HomeMy WebLinkAboutReports - Environmental - 05/30/2014
360 Linden Street
Fort Collins, Colorado
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
May 30, 2014
Prepared for:
Blue Ocean Enterprises, Inc.
401 Mtn, Suite 200
Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
Prepared By:
Ecological Resource Consultants, Inc.
5672 Juhls Drive
Boulder, Colorado 80301
360 Linden Street - ESAI
360 Linden Street
Fort Collins, Colorado
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
May 30, 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
2. INTRODUCTION 4
2.1. Scope of Services ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Terminology......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Location and Legal Description ........................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Site and Vicinity General Characteristics ............................................................................................. 7
3. User provided Information 8
3.1 Interview with Owner.......................................................................................................................... 8
4. Records Review 8
4.1 Standard Environmental Record Sources ............................................................................................ 8
4.1.1 Federal ASTM Standards .................................................................................................................. 9
4.1.2 State ASTM Standards ...................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.3 Additional Environmental Records ................................................................................................. 10
4.1.4 Orphan Sites ................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.5 Summary of Environmental Records Review ................................................................................. 11
4.3 Physical Setting Source(s) .................................................................................................................. 16
4.4 Historical Use Information on the Property and Adjoining Properties ............................................. 16
4.4.1 Historical Topographic Mapping Review ........................................................................................ 17
4.4.2 Aerial Photography Review ............................................................................................................ 17
4.5 Sanborn Map Report Review ............................................................................................................ 20
4.6 Previous Investigations and Assessments ......................................................................................... 20
5. SITE RECONNAISSANCE 20
5.1 Methodology and Limiting Conditions .............................................................................................. 21
5.2 Exterior and Interior Observations of the Property .......................................................................... 21
5.3 Adjoining Properties (Off-Site Conditions) ........................................................................................ 23
6. INTERVIEWS 25
6.1 Interviews with Past and Present Owners and Occupants ............................................................... 25
6.2 Interviews with State/Local Government Officials ........................................................................... 26
7. Evaluation 26
7.1 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 26
8. QUALIFICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS 29
9. REFERENCES 30
10. APPENDICES 31
10.1 Site (Vicinity) Map (Yellow Line Depicts Approximate Site Boundary) ............................................ 32
10.2 Site Photographs ............................................................................................................................. 33
360 Linden Street - ESAI
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Ecological Resource Consultants, Inc. (ERC) performed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESAI) for
the approximately 1.68 (+/-) acre 360 Linden Street property located at the corner of Linden Street and
Willow Street in the City of Fort Collins, Larimer County, Colorado. The purpose of this ESAI is to identify,
to the extent feasible pursuant to the processes described herein, recognized environmental conditions
(REC’s) in connection with the property and to determine the extent to which any sources of hazardous
waste or petroleum product is likely to impact the property. The report has been prepared in accordance
with current established practices referred to as American Society for Testing and Materials 1527-13
(ASTM 2013).
Findings, Opinions, and Conclusions
1. A search of available ("reasonably ascertainable ") government records identified 42 recorded sites
either on the property or within standard search radius per ASTM 2013 (EDR 2014b).
The target property was identified in 1 record for state registered USTs. The EDR report identified 2
registered tanks which are listed as “Permanently Closed”. As part of Permanent UST closure, the
Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety (OPS) requires an owner/operator to empty and clean the UST
by removing all liquids and accumulated sludges (C.C.R. 1101-14). All tanks taken out of service
permanently must also be either removed from the ground or filled with an inert solid material. The two
USTs previously reported on the property have not been considered a REC on the property as these have
been registered with the State and permanently closed. However, the user should be aware that these
USTs were likely previously present and removal and/or final cleanup has not been confirmed as part of
this ESAI.
The 41 remaining government records were determined to be either downgradient (lower elevation) from
the property, records of remediation or closure, voluntary applications and/or records of compliant sites.
Therefore, these sites are not considered a potential REC to the property.
2. The property appears to have been developed with structures and completely cleared of structures
numerous times in the past 128 years. According to Sanborn maps, structures or observable features
including a roadway that crosses the center of the property are present from 1886 to 1909 (EDR 2014a).
From 1917 to 1948 no structures are depicted on the property and numerous railroad lines dominate in
the vicinity of the property. From 1960 to 1969 the property is depicted as developed, with no roadway
through the property. In 1971, the property is again undeveloped and from at least 1988 until 2014 the
property remained developed with several structures. The current use of the property is a concrete and
masonry construction business which is comprised of an office, two garages and a storage yard known as
“Kiefer Concrete, Inc.” The property is located at 360 Willow Street which appears to have been built
between 1988 and 1993. Historic record review indicates the property has been developed and used in
various capacities at least for the past 128 years. While there is no direct evidence of a REC from historic
landuse practices, this time period of use indicates a higher potential for contamination.
3. ERC submitted an ASTM 2013 Standard “User Questionnaire” to the current property representative,
Mr. Brandon Grebe (April 24, 2014). The response received indicated the potential presence of buried
trash and ash on the property and surrounding properties. Specifically, per the questionnaire: “Properties
near the site on the river tend to have old ash and cinders as it was an old dumping ground.” The email
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
received from the soil engineer stated ‘Of note, there is up to 5 feet of trash (cinders, ash) fill covering the
site.’” The presence of any buried substances or the composition of any such materials has not been
confirmed as part of this ESAI. While the potential presence of such materials may not specifically be
considered a REC, it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
4. ERC interviewed the owner of the property (Jerry Kiefer – President Kiefer Concrete) via questionnaire
(April 30, 2014). The owner stated the property is currently used as a parking lot/storage and previous use
was a ready mix plant. Response received did not indicate any potential contamination indicators and/or
any known activity/use limitations in place at the property or which may have been filed against the
property. The owner provided letters which summarized past soil contamination on the property which
was identified at the time of the removal of two (2) 4,000 gallon USTs. Samples were collected from the
property on December 5, 1989 at the North Excavation/Diesel Tank and South Excavation/Gas Tank and
tested for total petroleum hydrocarbon. The results indicated the diesel tank was “ND” or not detected
for total petroleum hydrocarbon; however, the gas tank results were above the detectable limit. The letter
summarized that “Petroleum contamination in the south excavation displays the characteristics of aged
gasoline”.
The USTs identified on the property were registered with the state and are listed as “Permanently Closed”
(C.C.R. 1101-14). As part of permanent closure, soil testing and remediation of potential contamination
is required by the state. The two USTs previously reported on the property have not been considered a
REC on the property because they are listed as closed however, the user should be aware that final cleanup
has not been confirmed as part of this ESAI.
5. The exterior of the property was inspected by ERC during site reconnaissance. The western portion of
the property appears to be used as a storage yard for equipment and machinery. Petroleum products were
observed in this portion of the property stored in a small tank (approximately 50 gallon) and leaking from
machinery. Contamination indicators included localized surface soil staining on the ground surface
throughout the western portion of the property. The source of soil staining appears to be from typical
machinery leaking petroleum products however the exact origin, type and extent was not verified as part
of this ESAI. While the surface staining may be considered a de minimis condition and not a specific REC,
it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
On the far eastern portion of the property, a green 55 gallon drum was observed to be laying on the
ground. The drum was not labeled and a small pour spout appeared to be open with minor residue
observed on the spout and ground surface. The exact origin, type and extent of residue observed near the
55 gallon drum was not verified as part of this ESAI. While the minor residue and presence of an empty
drum may be considered a de minimis condition and not a specific REC, it does infer a higher potential for
contamination.
6. The interior of the buildings were inspected by ERC. The office building appeared to be relatively clean
and well maintained with no noticeable contamination indicators observed.
