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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPACIFIC COAST SUPPLY WAREHOUSE - FDP200019 - SUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS - ROUND 1 - ECS REPORTGENERAL ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY 1012 Northeast Frontage Road Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 PREPARED FOR: Pacific Coast Supply 4290 Roseville Road North Highlands, California 95660 WESTERN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY, INC. 2217 West Powers Avenue Littleton, Colorado 80120 (303) 730 3452 (phone) (303) 730-3461 (fax) www.westernenvironment.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 STUDY AREA 2 3.0 METHODS 6 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 8 4.1 Wetlands 8 4.2 Species Eliminated from Consideration 9 4.3 Species Included in Survey 10 Western Burrowing Owl 10 Bald Eagle 10 Mountain Plover 10 Piping Plover 11 Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse 11 Lesser Prairie Chicken 12 Ferruginous Hawk 12 Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse 12 Black-tailed Prairie Dog 13 Ute Ladies’-Tresses Orchid 13 Other Wildlife 14 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 6.0 LITERATURE CITED 16 FIGURES FIGURE 1 Site Location Map 3 FIGURE 2 Site Map 4 FIGURE 3 Boyd Lake Buffer Map 5 TABLES TABLE 1 Threatened and Endangered Species in the Colorado Piedmont 7 Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -1- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. (Western Environment) was retained by Mr. Joe Valine, of Pacific Coast Supply, to conduct a General Ecological Survey, including threatened and endangered species, wetlands, and other significant habitats, within approximately 4.26 acres in the City of Fort Collins, Colorado. Mr. Valine indicated that this survey is in regards to the potential development of the northern portion of the site. This survey was conducted in accordance with the City of Forth collins Land Use Code (LUC) Section 3.4.1. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish presence/absence and potential habitat of any federal or state threatened and endangered species on the property, (2) identify any wetlands or other ecologically sensitive areas on and adjacent to the property, and (3) make practical recommendations based on the results of the study. View of the property from the southeast Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -2- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 2.0 STUDY AREA The project site consists of a 4.26 acre lot, addressed 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, located within Section 3, Township 7 North, Range 68 West, Fort Collins, Colorado (Figure 1). The site, zoned for industrial use by the City of Fort Collins, is located approximately 1,600 feet north of the intersection of Northeast Frontage Road and East Vine Drive (Figure 2). According to the Larimer County Assessor, the property contains a 1,500 square foot office building constructed in 1976. Surrounding properties are occupied by aggregate storage and commercial buildings to the north and east. The site occurs at an elevation of approximately 4,975 feet above sea level (USGS Fort Collins and Timnath Quadrangles, 2019). The topography is generally flat, with a gradual slope to the east, towards an irrigation ditch along the eastern property border. Site soils consists of Nunn clay loam, Longmont clay, and Satanta loam on 0 to 3 percent slopes (NSRC). Site geology includes Quaternary gravels and alluviums overlying the Cretaceous Age Pierre Shale Upper Unit (Tweto, 1979). Review of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood insurance maps indicate the property is located outside the 100 year flood plain. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (attached) identified no wetlands on or adjacent to the property. WESTERN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY, INC. 2217 West Powers Avenue Littleton, Colorado 80120 Figure 1 - Project Location Map 1012 NE Frontage Road Fort Collins, Colorado USGS Fort Collins and Timnath Quadrangles 7.5 Minute Series 2019 Approximate Scale in Miles N 0 0.50 Subject Site WESTERN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY, INC. 2217 West Powers Avenue Littleton, Colorado 80120 Figure 2 - Site Map 1012 NE Frontage Road Fort Collins, Colorado Approximate Scale in feet 200 Great Horned Owl Nest N 0 Loveland & Greeley Canal Boyd Lake Stormwater Detention Area Approximate Property Boundary Boyd Lake Avenue Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -6- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 3.0 METHODS Species that are federally or state listed as threatened or endangered, including federally proposed and candidate species, occurring or having historically occurred in Larimer County were considered for this study (Table 1). The county classification was determined by following the Colorado Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s county checklist (USFWS, 2018). The list was narrowed based on habitat requirements of the species relative to existing habitats on the project. The property was surveyed on April 29 th , 2020. Information was collected on topography, ecosystems, and species of flora and fauna found on and adjacent to the property. Photographs were taken, and emphasis was placed on potential habitat of threatened and endangered species, and the presence of wetlands. Western Environment reviewed the City of Fort Collins Land Use Code (LUC) Section 3.4.1 which applies if “any portion of the development site is within five hundred (500) feet of an area or feature identified