HomeMy WebLinkAboutHARMONY 23 - FDP - FDP170010 - REPORTS - STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLANStorm Water Management Plan
for
Harmony 23 Development
submitted to:
City of Fort Collins, Colorado
Prepared May 2017
Erosion Control Plan Administrator
Owner
Construction Site Operator
Project:
Disturbed Acres: 23.00
EROSION CONTROL BMPs Units
Estimated
Quantity
Unit
Price
Total
Price
L.F. 7235 $4.00 $28,940.00
Each 12 $180.00 $2,160.00
Each 2 $1,200.00 $2,400.00
L.F. 3315 $0.95 $3,149.25
Acres 4 $800.00 $3,200.00
Each 1 $660.00 $660.00
Each 4 $180.00 $720.00
SY 2400 $2.50 $6,000.00
Sub-Total: $47,229.25
1.5 x Sub-Total: $70,843.88
Amount of security: $70,843.88
Acres 23 $1,500.00 $34,500.00
Sub-Total: $34,500.00
1.5 x Sub-Total: $51,750.00
Amount to Re-seed: $51,750.00
Minimum escrow amount: $3,000.00
Erosion Control Escrow: $70,843.88
Harmony 23 Development
Curb Inlet Protection (CIP)
Erosion and Sediment Control Escrow/Security Calculation
for The City of Fort Collins
BMP Amount
Wattle Dike
Mulching (MU)
Miniumum Escrow Amount
Unit Price of Seeding per acre:
“The amount of the security must be based on one and one-half times the estimate of the cost to install the approved measures, or one and one-half times
the cost to re-vegetate the disturbed land to dry land grasses based upon unit cost determined by the City's Annual Revegetation and Stabilization Bid,
whichever is greater. In no instance, will the amount of security be less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) for residential development or three
thousand dollars ($3,000) for commercial development”
Final Escrow Amount
Reseeding Amount
Drop Inlet Protection (DIP)
Concrete Washout Area (CWA)
Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC)
Silt Fence (SF)
Erosion Control Blanket
5/9/2017 8:07 PM K:\1219\0002\14 Erosion Report\H23 SWMP Escrow.xls
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Site Description ............................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Project Description ................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Proposed Sequence of Activities .............................................................................. 3
1.4 Existing Soil and Surface Conditions ........................................................................ 4
1.5 Wetlands and Receiving Waters .............................................................................. 4
1.6 Storm Water Management Plan Administrator ......................................................... 5
1.7 Potential Pollutants ................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Pollution Controls ........................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Controls Overview .................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Erosion and Sediment controls ................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Structural Practices .................................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 Non-Structural Practices .......................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Other Controls .......................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Materials Management ........................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Potential Pollution Sources .................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Pollution Prevention Measures ............................................................................... 10
2.4 Spill Management ................................................................................................... 12
2.5 Non-Storm Water Components of Discharge ......................................................... 13
3.0 Inspection and Maintenance ........................................................................................ 13
3.1 Inspection and Maintenance Overview ................................................................... 13
3.2 Minimum Monitoring and Requirements ................................................................. 14
3.3 Reporting Requirements/ Inspection Reports ......................................................... 14
3.4 Site Maps ................................................................................................................ 15
4.0 Final Stabilization/ Conclusion .................................................................................... 15
5.0 References ..................................................................................................................... 15
Figures
Figure 1: Vicinity Map ................................................................................................................... 2
Technical Appendix
Appendix A – CDPHE General Permit for Storm Water Discharge – Construction Activity
Appendix B – CDPHE General Permit Application
Appendix C – Urban Drainage and Flood Control District BMPs
Appendix D – Reporting Chemical Spills and Releases in Colorado
Appendix E – Sample Inspection Form
Appendix F – Inactivation/Reassignment Notices
Appendix G – Soil Survey Information
Back Pocket – Erosion Control Map
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1.0 Site Description
1.1 Introduction
The following Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) has been prepared for use during the
construction of the Harmony 23 Development project, located in the northeast quarter of Section
4, Township 6 North, Range 68 West, in the City of Fort Collins, Colorado and south of
Harmony Road and west of Strauss Cabin Road. This plan describes recommended procedures
and best management practices, BMP’s, to assist the contractor in complying with the Colorado
Water Quality Control Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. A copy of the CDPHE
General Permit for discharge is attached in Appendix A. The general permit is the State law
that requires this report and is provided for reference. A copy of the permit application is
provided in Appendix B for submittal to the State at least 10 days prior to beginning grading
activities. The intent of this plan is to provide the contractor a place to consolidate records,
logs, permits, applications etc. as well as guidance on water quality protection. It is critical that
the contractor understands that this plan is a living document that must be updated and
maintained throughout the construction process.
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1.2 Project Description
In the Summer of 2017, construction expected begin on this project which includes a total of 366
apartment units in various size buildings (4 plex -36 plex), private roads and two detention ponds.
The site, consisting of roughly 23.8 acres, is expected to be disturbed by importing dirt, grading
activities and utility installation. A map of the erosion control measures and proposed utilities are
included in the back pocket of this report. The map is an important document that the contractor
will need to use throughout the construction project and is discussed in later sections.
1.3 Proposed Sequence of Activities
The contractor is the SWMP Administrator and will be responsible for implementing and
maintaining the erosion and sediment control, and pollution prevention measures described in
this document and the accompanying construction drawings and specifications. The contractor
may designate certain tasks as he sees fit, but the ultimate responsibility for ensuring the
implementation of these controls and their proper function remains with the contractor. The
order of major activities will be as follows:
1. Site Preparation: Confirm project disturbance limitations with those indicated on the
Erosion Control Plan, and install initial sediment and erosion control and pollution
prevention BMP’s. All BMP’s must be shown on the Erosion Control Plan in the back
pocket of this report. Some BMP locations must be determined by the contractor and
marked on the plans in addition to the ones already shown.
2. Schedule pre-construction inspection of BMPs with the City of Fort Collins to insure
proper installation and functionality. Fill out an inspection report, provided in Appendix
E, and file it in this report notebook.
3. The general site construction process will start with mobilization and clearing/stripping
and grading activities. This will require the installation of inlet protection, surface
roughing and erosion control blankets on slopes steeper than 3:1. Utility installation will
be the next phase where attention should be given to waste management, outdoor
storage areas, dewatering requirements, and rip-rap installation. With the completion of
utilities, the hardscape will start which will required that attention be given to items such
as spill containment, concrete washout areas. When the hardscape is complete the
buildings will start construction. Around each individual building site perimeter
protection, such as staked straw wattles, shall be installed for areas where sediment can
run onto the hardscape.
4. Installation of permanent BMP’s: seeding, mulching, spray-on matrix or rolled erosion
control blankets on slopes
5. Permanent and temporary seeding: temporary seeding of areas that won’t be stabilized
within 30 days, permanent seeding of any areas that are complete.
6. Remove all temporary BMPs upon establishment of sufficient vegetative cover or other
permanent stabilization.
If at any time construction ceases for a period expected to exceed 30 days, such as the project
being split into multiple phases, temporary seeding of future phases shall be installed until
construction of each future phase has begun. In the event that the project is split into phases or
suspended, the permit may need to be inactivated or reassigned to next administrator. At this
point no phasing is anticipated for this project.
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Below is a construction sequence chart linking erosion control measures implementation to the
specific construction phase:
Clear, Strip, Utility Curb, Gutter, Building
Construction Phase Mobilization Grade Installation Subgrade and Sidewalk Paving Construction Landscape Demobilization
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Structural
Concrete Washout Area
Erosion Control Blanket
Inlet Filter (Curb/Drop)
Riprap Pad
Silt Fencing
Surface Roughness
Vehicle Tracking Control Pad
Wattle Dike (Flow area)
Wattle Dike (Staked)
Vegetative
Mulching
Temporary Seeding/Planting
Permanent Seeding/Planting
Note: All structural BMPs, other than Riprap pads and erosion control blankets, are to be removed once construction has been completed and the site has been stabilized.
Temporary seeding and mulching to occur any time construction ceases for a period expected to exceed 30 days.
Construction Sequence Chart
1.4 Existing Soil and Surface Conditions
Generally, the site consists of a grassland mix with roughly 90% cover and existing slopes around
1.0% in the eastern direction toward Strauss Cabin Road. The estimated 2-yr runoff coefficient (c)
for the existing site conditions is 0.20.
According to the USDA Web Soil Survey, the site surface consists of Type A, B and D soils, with
the dominant soil group being Type B. The erosion factor, K, indicates the susceptibility of a soil to
sheet and rill erosion by water. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69, where the higher the value is,
the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water. According to the results of the
survey, the site’s potential for erosion ranges widely across the site. The erosion susceptibility
ranges from “very low” to “high” depending on the soil type in that area. Please refer to the web soil
survey data included in Appendix G for further information.
1.5 Wetlands and Receiving Waters
There is a small wetland (411 sf) located in the north – central portion of the site. This wetland
will be regraded with the project. Mitigation of this wetland will occur onsite within the
stormwater detention facility constructed with the Harmony 23 development.
Runoff from the property will discharge to the southeast into an existing gravel pond on the east
side of Strauss Cabin Road. This gravel pond will then spill to the south into a drainage way
adjacent to I-25. The drainage way outlets into two culverts under Kechter Road, which then
runs through Island Lake Marina, under I-25, and then east to the Poudre River.
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1.6 Storm Water Management Plan Administrator
_________________________ shall be the designated SWMP Administrator for the Project. It
will be his or her responsibility to insure the SWMP's adequacy at all times to effectively
manage potential storm water pollutants throughout the course of construction.
1.7 Potential Pollutants
Below is a list of potential pollution sources that can occur during the construction of site
improvements and potential remedies, or the appropriate section that should be referenced for
controlling these pollution sources:
• All disturbed and stored soils – (Surface roughening, reseeding, mulching and silt
fence)
• Vehicle tracking of sediments – (Vehicle tracking pads, street sweeping)
• Management of contaminated soils – (See Section 2.3.2)
• Loading and unloading operations – (See Section 2.2.3 - Stabilized Staging
Area)
• Outdoor storage activities (building materials, fertilizers, chemicals, etc.) – (See
Section 2.3)
• Vehicle and equipment maintenance and fueling - (See Section 2.3.2)
• Significant dust or particulate generating processes – (See Section 2.2.3 – Wind
Erosion/Dust Control)
• Routine maintenance activities involving fertilizers, pesticides, detergents, fuels,
solvents, oils, etc. (See Section 2.3.2)
• On-site waste management practices (waste piles, liquid wastes, dumpsters,
etc.) – (See Section 2.3)
• Concrete truck/equipment washing, including the concrete truck chute and
associated fixtures and equipment - (Use concrete wash-out)
• Dedicated asphalt and concrete batch plants – (Not used on this project)
• Non-industrial waste sources such as worker trash and portable toilets – (See
Section 2.3.2.- BMP’s for San/Septic Waste)
• Other areas or procedures where potential spills can occur (See Section 2.3)
2.0 Pollution Controls
2.1 Controls Overview
During construction, several control measures shall be implemented under the direction of the
contractor to prevent discharge of contaminated water. Specifications and details for specific
control measures are included in Appendix C of this report for use on the project. In addition to
those structural measures, other controls include non-structural practices, materials
management, spill prevention and management, and other miscellaneous controls as described
in the following sections.
2.2 Erosion and Sediment controls
The objective of erosion control is to limit the amount of erosion occurring on disturbed areas
until stabilized. The objective of sediment control is to capture soil that has eroded before it
leaves the construction site. Despite the use of both erosion and sediment control measures, it
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is recognized that some sediment could remain in runoff, especially during very large storm
events. The contractor shall utilize the best management practices (BMP’s) described in the
following sections to minimize the above potential to the maximum extent practicable.
During all phases of construction, the contractor should plan ahead of possible rainfall events
and work to limit erosion from occurring where potential exists. Where potential does exist
provide adequate conveyance, temporary or permanent, and direct runoff to BMP’s that trap
sediment. The erosion and sediment BMP’s anticipated for use on the site include both
structural and non-structural practices.
2.2.1 Structural Practices
Structural BMPs are structures that limit erosion and sediment transport. Such
Practices include check dams, silt fence, inlet and outlet protection, water quality ponds,
and grading techniques. The structural BMP’s that will be utilized on the subject site are
described in more detail as follows
Check Dams
• Can be constructed of rock, gravel bags or sandbags across a swale or channel
• Used to slow the velocity of concentrated flow in a channel and reduce erosion
• Used to catch sediment by capturing contaminated runoff
• Most effective when used with other erosion prevention BMPs
• Should not be used for basins exceeding 2-5 acres
• Should be used in series with the base elevation of the upstream dam set at the
same elevation or lower than the downstream dam.
Sediment Control Logs (Wattles)
• A linear roll made of natural materials such as straw or coconut fiber and staked
to the ground with a wooden stake
• To be used as a sediment barrier to intercept sheet flow from disturbed areas –
as perimeter control around stockpiles, inlet protection, check dams for small
drainage swales with low velocity
• To be installed along the contour
• Remove accumulated sediment once the depth is one half the height of the
sediment log and repair damage
Brush Barrier
• A perimeter sediment control constructed with stacked shrubs, tree limbs and
bushy vegetation that has been cleared from the construction area
• Appropriate for areas where adequate brush has been cleared from the site
• Used at toe of slopes and should be implemented in combination with other
BMP’s such as surface roughening and seeding.
• Considered short-term BMP because the materials naturally decompose
• An effective brush barrier will be constructed with small shrubs and limbs with 6”
diameter or less. The brush barrier mound should be at least 3’ high and 5’ wide
at its base.
• A filter fabric can be placed over the top of the pile to avoid significant movement.
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Silt Fence
• A temporary vertical barrier attached to and supported by posts entrenched in the
ground
• Utilized to intercept sediment from disturbed areas during construction
• For use in areas of shallow flow, not concentrated runoff
• Typically used at the toe of fills and in transitions between cuts and fills and
along streams
• Usually used as a perimeter control.
• Installed prior to any land disturbing activity
• Shall be inspected periodically and after each rain or snowmelt event
• Not effective as a wind break.
Water Quality Ponds
• A small temporary or permanent ponding area with a hard-lined spillway
• Utilized to detain sediment laden storm water and allow particles to settle out
• Should be installed prior to other land disturbing activities upstream
• Best used with other erosion prevention practices to limit sediment load in pond
• During construction, sediment shall be removed when the wet storage is reduced
by half
• Full capacity of ponds shall be re-established following stabilization
Grading Techniques
• Soil surface roughening, terracing and rounding at tops of cuts, transitions and
roadway ditches to facilitate vegetation and minimize erosion
• Disk surface to create ridges at least 6 inches deep following the land contour
• Used to temporarily stabilize disturbed areas immediately after grading
• After rain storm events, rills that formed should be repaired immediately
2.2.2 Non-Structural Practices
Non-structural BMPs are both temporary and permanent stabilization practices. Such
practices may include surface roughening, temporary or permanent seeding, mulching,
geotextiles and maintaining existing vegetation. The non-structural BMPs that will be
used on the site include the following:
Surface Roughening
• Tracking, scarifying, tilling a disturbed area to provide temporary stabilization and
minimize wind and water erosion.
• Not a stand-alone BMP and should be used with other BMP’s
Temporary and Permanent Seeding
• Soil preparation, disking, and soil amendments are necessary for proper seed
bed establishment.
• Seeded areas should be inspected regularly. Areas that fail to establish shall be
re-seeded promptly.
• Any area exposed for more than 30 days after construction has ceased shall be
seeded and mulched
• Permanent landscape cover shall be installed according to the landscape plan
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Mulching
• Application of plant residues to the soil surface. Typical mulching materials
include certified weed free hay or straw, certified under the Colorado Department
of Agriculture Weed Free Forage Certification Program.
• Utilized in combination with tackifier during high winds, steep slopes, or due to
seasonal constraints.
• Used to cover permanent and temporarily seeded areas.
• Inspect frequently and reapply in areas where mulching has loosened or
removed.
Maintain Existing Vegetation – Vegetated Buffers
• Preserved natural vegetation helps protect waterways and wetlands from land
disturbing activities and improve stormwater runoff quality by straining sediment
and promoting infiltration.
• Concentrated flow should not be directed through a vegetated buffer, instead
runoff should be in the form of sheet flow
• Used in conjunction with other perimeter control BMP’s such as sediment control
logs or silt fence
• Clearly delineate the boundary of the natural buffer area using construction or silt
fencing
Construction Fence
• Used to restrict site access to designated entrances and exits and delineates
construction site boundaries
• Used to protect natural areas or areas that should not be disturbed
• Construction fencing may be chain link or plastic mesh fencing
Rolled Erosion Control Products:
• A special blanket or liner that prevents erosion while vegetation is established
and aids in establishment by preserving moisture available to the seed
• The blankets need to cover the necessary area of the graded slope and bottom
channel.
• The blanket will be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and
specifications. The number of staples or fasteners is critical while vegetation is
still germinating
• The erosion control blankets will be installed once the slopes of the vegetated
swales have reached final grade or on areas where erosion is occurring during
construction.
• The erosion control blanket will be inspected weekly and immediately after storm
events to determine if cracks, tears, or breaches have been formed in the fabric.
If so the blanket will be repaired or replaced immediately.
• Good contact with the soil will be maintained and erosion will not occur under the
blanket. Any areas where the blanket is not in close contact with the ground will
be repaired or replaced.
• Utilized as both temporary and permanent feature depending on grade.
2.2.3 Other Controls
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Vehicle Tracking Control/ Construction Entrance
• A temporary stabilized layer of aggregate underlined with geotextile or gravel
located where traffic enters or exits the construction site
• Should be installed prior to any construction and inspected daily
• Does not work well alone in muddy conditions – use tire washing when mud is
present. Implementation of tire washing should include provisions for collecting
wash water and directing it to a treatment pond
• Whenever possible locate the construction entrance as far from the disturbed
area as possible to allow maximum travel time for sediment removal from tires.
• Public and Private roadways shall be kept clear of accumulated sediment.
• Cleaning sediment shall not be accomplished by flushing with water. Sediment
should be shoveled or swept from the street and placed away from storm water
improvements.
• Consider limiting vehicles from entering the site when conditions are wet or
muddy.
Wind Erosion / Dust Control
• Dust from the site will be controlled using a mobile pressure-type distributor truck
to apply portable water to disturbed areas. The mobile unit will apply water only
as necessary to prevent runoff and ponding.
• Dust control will be implemented as needed once site grading has been initiated
and during windy conditions while site grading is occurring.
• Spraying of portable water will be performed whenever the dryness of the soil
warrants it.
• At least one mobile unit will be available at all time to distribute portable water to
control dust on the project area.
• During high winds limit traffic speeds to 12 mph or less on areas without gravel or
pavement.
• Gravel can be placed on construction roads, entrances, and construction staging
areas. Stone/gravel provides an effective protective cover over the soil.
• In areas where wind erosion is expected soil-binding tackifiers can be applied
with high success.
Stabilized Staging Area
• A clearly designated area where construction equipment and vehicles, waste
bins and other construction related materials are stored
• This area should be designated on the SWMP map.
• Appropriate space to provide loading/unloading operations and parking
• A stabilized surface, paved or covered in 3” diameter aggregate or larger
• Perimeter controls such as silt fence, sediment control logs or construction
fencing
• Vehicle Tracking Control pad to be used in conjunction with a Stabilized Staging
Area if this area is adjacent to a public roadway
Dewatering Operations
• Dewatering typically involves pumping water from an inundated area to a BMP
and then downstream to a receiving waterway, sediment basin or vegetated
area. Dewatering typically involves the use of several BMP’s in sequence
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• All dewatering discharges must be treated to remove sediment before
discharging from a construction site. Discharging water into a sediment trap or
basin or filter bag, series of straw bales or sediment logs are options.
Stockpile Management
• Implement measures to minimize erosion and sediment transport from stockpiles.
• Locate stockpiles away from all drainage system components
• Place BMP’s around the perimeter of the stockpile such as sediment control logs,
rock socks, silt fence, straw bales and sand bags
• For active use stockpiles, provide a stabilized access point upgradient of the
stockpile.
• Surface roughening, temporary seeding and mulching, erosion control blankets
may be needed for stockpiles older than 30 days.
2.3 Materials Management
2.3.1 Potential Pollution Sources
Abnormal or especially hazardous materials are not expected to be utilized during the
construction of the project, but like most construction projects, some materials or
substances used have the potential to be hazardous when leaked into the storm water
runoff. The following materials could potentially be present onsite during construction:
Concrete/Additives/Wastes Cleaning Solvents
Detergents Petroleum based products
Paints/Solvents Pesticides
Acids Fertilizers
Construction Wastes Sanitary wastes
Soil Stabilization additives
Activities on the site that may impact storm water include the following:
• Equipment storage/Washing/Fueling
• Storage of Fertilizers/Chemicals/Paint/Fuel
• Waste storage/disposal
• Sanitary facility use and disposal
As construction progresses, specific areas shall be designated for the above-mentioned
activities and materials management operations. The contractor is responsible to
marking the location of these facilities on the site map and reporting on the condition,
effectiveness and corrections or changes made and why.
2.3.2 Pollution Prevention Measures
Pollution prevention measures should be utilized to prevent construction materials with
the potential for polluting storm water from coming in contact with runoff. Measures
include good housekeeping, proper disposal and storage, spill prevention, and
secondary containment. BMPs for most common construction materials and wastes with
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the greatest potential for adversely affecting water quality are as follows:
BMPs for Construction Waste:
• Select a designated waste collection area onsite
• Locate containers in level areas away from storm water conveyance structures
• Provide covers for containers that contain very hazardous or soluble chemicals
• Avoid putting paint/solvent containers in open dumpsters or allow them to dry
completely before disposing
• If a container does spill, provide clean up immediately
• Make sure waste is disposed of at authorized disposal areas
BMPs for Hazardous Waste Disposal
• Check with local waste management authorities with regard to requirements for
disposing of hazardous materials
• Use entire product before disposing
• Dispose of containers with lids on and tightly sealed
• Provide a separate dumpster for large amounts of chemical or hazardous
material and maintain more stringent controls on that dumpster
• Do not remove the product label from containers, it contains important disposal
information
BMPs for Sanitary/Septic Wastes
• If self-contained, temporary sanitary facilities are used, the waste disposal
company should service the facilities based on the number of workers anticipated
to avoid over use.
• All facilities should be anchored to the ground to prevent overturning due to wind
or accident
• Locate portable toilets away from curbs, swales or other locations where
concentrated runoff may occur.
• Do not dump any hazardous materials into the sanitary waste disposal systems.
BMPs for pesticides/fertilizers
• Store pesticides in a dry covered area and elevate above the ground
• Provide secondary containment barriers around areas where a lot of material is
stored. Straw Wattles are NOT appropriate containment barriers!
• Strictly follow recommended application rates and application methods
• Apply fertilizer more frequently and at lower rates.
• Reduce exposure of nutrients to storm events by working fertilizer deep into soil
BMPs for petroleum products
• Fueling operations shall occur in a designated area.
• Store petroleum products in covered areas and away from areas where
concentrated runoff occurs.
• Provide secondary containment barriers around areas where a lot of material is
stored. Straw Wattles are NOT appropriate containment barriers!
• Schedule preventative maintenance for onsite equipment and fix any gas/oil
leaks on a regular basis
• Follow procedures for proper handling of asphalt and sealers
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• Secure fueling equipment and install valves to prevent vandalism/theft
2.4 Spill Management
Construction site supervisors should create and adopt a spill control plan that includes
measures and procedures to stop the source of the spill, contain the spill, clean up, and dispose
of contaminated materials. Key personnel should be identified and trained to be responsible for
spill prevention and control. The following measures would be appropriate for a spill prevention
response plan:
Store and handle materials to prevent spills
• Tightly seal containers
• Make sure all containers are neatly labeled
• Stack containers carefully for stability to avoid spills.
• Limit the height of stacks of stored materials
• Whenever possible store materials on covered pallets or in trailers with adequate
ventilation
• Eliminate storm water contact if there is a spill
• Have cleanup procedures clearly posted
• Have cleanup materials readily available and posted
• Immediately contain any liquid
• Stop the source of the spill
• Cover spill with absorbent material and dispose of properly
Additionally, records of spills, leaks, or overflows that result in the discharge of pollutants must
be documented and maintained.
When any spill occurs:
1) Notify the controlling operator of the site immediately following a hazardous spill.
2) Document the spill and its clean-up procedures whether reporting is required or not.
3) At a minimum document the following:
• Nature of spill
• Quantity of spill
• Date/time spill occurred
• Agency notification if necessary
• Clean-up procedures used
• Daily monitoring (7 days) after clean-up
• Photographs
• Interview(s) with any witnesses of the event
Some spills will need to be reported to the Division of Water Quality immediately including the
following:
• Over 25 gallons of petroleum
• 5 CCs of mercury
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• a release of any chemical, oil, petroleum product which entered waters of the State of
Colorado (which include surface water, groundwater, dry gullies or storm sewers leading
to surface water).
• Any spill or release of raw sewage
If any of the above criteria is met or exceeded, the Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment, Local Emergency Planning committee, downstream users and other agencies
(MS4s) will be notified. The CDPHE will be notified by telephone within 24 hours. In addition,
written notification describing the spill and the clean up procedures used will be sent to the
agencies 5 days following the spill. If a spill does not meet the above criteria, reporting is not
mandatory.
See Appendix D for the Divisions requirements. The Divisions 24-hour environmental
emergency spill reporting line is 1-877-518-5608.
2.5 Non-Storm Water Components of Discharge
Non-storm water discharges must be avoided or reduced to the maximum extent possible. This
SWMP plan assumes construction dewatering will be required. Pumping or draining
groundwater, even groundwater that has infiltrated an excavation, requires a separate permit
from the State. Storm water that mixes with groundwater is also subject to the controls in the
general permit for Construction Dewatering. The permit requirements and application for
Construction dewatering is available at:
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/construction.html.
No materials shall be discharged in quantities that may impact storm water runoff. Possible
discharge sources that need to be contained include:
• Locations where water tanks are being filled. Seal all leaks and avoid over filling. Any
leaks should be directed to a water quality pond or protected to prevent erosion.
• Contain excess water during fire hydrant blow off, water system cleaning or other
instances where potable water is discharged onto the surface. Convey any discharge to
a water quality pond and avoid causing erosion by avoiding steep slopes, disturbed
areas, etc.
• Monitor irrigation systems and fix leaks promptly. Avoid over irrigating areas where
vegetation is not yet established.
3.0 Inspection and Maintenance
3.1 Inspection and Maintenance Overview
A site inspection of all erosion control facilities shall be conducted at least once every two
weeks and immediately following any significant storm event, including snowmelt that can cause
surface erosion and at least every 30 days for inactive projects. The inspection must determine
if there is any evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants entering the drainage system. BMPs
should be inspected to see if they meet the design and operation criteria in the SWMP and that
they are adequately controlling potential pollutants. Any defects shall be corrected promptly.
Where spill kits have been used, or storage areas moved, supplies shall be restocked and re-
protected. The site shall be inspected by the SWMP administrator or someone with adequate
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training who should monitor and follow the procedures outlined below:
3.2 Minimum Monitoring and Requirements
• Inspections of the site shall be conducted by the contractor (or agent) every two
weeks and after significant storm events.
• Inspections are required at least every 30 days and after measurable storm
events for sites that are no longer under construction, but do not have 70%
established ground cover.
• A qualified superintendent familiar with this SWMP and BMPs shall perform the
inspections.
• The contractor shall certify that the site is in compliance with the permit by:
• Ensuring areas where significant runoff is occurring are identified on the site map
• Storm water outfall shall be observed to determine whether or not measurable
quantities of sediment or other pollutants have been or are being transported
offsite.
• BMPs shall be addressed to determine if they are functioning properly or if they
are in need of repair or maintenance. If the report describes deficiencies in
pollution control structures or procedures, such deficiencies shall be corrected
immediately
• A brief description of measures taken to correct deficiencies shall be recorded.
• Determine if additional controls will be needed to next week’s activities.
• When an inspection does not identify any incidents of non-compliance, the report
shall contain a certification that the site is in compliance with the SWMP and this
permit.
• The date and inspector identity shall also be recorded. This record shall be
signed made available to the State or City upon request.
Based on the results of the inspection, the description of potential pollutant sources, and
the control measures used should be updated on the SWMP and Site Maps as soon as
possible. Typically, corrective action shall commence immediately when a deficiency is
observed. SWMP and Map updates shall be completed within 72 hours. Another
inspection should follow up and include the date, corrective action taken, and initials of
who certified the work.
3.3 Reporting Requirements/ Inspection Reports
The contractor is responsible for reporting of all BMP inspections and maintaining
records of reports and maps throughout the project. The record shall be retained onsite
and/or readily available until the inactivation notice has been filed. All inspection reports
shall be submitted to the owner when the permit becomes inactive. A
recommended/example inspection for is included in Appendix E. At a minimum, the
inspection reports shall contain the following:
• Dates
• Name(s) of inspectors
• Purpose of inspection e.g. spill event, leakage of materials, storm event, bi-
Page 15
weekly inspection, etc.
• When a bi-weekly report, an assessment of the entire property as related to
SWMP issues
• An estimated area of currently disturbed area.
• Evaluation of all active BMPs
• Actions needed to assure continued compliance with SWMP guidelines
• Document all areas of potential pollution sources and how they are protected
• Documentation of any needed changes
• Training events
• Uncontrolled releases of mud or muddy water or measureable amounts of
sediment
• An estimated amount of precipitation. An onsite rain gauge is suggested.
3.4 Site Maps
In the back pocket of this report notebook there is an Erosion Control Plan for use during
construction. The purpose of this plan is to provide the contractor a place to document
and plan BMP’s used during construction. Because the placement of individual BMP’s
will depend on the condition of the site and the contractor’s judgment, not all BMP’s are
shown on the plans. It is the contractor’s duty as site administrator to determine the
need for and placement of BMPs and mark them on the map.
4.0 Final Stabilization/ Conclusion
Permanent stabilization will be achieved by establishing vegetative or permanent surface cover on
all disturbed areas. The final vegetative cover is specified on the Erosion Control Plan. Vegetative
cover is considered complete when 70 percent of the pre-disturbance plant density is restored. In
cases where the site was already disturbed, the existing gravel ponds for example, the pre-
disturbance density will be the naturally occurring cover on currently vegetated areas.
