HomeMy WebLinkAboutCIRCLE C ADULT RESIDENTIAL SERVICES - PDP190009 - SUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS - ROUND 1 - GEOTECHNICAL (SOILS) REPORTMay 2, 2016
Nicky Galbraith (nickyinthefort@gmail.com)
2601 South Lemay Ave., #7-108
Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Re: Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration
Lot 2 – East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
EEC Project No. 16-01-062
Ms. Galbraith:
Earth Engineering Company, Inc. (EEC) personnel have completed the geotechnical
subsurface exploration you requested for the proposed multi-plex townhome building to be
constructed at Lot 2 in the East Elizabeth Subdivision in Fort Collins, Colorado. Results
of the subsurface exploration completed by EEC personnel are provided with this report.
We understand the proposed two (2) multi-plex townhome buildings will be non-basement
two or three-story wood-frame structures constructed with slabs-on-grade. We expect
foundation loads for the structures will be light, with continuous wall loads less than 3 kips
per lineal foot and individual column loads less than 50 kips. Small grade changes are
expected to develop final site grades for the structure.
The purpose of this report is to describe the subsurface conditions encountered in the test
borings completed within the approximate building location on the referenced lot and
provide geotechnical recommendations for design and construction of foundations and
support of floor slabs.
The lot is located at the southeast corner of the intersection of Patton and Elizabeth streets
in Fort Collins, Colorado. The surrounding site infrastructure, including pavements and
utilities, has already been installed.
To develop information on existing subsurface conditions in the area of the proposed
buildings, four soil borings were extended to a depth of approximately 25 to 35 feet within
the approximate building envelopes. The locations of the test borings were established by
pacing and estimating angles from site property pins and identifiable site features. The
Earth Engineering Company, Inc.
EEC Project No. 16-01-062
May 2, 2016
Page 2
locations of the borings should be considered accurate only to the degree implied by the
methods used to make the field measurements.
The borings were performed using a truck-mounted, CME-55 drill rig equipped with a
hydraulic head employed in drilling and sampling operations. The boreholes were
advanced using 4-inch nominal diameter continuous flight augers and samples of the
subsurface materials encountered were obtained using split-barrel and California barrel
sampling procedures in general accordance with ASTM Specification D-1586. All samples
obtained in the field were sealed and returned to the laboratory for further examination,
classification and testing.
EEC field personnel were on-site during drilling to evaluate the subsurface conditions
encountered and direct the drilling activities. Field boring logs were prepared based on
observation of disturbed samples and auger cuttings. Based on results of the field borings
and laboratory testing, subsurface conditions can be generalized as follows.
Brown fine sand materials were encountered at the surface at the boring locations. The fine
sand materials were loose to medium dense in consistency, contained a slight amount of
clay and exhibited a low potential for swelling with variation in moisture content at current
moisture/density conditions. The fine sand materials were underlain by reddish brown
sandy lean clay soils at a depth of approximately 13 feet below present site grades. The
sandy lean clay soils were very stiff in consistency, contained gravel and exhibited a low
potential for swelling with variation in moisture content at current moisture/density
conditions. The sandy lean clay soils were underlain by brown sand and gravel materials
at a depth of approximately 16 feet below present site grades. The sand and gravel materials
were dense to very dense in consistency, contained cobbles and extended to the bottom of
borings B-1 and B-3 at a depth of approximately 25 feet below present site grades. The
sand and gravel materials encountered at borings B-2 and B-4 were underlain by grey
claystone bedrock at a depth of approximately 27 and 25 feet below present site grades at
borings B-2 and B-4, respectively. The claystone bedrock was moderately hard in
consistency and extended to the bottom of borings B-2 and B-4 at a depth of approximately
35 feet below present site grades.
Observations were made at the time of drilling and approximately 24 hours after drilling
to evaluate the presence and depth to free water at the test boring locations. At the time of
Earth Engineering Company, Inc.
