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HomeMy WebLinkAboutReports - Soils - 10/22/2025 Report Cover Page Prepared for: Big D Oil Company PO Box 1378 Rapid City, South Dakota 57702 Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements Geotechnical Engineering Report Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials i Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Project Description .......................................................................................... 1 Site Conditions ................................................................................................ 3 Geotechnical Characterization ......................................................................... 4 Subsurface Profile ..................................................................................... 4 Groundwater Conditions ............................................................................. 5 Seismic Site Class ............................................................................................ 6 Corrosivity ...................................................................................................... 7 Geotechnical Overview .................................................................................... 8 Existing, Undocumented Fill ........................................................................ 8 Shallow Groundwater ................................................................................ 9 Expansive/Compressible Soils and Bedrock ................................................... 9 Low Strength and Low Relative Density Soils ................................................. 9 Foundation Recommendations .................................................................... 10 Pavements .............................................................................................. 10 Earthwork ..................................................................................................... 11 Demolition .............................................................................................. 11 Site Preparation ....................................................................................... 11 Excavation .............................................................................................. 12 Subgrade Preparation ............................................................................... 13 Subgrade Stabilization .............................................................................. 14 Fill/Embankment Material Types ................................................................. 15 Fill/Embankment Placement and Compaction Requirements ............................ 16 Utility Trench Backfill ............................................................................... 17 Grading and Drainage ............................................................................... 18 Exterior Slab Design and Construction ......................................................... 19 Earthwork Construction Considerations ....................................................... 19 Construction Observation and Testing ......................................................... 20 Shallow Foundations ..................................................................................... 20 Reinforced Mats – Design Recommendations ................................................ 20 Shallow Foundation Construction Considerations ........................................... 23 Below-Grade Structures ................................................................................. 24 Lateral Earth Pressures ................................................................................. 24 Design Parameters ................................................................................... 24 Pavements .................................................................................................... 26 General Pavement Comments .................................................................... 26 Pavements – Subgrade Preparation ............................................................ 26 Pavements – Design Reccomendations ........................................................ 26 Full -Depth Composite Asphalt Pavement Section Thickness ............................ 27 Pavements – Construction Considerations .................................................... 28 Pavements – Maintenance ......................................................................... 29 Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials ii General Comments ........................................................................................ 29 Figures GeoModel Attachments Exploration and Testing Procedures Site Location and Exploration Plans Exploration and Laboratory Test Results Supporting Information Note: This report was originally delivered in a web -based format. Blue Bold text in the report indicates a referenced section heading. The PDF version also includes hyperlinks which direct the reader to that section and clicking on the logo will bring you back to this page. For more interactive features, please view your project online at client.terracon.com . Refer to each individual Attachment for a listing of contents. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 1 Introduction This report presents the results of our subsurface exploration and Geotechnical Engineering services performed for the proposed public roadway planned to extend the W. Frontage Road south from the intersection with East Harmony Road and the proposed lift station planned along the new roadway to be construction at the site with an address of 4315 East Harmony Road in Fort Collins, Colorado . The purpose of these services was to provide information and geotechnical engineering recommendations relative to: ■ Sub surface soil conditions ■ Groundwater conditions ■ Seismic site classification per IBC ■ Site preparation and earthwork ■ Demolition considerations ■ Dewatering considerations ■ Foundation design and construction for the lift station ■ Lateral earth pressures for the lift station ■ Pavement design and construction for the new public roadway The geotechnical engineering Scope of Services for this project included the advancement of test borings (designated as Boring Nos. B -1 through B -12), laboratory testing, engineering analysis, and preparation of this report. Drawings showing the site and boring locations are presented in the Site Location and Exploration Plan section of this report . The results of the laboratory testing performed on soil samples obtained from the site during our field exploration are included on the boring logs and as separate graphs in the Exploration Results section. A separate report utilizing the same project data was issued (see our Geotechnical Engineering Report dated October 21, 2025 ; Terracon Project No. 20255045 ) to provide geotechnical recommendations for the planned convenience store and fuel ing station (see Boring Nos. B -1 through B -5 and B-7) within the Harmony Lakes development. Project Description Our initial understanding of the project was provided in our proposal and was discussed during project planning. A period of collaboration has transpired since the project was initiated, and our final understanding of the project conditions is as follows: Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 2 Item Description Information Provided The project information described below is based on the following: ■ Communications with Kristin Turner at TB Group ■ Site plan provided by TB Group dated April 5th, 2024 ■ Conceptual layout provided by Bulldog Engineering dated March 7th, 2024 ■ Communication with Andy Reese at Kimley-Horn and Associates (KHA) Project Description We understand the proposed project consists of the construction of a public road to extend the W. Frontage Road south from the intersection with East Harmony Road . The roadway alignment will be west of the proposed Big D Oil convenience store and fuel ing station. The roadway alignment is anticipated to be about 750 to 900 feet in length. We understand the roadway will be two lanes wide and likely have right and left turn lanes. We assumed the new roadway is classified as a major collector. Due to the requirements presented in Chapter 5.1.1 Section B of LCUASS (Larimer County Urban Area Street Standards), two separate soil exploration phases for the public roadway portion of this project are required . This report entails the findings of the initial exploration as described in Chapter 5.1.1 Section A and Chapt er 5.2.1 Section A of LCUASS . The final, or second, soil exploration for the public roadway will need to occur after grading and utility installation is complete per LCUASS. A separate report will be required for the final exploration upon completion of the roadway. Terracon can provide this service upon request. A lift station is also planned as part of the Harmony Lakes development. The dimensions of the lift station were unavailable at the time of this report. Therefore, we have a ssumed the structure wil l have dimensions of about 15 feet by 15 feet or less. We understand the lift station will extend about 15 to 20 feet below existing grades. We have assumed it will be constructed of reinforced concrete and be supported on a reinforced concrete mat foundation system. Grading/Slopes Grading plans were not provided to Terracon at the time of this proposal. We anticipate cuts and fills on the order of 5 feet or less will be required to achieve proposed grades along the roadway alignment . We also anticipate deeper cuts and fills could be required for utility construction. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 3 Item Description Below-Grade Structures The p roposed lift station is planned to extend about 15 to 20 feet below existing grades. Pavements New pavements for the proposed publi c roadway are planned as part of this project and will likely consist of flexible asphalt pavement. Pavements for the new public roadway will be designed in accordance with LCUASS requirements. Based on an assumed roadway classification of a major collector , we have used an Equivalent Daily Load Application (EDLA) value of 50 per LCUASS to estimate anticipated traffic loads . A pavement design period of 20 years was used in the pavement thickness analysis. Terracon should be notified if any of the above information is inconsistent with the planned construction as modifications to our recommendations may be necessary. Site Conditions The following description of site conditions is derived from our site visit in association with the field exploration . Item Description Parcel Information The project site is located at 4315 East Harmony Road in Fort Collins, Colorado. Latitude/Longitude (approximate): 40.52232 ° N, 104.99631° W (see Site Location ). Existing Improvements Current improvements include greenhouse systems, warehouses, office buildings, parking areas, and driveways. An existing gas station is located on the north side of the property. Based on historical aerial imagery from 2006, the eastern side of the property appeared to consist of a pond. By 2009, the northern portion of the pond appeared to be filled in . Sand mining and regr ading has possibly taken place on the property. Current Ground Cover Portions of the western areas of the property are aggregate surfaced or paved with asphalt. The eastern side of the property is mainly earthen fields with some vegetation and aggregate surfaced driveways . Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 4 Item Description Existing Topography Based on publicly available USGS topographic maps and a site plan provided by TB Group, ground surface elevations at the project site slope from the northwest down towards the southeast with a total change in elevation of about 10 feet across the site. Geotechnical Characterization We have developed a general characterization of the subsurface conditions based upon our review of the subsurface exploration, laboratory data, geologic setting , and our understanding of the project. This characterization, termed GeoModel, forms the basis of our geotechnical calculations and evaluation of the site. Conditions observed at each exploration point are indicated on the individual logs. The individual l ogs can be found in the Exploration Results and the GeoModel can be found in the Figures attachment of this report. Subsurface Profile As part of our analyses, we identified the following model layers within the subsurface profile. For a more detailed view of the model layer depths at each boring location, refer to the GeoModel. Model Layer Layer Name General Description 1 Existing Surfacing Materials About 3 to 19 inches of aggregate surfacing in Boring Nos. B-1 to B-5, B-7 to B-9, B-11, and B-12. About 3.25 inches of asphalt in Boring No. B -6. 2 Existing Fill Consisted primarily of clay soils with variable amounts of sand and gravel or sand soils with variable amounts of clay and gravel. Encountered in Boring Nos. B -1, B-2, and B-4 to B-12. 3 Clay Soils Very soft to stiff clay soils with variable amounts of sand and gravel. 4 Sand Soils Very loose to very dense sand soils with variable amounts of fines and gravel. 