The contractor shall remove all temporary erosion and sediment control BMPs after stabilization is
achieved or after temporary BMPs are no longer needed. Trapped sediment (including within
pipes) will be removed by the contractor or stabilized onsite. Disturbed soil areas resulting from
removal of BMPs or the contractor will permanently stabilize vegetation as soon as possible.
Again, this plan is a living document that will need to be updated and maintained throughout
the construction process and until all areas of the site have been stabilized. This permit will
remain active until an inactivation notice has been filed with the State. Additionally, this permit may
be transferred to another party in the event that the contractor or sub-contractor responsible for its
implementation leaves the site before stabilization has occurred. The Inactivation Notice and
Reassignment Notices are included in Appendix F.
5.0 References
1. CDOT Erosion Control and Storm Water Quality Guide, Colorado Department of
Transportation, 2002
Page 16
2. Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District (Rev. July,
2001)
3. Storm Water Risk Management, LLC; April 11, 2008; Pre-Construction & Engineering
Training for Construction Storm Water Management Manual.
4. Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control – National Menu of best practices, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1999
APPENDIX A
CDPHE General Permit for Storm Water Discharge –
Construction Activity
Page 2 of 22
Permit No. COR-030000
CDPS GENERAL PERMIT
STORMWATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE
COLORADO DISCHARGE PERMIT SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of the Colorado Water Quality Control Act, (25-8-101 et seq., CRS, 1973
as amended) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.; the "Act"),
this permit authorizes the discharge of stormwater associated with construction activities (and specific
allowable non-stormwater discharges in accordance with Part I.D.3 of the permit) certified under this permit,
from those locations specified throughout the State of Colorado to specified waters of the State. Such
discharges shall be in accordance with the conditions of this permit.
This permit specifically authorizes the facility listed on page 1 of this permit to discharge, as of this date, in
accordance with permit requirements and conditions set forth in Parts I and II hereof. All discharges
authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms and conditions of this permit.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight, June 30, 2012.
Issued and Signed this 31st day of May, 2007
COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
Janet S. Kieler
Permits Section Manager
Water Quality Control Division
SIGNED AND ISSUED MAY 31, 2007
EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1. Authority to Discharge ............................................................................................................................................. 3
a) Applicable Sections................................................................................................................................. 3
b) Oil and Gas Construction ........................................................................................................................ 3
2. Definitions................................................................................................................................................................ 3
3. Permit Coverage Without Application – Qualifying Local Programs...................................................................... 3
a) Applicable Sections................................................................................................................................. 3
b) Local Agency Authority.......................................................................................................................... 4
c) Permit Coverage Termination ................................................................................................................. 4
d) Compliance with Qualifying Local Program .......................................................................................... 4
e) Full Permit Applicability......................................................................................................................... 4
4. Application, Due Dates ............................................................................................................................................ 4
a) Application Due Dates ............................................................................................................................ 4
b) Summary of Application ......................................................................................................................... 4
5. Permit Certification Procedures ............................................................................................................................... 4
a) Request for Additional Information ........................................................................................................ 4
b) Automatic Coverage................................................................................................................................ 5
c) Individual Permit Required ..................................................................................................................... 5
d) General vs. Individual Permit Coverage ................................................................................................. 5
e) Local Agency Authority.......................................................................................................................... 5
6. Inactivation Notice ................................................................................................................................................... 5
7. Transfer of Permit ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
8. Reassignment of Permit............................................................................................................................................ 5
9. Sale of Residence to Homeowners........................................................................................................................... 6
10. Permit Expiration Date............................................................................................................................................. 6
11. Individual Permit Criteria......................................................................................................................................... 6
B. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................... 6
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN – CONTENTS......................................................................................................... 7
1. Site Description........................................................................................................................................................ 7
2. Site Map ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Stormwater Management Controls........................................................................................................................... 8
a) SWMP Administrator............................................................................................................................... 8
b) Identification of Potential Pollutant Sources............................................................................................ 8
c) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Stormwater Pollution Prevention. ........................................... 8
4. Final Stabilization and Long-term Stormwater Management.................................................................................... 9
5. Inspection and Maintenance................................................................................................................................... 10
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS................................................................................................................................................... 10
1. General Limitations................................................................................................................................................ 10
2. BMP Implementation and Design Standards.......................................................................................................... 10
3. Prohibition of Non-Stormwater Discharges ........................................................................................................... 11
4. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities.......................................................................................................... 11
5. SWMP Requirements............................................................................................................................................. 11
a) SWMP Preparation and Implementation............................................................................................... 11
b) SWMP Retention Requirements ........................................................................................................... 11
c) SWMP Review/Changes....................................................................................................................... 11
d) Responsive SWMP Changes................................................................................................................. 12
6. Inspections............................................................................................................................................................... 12
a) Minimum Inspection Schedule............................................................................................................... 12
b) Inspection Requirements........................................................................................................................ 13
c) Required Actions Following Site Inspections ........................................................................................ 13
7. BMP Maintenance .................................................................................................................................................. 13
8. Replacement and Failed BMPs ............................................................................................................................... 14
9. Reporting................................................................................................................................................................. 14
-2a-
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
10. SWMP Availability ................................................................................................................................................. 14
11. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)..................................................................................................................... 14
E. ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................................................. 15
F. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................................. 16
1. Signatory Requirements .......................................................................................................................................... 16
2. Retention of Records............................................................................................................................................... 16
3. Monitoring............................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART II
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................................ 17
1. Amending a Permit Certification............................................................................................................................. 17
2. Special Notifications - Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 17
3. Noncompliance Notification ................................................................................................................................... 17
4. Submission of Incorrect or Incomplete Information ............................................................................................... 18
5. Bypass ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
6. Upsets ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7. Removed Substances............................................................................................................................................... 18
8. Minimization of Adverse Impact............................................................................................................................. 18
9. Reduction, Loss, or Failure of Stormwater Controls............................................................................................... 19
10. Proper Operation and Maintenance......................................................................................................................... 19
B. RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................................................................................
19
1. Inspections and Right to Entry ................................................................................................................................ 19
2. Duty to Provide Information ................................................................................................................................... 19
3. Transfer of Ownership or Control ........................................................................................................................... 19
4. Modification, Suspension, or Revocation of Permit By Division ........................................................................... 20
5. Permit Violations..................................................................................................................................................... 21
6. Legal Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................................. 21
7. Severability ............................................................................................................................................................. 21
8. Renewal Application ............................................................................................................................................... 21
9. Confidentiality......................................................................................................................................................... 21
10. Fees ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
11. Requiring an Individual CDPS Permit .................................................................................................................... 22
-2b-
PART I
Permit - Page 3
Permit No. COR-030000
PART I
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT
1. Authority to Discharge
Under this permit, facilities are granted authorization to discharge stormwater associated with construction activities into
waters of the state of Colorado. This permit also authorizes the discharge of specific allowable non-stormwater discharges,
in accordance with Part I.D.3 of the permit, which includes discharges to the ground. This includes stormwater discharges
from areas that are dedicated to producing earthen materials, such as soils, sand and gravel, for use at a single construction
site (i.e., borrow or fill areas). This permit also authorizes stormwater discharges from dedicated asphalt batch plants and
dedicated concrete batch plants. (Coverage under the construction site permit is not required for batch plants if they have
alternate CDPS permit coverage.) This permit does not authorize the discharge of mine water or process water from such
areas.
a) Applicable Sections: In accordance with Part I.A.3 of this permit, some parts of this permit do not apply to sites
covered under a Qualifying Local Program, as defined in I.A.2.d. For sites not covered by a Qualifying Local
Program, all parts of the permit apply except Part I.A.3. The permittee will be responsible for determining and then
complying with the applicable sections.
b) Oil and Gas Construction: Stormwater discharges associated with construction activities directly related to oil and
gas exploration, production, processing, and treatment operations or transmission facilities are regulated under the
Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations (5CCR 1002-61), and require coverage under this permit in
accordance with that regulation. However, references in this permit to specific authority under the Federal Clean
Water Act (CWA) do not apply to stormwater discharges associated with these oil and gas related construction
activities, to the extent that the references are limited by the federal Energy Policy Act of 2005.
2. Definitions
a) Stormwater: Stormwater is precipitation-induced surface runoff.
b) Construction activity: Construction activity refers to ground surface disturbing activities, which include, but are
not limited to, clearing, grading, excavation, demolition, installation of new or improved haul roads and access
roads, staging areas, stockpiling of fill materials, and borrow areas. Construction does not include routine
maintenance to maintain original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the facility.
c) Small construction activity: Stormwater discharge associated with small construction activity means the discharge
of stormwater from construction activities that result in land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre and less
than five acres. Small construction activity also includes the disturbance of less than one acre of total land area that
is part of a larger common plan of development or sale, if the larger common plan will ultimately disturb equal to or
greater than one and less than five acres.
d) Qualifying Local Program: This permit includes conditions that incorporate qualifying local erosion and sediment
control program (Qualifying Local Program) requirements by reference. A Qualifying Local Program is a municipal
stormwater program for stormwater discharges associated with small construction activity that has been formally
approved by the Division.
Other Definitions: Definitions of additional terms can be found in Part I.E. of this permit.
3. Permit Coverage Without Application – for small construction activities under a Qualifying Local Program only
If a small construction site is within the jurisdiction of a Qualifying Local Program, the operator of the construction
activity is authorized to discharge stormwater associated with small construction activity under this general permit without
the submittal of an application to the Division.
a) Applicable Sections: For sites covered by a Qualifying Local Program, only Parts 1.A.1, 1.A.2, 1.A.3, I.D.1, I.D.2,
I.D.3, I.D.4, I.D.7, I.D.8, I.D.11, I.E and Part II of this permit, with the exception of Parts II.A.1, II.B.3, II.B.8, and
II.B10, apply.
PART I
Permit - Page 4
Permit No. COR-030000
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT (cont.)
b) Local Agency Authority: This permit does not pre-empt or supersede the authority of local agencies to prohibit,
restrict, or control discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water courses within their jurisdiction.
c) Permit Coverage Termination: When a site under a Qualifying Local Program has been finally stabilized,
coverage under this permit is automatically terminated.
d) Compliance with Qualifying Local Program: A construction site operator that has authorization to discharge
under this permit under Part I.A.3 shall comply with the requirements of the Qualifying Local Program with
jurisdiction over the site.
e) Full Permit Applicability: The Division may require any operator within the jurisdiction of a Qualifying Local
Program covered under this permit to apply for and obtain coverage under the full requirements of this permit. The
operator must be notified in writing that an application for full coverage is required. When a permit certification
under this permit is issued to an operator that would otherwise be covered under Part I.A.3 of this permit, the full
requirements of this permit replace the requirements as per Part I.A.3 of this permit, upon the effective date of the
permit certification. A site brought under the full requirements of this permit must still comply with local
stormwater management requirements, policies or guidelines as required by Part I.D.1.g of this permit.
4. Application, Due Dates
a) Application Due Dates: At least ten calendar days prior to the commencement of construction activities, the
applicant shall submit an application form as provided by the Division, with a certification that the Stormwater
Management Plan (SWMP) is complete.
One original completed discharge permit application shall be submitted, by mail or hand delivery, to:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
WQCD-Permits-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, Colorado 80246-1530
b) Summary of Application: The application requires, at a minimum, the following:
1) The applicant’s company name; address; telephone number; and email address (if available); whether the
applicant is the owner, developer, or contractor; and local contact information;
2) Project name, address, county and location of the construction site, including the latitude and longitude to the
nearest 15 seconds of the approximate center of the construction activity;
3) Legal description or map of the construction site;
4) Estimates of: the total area of the site, the area of the site that is expected to be disturbed, and the total area of
the larger common plan of development or sale to undergo disturbance;
5) The nature of the construction activity;
6) The anticipated start date and final stabilization date for the project;
7) The name of the receiving water(s), or the municipal separate storm sewer system and the ultimate (i.e., named)
receiving water(s);
8) Certification that the SWMP for the construction site is complete (see Part I.C. below); and
9) The signature of the applicant, signed in accordance with Part I.F.1 of this permit.
5. Permit Certification Procedures
If this general permit is appropriate for the applicant's operation, then a certification will be developed and the applicant
will be authorized to discharge stormwater under this general permit.
a) Request for Additional Information: The Division shall have up to ten calendar days after receipt of the above
information to request additional data and/or deny the authorization for any particular discharge. Upon receipt of
additional information, the Division shall have an additional ten calendar days to issue or deny authorization for
the particular discharge. (Notification of denial shall be by letter, in cases where coverage under an alternate general
permit or an individual permit is required, instead of coverage under this permit.)
PART I
Permit - Page 5
Permit No. COR-030000
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT (cont.)
b) Automatic Coverage: If the applicant does not receive a request for additional information or a notification of
denial from the Division dated within ten calendar days of receipt of the application by the Division, authorization to
discharge in accordance with the conditions of this permit shall be deemed granted.
c) Individual Permit Required: If, after evaluation of the application (or additional information, such as the SWMP),
it is found that this general permit is not appropriate for the operation, then the application will be processed as one
for an individual permit. The applicant will be notified of the Division's decision to deny certification under this
general permit. For an individual permit, additional information may be requested, and 180 days may be required to
process the application and issue the permit. At the Division’s discretion, temporary coverage under this general
permit may be allowed until the individual permit goes into effect.
d) General vs. Individual Permit Coverage: Any permittee authorized by this permit may request to be excluded
from the coverage of this permit by applying for an individual CDPS permit. The permittee shall submit an
individual application, with reasons supporting the request, to the Division at least 180 days prior to any discharge.
e) Local Agency Authority: This permit does not pre-empt or supersede the authority of local agencies to prohibit,
restrict, or control discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water courses within their jurisdiction.
6. Inactivation Notice
When a site has been finally stabilized in accordance with the SWMP, the permittee must submit an Inactivation Notice
form that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1. of this permit. The Inactivation Notice form is available from the
Division and includes:
a) Permit certification number;
b) The permittee's name, address, telephone number;
c) Name, location, and county for the construction site for which the inactivation notice is being submitted; and
d) Certification that the site has been finally stabilized, and a description of the final stabilization method(s).
7. Transfer of Permit
When responsibility for stormwater discharges at a construction site changes from one entity to another, the permittee shall
submit a completed Notice of Transfer and Acceptance of Terms form that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1. of
this permit. The Notice of Transfer form is available from the Division and includes:
a) Permit certification number;
b) Name, location, and county for the construction site for which the Notice of Transfer is being submitted;
c) Identifying information for the new permittee;
d) Identifying information for the current permittee; and
e) Effective date of transfer.
If the new responsible party will not complete the transfer form, the permit may be inactivated upon written request to the
Division and completion of the Inactivation Notice if the permittee has no legal responsibility, through ownership or
contract, for the construction activities at the site. In this case, the new owner or operator would be required to obtain
permit coverage separately.
8. Reassignment of Permit
When a permittee no longer has control of a specific portion of a permitted site, and wishes to transfer coverage of that
portion of the site to a second party, the permittee shall submit a completed Notice of Reassignment of Permit Coverage
form that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1. of this permit. The Notice of Reassignment of Permit Coverage form is
available from the Division and includes:
a) Current permit certification number;
b) Identifying information and certification as required by Part I.A.4.b for the new permittee;
c) Identifying information for the current permittee, revised site information and certification for reassignment; and
d) Effective date of reassignment.
PART I
Permit - Page 6
Permit No. COR-030000
A. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT (cont.)
If the new responsible party will not complete the reassignment form, the applicable portion of the permitted site may be
removed from permit coverage upon written request to the Division if the permittee has no legal responsibility, through
ownership or contract, for the construction activities at the portion of the site. In this case, the new owner or operator
would be required to obtain permit coverage separately.
9. Sale of Residence to Homeowners
For residential construction only, when a residential lot has been conveyed to a homeowner and all criteria in paragraphs
a through e, below, are met, coverage under this permit is no longer required and the conveyed lot may be removed from
coverage under the permittee’s certification. At such time, the permittee is no longer responsible for meeting the terms and
conditions of this permit for the conveyed lot, including the requirement to transfer or reassign permit coverage. The
permittee remains responsible for inactivation of the original certification.
a) The lot has been sold to the homeowner(s) for private residential use;
b) the lot is less than one acre of disturbed area;
c) all construction activity conducted by the permittee on the lot is completed;
d) a certificate of occupancy (or equivalent) has been awarded to the home owner; and
e) the SWMP has been amended to indicate the lot is no longer covered by permit.
Lots not meeting all of the above criteria require continued permit coverage. However, this permit coverage may be
transferred (Part I.A.7, above) or reassigned (Part I.A.8, above) to a new owner or operator.
10. Permit Expiration Date
Authorization to discharge under this general permit shall expire on June 30, 2012. The Division must evaluate and
reissue this general permit at least once every five years and must recertify the permittee's authority to discharge under the
general permit at such time. Therefore, a permittee desiring continued coverage under the general permit must reapply by
March 31, 2012. The Division will initiate the renewal process; however, it is ultimately the permittee’s responsibility to
ensure that the renewal is submitted. The Division will determine if the permittee may continue to operate under the terms
of the general permit. An individual permit may be required for any facility not reauthorized to discharge under the
reissued general permit.
11. Individual Permit Criteria
Various criteria can be used in evaluating whether or not an individual (or alternate general) permit is required instead of
this general permit. This information may come from the application, SWMP, or additional information as requested by
the Division, and includes, but is not limited to, the following:
a) the quality of the receiving waters (i.e., the presence of downstream drinking water intakes or a high quality fishery,
or for preservation of high quality water);
b) the size of the construction site;
c) evidence of noncompliance under a previous permit for the operation;
d) the use of chemicals within the stormwater system; or
e) discharges of pollutants of concern to waters for which there is an established Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).
In addition, an individual permit may be required when the Division has shown or has reason to suspect that the
stormwater discharge may contribute to a violation of a water quality standard.
B. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. A SWMP shall be developed for each facility covered by this permit. The SWMP shall be prepared in accordance with
good engineering, hydrologic and pollution control practices. (The SWMP need not be prepared by a registered engineer.)
PART I
Permit - Page 7
Permit No. COR-030000
B. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (cont.)
2. The SWMP shall:
a) Identify all potential sources of pollution which may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of stormwater
discharges associated with construction activity from the facility;
b) Describe the practices to be used to reduce the pollutants in stormwater discharges associated with construction
activity at the facility; and ensure the practices are selected and described in accordance with good engineering
practices, including the installation, implementation and maintenance requirements; and
c) Be properly prepared, and updated in accordance with Part I.D.5.c, to ensure compliance with the terms and
conditions of this permit.
3. Facilities must implement the provisions of the SWMP as written and updated, from commencement of construction activity
until final stabilization is complete, as a condition of this permit. The Division reserves the right to review the SWMP, and
to require the permittee to develop and implement additional measures to prevent and control pollution as needed.
4. The SWMP may reflect requirements for Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans under section 311 of
the CWA, or Best Management Practices (BMPs) Programs otherwise required by a separate CDPS permit, and may
incorporate any part of such plans into the SWMP by reference, provided that the relevant sections of such plans are
available as part of the SWMP consistent with Part I.D.5.b.
5. For any sites with permit coverage before June 30, 2007, the permittee’s SMWP must meet the new SWMP requirements as
summarized in Section II.I of the rationale. Any needed changes must be made by October 1, 2007.
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS
The SWMP shall include the following items, at a minimum.
1. Site Description. The SWMP shall clearly describe the construction activity, to include:
a) The nature of the construction activity at the site.
b) The proposed sequence for major activities.
c) Estimates of the total area of the site, and the area and location expected to be disturbed by clearing, excavation,
grading, or other construction activities.
d) A summary of any existing data used in the development of the site construction plans or SWMP that describe the
soil or existing potential for soil erosion.
e) A description of the existing vegetation at the site and an estimate of the percent vegetative ground cover.
f) The location and description of all potential pollution sources, including ground surface disturbing activities (see
Part I.A.2.b), vehicle fueling, storage of fertilizers or chemicals, etc.
g) The location and description of any anticipated allowable sources of non-stormwater discharge at the site, e.g.,
uncontaminated springs, landscape irrigation return flow, construction dewatering, and concrete washout.
h) The name of the receiving water(s) and the size, type and location of any outfall(s). If the stormwater discharge is to
a municipal separate storm sewer system, the name of that system, the location of the storm sewer discharge, and the
ultimate receiving water(s).
2. Site Map. The SWMP shall include a legible site map(s), showing the entire site, identifying:
a) construction site boundaries;
b) all areas of ground surface disturbance;
c) areas of cut and fill;
d) areas used for storage of building materials, equipment, soil, or waste;
e) locations of dedicated asphalt or concrete batch plants;
f) locations of all structural BMPs;
g) locations of non-structural BMPs as applicable; and
h) locations of springs, streams, wetlands and other surface waters.
PART I
Permit - Page 8
Permit No. COR-030000
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS (cont.)
3. Stormwater Management Controls.
The SWMP must include a description of all stormwater management controls that will be implemented as part of the
construction activity to control pollutants in stormwater discharges. The appropriateness and priorities of stormwater
management controls in the SWMP shall reflect the potential pollutant sources identified at the facility.
The description of stormwater management controls shall address the following components, at a minimum:
a) SWMP Administrator - The SWMP shall identify a specific individual(s), position or title who is responsible for
developing, implementing, maintaining, and revising the SWMP. The activities and responsibilities of the
administrator shall address all aspects of the facility’s SWMP.
b) Identification of Potential Pollutant Sources - All potential pollutant sources, including materials and activities, at
a site must be evaluated for the potential to contribute pollutants to stormwater discharges. The SWMP shall
identify and describe those sources determined to have the potential to contribute pollutants to stormwater
discharges, and the sources must be controlled through BMP selection and implementation, as required in paragraph
(c), below.
At a minimum, each of the following sources and activities shall be evaluated for the potential to contribute
pollutants to stormwater discharges, and identified in the SWMP if found to have such potential:
1) all disturbed and stored soils;
2) vehicle tracking of sediments;
3) management of contaminated soils;
4) loading and unloading operations;
5) outdoor storage activities (building materials, fertilizers, chemicals, etc.);
6) vehicle and equipment maintenance and fueling;
7) significant dust or particulate generating processes;
8) routine maintenance activities involving fertilizers, pesticides, detergents, fuels, solvents, oils, etc.;
9) on-site waste management practices (waste piles, liquid wastes, dumpsters, etc.);
10) concrete truck/equipment washing, including the concrete truck chute and associated fixtures and equipment;
11) dedicated asphalt and concrete batch plants;
12) non-industrial waste sources such as worker trash and portable toilets; and
13) other areas or procedures where potential spills can occur.
c) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Stormwater Pollution Prevention - The SWMP shall identify and
describe appropriate BMPs, including, but not limited to, those required by paragraphs 1 through 8 below, that will
be implemented at the facility to reduce the potential of the sources identified in Part I.C.3.b to contribute pollutants
to stormwater discharges. The SWMP shall clearly describe the installation and implementation specifications for
each BMP identified in the SWMP to ensure proper implementation, operation and maintenance of the BMP.
1) Structural Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all
structural practices implemented at the site to minimize erosion and sediment transport. Practices may include,
but are not limited to: straw bales, wattles/sediment control logs, silt fences, earth dikes, drainage swales,
sediment traps, subsurface drains, pipe slope drains, inlet protection, outlet protection, gabions, and temporary
or permanent sediment basins.
2) Non-Structural Practices for Erosion and Sediment Control. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate, as
applicable, all non-structural practices implemented at the site to minimize erosion and sediment transport.
Description must include interim and permanent stabilization practices, and site-specific scheduling for
implementation of the practices. The SWMP should include practices to ensure that existing vegetation is
preserved where possible. Non-structural practices may include, but are not limited to: temporary vegetation,
permanent vegetation, mulching, geotextiles, sod stabilization, slope roughening, vegetative buffer strips,
protection of trees, and preservation of mature vegetation.
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Permit No. COR-030000
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS (cont.)
3) Phased BMP Implementation. The SWMP shall clearly describe the relationship between the phases of
construction, and the implementation and maintenance of both structural and non-structural stormwater
management controls. The SWMP must identify the stormwater management controls to be implemented
during the project phases, which can include, but are not limited to, clearing and grubbing; road construction;
utility and infrastructure installation; vertical construction; final grading; and final stabilization.
4) Materials Handling and Spill Prevention. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all practices
implemented at the site to minimize impacts from procedures or significant materials (see definitions at Part
I.E.) that could contribute pollutants to runoff. Such procedures or significant materials could include: exposed
storage of building materials; paints and solvents; fertilizers or chemicals; waste material; and equipment
maintenance or fueling procedures.
Areas or procedures where potential spills can occur must have spill prevention and response procedures
identified in the SWMP.
5) Dedicated Concrete or Asphalt Batch Plants. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all practices
implemented at the site to control stormwater pollution from dedicated concrete batch plants or dedicated
asphalt batch plants covered by this certification.
6) Vehicle Tracking Control. The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate all practices implemented at the site to
control potential sediment discharges from vehicle tracking. Practices must be implemented for all areas of
potential vehicle tracking, and can include: minimizing site access; street sweeping or scraping; tracking pads;
graveled parking areas; requiring that vehicles stay on paved areas on-site; wash racks; contractor education;
and/or sediment control BMPs, etc.
7) Waste Management and Disposal, Including Concrete Washout.
i) The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices implemented at the site to control stormwater
pollution from all construction site wastes (liquid and solid), including concrete washout activities.
ii) The practices used for concrete washout must ensure that these activities do not result in the contribution
of pollutants associated with the washing activity to stormwater runoff.
iii) Part I.D.3.c of the permit authorizes the conditional discharge of concrete washout water to the ground.
The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices to be used that will ensure that no washout
water from concrete washout activities is discharged from the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
8) Groundwater and Stormwater Dewatering.
i) The SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices implemented at the site to control stormwater
pollution from the dewatering of groundwater or stormwater from excavations, wells, etc.
ii) Part I.D.3.d of the permit authorizes the conditional discharge of construction dewatering to the ground.
For any construction dewatering of groundwater not authorized under a separate CDPS discharge permit,
the SWMP shall clearly describe and locate the practices to be used that will ensure that no groundwater
from construction dewatering is discharged from the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
4. Final Stabilization and Long-term Stormwater Management
a) The SWMP shall clearly describe the practices used to achieve final stabilization of all disturbed areas at the site,
and any planned practices to control pollutants in stormwater discharges that will occur after construction operations
have been completed at the site.
b) Final stabilization practices for obtaining a vegetative cover should include, as appropriate: seed mix selection and
application methods; soil preparation and amendments; soil stabilization practices (e.g., crimped straw, hydro mulch
or rolled erosion control products); and appropriate sediment control BMPs as needed until final stabilization is
achieved; etc.
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Permit No. COR-030000
C. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) – CONTENTS (cont.)
c) Final stabilization is reached when all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and
uniform vegetative cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-
disturbance levels, or equivalent permanent, physical erosion reduction methods have been employed.
The Division may, after consultation with the permittee and upon good cause, amend the final stabilization criteria in this
section for specific operations.
5. Inspection and Maintenance
Part I.D.6 of the permit includes requirements for site inspections. Part I.D.7 of the permit includes requirements for BMP
maintenance. The SWMP shall clearly describe the inspection and maintenance procedures implemented at the site to
maintain all erosion and sediment control practices and other protective practices identified in the SWMP, in good and
effective operating condition.
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. General Limitations
The following limitations shall apply to all discharges covered by this permit:
a) Stormwater discharges from construction activities shall not cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or
measurably contribute to an exceedance of any water quality standard, including narrative standards for water
quality.
b) Concrete washout water shall not be discharged to state surface waters or to storm sewer systems. On-site
permanent disposal of concrete washout waste is not authorized by this permit. Discharge to the ground of concrete
washout waste that will subsequently be disposed of off-site is authorized by this permit. See Part I.D.3.c of the
permit.
c) Bulk storage structures for petroleum products and any other chemicals shall have secondary containment or
equivalent adequate protection so as to contain all spills and prevent any spilled material from entering State waters.
d) No chemicals are to be added to the discharge unless permission for the use of a specific chemical is granted by the
Division. In granting the use of such chemicals, special conditions and monitoring may be addressed by separate
correspondence.
e) The Division reserves the right to require sampling and testing, on a case-by-case basis, in the event that there is
reason to suspect that compliance with the SWMP is a problem, or to measure the effectiveness of the BMPs in
removing pollutants in the effluent. Such monitoring may include Whole Effluent Toxicity testing.
f) All site wastes must be properly managed to prevent potential pollution of State waters. This permit does not
authorize on-site waste disposal.
g) All dischargers must comply with the lawful requirements of federal agencies, municipalities, counties, drainage
districts and other local agencies regarding any discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water
courses under their jurisdiction, including applicable requirements in municipal stormwater management programs
developed to comply with CDPS permits. Dischargers must comply with local stormwater management
requirements, policies or guidelines including erosion and sediment control.
2. BMP Implementation and Design Standards
Facilities must select, install, implement, and maintain appropriate BMPs, following good engineering, hydrologic and
pollution control practices. BMPs implemented at the site must be adequately designed to provide control for all potential
pollutant sources associated with construction activity to prevent pollution or degradation of State waters.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
3. Prohibition of Non-Stormwater Discharges
a) Except as provided in paragraphs b, c, and d below, all discharges covered by this permit shall be composed
entirely of stormwater associated with construction activity. Discharges of material other than stormwater must
be addressed in a separate CDPS permit issued for that discharge.
b) Discharges from the following sources that are combined with stormwater discharges associated with construction
activity may be authorized by this permit, provided that the non-stormwater component of the discharge is identified
in the SWMP (see Part I.C.1.g of this permit):
- emergency fire fighting activities - landscape irrigation return flow
- uncontaminated springs
c) Discharges to the ground of concrete washout water from washing of tools and concrete mixer chutes may be
authorized by this permit, provided that:
1) the source is identified in the SWMP;
2) BMPs are included in the SWMP in accordance with Part I.C.3(c)(7) and to prevent pollution of groundwater in
violation of Part I.D.1.a; and
3) these discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters
d) Discharges to the ground of water from construction dewatering activities may be authorized by this permit,
provided that:
1) the source is groundwater and/or groundwater combined with stormwater that does not contain pollutants in
concentrations exceeding the State groundwater standards in Regulations 5 CCR 1002-41 and 42;
2) the source is identified in the SWMP;
3) BMPs are included in the SWMP, as required by Part I.C.3(c)(8); and
4) these discharges do not leave the site as surface runoff or to surface waters.
