed so that irrigation
water is not sprayed onto the foundation walls. These
recommendations should be taken into account in the landscape
planning.
5) Footing and/or grade beam sizes should be proportioned to
equalize the unit loads applied to the soil and thus minimize
differential settlements.
6) It is recommended that compaction requirements in the project
specifications be verified in the field with density tests
performed under the direction of the geotechnical engineer.
7) It is recommended that a registered professional engineer design
the substructure and that he take into account the findings and
recommendations of this report.
15-
GENERAL COMMENTS
This report has been prepared to aid in the evaluation of the
property and to assist the architect and/or engineer in the design of
this project. In the event that any changes in the design of the
structure or its location are planned, the conclusions and
recommendations contained in this report will not be considered valid
unless said changes are reviewed and conclusions of this report modified
or approved in writing by Empire Laboratories, Inc., the geotechnical
engineer of record.
Every effort was made to provide comprehensive site coverage
through careful locations of the test borings, while keeping the site
investigation economically viable. Variations in soil and ground water
conditions between test borings may be encountered during
construction. In order to permit correlation between the reported
subsurface conditions and the actual conditions encountered during
construction and to aid in carrying out the plans and specifications as
originally contemplated, it is recommended that Empire Laboratories,
Inc. be retained to perform continuous construction review during the
excavation and foundation phases of the work. Empire Laboratories,
Inc. assumes no responsibility for compliance with the recommendations
included in this report unless they have been retained to perform
adequate on -site construction review during the course of construction.
16-
APPENDIX A.
1
TEST BORING LOCATION PLAN
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