5 Bedrock Medium hard to very hard claystone bedrock. As noted in General Comments, this characterization is based upon widely spaced exploration points across the site and variations are likely. Stratification boundaries on Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 5 the boring logs represent the approximate location of changes in material types; in situ, the transition between materials may be gradual. Based on our experience in the area and the results of the laboratory testing, the on -site clayey soils are considered to have low expansive potential or to be slightly compressible. The claystone bedrock is considered to have low to moderate expansive potential. Laboratory test results are presented in Exploration Results. Groundwater Conditions The boreholes were observed while drilling and shortly after completion for the presence and level of groundwater. In addition, delayed water levels were also obtained in some borings. The water levels observed in the boreholes are noted on the attached boring logs and are summarized in the following table . Boring Number Depth to Groundwater While Drilling, ft. Depth to Groundwater After Drilling, ft. Depth to Groundwater Approximately 24 Hours After Drilling, ft. Approx. Elevation of Groundwater After Drilling, ft.1 B-1 14 9.9 Boring backfilled ±4,837 B-2 14 8.6 Boring backfilled ±4,839½ B-3 7 4.9 Boring backfilled ±4,841 B-4 14 6.3 Boring backfilled ±4,842½ B-5 7 10 7.3 ±4,839½ B-6 7 Not measured Boring backfilled -- B-7 7 7.3 Boring backfilled ±4,839½ B-8 7 Not measured Boring backfilled -- B-9 9 3.2 Boring backfilled ±4,840 B-10 Not encountered while drilling 2.2 ±4,840 Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 6 Boring Number Depth to Groundwater While Drilling, ft. Depth to Groundwater After Drilling, ft. Depth to Groundwater Approximately 24 Hours After Drilling, ft. Approx. Elevation of Groundwater After Drilling, ft.1 B-11 14 9.0 Boring backfilled ±4,839 B-12 7 9.5 3.7 ±4,841½ 1. Elevation of groundwater is based on the ground surface elevations at the boring locations interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. These observations represent relatively short -term groundwater conditions at the time of and after completion of the field exploration and may not be indicative of other times or at other locations. Long -term groundwater monitoring was outside the scope of services for this project. Groundwater level fluctuations occur due to seasonal variations in the water levels present in nearby water features, amount of rainfall, runoff, and other factors not evident at the time the borings were performed. Therefore, groundwater levels during con struction or at other times in the life of the structure may be higher or lower than the levels indicated on the boring logs. The possibility of groundwater level fluctuations should be considered when developing the design and construction plans for the p roject. Seismic Site Class The seismic design requirements for buildings and other structures are based on Seismic Design Category. Site Classification is required to determine the Seismic Design Category for a structure. The Site Classification is based on the upper 100 feet of the site profile defined by a weighted average value of either shear wave velocity, standard penetration resistance, or undrained shear strength in accordance with Section 20.4 of ASCE 7 and the International Building Code (IBC). Based on the soil and bedrock properties observed at the site as described on the exploration logs and laboratory test results, our professional opinion is a Seismic Site Classification of D be considered for the lift station portion of this project. Subsurface explorations at this site were extended to a maximum depth of about 34½ feet. The site properties below the boring depth to 100 feet were estimated based on our experience and knowledge of geologic conditions of the general area. Additional deeper borings or geophysical testi ng may be performed to confirm the conditions below the current boring depth. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 7 Corrosivity The table below lists the results of laboratory soluble sulfate, soluble chloride , sulfides, electrical resistivity, RedOx , and pH testing. The values may be used to estimate potential corrosive characteristics of the on -site soils with respect to contact with the various underground materials which will be used for project construction. Corrosivity Test Results Summary Boring (Sample Depth) Soluble Sulfate (%) Soluble Chloride (%) Sulfides Total Salts (%) Electrical Resistivity (Ω-cm)1 Redox (mV) pH B-1 (1-5 feet) 0.0405 - - - - - - B-2 (1-5 feet ) 0.0102 0.0061 Nil 0.0935 1,500 234 8.47 B-4 (1-5 feet ) 0.0378 - - - - - - B-8 (1-5 feet ) 0.0120 0.0016 Nil 0.0466 4,200 244 8.5 B-10 (1-5 feet ) 0.0228 - - - - - - 1. Laboratory electrical resistivity testing was performed on saturated soil samples. Results of water-soluble sulfate testing indicate Exposure Class S0 according to ACI (American Concrete Institute) 318. Therefore, ASTM Type I or II portland cement or Type IL portland -limestone cement can be specified for all project concrete on and below grade. Foundation concrete can be designed fo r low sulfate exposure in accordance with the provisions of the ACI 318. Numerous sources are available to characterize corrosion potential to buried metals using the parameters above. ANSI/AWWA is commonly used for ductile iron, while threshold values for evaluating the effect on steel can be specific to the buried feature (e.g., piling, culverts, welded wire reinforcement, etc.) or agency for which the work is performed. Imported fill materials may have significantly different properties than the site materials noted above and should be evaluated if expected to be in contact w ith metals used for construction. Consultation with a NACE certified corrosion professional is recommended for buried metals on the site. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 8 Geotechnical Overview Based on subsurface conditions encountered in the boring s, the site appears suitable for the proposed construction from a geotechnical point of view provided certain precautions and design and construction recommendations described in this report are followed and the owner understands the inherent risks associated with construction on sites underlain by expansive /compressible soils and bedrock. We have identified several geotechnical conditions that could impact design, construction , and performance of the proposed pavements and lift station structure . These included existing, undocumented fill , shallow groundwater, expansive/compressible soils and bedrock, and potentially soft, low strength clay soils and loose, low relative density sand soils . These conditions will require particular attention in project planning, design , and during construction and are discussed in greater detail in the following sections. Existing, Undocumented Fill Existing, undocumented fill was encountered to depths up to about 7 feet in all borings drilled at the site except Boring No. B-3. Existing fill could exist at other locations on the site and extend to greater depths. We do not possess any information regarding whether the fill was placed under the observation of a geotechnical engineer. Therefore, we consider the fill as undocumented. Undocumented fill can present a greater than normal risk of post -construction movement of foundations, on-grade slabs, pavements, and other site improvements (if any) supported on or above these materials. Consequently, existing fill within the project limits should not be relied up on for support of shallow foundations, slabs, pavements , or other site improvements . A low risk alternative is complete removal of existing fill down to native soil below foundations, slabs, pavements, and other site improvements and replaced with moisture conditioned, properly compacted engineered fill /embankment prior to new fill/embankment placement and/or new construction. If the owner is willing to accept greater than normal risk of movement below the planned pavements, existing fill can be left in place below pavements. If the owner elects to construct pavements on the existing fill to reduce initial construction costs , the following protocol should be followed. At a minimum, we recommend the subgrade soils below new pavements be scarified as discussed in the Subgrade Preparation section of Earthwork prior to placing new engineered fill /embankment or constructing new pavements. We also recommend thoroughly proof rolling the prepared subgrade prior to placing aggregate base course and/or pavement materials . Areas exhibiting significant deflection and/or pumping during the proof roll will need to be repaired prior to pavement construction. Once the planned subgrade elevation has been reached, the entire pavement area should be proof rolled. Areas of soft or o therwise unsuitable material should be undercut and replaced with either new engineered fill /embankment or suitable, existing on -site materials. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 9 Shallow Groundwater As previously presented, groundwater was measured at depths ranging from about 2.2 to 14 feet below existing site grades . In general, measured groundwater levels were shallowest on the eastern portion of the site in the vicinity of Boring Nos. B -3, B-9, and B-10, and in Boring No. B -12. It is also possible and likely that groundwater levels below this site may rise as water levels in neighboring bodies of water and/or the Cache la Poudre River rise. We understand a below -grade lift station is planned on the west side of the new roadway alignment. We anticipate the lift station will extend about 15 to 20 feet below existing grades. Terracon recommends maintaining a separation of at least 3 feet (or less if stable conditions at the subgrade bearing levels can be maintained during construction) between the bottom of proposed below -grade foundations and measured groundwater levels during construction and post-construction , if possible. The purpose of this is to allow for construction “in the dry”. Where below-grade structures such as the planned lift station extend below anticipated groundwater levels and permanent dewatering is not planned, these below -grade structures will need to be designed as water-tight and resistant to buoyant forces. Temporary construction dewatering and the development of a sufficien t dewatering plan by a dewatering contractor may be needed. Design and installation of a permanent subsur face drainage system may also be needed. Expansive /Compressible Soils and Bedrock Expansive/compressible soils and bedrock are present on this site; however, our experience in the area and the laboratory test results indicate on -site soils are generally low swelling or slightly compressible. The claystone bedrock is generally considered low to moderately swelling. This report provides recommendations to help mitigate the effects of soil shrinkage and expansion. However, even if these procedures are followed, some movement and cracking in the structure, pavements, and flatwork is possible. The severity of cracking and other damage such as uneven slabs and flatwork will probably increase if modification of the site results in excessive wetting or drying of the expansive/compressible soils and/or claystone bedrock . Eliminating the risk of movement and cosmetic distress is generally not feasible . It is imperative that the recommendations described in the Grading and Drainage section of Earthwork be followed to reduce potential movement. Low Strength and Low Relative Density Soils Comparatively soft, low strength clay soils were encountered at a depth of about 7 feet in Boring Nos. B-2, B-4, and B -9 and a depth of about 4 feet in Boring No. 10. Comparatively loose, low relative density sand soils were encountered within the upper approximately 4 feet of Boring Nos. B-5 and B-7 and at depths of about 7 to 14 feet of Boring Nos. B-10 and B -11 completed at this site . These materials present a risk for potential settlement of shallow foundations, on -grade slabs, pavements and other surficial improvements. These materials can also be susceptible to disturbance and loss Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 10 of strength under repeated construction traffic loads and unstable conditions could develop. Stabilization of soft /loose soils may be required at some locations to provide adequate support for construction equipment and proposed structures. Consequently, Terracon recommends a contingency be provided in the construction budget to stabilize and correct weak/unstable subgrade. Terracon should be contacted if these conditions are encountered to observe the conditions exposed and to provide guidance regarding stabilization (if needed). Foundation Recommendations Based on our communication with the design team, we understand the lift station structure will extend below grade about 15 to 20 feet and be supported on a shallow, reinforced concrete mat foundation . At th ese depths, dense sand with gravel and very hard claystone bedrock was encountered in Boring No . B-12. Therefore, the lift station can be supported on a reinforced concrete mat foundation bearing directly on the dense sand with gravel or if the final bottom elevation of the lift station is less than 2 feet above the top of bedrock elevation , then we recommend the bedrock below the foundation bearing elevation should be over-excavated to allow for construction of at least a 2 -foot-thick l ayer of moisture conditioned, properly compacted recycled concrete base course over the claystone bedrock. The mat foundation should then bear directly on the layer of recycled co ncrete base course. The recycled concrete base course layer should help provide a more uniform bearing subgrade for the lift station and reduce the potential risk for movements from the bedrock once exposed and wetted. Design recommendations for foundations for the proposed structure and related structural elements are presented in the Shallow Foundations section of this report. Pavements Our opinion of pavement section thickness design has been developed based on our understanding of the intended use, assumed traffic, and subgrade preparation recommended herein per LCUASS standards using the 1993 AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Tr ansportation Officials) pavement design methodology presented in the LCUASS manual. The Pavements section includes our recommendations regarding minimum pavement component thickness es. The recommendations contained in this report are based upon the results of field and laboratory testing (presented in the Exploration Results ), engineering analyses, and our current understanding of the proposed project. The General Comments section provides an understanding of the report limitations. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 11 Earthwork Earthwork is anticipated to include demolition, site preparation, excavations, evaluation of existing fill, subgrade preparation , soil stabilization (if needed) and engineered fill/embankment placement. The following sections provide recommendations for use in the preparation of specifications for the project . Recommendations include critical quality criteria, as necessary, to render the site in the state considered in our geotechnical engineering evaluation for foundations and pavements. Demolition Demolition/removal of any existing site imp rovements or features (such as existing structures, pavements or surfacing materials , utilities, etc.) should include complete removal of all below -grade structural elements (if any), pavements, and exterior flatwork (if any) within the proposed construction area. This should include removal of any utilities to be abandoned along with any loose utility trench backfill or loose backfill found adjacent to existing foundations. All materials derived from the demolition of existing structures and pavements should be removed from the site. The types of foundation systems supporting the existing structures at the site are not known. If any of the existing buildings are supported by drilled piers, the existing piers should be truncated a minimum depth of 3 feet below areas of planned new construction. Consideration could be given to re -using demolished asphalt and concrete (if any) as engineered fill/embankment provided the materials are processed and uniformly blended with the on -site soils. Asphalt and/or concrete materials when used as fill/embankment should be processed to a maximum size of 2 inches and blended at a ratio of 30 percent asphalt/concrete to 70 percent of on -site soils . Site Preparation Prior to placing fill/embankment, existing vegetation, topsoil, root mats, aggreg ate surfacing, and pavements should be removed. Complete stripping of the topsoil should be performed in the proposed lift station and pavement areas. As previously stated, we also recommend complete removal of existing, undocumented fill within proposed building/structure areas. Existing fill was encountered in our borings extending to depths of about 2 to 7 feet below existing site grades. Existing fill need not be removed from below new pavements i f the owner is willing to accept greater than normal risk of movement below the planned pavements to reduce initial construction costs and the subgrade preparat ion recommendations presented in the Existing, Undocument ed Fill section of Geotechnical Overv iew are followed. Stripped organic materials should be wasted from the site or used to re -vegetate landscaped areas or exposed slopes after completion of grading operations. Prior to the Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 12 placement of fill/embankment, the site should be graded to create a relatively level surface to receive fill /embankment , and to provide for a relatively uniform thickness of fill/embankment beneath proposed structures and pavements. Any mature trees located within or near the proposed roadway alignment or the footprint area of t he proposed lift station will require removal at the onset of construction. Tree root systems can remove substantial moisture from surrounding soils. Where trees are removed, the full root ball and all associated dry and desiccated soils should be removed. The soil materials which contain less than 5 percent organics can be reused as engineered fill/embankment provided the material is moisture conditioned and properly compacted. Although no evidence of underground facilities (such as septic tanks, cesspools, basements, and utilities) was observed during the exploration and site reconnaissance, such features could be encountered during construction. If unexpected fills or underground facilities are encountered, such features should be removed, and the excavation thoroughly cleaned prior to backfill placement and/or construction. Excavation We anticipate excavations for the proposed construction can be accomplished with conventional earthmoving equipment. Excavations into the on -site soils will encounter weak, soft /loose, and/or saturated soil conditions with possible caving conditions . The bottom of excavations should be thoroughly cleaned of loose soils and disturbed materials prior to fill/embankment placement and/or construction. The soils to be excavated can vary significantly across the site as their classifications are based solely on the materials encountered in widely -spaced exploratory test borings. The contractor should verify that similar conditions exist throughout the pro posed area of excavation. If different subsurface conditions are encountered at the time of construction, the actual conditions should be evaluated to determine any excavation modifications necessary to maintain safe conditions. Excavation penetrating several feet into the bedrock (if any) may require the use of specialized heavy -duty equipment, together with ripping or jack -hammering to advance the excavation and facilitate rock break -up and removal. However, field penetration resistance test results indicate the upper approximately 1 to 2 feet of bedrock may be comparatively easier to excavate with conventional equipment. Consideration should be given to obtaining a unit price for difficult excavation in the contract documents for the project. Any over-excavation extending below the bottom of foundation elevation should extend laterally beyond all edges of the foundations at least 8 inches per foot of over - excavation depth below the foundation base elevation. The over -excavation should be Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 13 backfilled to the foundation base elevation in accordance with the recommendations presented in this report. Depending upon depth of excavation and seasonal conditions, surface water infiltration and/or groundwater may be encountered in excavations on the site. We anticipate pumping from sumps may be utilized to control water within excavations. Well points may be required for significant groundwater flow, or where excavations penetrate groundwater to a significant depth. The subgrade soil conditions should be evaluated during the excavation process and the stability of the soils determined at that time by the contractors’ Competent Person as defined by OSHA. Slope inclinations flatter than the OSHA maximum values may have to be used. The individual contractor(s) should be made responsible for designing and constructing stable, temporary excavations as required to maintain stability of both the excavation sides and bottom. All excavations should be sloped or shored in the in terest of safety following local, and federal regulations, including current OSHA excavation and trench safety standards. If any excavation, including a utility trench, is extended to a depth of more than 20 feet, it will be necessary to have the side slopes and/or shoring system designed by a professional engineer. As a safety measure, we recommend all vehicles and soil piles be kept a t a minimum lateral distance from the crest of the slope equal to the slope height. The exposed slope face should be protected against the elements. Subgrade Preparation Based on the results of the laboratory testing, the on -site clayey soils are considered to have low expansive potential . Therefore, no additional swell mi tigation measures w ill be required below new pavements for this project according to Section 5.7 .2 of the LCUASS manual. After site preparation , removal of existing , undocumented fill (if required), and completion of any required undercuts and recommended over-excavations below structures and pavements , the top 12 inches of the exposed ground surface should be scarified, moisture conditioned, and compacted to at least 95 percent of the maximum dry unit weight as determined by AASHTO T99 before any new fill/embankment , foundations, and pavements are placed or constructed. Medium h ard to very hard bedrock materials encountered at the bottom of excavations do not require scarification and compaction prior to placement of engineered fill /embankment and/or new construction . Large areas of prepared subgrade should be proof rolled prior to new construction. Proof rolling is not required in areas which are inaccessible to proof rolling equipment. Subgrades should be proof rolled with an adequately loaded vehicle such as a fully - Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 14 loaded tandem-axle dump truck. Proof rolling should be performed under the observation of the Geotechnical Engineer or representative. Areas excessively deflecting under the proof roll should be delineated and subsequently addressed by the Geotechnical Engineer. Excessively wet or dry material should also either be removed and replaced with engineered fill/embankment or scarified, moisture conditioned , and compacted. Our experience indicates the subgrade materials below existing pavements and flatwork after demolition will likely have relatively high moisture content and will tend to deflect and deform (pump) under construction traffic wheel loads. After removal of existing pavements and flatwork, the contractor should expect unstable subgrade materials will need to be stabilized prior to fill placement and/or construction. Consequently, Terracon recommends a contingency be provided in the construction budget to stabilize and correct weak/unstable subgrade. After the bottom of excavation or subgrade has been prepared as recommended above, engineered fill/embankment can be placed to bring the subgrade below the proposed lift station or pavement subgrade to the desired grade. Engineered fill /embankment should be placed in accordance with the recommendations presented in subsequent sections of this report. Subgrade Stabilization Methods of subgrade stabilization/improvement, as described below, could include scarification, moisture conditioning and compaction, removal of unstable materials and replacement with granular fill (with or without geosynthetics), and chemical treatment. The appropriate method of improvement, if required, would be dependent on factors such as schedule, weather, the size of area to be stabilized, and the nature of the instability. More detailed recommendations can be provided during construction as the need for subgrade stabilization occurs . Performing site grading operations during warm seasons and dry periods would help reduce the amount of subgrade stabilization required. If the exposed subgrade is unstable during proof rolling operations, it could be stabilized using one of the methods described below. ■ Scarification and Compaction - It may be feasible to scarify, dry, and compact the exposed soils. The success of this procedure would depend primarily upon favorable weather and sufficient time to dry the soils. Stable subgrades likely would not be achievable if the thickness of the unstable soil is greater than about 1 foot, if the unstable soil is at or near groundwater levels, or if construction is performed during a period of wet or cool weather when drying is difficult. ■ Crushed Stone - The use of crushed stone or crushed concrete is a common procedure to improve subgrade stability. Typical undercut depths would be Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 15 expected to range from about 6 to 18 inches below finished subgrade elevation. Crushed stone and/or concrete can be tracked or “crowded” into the unstable subgrade until a stable working surface is attained. The use of high modulus geosynthetics (i.e., geotextile or geogrid) could also be considered after underground work such as utility construction is completed. Prior to placing the geosynthetic, we recommend all below -grade construction, such as utility line installation, be completed to avoid damaging the geosynthetic. Equipment should not be operated above the geosynthetic until one full lift of crushed stone fill is placed above it. ■ Chemical Treatment - Improvement of subgrades with portland cement , lime, or fly ash could be considered for improving unstable soils. Chemical treatment should be performed by a pre -qualified contractor having experience with successfully treating subgrades in the project area on similar sized projects with similar soil conditions. Results of chemical analysis of the chemical treatment materials should be provided to the Geotechnical Engineer for review prior to use. The hazards of chemicals blowing across the site or onto adjacent propert ies should also be considered. Additional testing would be needed to develop specific recommendations to improve subgra de stability by blending chemicals with the site soils. Additional testing could include, but not be limited to, determining the most suitable chemical treating agent, the optimum amounts required, the presence of sulfates in the soil, and freeze -thaw durability of the subgrade. Further evaluation of the need and recommendations for subgrade stabilization can be provided during construction as the geotechnical conditions are exposed. Fill/Embankment Material Types Fill for this project should consist of engineered fill /embankment. Engineered fill/embankment is fill that meets the criteria presented in this report and has been properly documented. On -site soils free of deleterious materials or approved granular and low plasticity cohesive imported materials may be used as fill /embankment material. Bedrock excavated during construction should not be re used as fill /embankment below new structures , slabs/flatwork, or pavements. The earthwork contractor should expect significant mechanical processing and moisture conditioning of the site soils will be needed to achieve proper compaction. Imported fill materials (if required) should meet the following material property requirements. Regardless of its source, engineered fill/embankment should consist of approved materials that are free of organic matter and debris. Frozen material should not be used, and fill/embankment should not be placed on a frozen subgrade. Gradation Percent Finer by Weight (ASTM C136) 3 ” 100 Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 16 Gradation Percent Finer by Weight (ASTM C136) 1” 70-100 No. 4 Sieve 30-100 No. 200 Sieve 10-65 Soil Properties Values Liquid Limit 35 (max.) Plasticity Index 15 (max.) Aggregate base course or recycled concrete base cour se used below new pavements or the below-grade lift station foundation should meet Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) requirements for Class 5 or 6 aggregate base course materials. Other import ed fill material types may be suitable for use on the site depending upon proposed application and location on the site and could be tested and approved for use on a case-by-case basis. Fill/Embankment Placement and Compaction Requirements Engineered fill /embankment should be placed and compacted in horizontal lifts, using equipment and procedures that will produce recommended moisture contents and densities throughout the lift. Item Description Maximum Lift Thickness 9 inches or less in loose thickness when heavy, self -propelled compaction equipment is used . 4 to 6 inches in loose thickness when hand -guided equipment (i.e., jumping jack or plate compactor) is used . Minimum Compaction Requirements 1 Engineered Fill /Embankment: At least 95% of the maximum dry unit weight as determined by AASHTO T99 . Engineered Fill /Embankment 8 Feet or Greater: At least 98% of the maximum dry unit weight as determined by AASHTO T99 for the entire depth of fill in areas receiving 8 feet of fill or greater. Aggregate Base Course: At least 95% of maximum dry unit weight as determined by AASHTO T180 in pavement areas. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 17 Item Description Water Content Range 2 ,3 Cohesive (clay): -1% to +3% of optimum moisture content Granular (sand): -3% to +3% of optimum moisture content 1. We recommend engineered fill /embankment be tested for moisture content and compaction during placement. If the results of the in -place density tests indicate the specified moisture or compaction limits have not been met, the area represented by the test should be reworked and retested as requir ed until the specified moisture and compaction requirements are achieved. 2. Moisture conditioned clay materials should not be allowed to dry out. A loss of moisture within these materials could result in an increase in the material’s expansive potential. Subsequent wetting of these materials could result in undesirable movement. 