Discharges to the ground from construction dewatering activities that do not meet the above criteria must be covered
under a separate CDPS discharge permit. Contaminated groundwater requiring coverage under a separate CDPS
discharge permit may include groundwater contaminated with pollutants from a landfill, mining activity, industrial
pollutant plume, underground storage tank, or other source.
4. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities
This permit does not relieve the permittee of the reporting requirements of 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117 or 40 CFR 302. Any
discharge of hazardous material must be handled in accordance with the Division's Noncompliance Notification
Requirements (see Part II.A.3 of the permit).
5. SWMP Requirements
a) SWMP Preparation and Implementation: The SWMP shall be prepared prior to applying for coverage under the
general permit, and certification of its completion submitted with the application. The SWMP shall be implemented
prior to commencement of construction activities. The plan shall be updated as appropriate (see paragraph c,
below), below). SWMP provisions shall be implemented until expiration or inactivation of permit coverage.
b) SWMP Retention Requirements: A copy of the SWMP must be retained on site unless another location, specified
by the permittee, is approved by the Division.
c) SWMP Review/Changes: The permittee shall amend the SWMP:
1) when there is a change in design, construction, operation, or maintenance of the site, which would require the
implementation of new or revised BMPs; or
2) if the SWMP proves to be ineffective in achieving the general objectives of controlling pollutants in stormwater
discharges associated with construction activity; or
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
3) when BMPs are no longer necessary and are removed.
SWMP changes shall be made prior to changes in the site conditions, except as allowed for in paragraph d, below.
SWMP revisions may include, but are not limited to: potential pollutant source identification; selection of
appropriate BMPs for site conditions; BMP maintenance procedures; and interim and final stabilization practices.
The SWMP changes may include a schedule for further BMP design and implementation, provided that, if any
interim BMPs are needed to comply with the permit, they are also included in the SWMP and implemented during
the interim period.
d) Responsive SWMP Changes: SWMP changes addressing BMP installation and/or implementation are often
required to be made in response to changing conditions, or when current BMPs are determined ineffective. The
majority of SWMP revisions to address these changes can be made immediately with quick in-the-field revisions to
the SWMP. In the less common scenario where more complex development of materials to modify the SWMP is
necessary, SWMP revisions shall be made in accordance with the following requirements:
1) the SWMP shall be revised as soon as practicable, but in no case more than 72 hours after the change(s) in
BMP installation and/or implementation occur at the site, and
2) a notation must be included in the SWMP prior to the site change(s) that includes the time and date of the
change(s) in the field, an identification of the BMP(s) removed or added, and the location(s) of those BMP(s).
6. Inspections
Site inspections must be conducted in accordance with the following requirements and minimum schedules. The required
minimum inspection schedules do not reduce or eliminate the permittee’s responsibility to implement and maintain BMPs
in good and effective operational condition, and in accordance with the SWMP, which could require more frequent
inspections.
a) Minimum Inspection Schedule: The permittee shall, at a minimum, make a thorough inspection, in accordance
with the requirements in I.D.6.b below, at least once every 14 calendar days. Also, post-storm event inspections
must be conducted within 24 hours after the end of any precipitation or snowmelt event that causes surface erosion.
Provided the timing is appropriate, the post-storm inspections may be used to fulfill the 14-day routine inspection
requirement. A more frequent inspection schedule than the minimum inspections described may be necessary, to
ensure that BMPs continue to operate as needed to comply with the permit. The following conditional modifications
to this Minimum Inspection Schedule are allowed:
1) Post-Storm Event Inspections at Temporarily Idle Sites – If no construction activities will occur following a
storm event, post-storm event inspections shall be conducted prior to re-commencing construction activities,
but no later than 72 hours following the storm event. The occurrence of any such delayed inspection must be
documented in the inspection record. Routine inspections still must be conducted at least every 14 calendar
days.
2) Inspections at Completed Sites/Areas – For sites or portions of sites that meet the following criteria, but final
stabilization has not been achieved due to a vegetative cover that has not become established, the permittee
shall make a thorough inspection of their stormwater management system at least once every month, and post-
storm event inspections are not required. This reduced inspection schedule is only allowed if:
i) all construction activities that will result in surface ground disturbance are completed;
ii) all activities required for final stabilization, in accordance with the SWMP, have been completed, with
the exception of the application of seed that has not occurred due to seasonal conditions or the necessity
for additional seed application to augment previous efforts; and
iii) the SWMP has been amended to indicate those areas that will be inspected in accordance with the
reduced schedule allowed for in this paragraph.
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Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
3) Winter Conditions Inspections Exclusion – Inspections are not required at sites where construction activities
are temporarily halted, snow cover exists over the entire site for an extended period, and melting conditions
posing a risk of surface erosion do not exist. This exception is applicable only during the period where melting
conditions do not exist, and applies to the routine 14-day and monthly inspections, as well as the post-storm-
event inspections. The following information must be documented in the inspection record for use of this
exclusion: dates when snow cover occurred, date when construction activities ceased, and date melting
conditions began. Inspections, as described above, are required at all other times.
When site conditions make the schedule required in this section impractical, the permittee may petition the Division
to grant an alternate inspection schedule.
b) Inspection Requirements
1) Inspection Scope - The construction site perimeter, all disturbed areas, material and/or waste storage areas that
are exposed to precipitation, discharge locations, and locations where vehicles access the site shall be inspected
for evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants leaving the construction site boundaries, entering the stormwater
drainage system, or discharging to state waters. All erosion and sediment control practices identified in the
SWMP shall be evaluated to ensure that they are maintained and operating correctly.
2) Inspection Report/Records - The permittee shall keep a record of inspections. Inspection reports must
identify any incidents of non-compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit. Inspection records must
be retained for three years from expiration or inactivation of permit coverage. At a minimum, the inspection
report must include:
i) The inspection date;
ii) Name(s) and title(s) of personnel making the inspection;
iii) Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the site;
iv) Location(s) of BMPs that need to be maintained;
v) Location(s) of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or proved inadequate for a particular location;
vi) Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that were not in place at the time of inspection;
vii) Deviations from the minimum inspection schedule as provided in Part I.D.6.a above;
vii) Description of corrective action for items iii, iv, v, and vi, above, dates corrective action(s) taken, and
measures taken to prevent future violations, including requisite changes to the SWMP, as necessary; and
viii) After adequate corrective action(s) has been taken, or where a report does not identify any incidents
requiring corrective action, the report shall contain a signed statement indicating the site is in compliance
with the permit to the best of the signer’s knowledge and belief.
c) Required Actions Following Site Inspections – Where site inspections note the need for BMP maintenance
activities, BMPs must be maintained in accordance with the SWMP and Part I.D.7 of the permit. Repair,
replacement, or installation of new BMPs determined necessary during site inspections to address ineffective or
inadequate BMPs must be conducted in accordance with Part I.D.8 of the permit. SWMP updates required as a
result of deficiencies in the SWMP noted during site inspections shall be made in accordance with Part I.D.5.c of the
permit.
7. BMP Maintenance
All erosion and sediment control practices and other protective measures identified in the SWMP must be maintained in
effective operating condition. Proper selection and installation of BMPs and implementation of comprehensive Inspection
and Maintenance procedures, in accordance with the SWMP, should be adequate to meet this condition. BMPs that are not
adequately maintained in accordance with good engineering, hydrologic and pollution control practices, including removal
of collected sediment outside the acceptable tolerances of the BMPs, are considered to be no longer operating effectively
and must be addressed in accordance with Part I.D.8, below. A specific timeline for implementing maintenance
procedures is not included in this permit because BMP maintenance is expected to be proactive, not responsive.
Observations resulting in BMP maintenance activities can be made during a site inspection, or during general observations
of site conditions.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
D. TERMS AND CONDITIONS (cont.)
8. Replacement and Failed BMPs
Adequate site assessment must be performed as part of comprehensive Inspection and Maintenance procedures, to assess
the adequacy of BMPs at the site, and the necessity of changes to those BMPs to ensure continued effective performance.
Where site assessment results in the determination that new or replacement BMPs are necessary, the BMPs must be
installed to ensure on-going implementation of BMPs as per Part I.D.2.
Where BMPs have failed, resulting in noncompliance with Part I.D.2, they must be addressed as soon as possible,
immediately in most cases, to minimize the discharge of pollutants.
When new BMPs are installed or BMPs are replaced, the SWMP must be updated in accordance with Part I.D.5(c).
9. Reporting
No scheduled reporting requirements are included in this permit; however, the Division reserves the right to request that a
copy of the inspection reports be submitted.
10. SWMP Availability
A copy of the SWMP shall be provided upon request to the Division, EPA, or any local agency in charge of approving
sediment and erosion plans, grading plans or stormwater management plans, and within the time frame specified in the
request. If the SWMP is required to be submitted to any of these entities, it must include a signed certification in
accordance with Part I.F.1 of the permit, certifying that the SWMP is complete and meets all permit requirements.
All SWMPs required under this permit are considered reports that shall be available to the public under Section 308(b) of
the CWA and Section 61.5(4) of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations. The permittee shall make plans
available to members of the public upon request. However, the permittee may claim any portion of a SWMP as
confidential in accordance with 40 CFR Part 2.
11. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
If a TMDL has been approved for any waterbody into which the permittee discharges, and stormwater discharges
associated with construction activity have been assigned a pollutant-specific Wasteload Allocation (WLA) under the
TMDL, the Division will either:
a) Ensure that the WLA is being implemented properly through alternative local requirements, such as by a municipal
stormwater permit; or
b) Notify the permittee of the WLA, and amend the permittee’s certification to add specific BMPs and/or other
requirements, as appropriate. The permittee may be required to do the following:
1) Under the permittee’s SWMP, implement specific management practices based on requirements of the WLA,
and evaluate whether the requirements are being met through implementation of existing stormwater BMPs or
if additional BMPs are necessary. Document the calculations or other evidence that show that the requirements
are expected to be met; and
2) If the evaluation shows that additional or modified BMPs are necessary, describe the type and schedule for the
BMP additions/revisions.
Discharge monitoring may also be required. The permittee may maintain coverage under the general permit provided they
comply with the applicable requirements outlined above. The Division reserves the right to require individual or alternate
general permit coverage.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
E. ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this permit:
1. Best Management Practices (BMPs): schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and
other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the State. BMPs also include treatment
requirements, operating procedures, pollution prevention, and practices to control site runoff, spillage or leaks, waste
disposal, or drainage from material storage.
2. Dedicated asphalt plants and concrete plants: portable asphalt plants and concrete plants that are located on or adjacent
to a construction site and that provide materials only to that specific construction site.
3. Final stabilization: when all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and uniform vegetative
cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels, or equivalent
permanent, physical erosion reduction methods have been employed. For purposes of this permit, establishment of a
vegetative cover capable of providing erosion control equivalent to pre-existing conditions at the site will be considered
final stabilization.
4. Municipal separate storm sewer system: a conveyance or system of conveyances (including: roads with drainage
systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains), owned or operated
by a State, city, town, county, district, or other public body (created by state law), having jurisdiction over disposal of
sewage, industrial waste, stormwater, or other wastes; designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater.
5. Operator: the entity that has day-to-day supervision and control of activities occurring at the construction site. This can
be the owner, the developer, the general contractor or the agent of one of these parties, in some circumstances. It is
anticipated that at different phases of a construction project, different types of parties may satisfy the definition of
'operator' and that the permit may be transferred as the roles change.
6. Outfall: a point source at the point where stormwater leaves the construction site and discharges to a receiving water or a
stormwater collection system.
7. Part of a larger common plan of development or sale: a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct
construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules.
8. Point source: any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance from which pollutants are or may be discharged. Point
source discharges of stormwater result from structures which increase the imperviousness of the ground which acts to
collect runoff, with runoff being conveyed along the resulting drainage or grading pattern.
9. Pollutant: dredged spoil, dirt, slurry, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, sewage sludge, garbage, trash, chemical
waste, biological nutrient, biological material, radioactive material, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, or
any industrial, municipal or agricultural waste.
10. Process water: any water which, during manufacturing or processing, comes into contact with or results from the
production of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by product or waste product. This definition
includes mine drainage.
11. Receiving Water: any classified stream segment (including tributaries) in the State of Colorado into which stormwater
related to construction activities discharges. This definition includes all water courses, even if they are usually dry, such as
borrow ditches, arroyos, and other unnamed waterways.
12. Significant Materials include, but are not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and
plastic pellets; finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or production; hazardous
substances designated under section 101(14) of CERCLA; any chemical the facility is required to report pursuant to
section 313 of title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that have the
potential to be released with stormwater discharge.
13. Stormwater: precipitation-induced surface runoff.
PART I
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Permit No. COR-030000
F. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Signatory Requirements
a) All reports required for submittal shall be signed and certified for accuracy by the permittee in accordance with the
following criteria:
1) In the case of corporations, by a principal executive officer of at least the level of vice-president or his or her
duly authorized representative, if such representative is responsible for the overall operation of the facility from
which the discharge described in the form originates;
2) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner;
3) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor;
4) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer, ranking elected
official, or other duly authorized employee, if such representative is responsible for the overall operation of the
facility from which the discharge described in the form originates.
b) Changes to authorization. If an authorization under paragraph a) of this section is no longer accurate because a
different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a new authorization
satisfying the requirements of paragraph a) of this section must be submitted to the Division, prior to or together
with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative.
c) Certification. Any person signing a document under paragraph a) of this section shall make the following
certification:
“I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or
those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.”
2. Retention of Records
a) The permittee shall retain copies of the SWMP and all reports required by this permit and records of all data used to
complete the application to be covered by this permit, for three years after expiration or inactivation of permit
coverage.
b) The permittee shall retain a copy of the SWMP required by this permit at the construction site from the date of
project initiation to the date of expiration or inactivation of permit coverage, unless another location, specified by
the permittee, is approved by the Division.
3. Monitoring
The Division reserves the right to require sampling and testing, on a case-by-case basis (see Part I.D.1.e), for example to
implement the provisions of a TMDL (see Part I.D.11 of the permit). Reporting procedures for any monitoring data
collected will be included in the notification by the Division of monitoring requirements.
If monitoring is required, the following definitions apply:
a) The thirty (30) day average shall be determined by the arithmetic mean of all samples collected during a thirty (30)
consecutive-day period.
b) A grab sample, for monitoring requirements, is a single “dip and take” sample.
PART II
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS
1. Amending a Permit Certification
The permittee shall inform the Division (Permits Section) in writing of changes to the information provided in the permit
application, including the legal contact, the project legal description or map originally submitted with the application, or
the planned total disturbed acreage. The permittee shall furnish the Division with any plans and specifications which the
Division deems reasonably necessary to evaluate the effect on the discharge and receiving stream. If applicable, this
notification may be accomplished through submittal of an application for a CDPS process water permit authorizing the
discharge. The SWMP shall be updated and implemented prior to the changes (see Part I.D.5.c).
Any discharge to the waters of the State from a point source other than specifically authorized by this permit or a different
CDPS permit is prohibited.
2. Special Notifications - Definitions
a) Spill: An unintentional release of solid or liquid material which may cause pollution of state waters.
b) Upset: An exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with permit discharge
limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate
treatment facilities, lack of preventative maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
3. Noncompliance Notification
a) The permittee shall report the following instances of noncompliance:
1) Any noncompliance which may endanger health or the environment;
2) Any spill or discharge of hazardous substances or oil which may cause pollution of the waters of the state.
3) Any discharge of stormwater which may cause an exceedance of a water quality standard.
b) For all instances of noncompliance based on environmental hazards and chemical spills and releases, all needed
information must be provided orally to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment spill reporting
line (24-hour number for environmental hazards and chemical spills and releases: 1-877-518-5608) within 24 hours
from the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances.
For all other instances of noncompliance as defined in this section, all needed information must be provided orally to
the Water Quality Control Division within 24 hours from the time the permittee becomes aware of the
circumstances.
For all instances of noncompliance identified here, a written submission shall also be provided within 5 calendar
days of the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a
description of:
1) The noncompliance and its cause;
2) The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been
corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue;
3) Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (cont.)
4. Submission of Incorrect or Incomplete Information
Where the permittee failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a
permit application or report to the Division, or relevant new information becomes available, the permittee shall promptly
submit the relevant application information which was not submitted or any additional information needed to correct any
erroneous information previously submitted.
5. Bypass
a) A bypass, which causes effluent limitations (i.e., requirements to implement BMPs in accordance with Parts I.B.3
and I.D.2 of the permit) to be exceeded is prohibited, and the Division may take enforcement action against a
permittee for such a bypass, unless:
1) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage;
2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities (e.g.,
alternative BMPs), retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment
downtime. This condition is not satisfied if the permittee could have installed adequate backup equipment (e.g.,
implemented additional BMPs) to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment
downtime or preventative maintenance; and
3) The permittee submitted notices as required in "Non-Compliance Notification," Part II.A.3.
6. Upsets
a) Effect of an Upset: An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with permit
limitations and requirements if the requirements of paragraph b of this section are met. (No determination made
during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for
noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review.)
b) Conditions Necessary for a Demonstration of Upset: A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense
of upset shall demonstrate through properly signed contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that:
1) An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the specific cause(s) of the upset;
2) The permitted facility was at the time being properly operated;
3) The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part II.A.3. of this permit (24-hour notice); and
4) The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under 40 CFR Section 122.41(d) of the federal
regulations or Section 61.8(3)(h) of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations.
c) Burden of Proof: In any enforcement proceeding the permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has
the burden of proof.
7. Removed Substances
Solids, sludges, or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or control of discharges shall be properly disposed
of in a manner such as to prevent any pollutant from such materials from entering waters of the State.
8. Minimization of Adverse Impact
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize any adverse impact to waters of the State resulting from
noncompliance with any terms and conditions specified in this permit, including such accelerated or additional monitoring
as necessary to determine the nature and impact of the noncomplying discharge.
A. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS (cont.)
9. Reduction, Loss, or Failure of Stormwater Controls
The permittee has the duty to halt or reduce any activity if necessary to maintain compliance with the permit requirements.
Upon reduction, loss, or failure of any stormwater controls, the permittee shall, to the extent necessary to maintain
compliance with its permit, control production, or remove all pollutant sources from exposure to stormwater, or both, until
the stormwater controls are restored or an alternative method of treatment/control is provided.
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would be necessary to halt or reduce the permitted
activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
10. Proper Operation and Maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and
related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of this
permit. Proper operation and maintenance includes effective performance, adequate funding, adequate operator staffing
and training, and adequate laboratory and process controls, including appropriate quality assurance procedures. This
provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems only when necessary to achieve
compliance with the conditions of the permit.
B. RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Inspections and Right to Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director of the State Water Quality Control Division, the EPA Regional Administrator,
and/or their authorized representative(s), upon the presentation of credentials:
a) To enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or in which any records are
required to be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit;
b) At reasonable times to have access to and copy any records required to be kept under the terms and conditions of
this permit and to inspect any monitoring equipment or monitoring method required in the permit; and
c) To enter upon the permittee's premises to investigate, within reason, any actual, suspected, or potential source of
water pollution, or any violation of the Colorado Water Quality Control Act. The investigation may include, but is
not limited to, the following: sampling of any discharge and/or process waters, the taking of photographs,
interviewing permittee staff on alleged violations and other matters related to the permit, and access to any and all
facilities or areas within the permittee's premises that may have any effect on the discharge, permit, or any alleged
violation.
2. Duty to Provide Information
The permittee shall furnish to the Division, within the time frame specified by the Division, any information which the
Division may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or inactivating coverage
under this permit, or to determine compliance with this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the Division, upon
request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.
3. Transfer of Ownership or Control
Certification under this permit may be transferred to a new permittee if:
a) The current permittee notifies the Division in writing when the transfer is desired as outlined in Part I.A.7; and
b) The notice includes a written agreement between the existing and new permittees containing a specific date for
transfer of permit responsibility, coverage and liability between them; and
c) The current permittee has met all fee requirements of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations, Section
61.15.
B. RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)
4. Modification, Suspension, or Revocation of Permit By Division
All permit modification, inactivation or revocation and reissuance actions shall be subject to the requirements of the
Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations, Sections 61.5(2), 61.5(3), 61.7 and 61.15, 5 C.C.R. 1002-61, except for
minor modifications.
a) This permit, and/or certification under this permit, may be modified, suspended, or revoked in whole or in part
during its term for reasons determined by the Division including, but not limited to, the following:
1) Violation of any terms or conditions of the permit;
2) Obtaining a permit by misrepresentation or failing to disclose any fact which is material to the granting or
denial of a permit or to the establishment of terms or conditions of the permit;
3) Materially false or inaccurate statements or information in the application for the permit;
4) Promulgation of toxic effluent standards or prohibitions (including any schedule of compliance specified in
such effluent standard or prohibition) which are established under Section 307 of the Clean Water Act, where
such a toxic pollutant is present in the discharge and such standard or prohibition is more stringent than any
limitation for such pollutant in this permit.
b) This permit, and/or certification under this permit, may be modified in whole or in part due to a change in any
condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the permitted discharge, such as:
1) Promulgation of Water Quality Standards applicable to waters affected by the permitted discharge; or
2) Effluent limitations or other requirements applicable pursuant to the State Act or federal requirements; or
3) Control regulations promulgated; or
4) Other available information indicates a potential for violation of adopted Water Quality Standards or stream
classifications.
c) This permit, or certification under this permit, may be modified in whole or in part to include new effluent
limitations and other appropriate permit conditions where data submitted pursuant to Part I indicate that such
effluent limitations and permit conditions are necessary to ensure compliance with applicable water quality
standards and protection of classified uses.
d) At the request of the permittee, the Division may modify or inactivate certification under this permit if the following
conditions are met:
1) In the case of inactivation, the permittee notifies the Division of its intent to inactivate the certification, and
certifies that the site has been finally stabilized;
2) In the case of inactivation, the permittee has ceased any and all discharges to state waters and demonstrates to
the Division there is no probability of further uncontrolled discharge(s) which may affect waters of the State.
3) The Division finds that the permittee has shown reasonable grounds consistent with the Federal and State
statutes and regulations for such modification, amendment or inactivation;
4) Fee requirements of Section 61.15 of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations have been met; and
5) Applicable requirements of public notice have been met.
For small construction sites covered by a Qualifying Local Program, coverage under this permit is automatically
terminated when a site has been finally stabilized.
B. RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)
5. Permit Violations
Failure to comply with any terms and/or conditions of this permit shall be a violation of this permit.
Dischargers of stormwater associated with industrial activity, as defined in the EPA Stormwater Regulation (40 CFR
122.26(b)(14) and Section 61.3(2) of the Colorado Discharge Permit System Regulations, which do not obtain coverage
under this or other Colorado general permits, or under an individual CDPS permit regulating industrial stormwater, will be
in violation of the federal Clean Water Act and the Colorado Water Quality Control Act, 25-8-101, as amended. Failure to
comply with CDPS permit requirements will also constitute a violation.
6. Legal Responsibilities
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property or water rights in either real or personal property, or stream
flows, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal rights,
nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations.
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to any applicable State law or regulation under authority
granted by Section 510 of the Clean Water Act.
7. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable. If any provisions of this permit, or the application of any provision of this
permit to any circumstance, are held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances and the application of
the remainder of this permit shall not be affected.
8. Renewal Application
If the permittee desires to continue to discharge, a permit renewal application shall be submitted at least ninety (90) days
before this permit expires. If the permittee anticipates that there will be no discharge after the expiration date of this
permit, the Division should be promptly notified so that it can inactivate the certification in accordance with Part II.B.4.d.
9. Confidentiality
Except for data determined to be confidential under Section 308 of the Federal Clean Water Act and Colorado Discharge
Permit System Regulations, Section 61.5(4), all reports prepared in accordance with the terms of this permit shall be
available for public inspection at the offices of the Division. The permittee must state what is confidential at the time of
submittal.
Any information relating to any secret process, method of manufacture or production, or sales or marketing data which has
been declared confidential by the permittee, and which may be acquired, ascertained, or discovered, whether in any
sampling investigation, emergency investigation, or otherwise, shall not be publicly disclosed by any member, officer, or
employee of the Commission or the Division, but shall be kept confidential. Any person seeking to invoke the protection
of this section shall bear the burden of proving its applicability. This section shall never be interpreted as preventing full
disclosure of effluent data.
10. Fees
The permittee is required to submit payment of an annual fee as set forth in the Water Quality Control Act. Failure to
submit the required fee when due and payable is a violation of the permit and will result in enforcement action pursuant to
Section 25-8-60l et. seq., C.R.S. l973 as amended.
B. RESPONSIBILITIES (cont.)
11. Requiring an Individual CDPS Permit
The Director may require the permittee to apply for and obtain an individual or alternate general CDPS permit if:
a) The discharger is not in compliance with the conditions of this general permit;
b) Conditions or standards have changed so that the discharge no longer qualifies for a general permit; or
c) Data/information become available which indicate water quality standards may be violated.
The permittee must be notified in writing that an application for an individual or alternate general CDPS permit is required.
When an individual or alternate general CDPS permit is issued to an operator otherwise covered under this general permit,
the applicability of this general permit to that operator is automatically inactivated upon the effective date of the individual
or alternate general CDPS permit.
Water Quality Control Division
WQCD-P-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, Colorado 80246-1530
RATIONALE
STORMWATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
GENERAL PERMIT IN COLORADO
THIRD RENEWAL
COLORADO DISCHARGE PERMIT NUMBER COR-030000
CONTENTS PAGE
I. Introduction 1
II. Changes in this General Permit 1
III. Background 8
IV. Stormwater Discharges Associated with
Construction Activity 9
V. Coverage Under this Permit 10
VI. Application and Certification 10
VII. Qualifying Local Programs 11
VIII. Terms and Conditions of Permit 11
IX. Public Notice – 12/22/06 15
X. Public Notice – 3/23/07 15
I. INTRODUCTION
This permit is for the regulation of stormwater runoff from construction activities, and specific allowable non-
stormwater discharges in accordance with Part I.D.3 of the permit. The term "construction activity" includes
ground surface disturbing activities, including, but not limited to, clearing, grading, excavation, demolition,
installation of new or improved haul and access roads, staging areas, stockpiling of fill materials, and borrow
areas. "Stormwater" is precipitation-induced surface runoff. This rationale will explain the background of the
Stormwater program, activities which are covered under this permit, how to apply for coverage under this permit,
and the requirements of this permit.
The forms discussed in the rationale and permit are available on the Water Quality Control Division’s website
at: www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT
Several notable changes from the previous General Permit for Construction Activities have been incorporated into
this permit. Significant changes are listed below. Numerous other minor changes were made for clarification
purposes only.
A. Authority to Discharge
This section has been restructured to list all of the types of activities covered by this permit, and to be
consistent with the definition of ”construction activity." The definition of construction activity has been
expanded to provide clarification. See Part I.A.1 of the permit.
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT (cont.)
B. Authority to Discharge – Oil and Gas Construction
This section has been added, to take into account a regulatory change. The federal Energy Policy Act of
2005 exempts nearly all oil and gas construction activities from federal requirements under the Clean Water
Act’s NPDES stormwater discharge permit program. In January 2006, the Colorado Water Quality Control
Commission held a hearing to determine what effects, if any, the change in federal law would have upon
Colorado’s stormwater regulations. The Commission determined that oil and gas construction sites in
Colorado that disturb one or more acres are still required to be covered under Colorado’s stormwater
permitting regulations (Colorado Discharge Permit System (CDPS) regulations (5CCR 1002-61)). In
practice, oil and gas construction sites have the same requirements under this permit as do other types of
construction. However, this permit contains some references to the federal Clean Water Act; generally these
references are not applicable to oil and gas construction sites to the extent that the references are limited by
the federal Energy Policy Act of 2005. See Part I.A.1(b) of the permit.
C. Application Requirements
The permit application requirements have changed slightly, including the addition of an email address, if
available. See Part I.A.4(b).
The applicant must be either the owner and/or operator of the construction site. An operator at a
construction site that is not covered by a certification held by an appropriate entity may be held liable for
operating without the necessary permit coverage.
D. Temporary Coverage
Part I.A.5(d) of the previous permit (effective July 1, 2002) dealt with temporarily covering a facility under
the general permit even if an individual permit is more appropriate. This permit section essentially
duplicated the previous section (see Part I.A.5(c)), and so it has been deleted.
E. Reassignment of Permit Coverage
Procedures have been added to clarify the requirements for the transfer of coverage of specific portions of a
permitted site to a second party. See Section VIII.I.3 of the rationale and Part I.A.8 of the permit.
F. Individual Permit Criteria
This section has been modified to include situations involving a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). See
Part I.A.11 of the permit.
G. Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP)
The Stormwater Management Plan section has been divided into two parts: Stormwater Management Plan
(SWMP) – General Requirements, which provides the basic framework and general requirements for the
SWMP, and Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) – Contents, which specifically identifies each item that
must be addressed in the SWMP. See Parts I.B and I.C of the permit.
H. Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) – General Requirements
The SWMP General Requirements section has been modified to require that the SWMP be updated in
accordance with Parts I.D.5(c) and I.D.5(d) of the permit (SWMP Review/Changes). This additional
requirement ensures that the SWMP provisions reflect current site conditions. See Part I.B.2(c) of the
permit.
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT (cont.)
I. Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) – Contents
The SWMP Contents section has been modified. Some of the changes are limited to organization of
information, which does not require modification of an existing permittee’s current SWMP. Most of the
SWMP changes involve either clarifications, reformatting, or taking recommendations from the Division’s
SWMP guide and making them permit requirements (e.g., vehicle tracking controls, BMP installation
specifications). If an existing permittee (i.e., those with permit coverage before June 30, 2007) followed the
recommendations in the SWMP guide (Appendix A of the permit application), then their SWMP will
presumably meet the new requirements. However, for any existing permittees who did not follow the
applicable SWMP guide recommendations, their SMWP must be amended to include the new required items:
-SWMP Administrator
-Identification of potential pollutant sources
-Best Management Practices descriptions and installation specifications, including dedicated concrete or
asphalt batch plants; vehicle tracking control; and waste management and disposal (including concrete
washout activities).