Site reconnaissance of garage #1 and garage #2 revealed that hazardous substances and petroleum
products are used and stored on the property.
The chemicals stored in garage #1 appear to be typical of an industrial garage and include 5 gallon buckets
of sealers, primers, finishes, enamels, concrete curing compounds, adhesives, epoxy coating material,
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
xylene, and bags of concrete. At the time of the site reconnaissance, the storage area contained a strong
gasoline/solvent odor. Contamination indicators observed in garage #1 include minor petroleum staining
in the tool shed and staining on the concrete floor of the storage area which is likely confined to the
surface interior of the garage. Several components of the substances stored in the garage are listed as
EPA hazardous substances, however the quantities appear to be below reportable thresholds. While the
presence of such hazardous materials and minor staining may be considered a de minimis condition and
not a specific REC, it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
An oil changing station is located on the far eastern side of the automotive repair area in garage #1.
Petroleum products are used and stored in this area with noticeable contamination indicators observed
including concrete staining. The area contained a larger storage vessel which was heavily soiled by
petroleum around the exterior. A central floor drain runs beneath the automotive repair area which
appears to intercept interior spills/leaks. While the presence and use of such petroleum products and
minor staining in close vicinity to a floor drain (within unknown connection) may be considered a de
minimis condition and not a specific REC, it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
Based on the fact that the property has been in a relatively heavy industrial area and utilized in various
capacity for over 128 years, on site storage of hazardous substances and petroleum products and presence
of surface contamination indicators, ERC recommends additional investigation to confirm the
presence/absence of potential contamination. While identified contamination indictors, hazardous
materials, petroleum products and potential presence of suspect buried materials on the property may be
considered a de minimis condition and not specific individual RECs, collectively current conditions on the
property infer a higher potential for site contamination, therefore further testing and/or additional
investigation is recommended.
7. Specifically the following potential concerns should be further investigated.
a. Prior to any land use changes, demolishment or abandonment of the buildings, all materials,
hazardous and non-hazardous should be properly disposed. A more thorough inventory of materials
present may be necessary to determine proper disposal requirements.
b. Soil staining in the east and west parking areas should be further analyzed to ensure staining is
isolated to the immediate surface and has not migrated downward into the deeper soils and/or
groundwater.
c. Sampling is recommended of the remaining drum and residue in the eastern portion of the
property.
d. Sampling of the floor drain in garage #1 should be completed to ensure contamination is not
present in the drain. The flow path connection of the floor drain should also be verified.
e. Initial soil reports indicated buried ash may be present on the property and surrounding properties
from past dumping activities. The presence and composition of any such materials should be
confirmed. Soil and potentially groundwater samples are warranted to verify the presence and
composition of potential materials in determination of potential contamination.
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
8. ERC has performed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment in conformance with the scope and
limitations of ASTM Practice (ASTM 2013) of the property referred to herein as 360 Linden Street. Any
exceptions to, or deletions from, this practice are described in Section 2.1 of this report.
2. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this ESAI is to identify, to the extent feasible pursuant to the processes prescribed herein,
RECs in connection with the property. This ESAI has been conducted in accordance with the American
Society for Testing and Materials 1527-13 (ASTM 2013) which has been developed as a practice to define
good commercial and customary practices of a parcel of commercial real estate with respect to the range
of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA) (42 U.S.C. §9601) and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to
permit a user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous property
owner, or bona fide prospective purchaser limitations on CERCLA liability (hereinafter, the “landowner
liability protections,” or “LLPs”): that is, the practice that constitutes all appropriate inquiries into the
previous ownership and uses of the property consistent with good commercial and customary practice as
defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B).
This practice is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to assess the environmental
condition of commercial real estate taking into account commonly known and reasonably ascertainable
information. While use of this practice is intended to constitute all appropriate inquiries for purposes of
the LLPs, it is not intended that its use be limited to that purpose. This practice is intended primarily as an
approach to conducting an inquiry designed to identify recognized environmental conditions in connection
with a property (ASTM 2013).
2.1. Scope of Services
This ESAI report has been prepared for the exclusive use of Blue Ocean Enterprises, Inc. and in general
accordance with the agreement between Blue Ocean Enterprises, Inc. and ERC dated April 16, 2014. This
work has been performed for the sole purpose of assisting in the evaluation of REC’s associated with the
property. This ESAI report is not intended to be relied upon by any other party.
The Scope of Services for this ESAI per ASTM 2013 and the agreement was limited to the following
activities for the property:
• Records Review – a search of available environmental, physical and historical records.
• Site Reconnaissance – to obtain site specific information related to the likelihood of identifying
recognized environmental conditions or potential areas of environmental concern.
• Interviews – with appropriate owners, users and local government officials that may have knowledge
of the site.
• Report Documentation – which states methodologies utilized, summarizes findings and presents
opinions and conclusions.
• No sampling or testing of soils, groundwater, or building materials or any subsurface investigation was
conducted.
Information used in this report regarding operations and conditions has been obtained in part by company
personnel, its employees or agents, or various government officials, and have been assumed by ERC to be
correct and complete. Conclusions and recommendations made in this report are based solely on the
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information presented herein. This report is not meant to represent a legal opinion. No other warranty,
expressed or implied, is made. The findings presented herein are based upon observations of property
conditions as of the date the assessment was performed and a review of reasonably ascertainable
standard records sources.
2.2 Terminology
Throughout this ESAI report, italicized terms refer to specific definitions set forth in Section 3.2 of ASTM
2013. Some of the specific definitions relating to ESAIs are included below:
commercial real estate — any real property except a dwelling or property with no more than four dwelling
units exclusively for residential use (except that a dwelling or property with no more than four dwelling
units exclusively for residential use is included in this term when it has a commercial function, as in the
building of such dwellings for profit). This term includes but is not limited to undeveloped real property
and real property used for industrial, retail, office, agricultural, other commercial, medical, or educational
purposes; property used for residential purposes that has more than four residential dwelling units; and
property with no more than four dwelling units for residential use when it has a commercial function, as
in the building of such dwellings for profit.
contamination indicators – on site conditions that could indicate the presences of potential contaminant
such as: stressed vegetation (other than weather related); spillage/leakage of hazardous materials;
stained soils or other surfaces; leachate or waste seeps; waste materials or disposal areas; construction
demolition debris; drums, barrels, vaults or containers which presently or could have formerly contained
hazardous or suspect materials; unusual odors, apparent noxious industrial air emissions, or apparent
structures such as laboratory hoods or incinerators; surface water discoloration, odor, sheen or free
floating product.
controlled recognized environmental condition—a recognized environmental condition resulting from a
past release of hazardous substances or petroleum products that has been addressed to the satisfaction
of the applicable regulatory authority (for example, as evidenced by the issuance of a no further action
letter or equivalent, or meeting risk-based criteria established by regulatory authority), with hazardous
substances or petroleum products allowed to remain in place subject to the implementation of required
controls (for example, property use restrictions, activity and use limitations, institutional controls, or
engineering controls).
de minimis condition — a condition that generally does not present a threat to human health or the
environment and that generally would not be the subject of an enforcement action if brought to the
attention of appropriate governmental agencies. Conditions determined to be de minimis conditions are
not recognized environmental conditions nor controlled recognized environmental conditions.