3. Specifically, moisture levels in granular soils should be maintained low enough to allow for satisfactory compaction to be achieved without the fill material pumping when proof rolled. Utility Trench Backfill Any loose, soft, or unsuitable materials encountered at the bottom of utility trench excavations should be removed and replaced with engineered fill/embankment or bedding material in accordance with public works specifications for the utility be supported. This recommendation is particularly applicable to utility work where settlement control of the utility is critical. Utility trench excavation should not be conducted below a downward 1H:1V (Horizontal:Vertical) projection from existing foundations without engineering review of shoring requirements and geotechnical observation during construction. On -site materials are considered suitable for backfill of utility and pipe trenches from about the top of the pipe to subgrade elevation provided the material is free of organic matter and deleterious substances. All utility trench excavations should be made with sufficient working space to permit construction including backfill placement and compaction. Utility trench backfill should be placed and compacted as discussed earlier in this report. Compaction of initial lifts should be accomplished with hand -operated tampers or other lightweight compactors. Flooding or jetting for placement and compaction of backfill i s not recommended. If utility trenches are backfilled with relatively clean granular material, they should be capped with at least 18 inches of cohesive fill in non -pavement areas to reduce the infiltration and conveyance of surface water through the trench backfill. In areas of low permeability subgrades, utility trenches are a common source of water infiltration and migration. Utility trenches penetrating beneath the building/structures should be effectively sealed to restrict water intrusion and flow through the tre nches, which could migrate below the building s. The trench should provide an effective trench Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 18 plug that extends at least 5 feet from the face of the building exterior. The plug material should consist of cementitious flowable fill or low permeability clay. The trench plug material should be placed to surround the utility line. If used, the trench p lug material should be placed and compacted to comply with the water content and compaction recommendations for engineered fill stated previously in this report. All underground piping within or near the proposed structures should be designed with flexible couplings, so minor deviations in alignment do not result in breakage or distress. Utility knockouts in foundation walls should be oversized to accommodate diffe rential movements. We recommend a representative of the Geotechnical Engineer provide full-time observation and compaction testing of utility trench backfill within the project limits. Grading and Drainage All grades must be adjusted to provide effective drainage away from the proposed pavements and subgrade , and new structures during construction and should be maintained throughout the life of the proposed improvements. Infiltration of water into excavations must be prevented during construction. Water permitted to pond near or adjacent to structures or pavement subgrade (either during or post -construction) can result in significantly higher soil movements than those discussed in this report. As a result, any estimations of potential movement described in this report cannot be relied upon if positive drainage is not obtained and maintained, and water is allowed to infiltrate the fill and/or subgrade. Exposed ground should be sloped and maintained at a minimum of 5% away from the proposed structure for at least 10 feet beyond the perimeter of the lift station . Locally, flatter grades may be necessary to transition ADA access requirements for flatwork. After building construction and landscaping have been completed, final grades should be verified to document effective drainage has been achieved. Grades around the structure should also be periodically inspected and adjusted, as necessary, as part of the structure’s maintenance program. F latwork and pavements will be subject to post -construction movement. Maximum grades practical should be used for paving and flatwork to prevent areas where water can pond. In addition, allowances in final grades should take into consideration post - construction movement of flatwork, particularly if such movement would be critical. Where paving or flatwork abuts the structures, care should be taken that joints are properly sealed and maintained to prevent the infiltration of surface water. Planters located adjacent to structures (if any) should preferably be self -contained. Sprinkler mains and spray heads should be located a minimum of 5 feet away from the Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 19 building lines. Low -volume, drip style landscaped irrigation should be used sparingly near the buildings/structures. Exterior Slab Design and Construction Exterior slabs on -grade, sidewalks, concrete flatwork, curb, and utilities founded on or in embankment fills or the site soils will likely experience some movement due to the volume change of the material. Subgrade soils below new fill/embankment should be scarified to a depth of at least 12 inches, moisture conditioned, and compacted prior to placement of new fill/embankment, aggregate base course, or pavement materials. Potential movement could be reduced by: ■ Minimizing moisture increases in the subgrade soils and new fill/embankment ■ Controlling moisture -density during preparation of the subgrade and placement of new fill/embankment ■ Using designs which allow vertical movement between the exterior features and adjoining structural elements (if any) ■ Placing control joints on relatively close centers Earthwork Construction Considerations Upon completion of filling and grading, care should be taken to maintain the subgrade water content prior to construction of grade -supported improvements such as flatwork and pavements. Construction traffic over the completed subgrades should be avoided. The site should also be graded t o prevent ponding of surface water on the prepared subgrades or in excavations. Water collecting over or adjacent to construction areas should be removed. If the subgrade freezes, desiccates, saturates, or is disturbed, the affected material should be removed and replaced , or the materials should be scarified, moisture conditioned, and compacted prior to pavement or flatwork construction. Construction site safety is the sole responsibility of the contractor who controls the means, methods, and sequencing of construction operations. Under no circumstances shall the information provided herein be interpreted to mean Terracon is assuming responsibility for construction site safety or the contractor's activities; such responsibility shall neither be implied nor inferred. Excavations or other activities resulting in ground disturbance have the potential to affect adjoining structures. Our scope of services does not include review of available final grading information or consider potential temporary grading performed by the contractor for potential effects such as ground movement beyond the project limits. A preconstruction/precondition survey should be conducted to document nearby infrastructure prior to any site development activity. Excavation or ground disturbance Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 20 activities adjacent or near property lines should be monitored or instrumented for potential ground movements that could negatively affect adjoining structures. Construction Observation and Testing The earthwork efforts should be observed by the Geotechnical Engineer (or others under their direction). Observation should include documentation of adequate removal of surficial materials (vegetation, topsoil, and existing aggregate surfacing and pavements), evaluation and remediation of existing fill materials, subgrade stabilization, as well as proof rolling and mitigation of unsuitable areas delineated by the proof roll. Each lift of engineered fill/embankment should be tested, evaluated, and reworked, as necessary, as recommended by the Geotechnical Engineer prior to placement of additional lifts. In areas of excavations, the subgrade and exposed condition s at the base of the recommended over-excavation should be evaluated by the Geotechnical Engineer. If unanticipated conditions are observed, the Geotechnical Engineer should prescribe mitigation options. In addition to the documentation of the essential parameters necessary for construction, the continuation of the Geotechnical Engineer into the construction phase of the project provides the continuity to maintain the Geotechnical Engineer’s evaluation of subsurface conditions, including assessing variations and associated design changes. Shallow Foundations If the has been prepared in accordance with the requirements noted in Geotechnical Overview and Earthwork, the following design parameters are applicable for shallow , reinforced concrete mat foundations for the lift station structure. The recommendations presented below are based on the subsu rface profile encountered in Boring No. B-12. If the lift station location is moved away from the location of Boring No. B-12, then the Geotechn ical Engineer should be provided the opportunity to review , and possible revise , these recommendations based on the subsurface profile anticipated at the updated lift station location. Reinforced Mats – Design Recommendations Item Description Maximum Net Allowable Bearing Pressure 1 5,000 psf Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 21 Item Description Anticipated Foundation Bearing Depth About 15 to 20 feet below existing grades Required Bearing Stratum 2 At least 2 feet of moisture conditioned , properly compacted recycled c oncrete base course over very hard claystone bedrock if bottom of foundation elevation is within 2 feet of top of bedrock OR Properly prepared dense native sand with gravel soils Anticipated Mat Foundation Dimensions 15 feet by 15 feet or less Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficients 3 On -site clay soil and engineered fill : Active, Ka = 0.49 Passive, Kp = 2.04 At-rest, Ko = 0.66 On -site granular soil and engineered fill : Active, Ka = 0.33 Passive, Kp = 3.00 At-rest, Ko = 0.50 Sliding Resistance On -site granular soil and engineered fill : μ = 0.43 (ultimate) Recycled concrete base course : μ = 0.50 (ultimate) Moist Soil Unit Weight On -site clay soil and engineered fill : γ = 120 pcf On -site granular soil and engineered fill : γ = 115 pcf Recycled concrete base course: γ = 135 pcf Minimum Embedment Below Finished Grade 4 Exterior foundations in unheated areas: 30 inches Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 22 Item Description Subgrade Modulus k1 = 175 psi/in . (properly prepared dense native sand with gravel soils) k1 = 200 psi/in. (on a minimum 2 feet of recycled concrete base course o ver claystone bedrock if foundation bearing elevation is within 2 feet of top of bedrock ) 𝐾(𝐵𝑥𝐵)=𝑘1 (𝐵+1 2𝐵) 2 (sands) 𝐾(𝐵𝑥𝐿)= 𝐾(𝐵𝑥𝐵)(1 +0.5 ∗(𝐵 𝐿)) 1.5 Where: k1 = coefficient of subgrade reaction of foundations measuring 1 ft. x 1 ft. K (BxB) = coefficient of subgrade modulus for a square foundation having dimensions B (ft.) x B (ft.). K (BxL) = coefficient of subgrade modulus for a rectangular foundation having dimensions B (ft.) x L (ft.). Estimated Total Movement 5 About 1 inch or less Estimated Differential Movement 5 About ½ to ¾ of total movement 1. The maximum net allowable bearing pressure is the pressure in excess of the minimum surrounding overburden pressure at the foundation base elevation. Values assume exterior grades are no steeper than 20% within 10 feet of structure. The design bearing pressure may be increased by one -third when considering the alternative load combination s of Section 1605.3.2 of the 2018 International Building Code ; however, it should not be increased when loads are determined by the basic allowable stress design load combinations of Section 1605.3.1 . 2. Unsuitable or soft/loose soils should be over -excavated and replaced with engineered fill/embankment per the recommendations presented in Earthwork. 3. Use of lateral earth pressures require the foundation forms be removed and compacted engineered fill/embankment be placed against the vertical foundation face. Assumes no hydrostatic pressure. The lateral earth pressure coefficients are ultimate values and do not include a factor of safety. The foundation designer should include the appropriate factors of safety. 4. Embedment necessary to minimize the effects of frost and/or seasonal water content variations. For sloping ground, maintain depth below the lowest adjacent exterior grade within 5 horizontal feet of the structure. 5. The estimated movements presented above assume the maximum foundation dimension presented in the table above . Larger foundation footprints will likely require reduced net allowable soil bearing pressures to reduce risk for potential settlement. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 23 Foundations should be proportioned to reduce differential foundation movement. Proportioning on the basis of equal total settlement is recommended; however, proportioning to relative constant dead -load pressure will also reduce differential movement between adjacent foundations. Foundations should be reinforced as necessary to reduce the potential for distress caused by differential foundation movement. Foundation excavations should be observed by Terracon. If the soil conditions encountered differ significantly from those presented in this report, supplemental recommendations will be required. Any over-excavation extending below the bottom of foundation elevation should extend laterally beyond all edges of the foundations at least 8 inches per foot of over - excavation depth below the foundation base elevation. The over -excavation should be backfilled to the foundation base e levation in accordance with the recommendations presented in this report. Shallow Foundation Construction Considerations F oundation excavations should be evaluated under the observation of the Geotechnical Engineer. The base of all foundation excavations should be free of water and loose soil, prior to placing concrete. Concrete should be placed soon after excavating to reduce bearing soil disturbance. Care should be taken to prevent wetting or drying of the bearing materials during construction. Excessively wet or dry material or any loose/disturbed material in the bottom of foundation excavations should be removed/reconditioned before foundation concrete is placed. To reduce the potential of “pumping” and softening of the foundation soils at the foundation bearing level and the requirement for corrective work, we suggest the foundation excavation for the building/structure be completed remotely with a track -hoe operating outside of the excavation limits. Foundation elements should be reinforced as necessary to reduce the potential for distress caused by differential foundation movement. Unstable subgrade conditions encountered in foundation excavations should be observed by Terracon to assess the subgrade and provide suitable alternatives for stabilization. Typical methods of stabilization/improvement are presented in the Subgrade Stabilization section of Earthwork. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 24 Below-Grade Structures We understand a new lift station is planned to be construct ed as part of the Harmony Lakes development. The l ift station is anticipated to extend about 15 to 20 feet below existing grades and observed g roundwater levels. Lateral Earth Pressures Design Parameters Structures with unbalanced backfill levels on opposite sides should be designed for earth pressures at least equal to values indicated in the following table. Earth pressures will be influenced by structural design of the walls, conditions of wall restrain t, methods of construction, and/or compaction and the strength of the materials being restrained. Two wall restraint conditions are shown in the diagram below. Active earth pressure is commonly used for design of free -standing cantilever retaining walls an d assumes wall movement. The “at -rest” condition assumes no wall movement and is commonly used for basement walls, loading dock walls, or other walls restrained at the top. The recommended design lateral earth pressures do not include a factor of safety an d do not provide for possible hydrostatic pressure on the walls (unless stated). Lateral Earth Pressure Design Parameters Earth Pressure Condition 1 Coefficient for Backfill Type 2 Surcharge Pressure 3 p1 (psf) Equivalent Fluid Pressures (psf) 2,4 Unsaturated 5 Submerged 5 Active (K a) Granular - 0.33 Fine Grained - 0.49 (0.33)S (0.49)S (45)H (60)H (85)H (90)H At -Rest (K o) Granular - 0.50 Fine Grained - 0.66 (0.50)S (0.66)S (65)H (80)H (95)H (100)H Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 25 Lateral Earth Pressure Design Parameters Earth Pressure Condition 1 Coefficient for Backfill Type 2 Surcharge Pressure 3 p1 (psf) Equivalent Fluid Pressures (psf) 2,4 Unsaturated 5 Submerged 5 Passive (K p) Granular – 3.00 Fine Grained - 204 --- --- --- --- --- --- 1. For active earth pressure, wall must rotate about base, with top lateral movements 0.002 H to 0.004 H, where H is wall height. For passive earth pressure, wall must move horizontally to mobilize resistance. Fat clay or other expansive soils should not be used as backfill behind the wall . 2. Uniform, horizontal backfill, with a maximum unit weight of 120 pcf for cohesive soils and 115 pcf for granular soils. 3. Uniform surcharge, where S is surcharge pressure. 4. Loading from heavy compaction equipment is not included. 5. To achieve “Unsaturated” conditions, drainage behind walls should be incorporated into the design or the bottom of wall should be above groundwater levels . “Submerged” conditions are recommended when drainage behind walls is not incorporated into the design or where walls extend below groundwater levels . Backfill placed against structures should consist of granular soils or low plasticity cohesive soils. For the granular values to be valid, the granular backfill must extend out and up from the base of the wall at an angle of at least 45 and 60 degrees from vertical for the active case and passive cases, respectively . To calculate the resistance to sliding, the values presented in the Shallow Foundation section can be utilized between wall foundations and the dense sand with gravel soils or recycled concrete base course. Footings, floor slabs , or other loads bearing on backfill behind walls may have a significant influence on the lateral earth pressure. Placing footings within wall backfill and in the zone of active soil influence on the wall should be avoided unless structural analyses indicat e the wall can safely withstand the increased pressure. The lateral earth pressure recommendations given in this section are applicable to the design of rigid retaining walls subject to slight rotation, such as cantilever, or gravity type concrete walls. These recommendations are not applicable to the design of modular block - geogrid reinforced backfill walls (also termed MSE walls). Recommendations covering these types of wall systems are beyond the scope of services for this assignment. However, we would be pleased to develop a proposal for evaluation and design of such wall systems upon request. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 26 P avements General Pavement Commen ts Pavement designs are provided for the traffic conditions and pavement life conditions as noted in Project Description and in the following sections of this report. A critical aspect of pavement performance is site preparation. Pavement designs noted in this section must be applied to the site which has been prepared as recommended in the Earthwork section and the following sections . Pavements – Subgrade Preparation On most project sites, the site grading is accomplished relatively early in the construction phase. Fill/embankment is typically placed and compacted in a uniform manner. However, as construction proceeds, the subgrade may be disturbed due to utility excavations, construction traffic, desiccation, or rainfall/snow melt. As a result, the pavement subgrade may not be suitab le for pavement construction and corrective action will be required. The subgrade should be carefully evaluated at the time of pavement construction for signs of disturbance or instability. We recommend the pavement subgrade be thoroughly proof rolled with a loaded tandem -axle dump truck prior to final grading and paving. All pavement areas should be moisture conditioned and properly compacted to the recommendations in this report immediately prior to paving. Prior to pavement construction and after the pavement areas have been stripped, and any required undercuts have been completed within the planned pavement a reas, the top 12 inches of the exposed ground surface should be scarified, moisture conditioned, and compacted as described in this report before any new fill/embankment, aggregate base course, or pavement is placed or constructed. After the subgrade has been scarified and compacted and before placement of new fill/embankment and pavement, we recommend the subgrade be proof rolled as described above. Pavemen ts – Design Reccomendations Design of pavements for the project have been based on the procedures outlined in the 1993 Guideline for Design of Pavement Structures prepared by AASHTO, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) Pavement Design Manual , and the Larimer County Urban Area Street Standards (LCUASS). A few samples of the materials encountered within the upper 3 feet of the borings were selected for swell-consolidation testing. The samples exhibited less than 0.1 percent to 0.5 percent swell when wetted which is less than t he 2 percent criteria established by LCUA SS for mitigation measures . Therefore, we recommend the upper 12 inches of the Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 27 pavement subgrade be prepared as recommended above and Earthwork prior to placement of new fill /embankment or con struction of pavement s. Traffic patterns and anticipated loading conditions (actual and assumed values) were presented in the Project Description section of this report. For our pavement thickness design recommendations, we understand the new roa dway will be classified as a collector. Therefore, we used a total design period EDLA value of 50 in the pavement analysis. This EDLA value is equivalent to an 18-kip equivalent single -axle load (ESAL) value of 365,000 for the design lane. These estimated traffic design values should be verified by the civil engineer or owner prior to final design and construction. If the actual traffic values vary from the estimated values, the pavement thickness recommendations may not be applicable. If actual traffic values exceed those presented above, Terracon should be contacted so that the design recommendations can be reviewed and revised if necessary. For flexible pavement design, a terminal serviceability index of 2.3 (with a design serviceability loss of 2 .2) was utilized along with an inherent reliability of 85 percent and an overall standard deviation of 0.44 (per LCUASS for collector roadways). Pavements were designed with a traffic life of 20 years . Using an estimated design R -value of about 15 to account for seasonal vari ation s and subgrade variations be tween the exp loratory borings, appropriate ESAL, environmental criteria and other factors, the structural numbers (SN) of the pavement sections were determined based on the 1993 AASHTO design equation. Full-Depth Composite Asphalt Pavement Section Thickness A recommended minimum asphalt pavement section is presented in the table below. The recommended pavement section thickness meet s or exceed s the minimum asphalt section thickness required in LCUASS . Recommended Minimum Asphalt Pavement Thicknesses (inches) Traffic Area Asphaltic Concrete Surface Aggregate Base Course Total New north-south collector road 5.5 9 14.5 Aggregate base course should consist of a blend of sand and gravel which meets strict specifications for quality and gradation. Use of materials meeting CDOT Class 5 or 6 specifications is recommended for aggregate base course. Aggregate base course should be placed in lifts not exceeding 6 inches and compacted to a minimum of 9 5 percent of the maximum dry unit weight as determined by AASHTO T180. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 28 Asphaltic concrete should be composed of a mixture of aggregate, filler, and additives (if required), and approved bituminous material. The asphalt concrete should conform to approved mix designs stating the Superpave properties, optimum asphalt content, j ob mix formula and recommended mixing and placing temperatures. Aggregate used in asphalt concrete should meet particular gradations. Material meeting CDOT Grading S or SX specifications or equivalent is recommended for asphalt concrete. Mix designs should be submitted prior to construction to verify their adequacy. Asphalt material should be placed in maximum 3 -inch lifts and compacted within a range of 92 to 96 percent of the theoretical maximum (Rice) density (ASTM D2041). Pavement performance is affected by its surroundings. In addition to providing preventive maintenance, the civil engineer should consider the following recommendations in the design and layout of pavements: ■ Site grades should slope a minimum of 2 percent away from the pavements; ■ The subgrade and the pavement surface have a minimum 2 percent slope to promote proper surface drainage; ■ Consider appropriate edge drainage and pavement under drain systems; ■ Install pavement drainage surrounding areas anticipated for frequent wetting; ■ Install joint sealant and seal cracks immediately; ■ Seal all landscaped areas in, or adjacent to pavements to reduce moisture migration to subgrade soils; and ■ Placing compacted, low permeability backfill against the exterior side of curb and gutter. Pavements – Construction Considerations Openings in pavements, such as decorative landscaped areas, are sources for water infiltration into surrounding pavement systems. Water can collect in the islands and migrate into the surrounding subgrade soils thereby degrading support of the pavement. Islands with raised concrete curbs, irrigated foliage, and low permeability near -surface soils are particular areas of concern. The civil design for the pavements with these conditions should include features to restrict or collect and discharge excess water from the islands. Examples of features are edge drains connected to the stormwater collection system, longitudinal subdrains, or other suitable outlets and impermeable barriers preventing lateral migration of water such as a cutoff wall installed to a dep th below the pavement structure. In areas of prepared subgrade or partial thickness pavement, the contractor should limit traffic to equipment necessary to construct the pavement section. Heavily loaded vehicles operating on these surfaces may cause significant damage, resulting in deterioration and reduction in pavement life. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 29 Pavements – Maintenance The pavement sections represent minimum recommended thicknesses and, as such, periodic upkeep should be anticipated. Preventive maintenance should be planned and provided for through an on -going pavement management program. Maintenance activities are inten ded to slow the rate of pavement deterioration and to preserve the pavement investment. Pavement care consists of both localized (e.g., crack and joint sealing and patching) and global maintenance (e.g., surface sealing). Additional engineering consultation is recommended to determine the type and extent of a cost - effective program. Even with periodic maintenance, some movements and related cracking may still occur, and repairs may be required. General Comments Our analysis and opinions are based upon our understanding of the project, the geotechnical conditions in the area, and the data obtained from our site exploration. Variations will occur between exploration point locations or due to the modifying effects of construction or weather. The nature and extent of such variations may not become evident until during or after construction. Terracon should be retained as the Geotechnical Engineer, where noted in this report, to provide ob servation and testing services during pertinent construction phases. If variations appear, we can provide further evaluation and supplemental recommendations. If variations are noted in the absence of our observation and testing services on -site, we should be immediately notified so th at we can provide evaluation and supplemental recommendations. Our Scope of Services does not include either specifically or by implication any environmental or biological (e.g., mold, fungi, bacteria) assessment of the site or identification or prevention of pollutants, hazardous materials or conditions. If the owner is concerned about the potential for such contamination or pollution, other studies should be undertaken. Our services and any correspondence are intended for the sole benefit and exclusive use of our client for specific application to the project discussed and are accomplished in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering practices with no th ird- party beneficiaries intended. Any third -party access to services or correspondence is solely for information purposes to support the services provided by Terracon to our client. Reliance upon the services and any work product is limited to our client a nd is not intended for third parties. Any use or reliance of the provided information by third parties is done solely at their own risk. No warranties, either express or implied, are intended or made. Site characteristics as provided are for design purposes and not to estimate excavation cost. Any use of our report in that regard is done at the sole risk of the excavating cost Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 30 estimator as there may be variations on the site that are not apparent in the data that could significantly affect excavation cost. Any parties charged with estimating excavation costs should seek their own site characterization for specific purposes to obtain the specific level of detail necessary for costing. Site safety and cost estimating including excavation supp ort and dewatering requirements/design are the responsibility of others. Construction and site development have the potential to affect adjacent properties. Such impacts can include damages due to vibration, modification of groundwater/surface water flow during construction, foundation movement due to undermining or subsidence from excavation , as well as noise or air quality concerns. Evaluation of these items on nearby properties are commonly associated with contractor means and methods and are not addressed in this report. The owner and contractor should consider a preconstruction/precondition survey of surrounding development. If changes in the nature, design, or location of the project are planned, our conclusions and recommendations shall not be considered valid unless we review the changes and either verify or modify our conclusions in writing. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Figures Contents: GeoModel (2 pages) 4,810 4,815 4,820 4,825 4,830 4,835 4,840 4,845 4,850 EL E V A T I O N ( M S L ) ( f e e t ) Layering shown on this figure has been developed by the geotechnical engineer for purposes of modeling the subsurface conditions as required for the subsequent geotechnical engineering for this project. Numbers adjacent to soil column indicate depth below ground surface. NOTES: Legend This is not a cross section. This is intended to display the Geotechnical Model only. See individual logs for more detailed conditions. GeoModel 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Fort Collins, CO Third Water Observation Second Water Observation First Water Observation Groundwater levels are temporal. The levels shown are representative of the date and time of our exploration. Significant changes are possible over time. Water levels shown are as measured during and/or after drilling. In some cases, boring advancement methods mask the presence/absence of groundwater. See individual logs for details. Sandy Lean Clay/Clayey Sand Lean Clay Poorly-graded Sand with Gravel Claystone Lean Clay with Sand Sandy Lean Clay with Gravel Well-graded Sand with Gravel Silty Sand with Gravel Clayey Sand with Gravel Poorly-graded Sand with Silt and Gravel Asphalt Model Layer Layer Name General Description 1 About 3 to 19 inches of aggregate surfacing in Boring Nos. B-1 to B-5, B-7 to B-9, B-11, and B-12. About 3-1/4 inches of asphalt in Boring No. B-6. 3 Very soft to stiff clay soils with variable amounts of sand and gravel. 4 Very loose to very dense poorly graded and well graded sand soils with variable amounts of fines and gravel. 2 Consisted primarily of clay soils with variable amounts of sand and gravel or sand soils with variable amounts of clay and gravel. 5 Medium hard to very hard claystone bedrock. B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 Aggregate SurfacingExisting Surfacing Materials Clay Soils Sand Soils Existing Fill Bedrock 1 2 3 4 5 9.9 14 1 7 14 19 34.3 1 2 3 4 5 8.6 14 0.7 4 14 19 34.3 1 3 4 5 4.9 7 1.6 4 19 24.4 1 2 3 4 5 6.3 14 0.3 4 9 19.5 24.3 1 2 4 5 10 7 0.3 4 20.4 24.3 7.3 1 2 4 7 0.3 7 10.5 4,810 4,815 4,820 4,825 4,830 4,835 4,840 4,845 4,850 EL E V A T I O N ( M S L ) ( f e e t ) Layering shown on this figure has been developed by the geotechnical engineer for purposes of modeling the subsurface conditions as required for the subsequent geotechnical engineering for this project. Numbers adjacent to soil column indicate depth below ground surface. NOTES: Legend This is not a cross section. This is intended to display the Geotechnical Model only. See individual logs for more detailed conditions. GeoModel 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Fort Collins, CO Third Water Observation Second Water Observation First Water Observation Groundwater levels are temporal. The levels shown are representative of the date and time of our exploration. Significant changes are possible over time. Water levels shown are as measured during and/or after drilling. In some cases, boring advancement methods mask the presence/absence of groundwater. See individual logs for details. Clayey Sand Lean Clay with Sand Poorly-graded Sand with GravelPoorly-graded Sand with Clay and Gravel Poorly-graded Sand Well-graded Sand with Gravel Sandy Lean Clay with Gravel Well-graded Sand with Silt and Gravel Claystone Sandy Lean Clay/Clayey Sand Poorly-graded Sand with Silt and Gravel Model Layer Layer Name General Description 1 About 3 to 19 inches of aggregate surfacing in Boring Nos. B-1 to B-5, B-7 to B-9, B-11, and B-12. About 3-1/4 inches of asphalt in Boring No. B-6. 3 Very soft to stiff clay soils with variable amounts of sand and gravel. 4 Very loose to very dense poorly graded and well graded sand soils with variable amounts of fines and gravel. 2 Consisted primarily of clay soils with variable amounts of sand and gravel or sand soils with variable amounts of clay and gravel. 5 Medium hard to very hard claystone bedrock. B-7 B-8 B-9 B-10 B-11 B-12 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 Aggregate SurfacingExisting Surfacing Materials Clay Soils Sand Soils Existing Fill Bedrock 1 2 3 4 7.37 1 4 7 10.5 1 2 47 0.3 2 10.5 1 2 3 4 5 3.2 9 0.9 7 9 14.5 24.3 2 4 5 7 14 24.1 2.2 1 2 4 5 9 14 1 7 22 24.3 1 2 4 5 9.5 7 1 4 19 34.3 3.7 Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Attachments Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Exploration and Testing Procedures Field Exploration Number of Borings Approximate Boring Depth (feet) Location 2 1 (Boring Nos. B-1 and B-2) 34.3 Proposed convenience store location 1 1 (Boring No. B -3) 24.4 Proposed fuel tank area 2 1 (Boring Nos. B-4 and B-5) 24.3 Proposed canopy/fuel dispenser area 3 (Boring Nos. B -6 through B-8) 10.5 Proposed roadway alignment 3 (Boring Nos. B -9 through B-11) 24.1 to 24.3 In areas of f uture developments 1 (Boring No. B-12) 34.3 Proposed lift station location 1. A separate report utilizing the data from Boring Nos. B -1 through B-5 was issued to provide geotechnical recommendations for the planned convenience store and fueling station within the Harmony Lakes development (see our Geotechnical Engineering Report dated October 21, 2025; Terracon Project No. 20255045). Boring Layout and Elevations: Terracon personnel provided the boring layout using handheld GPS equipment (estimated horizontal accuracy of about ±15 feet) and referencing existing site features. Approximate ground surface elevations at the boring locations were obtained by interpolation from a topographic site plan provided by TB group dated April 5, 2024 . If elevations and a more precise boring layout are desired, we recommend the borings be surveyed. Subsurface Exploration Procedures: We advanced the borings with a truck -mounted drill rig using continuous -flight , hollow -stem and solid-stem augers. Sampling was performed using standard split-barrel and modified California barrel sampling procedures. Bulk samples of auger cuttings from the upper approximately 5 feet of each borehole were also collected for laboratory testing. In the split-barrel sampling procedure, a standard 2 -inch outer diameter split -barrel sampling spoon was driven into the ground by a 140 -pound automatic hammer falling a distance of 30 inches. The Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials number of blows required to advance the sampling spoon the last 12 inches of a normal 18 -inch penetration is recorded as the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) resistance value. The SPT resistance values, also referred to as N -values, are indicated on the bor ing logs at the test depths. In the modified California barrel sampling procedure, a 2½-inch outer diameter split-barrel sampling spoon is used for sampling. Modified California barrel sampling procedures are similar to standard split spoon sampling proced ure; however, blow counts are typically recorded for 6 -inch intervals for a total of 12 inches of penetration. Modified California barrel sampler blow counts are not considered N -values. The samples were placed in appropriate containers and taken to our soil laboratory for testing and classification by a Geotechnical Engineer. We also observed the boreholes while drilling and at the completion of drilling for the presence of groundwater . Additionally, we observed 3 of the boreholes approximately 24 hours after the completion of drilling for the presence of groundwater. The groundwater levels are shown on the attached boring logs. Our exploration team prepared field boring logs as part of the drilling operations. The sampling depths, penetration distances, and other sampling information were recorded on the field boring logs. These field logs included visual classifications of the materials observed during drilling and our interpretation of the subsurface conditions between samples. Final boring logs were prepared from the field logs. The final boring logs represent the Geotec hnical Engineer's interpretation of the subsurface conditi ons at the boring locations based on field data, observation of samples, and laboratory test results. We backfilled the borings with auger cuttings or cementitious flowable backfill after completion of drilling. The pavement at the location of Boring No. B -6 was patched with the asphalt core and Utilibond . Our services did not include repair of the site beyond backfilling the boreholes and patching existing pavement. Excess auger cuttings were dispersed in the general vicinity of the boreholes . Because backfill material often settles below the surface after a period, we recommend checking boreholes periodically and backfilling, if necessary. Laboratory Testing The project engineer reviewed the field data and assigned laboratory tests. The laboratory testing program included the following types of tests: ■ Moisture Content ■ Dry Unit Weight ■ Atterberg Limits ■ Grain-size Distribution ■ One-dimensional Swell/Consolidation ■ R -value Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials ■ Water-soluble Sulfates ■ Corrosivity Suite – pH, sulfates, chloride ion, sulfide ion, redox, total salts and electrical resistivity The laboratory testing program included examination of samples by an engineer and/or geologist. Based on the results of our field and laboratory programs, we described and classified the soil samples in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. A brief description of this classification system as well as the General Notes can be found in the Supporting Information section. Rock classification was conducted using locally accepted practices for engineering purposes . Laboratory test results are indicated on the boring logs and are presented in depth in the Exploration Results section. Laboratory tests are performed in general accordance with applicable local standards or other acceptable standards. In some cases, variations to methods are applied as a result of local practice or professional judgement. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Site Location and Exploration Plans Contents: Site Location Plan Exploration Plan Note: All attachments are one page unless noted above. Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Note to Preparer: This is a large table with outside borders. Just click inside the table above this text box, then paste your GIS Toolbox image. When paragraph markers are turned on you may notice a line of hidden text above and outside the table – please leave that alone. Limit editing to inside the table. The line at the bottom about the general location is a separate table line. You can edit it as desired, but try to keep to a single line of text to avoid reformatting the page. Site Location DIAGRAM IS FOR GENERAL LOCATION ONLY, AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES MAP PROVIDED BY MICROSOFT BING MAPS Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Note to Preparer: This is a large table with outside borders. Just click inside the table above this text box, then paste your GIS Toolbox image. When paragraph markers are turned on you may notice a line of hidden text above and outside the table – please leave that alone. Limit editing to inside the table. The line at the bottom about the general location is a separate table line. You can edit it as desired, but try to keep to a single line of text to avoid reformatting the page. Exploration Plan DIAGRAM IS FOR GENERAL LOCATION ONLY, AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES MAP PROVIDED BY MICROSOFT BING MAPS Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Exploration and Laboratory Results Contents: Boring Logs (B-1 through B-12) Atterberg Limits Grain Size Distribution (3 pages) Consolidation/Swell (10 pages) R -Value Water-Soluble Sulfates Corrosivity Suite Note: All attachments are one page unless noted above. 4846 4840 4833 4828 4812.7 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 12 inches thick FILL - SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL), trace gravel, brown LEAN CLAY, dark brown, medium stiff, iron oxide present at about 9 feet POORLY GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, fine to medium grained, light brown with pink, medium dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, yellow brown to gray, hard to very hard, upper 1 to 2 feet is moderately weathered Boring Terminated at 34.