For existing permittees, any SWMP changes based on the change in permit requirements must be completed
by October 1, 2007. The plan is not to be submitted to the Division unless requested, but must be available
on site as outlined in Part I.D.5(b) of the permit.
The BMP requirement clarifications included in this renewed permit in no way imply that adequate BMPs to
address all pollutant sources at a permitted site were not required in previous permits. The revised
requirements are intended only to better clarify SWMP content requirements and provide improved direction
to permittees.
The SWMP changes are listed below. All new applicants (after June 30, 2007) for permit coverage for their
sites must fully comply with the new SWMP organization, plan requirements, and implementation.
1. Site Description: The requirement to provide an estimate of the run-off coefficient has been removed.
The run-off coefficient as currently utilized in the SWMP may not contribute sufficiently to permit
compliance to justify the effort in determining accurate values. See Part I.C.1 of the permit. However,
the Division still encourages use of the coefficient as needed to adequately evaluate site-specific BMP
selection and design criteria (e.g., pond capacities, BMP location, etc.) See Section C.2 of the SWMP
guidance (Appendix A of the permit application).
2. Site Map: The requirement to identify boundaries of the 100-year flood plain has been removed. The
boundaries as currently utilized in the SWMP may not contribute sufficiently to permit compliance to
justify the effort in determining their location. See Part I.C.2 of the permit.
3. Stormwater Management Controls: This section has been modified to require identification of a
SWMP Administrator and all potential pollutants sources in the SWMP. See Part I.C.3 of the permit.
a) The SWMP Administrator is a specific individual(s), position or title who is responsible for the
process of developing, implementing, maintaining, and revising the SWMP. This individual
serves as the comprehensive point of contact for all aspects of the facility’s SWMP. This
requirement may necessitate changes to existing permittees’ SWMPs.
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT (cont.)
b) The requirement to identify Potential Pollutant Sources has been expanded to include more
details for the evaluation of such sources. This evaluation allows for the appropriate selection
of BMPs for implementation at a facility or site. Additionally, this section was added to be
consistent with the SWMP guide. This requirement may necessitate changes to existing
permittees’ SWMPs.
c) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Stormwater Pollution Prevention: This section was
modified to require the following items to be addressed in the SWMP. These requirements
may necessitate changes to existing permittees’ SWMPs. This section also requires that the
SWMP provide installation and implementation specifications for each BMP identified in the
SWMP. For structural BMPs, in most cases, this must include a technical drawing to provide
adequate installation specifications. See Part I.C.3(c).
i) Dedicated concrete or asphalt batch plants. This section requires that the practices used to
reduce the pollutants in stormwater discharges associated with dedicated concrete or
asphalt batch plants be identified in the SWMP. (Coverage under the construction site
SWMP and permit is not required for batch plants if they have alternate CDPS permit
coverage.)
ii) Vehicle tracking control. This section requires that practices be implemented to control
sediment from vehicle tracking, and that all such practices implemented at the site be
clearly described in the SWMP.
iii) Waste management and disposal. This section requires that the practices implemented at
the site to control stormwater pollution from construction site waste, including concrete
washout activities, be clearly described in the SWMP. It also requires that concrete
washout activities be conducted in a manner that does not contribute pollutants to surface
waters or stormwater runoff.
iv) Concrete Washout Water. Part I.D.3(c) of the permit has been revised to conditionally
authorize discharges to the ground of concrete wash water from washing of tools and
concrete mixer chutes when appropriate BMPs are implemented. The permit prohibits the
discharge of concrete washout water to surface waters and to storm sewer systems. Part
I.C.3(c)(7) of the permit requires that BMPs be in place to prevent surface discharges of
concrete washout water from the site.
The use of unlined pits to contain concrete washout water is a common practice in
Colorado. The Division has further evaluated the need for a permit for discharge of
concrete washout water to the ground. The Division has determined that the use of
appropriate BMPs for on-site washing of tools and concrete mixer chutes would prevent
any significant discharge to groundwater. BMPs to protect groundwater are required by
Part I.C.3(c)(7) of the permit. Because pH is a pollutant of concern for washout activities,
the soil must have adequate buffering capacity to result in protection of the groundwater
standard, or a liner/containment must be used. The following management practices are
recommended to prevent an impact from unlined pits to groundwater:
(1) the use of the washout site should be temporary (less than 1 year), and
(2) the washout site should be not be located in an area where shallow groundwater may
be present, such as near natural drainages, springs, or wetlands.
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT (cont.)
Where adequate management practices are not followed to protect groundwater quality,
the Department may require discharges to unlined pits to cease, or require the entity to
obtain alternate regulatory approval through notice from either the Water Quality Control
Division or the Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division.
In addition, Part I.D.1(b) of the permit has been revised to clearly state that the permit
does not authorize on-site permanent disposal of concrete washout waste, only temporary
containment of concrete washout water from washing of tools and concrete mixer chutes.
Upon termination of use of the washout site, accumulated solid waste, including concrete
waste and any contaminated soils, must be removed from the site to prevent on-site
disposal of solid waste.
v) Construction Dewatering. Part I.D.3(d) of the permit has been revised to conditionally
authorize discharges to the ground of water from construction dewatering activities when
appropriate BMPs are implemented. The permit does not authorize the discharge of
groundwater from construction dewatering to surface waters or to storm sewer systems.
Part I.C.3(c)(8) of the permit requires that BMPs be in place to prevent surface discharges.
The permittee may apply for coverage under a separate CDPS discharge permit, such as
the Construction Dewatering general permit, if there is a potential for discharges to
surface waters.
The Division has determined that potential pollutant sources introduced into groundwater
from construction dewatering operations do not have a reasonable potential to result in
exceedance of groundwater standards when the discharge is to the ground. The primary
pollutant of concern in uncontaminated groundwater is sediment. Although technology-
based standards for sediment do exist in 5 CCR 1002-41, the discharge of sediment to the
ground as part of construction dewatering does not have the reasonable potential to result
in transport of sediment to the groundwater table so as to result in an exceedance of those
standards.
For a discharge of water contaminated with other pollutants that are present in
concentrations that may cause an exceedance of groundwater standards, separate CDPS
discharge permit coverage is required. Contaminated groundwater may include that
contaminated with pollutants from a landfill, mining activity, industrial pollutant plume,
underground storage tank, or other source of human-induced groundwater pollution and
exceeding the State groundwater standards in Regulations 5 CCR 1002-41 and 42.
J. Terms and Conditions, General Limitations and Design Standards
This section reiterates the requirement that facilities select, install, implement, and maintain appropriate
BMPs, following good engineering, hydrologic and pollution control practices. In addition, requirements
for protection of water quality standards (see Part I.D.1.(a) of the permit) and requirements to adequately
design BMPs to prevent pollution or degradation of State waters (see Part I.D.2 of the permit) have been
revised and are fully discussed in Part III.B of the rationale, below. Additional language was also added to
Section III.B of the rationale further clarifying the expectations for compliance with this permit.
1. Management of Site Waste
This section has been modified to clarify that on-site waste must be properly managed to prevent
potential pollution of State waters, and that this permit does not authorize on-site waste disposal.
Solid waste disposal is regulated by the Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division.
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT (cont.)
K. Terms and Conditions, SWMP Requirements
1. SWMP Review/Changes: This section now requires that when changes are made to site conditions,
the SWMP must be revised immediately, except for some BMP description changes which
conditionally may occur within 72 hours. This requirement is included to both ensure that the SWMP
be kept accurate and up-to-date, and to clarify that stormwater management at a site typically should
be proactive instead of responsive, and be integrated into site management to ensure it is calibrated
with those changes. The section was also clarified to state that only changes in site conditions that do
not require new or modified BMPs do not need to be addressed in the SWMP. See Part I.D.5(c) of the
permit.
2. SWMP Certification: The previous permit was unclear on a requirement that the copy of SWMP that
remains at the facility had to be signed in accordance with permit signatory requirements. This
requirement has been deleted. The signatory requirement of Part I.F.1 only applies to the SWMP if it
is to be submitted to the Division or to EPA. See Part I.F.1 of the permit.
L. Terms and Conditions, Post-Storm Inspections
The previous permit required post-storm inspections, but did not specify the timing of inspections. This
section now requires that post-storm event inspections generally be conducted within 24 hours of the event.
An alternative timeline has been allowed, only for sites where there are no construction activities occurring
following a storm event. For this condition, post-storm event inspections shall instead be conducted prior to
commencing construction activities, but no later than 72 hours following the storm event, and the delay
noted in the inspection report.
Any exception from the minimum inspection schedule is temporary, and does not eliminate the requirement
to perform routine maintenance due to the effects of a storm event, including maintaining vehicle tracking
controls and removing sediment from impervious areas. In many cases, maintenance needs will require a
more frequent inspection schedule than the minimum inspections required in the permit, to ensure that BMPs
continue to operate as needed to comply with the permit. See Part I.D.6(a) of the permit.
M. Terms and Conditions, Inspections
1. The Winter Conditions Inspection Exclusion section has been modified to include documentation
requirements for this exclusion. See Part I.D.6(a) of the permit. The Inspection Scope has been
modified to include the requirement to inspect waste storage areas during inspections conducted in
accordance with the permit. See Part I.D.6(b) of the permit.
2. The requirements for sites to qualify for reduced inspection frequencies for completed sites have been
slightly modified (see Part I.D.6(a)(2) of the permit,). The requirement now is that only construction
activities that disturb the ground surface must be completed. Construction activities that can be
conducted without disturbance of the ground surface; for example, interior building construction, and
some oil well activities, would not prohibit a site from otherwise qualifying for the reduced inspection
frequency. In addition, the requirement for the site to be prepared for final stabilization has been
slightly modified to allow for sites that have not yet been seeded to qualify, as long as the site has
otherwise been prepared for final stabilization, including completion of appropriate soil preparation,
amendments and stabilization practice. This will allow for sites with seasonal seeding limitations or
where additional seed application may be needed in the future to still qualify.
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
II. CHANGES IN THIS GENERAL PERMIT (cont.)
3. The Inspection Report/Records section (Part I.D.6(b)(2)) was added to clarify requirements for
inspection reports generated during an inspection conducted in accordance with Part I.D.6 of the
permit. Inspection reports must be signed by the inspector, or the individual verifying the corrective
action indicated in the inspection report, on behalf of the permittee. Inspection reports are not
typically required to be submitted to the Division, and therefore, are not required to be signed and
certified for accuracy in accordance with Part I.F.1 of the permit. However, any inspection reports
that are submitted to the Division must follow the signatory requirements contained in that section.
N. Terms and Conditions, Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement of Control Practices
These sections have been added to clarify requirements for maintaining the BMPs identified in the SWMP
and for addressing ineffective or failed BMPs. BMP maintenance and site assessment to determine the
overall adequacy of stormwater quality management at the site must occur proactively, in order to ensure
adequate control of pollutant sources at the site. In most cases, if BMPs are already not operating
effectively, or have failed, the issue must be addressed immediately, to prevent discharge of pollutants. See
Parts I.D.7 and I.D.8 of the permit.
O. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
A section on TMDLs has been added. This section gives a general outline of the additional requirements
that may be imposed by the Division if the facility discharges to a waterbody for which a stormwater-related
TMDL is in place. See Section VIII.C of the rationale and Part I.D.11 of the permit.
P. Additional Definitions
Part I.E of the permit has been modified to remove the definition of runoff coefficient, as it is no longer a
permit requirement. The definition for state waters has also been deleted, but can be found in Regulation 61.
Q. Changes in Discharge
The section on the types of discharge or facility changes that necessitate Division notification has been
clarified. See Part II.A.1 of the permit.
R. Non-Compliance Notification
The section on notification to the Division regarding instances of non-compliance has been amended to
clarify which types of noncompliance require notification. See Part II.A.3 of the permit.
S. Short Term Certifications
The previous permit allowed small short-term construction activities to be authorized for a predetermined
period from 3 to 12 months, and then automatically expire (an inactivation request did not need to be
submitted). The issuance of these certifications has led to significant confusion and incidents of
noncompliance resulting from permittees unintentionally letting their certifications expire prior to final
stabilization, as well as issues regarding billing. Therefore, the provisions for short-term certifications have
been deleted.
T. Bypass
The Division has revised the Bypass conditions in Part II.A.5 of the permit to be consistent with the
requirements of Regulation 61.8(3)(i). The revised language addresses under what rare occurrences BMPs
may be bypassed at a site.
PART II
Permit - Page 30
Permit No. COR-030000
III. BACKGROUND
As required under the Clean Water Act amendments of 1987, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
established a framework for regulating municipal and industrial stormwater discharges. This framework is under
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program (Note: The Colorado program is
referred to as the Colorado Discharge Permit System, or CDPS, instead of NPDES.) The Water Quality Control
Division ("the Division") has stormwater regulations (5CCR 1002-61) in place. These regulations require specific
types of industrial facilities that discharge stormwater associated with industrial activity (industrial stormwater),
to obtain a CDPS permit for such discharge. The regulations specifically include construction activities that
disturb one acre of land or more as industrial facilities. Construction activities that are part of a larger common
plan of development which disturb one acre or more over a period of time are also included.
A. General Permits
The Division has determined that the use of general permits is the appropriate procedure for handling most
of the thousands of industrial stormwater applications within the State.
B. Permit Requirements
This permit does not impose numeric effluent limits or require submission of effluent monitoring data in the
permit application or in the permit itself. The permit instead imposes practice-based effluent limitations for
stormwater discharges through the requirement to develop and implement a Stormwater Management Plan
(SWMP). The narrative permit requirements include prohibitions against discharges of non-stormwater
(e.g., process water). See Part I.D.3 of the permit.
The permit conditions for the SWMP include the requirement for dischargers to select, implement and
maintain Best Management Practices (BMPs) at a permitted construction site that adequately minimize
pollutants in the discharges to assure compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit. Part I.D.2 of
the permit includes basic design standards for BMPs implemented at the site. Facilities must select, install,
implement, and maintain appropriate BMPs, following good engineering, hydrologic and pollution control
practices. BMPs implemented at the site must be adequately designed to control all potential pollutant
sources associated with construction activity to prevent pollution or degradation of State waters. Pollution
is defined in CDPS regulations (5CCR 1002-61) as man-made or man-induced, or natural alteration of the
physical, chemical, biological, and radiological integrity of water. Utilizing industry-accepted standards for
BMP selection that are appropriate for the conditions and pollutant sources present will typically be
adequate to meet these criteria, since construction BMPs are intended to prevent the discharge of all but
minimal amounts of sediment or other pollutants that would not result in actual pollution of State waters, as
defined above. However, site-specific design, including ongoing assessment of BMPs and pollutant sources,
is necessary to ensure that BMPs operate as intended.
The permit further requires that stormwater discharges from construction activities shall not cause, have the
reasonable potential to cause, or measurably contribute to an excursion above any water quality standard,
including narrative standards for water quality. This condition is the basis for all CDPS Discharge permits,
and addresses the need to ensure that waters of the State maintain adequate water quality, in accordance
with water quality standards, to continue to meet their designated uses. It is believed that, in most cases,
BMPs can be adequate to meet applicable water quality standards. If water quality impacts are noted, or
the Division otherwise determines that additional permit requirements are necessary, they are typically
imposed as follows: 1) at the renewal of this general permit or through a general permit specific to an
industrial sector (if the issue is sector-based); 2) through direction from the Division based on the
implementation of a TMDL (if the issue is watershed-based); or 3) if the issue is site-specific, through a
revision to the certification from the Division based on an inspection or SWMP review, or through an
individual permit.
PART II
Permit - Page 31
Permit No. COR-030000
III. BACKGROUND (cont.)
Some construction sites may be required to comply with a Qualifying Local Program in place of meeting
several of the specific requirements in this permit. Sites covered by a Qualifying Local Program may not be
required to submit an application for coverage or a notice of inactivation and may not be required to pay the
Division’s annual fee. See Section VII of the rationale.
C. Violations/Penalties
Dischargers of stormwater associated with industrial activity, as defined in the CDPS regulations (5CCR
1002-61), that do not obtain coverage under this or other Colorado general permits, or under an individual
CDPS permit regulating industrial stormwater, will be in violation of the Federal Clean Water Act and the
Colorado Water Quality Control Act, 25-8-101. For facilities covered under a CDPS permit, failure to
comply with any CDPS permit requirement constitutes a violation. As of the time of permit issuance, civil
penalties for violations of the Act or CDPS permit requirements may be up to $10,000 per day, and criminal
pollution of state waters is punishable by fines of up to $25,000 per day.
IV. STORMWATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
The stormwater regulations (CDPS regulations (5CCR 1002-61)), require that stormwater discharges associated
with certain industrial activities be covered under the permit program. Construction activity that disturbs one
acre or more during the life of the project is specifically included in the listed industrial activities. This permit is
intended to cover most stormwater discharges from construction facilities required by State regulation to obtain a
permit.
A. Construction Activity
Construction activity includes ground surface disturbing activities including, but not limited to, clearing,
grading, excavation, demolition, installation of new or improved haul and access roads, staging areas,
stockpiling of fill materials, and dedicated borrow/fill areas. Construction does not include routine
maintenance to maintain original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the facility. (The
maintenance exclusion is intended for projects such as road resurfacing, and where there will be less than
one acre of additional ground disturbed. Improvements or upgrades to existing facilities or roads, where at
least one acre is disturbed, would not qualify as “routine maintenance.”)
Definitions of additional terms can be found in Part I.E of the permit.
Stormwater discharges from all construction activity require permit coverage, except for operations that
result in the disturbance of less than one acre of total land area and which are not part of a larger common
plan of development or sale. A “larger common plan of development or sale” is a contiguous area where
multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different
schedules.
B. Types of Discharges/Activities Covered
1. Stormwater: This permit is intended to cover most new or existing discharges composed entirely of
stormwater from construction activities that are required by State regulation to obtain a permit. This
includes stormwater discharges associated with areas that are dedicated to producing earthen
materials, such as soils, sand, and gravel, for use at a single construction site. These areas may be
located at the construction site or at some other location. This permit does not authorize the
discharge of mine water or process water from borrow areas. This permit may also cover stormwater
discharges associated with dedicated asphalt plants and concrete plants located at a specific
construction site.
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Permit No. COR-030000
IV. STORMWATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY (cont.)
2. Process water: Under certain restrictions, discharges to the ground from construction dewatering,
and from concrete washout activities, are also covered (see Parts I.C.3(c)(7), I.C.3(c)(8), I.D.3(c) and
I.D.3(d) of the permit).
C. Types of Activities NOT Covered
1. Stormwater: Aside from the sources listed in subparagraph B.1, above, this permit does not cover
stormwater discharged from construction sites that is mixed with stormwater from other types of
industrial activities, or process water of any kind. Other types of industrial activities that require
stormwater discharge permits pursuant to different sections of the regulations (Regulation 5 CCR
1002-61, Section 61.2(e)(iii)(A-I, K)], are not covered by this permit.
2. Process water: This permit also does not cover any discharge of process water to surface waters. If
the construction activity encounters groundwater, in order to discharge this groundwater to surface
waters, a Construction Dewatering Discharge Permit (permit number COG-070000) must also be
obtained. An application for this permit can be obtained from the Division at the address listed in
Part I.A.4(a) of the permit, or at the website in Section I of the rationale.
V. COVERAGE UNDER THIS GENERAL PERMIT
Under this general permit, owners or operators of stormwater discharges associated with construction activity
may be granted authorization to discharge stormwater into waters of the State of Colorado. This includes
stormwater discharges associated with industrial activity from areas that are dedicated to producing earthen
materials, such as soils, sand and gravel, for use at a single construction site, and dedicated asphalt plants and
dedicated concrete plants.
This permit does not pre-empt or supersede the authority of other local, state or federal agencies to prohibit,
restrict or control discharges of stormwater to storm drain systems or other water courses within their
jurisdiction.
Authorization to discharge under the permit requires submittal of a completed application form and a certification
that the SWMP is complete, unless the site is covered by a Qualifying Local Program. Upon receipt of all
required information, the Division may allow or disallow coverage under the general permit.
VI. APPLICATION AND CERTIFICATION
At least ten days prior to the commencement of construction activities, the owner or operator of the construction
site shall submit an original completed application which includes the signed certification that the SWMP is
complete. Original signatures are required for the application to be considered complete. For small construction
sites only, if the site is covered by a Qualifying Local Program (see below), submittal of an application is not
required.
For the purposes of this permit, the “operator” is the person who has day-to-day control over the project. This
can be the owner, the developer, the general contractor or the agent of one of these parties, in some
circumstances. At different times during a construction project, different types of parties may satisfy the definition
of ”operator” and the certification may be transferred as roles change.
(Note - Under the Federal regulations, this application process is referred to as a Notice of Intent, or NOI. For
internal consistency with its current program, the Division will continue to use the term “application.”) A
summary of the permit application requirements is found in the permit at Part I.A.4(b).
If coverage under this general permit is appropriate, then a certification will be developed and the applicant will
be certified under this general permit.
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Permit No. COR-030000
VII. QUALIFYING LOCAL PROGRAMS
For stormwater discharges associated with small construction activity (i.e., one to five acre disturbed area sites),
the permit includes conditions that incorporate approved qualifying local erosion and sediment control program
(Qualifying Local Program) requirements by reference. A Qualifying Local Program is a municipal stormwater
program for stormwater discharges associated with small construction activity that has been formally approved
by the Division. The requirements for Qualifying Local Programs are outlined in Part 61.8(12) of the Colorado
Discharger Permit System Regulations (also see the Division’s “Qualifying Local Programs for Small
Construction Sites - Application Guidance”). Such programs must impose requirements to protect water quality
that are at least as stringent as those required in this permit.
A. Approval Termination
A Qualifying Local Program may be terminated by either the Division or the municipality. Upon termination
of Division approval of a Qualifying Local Program, any small construction activity required to obtain
permit coverage under Section 61.3(2)(h) of the CDPS regulations (5CCR 1002-61), shall submit an
application form as provided by the Division, with a certification that the Stormwater Management Plan
(SWMP) is complete as required by Part I.A.3 of the permit, within 30 days of Division notification.
B. Approval Expiration
Division approval of a Qualifying Local Program will expire with this general permit on June 30, 2012. Any
municipality desiring to continue Division approval of their program must reapply by March 31, 2012. The
Division will determine if the program may continue as a approved Qualifying Local Program.
VIII. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERMIT
A. Coverage under a Qualifying Local Program – For Small Construction Sites Only
For small construction sites (disturbing less than 5 acres) covered under a Qualifying Local Program (see
Section VII, above), only certain permit requirements apply, as outlined below. The local program must
have been formally designated by the Division to qualify. Most municipalities have some type of local
program and may require permits and fees. However, simply having a program in place does not
necessarily mean that it is a qualifying program and that a State permit is not required. The local
municipality is responsible for notifying operators and/or owners that they are covered by a Qualifying
Local Program. As of May 31, 2007, the only approved Qualifying Local Programs within the state are for
Golden, Durango and Lakewood. An updated list of municipalities with Qualifying Local Programs,
including contact information, is available on the Division’s website at:
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/construction.html.
The Division reserves the right to require any construction owner or operator within the jurisdiction of a
Qualifying Local Program covered under this permit to apply for and obtain coverage under the full
requirements of this permit.
1. Permit Coverage: If a construction site is within the jurisdiction of a Qualifying Local Program, the
owner or operator of the construction activity is authorized to discharge stormwater associated with
small construction activity under this general permit without the submittal of an application to the
Division. The permittee also is not required to submit an inactivation notice or payment of an annual
fee to the Division.
PART II
Permit - Page 34
Permit No. COR-030000
VIII. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERMIT (cont.)
2. Permit Terms and Conditions: The permittee covered by a Qualifying Local Program must comply
with the requirements of that Qualifying Local Program. In addition, the following permit sections are
applicable:
a) Parts 1.A.1, 1.A.2, and 1.A.3: Authorization to discharge and discussion of coverage under the
permit.
b) Part I.D.1: General limitations that must be met in addition to local requirements.
c) Parts I.D.2, I.D.3, I.D.4: BMP implementation, prohibition of non-stormwater discharges
unless addressed in a separate CDPS permit, and requirements related to releases of reportable
quantities.
d) Part I.D.11: Potential coverage under a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL).
e) Part I.E: Additional definitions.
f) Part II (except for Parts II.A.1, II.B.3, II.B.8, and II.B.10): Specifically includes, but is not
limited to, provisions applicable in the case of noncompliance with permit requirements, and
requirements to provide information and access.
B. Stormwater Management Plans (SWMPs)
Prior to commencement of construction, a stormwater management plan (SWMP) shall be developed and
implemented for each facility covered by this permit. A certification that the SWMP is complete must be
submitted with the permit application. The SWMP shall identify potential sources of pollution (including
sediment) which may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of stormwater discharges associated with
construction activity from the facility. In addition, the plan shall describe the Best Management Practices
(BMPs) which will be used to reduce the pollutants in stormwater discharges from the construction site.
(Note that permanent stormwater controls, such as ponds, that are used as temporary construction BMPs
must be adequately covered in the SWMP.) Facilities must implement the provisions of their SWMP as a
condition of this permit. The SWMP shall include the following items:
1. Site Description
2. Site Map
3. Stormwater Management Controls
4. Long-term Stormwater Management
5. Inspection and Maintenance
(See Parts I.B. and I.C of the permit for a more detailed description of SWMP requirements.) The Division
has a guidance document available on preparing a SWMP. The document is included as Appendix A of the
permit application, and is available on the Division’s website at www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit.
Some changes have been made to the SWMP requirements. See Section II.I of the rationale for a discussion
on permittee responsibilities regarding those changes.
PART II
Permit - Page 35
Permit No. COR-030000
VIII. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERMIT (cont.)
Master SWMP
Often, a large construction project will involve multiple smaller construction sites that are within a common
plan of development, or multiple well pads under construction within an oil and gas well field. Pollutant
sources and the types of BMPs used can be relatively consistent in such cases. A permittee could
significantly streamline the SWMP development process through the use of a master SWMP. SWMP
information must be developed and maintained for all construction activities that exceed one acre (or are
part of a common plan of development exceeding one acre) conducted within the permitted area. By
developing a single master plan, the permittee can eliminate the need to develop repetitive information in
separate plans. Such a plan could include two sections, one containing a reference section with information
applicable to all sites (e.g., installation details and maintenance requirements for many standard BMPs,
such as silt fence and erosion blankets), and the second containing all of the information specific to each site
(e.g., site BMP map, drainage plans, details for BMPs requiring site specific design, such as retention
ponds).
As new activities begin, information required in the SWMP is added to the plan, and as areas become finally
stabilized, the related information is removed. Records of information related to areas that have been finally
stabilized that are removed from the active plan must be maintained for a period of at least three years from
the date that the associated site is finally stabilized.
C. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
If the designated use of a stream or water body has been impaired by the presence of a pollutant(s),
development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) may be required. A TMDL is an estimate of
allowable loading in the waterbody for the pollutant in question. Types of discharges that are or have the
potential to be a significant source of the pollutant are also identified. If a TMDL has been approved for any
waterbody into which the permittee discharges, and stormwater discharges associated with construction
activity have been assigned a pollutant-specific Wasteload Allocation (WLA) under the TMDL, the Division
will either:
1. Notify the permittee of the TMDL, and amend the permittee's certification to add specific BMPs
and/or other requirements, as appropriate; or
2. Ensure that the TMDL is being implemented properly through alternative local requirements, such as
by a municipal stormwater permit. (The only current example of this is the Cherry Creek Reservoir
Control Regulation (72.0), which mandates that municipalities within the basin require specific BMPs
for construction sites.)
See Part I.D.11 of the permit for further information.
D. Monitoring
Sampling and testing of stormwater for specific parameters is not required on a routine basis under this
permit. However, the Division reserves the right to require sampling and testing on a case-by-case basis, in
the event that there is reason to suspect that compliance with the SWMP is a problem, or to measure the
effectiveness of the BMPs in removing pollutants in the effluent. See Part I.D.1(e) of the permit.
E. Facility Inspections
Construction sites typically must inspect their stormwater management controls at least every 14 days and
within 24 hours after the end of any precipitation or snowmelt event that causes surface erosion. At sites or
portions of sites where ground-disturbing construction has been completed but a vegetative cover has not
been established, these inspections must occur at least once per month. (At sites where persistent snow
cover conditions exist, inspections are not required during the period that melting conditions do not exist.
These
PART II
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Permit No. COR-030000
VIII. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERMIT (cont.)
conditions are only expected to occur at high elevations within the Colorado mountains.) For all of these
inspections, records must be kept on file. Exceptions to the inspection requirements are detailed in Part
I.D.6 of the permit.
F. SWMP Revisions
The permittee shall amend the SWMP whenever there is a change in design, construction, operation, or
maintenance of the site, which would require the implementation of new or revised BMPs. The SWMP shall
also be amended if it proves to be ineffective in achieving the general objectives of controlling pollutants in
stormwater discharges associated with construction activity. The timing for completion of SWMP changes is
detailed in Parts I.D.5(c) and I.D.5(d) of the permit.
SWMP revisions shall be made prior to change in the field, or in accordance with Part I.D.5(d) of the
permit.
G. Reporting
The inspection record shall be made available to the Division upon request. Regular submittal of an annual
report is not required in this permit. See Part I.D.9 of the permit.
H. Annual Fee
The permittee is required to submit payment of an annual fee as set forth in the Water Quality Control Act.
Permittees will be billed for the initial permit fee within a few weeks of permit issuance and then annually,
based on a July 1 through June 30 billing cycle.
I. Responsibility for Permit
The permit certification for a site may be inactivated, once coverage is no longer needed. The certification
may be transferred, if another party is assuming responsibility for the entire area covered by the
certification. In addition, permit responsibility for part of the area covered by the certification may be
reassigned to another party. These actions are summarized below. The Stormwater Program construction
fact sheet explains these actions in further detail under the section on Multiple Owner/Developer Sites, and
is available on the Division website at
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/ConstFactSheet.PDF, Section F.
1. Inactivation Notice: When a site has been finally stabilized in accordance with the SWMP, the
permittee shall submit an Inactivation Notice that is signed in accordance with Part I.F.1 of the
permit. A summary of the Inactivation Notice content is described in Part I.A.6 of the permit. A copy
of the Inactivation Notice form will be mailed to the permittee along with the permit certification.