hazardous substance — a substance defined as a hazardous substance pursuant to CERCLA 42
U.S.C.§9601(14), as interpreted by EPA regulations and the courts:“ (A) any substance designated
pursuant to section 1321(b)(2)(A) of Title 33, (B) any element, compound, mixture, solution, or substance
designated pursuant to section 9602 of this title, (C) any hazardous waste having the characteristics
identified under or listed pursuant to section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
of 1976, as amended, (42 U.S.C. §6921) (but not including any waste the regulation of which under RCRA
(42 U.S.C.§§6901 et seq.) has been suspended by Act of Congress), (D) any toxic pollutant listed under
section 1317(a) of Title 33, (E) any hazardous air pollutant listed under section 112 of the Clean Air Act (42
U.S.C. §7412), and (F) any imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture with respect to which the
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
Administrator (of EPA) has taken action pursuant to section 2606 of Title 15. The term does not include
petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof which is not otherwise specifically listed or
designated as a hazardous substance under subparagraphs (A) through (F) of this paragraph, and the term
does not include natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas usable for fuel (or
mixtures of natural gas and such synthetic gas).”
historical recognized environmental condition—a past release of any hazardous substances or petroleum
products that has occurred in connection with the property and has been addressed to the satisfaction of
the applicable regulatory authority or meeting unrestricted use criteria established by a regulatory
authority, without subjecting the property to any required controls (for example, property use restrictions,
activity and use limitations, institutional controls, or engineering controls).
material threat – A physically observable or obvious threat which is reasonably likely to release that, in
the opinion of the environmental professional, is threatening and might result in impact to public health
or the environment.
petroleum products—those substances included within the meaning of the petroleum exclusion to
CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. §9601(14), as interpreted by the courts and EPA, that is: petroleum, including crude oil
or any fraction thereof which is not otherwise specifically listed or designated as a hazardous substance
under Subparagraphs (A) through (F) of 42 U.S.C. § 9601(14), natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied
natural gas, and synthetic gas usable for fuel (or mixtures of natural gas and such synthetic gas). (The word
fraction refers to certain distillates of crude oil, including gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, jet fuels, and fuel
oil, pursuant to Standard Definitions of Petroleum Statistics.4)
property - the real property that is the subject of the environmental site assessment described in ASTM
2013. Real property includes buildings and other fixtures and improvements located on the property and
affixed to the land.
Recognized Environmental Condition (REC) – the presence or likely presence of any hazardous substances
or petroleum products in, on, or at a property: (1) due to release to the environment; (2) under conditions
indicative of a release to the environment; or (3) under conditions that pose a material threat of a future
release to the environment. De minimis conditions are not recognized environmental conditions.
release or threatened release — the first element for establishing CERCLA liability is that there must be a
release or threatened release of hazardous substances from a facility or a vessel. A release or threatened
release of a hazardous substance includes any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,
discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping or disposing into the environment (including the
abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers and other closed receptacles containing any hazardous
substance, or pollutant or contaminant.
use — the party seeking to use this ESAI of the property. A user may include, without limitation, a potential
purchaser of property, a potential tenant of property, an owner of property, a lender, or a property
manager.
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
2.3 Location and Legal Description
The property is approximately 1.68 acres of land and currently comprised of an office building, two garages
and a storage yard. The property occurs southeast of the intersection of Willow Street and Linden Street.
The legal description of the property was provided as 360 Linden Street (Parcel 9712213016) located in
Township: 07 north, Range: 69 west, Section: 12, Larimer, County, Colorado. The geographic coordinates
at the center of the property are Latitude 40.5891000, Longitude - 105.0722000.
A site location map is included as Appendix 10.1.
2.4 Site and Vicinity General Characteristics
Location
2014b)
Vegetation
Property
Groundwater
Soils (EDR 2014b)
Water
Satanta - loam
Riverwash - very gravelly sand
Loveland - clay loam
Previous Use
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
3. USER PROVIDED INFORMATION
The following information has been provided by the user as part of “all appropriate inquires” in order to
qualify for an LLP to RERCLA liability.
3.1 Interview with Owner
ERC submitted an ASTM 2013 Standard “User Questionnaire” to the current property representative, Mr.
Brandon Grebe (April 24, 2014). The response received indicated the potential presence of buried trash
and ash. Specifically, per the questionnaire: “Properties near the site on the river tend to have old ash and
cinders as it was an old dumping ground. The email received from the soil engineer stated ‘Of note, there
is up to 5 feet of trash (cinders, ash) fill covering the site.’” The presence of any buried substances nor the
composition of any such materials was not confirmed as part of this ESAI.
4. RECORDS REVIEW
The purpose of the records review is to obtain and review records that will help identify REC’s in
connection with the property. Some records to be reviewed pertain not just to the property but also
pertain to properties within an additional approximate minimum search distance in order to help assess
the likelihood of problems from migrating hazardous substances or petroleum products. ASTM 2013
requires that record information shall be reviewed from standard sources, and the user or environmental
professional is required to review only record information that is reasonably ascertainable from those
standard sources.
4.1 Standard Environmental Record Sources
Files from federal, state and local agencies were reviewed for environmentally related issues pertinent to
the property and nearby parcels. The sources of information listed below were researched to identify
REC’s within the distances specified by ASTM 2013. ERC used Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR)
an environmental database search service, to obtain data contained in these tables. EDR accesses publicly
available environmental databases maintained by different federal and state agencies.
A Radius Map report was obtained from EDR for use in preparation of this ESAI (EDR 2014b). The EDR
report was obtained to fulfill the requirements pertaining to standard environmental record sources as
well as supplementary information considered additional environmental records.
A summary of the data search results for federal, state and local databases are provided below. Sites with
known addresses are indicated with the associated category and search radius below. Sites without a
complete address are listed under orphan sites (Section 4.2).
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4.1.1 Federal ASTM Standards
4.1.2 State ASTM Standards
Identification Search Radius Sites Identified
State Hazardous Waste (SHWS) N/A N/A
Solid Waste Sites and Facilities (SWF/LF) 0.50 mile None
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) 0.50 mile
LUST Trust Sites (LUST TRUST) 0.50 mile
Leaking Aboveground Storage Tank (LAST) 0.50 mile None
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks on Indian Land
(Indian LUST) 0.50 mile None
8
1
2
4
0.50 mile None
Identification Search Radius Sites Identified
National Priority list (NPL) 1.00 mile None
Proposed National Priority List Sites (Proposed NPL) 1.00 mile None
Federal Superfund Liens (NPL LIENS) Target Property None
Delisted National Priority List (NPL) 1.00 mile None
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Information (CERCLIS and 0.50 mile None
0.50 mile 2
RCRA Corrective Action Sites (CORRACTS) 1.00 mile
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information
– Transport, Storage and Disposal (RCRA-TSDF) 0.50 mile None
0.25 mile 2
U.S. Engineering Controls 0.50 mile None
U.S. Institutional Controls 0.50 mile None
Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS) Target Property None
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
4.1.3 Additional Environmental Records
Identification Search Radius Sites Identified
US BROWNFIELDS 0.50 mile
Open Dump Inventory (ODI) 0.50 mile None
Torres Martinez Reservation Illegal Dump Site
Locations (DEBRIS REGION 9) 0.50 mile None
Target Property None
2
Listing (HIST FTTS) Target Property None
Target Property None
Target Property None
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
Identification Search Radius Sites Identified
Asbestos Abatement & Demolition Projects
(ASBESTOS) Target Property None
0.50 mile None
0.25 mile None
Target Property None
0.50 mile None
Target Property None
Target Property None
Target Property None
Target Property None
Tank Target Property None
4.1.4 Orphan Sites
Nineteen (19) orphan sites were identified as part of the database search. Orphan sites are sites located
in the general vicinity of the property that are listed in databases searched by the EDR Radius Check, but
cannot be mapped due to inadequate address information. ERC located these sites on a regional map and
determined all of the sites to be well outside of the ASTM 2013 search radius and/or located down
gradient of the property. The orphan sites are not considered a potential REC to the property.