EEC Project No. 16-01-062
May 2, 2016
Page 3
drilling, free water was observed at a depth of approximately 19 feet below present site
grades at borings B-1 through B-4. Approximately 24 hours after drilling, free water was
observed at a depth of approximately 16 feet below present site grades at borings B-1
through B-4. Longer-term observations in holes which are cased and sealed from the
influence of surface water would be required to more accurately evaluate groundwater
levels and possible fluctuations in those groundwater levels over time. Fluctuations in
groundwater levels can occur based on hydrologic conditions and other conditions not
apparent at the time of this report. Zones of perched and/or trapped water may also be
encountered in more permeable zones within the subgrade soils at times throughout the
year.
The stratification boundaries indicated on the boring logs represent the approximate
locations of changes in soil types; in-situ, the transition of materials may be gradual and
indistinct. Bedrock classification was based on visual and tactual observations of disturbed
samples and auger cuttings; coring and/or petrographic analysis may reveal other rock
types. In addition, the soil borings provide an indication of subsurface conditions at the test
locations; however, subsurface conditions may vary in relatively short distances away from
the borings. Potential variations in subsurface conditions can best be evaluated by close
observation and testing of the subgrade materials during construction. If significant
variations from the conditions anticipated from the test borings appear evident at that time,
it may be necessary to re-evaluate the recommendations provided in this report.
ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Foundations
Based on the materials observed at the test boring locations, it is our opinion the proposed
lightly loaded multi-plex townhome structures could be supported on conventional footing
foundations bearing on undisturbed natural fine sand materials. For design of footing
foundations bearing in the medium dense, low volume-change, fine sand materials, we
recommend using a net allowable total load soil bearing pressure not to exceed 1,000 psf.
The net bearing pressure refers to the pressure at foundation bearing level in excess of the
minimum surrounding overburden pressure. Total load should include full dead and live
loads.
Earth Engineering Company, Inc.
EEC Project No. 16-01-062
May 2, 2016
Page 4
Exterior foundations and foundations in unheated areas should be located at least 30 inches
below adjacent exterior grade to provide frost cover protection. We recommend formed
continuous footings have a minimum width of 12 inches and isolated column foundations
have a minimum width of 24 inches.
We recommend the foundation footing design loads be balanced to promote relatively
uniform settlement, thereby reducing the potential for differential settlement. As an
alternative to balancing the design loads solely on settlement, designing the foundation
such that the dead-load pressure is balanced throughout the foundations could be
considered. Balancing the dead-load pressure would also reduce the potential for
differential settlement between adjacent footings. We estimate the long-term settlement of
footing foundations designed and constructed as recommended above would be less than
1 inch. If settlement of the proposed structure cannot be tolerated, drilled pier foundations
bearing in the deeper sandstone bedrock are recommended.
Some zones of loose fine sand materials were observed in the completed borings. Care will
be needed to avoid placing structural elements directly on any loose zones of material.
Careful observation should be completed prior to placement of foundation concrete to
evaluate the bearing materials. If loose zones are observed at that time, reworking of the
subgrade or removal and replacement may be necessary to develop suitable foundation
bearing.
While the site cohesive soils did not exhibit appreciable swell potential with variation in
moisture content, moderate consolidation potential was observed in a few of the near
surface samples tested. Close observation and testing will be needed to evaluate the volume
change characteristics of the in-situ soils at the time of foundation excavation. If
moderately to highly compressible soils are observed at that time, reworking of the
subgrade or removal and replacement may be necessary to develop suitable foundation
bearing.
No unusual problems are anticipated in completing the excavations required for
construction of the footing foundations. Care should be taken to avoid disturbing the
foundation bearing materials. The lean clay soils would be subject to strength loss and
instability when wetted and may show some expansion from dry to moist conditions. Dry
Earth Engineering Company, Inc.
EEC Project No. 16-01-062
May 2, 2016
Page 5
and desiccated soils or soft and wet soils should be removed from the footing excavations
prior to placement of foundation concrete.
Floor Slab /Flatwork Subgrades
After completing all cuts and prior to placement of any floor slabs or fill materials, we
recommend the exposed subgrades be scarified to a minimum depth of 9 inches, adjusted
in moisture content and compacted to at least 95% of the material's maximum dry density
as determined in accordance with ASTM Specification D-698, the standard Proctor
procedure. The moisture content of the scarified soils should be adjusted to be within the
range of ±2% of standard Proctor optimum moisture at the time of compaction.