Additional copies are available from the Division.
For sites where all areas have been removed from permit coverage, the permittee may submit an
inactivation notice and terminate permit coverage. In such cases the permittee would no longer have
any land covered under their permit certification, and therefore there would be no areas remaining to
finally stabilize. Areas may be removed from permit coverage by:
-reassignment of permit coverage (Part I.A.8 of the permit);
-sale to homeowner(s) (Part I.A.9 of the permit); or
-amendment by the permittee, in accordance with Division guidance for areas where permit coverage
has been obtained by a new operator or returned to agricultural use.
PART II
Permit - Page 37
Permit No. COR-030000
VIII. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PERMIT (cont.)
2. Transfer of Permit: When responsibility for stormwater discharges for an entire construction site
changes from one individual to another, the permit shall be transferred in accordance with Part I.A.7
of the permit. The permittee shall submit a completed Notice of Transfer form, which is available
from the Division, and at www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit. If the new responsible party will
not complete the transfer form, the permit may be inactivated if the permittee has no legal
responsibility, through ownership or contract, for the construction activities at the site. In this case,
the new owner or operator would be required to obtain permit coverage separately.
3. Reassignment of Permit: When a permittee no longer has control of a specific portion of a permitted
site, and wishes to transfer coverage of that portion of the site to a second party, the permittee shall
submit a completed Notice of Reassignment of Permit Coverage form, which is available from the
Division, and at www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit. The form requires that both the existing
permittee and new permittee complete their respective sections. See Part I.A.8 of the permit.
J. Duration of Permit
The general permit will expire on June 30, 2012. The permittee's authority to discharge under this permit is
approved until the expiration date of the general permit. Any permittee desiring continued coverage under
the general permit past the expiration date must apply for recertification under the general permit at least 90
days prior to its expiration date.
Kathleen Rosow
December 18, 2006
IX. PUBLIC NOTICE – 12/22/06
The permit was sent to public notice on December 22, 2006. A public meeting was requested, and was held on
February 2, 2007. Numerous comments were received on the draft permit. Responses to those comments, and a
summary of changes made to the draft permit, are in a separate document entitled “Division Response To Public
Comments.” The permit will be sent to a second public notice on March 23, 2007. Any changes resulting from the
second public notice will be summarized in the rationale.
Kathleen Rosow
March 22, 2007
X. PUBLIC NOTICE – 3/23/07
The permit was sent to public notice for a second time on March 23, 2007. Numerous comments were received on
the second draft permit. Responses to those comments, and a summary of the additional changes made to the draft
permit, are contained in a separate document entitled “Division Response To Public Comments Part II“. This
document is part of the rationale. Any changes based on the Division response are incorporated into the rationale
and permit. The response document is available online at
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/stormwater/construction.html, or by emailing
cdphe.wqstorm@state.co.us, or by calling the Division at 303-692-3517.
Kathleen Rosow
May 31, 2007
APPENDIX B
CDHPE Construction Activity Permit Application
For Agency Use Only
Permit Number Assigned
COR03-
Date Received /_ /_
Month Day Year
COLORADO DISCHARGE PERMIT SYSTEM (CDPS)
STORMWATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES APPLICATION
PHOTO COPIES, FAXED COPIES, PDF COPIES OR EMAILS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
Please print or type. Original signatures are required. All items must be completed accurately and in their entirety for
the application to be deemed complete. Incomplete applications will not be processed until all information is received
which will ultimately delay the issuance of a permit. If more space is required to answer any question, please attach
additional sheets to the application form. Applications must be submitted by mail or hand delivered to:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
WQCD-P-B2
Denver, Colorado 80246-1530
Any additional information that you would like the Division to consider in developing the permit should be provided with
the application. Examples include effluent data and/or modeling and planned pollutant removal strategies.
PERMIT INFORMATION
Reason for Application: NEW CERT
RENEW CERT EXISTING CERT #
Applicant is: Property Owner Contractor/Operator
A. CONTACT INFORMATION - NOT ALL CONTACT TYPES MAY APPLY * indicates required
*PERMITTEE (If more than one please add additional pages)
*ORGANIZATION FORMAL NAME:
1) *PERMITTEE the person authorized to sign and certify the permit application. This person receives all
permit correspondences and is legally responsible for compliance with the permit.
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
This form must be signed by the Permittee (listed in item 1) to be considered complete.
Per Regulation 61 In all cases, it shall be signed as follows:
a) In the case of corporations, by a responsible corporate officer. For the purposes of this section, the responsible
corporate officer is responsible for the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge described in the
application originates.
b) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner.
c) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor.
d) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official
page 1 of 5 revised April 2011
2) DMR COGNIZANT OFFICIAL (i.e. authorized agent) the person or position authorized to sign and certify reports required
by the Division including Discharge Monitoring Reports *DMR’s, Annual Reports, Compliance Schedule submittals,
and other information requested by the Division. The Division will transmit pre-printed reports (ie. DMR’s) to this person.
If more than one, please add additional pages. Same As 1) Permittee
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
Per Regulation 61 : All reports required by permits, and other information requested by the Division shall be signed by
the permittee or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if:
(i) The authorization is made in writing by the permittee
(ii) The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the
regulated facility or activity such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or a well field, superintendent,
position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters
for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named individual or any individual occupying a
named position); and
(iii) The written authorization is submitted to the Division
3) *SITE CONTACT local contact for questions relating to the facility & discharge authorized by this permit
for the facility.
Same As 1) Permittee
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
4) * BILLING CONTACT if different than the permittee
Responsible Position (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
Page 2 of 5 revised April 2011
5) OTHER CONTACT TYPES (check below) Add pages if necessary:
ResponsiblePosition (Title):
Currently Held By (Person):
Telephone No:_
email address
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
o Pretreatment
Coordinator
o Environmental Contact
o Biosolids Responsible
Party
o Property Owner
Inspection Facility Contact
Consultant
Compliance Contact
Stormwater MS4 Responsible
Person
Stormwater Authorized
Representative
Other
B. Permitted Project/Facility Information
Project/Facility Name
Street Address or cross streets
(e.g., “S. of Park St. between 5th Ave. and 10th Ave.”, or “W. side of C.R. 21, 3.25 miles N. of Hwy 10”; A street name without an address,
intersection, mile marker, or other identifying information describing the location of the project is not adequate. For linear projects,
the route of the project should be described as best as possible with the location more accurately indicated by a map.)
City, Zip Code County
Facility Latitude/Longitude— (approximate center of site to nearest 15 seconds using one of
following formats
001A Latitude . Longitude . (e.g., 39.703°, 104.933°’)
degrees (to 3 decimal places) degrees (to 3 decimal places)
or
001A Latitude º ’ " Longitude º ’ " (e.g., 39°46'11"N, 104°53'11"W)
degrees minutes seconds degrees minutes seconds
For the approximate center point of the property, to the nearest 15 seconds. The latitude and longitude must be provided as
either degrees, minutes, and seconds, or in decimal degrees with three decimal places. This information may be obtained from
a variety of sources, including:
o Surveyors or engineers for the project should have, or be able to calculate, this information.
o EPA maintains a web-based siting tool as part of their Toxic Release Inventory program that uses interactive maps and
aerial photography to help users get latitude and longitude. The siting tool can be accessed at
www.epa.gov/tri/report/siting_tool/index.htm
o U.S. Geological Survey topographical map(s), available at area map stores.
o Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit to obtain a direct reading.
Note: the latitude/longitude required above is not the directional degrees, minutes, and seconds provided on a site legal
description to define property boundaries.
C. MAP (Attachment) If no map is submitted, the permit will not be issued.
Map: Attach a map that indicates the site location and that CLEARLY shows the boundaries of the area that will be
disturbed. Maps must be no larger than 11x17 inches.
D. LEGAL DESCRIPTION
Legal description: If subdivided, provide the legal description below, or indicate that it is not applicable (do not supply
Township/Range/Section or metes and bounds description of site)
Subdivision(s): Lot(s): Block(s):
OR
Not applicable (site has not been subdivided)
page 3 of 5 revised April 2011
E. AREA OF CONSTRUCTION SITE
Total area of project site (acres): Area of project site to undergo disturbance (acres):
Note: aside from clearing, grading and excavation activities, disturbed areas also include areas receiving
overburden (e.g., stockpiles), demolition areas, and areas with heavy equipment/vehicle traffic and storage
that disturb existing vegetative cover
Total disturbed area of Larger Common Plan of Development or Sale, if applicable:
(i.e., total, including all phases, filings, lots, and infrastructure not covered by this application)
Provide both the total area of the construction site, and the area that will undergo disturbance, in acres. Note: aside
from clearing, grading and excavation activities, disturbed areas also include areas receiving overburden (e.g.,
stockpiles), demolition areas, and areas with heavy equipment/vehicle traffic and storage that disturb existing
vegetative cover (see construction activity description under the APPLICABILITY section on page 1).
If the project is part of a larger common plan of development or sale (see the definition under the APPLICABILITY
section on page 1), the disturbed area of the total plan must also be included.
F. NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
Check the appropriate box(s) or provide a brief description that indicates the general nature of the construction activities.
(The full description of activities must be included in the Stormwater Management Plan.)
Single Family Residential Development
Multi-Family Residential Development
Commercial Development
Oil and Gas Production and/or Exploration (including pad sites and associated infrastructure)
Highway/Road Development (not including roadways associated with commercial or residential development)
Other – Description:
G. ANTICIPATED CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
Construction Start Date: ___________________________ Final Stabilization Date: _____________________________
Construction Start Date - This is the day you expect to begin ground disturbing activities, including grubbing, stockpiling, excavating,
demolition, and grading activities.
Final Stabilization Date - in terms of permit coverage, this is when the site is finally stabilized. This means that all ground surface
disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and all disturbed areas have been either built on, paved, or a uniform vegetative
cover has been established with an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of pre-disturbance levels. Permit coverage must be
maintained until the site is finally stabilized. Even if you are only doing one part of the project, the estimated final stabilization
date must be for the overall project. If permit coverage is still required once your part is completed, the permit certification may be
transferred or reassigned to a new responsible entity(s).
H. RECEIVING WATERS (If discharge is to a ditch or storm sewer, include the name of the ultimate receiving waters)
Immediate Receiving Water(s):
Ultimate Receiving Water(s):
Identify the receiving water of the stormwater from your site. Receiving waters are any waters of the State of Colorado. This includes
all water courses, even if they are usually dry. If stormwater from the construction site enters a ditch or storm sewer system, identify
that system and indicate the ultimate receiving water for the ditch or storm sewer. Note: a stormwater discharge permit does not
allow a discharge into a ditch or storm sewer system without the approval of the owner/operator of that system.
page 4 of 5 revised April 2011
I. REQUIRED SIGNATURES (Both parts i. and ii. must be signed)
Signature of Applicant: The applicant must be either the owner and/or operator of the construction site. Refer to Part B of the instructions for additional information.
The application must be signed by the applicant to be considered complete. In all cases, it shall be signed as follows: (Regulation 61.4 (1ei)
a) In the case of corporations, by the responsible corporate officer is responsible for the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge
described in the form originates
b) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner.
c) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor.
d) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer, ranking elected official, (a principal executive officer
has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge originates).
STOP!: A Stormwater Management Plan must be completed prior to signing the following certifications!
i. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN CERTIFICATION
“I certify under penalty of law that a complete Stormwater Management Plan, has been prepared for my activity. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the Stormwater Management Plan is, to the best of
my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for falsely certifying the completion of said SWMP,
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.”
XX
Signature of Legally Responsible Person or Authorized Agent (submission must include original signature) Date Signed
Name (printed) Title
ii. SIGNATURE OF PERMIT LEGAL CONTACT
"I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system
designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons
who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations."
“I understand that submittal of this application is for coverage under the State of Colorado General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with
Construction Activity for the entirety of the construction site/project described and applied for, until such time as the application is amended or the
certification is transferred, inactivated, or expired.”
XX
Signature of Legally Responsible Person (submission must include original signature) Date Signed
Name (printed Title
DO NOT INCLUDE A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
DO NOT INCLUDE PAYMENT – AN INVOICE WILL BE SENT AFTER THE CERTIFICATION IS ISSUED.
page 5 of 5 revised April 2011
APPENDIX C
Urban Drainage and Flood Control District BMPs
Surface Roughening (SR) EC-1
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SR-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph SR-1. Surface roughening via imprinting for temporary
stabilization.
Description
Surface roughening is an erosion control
practice that involves tracking,
scarifying, imprinting, or tilling a
disturbed area to provide temporary
stabilization of disturbed areas. Surface
roughening creates variations in the soil
surface that help to minimize wind and
water erosion. Depending on the
technique used, surface roughening may
also help establish conditions favorable
to establishment of vegetation.
Appropriate Uses
Surface roughening can be used to
provide temporary stabilization of
disturbed areas, such as when
revegetation cannot be immediately established due to seasonal planting limitations. Surface roughening
is not a stand-alone BMP, and should be used in conjunction with other erosion and sediment controls.
Surface roughening is often implemented in conjunction with grading and is typically performed using
heavy construction equipment to track the surface. Be aware that tracking with heavy equipment will also
compact soils, which is not desirable in areas that will be revegetated. Scarifying, tilling, or ripping are
better surface roughening techniques in locations where revegetation is planned. Roughening is not
effective in very sandy soils and cannot be effectively performed in rocky soil.
Design and Installation
Typical design details for surfacing roughening on steep and mild slopes are provided in Details SR-1 and
SR-2, respectively.
Surface roughening should be performed either after final grading or to temporarily stabilize an area
during active construction that may be inactive for a short time period. Surface roughening should create
depressions 2 to 6 inches deep and approximately 6 inches apart. The surface of exposed soil can be
roughened by a number of techniques and equipment. Horizontal grooves (running parallel to the
contours of the land) can be made using tracks from equipment treads, stair-step grading, ripping, or
tilling.
Fill slopes can be constructed with a roughened surface. Cut slopes that have been smooth graded can be
roughened as a subsequent operation. Roughening should follow along the contours of the slope. The
tracks left by truck mounted equipment working perpendicular
to the contour can leave acceptable horizontal depressions;
however, the equipment will also compact the soil.
Surface Roughening
Functions
Erosion Control Yes
Sediment Control No
Site/Material Management No
EC-1 Surface Roughening (SR)
SR-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Maintenance and Removal
Care should be taken not to drive vehicles or equipment over areas that have been surface roughened.
Tire tracks will smooth the roughened surface and may cause runoff to collect into rills and gullies.
Because surface roughening is only a temporary control, additional treatments may be necessary to
maintain the soil surface in a roughened condition.
Areas should be inspected for signs of erosion. Surface roughening is a temporary measure, and will not
provide long-term erosion control.
Surface Roughening (SR) EC-1
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SR-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
EC-1 Surface Roughening (SR)
SR-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Temporary and Permanent Seeding (TS/PS) EC-2
June 2012 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District TS/PS-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph TS/PS -1. Equipment used to drill seed. Photo courtesy of
Douglas County.
Description
Temporary seeding can be used to
stabilize disturbed areas that will be
inactive for an extended period.
Permanent seeding should be used to
stabilize areas at final grade that will not
be otherwise stabilized. Effective seeding
includes preparation of a seedbed,
selection of an appropriate seed mixture,
proper planting techniques, and protection
of the seeded area with mulch, geotextiles,
or other appropriate measures.
Appropriate Uses
When the soil surface is disturbed and
will remain inactive for an extended
period (typically 30 days or longer),
proactive stabilization measures should be implemented. If the inactive period is short-lived (on the order
of two weeks), techniques such as surface roughening may be appropriate. For longer periods of
inactivity, temporary seeding and mulching can provide effective erosion control. Permanent seeding
should be used on finished areas that have not been otherwise stabilized.
Typically, local governments have their own seed mixes and timelines for seeding. Check jurisdictional
requirements for seeding and temporary stabilization.
Design and Installation
Effective seeding requires proper seedbed preparation, selection of an appropriate seed mixture, use of
appropriate seeding equipment to ensure proper coverage and density, and protection with mulch or fabric
until plants are established.
The USDCM Volume 2 Revegetation Chapter contains detailed seed mix, soil preparations, and seeding
and mulching recommendations that may be referenced to supplement this Fact Sheet.
Drill seeding is the preferred seeding method. Hydroseeding is not recommended except in areas where
steep slopes prevent use of drill seeding equipment, and even in these instances it is preferable to hand
seed and mulch. Some jurisdictions do not allow hydroseeding or hydromulching.
Seedbed Preparation
Prior to seeding, ensure that areas to be revegetated have
soil conditions capable of supporting vegetation. Overlot
grading can result in loss of topsoil, resulting in poor quality
subsoils at the ground surface that have low nutrient value,
little organic matter content, few soil microorganisms,
rooting restrictions, and conditions less conducive to
infiltration of precipitation. As a result, it is typically
necessary to provide stockpiled topsoil, compost, or other
Temporary and Permanent Seeding
Functions
Erosion Control Yes
Sediment Control No
Site/Material Management No
EC-2 Temporary and Permanent Seeding (TS/PS)
TS/PS-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District June 2012
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
soil amendments and rototill them into the soil to a depth of 6 inches or more.
Topsoil should be salvaged during grading operations for use and spread on areas to be revegetated later.
Topsoil should be viewed as an important resource to be utilized for vegetation establishment, due to its
water-holding capacity, structure, texture, organic matter content, biological activity, and nutrient content.
The rooting depth of most native grasses in the semi-arid Denver metropolitan area is 6 to 18 inches. At a
minimum, the upper 6 inches of topsoil should be stripped, stockpiled, and ultimately respread across
areas that will be revegetated.
Where topsoil is not available, subsoils should be amended to provide an appropriate plant-growth
medium. Organic matter, such as well digested compost, can be added to improve soil characteristics
conducive to plant growth. Other treatments can be used to adjust soil pH conditions when needed. Soil
testing, which is typically inexpensive, should be completed to determine and optimize the types and
amounts of amendments that are required.
If the disturbed ground surface is compacted, rip or rototill the surface prior to placing topsoil. If adding
compost to the existing soil surface, rototilling is necessary. Surface roughening will assist in placement
of a stable topsoil layer on steeper slopes, and allow infiltration and root penetration to greater depth.
Prior to seeding, the soil surface should be rough and the seedbed should be firm, but neither too loose
nor compacted. The upper layer of soil should be in a condition suitable for seeding at the proper depth
and conducive to plant growth. Seed-to-soil contact is the key to good germination.
Seed Mix for Temporary Vegetation
To provide temporary vegetative cover on disturbed areas which will not be paved, built upon, or fully
landscaped or worked for an extended period (typically 30 days or more), plant an annual grass
appropriate for the time of planting and mulch the planted areas. Annual grasses suitable for the Denver
metropolitan area are listed in Table TS/PS-1. These are to be considered only as general
recommendations when specific design guidance for a particular site is not available. Local governments
typically specify seed mixes appropriate for their jurisdiction.
Seed Mix for Permanent Revegetation
To provide vegetative cover on disturbed areas that have reached final grade, a perennial grass mix should
be established. Permanent seeding should be performed promptly (typically within 14 days) after
reaching final grade. Each site will have different characteristics and a landscape professional or the local
jurisdiction should be contacted to determine the most suitable seed mix for a specific site. In lieu of a
specific recommendation, one of the perennial grass mixes appropriate for site conditions and growth
season listed in Table TS/PS-2 can be used. The pure live seed (PLS) rates of application recommended
in these tables are considered to be absolute minimum rates for seed applied using proper drill-seeding
equipment.
If desired for wildlife habitat or landscape diversity, shrubs such as rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus
nauseosus), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) and skunkbrush sumac (Rhus trilobata) could be
added to the upland seedmixes at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 pound PLS/acre, respectively. In riparian zones,
planting root stock of such species as American plum (Prunus americana), woods rose (Rosa woodsii),
plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii), and willow (Populus spp.) may be considered. On non-topsoiled
upland sites, a legume such as Ladak alfalfa at 1 pound PLS/acre can be included as a source of nitrogen
for perennial grasses.
Temporary and Permanent Seeding (TS/PS) EC-2
June 2012 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District TS/PS-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Seeding dates for the highest success probability of perennial species along the Front Range are generally
in the spring from April through early May and in the fall after the first of September until the ground
freezes. If the area is irrigated, seeding may occur in summer months, as well. See Table TS/PS-3 for
appropriate seeding dates.
Table TS/PS-1. Minimum Drill Seeding Rates for Various Temporary Annual Grasses
Speciesa
(Common name)
Growth
Seasonb
Pounds of
Pure Live Seed
(PLS)/acrec
Planting
Depth
(inches)
1. Oats Cool 35 - 50 1 - 2
2. Spring wheat Cool 25 - 35 1 - 2
3. Spring barley Cool 25 - 35 1 - 2
4. Annual ryegrass Cool 10 - 15 ½
5. Millet Warm 3 - 15 ½ - ¾
6. Sudangrass Warm 5–10 ½ - ¾
7. Sorghum Warm 5–10 ½ - ¾
8. Winter wheat Cool 20–35 1 - 2
9. Winter barley Cool 20–35 1 - 2
10. Winter rye Cool 20–35 1 - 2
11. Triticale Cool 25–40 1 - 2
a Successful seeding of annual grass resulting in adequate plant growth will
usually produce enough dead-plant residue to provide protection from
wind and water erosion for an additional year. This assumes that the cover
is not disturbed or mowed closer than 8 inches.
Hydraulic seeding may be substituted for drilling only where slopes are
steeper than 3:1 or where access limitations exist. When hydraulic
seeding is used, hydraulic mulching should be applied as a separate
operation, when practical, to prevent the seeds from being encapsulated in
the mulch.
b See Table TS/PS-3 for seeding dates. Irrigation, if consistently applied,
may extend the use of cool season species during the summer months.
c Seeding rates should be doubled if seed is broadcast, or increased by 50
percent if done using a Brillion Drill or by hydraulic seeding.
EC-2 Temporary and Permanent Seeding (TS/PS)
TS/PS-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District June 2012
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Table TS/PS-2. Minimum Drill Seeding Rates for Perennial Grasses
Common
a
Name
Botanical
Name
Growth
Seasonb
Growth
Form
Seeds/
Pound
Pounds of
PLS/acre
Alakali Soil Seed Mix
Alkali sacaton Sporobolus airoides Cool Bunch 1,750,000 0.25
Basin wildrye Elymus cinereus Cool Bunch 165,000 2.5
Sodar streambank wheatgrass Agropyron riparium 'Sodar' Cool Sod 170,000 2.5
Jose tall wheatgrass Agropyron elongatum 'Jose' Cool Bunch 79,000 7.0
Arriba western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii 'Arriba' Cool Sod 110,000 5.5
Total 17.75
Fertile Loamy Soil Seed Mix
Ephriam crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum
'Ephriam' Cool Sod 175,000 2.0
Dural hard fescue Festuca ovina 'duriuscula' Cool Bunch 565,000 1.0
Lincoln smooth brome Bromus inermis leyss
'Lincoln' Cool Sod 130,000 3.0
Sodar streambank wheatgrass Agropyron riparium 'Sodar' Cool Sod 170,000 2.5
Arriba western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii 'Arriba' Cool Sod 110,000 7.0
Total 15.5
High Water Table Soil Seed Mix
Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Cool Sod 900,000 0.5
Redtop Agrostis alba Warm Open sod 5,000,000 0.25
Reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea Cool Sod 68,000 0.5
Lincoln smooth brome Bromus inermis leyss
'Lincoln' Cool Sod 130,000 3.0
Pathfinder switchgrass Panicum virgatum
'Pathfinder' Warm Sod 389,000 1.0
Alkar tall wheatgrass Agropyron elongatum
'Alkar' Cool Bunch 79,000 5.5
Total 10.75
Transition Turf Seed Mixc
Ruebens Canadian bluegrass Poa compressa 'Ruebens' Cool Sod 2,500,000 0.5
Dural hard fescue Festuca ovina 'duriuscula' Cool Bunch 565,000 1.0
Citation perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne 'Citation' Cool Sod 247,000 3.0
Lincoln smooth brome Bromus inermis leyss
'Lincoln' Cool Sod 130,000 3.0
Total 7.5
Temporary and Permanent Seeding (TS/PS) EC-2
June 2012 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District TS/PS-5
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Table TS/PS-2. Minimum Drill Seeding Rates for Perennial Grasses (cont.)
Common
Name
Botanical
Name
Growth
Seasonb
Growth
Form
Seeds/
Pound
Pounds of
PLS/acre
Sandy Soil Seed Mix
Blue grama Bouteloua gracilis Warm Sod-forming
bunchgrass 825,000 0.5
Camper little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium
'Camper' Warm Bunch 240,000 1.0
Prairie sandreed Calamovilfa longifolia Warm Open sod 274,000 1.0
Sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus Cool Bunch 5,298,000 0.25
Vaughn sideoats grama Bouteloua curtipendula
'Vaughn' Warm Sod 191,000 2.0
Arriba western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii 'Arriba' Cool Sod 110,000 5.5
Total 10.25
Heavy Clay, Rocky Foothill Seed Mix
Ephriam crested wheatgrass
d
Agropyron cristatum
'Ephriam' Cool Sod 175,000 1.5
Oahe Intermediate wheatgrass Agropyron intermedium
'Oahe' Cool Sod 115,000 5.5
Vaughn sideoats grama
e
Bouteloua curtipendula
'Vaughn' Warm Sod 191,000 2.0
Lincoln smooth brome Bromus inermis leyss
'Lincoln' Cool Sod 130,000 3.0
Arriba western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii 'Arriba' Cool Sod 110,000 5.5
Total 17.5
a All of the above seeding mixes and rates are based on drill seeding followed by crimped straw mulch. These rates should be
doubled if seed is broadcast and should be increased by 50 percent if the seeding is done using a Brillion Drill or is applied
through hydraulic seeding. Hydraulic seeding may be substituted for drilling only where slopes are steeper than 3:1. If
hydraulic seeding is used, hydraulic mulching should be done as a separate operation.
b
See Table TS/PS-3 for seeding dates.
c
If site is to be irrigated, the transition turf seed rates should be doubled.
d
Crested wheatgrass should not be used on slopes steeper than 6H to 1V.
e
Can substitute 0.5 lbs PLS of blue grama for the 2.0 lbs PLS of Vaughn sideoats grama.
EC-2 Temporary and Permanent Seeding (TS/PS)
TS/PS-6 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District June 2012
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Table TS/PS-3. Seeding Dates for Annual and Perennial Grasses
Annual Grasses
(Numbers in table reference
species in Table TS/PS-1)
Perennial Grasses
Seeding Dates Warm Cool Warm Cool
January 1–March 15
March 16–April 30 4 1,2,3
May 1–May 15 4
May 16–June 30 4,5,6,7
July 1–July 15 5,6,7
July 16–August 31
September 1–September 30 8,9,10,11
October 1–December 31
Mulch
Cover seeded areas with mulch or an appropriate rolled erosion control product to promote establishment
of vegetation. Anchor mulch by crimping, netting or use of a non-toxic tackifier. See the Mulching BMP
Fact Sheet for additional guidance.
Maintenance and Removal
Monitor and observe seeded areas to identify areas of poor growth or areas that fail to germinate. Reseed
and mulch these areas, as needed.
An area that has been permanently seeded should have a good stand of vegetation within one growing
season if irrigated and within three growing seasons without irrigation in Colorado. Reseed portions of
the site that fail to germinate or remain bare after the first growing season.
Seeded areas may require irrigation, particularly during extended dry periods. Targeted weed control may
also be necessary.
Protect seeded areas from construction equipment and vehicle access.
Soil Binders (SB) EC-3
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SB-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Description
Soil binders include a broad range of
treatments that can be applied to exposed
soils for temporary stabilization to reduce
wind and water erosion. Soil binders may
be applied alone or as tackifiers in
conjunction with mulching and seeding
applications.
Acknowledgement: This BMP Fact Sheet
has been adapted from the 2003
California Stormwater Quality
Association (CASQA) Stormwater BMP
Handbook: Construction
(www.cabmphandbooks.com).
Appropriate Uses
Soil binders can be used for short-term, temporary stabilization of soils on both mild and steep slopes.
Soil binders are often used in areas where work has temporarily stopped, but is expected to resume before
revegetation can become established. Binders are also useful on stockpiled soils or where temporary or
permanent seeding has occurred.
Prior to selecting a soil binder, check with the state and local jurisdiction to ensure that the chemicals
used in the soil binders are allowed. The water quality impacts of some types of soil binders are relatively
unknown and may not be allowed due to concerns about potential environmental impacts. Soil binders
must be environmentally benign (non-toxic to plant and animal life), easy to apply, easy to maintain,
economical, and should not stain paved or painted surfaces.
Soil binders should not be used in vehicle or pedestrian high traffic areas, due to loss in effectiveness
under these conditions.
Site soil type will dictate appropriate soil binders to be used. Be aware that soil binders may not function
effectively on silt or clay soils or highly compacted areas. Check manufacturer's recommendations for
appropriateness with regard to soil conditions. Some binders may not be suitable for areas with existing
vegetation.
Design and Installation
Properties of common soil binders used for erosion control
are provided in Table SB-1. Design and installation
guidance below are provided for general reference. Follow
the manufacturer's instructions for application rates and
procedures.
Soil Binders
Functions
Erosion Control Yes
Sediment Control No
Site/Material Management Moderate
Photograph SB-1. Tackifier being applied to provide temporary soil
stabilization. Photo courtesy of Douglas County.
EC-3 Soil Binders (SB)
SB-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Table SB-1. Properties of Soil Binders for Erosion Control (Source: CASQA 2003)
Evaluation Criteria
Binder Type
Plant Material
Based
(short lived)
Plant Material
Based
(long lived)
Polymeric
Emulsion Blends
Cementitious-
Based Binders
Resistance to Leaching High High Low to Moderate Moderate
Resistance to Abrasion Moderate Low Moderate to High Moderate to High
Longevity Short to Medium Medium Medium to Long Medium
Minimum Curing Time
before Rain 9 to 18 hours 19 to 24 hours 0 to 24 hours 4 to 8 hours
Compatibility with
Existing Vegetation Good Poor Poor Poor
Mode of Degradation Biodegradable Biodegradable
Photodegradable/
Chemically
Degradable
Photodegradable/
Chemically
Degradable
Specialized Application
Equipment
Water Truck or
Hydraulic
Mulcher
Water Truck or
Hydraulic
Mulcher
Water Truck or
Hydraulic Mulcher
Water Truck or
Hydraulic Mulcher
Liquid/Powder Powder Liquid Liquid/Powder Powder
Surface Crusting
Yes, but
dissolves on
rewetting
Yes Yes, but dissolves on
rewetting Yes
Clean Up Water Water Water Water
Erosion Control
Application Rate Varies Varies Varies
4,000 to 12,000
lbs/acre Typ.