4.1.5 Summary of Environmental Records Review
A search of available ("reasonably ascertainable ") government records identified 42 recorded sites either
on the property or within standard search radius per ASTM 2013 (EDR 2014b). The target property was
identified in 1 record for state registered UST. The EDR report identified 2 registered tanks which are listed
as “Permanently Closed”. All tanks taken out of service permanently must also be either removed from
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the ground or filled with an inert solid material. Therefore, the former USTs on the property are not
considered a potential REC to the property.
The 41 remaining government records were determined to be either downgradient (lower elevation) from
the property, records of remediation or closure, voluntary applications and/or records of compliant sites.
Therefore, these sites are not considered a potential REC to the property.
Following is a summary of the results:
Federal CERCLIS No Further Remedial Action Planned (CERC-NFRAP) Site List
Archived sites are sites that have been removed and archived from the inventory of CERCLIS sites.
A review of the CERCLIS-NFRAP list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there
are 2 sites within approximately 0.5 miles of the target property:
• COLORADO FLOOD SITES, ON COLLEGE AVE AND FT C
• POUDRE RIVER SITE, NEAR 200 WILLOW STREET
Archived status indicates that, to the best of EPA’s knowledge, assessment at a site has been completed
and that EPA has determined no further steps will be taken to list this site on the National Priorities List
(NPL). These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
Federal RCRA Corrective Action Sites (CORRACTS) Facilities List
Report shows which nationally-defined corrective action core events have occurred for every handler that
has had corrective action activity.
A review of the RCRA-CORRACTS list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there
are 2 sites within approximately 1 mile of the target property:
• POINT - FIVE WINDOWS INC, 1001 BUCKINGHAM ST – Lower elevation.
• COLORADO IMPORT MOTORS, 1113 N COLLEGE AVE – Equal/higher elevation. Action has been
remediated.
•
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
Federal RCRA Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (RCRA – CESQG) List
The database includes selective information on sites which generate, transport, store, treat and/or
dispose of hazardous waste as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQGs) generate less than 100 kg of hazardous waste,
or less than 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per month.
A review of the RCRA – CESQG list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there are
2 sites within approximately 1 mile of the target property:
• NEW BELGIUM BREWING CO INC, 500 LINDEN ST – Lower elevation.
• HIDDEN TREASURE STRIPPING, 400 JEFFERSON ST – Equal/higher elevation. Located 389 feet
south/southwest from the property. The EDR report indicates a violation on 02/12/2003.
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Compliance was achieved on 03/31/2003 with no subsequent violations reported in the RCRA-
CESQG database to date.
•
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
State Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) List
The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Incident Reports contain an inventory of reported leaking
underground storage tank incidents.
A review of the LUST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there are 14 sites
within approximately 0.5 miles of the target property:
Lower Elevation
• RANCH-WAY INC, 546 WILLOW ST – Closed
• WESTERN FOOD PRODUCTS CO INC, 500 RIVERSIDE AVE – Closed
Equal/Higher Elevation
• ARROWSTAR GLAS, 216 N COLLEGE AVE – Closed
• DOWNTOWN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, 185 N COLLEGE AVE – Closed
• SCHRADER OIL CO BULK PLANT, 320 N COLLEGE AVE REAR – Closed
• LARIMER COUNTY COURT HOUSE, 200 W OAK ST – Closed
• J & M PRECISION IMPORT CAR SER, 425 N COLLEGE AVE – Closed
• CSU RESEARCH FOUNDATION FACILI, 429 N COLLEGE AVE – Closed
• TEXACO BULK PLANT #51-633, 201 MAPLE – Closed
• DREILING BUILDING, 238 S COLLEGE AVE – Closed
• SINCLAIR BULK FUEL STORAGE, 208 MAPLE ST – Closed
• LARIMER COUNTY JUSTICE CENTER, 201 LA PORTE – Closed
• HAISTON OIL CO INC, 225 MAPLE ST – Closed
• GOODING CONOCO, 301 S COLLEGE – Closed
The status of the 14 LUST sites per the EDR report is “Closed”. Per the EPA, site closure is achieved when
the remaining contamination in the soil, surface water, groundwater, or air meets a risk or cleanup
threshold determined not to pose a threat to human health or the environment.
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
State LUST Trust Sites (LUST TRUST)
Reimbursement application package. The fund reimburses eligible applicants for allowable costs incurred
in cleaning up petroleum contamination from underground and aboveground petroleum storage tanks,
as well as for third-party liability expenses.
A review of the LUST TRUST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there are 4
sites within approximately 0.5 miles of the target property:
Lower Elevation
• RANCH-WAY INC, 546 WILLOW ST – Denied
• STINNETT PROPERTY, 622 N COLLEGE AVE – Withdrawn
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
Equal/Higher Elevation
• SCHRADER OIL CO, BULK PLANT 320 N COLLEGE AVE REAR – Approved
• HAISTON OIL CO, INC 225 MAPLE ST – Approved
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
State Registered Underground Storage Tank (UST) List
The Underground Storage Tank database contains registered USTs. UST’s are regulated under Subtitle I of
RCRA and must be registered with the state department responsible for administering the UST program.
A review of the UST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 4/17/2014 has revealed that there is 1 registered
UST site on the target property:
• KIEFER CONCRETE INC, 360 LINDEN: (1) Gasoline UST installed 4/7/85, Permanently Closed
(1) Diesel UST installed 4/7/78, Permanently Closed
The two USTs previously reported on the property have not been considered a REC on the property as
these have been registered with the state and permanently closed. The user should be aware that these
USTs were likely previously present and removal and/or final cleanup has not been confirmed as part of
this ESAI.
A review of the UST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 4/17/2014 has revealed that there are 8 UST sites
within approximately 0.25 miles of the target property:
Lower Elevation
• RANCH-WAY INC, 546 WILLOW ST – Permanently Closed
• POUDRE PRE-MIX INC, 418 LINDEN ST – Permanently Closed
• RANCH-WAY INC, 416 LINDEN – Permanently Closed
Equal/Higher Elevation
• WESTERN CONVENIENCE STORE INC, 382 E MOUNTAIN – Permanently Closed
• NELSENS AUTO ELECTRIC, 361 E MOUNTAIN AVE – Permanently Closed
• MOUNTAIN VIEW TIRE & SERVICE C, 221 E MOUNTAIN AVE – Permanently Closed
• KENS MUFFLER SHOP, 200 N COLLEGE ST – Permanently Closed
• ARROWSTAR GLAS 216 N COLLEGE AVE W – Permanently Closed
The status of the tanks is listed as “Permanently Closed” in the EDR report. As part of Permanent UST
closure, the Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety (OPS) requires an owner/operator to empty and
clean the UST by removing all liquids and accumulated sludges (C.C.R. 1101-14). All tanks taken out of
service permanently must also be either removed from the ground or filled with an inert solid material.
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
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State Registered Aboveground Storage Tank (AST) list
The Aboveground Storage Tank database contains registered ASTs. USTs are regulated under Subtitle I of
RCRA and must be registered with the state department responsible for administering the AST program.
A review of the AST list, as provided by EDR, and dated 4/17/2014 has revealed that there are 2 registered
AST site within approximately 0.25 miles of the target property:
Lower Elevation
• RANCH-WAY INC 546 WILLOW ST – (1) Currently In Use; (1) Permanently Closed
Equal/Higher Elevation
• FM ROOFING, 416 JEFFERSON – Permanently Closed
Tanks listed as “Currently In Use” are registered with the state and must be in compliance with the Division
of Oil and Public Safety (OPS) Petroleum Storage Tank Regulations 7 C.C.R. 1101-14.
Tanks listed as “Permanently Closed” are required by the state OPS (per the Petroleum Storage Tank
Regulations 7 C.C.R. 1101-14) to be empty and clean by removing all liquids and accumulated sludges.