as a natural habitat” Review of the City of Fort Collins Natural Habitats and Features Inventory Map did not identify any features on the subject property. However, the Larimer and Weld Canal, located approximately 360 feet to the northeast, was identified as an aquatic resource. However, the recommended buffer for an irrigation ditch that serves as a wildlife corridor is 50 feet. Therefore, it is the opinion of Western Environment that the Larimer and Weld Canal will not be affected by the development. During the inspection vegetation on the site was dominated by native and invasive grasses including smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and weeds including rabbitbrush (Crysothamnus sp.), and dandelion (Tarxacum sp.). An irrigation ditch was present along the eastern property border. This ditch appeared to convey stormwater and irrigation runnoff from agricultural properties to the south to the Larimer and Weld Canal approximately 360 feet to the northeast. Two small elm trees (Ulmus sp.) Were observed along the ditch. No nests were observed within the trees. The City LUC recommends “the project ... be designed to preserve existing trees and vegetation that contribute to the site’s ecological, shade, canopy, aesthetic, habitat, and cooling value.” It is the opinion of Western Environment that the proposed development will not affect these trees. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -7- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. Table 1. Common name, scientific name, and status of federal and state threatened and endangered species that could occur or historically occurred in the Colorado Piedmont (CDOW, 2011; USFWS, 2011). Common Name Scientific Name Status1 Birds Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus ST Whooping crane Grus americana tabida FE, SE Least Tern Sterna antillarum FE, SE Mountain plover Charadrius montanus FPT, SC Piping plover Charadrius melodus FT, ST Mexican spotted owl Strix occidentalis lucida FT, ST Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesii SE Western burrowing owl Athene cunicularia ST Lesser Prairie Chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ST Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis SC Mammals Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes FE, SE Preble’s meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius preblei FT, ST Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis FT, SE Black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus SC Plants Ute ladies’-tresses Spiranthes diluvialis FT Western prairie fringed orchid Platanthera praeclara FT North Park phacelia Phacelia formosula FE Insects Arapahoe stonefly Capnia arapahoe FC 1 Status Codes: FE = Federally Endangered, FT = Federally Threatened, FPT = Federally Proposed as Threatened, FC = Federal Candidate, SE = State Endangered, ST = State Threatened, SC = State Concerned Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -8- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Wetlands No permanent waters or wetlands were observed on the subject property. An irrigation ditch was present along the eastern property border. At the time of the inspection, the ditch was dry. Vegetation on the site consisted of native and invasive upland grasses and weeds. Western Environment evaluated, to the best of our ability based upon site conditions at the time of the survey, the three components of a jurisdictional wetland as defined in the US Army Corp of Engineers, (ACOE) Wetland Delineation Manual (1987). These components are: 1) Vegetation, 2) Soil and 3) Hydrology. The ACOE Manual defines Nonwetlands as “including upland areas that are neither deepwater aquatic habitats, wetlands, nor other special aquatic sites. They are seldom or never inundated, or if frequently inundated, they have saturated soils for only brief periods during the growing season, and, if vegetated, they normally support a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life only in aerobic soil conditions.” The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into Waters of the U.S. under the authority of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Waters of the U.S. include ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streams, their surface connected wetlands and adjacent wetlands, certain lakes, ponds, drainage ditches and irrigation ditches that have a nexus to interstate commerce. Additionally, the Corps October 1999 Guidance (33 CFR Parts 323, 328 and 329) identified Non-jurisdictional areas excavated from uplands including drainage ditches, detention basins and retention ponds as normally not jurisdictional, primarily due to the lack of hydric soil development. It is the opinion of Western Environment that no Waters of the U.S. subject to Corps regulations under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act occur on the subject property. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -9- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 4.2 Wildlife Species Eliminated from Consideration as Occurring on the Project The following threatened and endangered species that have historically been thought to occur in Larimer County were immediately ruled out of consideration for this project based on available habitat: Mexican spotted owl, whooping crane, least tern, Canada lynx, black-footed ferret, North Park phacelia, western prairie fringed orchid and Arapahoe stonefly. The Mexican spotted owl was eliminated because it requires forests that are not present on the project. The whooping crane was also eliminated due to rarity in Colorado, and no known nesting or feeding habitat exists on or adjacent to the property. Less than 20 sightings of whooping cranes along the eastern plains and mountainous regions of Colorado have been recorded since 1931 (Andrews and Righter, 1992). The least tern inhabits sandy shorelines of reservoirs, lakes, and rivers with bare sandy shorelines. This shore bird is a casual to very rare spring and fall migrant on the northeastern plains of Colorado, and is unlikely to occur on the subject project. The Canada lynx is a rare forest-dwelling species of northern latitudes that feeds primarily on snowshoe hares. No lynx habitat or its prey exist on the subject site. The black- footed ferret, which was eradicated from the Colorado Piedmont, has only been recently reintroduced in small numbers in northern Larimer and Weld Counties. These are experimental populations under study by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The North Park phacelia is a herbaceous plant only found with North Park of Jackson County, Colorado. The species is limited to eroded soil outcrops of the Coalmont Formation. These habitats do not exist on the property. The western prairie fringe orchid is restricted to west of the Mississippi River, however only currently occurs in Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and in Manitoba, Canada (USFWS, 2015). The Arapahoe stonefly was designated a candidate for endangered species protection on May 9 th , 2012. However, On August 15 th , 2019, following a 12 month review, the USFWS determined that the Arapahoe stonefly is a hybrid between two other species and not a valid species or subspecies. Therefore, it is not a listable entity under the Endangered Species Act. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -10- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. Western burrowing owl, photo acquired on www.corbis.com. 4.3 Species Included in Survey Western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) State Threatened The burrowing owl is found primarily in eastern Colorado as a summer resident. Two aspects of the biology of the western burrowing owl appear to influence both its regional and local abundance: 1) it prefers areas of short vegetation, and 2) it rarely, if ever, digs its own burrows. This migratory species is most often seen in Colorado during the summer months. Historically, burrowing owls were common wherever there were prairie dog colonies in northeastern Colorado. During the inspection, no prairie dog colonies were observed on or adjacent to the property. Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) State Threatened The bald eagle was removed from the Federal Endangered and Threatened Species List on July 9 th , 2007. Western Environment reviewed data maintained by the Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife (CPW 2018) which identified an active nest approximately 2.55 miles to the east. In winter bald eagles are transient and use areas that provide feeding and roosting opportunities. No mature or old growth trees occur on the property, therefore, it is unlikely that any bald eagles use the site. Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) State Concerned Species Typical habitat characteristics of the mountain plover are a mixture of short vegetation, bare ground, and a flat topography at both breeding and wintering locations. This small shorebird breeds in Colorado, and in parts of its breeding range the species commonly shows a preference for prairie dog towns and sites that are heavily grazed by domestic livestock. Prairie Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -11- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. dog grazing promotes the short grasses that the plover prefers, and their digging creates areas of bare soil important for plover nesting. Mountain plovers were proposed for federal listing as threatened on February 16, 1999 (USFWS, 1999b), however the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service withdrew the proposal on September 8, 2003. Mountain plovers breed in Eastern Colorado from approximately April 1 st through August 1 st . No habitat conducive to Mountain Plovers was observed on the project. Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Federally Threatened, State Threatened This small shorebird can be found on very sparsely vegetated beaches, mudflats and sandy areas near water on shores and islands. Piping Plovers usually arrive in Colorado in late April or early May, and leave when the nesting cycle is completed, or by late August. Nesting populations have been documented in eastern Colorado along the South Platte and Arkansas River drainages. Food sources for Piping Plovers include insects, crustaceans and other small aquatic animals. Plovers feed along beaches, especially in areas where waves have washed up debris (CDOW, 1994). No known populations of the Piping Plover are known to occur in proximity to the subject project (CPW, 2018). Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesii) State Endangered The Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse historically occurred on Colorado’s eastern grasslands. Grouse habitat is characterized by rolling hills with Gambles oak, sage brush, service berries and grassy glades. This grouse is a resident from Alaska east to the Hudson Bay, and south to northern New Mexico. Currently, Colorado populations occur in Douglas County, northern and eastern Weld County, and Logan County east of Sterling. No known populations of the Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse are known to occur in proximity to the subject project (CPW, 2018). Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -12- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. Lesser Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) State Threatened Historically, this bird occupied the grasslands of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas and southeastern Colorado. It prefers sandy grassland areas abundant in midgrasses, sandsage and yucca. The majority of Colorado breeding pairs occur in the southeastern portion of the state in Baca, Prowers, Kiowa and Cheyenne Counties, and for the most part, on the Comanche National Grasslands near Campo. No known populations of the Lesser Prairie Chicken are known to occur in proximity to the subject project (CDOW, 2015). Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) State Concerned This hawk is known to occur throughout eastern Colorado and in northwestern Colorado. In Colorado, the species is a common winter resident, but is considered an uncommon summer resident on the eastern plains (Andrews and Righter, 1992). Areas that could be potential nesting sites include large trees, rock outcrops, manmade structures such as windmills and power poles, or the ground. These birds often can be seen associated with prairie dog colonies, which they utilize for foraging. This hawk, as are all birds of prey, is federally protected under the Migratory Bird Species Act. No Ferruginous Hawk habitat was observed on or near the site. Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) Federally Threatened, State Threatened Typical Preble’s habitat has been described as “well-developed plains riparian vegetation with relatively undisturbed grassland and a water source in close proximity,” and “dense herbaceous vegetation consisting of a variety of grasses, forbs and thick shrubs” (Armstrong et al., 1997). Although any vegetation could offer cover and hibernacula for Preble’s, the species is mostly known from habitat containing shrub cover, such as willow or narrow-leaf cottonwood. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -13- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. Preble’s meadow jumping mouse Ute Ladies’-Tresses Orchid Preble’s are known to regularly range outward into adjacent uplands to feed and hibernate. For this reason, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service generally requires a 300 foot development buffer from the edge of the 100 year flood plain. The property is not located within 300 feet of the flood plain. Additionally, no permanent water source is present on the property. Therefore, it is the opinion of Western Environment that the proposed development will not impact Preble’s or its habitat. Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) Former Candidate for Federal Listing, State Concerned The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was petitioned to list the black-tailed prairie dog as a threatened species in July of 1998. The agency determined on February 3, 2000, that listing the species was warranted, but it is precluded by other species in greater need of protection (USFWS, 2000). The black-tailed prairie dog was added to the candidate list, and the species’ status was reviewed annually. On August 12, 2004 the USFWS determined that the black-tailed prairie dog no longer meets the Endangered Species Act definition as threatened, and was removed as a candidate for federal listing. No prairie dogs were observed on or adjacent to the property. Ute Ladies’-Tresses Orchid (Spiranthes diluvialis) Federally Threatened This orchid usually occurs in “...old stream channels, alluvial terraces, wet meadows, and other sites where the soil is saturated to within 18" of the surface at least temporarily during the growing seasons” (USFWS, 1992). The eastern Colorado populations of species are located in mesic riparian meadows in relict tall grass prairie areas near Boulder Creek, South Boulder Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -14- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. Creek, and Saint Vrain Creek in Boulder County, Colorado, and in mesic meadows in the riparian woodland under story along Clear Creek in Jefferson County, Colorado (USFWS 50 CFR Part 17). One population was historically identified in Weld County east of Greeley near Crow Creek in 1856, but is now considered extirpated. Soil conditions and vegetation composition of known Spiranthes sites suggest that wetlands regulated by the Corps under the Clean Water Act qualify as potential Spiranthes habitat. No perennial waters occur on the property, nor is Spiranthes designated Critical Habitat. It is the opinion of Western Environment that Spiranthes does not inhabit the project. Other Wildlife No other wildlife was observed on the property during the inspection. However, an active great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) nest was observed in a row of trees on the property adjacent to the south. The USFWS recommends a seasonal restriction to human encroachment or development within 660 feet of a verified active nest from January 1 st through August 1 st . If development is to occur within these times, Western Environment recommends verification the nest remains active and, if needed, consultation with the USFWS. View of great horned owl nest Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -15- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS At the time of the survey, no threatened or endangered species or their obvious habitat were seen on the subject site. Additionally, no Waters of the U.S. subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act occur on the project. • An active great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) nest was observed in a row of trees on the property adjacent to the south. The USFWS recommends a seasonal restriction to human encroachment or development within 660 feet of a verified active nest from January 1st through August 1 st . If development is to occur within these times, Western Environment recommends verification the nest remains active and, if needed, consultation with the USFWS. No other Ecological Issues were found. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Report - 1012 Northeast Frontage Road, Forth Collins, Colorado Page -16- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. 6.0 LITERATURE CITED Andrews, R. and R. Righter. 1992. Colorado birds: a reference to their distribution and habitat. Denver Museum of Natural History. Denver. 442 pp. Armstrong, D.M., M.E. Bakeman, A. Deans, C.A. Meaney, and T.R. Ryon. 1997. Conclusions and recommendations in: Report on habitat findings on the Preble’s meadow jumping mouse. Edited by M. E. Bakeman. Report to USFWS and Colorado Division of Wildlife. Bechard, M.J., Knight, D.G., Smith, and R.E. Fitzner. 1990. Nest sites and habitats of sypatric hawks (Buteo spp.) Washington Journal of Field Ornithology 61:159-170. Colorado Division of Wildlife. 1999. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Wildlife Colorado Division of Wildlife. November 2003. Conservation Plan for Grassland Species in Colorado. Colorado Grassland Species Working Group. November 2003. Denver, Co. Colorado Division of Wildlife. 2015. Natural Diversity Information Source Maps. Last Updated September, 2015. Colorado Native Plant Society. 1997. Rare plants of Colorado, 2 nd edition. Falcon Press® Publishing Co., Inc. and Rocky Mountain Nature Association in cooperation with Colorado Native Plant Society. Helena, Montana and Estes Park, Colorado. 105 pp. Colorado Natural Heritage Program. January 2005. Pawnee Montane Skipper Post-fire Habitat Assessment Survey, September 2004. Fitzgerald, J.P., C.A. Meaney, and D.M. Armstrong. 1994. Mammals of Colorado. Denver Museum of Natural History and University Press of Colorado. Niwot, Colorado. 467 pp. Graul, W.D. 1975. Breeding biology of the mountain plover. Wilson Bulletin 87:6-31. Hoogland, John L. 1995. The Black-tailed Prairie Dog. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. Jennings, W.F. 1989. Final report. Species studied: Eustoma grandiflorum, Spiranthes diluvialis, Malaxis brachypoda, Hypoxis hirsuta, Physaria bellii, Aletes humilis. Unpublished report prepared for the Nature Conservancy under the Colorado Natural History Small Grants Program. The Nature Conservancy, Boulder, Colorado. 48 pp. General Ecological Resource Survey - 100.57 Acres within Section 1, Township 4 North, Range 69 West, Larimer County, CO Page -17- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. Jennings, W.F. 1990. Final report. Species studied: Spiranthes diluvialis, Sisyrinchium pallidum. Unpublished report prepared for The Nature Conservancy under the Colorado Natural History Small Grants Program. The Nature Conservancy, Boulder, Colorado. 29 pp. Jones, S.R. 1998. Burrowing owl. Pages 220-221 in H.E. Kingery, ed. Colorado breeding bird atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership. Denver. Kingery, H.E. 1998. Colorado breeding bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership. Denver. Long, Kim. Prairie Dogs, A Wildlife Handbook, Johnson Books, Boulder, 2002. National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands, Region 4, 5, and 8, Resource Management Group, Inc., Michigan, 1994. Nichols, F.E. and J.A. Daley. 1995. 1995 Prairie Dog Counts on the Cathy Fromme Prairie. Professional report submitted to the Fort Collins Natural Resources Department. 8p. Remote Sensing Research. 1996. 1996 Coyote Ridge Prairie Dog Study. Professional report submitted to the City of Fort Collins Natural Resources Department. Sibley, David Allen. 2000. The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. New York. Tileston, J.V., and R.R. Lechleitner. 1966. Some Comparisons of the Black-tailed and White- tailed Prairie Dogs in North-central Colorado. American Midland Naturalist 75:292-316. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Adams County, Colorado. Historical Replica, October 1974. U.S. Department of Agriculture, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA U.S. Department of Agriculture. No date. Midwestern wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Page http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/othrdata/plntguid/plntguid.htm (Version 16JUL97). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6, Pawnee Montane Skipper Butterfly Recovery Plan. September, 1998 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Colorado Field Office, Federally Listed and Candidate Species and Their Status in Colorado, August 21, 2001. General Ecological Resource Survey - 100.57 Acres within Section 1, Township 4 North, Range 69 West, Larimer County, CO Page -18- Western Environment and Ecology, Inc. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Interim Survey Guidelines for Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Interim Survey Requirements for Spiranthes Diluvialis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999b. Services proposes to list mountain plover as threatened. News Release 99-02. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fish and Wildlife Service Proposes to Remove the Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse from the Endangered Species List, News Release. Jan. 28, 2005. Whitson, Tom, et al. 2000. Weeds of the West. Western Society of Weed Science, Newark, CA. USGS The National Map: Orthoimagery. Data refreshed April, 2019. 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