Soil Binders (SB) EC-3
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SB-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Factors to consider when selecting a soil binder generally include:
Suitability to situation: Consider where the soil binder will be applied, if it needs a high resistance
to leaching or abrasion, and whether it needs to be compatible with existing vegetation. Determine
the length of time soil stabilization will be needed, and if the soil binder will be placed in an area
where it will degrade rapidly. In general, slope steepness is not a discriminating factor.
Soil types and surface materials: Fines and moisture content are key properties of surface
materials. Consider a soil binder's ability to penetrate, likelihood of leaching, and ability to form a
surface crust on the surface materials.
Frequency of application: The frequency of application can be affected by subgrade conditions,
surface type, climate, and maintenance schedule. Frequent applications could lead to high costs.
Application frequency may be minimized if the soil binder has good penetration, low evaporation,
and good longevity. Consider also that frequent application will require frequent equipment clean up.
An overview of major categories of soil binders, corresponding to the types included in Table SB-1
follows.
Plant-Material Based (Short Lived) Binders
Guar: A non-toxic, biodegradable, natural galactomannan-based hydrocolloid treated with dispersant
agents for easy field mixing. It should be mixed with water at the rate of 11 to 15 lbs per 1,000
gallons. Recommended minimum application rates are provided in Table SB-2.
Table SB-2. Application Rates for Guar Soil Stabilizer
Slope (H:V)
Flat 4:1 3:1 2:1 1:1
Application Rate (lb/acre) 40 45 50 60 70
Psyllium: Composed of the finely ground muciloid coating of plantago seeds that is applied as a wet
slurry to the surface of the soil. It dries to form a firm but rewettable membrane that binds soil
particles together but permits germination and growth of seed. Psyllium requires 12 to 18 hours
drying time. Application rates should be from 80 to 200 lbs/acre, with enough water in solution to
allow for a uniform slurry flow.
Starch: Non-ionic, cold-water soluble (pre-gelatinized) granular cornstarch. The material is mixed
with water and applied at the rate of 150 lb/acre. Approximate drying time is 9 to 12 hours.
Plant-Material Based (Long Lived) Binders
Pitch and Rosin Emulsion: Generally, a non-ionic pitch and rosin emulsion has a minimum solids
content of 48 percent. The rosin should be a minimum of 26 percent of the total solids content. The
soil stabilizer should be a non-corrosive, water dilutable emulsion that upon application cures to a
water insoluble binding and cementing agent. For soil erosion control applications, the emulsion is
diluted and should be applied as follows:
o For clayey soil: 5 parts water to 1 part emulsion
EC-3 Soil Binders (SB)
SB-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
o For sandy soil: 10 parts water to 1 part emulsion
Application can be by water truck or hydraulic seeder with the emulsion and product mixture applied
at the rate specified by the manufacturer.
Polymeric Emulsion Blend Binders
Acrylic Copolymers and Polymers: Polymeric soil stabilizers should consist of a liquid or solid
polymer or copolymer with an acrylic base that contains a minimum of 55 percent solids. The
polymeric compound should be handled and mixed in a manner that will not cause foaming or should
contain an anti-foaming agent. The polymeric emulsion should not exceed its shelf life or expiration
date; manufacturers should provide the expiration date. Polymeric soil stabilizer should be readily
miscible in water, non-injurious to seed or animal life, non-flammable, should provide surface soil
stabilization for various soil types without inhibiting water infiltration, and should not re-emulsify
when cured. The applied compound should air cure within a maximum of 36 to 48 hours. Liquid
copolymer should be diluted at a rate of 10 parts water to 1 part polymer and the mixture applied to
soil at a rate of 1,175 gallons/acre.
Liquid Polymers of Methacrylates and Acrylates: This material consists of a tackifier/sealer that is
a liquid polymer of methacrylates and acrylates. It is an aqueous 100 percent acrylic emulsion blend
of 40 percent solids by volume that is free from styrene, acetate, vinyl, ethoxylated surfactants or
silicates. For soil stabilization applications, it is diluted with water in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations, and applied with a hydraulic seeder at the rate of 20 gallons/acre. Drying time is
12 to 18 hours after application.
Copolymers of Sodium Acrylates and Acrylamides: These materials are non-toxic, dry powders
that are copolymers of sodium acrylate and acrylamide. They are mixed with water and applied to the
soil surface for erosion control at rates that are determined by slope gradient, as summarized in Table
SB-3.
Table SB-3. Application Rates for Copolymers of Sodium Acrylates and Acrylamides
Slope (H:V)
Flat to 5:1 5:1 to 3:1 2:2 to 1:1
Application Rate (lb/acre) 3.0-5.0 5.0-10.0 10.0-20.0
Polyacrylamide and Copolymer of Acrylamide: Linear copolymer polyacrylamide is packaged as
a dry flowable solid. When used as a stand-alone stabilizer, it is diluted at a rate of 11 lb/1,000 gal. of
water and applied at the rate of 5.0 lb/acre.
Hydrocolloid Polymers: Hydrocolloid Polymers are various combinations of dry flowable
polyacrylamides, copolymers, and hydrocolloid polymers that are mixed with water and applied to the
soil surface at rates of 55 to 60 lb/acre. Drying times are 0 to 4 hours.
Cementitious-Based Binders
Gypsum: This formulated gypsum based product readily mixes with water and mulch to form a thin
protective crust on the soil surface. It is composed of high purity gypsum that is ground, calcined and
processed into calcium sulfate hemihydrate with a minimum purity of 86 percent. It is mixed in a
hydraulic seeder and applied at rates 4,000 to 12,000 lb/acre. Drying time is 4 to 8 hours.
Soil Binders (SB) EC-3
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SB-5
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Installation
After selecting an appropriate soil binder, the untreated soil surface must be prepared before applying the
soil binder. The untreated soil surface must contain sufficient moisture to assist the agent in achieving
uniform distribution. In general, the following steps should be followed:
Follow manufacturer's written recommendations for application rates, pre-wetting of application area,
and cleaning of equipment after use.
Prior to application, roughen embankment and fill areas.
Consider the drying time for the selected soil binder and apply with sufficient time before anticipated
rainfall. Soil binders should not be applied during or immediately before rainfall.
Avoid over spray onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, sound walls, existing vegetation, etc.
Soil binders should not be applied to frozen soil, areas with standing water, under freezing or rainy
conditions, or when the temperature is below 40°F during the curing period.
More than one treatment is often necessary, although the second treatment may be diluted or have a
lower application rate.
Generally, soil binders require a minimum curing time of 24 hours before they are fully effective.
Refer to manufacturer's instructions for specific cure time.
For liquid agents:
o Crown or slope ground to avoid ponding.
o Uniformly pre-wet ground at 0.03 to 0.3 gal/yd2 or according to manufacturer's recommendations.
o Apply solution under pressure. Overlap solution 6 to 12 in.
o Allow treated area to cure for the time recommended by the manufacturer, typically at least 24
hours.
o Apply second treatment before first treatment becomes ineffective, using 50 percent application
rate.
o In low humidity, reactivate chemicals by re-wetting with water at 0.1 to 0.2 gal/yd2.
Maintenance and Removal
Soil binders tend to break down due to natural weathering. Weathering rates depend on a variety of site-
specific and product characteristics. Consult the manufacturer for recommended reapplication rates and
reapply the selected soil binder as needed to maintain effectiveness.
Soil binders can fail after heavy rainfall events and may require reapplication. In particular, soil binders
will generally experience spot failures during heavy rainfall events. If runoff penetrates the soil at the top
of a slope treated with a soil binder, it is likely that the runoff will undercut the stabilized soil layer and
discharge at a point further down slope.
EC-3 Soil Binders (SB)
SB-6 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Areas where erosion is evident should be repaired and soil binder or other stabilization reapplied, as
needed. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs.
Most binders biodegrade after exposure to sun, oxidation, heat and biological organisms; therefore,
removal of the soil binder is not typically required.
Wind Erosion/Dust Control (DC) EC-14
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District DC-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph DC-1. Water truck used for dust suppression. Photo
courtesy of Douglas County.
Description
Wind erosion and dust control BMPs
help to keep soil particles from entering
the air as a result of land disturbing
construction activities. These BMPs
include a variety of practices generally
focused on either graded disturbed areas
or construction roadways. For graded
areas, practices such as seeding and
mulching, use of soil binders, site
watering, or other practices that provide
prompt surface cover should be used.
For construction roadways, road
watering and stabilized surfaces should
be considered.
Appropriate Uses
Dust control measures should be used on any site where dust poses a problem to air quality. Dust control
is important to control for the health of construction workers and surrounding waterbodies.
Design and Installation
The following construction BMPs can be used for dust control:
An irrigation/sprinkler system can be used to wet the top layer of disturbed soil to help keep dry soil
particles from becoming airborne.
Seeding and mulching can be used to stabilize disturbed surfaces and reduce dust emissions.
Protecting existing vegetation can help to slow wind velocities across the ground surface, thereby
limiting the likelihood of soil particles to become airborne.
Spray-on soil binders form a bond between soil particles keeping them grounded. Chemical
treatments may require additional permitting requirements. Potential impacts to surrounding
waterways and habitat must be considered prior to use.
Placing rock on construction roadways and entrances will help keep dust to a minimum across the
construction site.
Wind fences can be installed on site to reduce wind
speeds. Install fences perpendicular to the prevailing
wind direction for maximum effectiveness.
Maintenance and Removal
When using an irrigation/sprinkler control system to aid in
dust control, be careful not to overwater. Overwatering will
cause construction vehicles to track mud off-site.
Wind Erosion Control/
Dust Control
Functions
Erosion Control Yes
Sediment Control No
Site/Material Management Moderate
Stockpile Management (SP) MM-2
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SP-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph SP-1. A topsoil stockpile that has been partially
revegetated and is protected by silt fence perimeter control.
Description
Stockpile management includes
measures to minimize erosion and
sediment transport from soil stockpiles.
Appropriate Uses
Stockpile management should be used
when soils or other erodible materials
are stored at the construction site.
Special attention should be given to
stockpiles in close proximity to natural
or manmade storm systems.
Design and Installation
Locate stockpiles away from all drainage system components including storm sewer inlets. Where
practical, choose stockpile locations that that will remain undisturbed for the longest period of time as the
phases of construction progress. Place sediment control BMPs around the perimeter of the stockpile, such
as sediment control logs, rock socks, silt fence, straw bales and sand bags. See Detail SP-1 for guidance
on proper establishment of perimeter controls around a stockpile. For stockpiles in active use, provide a
stabilized designated access point on the upgradient side of the stockpile.
Stabilize the stockpile surface with surface roughening, temporary seeding and mulching, erosion control
blankets, or soil binders. Soils stockpiled for an extended period (typically for more than 60 days) should
be seeded and mulched with a temporary grass cover once the stockpile is placed (typically within 14
days). Use of mulch only or a soil binder is acceptable if the stockpile will be in place for a more limited
time period (typically 30-60 days). Timeframes for stabilization of stockpiles noted in this fact sheet are
"typical" guidelines. Check permit requirements for specific federal, state, and/or local requirements that
may be more prescriptive.
Stockpiles should not be placed in streets or paved areas unless no other practical alternative exists. See
the Stabilized Staging Area Fact Sheet for guidance when staging in roadways is unavoidable due to
space or right-of-way constraints. For paved areas, rock socks must be used for perimeter control and all
inlets with the potential to receive sediment from the stockpile (even from vehicle tracking) must be
protected.
Maintenance and Removal
Inspect perimeter controls and inlet protection in accordance with their respective BMP Fact Sheets.
Where seeding, mulch and/or soil binders are used, reseeding or reapplication of soil binder may be
necessary.
When temporary removal of a perimeter BMP is necessary
to access a stockpile, ensure BMPs are reinstalled in
accordance with their respective design detail section.
Stockpile Management
Functions
Erosion Control Yes
Sediment Control Yes
Site/Material Management Yes
MM-2 Stockpile Management (SM)
SP-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
When the stockpile is no longer needed, properly dispose of excess materials and revegetate or otherwise
stabilize the ground surface where the stockpile was located.
Stockpile Management (SP) MM-2
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SP-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
MM-2 Stockpile Management (SM)
SP-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Stockpile Management (SP) MM-2
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SP-5
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
MM-2 Stockpile Management (SM)
SP-6 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Good Housekeeping Practices (GH) MM-3
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District GH-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photographs GH-1 and GH-2. Proper materials
storage and secondary containment for fuel tanks
are important good housekeeping practices. Photos
courtesy of CDOT and City of Aurora.
Description
Implement construction site good housekeeping practices to
prevent pollution associated with solid, liquid and hazardous
construction-related materials and wastes. Stormwater
Management Plans (SWMPs) should clearly specify BMPs
including these good housekeeping practices:
Provide for waste management.
Establish proper building material staging areas.
Designate paint and concrete washout areas.
Establish proper equipment/vehicle fueling and
maintenance practices.
Control equipment/vehicle washing and allowable non-
stormwater discharges.
Develop a spill prevention and response plan.
Acknowledgement: This Fact Sheet is based directly on
EPA guidance provided in Developing Your Stormwater
Pollution Prevent Plan (EPA 2007).
Appropriate Uses
Good housekeeping practices are necessary at all construction sites.
Design and Installation
The following principles and actions should be addressed in SWMPs:
Provide for Waste Management. Implement management procedures and practices to prevent or
reduce the exposure and transport of pollutants in stormwater from solid, liquid and sanitary wastes
that will be generated at the site. Practices such as trash disposal, recycling, proper material handling,
and cleanup measures can reduce the potential for stormwater runoff to pick up construction site
wastes and discharge them to surface waters. Implement a comprehensive set of waste-management
practices for hazardous or toxic materials, such as paints, solvents, petroleum products, pesticides,
wood preservatives, acids, roofing tar, and other materials. Practices should include storage,
handling, inventory, and cleanup procedures, in case of spills. Specific practices that should be
considered include:
Solid or Construction Waste
o Designate trash and bulk waste-collection areas on-
site.
Good Housekeeping
Functions
Erosion Control No
Sediment Control No
Site/Material Management Yes
MM-3 Good Housekeeping Practices (GH)
GH-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph GH-3. Locate portable toilet facilities on level
surfaces away from waterways and storm drains. Photo
courtesy of WWE.
o Recycle materials whenever possible (e.g., paper, wood, concrete, oil).
o Segregate and provide proper disposal options for hazardous material wastes.
o Clean up litter and debris from the construction site daily.
o Locate waste-collection areas away from streets, gutters, watercourses, and storm drains. Waste-
collection areas (dumpsters, and such) are often best located near construction site entrances to
minimize traffic on disturbed soils. Consider secondary containment around waste collection
areas to minimize the likelihood of contaminated discharges.
o Empty waste containers before they are full and overflowing.
Sanitary and Septic Waste
o Provide convenient, well-maintained, and properly located toilet facilities on-site.
o Locate toilet facilities away from storm drain inlets and waterways to prevent accidental spills
and contamination of stormwater.
o Maintain clean restroom facilities and empty portable toilets regularly.
o Where possible, provide secondary containment pans under portable toilets.
o Provide tie-downs or stake-downs for portable toilets.
o Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on locations of facilities.
o Treat or dispose of sanitary and septic waste in accordance with state or local regulations. Do not
discharge or bury wastewater at the construction site.
o Inspect facilities for leaks. If found, repair or replace immediately.
o Special care is necessary during maintenance (pump out) to ensure that waste and/or biocide are
not spilled on the ground.
Hazardous Materials and Wastes
o Develop and implement employee and
subcontractor education, as needed, on
hazardous and toxic waste handling,
storage, disposal, and cleanup.
o Designate hazardous waste-collection
areas on-site.
o Place all hazardous and toxic material
wastes in secondary containment.
Good Housekeeping Practices (GH) MM-3
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District GH-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
o Hazardous waste containers should be inspected to ensure that all containers are labeled properly
and that no leaks are present.
Establish Proper Building Material Handling and Staging Areas. The SWMP should include
comprehensive handling and management procedures for building materials, especially those that are
hazardous or toxic. Paints, solvents, pesticides, fuels and oils, other hazardous materials or building
materials that have the potential to contaminate stormwater should be stored indoors or under cover
whenever possible or in areas with secondary containment. Secondary containment measures prevent
a spill from spreading across the site and may include dikes, berms, curbing, or other containment
methods. Secondary containment techniques should also ensure the protection of groundwater.
Designate staging areas for activities such as fueling vehicles, mixing paints, plaster, mortar, and
other potential pollutants. Designated staging areas enable easier monitoring of the use of materials
and clean up of spills. Training employees and subcontractors is essential to the success of this
pollution prevention principle. Consider the following specific materials handling and staging
practices:
o Train employees and subcontractors in proper handling and storage practices.
o Clearly designate site areas for staging and storage with signs and on construction drawings.
Staging areas should be located in areas central to the construction site. Segment the staging area
into sub-areas designated for vehicles, equipment, or stockpiles. Construction entrances and exits
should be clearly marked so that delivery vehicles enter/exit through stabilized areas with vehicle
tracking controls (See Vehicle Tracking Control Fact Sheet).
o Provide storage in accordance with Spill Protection, Control and Countermeasures (SPCC)
requirements and plans and provide cover and impermeable perimeter control, as necessary, for
hazardous materials and contaminated soils that must be stored on site.
o Ensure that storage containers are regularly inspected for leaks, corrosion, support or foundation
failure, or other signs of deterioration and tested for soundness.
o Reuse and recycle construction materials when possible.
Designate Concrete Washout Areas. Concrete contractors should be encouraged to use the washout
facilities at their own plants or dispatch facilities when feasible; however, concrete washout
commonly occurs on construction sites. If it is necessary to provide for concrete washout areas on-
site, designate specific washout areas and design facilities to handle anticipated washout water.
Washout areas should also be provided for paint and stucco operations. Because washout areas can
be a source of pollutants from leaks or spills, care must be taken with regard to their placement and
proper use. See the Concrete Washout Area Fact Sheet for detailed guidance.
Both self-constructed and prefabricated washout containers can fill up quickly when concrete, paint,
and stucco work are occurring on large portions of the site. Be sure to check for evidence that
contractors are using the washout areas and not dumping materials onto the ground or into drainage
facilities. If the washout areas are not being used regularly, consider posting additional signage,
relocating the facilities to more convenient locations, or providing training to workers and
contractors.
When concrete, paint, or stucco is part of the construction process, consider these practices which will
help prevent contamination of stormwater. Include the locations of these areas and the maintenance
and inspection procedures in the SWMP.
MM-3 Good Housekeeping Practices (GH)
GH-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
o Do not washout concrete trucks or equipment into storm drains, streets, gutters, uncontained
areas, or streams. Only use designated washout areas.
o Establish washout areas and advertise their locations with signs. Ensure that signage remains in
good repair.
o Provide adequate containment for the amount of wash water that will be used.
o Inspect washout structures daily to detect leaks or tears and to identify when materials need to be
removed.
o Dispose of materials properly. The preferred method is to allow the water to evaporate and to
recycle the hardened concrete. Full service companies may provide dewatering services and
should dispose of wastewater properly. Concrete wash water can be highly polluted. It should
not be discharged to any surface water, storm sewer system, or allowed to infiltrate into the
ground in the vicinity of waterbodies. Washwater should not be discharged to a sanitary sewer
system without first receiving written permission from the system operator.
Establish Proper Equipment/Vehicle Fueling and Maintenance Practices. Create a clearly
designated on-site fueling and maintenance area that is clean and dry. The on-site fueling area should
have a spill kit, and staff should know how to use it. If possible, conduct vehicle fueling and
maintenance activities in a covered area. Consider the following practices to help prevent the
discharge of pollutants to stormwater from equipment/vehicle fueling and maintenance. Include the
locations of designated fueling and maintenance areas and inspection and maintenance procedures in
the SWMP.
o Train employees and subcontractors in proper fueling procedures (stay with vehicles during
fueling, proper use of pumps, emergency shutoff valves, etc.).
o Inspect on-site vehicles and equipment regularly for leaks, equipment damage, and other service
problems.
o Clearly designate vehicle/equipment service areas away from drainage facilities and watercourses
to prevent stormwater run-on and runoff.
o Use drip pans, drip cloths, or absorbent pads when replacing spent fluids.
o Collect all spent fluids, store in appropriate labeled containers in the proper storage areas, and
recycle fluids whenever possible.
Control Equipment/Vehicle Washing and Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges. Implement
practices to prevent contamination of surface and groundwater from equipment and vehicle wash
water. Representative practices include:
o Educate employees and subcontractors on proper washing procedures.
o Use off-site washing facilities, when available.
o Clearly mark the washing areas and inform workers that all washing must occur in this area.
o Contain wash water and treat it using BMPs. Infiltrate washwater when possible, but maintain
separation from drainage paths and waterbodies.
Good Housekeeping Practices (GH) MM-3
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District GH-5
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
o Use high-pressure water spray at vehicle washing facilities without detergents. Water alone can
remove most dirt adequately.
o Do not conduct other activities, such as vehicle repairs, in the wash area.
o Include the location of the washing facilities and the inspection and maintenance procedures in
the SWMP.
Develop a Spill Prevention and Response Plan. Spill prevention and response procedures must be
identified in the SWMP. Representative procedures include identifying ways to reduce the chance of
spills, stop the source of spills, contain and clean up spills, dispose of materials contaminated by
spills, and train personnel responsible for spill prevention and response. The plan should also specify
material handling procedures and storage requirements and ensure that clear and concise spill cleanup
procedures are provided and posted for areas in which spills may potentially occur. When developing
a spill prevention plan, include the following:
o Note the locations of chemical storage areas, storm drains, tributary drainage areas, surface
waterbodies on or near the site, and measures to stop spills from leaving the site.
o Provide proper handling and safety procedures for each type of waste. Keep Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs) for chemical used on site with the SWMP.
o Establish an education program for employees and subcontractors on the potential hazards to
humans and the environment from spills and leaks.
o Specify how to notify appropriate authorities, such as police and fire departments, hospitals, or
municipal sewage treatment facilities to request assistance. Emergency procedures and contact
numbers should be provided in the SWMP and posted at storage locations.
o Describe the procedures, equipment and materials for immediate cleanup of spills and proper
disposal.
o Identify personnel responsible for implementing the plan in the event of a spill. Update the spill
prevention plan and clean up materials as changes occur to the types of chemicals stored and used
at the facility.
MM-3 Good Housekeeping Practices (GH)
GH-6 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan
Construction sites may be subject to 40 CFR Part 112 regulations that require the preparation and
implementation of a SPCC Plan to prevent oil spills from aboveground and underground storage tanks.
The facility is subject to this rule if it is a non-transportation-related facility that:
Has a total storage capacity greater than 1,320 gallons or a completely buried storage capacity
greater than 42,000 gallons.
Could reasonably be expected to discharge oil in quantities that may be harmful to navigable waters
of the United States and adjoining shorelines.
Furthermore, if the facility is subject to 40 CFR Part 112, the SWMP should reference the SPCC Plan.
To find out more about SPCC Plans, see EPA's website on SPPC at www.epa.gov/oilspill/spcc.htm.
Reporting Oil Spills
In the event of an oil spill, contact the National Response Center toll free at 1-800-424- 8802 for
assistance, or for more details, visit their website: www.nrc.uscg.mil.
Maintenance and Removal
Effective implementation of good housekeeping practices is dependent on clear designation of personnel
responsible for supervising and implementing good housekeeping programs, such as site cleanup and
disposal of trash and debris, hazardous material management and disposal, vehicle and equipment
maintenance, and other practices. Emergency response "drills" may aid in emergency preparedness.
Checklists may be helpful in good housekeeping efforts.
Staging and storage areas require permanent stabilization when the areas are no longer being used for
construction-related activities.
Construction-related materials, debris and waste must be removed from the construction site once
construction is complete.
Design Details
See the following Fact Sheets for related Design Details:
MM-1 Concrete Washout Area
MM-2 Stockpile Management
SM-4 Vehicle Tracking Control
Design details are not necessary for other good housekeeping practices; however, be sure to designate
where specific practices will occur on the appropriate construction drawings.
Silt Fence (SF) SC-1
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SF-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph SF-1. Silt fence creates a sediment barrier, forcing
sheet flow runoff to evaporate or infiltrate.
Description
A silt fence is a woven geotextile fabric
attached to wooden posts and trenched
into the ground. It is designed as a
sediment barrier to intercept sheet flow
runoff from disturbed areas.
Appropriate Uses
A silt fence can be used where runoff is
conveyed from a disturbed area as sheet
flow. Silt fence is not designed to
receive concentrated flow or to be used
as a filter fabric. Typical uses include:
Down slope of a disturbed area to
accept sheet flow.
Along the perimeter of a receiving
water such as a stream, pond or
wetland.
At the perimeter of a construction site.
Design and Installation
Silt fence should be installed along the contour of slopes so that it intercepts sheet flow. The maximum
recommended tributary drainage area per 100 lineal feet of silt fence, installed along the contour, is
approximately 0.25 acres with a disturbed slope length of up to 150 feet and a tributary slope gradient no
steeper than 3:1. Longer and steeper slopes require additional measures. This recommendation only
applies to silt fence installed along the contour. Silt fence installed for other uses, such as perimeter
control, should be installed in a way that will not produce concentrated flows. For example, a "J-hook"
installation may be appropriate to force runoff to pond and evaporate or infiltrate in multiple areas rather
than concentrate and cause erosive conditions parallel to the silt fence.
See Detail SF-1 for proper silt fence installation, which involves proper trenching, staking, securing the
fabric to the stakes, and backfilling the silt fence. Properly installed silt fence should not be easily pulled
out by hand and there should be no gaps between the ground and the fabric.
Silt fence must meet the minimum allowable strength requirements, depth of installation requirement, and
other specifications in the design details. Improper installation
of silt fence is a common reason for silt fence failure; however,
when properly installed and used for the appropriate purposes, it
can be highly effective.
Silt Fence
Functions
Erosion Control No
Sediment Control Yes
Site/Material Management No
SC-1 Silt Fence (SF)
SF-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph SF-2. When silt fence is not installed along
the contour, a "J-hook" installation may be appropriate
to ensure that the BMP does not create concentrated
flow parallel to the silt fence. Photo courtesy of Tom
Gore.
Maintenance and Removal
Inspection of silt fence includes observing the
material for tears or holes and checking for slumping
fence and undercut areas bypassing flows. Repair of
silt fence typically involves replacing the damaged
section with a new section. Sediment accumulated
behind silt fence should be removed, as needed to
maintain BMP effectiveness, typically before it
reaches a depth of 6 inches.
Silt fence may be removed when the upstream area
has reached final stabilization.
Silt Fence (SF) SC-1
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SF-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
SC-1 Silt Fence (SF)
SF-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Sediment Control Log (SCL) SC-2
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SCL-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photographs SCL-1 and SCL-2. Sediment control logs used as 1) a
perimeter control around a soil stockpile; and, 2) as a "J-hook"
perimeter control at the corner of a construction site.
Description
A sediment control log is a linear roll
made of natural materials such as
straw, coconut fiber, or other fibrous
material trenched into the ground and
held with a wooden stake. Sediment
control logs are also often referred to
as "straw wattles." They are used as a
sediment barrier to intercept sheet flow
runoff from disturbed areas.
Appropriate Uses
Sediment control logs can be used in
the following applications to trap
sediment:
As perimeter control for stockpiles
and the site.
As part of inlet protection designs.
As check dams in small drainage
ditches. (Sediment control logs
are not intended for use in
channels with high flow
velocities.)
On disturbed slopes to shorten flow
lengths (as an erosion control).
As part of multi-layered perimeter control along a receiving water such as a stream, pond or wetland.
Sediment control logs work well in combination with other layers of erosion and sediment controls.
Design and Installation
Sediment control logs should be installed along the contour to avoid concentrating flows. The maximum
allowable tributary drainage area per 100 lineal feet of sediment control log, installed along the contour, is
approximately 0.25 acres with a disturbed slope length of up to 150 feet and a tributary slope gradient no
steeper than 3:1. Longer and steeper slopes require additional measures. This recommendation only
applies to sediment control logs installed along the contour. When installed for other uses, such as
perimeter control, it should be installed in a way that will not
produce concentrated flows. For example, a "J-hook"
installation may be appropriate to force runoff to pond and
evaporate or infiltrate in multiple areas rather than concentrate
and cause erosive conditions parallel to the BMP.
Sediment Control Log
Functions
Erosion Control Moderate
Sediment Control Yes
Site/Material Management No
SC-2 Sediment Control Log (SCL)
SCL-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Although sediment control logs initially allow runoff to flow through the BMP, they can quickly become
a barrier and should be installed is if they are impermeable.
Design details and notes for sediment control logs are provided in Detail SCL-1. Sediment logs must be
properly trenched and staked into the ground to prevent undercutting, bypassing and displacement. When
installed on slopes, sediment control logs should be installed along the contours (i.e., perpendicular to
flow).
Improper installation can lead to poor performance. Be sure that sediment control logs are properly
trenched, anchored and tightly jointed.
Maintenance and Removal
Be aware that sediment control logs will eventually degrade. Remove accumulated sediment before the
depth is one-half the height of the sediment log and repair damage to the sediment log, typically by
replacing the damaged section.
Once the upstream area is stabilized, remove and properly dispose of the logs. Areas disturbed beneath
the logs may need to be seeded and mulched. Sediment control logs that are biodegradable may
occasionally be left in place (e.g., when logs are used in conjunction with erosion control blankets as
permanent slope breaks). However, removal of sediment control logs after final stabilization is typically
recommended when used in perimeter control, inlet protection and check dam applications.