Site are assess for contamination per OPS requirements.
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
State Voluntary Cleanup & Redevelopment Act (VCP) Sites
Sites for which the Voluntary Cleanup Program has received applications. The Voluntary Cleanup and
Redevelopment Act is intended to permit and encourage voluntary cleanups by providing a method to
determine clean-up responsibilities in planning the reuse of property. The VCRA was intended for sites
which were not covered by existing regulatory programs.
A review of the VCP sites, as provided by EDR, and dated 4/17/2014 has revealed that there are 4 sites
within approximately 0.5 miles of the target property:
Lower Elevation
• LEGACY SENIOR RESIDENCES, 411 LINDEN STREET – Approved
• FT COLLINS NORTHSIDE AZTLAN, 200 WILLOW STREET – Approved
Equal/Higher Elevation
• FT COLLINS RR REALIGN, COLLEGE & WILLOW – Denied. Located 1687 feet northwest from the
property.
• ENGINES & ENERGY CONVERSION LA, 430 N COLLEGE AVE – Approved. Located 2096 ft
north/northwest from the property.
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
Local Brownfield List
A brownfield site is real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated
by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. The EPA’s
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
listing provides information on Brownfields properties for which information is reported back to EPA, as
well as areas served by Brownfields grant programs.
A review of the US BROWNFIELDS list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there
is 1 site within approximately 0.5 miles of the target property:
• FORT COLLINS AZTLAN CENTER – Equal/higher elevation. Located 1646 ft northwest from the
property at a 3 foot higher elevation. Records indicate cleanup required for coal tar; groundwater
and soils were affected. The US EPA website (http://cfpub.epa.gov/bf_factsheets/index.cfm)
further details that a cleanup grant was announced for the site in 2013. No further information
regarding the status of remediation is provided.
This site have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
RCRA Non-Generators (RCRA-NonGen) List
The database includes selective information on sites which generate, transport, store, treat and/or
dispose of hazardous waste as defined by RCRA. Non-Generators do not presently generate hazardous
waste.
A review of the RCRA-NonGen list, as provided by EDR, and dated 04/17/2014 has revealed that there are
2 sites within approximately 0.25 miles of the target property:
Equal/Higher Elevation
• PARAMONT LAUNDRY & CLEANERS IN, 300 EAST MOUNTAIN AVE
• VACANT BUILDING, 216 COLLEGE AVE
These sites have not been considered a potential REC to the property as part of this ESAI.
4.3 Physical Setting Source(s)
The records review requirement of ASTM 2013 requires that environmental information about the
property include a review of a physical setting source. The specific physical setting source required to be
reviewed is a current USGS 7.5 Minute Topographic Map showing the area on which the property is
located be reviewed (ASTM 2013). The USGS 7.5 Minute Quad Map, Fort Collins Quad (1984) with the
property clearly indicated is included as Appendix 10.1.
The USGS 7.5 Minute Quad Map, Fort Collins (1984) depicts the property in a heavily developed area with
clusters of buildings located immediately around the property. A railroad line boarders the northern
property boundary and a second railroad line is located nearby to the south. Topography is generally level
across the property. The USGS 7.5 Minute Quad Map, Fort Collins (1984) does not depict any structures
on the property. No other map features are identified on the property that would represent or indicate a
REC.
4.4 Historical Use Information on the Property and Adjoining Properties
The following discussions are presented for the purpose of compiling historical information on the
activities that occurred on and adjacent to the property. All obvious uses of the property have been
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identified from the present, back to the property’s first developed use, or back to 1886, whichever is
earlier.
ERC researched land use activities on the property to identify potential sources of contamination or
activities that could impact the property. Historical characterization of the property was developed from
the following sources:
• Historical Topographic Maps (USGS 15 Minute Quad Map, Denver, 1901) (EDR 2014d)
• Historical Topographic Maps (USGS 30 Minute Quad Map, Livermore, 1909) (EDR 2014d)
• Historical Topographic Maps (USGS 7.5 Minute Quad Map, Fort Collins, 1960, 1969, 1984) (EDR 2014d)
• Google Earth Imagery (1999, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012) (Google Earth 2014)
• Aerial Photos (1969, 1971, 1978, 1988, 1993, 1999, 2005, 2011) (EDR 2014c)
• Aerial Photos (2013) (USDA-FSA 2013)
• The EDR Certified Sanborn Report (1886, 1891, 1895, 1901, 1906, 1909, 1917, 1925, 1948, 1961 (EDR
2014a)
4.4.1 Historical Topographic Mapping Review
ERC reviewed available historical topographic maps (EDR 2014d) for the vicinity of the property. A brief
summary of findings for each map reviewed is provided in Table 4.4.1.
Table 4.4.1 Topographic Map Summary
Property
1908
the property. One road crosses the
property from southwest to northeast.
located to the north of the property. Several structures
are depicted along the railroad
property. The Cache La Poudre river is depicted to the
north of the property. What are currently known as
Jefferson Street and East Lincoln Avenue are depicted
in their current day alignments to the south and east
property
1909 property property
1960 on the property. The road, previously
depicted in 1908, no longer crosses the
property
of the property along Jefferson Street. Several
1969
1984 property
4.4.2 Aerial Photography Review
Reasonably ascertainable aerial photographs (Google Earth 2014, EDR 2014c, USDA-FSA 2013) reviewed
by ERC that provided a visual assessment of physical features on the property and vicinity are summarized
in Table 4.4.2.
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Table 4.4.2. Aerial Photograph Summary
Date Property Adjacent Properties
1969
center of the property. The remainder of the
property is undeveloped.
Street to the south and East Lincoln Avenue
to the east are depicted generally in their
current day configuration. Surrounding land
is generally developed with building
structures visible to the south, to the west
(across Linden Street) and to the north of
the property. Land to the east of East Lincoln
1971 property
1978 property
1988 photograph. property otherwise little or no change from
1993 property
1999
numerous smaller features such as
vehicles/equipment are visible on the
western side of the property and located
adjacent to the buildings. A small square pad
or foundation block is visible on the
southwest side of the property adjacent to a
photograph.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2009
2011
2012 the property is no longer present; photograph.
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Date Property Adjacent Properties
building’s location. No other changes from
previous photograph.
2013
no longer visible on the southwest side of
the property. A new (unknown) structure
appears on the northwest side of the
property
photograph.
Aerial Image Review Summary
Approximately Property Indicated by Red Line
1969
2013
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4.5 Sanborn Map Report Review
Based on a search of the complete holdings of the Sanborn Library, LLC collection, the results of the
certified Sanborn Map Report found ten years of fire insurance maps covering the property, dating back
128 years (EDR 2014a).
Sanborn maps reviewed by for the property and vicinity are summarized in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5. Sanborn Map Summary
Date Property Adjacent Properties
1886 the property. Chestnut Street crosses the
center of the property from southwest to
(across Linden Street) and to the north
(across Willow Street). Lindell Mills is
1917
property
property other than the Mill to the north.
The property is bordered on the north and
south by railroad lines with several other
railroad lines located in the vicinity.
A freight depot is depicted to the south of
property
1948 additional building structures are depicted
property
1961
through the property. A cement mixing plant
is depicted in the general location of
Chestnut Street, within the center of the
property
property
offices, storage warehouse.
4.6 Previous Investigations and Assessments
No previous investigations or ESAI’s were available for review. The user was unaware of any previous
investigations or ESAI’s.
5. SITE RECONNAISSANCE
The objective of the site reconnaissance is to obtain information indicating the likelihood of identifying
potential REC’s in connection with the property. The site reconnaissance requires a visit to the property
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
by the Environmental Professional to visually and/or physically observe any structure(s) located on the
property to the extent not obstructed by bodies of water, adjacent buildings, or other obstacles shall be
observed.