Fill materials required to develop the floor or exterior improvement subgrades should
consist of approved, low-volume change materials which are free from organic matter and
debris. Based on laboratory test results, it is our opinion the on-site soils could be used as
fill in these areas. Those fill soils should be placed in loose lifts not to exceed 9 inches
thick, adjusted in moisture content as recommended for the scarified materials and
compacted to at least 95% of the material's standard Proctor maximum dry density.
After preparation of the subgrades, care should be taken to avoid disturbing the in-place
materials. The lean clay soils may be subject to strength loss and instability when wetted.
Soils which are loosened or disturbed by the construction activities would require removal
and replacement or reworking in place prior to placement of the overlying improvements.
Soils which are excessively dry and/or desiccated should also be reworked to increase
moisture content prior to floor slab placement.
As a precaution, the floor slabs should be isolated from structural portions of the building
to prevent differential movement to those elements causing distress to the structure. We
also recommend the garage floor slab be isolated from non-load bearing partitions to help
reduce the potential for slab movement causing distress in upper sections of the building.
That isolation is typically developed through the use of a voided wall which is suspended
from the overhead first floor joist. Care should be taken in door framing, drywalling and
finishing to maintain a voided space which will allow for movement of the floor slab
without transmission of stresses to the overlying structure.
Earth Engineering Company, Inc.
EEC Project No. 16-01-062
May 2, 2016
Page 6
While laboratory testing completed for this report indicated the site soils sampled exhibited
relatively low swell potential, floor slab and exterior flatwork movement could occur and
should be expected. Slab movement is common in Colorado even in areas with relatively
low-swelling soils. Mitigation techniques to reduce the potential for post-construction
movement, such as overexcavation, moisture conditioning and replacement could be
considered; however, the risk for slab movement cannot be eliminated.
Other Considerations
Positive drainage should be developed away from the structure with a minimum slope of 1
inch per foot for the first 10 feet away from the building. Care should be taken in planning
of landscaping adjacent to the residence to avoid features which would pond water adjacent
to the foundations or stemwalls. Placement of plants which require irrigation system or
could result in fluctuations of the moisture content of the subgrade material should be
avoided adjacent to the structure. Lawn watering systems should not be placed within 5
feet of the perimeter of the building and spray heads should be designed not to spray water
on or immediately adjacent to the structure. Roof drains should be designed to discharge
at least 5 feet away from the structure and away from the pavement areas.
GENERAL COMMENTS
The analysis and recommendations presented in this report are based upon the data
obtained from the soil borings performed at the indicated locations and from any other
information discussed in this report. This report does not reflect any variations which may
occur across the site. The nature and extent of such variations may not become evident
until construction. If variations appear evident, it will be necessary to re-evaluate the
recommendations of this report.
It is recommended that the geotechnical engineer be retained to review the plans and
specifications so that comments can be made regarding the interpretation and
implementation of our geotechnical recommendations in the design and specifications. It
is further recommended that the geotechnical engineer be retained for testing and
observations during earthwork and foundation construction phases to help determine that
the design requirements are fulfilled.
DRILLING AND EXPLORATION
DRILLING & SAMPLING SYMBOLS:
SS: Split Spoon - 13/8" I.D., 2" O.D., unless otherwise noted PS: Piston Sample
ST: Thin-Walled Tube - 2" O.D., unless otherwise noted WS: Wash Sample
R: Ring Barrel Sampler - 2.42" I.D., 3" O.D. unless otherwise noted
PA: Power Auger FT: Fish Tail Bit
HA: Hand Auger RB: Rock Bit
DB: Diamond Bit = 4", N, B BS: Bulk Sample
AS: Auger Sample PM: Pressure Meter
HS: Hollow Stem Auger WB: Wash Bore
Standard "N" Penetration: Blows per foot of a 140 pound hammer falling 30 inches on a 2-inch O.D. split spoon, except where noted.
WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT SYMBOLS:
WL : Water Level WS : While Sampling
WCI: Wet Cave in WD : While Drilling
DCI: Dry Cave in BCR: Before Casing Removal
AB : After Boring ACR: After Casting Removal
Water levels indicated on the boring logs are the levels measured in the borings at the time indicated. In pervious soils, the indicated
levels may reflect the location of ground water. In low permeability soils, the accurate determination of ground water levels is not
possible with only short term observations.
DESCRIPTIVE SOIL CLASSIFICATION
Soil Classification is based on the Unified Soil Classification
system and the ASTM Designations D-2488. Coarse Grained
Soils have move than 50% of their dry weight retained on a
#200 sieve; they are described as: boulders, cobbles, gravel or
sand. Fine Grained Soils have less than 50% of their dry weight
retained on a #200 sieve; they are described as : clays, if they
are plastic, and silts if they are slightly plastic or non-plastic.
Major constituents may be added as modifiers and minor
constituents may be added according to the relative
proportions based on grain size. In addition to gradation,
coarse grained soils are defined on the basis of their relative in-
place density and fine grained soils on the basis of their
consistency. Example: Lean clay with sand, trace gravel, stiff
(CL); silty sand, trace gravel, medium dense (SM).
CONSISTENCY OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS
Unconfined Compressive
Strength, Qu, psf Consistency
< 500 Very Soft
500 - 1,000 Soft
1,001 - 2,000 Medium
2,001 - 4,000 Stiff
4,001 - 8,000 Very Stiff
8,001 - 16,000 Very Hard
RELATIVE DENSITY OF COARSE-GRAINED SOILS:
N-Blows/ft Relative Density
0-3 Very Loose
4-9 Loose
10-29 Medium Dense
30-49 Dense
50-80 Very Dense
80 + Extremely Dense
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BEDROCK
DEGREE OF WEATHERING:
Slight Slight decomposition of parent material on
joints. May be color change.
Moderate Some decomposition and color change
throughout.
High Rock highly decomposed, may be extremely
broken.
HARDNESS AND DEGREE OF CEMENTATION:
Group
Symbol
Group Name
Cu≥4 and 1<Cc≤3
E GW Well-graded gravel
F
Cu<4 and/or 1>Cc>3
E GP Poorly-graded gravel
F
Fines classify as ML or MH GM Silty gravel
G,H
Fines Classify as CL or CH GC Clayey Gravel
F,G,H
Cu≥6 and 1<Cc≤3
E SW Well-graded sand
I
Cu<6 and/or 1>Cc>3
E SP Poorly-graded sand
I
Fines classify as ML or MH SM Silty sand
G,H,I
Fines classify as CL or CH SC Clayey sand
G,H,I
inorganic PI>7 and plots on or above "A" Line CL Lean clay
K,L,M
PI<4 or plots below "A" Line ML Silt
K,L,M
organic Liquid Limit - oven dried Organic clay
K,L,M,N
Liquid Limit - not dried Organic silt
K,L,M,O
inorganic PI plots on or above "A" Line CH Fat clay
K,L,M
PI plots below "A" Line MH Elastic Silt
K,L,M
organic Liquid Limit - oven dried Organic clay
K,L,M,P
Liquid Limit - not dried Organic silt
K,L,M,O
Highly organic soils PT Peat
(D30)2
D10 x D60
GW-GM well graded gravel with silt NPI≥4 and plots on or above "A" line.
GW-GC well-graded gravel with clay OPI≤4 or plots below "A" line.
GP-GM poorly-graded gravel with silt PPI plots on or above "A" line.
GP-GC poorly-graded gravel with clay QPI plots below "A" line.
SW-SM well-graded sand with silt
SW-SC well-graded sand with clay
SP-SM poorly graded sand with silt
SP-SC poorly graded sand with clay
Silts and Clays
Liquid Limit 50 or
more
CGravels with 5 to 12% fines required dual symbols:
Kif soil contains 15 to 29% plus No. 200, add "with sand"
or "with gravel", whichever is predominant.