Sediment Control Log (SCL) SC-2
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SCL-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
SC-2 Sediment Control Log (SCL)
SCL-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Sediment Control Log (SCL) SC-2
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District SCL-5
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC) SM-4
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District VTC-1
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph VTC-1. A vehicle tracking control pad constructed with
properly sized rock reduces off-site sediment tracking.
Description
Vehicle tracking controls provide
stabilized construction site access where
vehicles exit the site onto paved public
roads. An effective vehicle tracking
control helps remove sediment (mud or
dirt) from vehicles, reducing tracking onto
the paved surface.
Appropriate Uses
Implement a stabilized construction
entrance or vehicle tracking control where
frequent heavy vehicle traffic exits the
construction site onto a paved roadway. An
effective vehicle tracking control is
particularly important during the following conditions:
Wet weather periods when mud is easily tracked off site.
During dry weather periods where dust is a concern.
When poorly drained, clayey soils are present on site.
Although wheel washes are not required in designs of vehicle tracking controls, they may be needed at
particularly muddy sites.
Design and Installation
Construct the vehicle tracking control on a level surface. Where feasible, grade the tracking control
towards the construction site to reduce off-site runoff. Place signage, as needed, to direct construction
vehicles to the designated exit through the vehicle tracking control. There are several different types of
stabilized construction entrances including:
VTC-1. Aggregate Vehicle Tracking Control. This is a coarse-aggregate surfaced pad underlain by a
geotextile. This is the most common vehicle tracking control, and when properly maintained can be
effective at removing sediment from vehicle tires.
VTC-2. Vehicle Tracking Control with Construction Mat or Turf Reinforcement Mat. This type of
control may be appropriate for site access at very small construction sites with low traffic volume over
vegetated areas. Although this application does not typically remove sediment from vehicles, it helps
protect existing vegetation and provides a stabilized entrance.
Vehicle Tracking Control
Functions
Erosion Control Moderate
Sediment Control Yes
Site/Material Management Yes
SM-4 Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC)
VTC-2 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Photograph VTC-2. A vehicle tracking control pad with wheel wash
facility. Photo courtesy of Tom Gore.
VTC-3. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit with Wheel Wash. This is an aggregate pad, similar
to VTC-1, but includes equipment for tire washing. The wheel wash equipment may be as simple as
hand-held power washing equipment to more advance proprietary systems. When a wheel wash is
provided, it is important to direct wash water to a sediment trap prior to discharge from the site.
Vehicle tracking controls are sometimes installed in combination with a sediment trap to treat runoff.
Maintenance and Removal
Inspect the area for degradation and
replace aggregate or material used for a
stabilized entrance/exit as needed. If the
area becomes clogged and ponds water,
remove and dispose of excess sediment
or replace material with a fresh layer of
aggregate as necessary.
With aggregate vehicle tracking controls,
ensure rock and debris from this area do
not enter the public right-of-way.
Remove sediment that is tracked onto the
public right of way daily or more
frequently as needed. Excess sediment
in the roadway indicates that the
stabilized construction entrance needs
maintenance.
Ensure that drainage ditches at the
entrance/exit area remain clear.
A stabilized entrance should be removed only when there is no longer the potential for vehicle tracking to
occur. This is typically after the site has been stabilized.
When wheel wash equipment is used, be sure that the wash water is discharged to a sediment trap prior to
discharge. Also inspect channels conveying the water from the wash area to the sediment trap and
stabilize areas that may be eroding.
When a construction entrance/exit is removed, excess sediment from the aggregate should be removed
and disposed of appropriately. The entrance should be promptly stabilized with a permanent surface
following removal, typically by paving.
Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC) SM-4
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District VTC-3
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
SM-4 Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC)
VTC-4 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC) SM-4
November 2010 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District VTC-5
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
SM-4 Vehicle Tracking Control (VTC)
VTC-6 Urban Drainage and Flood Control District November 2010
Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual Volume 3
APPENDIX D
Reporting Chemical Spills in Colorado
REPORTING
ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES
IN COLORADO
Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division
(303) 692-3300
January 2009
Purpose of this Guidance
This guidance is intended to provide an overview of various reporting
requirements for a variety of releases to the environment. Please check all of
the possible requirements for reporting. This guidance does not cover all
potential release scenarios. This guidance is not intended to modify or replace
statutes or regulations, which undergo periodic revisions. In the event of a
conflict between this guidance and statutes or regulations, the statutes and
regulations govern.
Some reporting requirements are complex and overlapping, and this guidance
does not go into details of all situations. If a release situation is not described
in this guidance, or if clarification is desired, please obtain an official
interpretation from the governing agency enforcing the statute or regulation.
i
Table of Contents
Contact Information ...................................................................................................................................... ii
Colorado Environmental Release Reporting..................................................................................................1
A. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)...................1
B. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).................................................3
Reportable Quantities Under CERCLA and EPCRA ............................................................................4
Exceptions and Exclusions.....................................................................................................................5
C. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) ............................................................................7
D. Radiation Control .................................................................................................................................9
E. Clean Water Act ...................................................................................................................................9
F. Safe Drinking Water Act ....................................................................................................................10
G. Clean Air Act .....................................................................................................................................10
H. Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) and Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) ...............................11
I. Hazardous Materials Transportation....................................................................................................12
J. Oil and Gas Exploration and Production.............................................................................................15
K. Polychlorinated Biphenyls .................................................................................................................16
Abbreviations & Definitions........................................................................................................................17
ii
Contact Information
Release Reporting Numbers
National Response Center (NRC) 1 (800) 424-8802
24-hour reporting
Colorado Environmental Release and Incident Reporting Line 1 (877) 518-5608
24-hour reporting
Radiation Incident Reporting Line (303) 877-9757
24-hour reporting
Colorado State Patrol (303) 239-4501
24-hour reporting
US EPA Region 8 Emergency Response Spill Report Line 1 (800) 227-8914
24-hour reporting
Division of Oil and Public Safety (Dept. of Labor and Employment) (303) 318-8547
Fax (303) 318-8546
Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (Dept. of Natural Resources) (303) 894-2100
Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety (Dept. of Natural Resources) (303) 866-3567
Colorado Public Utilities Commission Gas Pipeline Safety Section (303) 894-2851
(Dept. of Regulatory Agencies)
Local Emergency Planning Committee (Dept. of Local Affairs) (720) 852-6603
Business hours only - to obtain a list of LEPC contacts
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Mailing Address:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246-1530
Office Hours:
Monday – Friday, except holidays 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
Environmental Divisions
Air Pollution Control Division (303) 692-3100
Website http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/
Email comments.apcd@state.co.us
Consumer Protection Division (303) 692-3620
Website http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/cp/
Email comments.cpd@state.co.us
Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division (303) 692-3300
Website http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/
Email comments.hmwmd@state.co.us
Water Quality Control Division (303) 692-3500
Website http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/
Email comments.wqcd@state.co.us
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Colorado Environmental Release Reporting
Additional reporting requirements
may be found in permits, licenses,
registrations, contingency and
pollution prevention plans, fire
codes, and local ordinances.
When a release of a hazardous material or other substance occurs to the environment, there are a
number of reporting and notification requirements that must be followed by the company or
individual responsible for the release. Environmental releases must be reported to the appropriate
authorities so that necessary response actions are taken in a timely fashion to ensure maximum
protection of human health and the environment.
However, taking appropriate and timely response actions
do not relieve you of your responsibility to report a release.
In addition, the responsible party is always liable for any
damages that may result from a release, and is responsible
for appropriate clean up actions whether or not the release
is required to be reported.
There is no penalty for over-reporting, but there are for failing to report a release. If you are unsure
if a release needs to be reported, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (the
Department) recommends that releases be reported immediately even if the quantity of the release
has not yet been determined. Your follow-up report will provide details that explain why the
release was or was not reportable.
“Release” includes any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging,
injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment, including abandonment
or discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing any hazardous
substance, pollutant, or contaminant.
Most spills and releases are
covered by more than one
reporting requirement, and all
requirements must be met.
"Environment" is generally defined as any surface water, ground water, drinking water supply, land
surface, subsurface strata, or ambient air. Releases into containment devices and those completely
contained within a building or other structure are not releases into the environment as long as the
hazardous substance does not volatilize into the ambient air or
otherwise have the potential to enter the environment (e.g.,
through the floor or cracks in the floor). Releases of a substance
into a storm drain or sewer, or onto a parking lot or roadway, are
considered to be releases to the environment.
Release reporting requirements are based on the type of material released and/or the situation under
which the release occurred. Additional reporting requirements may be found in permits, licenses,
registrations, contingency and pollution prevention plans, fire codes, and local ordinances. Please
check all of the possible requirements for reporting. Most spills and releases are covered by more
than one reporting requirement, and ALL requirements must be met. Enforcement action may be
taken against those who fail to provide required notifications or reports.
A. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA)
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known
as Superfund or CERCLA, provided broad Federal authority to respond directly to releases or
threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment.
This Act also enabled revision of the National Contingency Plan, which provides the guidelines and
1
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
procedures needed to respond to releases and threatened releases of hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants.
Under CERCLA, the US EPA was directed to establish reporting quantities for all hazardous
substances. The term "hazardous substance" is defined in CERCLA Section 101(14). These are
defined by reference to substances that are listed or designated under other environmental statutes.
They include:
all hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) listed under Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act (CAA).
Radio-nuclides are hazardous substances because EPA designated them generically as
hazardous air pollutants under Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act. Even though the source
of their listing is the Clean Air Act, releases of radionuclides to all media, not just to air, are
covered by CERCLA's reporting requirements.
toxic pollutants that are subject to pretreatment standards under Section 307(a) of the Clean
Water Act (CWA) and toxic pollutants that present an imminent danger to public health
when discharged to waters of the United States as designated under Section 311(b)(2)(A) of
the Clean Water Act. All Clean Water Act hazardous substances are CERCLA hazardous
substances, but only some CERCLA hazardous substances are Clean Water Act hazardous
substances.
wastes that are regulated as listed and/or characteristic
hazardous wastes under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). This includes thousands of
hazardous wastes that are not specifically listed but that
exhibit one or more of the characteristics of ignitability,
reactivity, corrosivity or toxicity. A material is
considered to be a release of a CERCLA hazardous
substance if the material was a waste prior to release, or if
the substance is not cleaned up for reuse and thus must be
disposed of as a RCRA hazardous waste after release.
Report releases at or above
the reportable quantity (RQ)
within 24 hours:
Hazardous air pollutants
under Section 112(b) of
Clean Air Act
Toxic pollutants under
Section 307(a) or under
Section 311(b)(2)(A) of
Clean Water Act
RCRA hazardous wastes
Elements, compounds or
substances under Section
102 of CERCLA
any element, compound, mixture solution or substance
designated under Section 102 of CERCLA that may
present substantial danger to public health or welfare or
the environment.
any imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture that EPA has taken action against
under Section 7 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Any hazardous chemical
substance or mixture that EPA has taken action against under this Act would automatically
become a hazardous substance. To date, EPA hasn't designated any hazardous substances
under the Toxic Substances Control Act.
The person in charge of a facility or vessel must immediately report a release to the National
Response Center (NRC) as soon as they have knowledge of a release to the environment of a
CERCLA hazardous substance at or above the reportable quantity assigned to that substance within
a 24-hour period. If the release is a mixture or solution of hazardous substances, it must be reported
if the reportable quantity for any hazardous constituents is met or exceeded. If the responsible party
doesn't know the quantity of one or more of the hazardous constituents contained in a mixture or
solution, they must report the release if the total amount of the mixture or solution released equals
or exceeds the reportable quantity for the hazardous constituent with the lowest reportable quantity.
Reporting is also required if a non-CERCLA substance is released into the environment and rapidly
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 40 CFR Part 302. A list of CERCLA
hazardous substances is included in Table 302.4 of these regulations.
B. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 reauthorized the Comprehensive
Response, Compensation and Liability Act to continue cleanup activities around the country.
Several amendments, definitions, clarifications and technical requirements were added to the
legislation, including additional enforcement authorities. Title III of the Superfund Amendments
also authorized the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), which
established the community's right to information about the chemicals that are stored, used at and/or
released from local facilities. It also established a framework for developing emergency plans for
responding to releases and reporting requirements for facilities.
A list of EPCRA threshold
planning quantities (TPQ) is
included in 40 CFR Part
355 Appendices A & B.
Under this Act, owners or operators of facilities at which a
hazardous substance or extremely hazardous substance is produced,
used or stored must provide immediate notification to the National
Response Center (NRC), the State Emergency Response
Commission (SERC) and the affected Local Emergency Planning
Committee (LEPC) when there is a release of a hazardous substance or extremely hazardous
substance with the potential to affect off-site persons that equals or exceeds its reportable quantity
within a 24-hour period. If the release is an EPCRA extremely hazardous substance, but not a
CERCLA hazardous substance, then only the SERC and LEPC need to be notified. Note – there
may be more than one SERC and/or LEPC potentially affected by a release. Don’t wait until there
is a release to contact the SERC and LEPC(s) to ensure that the correct contacts will be made in the
event of a spill. For a list of LEPCs, contact the Colorado Department of Local Affairs.
The owner or operator of the facility must report a release as soon as they know about it. In
addition to immediate telephone notification, the responsible party must also send a follow-up
written report as soon as practicable after the release to both the State Emergency Response
Commission (in this case, to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment) and the
Local Emergency Planning Committee. This report must describe the release, associated response
actions taken, and any known or anticipated health risks associated with the release.
A table of CERCLA reportable quantities
(RQ) isincludedin40CFRSection 302.4.
Although EPCRA requires notification only for
releases that have the potential to affect persons beyond
the facility boundary, EPA and the Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment strongly encourage facilities to report onsite releases
if there is ANY potential for the release to migrate offsite. The burden of proof is on the facility to
show that any release into the environment of a reportable quantity or more of a hazardous
substance or extremely hazardous substance has NO POTENTIAL for offsite migration (e.g., via
groundwater, the wind or getting tracked offsite by workers and vehicles).
The State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) in Colorado is called the Colorado
Emergency Planning Commission (CEPC). It consists of representatives of the Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment – Hazardous Materials and Waste Management
Division, the Colorado Department of Local Affairs – Colorado Division of Emergency
Management and the Division of Local Government, the Colorado Department of Public Safety –
3
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Fire Safety Division, and the Colorado State Patrol. The Commission also includes representatives
of affected industries, local governments, public interest or community groups and the Local
Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) community. The Colorado Department of Public Health
and Environment represents the Commission for reporting purposes.
Reportable Quantities Under CERCLA and EPCRA
All reportable quantities are listed in pounds (except radionuclides, which are in curies). Congress
established a one pound reportable quantity for all hazardous substances and extremely hazardous
substances until EPA could evaluate each substance and adjust the reportable quantity to a level
more appropriate for the substance. During this assessment, each hazardous substance was
evaluated for six primary criteria: aquatic toxicity, mammalian toxicity, ignitability, reactivity,
chronic toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Reportable quantities for CERCLA hazardous
substances are listed in 40 CFR Section 302.4.
EPCRA extremely hazardous substances that are also hazardous substances under CERCLA have
the same reportable quantity that is applicable under CERCLA. If not also listed as a CERCLA
hazardous substance, extremely hazardous substances have a reportable quantity equal to the
EPCRA threshold planning quantity (TPQ) for that substance. The threshold planning quantity is
the quantity designated for each chemical in 40 CFR Part 355 Appendices A and B that triggers
notification by facilities to the State Emergency Response Commission that those facilities are
subject to emergency planning requirements.
For convenience, reportable quantities for hazardous substances and extremely hazardous
substances can also be found in the EPA List of Lists (EPA 550-B-01-003). Bear in mind that
because this document is only updated periodically, it may not contain recently added substances.
EPCRA extremely hazardous substances that
are also CERCLA hazardous substances have
the same RQ as under CERCLA.
EPCRA extremely hazardous substances that
are not listed under CERCLA have an RQ
equal to their TPQ under EPCRA.
All concurrent releases of the same substance from a single facility must be combined to determine
if a reportable quantity has been met or exceeded. Releases of different substances from a single
facility should not be combined for purposes of determining if the releases need to be reported.
Rather, each substance should be evaluated separately to determine if one or more reportable
quantities have been met or exceeded. For example, spilling a mixture containing half the
reportable quantity of one hazardous substance and
half the reportable quantity of another hazardous
substance does not trigger the reporting
requirement. Releases from separate facilities
should be treated as separate releases and should
not be combined to determine if a reportable
quantity has been met or exceeded.
Mixtures
Most hazardous substances and extremely hazardous substances are not used or stored in pure form,
but are mixtures or solutions. If a mixture of hazardous substances or extremely hazardous
substances is released and the concentration of all hazardous substances and extremely hazardous
substances in the mixture is known, then you must calculate the amount of each hazardous
substance and extremely hazardous substance that has been released. If there is more than one
hazardous substance or extremely hazardous substance in a mixture, you must check the reportable
quantity for each substance. The release must be reported if the reportable quantity for any
4
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
hazardous substance or extremely hazardous substance has been met or exceeded. If the
concentrations of the hazardous substances or extremely hazardous substances in the mixture are
not known, then the release must be reported when the total amount of the mixture released equals
or exceeds the reportable quantity for the constituent with the lowest reportable quantity.
Radionuclides
Releases of radionuclides in a mixture are additive. These releases are subject to reporting:
if each radionuclide in a released mixture or solution is known, then the ratio between the
quantity released and the reportable quantity for the radionuclide must be determined for
each radionuclide. If the sum of the ratios for the radionuclides in the mixture or solution
released is equal to or greater than one, it must be reported.
if all of the radionuclides in the mixture are known but the quantity released of one or more
of the radionuclides is unknown, it must be reported if the total quantity released is equal to
or greater than the lowest reportable quantity of any one radionuclide in the mixture.
if one or more radionuclides in the mixture is unknown, it must be reported if the total
quantity released is equal to or greater than either one curie or the lowest reportable quantity
of any of the known radionuclides in the mixture (whichever is lower).
Exceptions and Exclusions
Petroleum Products
A release of a petroleum product
containing a reportable quantity of
an EPCRA extremely hazardous
substance is reportable.
Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA),
petroleum products are excluded from the definition of hazardous substance. "Petroleum product"
includes crude oil, any fraction of crude oil that is not specifically listed as a hazardous substance,
natural and synthetic gases, and mixtures of natural and synthetic gases. EPA interprets petroleum
as including those amounts of hazardous substances, like
benzene, that are indigenous to crude oil or its fractions or
that are normally added during the refining process.
Hazardous substances added to the petroleum or increased
in concentration solely as a result of contamination during
use are not included in the petroleum exclusion.
Unlike the petroleum exclusion under CERCLA, extremely hazardous substances that are naturally
occurring in petroleum products or that are normally added during refining are subject to reporting
under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). Therefore, a release
of a petroleum product containing a reportable quantity of one or more extremely hazardous
substances is reportable to the Colorado Emergency Planning Commission (CERC) and the Local
Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) if a reportable quantity is met or exceeded.
Note: releases of oil and petroleum to water are also covered
under the Clean Water Act (Section E of this document).
Releases of petroleum from regulated storage tanks are covered
under the Colorado storage tank regulations (Section H of this
document).
The responsible party is always
responsible for appropriate clean
up actions whether or not the
release is required to be reported.
5
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Metals
Under normal handling and use, solid forms of most metals present few health hazards. Metal fines
and metal dust may cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory system, and fine particles of
certain metals, including antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
selenium, silver, thallium, or zinc, dispersed in the air can be an explosion and/or health hazard.
EPA has determined that releases of these metals with particles larger than 100 micrometers would
not normally require response action due to the unlikely inhalation of such large particles.
However, notification of the release of a reportable quantity of antimony, arsenic, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, or zinc is required if the mean
diameter of the particles released is less than 100 micrometers (0.004 inches). An exception to this
is a release of a metal classified as a radionuclide, which does not qualify for this exemption even if
the particles meet the size criteria.
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides
Notification of the release of naturally occurring radionuclides from large land holdings, like parks
or golf courses, is not required. EPA broadened this exemption to include land containing ore
reserves even if the undisturbed ores contain elevated natural concentrations of radionuclides, and
to land disturbance activities including farming, construction, and disturbance incidental to
extraction activities at all mines except uranium, phosphate, tin, zircon, hafnium, vanadium,
monazite, and rare earth mines. Land disturbance incidental to extraction activities includes land
clearing, overburden removal and stockpiling, and excavating, handling, transporting and storing
ores and other raw materials. Land disturbance incidental to extraction also includes replacing
materials in mined-out areas as long as those materials have not been processed and don't contain
elevated radionuclide concentrations. Notification of the release of naturally occurring
radionuclides from sites where coal and coal ash (fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag) are stored or
disposed is also not required.
Federally Permitted Releases
Releases that are regulated under one or more of the following programs are exempt from CERCLA
and EPCRA reporting requirements:
permitted discharges under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES);
permitted dredge and fill discharges under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act;
permitted and interim status hazardous waste units under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act;
permitted discharges under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act;
permitted injection of fluids under the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program in
accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act;
air emissions subject to permit or control regulations under the Clean Air Act;
permitted or allowed injection of fluids to develop crude oil or natural gas supplies;
discharges of contaminants to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) if in compliance
with pretreatment requirements under the Clean Water Act;
releases of certain nuclear materials if in compliance with a license, permit, regulation or
order issued in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act.
Registered Pesticides
The normal application of a pesticide product registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) is exempt from CERCLA and EPCRA reporting. This exemption
includes the handling and storage of the product by an agricultural producer, but does not include
6
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
any spills of the pesticide. Pesticide spills are reportable if the amount spilled meets or exceeds the
reportable quantity.
Continuous Releases
A continuous release is a release that occurs without interruption or abatement or that is routine,
anticipated, intermittent, and incidental to normal operations or treatment processes. When a
release of this type occurs, officials do not have to be notified each time. Instead, the facility can
report it as a continuous release to the National Response Center, the Colorado Emergency Planning
Commission and the Local Emergency Planning Committee(s) by telephone. This should be
followed by a written report submitted to EPA Region 8, the Colorado Department of Public Health
and Environment and the Local Emergency Planning Committee within 30 days of the initial
telephone call. The written report should provide information about the source, composition, and
normal range of the release. Periodic follow-up reports may also be required. Any release that
exceeds the normal range (called a “statistically significant increase”) must be reported immediately
to the National Response Center, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and
the Local Emergency Planning Committee as if they were new release events. The normal range is
determined by the amount of a hazardous substance released over any 24-hour period under normal
operating conditions during the preceding year. Only releases that are both continuous and stable in
quantity and rate can be included in the normal range.
Continuous release of an extremely hazardous substance that is not a CERCLA hazardous substance
need only be reported to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and the Local
Emergency Planning Committee. A written report should also be sent to these two agencies within
30 days and any statistically significant increases in the release should be reported to both agencies.
Periodic follow-up reports may also be required.
C. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
All Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) listed and characteristic hazardous wastes
are designated as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). For more information on listed and characteristic
hazardous wastes, please review the Hazardous Waste Identification Guidance Document from the
Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division (http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/hm/hwid.pfd).
The reportable quantity for F- and K-listed hazardous wastes is based on the hazardous waste code.
If the composition and concentrations of all included constituents is not known, the reportable
quantity would be as listed for the waste code in 40 CFR Section 302.4. If the waste is analyzed
and the concentrations of ALL of its hazardous constituents are identified, then reportable quantities
of the specific constituents can be used to determine when reporting is required. For example, if a
release of an F005 listed hazardous waste occurred and the concentrations of the constituents
making up the waste were unknown, the reportable quantity would be 100 pounds. If it were known
that the F005 waste was comprised of 50% toluene (reportable quantity 1000 pounds) and 50%
methyl ethyl ketone (reportable quantity 5000 pounds), then the release would be reported when
2000 pounds of the mixture were released. [Since the reportable quantity for toluene is less than
that for methyl ethyl ketone, the amount of toluene released will determine when the release must
be reported. Since the mixture is 50% toluene, it would take 2000 pounds of the mixture to meet
the reportable quantity of 1000 pounds for toluene.]
7
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
P- and U-listed hazardous wastes are reported based on the reportable quantity for the hazardous
substance that the waste is listed for. For example, the reportable quantity for hazardous waste code
U122 (formaldehyde) is 100 pounds. For the purposes of release reporting, it doesn't matter if the
formaldehyde is used or unused or is the "sole active ingredient" in order to be reportable. (Related
note: Colorado's hazardous waste regulations (6 CCR 1007-3) do not include the footnote regarding
sole active ingredients. In Colorado, chemicals may have more than one active ingredient and still
meet the listing description.)
All RCRA listed and characteristic
hazardous wastes are designated
as hazardous substances under
CERCLA.
Unlisted hazardous wastes exhibiting the characteristics of
ignitability, corrosivity and/or reactivity have a reportable
quantity of 100 pounds unless the concentrations of all the
constituents in the waste are known. If the waste is analyzed
and the concentrations of ALL its hazardous constituents are
identified, the reportable quantities of the specific constituents should be used to determine when
reporting is required. For example, a corrosive-only waste of unknown composition has a
reportable quantity of 100 pounds. If the waste is analyzed to determine that it was a 50% solution
of hydrochloric acid in water, then the reportable quantity of the solution would be 10,000 pounds.
[The reportable quantity for hydrochloric acid is 5000 pounds. Therefore it would take 10,000
pounds of the 50% solution to meet the reportable quantity for hydrochloric acid.]
Unlisted hazardous wastes that exhibit toxicity have reportable quantities specific to the constituent
on which the characteristic of toxicity is based. The reportable quantity applies to the waste itself,
not just to the toxic contaminant. If an unlisted hazardous waste exhibits toxicity on the basis of
more than one contaminant, the reportable quantity for the waste is the lowest of the reportable
quantities for those contaminants. For example, if a waste exhibits toxicity characteristics for the
heavy metals lead (D008) and selenium (D010), with reportable quantities of 10 and 100 pounds
respectively, the reportable quantity would be 10 pounds of the waste, or the lower of the two
reportable quantities. If a waste exhibits a toxicity characteristic and one or more other hazardous
waste characteristics, the reportable quantity for that waste is the lowest of the applicable reportable
quantities.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 40 CFR Part 302.
Permitted and Interim Status Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities and Large
Quantity Generators of Hazardous Waste
Large quantity generators of hazardous waste and hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal
facilities (TSDF) are required to have and implement a contingency plan that describes the actions
facility personnel must take in response to fires, explosions, or any unplanned sudden or non-
sudden release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil, surface water or
groundwater at the facility. Whenever there is an imminent or actual emergency situation,
appropriate State and local agencies with designated response roles as described in the contingency
plan must be notified immediately. Appropriate local authorities and the National Response Center
or government official designated as the regional on-scene coordinator must be notified
immediately if the facility's emergency coordinator determines that the facility has had a release,
fire, or explosion that could threaten human health or the environment outside the facility. A
treatment, storage, and disposal facility's permit generally requires reporting to the Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment – Hazardous Materials and Waste Management
Division of any release, fire or explosion, even if the amount of the release is less than an otherwise
reportable quantity.
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
The Department and local authorities must be notified when the facility is back in compliance and
ready to resume operations. In addition, the facility must send a written report to both the EPA
Regional Administrator and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment within 15
days of any incident that requires implementation of the facility contingency plan.
In the case of a release of hazardous waste stored in tanks, the facility must notify the Hazardous
Materials and Waste Management Division within 24 hours of a release to the environment of more
than one pound. A leak or spill of hazardous waste that is less than or equal to one pound from a
tank or tank system does not need to be reported if the release is immediately contained and cleaned
up. Within 30 days of the release, a written report must be submitted to the Division.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 6 CCR 1007-3 Sections 264.56 and
265.56 and Sections 264.196(d) and 265.196(d).
D. Radiation Control
Releases of radionuclides are
reportable under CERCLA.
The state of Colorado has specific reporting requirements for stolen, lost or missing licensed or
registered sources of radiation. Each licensee or registrant must report to the Colorado Department
of Public Health and Environment by telephone in the event of lost, stolen or missing licensed or
registered radioactive materials, a lost, stolen, or missing radiation machine, releases of radioactive
materials, contamination events, and fires or explosions involving radioactive materials. Incidents
should be reported to the Radiation Incident Reporting Line. Based on the severity of the event,
notification may be required immediately, within 24 hours or within 30 days. A follow-up written
report must also be submitted to the Department within 30
days of initial notification. The licensee must also report any
additional substantive information regarding a loss or theft
incident within 30 days after learning of such information.
These release and notification requirements are contained in 6 CCR 1007-1 Sections 4.51 - 4.53.
E. Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires the person in charge of a facility or vessel to make an
immediate report to the National Response Center of discharges of harmful quantities of oil to
navigable waters as soon as they have knowledge of the release. In this case, oil means oil of any
kind or in any form including, but not limited to, petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil
mixed with wastes other than dredged spoil. Discharges of oil that violate applicable water quality
standards and those that cause a film, sheen or discoloration of the surface of the water or adjoining
shorelines, or cause a sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water or on
adjoining shorelines must be reported. In effect, this means that any discharge of oil to waters of
the United States must be reported to the National Response Center. These release and notification
requirements are contained in 40 CFR Part 110.
The Clean Water Act (CWA) also requires the person in charge of a facility or vessel to report to
the National Response Center the discharge of a designated hazardous substance from the vessel or
facility to waters of the United States in quantities that equal or exceed the reportable quantity as
soon as they have knowledge of the release. Under the Act, the US EPA was directed to establish
reporting quantities for all hazardous substances listed in Table 116.4 A and B (40 CFR Part 116),
which were designated as hazardous substances in accordance with Section 311(b)(2)(A) of the
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Clean Water Act. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates as well as any solutions and
mixtures containing these substances. Each of these substances is included in the CERCLA list of
hazardous substances (40 CFR Part 302 Table 302.4) and is assigned the reportable quantity listed
in Table 302.4 for that substance. These release and notification requirements are contained in 40
CFR Parts 116 and 117.
Under the Clean Water Act, anyone that has a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit must report to the National Response Center within 24 hours of becoming aware
of any unanticipated bypasses or upsets that cause an exceedance of the effluent limits in their
permit and any violation of their maximum daily discharge limits for any pollutant listed in the
permit. A written report must be provided within five days. Other instances of noncompliance
must be reported when monitoring reports are submitted.