5.1 Methodology and Limiting Conditions
ERC (Diane Krzysztof, Environmental Professional) conducted the site reconnaissance on April 24, 2014.
The site reconnaissance included a walk-through of the grounds to identify evidence of activities,
conditions and/or contamination indicators that may be relevant to this assessment. Observations made
during the site reconnaissance of current conditions and potential indicators of REC’s. Areas both within
and around the property boundaries were investigated. The property was systematically traversed, first
by walking the exterior property boundaries from public right-of-ways and secondly internally. General
layout of observed features are depicted in Figure 5.3. Photos of the property were taken as part of the
site reconnaissance and are presented in Appendix 10.2. Weather conditions during the site
reconnaissance were clear and warm (70˚F). The site reconnaissance was not impeded by snow or any
type of weather condition that would obscure the ground surface from a visual survey.
5.2 Exterior and Interior Observations of the Property
The approximately 1.68 acre property is situated at the intersection of Linden Street and Willow Street at
an average elevation of 4,980 feet AMSL. The property is bordered by Linden Street (2-lane) to the west,
Willow Street (2-lane) to the north, and East Lincoln Avenue (2-lane) to the east. Metal fencing delineates
the property boundary. The property is used as a concrete and masonry construction business and
contains an office, two garages and a storage yard known as “Kiefer Concrete, Inc.” The buildings are
located within the central/eastern portion of the property (Photo 1). The property is generally non-
vegetated and underlain by sand and gravel material with concrete slab immediately around the buildings.
The perimeter of the property is sparsely vegetated with low growing upland grasses and weeds common
to the region with several trees located behind the main office building.
The western portion of the property appears to be used as a storage yard for equipment and machinery
including commercial trucks, skid-steers, trailers and a parked semi-truck. A concrete/stone structure is
located in northwest corner of the property, backfilled with sand and gravel material (Photo 4). This
portion of the property contained construction materials on the ground surface (bricks, steel and concrete
pouring forms), demolition debris and lumber stored on trailers, heavy equipment parts/attachments, 55
gallon drum racks and a small engine on a trailer. These materials appeared to be generally in good
condition with no obvious indicators of contamination observed. One metal tank (approximately 50
gallons) was observed on the back of small trailer (Photo 2). The tank and the trailer were rusted and
heavily soiled by petroleum with new rubber tubing observed attached to the tank. Localized surface soil
staining was observed on the ground surface throughout the western portion of the property (Photo 4).
A semi-truck which is parked on the southwest side of the property contained a large surface soil stain
beneath the approximately 40 foot long truck (Photo 3). In the far southwest portion of the property,
behind the semi-truck, an approximately 200 square foot area of the ground surface appeared to be
discolored (greyish/black) (Photo 6). The source of soil staining in the western portion of the property
appears to be petroleum product from leaking machinery however the exact origin, type and extent could
not be verified at the time of the site reconnaissance.
The eastern portion of the property, including the land between the two garages, contains miscellaneous
construction materials (steel and concrete pouring forms, fencing, posts, rebar, tarps), demolition debris,
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
lumber, trash (two propane tanks, an empty 55 gallon drum, metal scraps), a compressor and an old
conveyor. These materials appeared to be generally in good condition with no obvious indicators of
contamination observed. On the far eastern portion of the property, a green 55 gallon drum was observed
to be laying on the ground (Photo 5). The drum was not labeled and a small pour spout appeared to be
open with minor residue observed on the spout and the ground surface. The exact origin, type and extent
of residue observed near the 55 gallon drum could not be verified at the time of the site reconnaissance.
The interior of the three buildings were examined as part of the site reconnaissance. The office building
is a small single story concrete building 50 feet long by 40 feet wide. The office was clean, appeared to be
recently occupied and observed to be a typical office space with no noticeable contamination indicators
or presence of hazardous substances and/or petroleum products observed.
Garage #1 is a flat roof concrete building (130 feet long by 40 feet wide) with industrial roll-up garage
doors. The interior of garage #1 was examined by traversing the building. The building is partitioned into
four spaces: an office, tool shed, storage and automotive repair area.
The office area is located in the southwestern corner of the garage and appeared to be relatively
clean and well maintained. The office contained two storage closets which contained closed
canisters of engine oil, tools, concrete buckets. Minor petroleum staining was observed on the
shelves where equipment was housed however was minimal in quantity.
The tool shed is located in the center of the building, on the west side. It is a wood-frame structure
with wood shelves elevated from the concrete garage floor. The tool shed was well organized with
various types of equipment (shovels, augers, drills, etc.) (Photo 7). The tool shed housed a variety
of substances including: sealers, primers, finishes, enamels, concrete curing compounds,
adhesives, epoxy coating, motor oil, transmission fluid, aerosol canisters. Most chemicals were
sealed and stored in original packaging which appeared to be good condition. Quantities varied
from 30 ounce tubes to 5 gallon buckets which were stacked on top of each. Some products were
previously opened with minor corrosion visible on the metal buckets. Petroleum staining was
observed on the wood shelves where motor oils and equipment were stored. One ~5 gallon
container lacked any labeling and appeared to be leaking into the wood shelves.
The storage area in garage #1 is located around the perimeter of the tool shed structure, on the
western side of the building. This area contained 5 gallon buckets of sealers, primers, finishes,
enamels, concrete curing compounds, adhesives, epoxy coating material, xylene, and bags of
concrete. Canisters of compressed oxygen were observed in the storage area. A small amount of
leakage and petroleum staining was observed on the concrete floor around several 3.5 gallon
industrial sprayers (Photo 8). At the time of the site reconnaissance, the storage area contained a
strong gasoline/solvent odor. The observed staining on the concrete is likely limited to the surface
interior of the garage as a direct external pathway was not observed (Photo 8, 9).
The automotive repair area is located on the eastern side of garage #1. At the time of the site
reconnaissance, the area contained two parked trucks with equipment around the perimeter. This
area contained a variety of motor vehicle repair equipment and materials including car batteries,
gasoline canisters, torches, motor oil, radiator fluid, a compressor, small engines, compressed
oxygen tanks and storage closets with petroleum products. An oil changing station is located on
the far eastern side of the automotive repair area. The area contained petroleum canisters,
equipment and a storage vessel which was heavily soiled by petroleum around the exterior (Photo
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
10). Petroleum staining was observed throughout the automotive repair area on storage shelves,
beneath parked vehicles and around the oil changing station. A central floor drain (approximately
75 feet long by 2 feet wide) runs beneath the automotive repair area. The floor drain appears to
receive drainage from the vehicles (snowmelt) and possibly spills/leaks (Photo 10) or cleanup
drainage from maintenance operations. The ultimate discharge pathway and receiving facility
(i.e., city sewer, onsite septic or tank) for the floor drain is unknown.
Garage #2 is a single story aluminum frame building, 100 feet long by 30 feet wide, with three double-
sliding barn doors. Two vehicles were parked in the garage at the time of the site reconnaissance. The
garage appeared to store mostly construction equipment (augurs, rebar, lumber, fencing, tires and tarps)
(Photo 12). Other materials observed included oil canisters, bags of concrete, small engines and 5 gallon
buckets containing unknown material (many were open and used for miscellaneous construction material
storage) (Photo 11). Garage #2 was generally clean with no spills or leaks observed.
5.3 Adjoining Properties (Off-Site Conditions)
Adjoining properties were also visually inspected as part of the site reconnaissance:
Adjoining North – North of the property boundary is Willow Street, a railroad and Harmony Mills (Ranch-
Way Feeds). On the far northwest side of the road is small restaurant (El Burrito). No contamination
indicators were observed.