<0.75 OH
Primarily organic matter, dark in color, and organic odor
ABased on the material passing the 3-in. (75-mm)
sieve
LOT 2
EAST ELIZABETH SUB.
FORT COLLINS, CO
EEC PROJECT No. 16-01-062
APRIL 2016
LOT 2 - EAST ELIZABETH SUBDIVISION
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO
PROJECT NO: 16-01-062 DATE: APRIL 2016
LOG OF BORING B-1
RIG TYPE: CME55 SHEET 1 OF 1 WATER DEPTH
FOREMAN: SM START DATE 4/25/2016 WHILE DRILLING 19'
AUGER TYPE: 4" CFA FINISH DATE 4/25/2016 AFTER DRILLING 19'
SPT HAMMER: AUTO SURFACE ELEV N/A 24 HOUR 16'
SOIL DESCRIPTION D N QU MC DD A-LIMITS -200 SWELL
TYPE (FEET) (BLOWS/FT) (PSF) (%) (PCF) LL PI (%) PRESSURE % @ 500 PSF
_ _
FINE SAND (SP) 2
brown CS _ _ 7 8000 15.1 105.5 NL NP 61.8 < 500 psf None
loose 4
with a slight amount of clay SS _ _ 3 < 500 15.2
6
_ _
8
_ _
medium dense CS 10 15 9000+ 5.7 104.0 < 500 psf None
_ _
12
_ _
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL) 14
reddish brown SS _ _ 15 6000 14.7
very stiff with gravel 16
_ _
SAND AND GRAVEL (SP-GP) 18
brown _ _
dense SS 20 50 -- 11.2
with cobbles _ _
22
_ _
24
BS _ _ -- -- 6.8
25' BOTTOM OF BORING 26
_ _
28
_ _
30
_ _
32
_ _
34
_ _
36
_ _
38
_ _
40
_ _
42
_ _
44
_ _
46
_ _
48
_ _
50
LOT 2 - EAST ELIZABETH SUBDIVISION
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO
PROJECT NO: 16-01-062 DATE: APRIL 2016
LOG OF BORING B-2
RIG TYPE: CME55 SHEET 1 OF 1 WATER DEPTH
FOREMAN: SM START DATE 4/25/2016 WHILE DRILLING 19'
AUGER TYPE: 4" CFA FINISH DATE 4/25/2016 AFTER DRILLING 19'
SPT HAMMER: AUTO SURFACE ELEV N/A 24 HOUR 16'
SOIL DESCRIPTION D N QU MC DD A-LIMITS -200 SWELL
TYPE (FEET) (BLOWS/FT) (PSF) (%) (PCF) LL PI (%) PRESSURE % @ 500 PSF
_ _
FINE SAND (SP) 2
brown _ _
loose 4
with a slight amount of clay CS _ _ 8 9000+ 7.9 95.4 < 500 psf None
6
_ _
8
_ _
medium dense SS 10 13 2000 6.5
_ _
12
_ _
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL) 14
reddish brown CS _ _ 13 8000 17.8 110.4 < 1000 psf None@1000
very stiff with a slight amount of gravel 16
_ _
SAND AND GRAVEL (SP-GP) 18
brown _ _
dense SS 20 50 -- 11.9
with cobbles _ _
22
_ _
24
BS _ _ -- -- 10.2
26
_ _
28
CLAYSTONE _ _
grey 30
moderately hard _ _
32
_ _
34
BS _ _ -- -- 25.4
35' BOTTOM OF BORING 36
_ _
38
_ _
40
_ _
42
_ _
44
_ _
46
_ _
48
_ _
50
LOT 2 - EAST ELIZABETH SUBDIVISION
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO
PROJECT NO: 16-01-062 DATE: APRIL 2016
LOG OF BORING B-3
RIG TYPE: CME55 SHEET 1 OF 1 WATER DEPTH
FOREMAN: SM START DATE 4/25/2016 WHILE DRILLING 19'
AUGER TYPE: 4" CFA FINISH DATE 4/25/2016 AFTER DRILLING 19'
SPT HAMMER: AUTO SURFACE ELEV N/A 24 HOUR 16'
SOIL DESCRIPTION D N QU MC DD A-LIMITS -200 SWELL
TYPE (FEET) (BLOWS/FT) (PSF) (%) (PCF) LL PI (%) PRESSURE % @ 500 PSF
_ _
FINE SAND (SP) 2
brown CS _ _ 19 9000+ 4.4 106.6 < 500 psf None
medium dense 4
SS _ _ 12 3000 6.4
6
_ _
8
_ _
CS 10 12 9000+ 5.3 97.7 NL NP 49.3 < 500 psf None
_ _
12
_ _
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL) 14
reddish brown SS _ _ 11 8000 13.6