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-1 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4847 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 54.312.1 12.3 26.5 29.0 13.4 19.4 14.1 16.9 15.4 28-15-13 1.0 7.0 14.0 19.0 34.3 <+0.1/ 500 <-0.1/ 1000 115 93 119 108 6-7-10 N=17 5-7 12/12" 2-2-3 N=5 3-3 6/12" 2-7-17 N=24 14-22-34 N=56 30-50/3" 50/5" 50/3" Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 9.9 feet at completion of drilling 14 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-03-2025 Boring Completed 09-03-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5223° Longitude: -104.9964° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 3 4 5 4847.3 4844 4839 4834 4829 4813.7 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 8 inches thick FILL - LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, trace gravel, dark brown LEAN CLAY, dark brown, stiff, organics at about 4 feet, increase in moisture at about 7 feet soft to medium stiff at about 7 feet SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL (CL), dark brown, stiff WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, medium to coarse grained, light brown with pink, medium dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, gray, hard to very hard, upper 1 to 2 feet is moderately weathered Boring Terminated at 34.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-2 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4848 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 51.0 0.7 4.0 9.0 14.0 19.0 34.3 +0.2/ 500 115 121 4-5-7 N=12 5-9 14/12" 1-2-2 N=4 3-15 18/12" 9-10-12 N=22 10-19-45 N=64 50/4" 50/5" 50/4" 15.4 14.8 27.6 21.2 6.9 16.8 11.7 13.8 14.2 31-20-11 Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 8.6 feet at completion of drilling 14 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-04-2025 Boring Completed 09-04-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5222° Longitude: -104.9960° 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 3 4 5 4844.4 4842 4837 4827 4821.6 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 19 inches thick LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, dark brown, stiff, possible organics at about 2 feet SILTY SAND WITH GRAVEL (SM), medium grained, dark brown, medium dense to dense WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, medium to coarse grained, light brown with pink, medium dense to very dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, gray, very hard Boring Terminated at 24.4 Feet Boring Log No. B-3 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4846 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 21.3 15.5 10.4 10.2 8.6 11.7 16.2 14.8 18-15-3 1.6 4.0 9.0 19.0 24.4 <+0.1/ 150 113 115 4-7 11/12" 14-5-6 N=11 10-12-22 N=34 16-16-11 N=27 20-22-40 N=62 50/6" 50/5" Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 4.9 feet at completion of drilling 7 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-04-2025 Boring Completed 09-04-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5223° Longitude: -104.9956° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 3 4 5 4848.7 4845 4840 4829.5 4824.7 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 3 inches thick FILL - SANDY LEAN CLAY, dark brown SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL), dark brown, medium stiff, possible calcium carbonate and organics at about 4 feet no recovery of sample at 7 feet very soft at about 7 feet WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, light brown with pink, dense to very dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, gray, very hard, cementation at about 19.5 feet Boring Terminated at 24.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-4 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4849 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 68.6 0.3 4.0 9.0 19.5 24.3 +0.2/ 500 112 113 5-7 12/12" 2-2-3 N=5 0-1 1/12" 8-19-17 N=36 16-27-35 N=62 18-30-50/4" 50/4" 16.8 24.5 4.3 8.2 17.8 13.8 43-18-25 Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 6.3 feet at completion of drilling 14 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-03-2025 Boring Completed 09-03-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5225° Longitude: -104.9960° 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 3 4 5 4846.7 4843 4838 4826.6 4822.7 FILL - AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 3 inches thick FILL - CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL, dark brown to tan POORLY GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, fine to coarse grained, brown to pink, medium dense to dense, possible cobbles POORLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT AND GRAVEL (SP-SM), medium to coarse grained, light brown with pink, dense to very dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, yellow brown to gray, very hard, upper 1 to 2 feet is moderately weathered Boring Terminated at 24.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-5 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4847 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 7.6 5.0 1.2 8.2 8.4 7.7 3.7 NP 0.3 4.0 9.0 20.4 24.3 112 107 3-4-4 N=8 8-20 28/12" 18-16-15 N=31 10-15-17 N=32 19-50/5" 25-30-14 N=44 50/4" Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 7.3 feet after about 24 hours 10 feet at completion of drilling 7 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-03-2025 Boring Completed 09-03-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5225° Longitude: -104.9965° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 4 5 4848.7 4842 4838.5 ASPHALT, about 3-1/4 inches thick FILL - CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL (SC), angular to subangular gravel, brown to dark brown with pink, decrease in clay content at about 2.5 to 4 feet WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, brown with pink and dark gray, medium dense Boring Terminated at 10.5 Feet Boring Log No. B-6 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4849 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 16.63.5 11.2 8.9 9.3 21-13-8 0.3 7.0 10.5 <+0.1/ 150 -0.2/ 500 126 122 13-26 39/12" 10-11 21/12" 10-13-16 N=29 8-13-7 N=20 Advancement Method 4 inch diameter, continuous-flight, solid-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 7 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 88% Boring Started 09-26-2025 Boring Completed 09-26-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with cementitious flowable fill and capped with the asphalt core and utilibond. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5228° Longitude: -104.9974° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 4 4846 4843 4840 4836.5 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 12 inches thick FILL - CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL (SC), brown, loose LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, dark brown, stiff, possible organics at about 4 feet POORLY GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, light brown with pink, very dense, possible cobbles Boring Terminated at 10.5 Feet Boring Log No. B-7 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4847 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 37.043.1 16.6 7.3 29-14-15 1.0 4.0 7.0 10.5 +0.5/ 150 +0.4/ 500 94 114 4-7 11/12" 7-10 17/12" 20-35-47 N=82 20-23-23 N=46 Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 7.3 feet at completion of drilling 7 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-04-2025 Boring Completed 09-04-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5220° Longitude: -104.9964° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 3 4 4840.7 4839 4837 4834 4830.5 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 3 inches thick FILL - POORLY GRADED SAND WITH CLAY AND GRAVEL, brown POORLY GRADED SAND, fine to medium grained, brown with pink, dense POORLY GRADED SAND, medium to coarse grained, light brown with pink, medium dense WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, light brown with pink, dense, possible cobbles Boring Terminated at 10.5 Feet Boring Log No. B-8 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4841 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 2.4 14.4 5.1 6.1 0.3 2.0 4.0 7.0 10.5 115 15-17-23 N=40 10-14 24/12" 16-20-22 N=42 21-24-35 N=59 Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 7 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-04-2025 Boring Completed 09-04-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5212° Longitude: -104.9962° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% 1 2 4 4842.1 4836 4834 4828.5 4818.7 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE, about 11 inches thick FILL - LEAN CLAY WITH SAND (CL), brown to gray with pink SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, dark brown, soft WELL GRADED SAND WITH SILT AND GRAVEL (SW-SM), medium to coarse grained, yellow brown with pink, very dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, yellow brown to gray, medium hard to very hard, upper 1 to 2 feet is moderately weathered Boring Terminated at 24.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-9 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4843 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 71.9 7.9 17.6 13.1 29.3 9.3 20.2 13.6 16.6 40-19-21 NP 4-11 15/12" 3-3-4 N=7 0-5 5/12" 20-50/5" 17-11-22 N=33 50/4" 50/3" 0.9 7.0 9.0 14.5 24.3 87 117 Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 3.2 feet at completion of drilling 9 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-04-2025 Boring Completed 09-04-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5213° Longitude: -104.9946° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 3 4 5 4835 4828 4817.9 FILL - LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, trace gravel, dark brown, organics at about 2 feet CLAYEY SAND (SC), trace gravel, dark brown, very loose to loose CLAYSTONE, gray, medium hard to very hard Boring Terminated at 24.1 Feet Boring Log No. B-10 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4842 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 35.1 16.1 16.6 20.8 17.5 14.1 13.0 7.7 30-18-12 7.0 14.0 24.1 +2.2/ 1000 119 2-4-4 N=8 2-3 5/12" 0-0-0 N=0 1-2-2 N=4 20-32 52/12" 27-50/4" 50/1" Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 2.2 feet after about 24 hours Not encountered at completion of drilling Not encountered while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-03-2025 Boring Completed 09-03-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5223° Longitude: -104.9946° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 2 4 5 4847 4841 4834 4826 4823.7 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 12 inches thick FILL - SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, brown CLAYEY SAND, dark brown, very loose WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL, light brown with pink, dense to very dense, possible cobbles CLAYSTONE, gray, very hard Boring Terminated at 24.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-11 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4848 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 7.5 15.6 18.5 27.1 8.1 10.1 13.6 1.0 7.0 14.0 22.0 24.3 113 117 5-10 15/12" 3-6-9 N=15 2-2 4/12" 0-0-2 N=2 7-16-26 N=42 8-20-42 N=62 50/3" Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 9 feet at completion of drilling 14 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-04-2025 Boring Completed 09-04-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5221° Longitude: -104.9971° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 1 2 4 5 4844 4841 4838 4826 4810.7 AGGREGATE SURFACING, about 12 inches thick FILL - LEAN CLAY WITH SAND AND GRAVEL, dark brown POORLY GRADED SAND, trace gravel, medium grained, light brown with pink, medium dense POORLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT AND GRAVEL (SP-SM), light brown with pink and dark brown, dense CLAYSTONE, gray, very hard Boring Terminated at 34.3 Feet Boring Log No. B-12 Wa t e r L e v e l Ob s e r v a t i o n s De p t h ( F t . ) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Approximate Elevation: 4845 (Ft.) Gr a p h i c L o g Mo d e l L a y e r 6.7 10.1 9.3 8.8 8.5 11.5 16.3 13.4 15.2 18.4 NP 1.0 4.0 7.0 19.0 34.3 121 112 11-13 24/12" 5-5-8 N=13 16-19-17 N=36 13-19-29 N=48 5-20-25 N=45 22-50/4" 50/4" 50/3" 50/3" Advancement Method 4-1/4 inch inside-diameter, continuous-flight, hollow-stem augers Notes Water Level Observations 3.7 feet after about 24 hours 9.5 feet at completion of drilling 7 feet while drilling See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory proceduresused and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. Elevation Reference: Elevation interpolated from a topographic site plan provided by TB Group. Classification of rock estimated from disturbed samples. Core samples and petrographicanalysis may reveal other rock types. Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Fort Collins, CO Drill Rig CME 55 Driller Terracon Logged by A. Ellis Boring Started 09-03-2025 Boring Completed 09-03-2025 Abandonment Method Boring backfilled with auger cuttings upon completion. Sa m p l e T y p e Pe r c e n t Fi n e s Wa t e r Co n t e n t ( % ) Atterberg Limits LL-PL-PI See Exploration PlanLocation: Latitude: 40.5214° Longitude: -104.9965° Depth (Ft.) Sw e l l - C o n s o l / Lo a d ( % / p s f ) Dr y U n i t We i g h t ( p c f ) Fi e l d T e s t Re s u l t s 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 Hammer Type Automatic; Hammer Efficiency = 93% 1 2 4 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 "A" Line ASTM D4318 CH or OH CL or OL ML or OL MH or OH 13 11 3 25 NP 8 15 21 NP 12 NP 54.3 51.0 21.3 68.6 7.6 16.6 37.0 71.9 7.9 35.1 6.7 CL CL SM CL SP-SM SC SC CL SW-SM SC SP-SM 15 20 15 18 NP 13 14 19 NP 18 NP 13 11 3 25 NP 8 15 21 NP 12 NP 54.3 51.0 21.3 68.6 7.6 16.6 37.0 71.9 7.9 35.1 6.7 CL CL SM CL SP-SM SC SC CL SW-SM SC SP-SM 15 20 15 18 NP 13 14 19 NP 18 NP 28 31 18 43 NP 21 29 40 NP 30 NP SANDY LEAN CLAY SANDY LEAN CLAY with GRAVEL SILTY SAND with GRAVEL SANDY LEAN CLAY POORLY GRADED SAND with SILT and GRAVEL CLAYEY SAND with GRAVEL CLAYEY SAND with GRAVEL LEAN CLAY with SAND WELL-GRADED SAND with SILT and GRAVEL CLAYEY SAND POORLY GRADED SAND with SILT and GRAVEL Atterberg Limit Results "U" Line Liquid Limit LL PL PI Fines USCS DescriptionFines Pl a s t i c i t y I n d e x CL - ML 16 4 7 Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials 2 - 3.5 9 - 10 4 - 5.5 4 - 5.5 14 - 14.9 1 - 5 1 - 5 2 - 3 9 - 9.9 9 - 10.5 7 - 8.5 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 B-7 B-9 B-9 B-10 B-12 Boring ID Depth (Ft) Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0.0010.010.1110100 140 HydrometerU.S. Sieve Opening in Inches Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422 / ASTM C136 SandGravel 2 10 14 506 2001.5 83/4 1/23/8 30 403 601 U.S. Sieve Numbers 16 2044 10063 Grain Size (mm) coarse fine coarse finemedium Silt or ClayCobbles Pe r c e n t C o a r s e r b y W e i g h t Pe r c e n t F i n e r b y W e i g h t 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AASHTOUSCSUSCS Classification A-6 (4) A-6 (3) A-1-b (0) A-7-6 (15) A-1-a (0) CL CL SM CL SP-SM SANDY LEAN CLAY SANDY LEAN CLAY with GRAVEL SILTY SAND with GRAVEL SANDY LEAN CLAY POORLY GRADED SAND with SILT and