Adjoining South – South of the property boundary is a lumber yard (Mawson Lumber). The grounds were
well maintained and no contamination indicators were observed.
Adjoining East – East of the property boundary is East Lincoln Avenue and vacant undeveloped land which
appears to be used as a parking area. No contamination indicators were observed.
Adjoining west – West of the property boundary is Linden Street and Northern Colorado Feeders Supply
store. The grounds were well maintained and no contamination indicators were observed.
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
Figure 5.3 Satellite imagery of property (Google Earth 2014 - photo date 8/18/12) depicting exterior
observations during the site reconnaissance on 4/24/14.
Note: The red line indicates the approximate property boundary.
1. Garage #1 of the property
2. Garage #2 of the property
3. Main office building of the property
4. Western portion of the property – storage yard
5. Eastern portion of the property
6. Harmony Mills (Ranch-Way Feeds)
7. Willow Street/railroad
8. Lumber yard
9. Northern Colorado Feeders Supply
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
6. INTERVIEWS
The purpose of interviews is to obtain information indicating REC’s or historical REC’s in connection with
the property, as described in ASTM 2013. Selected individuals who were knowledgeable about current
and past property operations were interviewed. The following is a brief summary of the information
obtained about the property.
6.1 Interviews with Past and Present Owners and Occupants
ERC interviewed the owner of the property (Jerry Kiefer – President Kiefer Concrete) via questionnaire
(April 30, 2014). The owner stated the property is currently used as a parking lot/storage and previous use
was a ready mix plant. Response received did not indicate any potential contamination indicators and/or
any known activity/use limitations in place at the property or which may have been filed against the
property. In response to several questions, the owner provided the following attachments:
1. Letter dated December 19, 1989 from Larimer County Health Department to Blair Kiefer of Kiefer
Concrete, Inc. The letter summarizes that during the observed removal of two (2) 4,000 gallon
USTs on the property, the Health Department contacted Steward Environmental Consultants to
perform a preliminary site assessment as required under federal UST removal regulations. On
December 14, 1989 the Health Department received a copy of the environmental report from the
consultant which noted soil contamination on the property associated with the USTs. The
department requested further investigation to determine the extent of contamination to propose
a remediation action plan.
2. Letter dated December 11, 1989 to Mr. Jerry Kiefer of Kiefer Concrete, Inc. from Steward
Environmental Consultants, Inc., Subject: Laboratory Testing Results for Underground Storage
Tank Removal. This letter provides the results for laboratory testing on the property. Samples
were collected from the property on December 5, 1989 at the North Excavation/Diesel Tank and
South Excavation/Gas Tank and tested for total petroleum hydrocarbon. The results indicated the
diesel tank was “ND” or not detected for total petroleum hydrocarbon; however, the gas tank
results were above the detectable limit. The letter summarized that “Petroleum contamination in
the south excavation displays the characteristics of aged gasoline”.
3. Letter dated December 11, 1989 to Mr. Jerry Kiefer of Kiefer Concrete, Inc. from Steward
Environmental Consultants, Inc., Subject: Soil Testing Results for Underground Storage Tank
Removal. This cover letter summarizes the laboratory results (item #2 above) and methods of
visual inspection of the area after the USTs were removed. The letter states that visual inspection
did not indicate extensive contamination in the area. The letter concludes that the extent of
contamination will need to be determined per the Department of Public Health requirements and
the contaminated soils may need to be removed.
The USTs identified on the property were registered with the state and are listed as “Permanently Closed”
(C.C.R. 1101-14). As part of permanent closure, soil testing and remediation of potential contamination
is required by the state. The two USTs previously reported on the property have not been considered a
REC on the property because they are listed as closed however, the user should be aware that final cleanup
has not been confirmed as part of this ESAI.
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6.2 Interviews with State/Local Government Officials
No interviews were completed.
7. EVALUATION
Based on the information developed as part of this ESAI ERC has completed an evaluation and provides
the following conclusions and recommendations regarding REC’s or historical REC’s in connection with the
property. The evaluation was based on information that was available at the time this report was
completed. Additional information or knowledge obtained later could result in additional or revised
conclusions and recommendations.
7.1 Conclusions and Recommendations
1. A search of available ("reasonably ascertainable ") government records identified 42 recorded sites
either on the property or within standard search radius per ASTM 2013 (EDR 2014b).
The target property was identified in 1 record for state registered USTs. The EDR report identified 2
registered tanks which are listed as “Permanently Closed”. As part of Permanent UST closure, the
Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety (OPS) requires an owner/operator to empty and clean the UST
by removing all liquids and accumulated sludges (C.C.R. 1101-14). All tanks taken out of service
permanently must also be either removed from the ground or filled with an inert solid material. The two
USTs previously reported on the property have not been considered a REC on the property as these have
been registered with the State and permanently closed. However, the user should be aware that these
USTs were likely previously present and removal and/or final cleanup has not been confirmed as part of
this ESAI.
The 41 remaining government records were determined to be either downgradient (lower elevation) from
the property, records of remediation or closure, voluntary applications and/or records of compliant sites.
Therefore, these sites are not considered a potential REC to the property.
2. The property appears to have been developed with structures and completely cleared of structures
numerous times in the past 128 years. According to Sanborn maps, structures or observable features
including a roadway that crosses the center of the property are present from 1886 to 1909 (EDR 2014a).
From 1917 to 1948 no structures are depicted on the property and numerous railroad lines dominate in
the vicinity of the property. From 1960 to 1969 the property is depicted as developed, with no roadway
through the property. In 1971, the property is again undeveloped and from at least 1988 until 2014 the
property remained developed with several structures. The current use of the property is a concrete and
masonry construction business which is comprised of an office, two garages and a storage yard known as
“Kiefer Concrete, Inc.” The property is located at 360 Willow Street which appears to have been built
between 1988 and 1993. Historic record review indicates the property has been developed and used in
various capacities at least for the past 128 years. While there is no direct evidence of a REC from historic
landuse practices, this time period of use indicates a higher potential for contamination.
3. ERC submitted an ASTM 2013 Standard “User Questionnaire” to the current property representative,
Mr. Brandon Grebe (April 24, 2014). The response received indicated the potential presence of buried
trash and ash on the property and surrounding properties. Specifically, per the questionnaire: “Properties
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
near the site on the river tend to have old ash and cinders as it was an old dumping ground.” The email
received from the soil engineer stated ‘Of note, there is up to 5 feet of trash (cinders, ash) fill covering the
site.’” The presence of any buried substances or the composition of any such materials has not been
confirmed as part of this ESAI. While the potential presence of such materials may not specifically be
considered a REC, it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
4. ERC interviewed the owner of the property (Jerry Kiefer – President Kiefer Concrete) via questionnaire
(April 30, 2014). The owner stated the property is currently used as a parking lot/storage and previous use
was a ready mix plant. Response received did not indicate any potential contamination indicators and/or
any known activity/use limitations in place at the property or which may have been filed against the
property. The owner provided letters which summarized past soil contamination on the property which
was identified at the time of the removal of two (2) 4,000 gallon USTs. Samples were collected from the
property on December 5, 1989 at the North Excavation/Diesel Tank and South Excavation/Gas Tank and
tested for total petroleum hydrocarbon. The results indicated the diesel tank was “ND” or not detected
for total petroleum hydrocarbon; however, the gas tank results were above the detectable limit. The letter
summarized that “Petroleum contamination in the south excavation displays the characteristics of aged
gasoline”.
The USTs identified on the property were registered with the state and are listed as “Permanently Closed”
(C.C.R. 1101-14). As part of permanent closure, soil testing and remediation of potential contamination
is required by the state. The two USTs previously reported on the property have not been considered a
REC on the property because they are listed as closed however, the user should be aware that final cleanup
has not been confirmed as part of this ESAI.