very stiff with gravel 16
_ _
SAND AND GRAVEL (SP-GP) 18
brown _ _
very dense CS 20 50/6" -- 10.3
with cobbles _ _
22
_ _
24
BS _ _ -- -- 13.2
25' BOTTOM OF BORING 26
_ _
28
_ _
30
_ _
32
_ _
34
_ _
36
_ _
38
_ _
40
_ _
42
_ _
44
_ _
46
_ _
48
_ _
50
LOT 2 - EAST ELIZABETH SUBDIVISION
FORT COLLINS, COLORADO
PROJECT NO: 16-01-062 DATE: APRIL 2016
LOG OF BORING B-4
RIG TYPE: CME55 SHEET 1 OF 1 WATER DEPTH
FOREMAN: SM START DATE 4/25/2016 WHILE DRILLING 19'
AUGER TYPE: 4" CFA FINISH DATE 4/25/2016 AFTER DRILLING 19'
SPT HAMMER: AUTO SURFACE ELEV N/A 24 HOUR 16'
SOIL DESCRIPTION D N QU MC DD A-LIMITS -200 SWELL
TYPE (FEET) (BLOWS/FT) (PSF) (%) (PCF) LL PI (%) PRESSURE % @ 500 PSF
_ _
FINE SAND (SP) 2
brown _ _
medium dense 4
with a slight amount of clay CS _ _ 12 8000 7.0 94.1 < 500 psf None
6
_ _
8
_ _
SS 10 17 1000 6.5
_ _
12
_ _
SANDY LEAN CLAY (CL) 14
reddish brown CS _ _ 14 9000+ 14.4 116.5 < 1000 psf None@1000
very stiff with a slight amount of gravel 16
_ _
SAND AND GRAVEL (SP-GP) 18
brown _ _
dense SS 20 50 -- 6.7
with cobbles _ _
22
_ _
24
BS _ _ -- -- 10.6
26
CLAYSTONE _ _
grey 28
moderately hard _ _
30
_ _
32
_ _
34
BS _ _ -- -- 25.5
35' BOTTOM OF BORING 36
_ _
38
_ _
40
_ _
42
_ _
44
_ _
46
_ _
48
_ _
50
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Brown Fine Sand
Sample Location: B-1, S-1 @ 2'
Liquid Limit: NL Plasticity Index: NP % Passing #200: 61.8%
Beginning Moisture: 15.4% Dry Density: 105.5 pcf Ending Moisture: 21.9%
Swell Pressure: < 500 psf % Swell @ 500 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Brown Fine Sand
Sample Location: B-1, S-3 @ 9'
Liquid Limit: -- Plasticity Index: -- % Passing #200: --
Beginning Moisture: 3.7% Dry Density: 104.0 pcf Ending Moisture: 23.4%
Swell Pressure: < 1000 psf % Swell @ 500 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Brown Fine Sand
Sample Location: B-2, S-1 @ 4'
Liquid Limit: -- Plasticity Index: -- % Passing #200: --
Beginning Moisture: 5.4% Dry Density: 95.4 pcf Ending Moisture: 30.1%
Swell Pressure: < 500 psf % Swell @ 500 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Reddish Brown Sandy Lean Clay
Sample Location: B-2, S-3 @ 14'
Liquid Limit: -- Plasticity Index: -- % Passing #200: --
Beginning Moisture: 17.5% Dry Density: 110.4 pcf Ending Moisture: 18.9%
Swell Pressure: < 1000 psf % Swell @ 1000 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Brown Fine Sand
Sample Location: B-3, S-1 @ 2'
Liquid Limit: -- Plasticity Index: -- % Passing #200: --
Beginning Moisture: 3.7% Dry Density: 106.6 pcf Ending Moisture: 21.5%
Swell Pressure: < 500 psf % Swell @ 500 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Brown Fine Sand
Sample Location: B-3, S-3 @ 9'
Liquid Limit: NL Plasticity Index: NP % Passing #200: 49.3
Beginning Moisture: 9.3% Dry Density: 97.7 pcf Ending Moisture: 25.7%
Swell Pressure: < 500 psf % Swell @ 500 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Brown Fine Sand
Sample Location: B-4, S-1 @ 2'
Liquid Limit: -- Plasticity Index: -- % Passing #200: --