GRAVEL Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials 28 31 18 43 NP 0.80 13 11 3 25 NP 15 20 15 18 NP %CobblesD60 0.093 0.103 0.761 5.277 D100 45.54 %Clay%Sand%Gravel 11.7 19.8 17.6 0.8 41.7 34.0 29.3 61.1 30.6 50.7 54.3 51.0 21.3 68.6 7.6 LL PL PI Cc Cu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D10 0.116 D30 0.15 0.701 25 37.5 19 9.5 25 %Fines %Silt Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID 2 - 3.5 9 - 10 4 - 5.5 4 - 5.5 14 - 14.9 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 2 - 3.5 9 - 10 4 - 5.5 4 - 5.5 14 - 14.9 Depth (Ft)Boring ID B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 Depth (Ft) 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0.0010.010.1110100 140 HydrometerU.S. Sieve Opening in Inches Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422 / ASTM C136 SandGravel 2 10 14 506 2001.5 83/4 1/23/8 30 403 601 U.S. Sieve Numbers 16 2044 10063 Grain Size (mm) coarse fine coarse finemedium Silt or ClayCobbles Pe r c e n t C o a r s e r b y W e i g h t Pe r c e n t F i n e r b y W e i g h t 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AASHTOUSCSUSCS Classification A-2-4 (0) A-6 (1) A-6 (14) A-1-a (0) A-2-6 (0) SC SC CL SW-SM SC CLAYEY SAND with GRAVEL CLAYEY SAND with GRAVEL LEAN CLAY with SAND WELL-GRADED SAND with SILT and GRAVELCLAYEY SAND Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials 21 29 40 NP 30 1.11 8 15 21 NP 12 13 14 19 NP 18 %CobblesD60 4.255 0.55 5.233 0.427 D100 41.89 %Clay%Sand%Gravel 38.4 18.8 1.2 41.9 13.4 45.0 44.2 26.9 50.2 51.4 16.6 37.0 71.9 7.9 35.1 LL PL PI Cc Cu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D10 0.125 D30 0.395 0.854 19 37.5 9.5 37.5 25 %Fines %Silt Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID 1 - 5 1 - 5 2 - 3 9 - 9.9 9 - 10.5 B-6 B-7 B-9 B-9 B-10 1 - 5 1 - 5 2 - 3 9 - 9.9 9 - 10.5 Depth (Ft)Boring ID B-6 B-7 B-9 B-9 B-10 Depth (Ft) 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0.0010.010.1110100 140 HydrometerU.S. Sieve Opening in Inches Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422 / ASTM C136 SandGravel 2 10 14 506 2001.5 83/4 1/23/8 30 403 601 U.S. Sieve Numbers 16 2044 10063 Grain Size (mm) coarse fine coarse finemedium Silt or ClayCobbles Pe r c e n t C o a r s e r b y W e i g h t Pe r c e n t F i n e r b y W e i g h t 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AASHTOUSCSUSCS Classification A-1-a (0)SP-SMPOORLY GRADED SAND with SILT and GRAVEL Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials NP 0.97NPNP %CobblesD60 5.74 D100 43.30 %Clay%Sand%Gravel 44.2 49.1 6.7 LL PL PI Cc Cu 0.0 D10 0.133 D30 0.86125 %Fines %Silt Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID 7 - 8.5B-12 7 - 8.5 Depth (Ft)Boring ID B-12 Depth (Ft) 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited less than 0.1 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 500 psf. 12.3115 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS FILL - SANDY LEAN CLAY Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 4 - 5B-1 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited less than 0.1 percent compression upon wetting under an applied pressure of 1,000 psf. 29.093 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS LEAN CLAY Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 9 - 10B-1 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited 0.2 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 500 psf. 14.8115 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS LEAN CLAY Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 4 - 5B-2 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited less than 0.1 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 150 psf. 15.5113 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS LEAN CLAY WITH SAND Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 2 - 3B-3 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited 0.2 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 500 psf. 16.8112 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS FILL - SANDY LEAN CLAY Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 2 - 3B-4 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited less than 0.1 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 150 psf. 3.5126 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS FILL - CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 2 - 3B-6 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited 0.2 percent compression upon wetting under an applied pressure of 500 psf. 11.2122 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS FILL - CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 4 - 5B-6 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited 0.5 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 150 psf. 43.194 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS FILL - CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 2 - 3B-7 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited 0.4 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 500 psf. 16.6114 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS LEAN CLAY WITH SAND Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 4 - 5B-7 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 100 1,000 10,000 Ax i a l S t r a i n ( % ) Pressure (psf) One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Notes: The sample exhibited 2.2 percent swell upon wetting under an applied pressure of 1,000 psf. 14.1119 (pcf) WC (%)Description USCS CLAYSTONE Fort Collins, COTerracon Project No. 20255045 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Boring ID Depth (Ft) 14 - 15B-10 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 4862 Innovation Drive, Suite 104 Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 (970) 484-0359 FAX (970) 484-0454 CLIENT:Big D Oil Company DATE OF TEST:23-Sep-25 PROJECT:Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store LOCATION:B-7 at 1.0-5.0 TERRACON NO.20255045 CLASSIFICATION:Clayey Sand with Gravel (SC) TEST SPECIMEN NO.1 2 3 COMPACTION PRESSURE (PSI)100 150 250 DENSITY (PCF)133.8 135.9 130.0 MOISTURE CONTENT (%)10.2 9.6 7.1 EXPANSION PRESSURE (PSI)0.00 0.00 0.00 HORIZONTAL PRESSURE @ 160 PSI 110 98 42 SAMPLE HEIGHT (INCHES)2.51 2.50 2.53 EXUDATION PRESSURE (PSI)160.3 212.8 500.3 CORRECTED R-VALUE 25.1 32.4 69.2 UNCORRECTED R-VALUE 25.1 32.4 69.2 R-VALUE @ 300 PSI EXUDATION PRESSURE =44 AASHTO T190 PRESSURE OF COMPACTED SOIL RESISTANCE R-VALUE & EXPANSION SAMPLE DATA TEST RESULTS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 R- V A L U E EXUDATION PRESSURE - PSI Client B-1 B-4 B-10 1.0-5.0 1.0-5.0 1.0-5.0 405 378 228 Analyzed By: Project Big D Oil Company Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Rapid City, SD 20255045 Date Received:9/9/2025 (mg/kg) Results from Corrosion Testing Sample Location Sample Depth (ft.) The tests were performed in general accordance with applicable ASTM and AASHTO test methods. This report is exclusively for the use of the client indicated above and shall not be reproduced except in full without the written consent of our company. Test results transmitted herein are only applicable to the actual samples tested at the location(s) referenced and are not necessarily indicative of the properties of other apparently similar or identical materials. Chloe Lewis Laboratory Supervisor Client 9/22/2025 B-2 B-8 1'-5'1'-5' AASHTO T289 8.47 8.5 ASTM C1580 121 120 AWWA 4500-S,D Nil Nil ASTM D512 61 16 ASTM G200 234 244 AWWA 2520 B 935 466 ASTM G57 1500 4200 These tests were performed in general accordance with the applicable AASHTO, ASTM, and AWWA test methods. This report is exclusively for the use of the client indicated above and shall not be reproduced without the full written consent of Terracon Consultants Inc.. Test results transmitted herein are only applicable to the actual samples tested at the location(s) referenced and are not necessarily indicative of the properties of other apparently similar materials. Kyle Lemcke 9/25/2025 Verified By: Acidity (pH) Water Soluble Sulfate Ion Content (mg/Kg) Water Soluble Sulfide Content (mg/Kg) Water Soluble Chloride Ion Content (mg/Kg) Corrosivity Suite -Results Sample Location Project Big D Oil Company Big D Oil Harmony Lakes Rapid City, SD 20250545 Date Received: Sample Depth (ft.) Oxidation-Reduction Potential (RmV) Total Dissolved Salts (mg/Kg) Electrical Resistivity (Ω·cm) Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado October 22, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Supporting Information Contents: General Notes Unified Soil Classification System Note: All attachments are one page unless noted above. Auger Cuttings Modified California Ring Sampler Standard Penetration Test Facilities | Environmental |Geotechnical | Materials Unconfined Compressive Strength Qu (psf) 1,000 to 2,000 2,000 to 4,000 4,000 to 8,000 > 8,000 less than 500 500 to 1,000 Harmony Lakes - New Convenience Store 4315 E. Harmony Road | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 4862 Innovation Dr Ste 104 Fort Collins, CO N (HP) (T) (DCP) UC (PID) (OVA) Standard Penetration Test Resistance (Blows/Ft.) Hand Penetrometer Torvane Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Unconfined Compressive Strength Photo-Ionization Detector Organic Vapor Analyzer Water Level After a Specified Period of Time Water Level After a Specified Period of Time Cave In Encountered Water Level Field Tests Water Initially Encountered Sampling Water levels indicated on the soil boring logs are the levels measured in the borehole at the times indicated. Groundwater level variations will occur over time. In low permeability soils, accurate determination of groundwater levels is not possible with short term water level observations. General Notes Location And Elevation Notes Exploration point locations as shown on the Exploration Plan and as noted on the soil boring logs in the form of Latitude and Longitude are approximate. See Exploration and Testing Procedures in the report for the methods used to locate the exploration points for this project. Surface elevation data annotated with +/- indicates that no actual topographical survey was conducted to confirm the surface elevation. Instead, the surface elevation was approximately determined from topographic maps of the area. Soil classification as noted on the soil boring logs is based Unified Soil Classification System. Where sufficient laboratory data exist to classify the soils consistent with ASTM D2487 "Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes" this procedure is used. ASTM D2488 "Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)" is also used to classify the soils, particularly where insufficient laboratory data exist to classify the soils in accordance with ASTM D2487. In addition to USCS classification, coarse grained soils are classified on the basis of their in-place relative density, and fine-grained soils are classified on the basis of their consistency. See "Strength Terms" table below for details. The ASTM standards noted above are for reference to methodology in general. In some cases, variations to methods are applied as a result of local practice or professional judgment. Exploration/field results and/or laboratory test data contained within this document are intended for application to the project as described in this document. Use of such exploration/field results and/or laboratory test data should not be used independently of this document. Relevance of Exploration and Laboratory Test Results Descriptive Soil Classification > 30 15 - 30 8 - 15 4 - 8 2 - 4 0 - 1 Very Stiff Consistency of Fine-Grained Soils Bedrock (More than 50% retained on No. 200 sieve.) Density determined by Standard Penetration Resistance Relative Density of Coarse-Grained Soils < 3 Consistency Stiff Medium Stiff Soft Very Soft (50% or more passing the No. 200 sieve.) Consistency determined by laboratory shear strength testing, field visual-manual procedures or standard penetration resistance Strength Terms 6- 10 11 - 18 19 - 36 > 36 Standard Penetration or N-Value (Blows/Ft.) Ring Sampler (Blows/Ft.) Relative Density Very Loose Loose Standard Penetration or N-Value (Blows/Ft.) > 50 30 - 50 10 - 29 4 - 9 Ring Sampler (Blows/Ft.) Hard Medium Dense Dense Very Dense 0 - 5 6 - 14 > 80 Firm _ 47 - 79 Medium Hard Hard Very Hard Ring Sampler (Blows/Ft.) < 24 24 - 35 36 - 60 61 - 96 >79 15 - 46 0 - 3 3 - 5 Consistency Standard Penetration or N-Value (Blows/Ft.) < 20 20 - 29 30 - 49 50 - 79 > 96 Soft Geotechnical Engineering Report Harmony Lakes – Public Improvements | Fort Collins, Colorado Terracon Project No. 20255045 Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials Unified Soil Classification System Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Group Names Using Laboratory Tests A Soil Classification Group Symbol Group Name B Coarse-Grained Soils: Gravels: Clean Gravels: C ≥4 and 1≤Cc≤3 E F E F Gravels with Fines: C F, G, H F, G, H Sands: Clean Sands: D ≥6 and 1≤Cc≤3 E I E I Sands with Fines: D G, H, I G, H, I Fine-Grained Soils: Silts and Clays: Inorganic: 7 and plots above “A” line J K, L, M 4 or plots below “A” line J K, L, M Organic: 𝐿𝐿 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝐿 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑<0.75 K, L, M, N K, L, M, O Silts and Clays: Inorganic: PI plots on or above “A” line K, L, M PI plots below “A” line K, L, M Organic: 𝐿𝐿 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝐿 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑<0.75 K, L, M, P K, L, M, Q Highly organic soils: A Based on the material passing the 3 -inch (75-mm) sieve. B If field sample contained cobbles or boulders, or both, add “with cobbles or boulders, or both” to group name. C Gravels with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: GW -GM well- graded gravel with silt, GW -GC well-graded gravel with clay, GP -GM poorly graded gravel with silt, GP -GC poorly graded gravel with clay. D Sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: SW -SM well- graded sand with silt, SW -SC well -graded sand with clay, SP -SM poorly graded sand with silt, SP -SC poorly graded sand with clay. E Cu = D 60/D 10 Cc = F If soil contains ≥ 15% sand, add “with sand” to group name. G If fines classify as CL -ML, use dual symbol GC -GM, or SC -SM. H If fines are organic, add “with organic fines” to group name. I If soil contains ≥ 15% gravel, add “with gravel” to group name. J If Atterberg limits plot in shaded area, soil is a CL -ML, silty clay. K If soil contains 15 to 29% plus No. 200, add “with sand” or “with gravel,” whichever is predominant. L If soil contains ≥ 30% plus No. 200 predominantly sand, add “sandy” to group name. M If soil contains ≥ 30% plus No. 200, predominantly gravel, add “gravelly” to group name. N PI ≥ 4 and plots on or above “A” line. O PI < 4 or plots below “A” line. P PI plots on or above “A” line. Q PI plots below “A” line. 6010 2 30 DxD )(D