5. The exterior of the property was inspected by ERC during site reconnaissance. The western portion of
the property appears to be used as a storage yard for equipment and machinery. Petroleum products were
observed in this portion of the property stored in a small tank (approximately 50 gallon) and leaking from
machinery. Contamination indicators included localized surface soil staining on the ground surface
throughout the western portion of the property. The source of soil staining appears to be from typical
machinery leaking petroleum products however the exact origin, type and extent was not verified as part
of this ESAI. While the surface staining may be considered a de minimis condition and not a specific REC,
it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
On the far eastern portion of the property, a green 55 gallon drum was observed to be laying on the
ground. The drum was not labeled and a small pour spout appeared to be open with minor residue
observed on the spout and ground surface. The exact origin, type and extent of residue observed near the
55 gallon drum was not verified as part of this ESAI. While the minor residue and presence of an empty
drum may be considered a de minimis condition and not a specific REC, it does infer a higher potential for
contamination.
6. The interior of the buildings were inspected by ERC. The office building appeared to be relatively clean
and well maintained with no noticeable contamination indicators observed.
Site reconnaissance of garage #1 and garage #2 revealed that hazardous substances and petroleum
products are used and stored on the property.
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
The chemicals stored in garage #1 appear to be typical of an industrial garage and include 5 gallon buckets
of sealers, primers, finishes, enamels, concrete curing compounds, adhesives, epoxy coating material,
xylene, and bags of concrete. At the time of the site reconnaissance, the storage area contained a strong
gasoline/solvent odor. Contamination indicators observed in garage #1 include minor petroleum staining
in the tool shed and staining on the concrete floor of the storage area which is likely confined to the
surface interior of the garage. Several components of the substances stored in the garage are listed as
EPA hazardous substances, however the quantities appear to be below reportable thresholds. While the
presence of such hazardous materials and minor staining may be considered a de minimis condition and
not a specific REC, it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
An oil changing station is located on the far eastern side of the automotive repair area in garage #1.
Petroleum products are used and stored in this area with noticeable contamination indicators observed
including concrete staining. The area contained a larger storage vessel which was heavily soiled by
petroleum around the exterior. A central floor drain runs beneath the automotive repair area which
appears to intercept interior spills/leaks. While the presence and use of such petroleum products and
minor staining in close vicinity to a floor drain (within unknown connection) may be considered a de
minimis condition and not a specific REC, it does infer a higher potential for contamination.
Based on the fact that the property has been in a relatively heavy industrial area and utilized in various
capacity for over 128 years, on site storage of hazardous substances and petroleum products and presence
of surface contamination indicators, ERC recommends additional investigation to confirm the
presence/absence of potential contamination. While identified contamination indictors, hazardous
materials, petroleum products and potential presence of suspect buried materials on the property may be
considered a de minimis condition and not specific individual RECs, collectively current conditions on the
property infer a higher potential for site contamination, therefore further testing and/or additional
investigation is recommended.
7. Specifically the following potential concerns should be further investigated.
a. Prior to any land use changes, demolishment or abandonment of the buildings, all materials,
hazardous and non-hazardous should be properly disposed. A more thorough inventory of materials
present may be necessary to determine proper disposal requirements.
b. Soil staining in the east and west parking areas should be further analyzed to ensure staining is
isolated to the immediate surface and has not migrated downward into the deeper soils and/or
groundwater.
c. Sampling is recommended of the remaining drum and residue in the eastern portion of the
property.
d. Sampling of the floor drain in garage #1 should be completed to ensure contamination is not
present in the drain. The flow path connection of the floor drain should also be verified.
e. Initial soil reports indicated buried ash may be present on the property and surrounding properties
from past dumping activities. The presence and composition of any such materials should be
confirmed. Soil and potentially groundwater samples are warranted to verify the presence and
composition of potential materials in determination of potential contamination.
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
8. ERC has performed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment in conformance with the scope and
limitations of ASTM Practice (ASTM 2013) of the property referred to herein as 360 Linden Street. Any
exceptions to, or deletions from, this practice are described in Section 2.1 of this report.
8. QUALIFICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS
ERC has performed this ESAI in accordance with the scope and limitations of ASTM Practice E 1527-05
Standard. ERC staff responsible for completion of the ESAI documentation are listed below.
Name: David Blauch
Education: Bachelor of Science, Environmental Resource Management, Pennsylvania State University.
Areas of Technical Experience: ASTM E 1527 Environmental Site Assessment Procedures, environmental
pollution, biological evaluations, environmental permitting, ecology.
Years of Experience: 20 years of experience assessing physical environmental conditions and 14 years
with ESAIs and Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Investigations.
Name: Diane Krzysztof
Education: Bachelor of Science, Environmental Science and Management, University of Rhode Island.
Areas of Technical Experience: ASTM E 1527 Environmental Site Assessment Procedures, environmental
pollution, biological evaluations, environmental permitting, ecology.
Years of Experience: 10 years of experience assessing physical environmental conditions and 8 years with
ESAIs and Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Investigations.
I/We declare that, to the best of our professional knowledge and belief, we meet the definition of
Environmental Professional as defined in Section 312.10 of 40 CFR 312. We have the specific qualifications
based on education, training and experience to assess a property of the nature, history and setting of the
property. We have developed and performed all of the appropriate inquiries in conformance with the
standards and practices set forth in 40 CFR Part 312.
Ecological Resource Consultants, Inc.
David J. Blauch, Senior Environmental Professional
Diane Krzysztof, Environmental Professional
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
9. REFERENCES
(ASTM) American Society for Testing and Materials. 2013. Practice E 1527-13, Standard Practice for
Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process.
(EDR) Environmental Data Resources, Inc. 2014a. Certified Sanborn Map Report. Inquiry Number:
3916709.3. April 18.
_____. 2014b. The EDR Radius Map Report with GeoCheck. Inquiry Number: 3916709.2s. April 17.
_____. 2014c. The EDR Aerial Photo Decade Package. Inquiry Number: 3916709.9. April 21.
_____. 2014d. EDR Historical Topographic Map Report. Inquiry Number: 3916709.4. April 21.
Personal Communication. 2014a. ASTM 2013 Standard “User Questionnaire” provided by ERC and
completed by Mr. Brandon Grebe – site representative. April 24.
Google Earth. 2014. Google Earth Imagery dated 8/18/12. Available online at.
http://www.google.com/earth/index.html. Accessed April 21, 2014.
(USDA-FSA) US Department of Agriculture - Farm Service Agency. 2013. Geospatial Data Gateway.
Aerial Imagery, Larimer County. Available online at: http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
10. APPENDICES
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
10.1 Site (Vicinity) Map (Yellow Line Depicts Approximate Site Boundary)
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
10.2 Site Photographs
Photo 1. Looking west across the property. The main office
building, garage #1 and garage #2 are shown from left to right.
Photo 2. Small metal tank observed on the western portion of
the property in a trailer.
Photo 3. Example of minor surface soil staining beneath a
parked semi-truck on the property.
property
concrete structure holds stockpiled
eastern portion of the property. The green 55 gallon drum
contained an open spout with a small amount of unknown
approximately 200 square foot area of the ground surface
appeared to be discolored (greyish/black) (red circle above).
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360 Linden Street - ESAI
of various chemicals stacked. The red arrow indicates a bucket
of xylene (EPA hazardous material). Petroleum staining is
storage area of garage #1.
Photo 10. View of the oil changing station and storage vessel
(red arrow) in the automotive repair area of garage #1. The
material shown here. Some buckets are open and used for
34