Beginning Moisture: 5.5% Dry Density: 94.1 pcf Ending Moisture: 26.2%
Swell Pressure: < 500 psf % Swell @ 500 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
SWELL / CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Material Description: Reddish Brown Sandy Lean Clay
Sample Location: B-4, S-3 @ 14'
Liquid Limit: -- Plasticity Index: -- % Passing #200: --
Beginning Moisture: 15.8% Dry Density: 116.5 pcf Ending Moisture: 20.1%
Swell Pressure: < 1000 psf % Swell @ 1000 psf: None
Project: Lot 2 - East Elizabeth Subdivision
Fort Collins, Colorado
Project No.: 16-01-062
Date: April 2016
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
Percent Movement
Load (TSF)
Water Added
Consolidation Swell
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ECu=D60/D10 Cc=
HIf fines are organic, add "with organic fines" to
group name
LIf soil contains ≥ 30% plus No. 200 predominantly sand,
add "sandy" to group name.
MIf soil contains ≥30% plus No. 200 predominantly gravel,
add "gravelly" to group name.
DSands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols:
BIf field sample contained cobbles or boulders, or
both, add "with cobbles or boulders, or both" to
group name. FIf soil contains ≥15% sand, add "with sand" to
Unified Soil ClaSSifiCation SyStem
Soil Classification
Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Group Names Using Laboratory Tests
Sands 50% or more
coarse fraction
passes No. 4 sieve
Fine-Grained Soils
50% or more passes
the No. 200 sieve
<0.75 OL
Gravels with Fines
more than 12%
fines
Clean Sands Less
than 5% fines
Sands with Fines
more than 12%
fines
Clean Gravels Less
than 5% fines
Gravels more than
50% of coarse
fraction retained on
No. 4 sieve
Coarse - Grained Soils
more than 50%
retained on No. 200
sieve
Silts and Clays
Liquid Limit less
than 50
IIf soil contains >15% gravel, add "with gravel" to
group name
JIf Atterberg limits plots shaded area, soil is a CL-
ML, Silty clay
GIf fines classify as CL-ML, use dual symbol GC-
CM, or SC-SM.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
PLASTICITY INDEX (PI)
LIQUID LIMIT (LL)
ML OR OL
MH OR OH
For Classification of fine-grained soils and
fine-grained fraction of coarse-grained
soils.
Equation of "A"-line
Horizontal at PI=4 to LL=25.5
then PI-0.73 (LL-20)
Equation of "U"-line
Vertical at LL=16 to PI-7,
then PI=0.9 (LL-8)
CL-ML
Limestone and Dolomite:
Hard Difficult to scratch with knife.
Moderately Can be scratched easily with knife.
Hard Cannot be scratched with fingernail.
Soft Can be scratched with fingernail.
Shale, Siltstone and Claystone:
Hard Can be scratched easily with knife, cannot be
scratched with fingernail.
Moderately Can be scratched with fingernail.
Hard
Soft Can be easily dented but not molded with
fingers.
Sandstone and Conglomerate:
Well Capable of scratching a knife blade.
Cemented
Cemented Can be scratched with knife.
Poorly Can be broken apart easily with fingers.
Cemented
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