The Clean Water Act also requires all industrial users of Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs) to notify their treatment plant immediately if they have a discharge that could cause
problems at the treatment plant.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 40 CFR Parts 122 and 403.
State Requirements
A spill of any chemical, oil, petroleum product, sewage, etc., which may enter waters of the state of
Colorado (which include surface water, ground water, and dry gullies and storm sewers leading to
surface water) must be reported immediately to the Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment. Any accidental discharge to the sanitary sewer system must be reported immediately
to the local sewer authority and the affected wastewater treatment plant. If a release occurs at a
mining operation, the Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety should also be notified.
For more information regarding State reporting requirements under 25-8-601(2) CRS, please refer
to the “Guidance for Reporting Spills under the Colorado Water Quality Control Act and Colorado
Discharge Permits” adopted by the Water Quality Control Division. This policy is available at
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/wqcc/Resources/Guidance/spillguidance.pdf.
F. Safe Drinking Water Act
The owner or operator of a public water system (community water systems, non-transient non-
community water systems, and transient non-community water systems) must immediately report
any credible threat to the water supply system to the Colorado Environmental Release and Incident
Reporting Line and to the local emergency manager. The local emergency manager may be the
county sheriff or a member of the fire department. A list of local emergency managers is available
from the Colorado Department of Local Affairs.
G. Clean Air Act
Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) listed in Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) are designated
as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Hazardous air pollutants are known or suspected to cause cancer or other
serious health effects or adverse environmental effects. Health effects can include immunological,
neurological, reproductive, developmental, and respiratory problems. In some cases, hazardous air
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
pollutants can be deposited onto soils or other surfaces, where they are taken in by plants and
animals and can accumulate in organic tissue or pass up the food chain due to the inability of
organisms to process the substance.
The release (or air emission) of a hazardous air pollutant that is allowed and less than any limit
specified in a facility's air permit is considered to be a federally permitted release. If the facility
releases more than is allowed under its air permit within a 24 hour period, the facility must report
the release if the quantity released exceeded the facility's permitted level by a reportable quantity or
more. For example, if a facility has an air permit that allows the release of 30 pounds of a
hazardous substance and that substance has a reportable quantity of 100 pounds, the facility would
have to report all releases of 130 pounds or more of that substance. Releases of less than 130
pounds would not need to be reported under CERCLA or EPCRA because even though the facility
exceeded its permit limit, the amount released did not exceed the permitted level by its reportable
quantity (in this case, 100 pounds) or more. If the air permit does not allow or does not specify the
release of a hazardous air pollutant, then releases in excess of the CERCLA / EPCRA reportable
quantity for that substance must be reported. Please be aware that other reporting requirements are
triggered, however, based on the facility's air permit. The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires that
permits for stationary air sources have language requiring prompt reporting of any emergencies,
upsets and deviations from what is allowed in the permit. Releases must be reported to the National
Response Center and to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Contact the
Air Pollution Control Division for details on additional air-related requirements that may also apply.
Hazardous air pollutants are included in the CERCLA list of hazardous substances in 40 CFR Part
302 and are assigned the reportable quantity listed in Table 302.4 for each substance.
State Requirements
In the case of excess emissions during an emergency or malfunction, the owner or operator must
notify the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment as soon as possible, but no later
than noon of the next working day, and provide a written follow-up report to the Air Pollution
Control Division by the end of the facility’s next reporting period.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 5 CCR 1001-2 Section II.E and 5
CCR 1001-5, Regulation 3 Part C, Section VII.C.
H. Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) and Aboveground Storage Tanks
(ASTs)
The reportable quantity for petroleum
from a regulated storage tank system
is 25 gallons.
Owners and operators of regulated storage tank systems
must report a release or suspected release of regulated
substances to the Division of Oil and Public Safety at the
Colorado Department of Labor and Employment within 24
hours by telephone or facsimile. If outside normal working hours or on a weekend or holiday and
emergency assistance is needed, the release can be reported to the Colorado Environmental Release
and Incident Reporting line at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Any
suspected release or release of unknown quantity is a reportable quantity unless the owner/operator
can conclusively show the release is less than the reportable quantity for the released substance.
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Under this program, the reportable quantity for petroleum releases is 25 gallons or more from
regulated aboveground and underground storage tank systems, or any amount that causes a sheen on
nearby surface water. This is interpreted to include releases from fuel pumps and fuel delivery
trucks while connected to the petroleum storage tank system. Releases of less than 25 gallons from
regulated petroleum storage tank systems, or a release of a hazardous substance that is less than the
CERCLA reportable quantity, do not need to be reported to the Division of Oil and Public Safety if
they are immediately contained and cleaned up. If cleanup cannot be accomplished within 24
hours, the Division of Oil and Public Safety must be notified immediately.
Spills or releases of hazardous substances in excess of the CERCLA reportable quantity from
regulated underground storage tanks must also be reported to the National Response Center and the
local fire authority immediately. Any release, regardless of quantity, that has or may impact waters
of the state (including surface water, groundwater, dry gullies leading to surface water or storm
sewers) must also be reported to the Colorado Environmental Release and Incident Reporting line
immediately.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 7 CCR 1101-14 Article 4, 8-20.5-208
CRS and 25-8-601 CRS.
I. Hazardous Materials Transportation
Highway, Aircraft, Rail and Vessel
Federal hazardous materials transportation regulations cover the transportation of hazardous
materials by highway, aircraft, rail, and vessel. Transportation includes activities related to
transportation like loading, unloading, and temporary storage. "Hazardous material" includes
hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, elevated temperature materials as
defined in 49 CFR Section 171.8, materials designated as hazardous in the Hazardous Materials
Table in 49 CFR Section 172.101 and materials that meet the criteria for hazardous classes and
division in 49 CFR Part 173.
The person in physical possession of the hazardous material during transportation must notify the
National Response Center as soon as practical, but not more than 12 hours after an incident, if as a
direct result of a hazardous material:
a person is killed or is injured and requires hospitalization,
there is an evacuation of the general public that lasts more than an hour,
a major transportation artery or facility is shut down for an hour or more,
the operational flight pattern or routine of an aircraft is altered,
there is fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination involving a radioactive material,
there is fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination involving an infectious
substance other than a regulated medical waste,
there is a release of a marine pollutant in a quantity exceeding 119 gallons for liquids or 882
pounds for solids,
or any situation that, in the judgment of the person in possession of the hazardous material,
should be reported even though it doesn't meet the above criteria.
Notice of incidents involving an infectious substance may be given to the Director of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (1-800-232-0124) instead of notifying the National Response
Center.
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
The person in possession of the hazardous material at the time of the incident must submit a written
report within 30 days of the incident to the US Department of Transportation. In addition, a written
report must be submitted if there is an unintentional release of a hazardous material or the discharge
of any quantity of hazardous waste even though verbal notification may not be required. If the
incident involves air transportation, a copy of the report must also be submitted to the Federal
Aviation Administration Security Field Office nearest the location of the incident.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 49 CFR Sections 171.15 and 171.16.
State Requirements
The State also has specific requirements for reporting incidents involving hazardous materials or
nuclear materials as cargo during transportation. The driver of a motor vehicle involved in a spill of
hazardous material from a fuel tank that provides fuel for the vehicle and/or equipment on that
vehicle must immediately notify the nearest law enforcement agency. The driver of a vehicle
transporting nuclear or hazardous materials as cargo that is involved in a spill, or an incident which
may result in a potential spill, must immediately notify the nearest law enforcement agency. As
soon as possible after the initial notification of the spill or incident to the nearest law enforcement
agency, the driver or a company representative must notify the Colorado State Patrol and the 24-
hour Colorado Environmental Release and Incident Reporting Line. In addition, the driver of a
motor vehicle transporting nuclear materials as cargo must immediately notify the Colorado State
Patrol if the vehicle is involved in a crash, whether or not there is damage to the vehicle.
Report releases along a highway to the
National Response Center, nearest local
law enforcement agency, Colorado State
Patrol, and Colorado Environmental
Release and Incident Reporting Line.
If the incident involves the release of hazardous
waste, the transporter must notify the Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment and
report the ultimate disposition of the waste to the
Department in addition to the notifications above. In
the event of a spill of hazardous waste at a transfer
facility, the transporter must notify the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
within 24 hours of a spill exceeding 55 gallons or if there is a fire or explosion. A written report
must be sent to the Department within 15 days after the incident.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 8 CCR 1507-25 Parts I and IV and 6
CCR 1007-3 Part 263.
Pipelines
In Colorado, the US Department of Transportation Office of Pipeline Safety inspects, regulates, and
enforces interstate gas pipeline safety requirements. They also inspect, regulate, and enforce both
intra- and interstate liquid pipeline safety requirements in this state. Through certification by the
Office of Pipeline Safety, the Gas Pipeline Safety Division of the Colorado Public Utilities
Commission regulates, inspects, and enforces intrastate gas pipeline safety requirements. Pipeline
facilities include transmission, distribution, regulated gathering, master metered, liquefied natural
gas, and propane gas systems. Be aware that these regulations are primarily for pipeline safety. Be
sure to review other environmental release reporting requirements.
Hazardous Liquids and Carbon Dioxide
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Federal hazardous materials transportation regulations cover the transportation of hazardous liquids
and carbon dioxide by pipeline. In this case, hazardous liquid is limited to petroleum, petroleum
products, and anhydrous ammonia in a non-gaseous state. Petroleum includes crude oil,
condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, and liquefied petroleum gas. Petroleum product
includes flammable, toxic or corrosive products obtained from distilling and processing of crude oil,
unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, blend stocks, and other miscellaneous hydrocarbon compounds.
As early as practicable following discovery of a release of a hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide
from a pipeline system, the operator must notify the National Response Center by telephone if:
a person is killed or is injured and requires hospitalization,
there is a fire or explosion not intentionally set by the operator,
there is estimated property damage (including cost of cleanup and recovery, value of lost
product, and damage to property) exceeding $50,000,
there is pollution of any stream, river, reservoir, or other body of water that violated
applicable water quality standards, caused a discoloration of the surface of the water or
adjoining shoreline, or deposited a sludge or emulsion beneath the surface of the water or
adjoining shoreline, or
there is any situation that, in the judgment of the operator, should be reported even though it
doesn't meet the above criteria.
A written accident report must be submitted to the US Department of Transportation Office of
Pipeline Safety as soon as practicable, but not later than 30 days after discovery of a release. A
supplemental report must be submitted within 30 days if the operator receives any updates or
additions to the information originally reported.
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 49 CFR Part 195.
Natural Gas and Liquefied Natural Gas
Federal hazardous materials transportation regulations also cover the transportation of natural gas
by pipeline and activities occurring at a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility where natural and
synthetic gas are liquefied, transferred or stored.
As early as practicable following discovery of a release of gas from a pipeline or of liquefied natural
gas or gas from a liquefied natural gas facility, but generally not to exceed two hours after
discovery, the operator must notify the National Response Center and the Colorado Public Utilities
Commission Gas Pipeline Safety Section by telephone if:
a person is killed or is injured and requires hospitalization,
there is estimated property damage (including value of lost product and damage to property)
of $50,000 or more,
there is an event that results in an emergency shutdown of a liquefied natural gas facility, or
there is any situation that, in the judgment of the operator, should be reported even though it
doesn't meet the above criteria.
As early as practicable, but not later than 30 days after discovery and verbal report of a release, the
operator must submit a written report to the US Department of Transportation Office of Pipeline
Safety. A supplemental report must be submitted within 30 days if the operator receives relevant
updates or additions to the information originally reported.
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
These notification and reporting requirements are included in 49 CFR Part 191 and 4 CCR 723-4
Sections 4900 - 4914.
State Requirements
If there is a leak on a gas pipeline, a liquefied natural gas system, a master meter system, or a
propane system that results in the evacuation of 50 or more people from a normally occupied
building or results in the closure of a roadway, the operator must contact the Colorado Public
Utilities Commission Gas Pipeline Safety Section by telephone within two hours of discovery.
This notification requirement is contained in 4 CCR 723-4 Section 4911.
J. Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Federal oil and gas lease surface operations are managed by the US Department of the Interior
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in cooperation with the appropriate Federal surface
management agency or non-Federal surface owner. On National Forest System lands, the Forest
Service has approval authority for the surface use portion of Federal oil and gas operations and for
appeals related to Forest Service decisions and approvals. The BLM considers the Bureau of Indian
Affairs to be the surface management agency for all Indian lands unless a Tribe has contracted the
Bureau of Indian Affairs realty function for its lands.
“… All spills or leakages of oil, gas, salt water, toxic liquids or waste materials, blowouts, fires,
personal injuries, and fatalities shall be reported by the operator to the BLM and the surface
management agency in accordance with the requirements of Notice to Lessees NTL-3A; Reporting
of Undesirable Events, and in accordance with any applicable local requirements.
The BLM requires immediate reporting of all Class I major events, such as spills of more than 100
barrels of fluid/500 MCF of gas released; fires that consume 100 bbl or more oil or 500 MCF gas;
life threatening or fatal injury/loss of well control; release of reportable quantities of hazardous
substances; spill, venting, or fire in sensitive areas, such as parks, recreation sites, wildlife refuges,
lakes, reservoirs, streams, and urban or suburban areas” … “Volumes discharged during any of the
above incidents will be estimated as necessary. Operators must take immediate action to prevent
and control spills and the BLM, the surface management agency, and other applicable regulatory
authorities must be consulted prior to treating or disposing of wastes and spills. Operators should
become familiar with local surface management agency requirements for reporting and managing
spills and leaks. …” (BLM “The Gold Book,” Fourth Edition, Revised 2007)
State Requirements
Spills and releases of Exploration and Production (E&P) waste and produced fluids should be
controlled and contained immediately upon discovery. Impacts resulting from spills and releases
should be investigated and cleaned up as soon as practicable.
If there is a spill or release of more than 20 barrels of
E&P waste, it must be verbally reported to the Colorado
Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) as soon
as practicable, but not more than 24 hours after discovery.
If there is a spill or release of any size that impacts or
The rules and regulations for oil and
gas exploration and production have
recently been revised. Most of these
changes become effective May 1,
2009 on federal land and April 1, 2009
on all other land.
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
16
could impact waters of the state, a residence or an occupied structure, livestock or a public byway, it
must be verbally reported to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission as soon as
practicable, but not more than 24 hours after discovery. Spills or releases of any size that impact or
threaten to impact any surface water supply area must be reported to the Colorado Oil and Gas
Conservation Commission and to the Colorado Environmental Release and Incident Reporting Line.
If the release impacts or threatens to impact a surface water intake, it must be verbally reported to
the emergency contact for that facility immediately after discovery. The operator must notify the
affected surface owner or their appointed tenant of all reportable spills as soon as practicable, but
not more than 24 hours after discovery.
Chemical spills and releases must be reported in accordance with all applicable state and federal
laws, including the Emergency Planning and community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Oil
Pollution Act, and the Clean Water Act.
Releases of more than 5 barrels of E&P waste, and all other reportable releases, must also be
reported on COGCC Form 19 and submitted to the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission within 10 days after discovery of the release.
These notification requirements are contained in the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission 900-Series Rules.
K. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are managed under the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Substances with concentrations greater than or equal to 50 parts per million PCBs are regulated
under 40 CFR Part 761, which is implemented by the US Environmental Protection Agency. If a
spill of the substance directly contaminates surface water, sewers, drinking water supplies, grazing
lands, or vegetable gardens and/or the spill exceeds 10 pounds of PCBs by weight, the responsible
party must notify the EPA within 24 hours. In Colorado, contact the Region 8 Emergency Response
Spill Report Line. If the spill involves 10 pounds or less of PCBs and does not involve any of these
resources, the spill must still be cleaned up, but notification to EPA isn't required. Unless
commingled with a hazardous waste, releases of substances containing less than 50 parts per million
PCBs are regulated under Colorado's solid waste regulations 6 CCR 1007-2. The solid waste
regulations do not have specific release reporting requirements at this time.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) has set
the reportable quantity for PCBs at one (1) pound. Any release of oil or other substance containing
greater than or equal to one pound of PCBs must be reported to the National Response Center as
soon as the release is discovered. In addition, if the release impacts waters of the state of Colorado,
the release must be reported as per the Water Quality Control Division’s reporting policy (see
“Guidance for Reporting Spills under the Colorado Water Quality Control Act and Colorado
Discharge Permits”, http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/wqcc/Resources/Guidance/spillguidance.pdf).
Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
Abbreviations & Definitions
CAA – Clean Air Act
CCR – Code of Colorado Regulations
CDPHE – Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
CEPC – Colorado Emergency Planning Commission
CERCLA – Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
CFR – Code of Federal Regulations
CRS – Colorado Revised Statues
CWA – Clean Water Act
EPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPCRA – Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
LEPC – Local Emergency Planning Committee
NRC – National Response Center
RCRA – Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
SERC – State Emergency Response Commission
SDWA – Safe Drinking Water Act
EPA's List of Lists is a compendium of the lists of chemicals subject to reporting requirements
under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and chemicals listed under
section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). Lists are also provided of Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes and radionuclides reportable under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. These lists should be used as reference
tools, not as a definitive source of compliance information. Reporting requirements for the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act are published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),
40 CFR Parts 302 and 355 respectively. Compliance information for the Clean Air Act section
112(r) is published in 40 CFR Part 68. The List of Lists is available on the Internet at
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oswer/lol.nsf/homepage.
Exploration and production (E&P) wastes are associated with operations to locate or remove oil
or gas from the ground or to remove the impurities from oil or gas.
Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) are chemicals that present the most serious hazards
during release (in terms of toxicity, reactivity, volatility, combustibility, and flammability) and are
regulated under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA). The
extremely hazardous substances list consists of approximately 360 substances and is included in
EPA’s List of Lists.
Facility means any building, equipment, structure, installation, containment structure, pipe, other
stationary feature, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft. Facility also includes any site where a
hazardous substance is or has been located.
Hazardous Materials are chemicals posing a hazard to human health or the environment when
transported (49 USC 5103). They include hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine
pollutants, elevated temperature materials, all materials in the Hazardous Materials Table (49 CFR
172.101), and materials meeting the criteria for hazard classes in part 173 of subchapter C of 49
CFR 172.101.
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Reporting Environmental Releases in Colorado January 2009
18
Hazardous Substances are chemicals posing a hazard to human health or the environment and are
regulated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). The hazardous substance list is included in EPA’s List of Lists.
Reportable Quantity (RQ) is a term that applies to the amount of hazardous substances or
extremely hazardous substances released within a 24-hour period. Note that the 24-hour period is
the time frame for measuring the quantity released, not the time frame for reporting a release.
Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ) is a term that applies to the amount of an extremely
hazardous substance that must be present onsite in concentrations greater than 1% by weight of a
compound or mixture at which the facility must meet all emergency planning requirements. If not
also listed as a CERCLA hazardous substance, extremely hazardous substances have a reportable
quantity equal to the threshold planning quantity for that substance.
“Waters of the State of Colorado” are any and all surface waters and subsurface waters
(groundwater) that are contained in or flow in or through the state of Colorado. This includes lakes,
rivers, streams, creeks, wetlands, irrigation ditches, storm drains, livestock ponds, borrow ditches,
and dry gullies. This does not include waters in sewage systems, waters in treatment works of
disposal systems, waters in potable water distribution systems, or water withdrawn for use until use
and treatment have been completed.
APPENDIX F
Inactivation and Reassignment Forms
Colorado Water Quality Control Division Notice of Termination
Construction Stormwater Inactivation Notice
www.coloradowaterpermits.com
Page 1 of 2 form last revised May 2010
Print or type all information. All items must be filled out completely and correctly. If the form is not complete, it
will be returned. All permit terminations dates are effective on the date approved by the Division.
MAIL ORIGINAL FORM WITH INK SIGNATURES TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
Colorado Dept of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
4300 Cherry Creek Dr South, WQCD-P-B2
Denver, CO 80246-1530
FAXED OR EMAILED FORMS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
PART A. IDENTIFICATION OF PERMIT Please write the permit certification number to be terminated
Permit Certification Number (four digits, not “0000”): COR03 __ __ __ __
PART B. PERMITTEE INFORMATION
Company Name
Mailing Address
City State Zip code
Legal Contact Name Phone number
Title Email
PART C. FACILITY/PROJECT INFORMATION
Facility/Project Name
Location (address)
City County Zip code
Local Contact Name Phone number
Title Email
COLORADO WATER QUALITY CONTROL DIVISION NOTICE OF TERMINATION www.coloradowaterpermits.com
Page 2 of 2 form last revised May 2010
PART D. TERMINATION VALIDATION CRITERIA
One of the criteria (1,2, or 3) below must be met, the appropriate box checked, and the required
additional information provided. Part E includes a certification that the criteria indicated has been met.
1: FINALLY STABILIZED OR CONSTRUCTION NOT STARTED - The permitted activities covered under the
certification listed in Part A meet the requirements for FINAL STABILIZATION in accordance with the permit, the
Stormwater Management Plan, and as described below. This criterion should also be selected if construction was never
started and no land was disturbed, and an explanation of this condition provided in the description below.
Final stabilization is reached when: all ground surface disturbing activities at the site have been completed including
removal of all temporary erosion and sediment control measure, and uniform vegetative cover has been established with
an individual plant density of at least 70 percent of predisturbance levels, or equivalent permanent, physical erosion
reduction methods have been employed.
REQUIRED - Describe the methods used to meet the final stabilization c described above (include additional pages if
necessary)
2: ALTERNATIVE PERMIT COVERAGE OR FULL REASSIGNMENT - All ongoing construction activities,
including all disturbed areas, covered under the permit certification listed in Part A have coverage under a separate CDPS
stormwater construction permit, including the permit certification issued when Division’s Reassignment Form was used
by the permittee to reassign all areas/activities.
REQUIRED – Provide the permit certification number covering the ongoing activities: COR03 __ __ __ __
3: PERMITTEE IS NO LONGER THE OWNER/OPERATOR of the site and all efforts have been made to transfer
the permit to appropriate parties. Please attach copies of registered mail receipt, letters, etc.
STOP!
One of the three criteria above MUST BE CHECKED and the required information for that criterion
provided, or this form will not be processed and the permit will remain active.
PART E. CERTIFICATION SIGNATURE (Required for all Termination Requests)
I understand that by submitting this notice of inactivation, I am no longer authorized to discharge stormwater associated with
construction activity by the general permit. I understand that discharging pollutants in stormwater associated with construction
activities to the waters of the State of Colorado, where such discharges are not authorized by a CDPS permit, is unlawful under
the Colorado Water Quality Control Act and the Clean Water Act.
I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted herein, and based
on my inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the information is true,
accurate and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility
of fine and imprisonment. (See 18 U.S.C 1001 and 33 U.S.C. 1319.)
I also certify that I am a duly authorized representative of the permittee named in Part B.
Signature of Legally Responsible Party Date Signed
Name (printed) Title
Signatory requirements: This form shall be signed, dated, and certified for accuracy by the permittee in accordance with the following criteria:
1. In the case of a corporation, by a principal executive officer of at least the level of vice-president, or his or her duly authorized representative, if such
representative is responsible for the overall operation of the operation from which the discharge described herein originates;
2. In the case of a partnership, by a general partner;
3. In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor;
4. In the case of a municipal, state, or other public operation, by wither a principal executive officer, ranking elected official, or other duly authorized
employee.
For Agency Use Only
Permit Number Assigned
COR03-______________
Date Received ____/____/____
Month Day Year
NOTICE OF REASSIGNMENT OF PERMIT COVERAGE AND GENERAL PERMIT APPLICATION
STORMWATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
PHOTO COPIES, FAXED COPIES, PDF COPIES OR EMAILS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
Please print or type. Original signatures are required. This application must be considered complete by the Division prior to initiation
of permit processing. The Division will notify the applicant if additional information is needed to complete the application. If more space is
required to answer any question, please attach additional sheets to the application form. Applications must be mailed or delivered to:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
WQCD-P-B2
Denver, Colorado 80246-1530
**Part I of the application beginning below is to be filled out by the new permit applicant that will be assuming permitting
liability for the reassigned portion of the original applicant’s site.
**Part II of the application, starting on page 3 of the form, is to be completed by the current permittee.
Both Parts I (pages 1-4) and II (page 5) must be completed.
EXISTING CERT **__________________ (from Part II)
** NOTE: THIS WILL CREATE A NEW PERMIT FOR PART 1 APPLICANT. THE EXISTING PERMIT WILL NOT BE
TERMINATED. THIS IS NOT A TRANSFER FORM.
PART I - To be completed by the New permit applicant:
I hereby accept the reassignment of permit coverage for the area described in this application. I have reviewed the terms and
conditions of this permit and the Stormwater Management Plan and accept full responsibility, coverage and liability
REASSIGNMENT WILL BE EFFECTIVE _____________________________
MONTH/ DAY/ YEAR
Applicant is : Property Owner Contractor/Operator
A. CONTACT INFORMATION - NOT ALL CONTACT TYPES MAY APPLY * indicates required
*PERMITTEE (If more than one please add additional pages)
*ORGANIZATION FORMAL NAME:
1) *PERMITTEE the person authorized to sign and certify the permit application. This person receives all
permit correspondences and is legally responsible for compliance with the permit.
Responsible Position (Title): ___________________________________________
Currently Held By Person):___________________________________________________________
Telephone No:__________________________________ email address__________________________________
Organization:
Mailing Address:
City:_ State: Zip:
This form must be signed by the Permittee to be considered complete.
Per Regulation 61 In all cases, it shall be signed as follows:
a) In the case of corporations, by a responsible corporate officer. For the purposes of this section, the responsible
corporate officer is responsible for the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge described in the
application originates.
b) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner.
c) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor.
d) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official
Application Part 1 page 1of 4 updated 4/2011
2) DMR COGNIZANT OFFICIAL (i.e. authorized agent) the person or position authorized to sign and certify reports required by the
Division including Discharge Monitoring Reports *DMR’s, Annual Reports, Compliance Schedule submittals, and other information
requested by the Division. The Division will transmit pre-printed reports (ie. DMR’s) to this person. If more than one, please add
additional pages. Same As 1) Permittee
Responsible Position (Title):____________________________________________________
Currently Held By (Person):__________________________________________________
Telephone No:_______________________________ email address____________________________________
Organization:_______________________________________________________________
Mailing Address: ____________________________________________________________
City:_ State: Zip: _______________________
Per Regulation 61 : All reports required by permits, and other information requested by the Division shall be signed by the
permittee or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if: (i) The
authorization is made in writing by the permittee
(ii) The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated
facility or activity such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or a well field, superintendent, position of equivalent
responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly
authorized representative may thus be either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position); and
(iii) The written authorization is submitted to the Division
3) *SITE CONTACT local contact for questions relating to the facility & discharge authorized by this permit for the facility.
Same As 1) Permittee
Responsible Position (Title):____________________________________________________
Currently Held By (Person):__________________________________________________
Telephone No:_______________________________ email address____________________________________
Organization:_______________________________________________________________
Mailing Address: ____________________________________________________________
City:_ State: Zip: _______________________
4) * BILLING CONTACT if different than the permittee
Responsible Position (Title):____________________________________________________
Currently Held By (Person):__________________________________________________
Telephone No:_______________________________ email address____________________________________
Organization:_______________________________________________________________
Mailing Address: ____________________________________________________________
City:_ State: Zip: _______________________
5) OTHER (Please describe)_____________________________________________________
Responsible Position (Title):____________________________________________________
Currently Held By (Person):__________________________________________________
Telephone No:_______________________________ email address____________________________________
Organization:_______________________________________________________________
Mailing Address: ____________________________________________________________
City:_ State: Zip: _______________________
Application Part 1 page 2 of 4 updated 4/2011
B. Permitted Project/Facility Information
Project/Facility Name
Street Address or cross streets
City, Zip Code
County
Facility Latitude/Longitude— (approximate center of site to nearest 15 seconds using one of following formats
001A Latitude . Longitude . (e.g., 39.703°, 104.933°’)
degrees (to 3 decimal places) degrees (to 3 decimal places)
or
001A Latitude º ’ " Longitude º ’ " (e.g., 39°46'11"N, 104°53'11"W)
degrees minutes seconds degrees minutes seconds
C. MAP (Attachment)
Map: Attach a map that indicates the site location and that CLEARLY shows the boundaries of the area that will
be disturbed. Maps must be no larger than 11x17 inches.
D. LEGAL DESCRIPTION
Legal description: If subdivided, provide the legal description below, or indicate that it is not applicable (do not
supply Township/Range/Section or metes and bounds description of site)
Subdivision(s): Lot(s): Block(s):
OR
□ Not applicable (site has not been subdivided)
E. AREA OF CONSTRUCTION SITE
Total area of project site (acres):
Area of project site to undergo disturbance (acres):
Total disturbed area of Larger Common Plan of Development or Sale, if applicable:
(i.e., total, including all phases, filings, lots, and infrastructure not covered by this application)
F. NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
Check the appropriate box(s) or provide a brief description that indicates the general nature of the construction
activities. (The full description of activities must be included in the Stormwater Management Plan.)
□ Single Family Residential Development
□ Multi-Family Residential Development
□ Commercial Development
□ Oil and Gas Production and/or Exploration
(including pad sites and associated infrastructure)
□ Highway/Road Development
(not including roadways associated with commercial or residential development)
□ Other, Describe:
G. ANTICIPATED CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
Construction Start Date: Final Stabilization Date:
Application Part 1 page 3 of 4 updated 4/2011
NOTICE OF REASSIGNMENT OF PERMIT COVERAGE AND GENERAL PERMIT APPLICATION
STORMWATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Application Part 1 page 4 of 4 updated 4/2011
H. RECEIVING WATERS
(If discharge is to a ditch or storm sewer, include the name of the ultimate receiving waters)
Immediate Receiving Water(s):
Ultimate Receiving Water(s):
I. REQUIRED SIGNATURES (Both parts i. and ii. must be signed)
Signature of Applicant: The applicant must be either the owner and/or operator of the construction site.
Refer to Part B of the instructions for additional information. The application must be signed by the
applicant to be considered complete. In all cases, it shall be signed as follows:
a) In the case of corporations, by a principal executive officer of at least the level of vice-president or
his or her duly authorized representative, if such representative is responsible for the overall
operation of the facility from which the discharge described in the application originates.
b) In the case of a partnership, by a general partner.
c) In the case of a sole proprietorship, by the proprietor.
d) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public facility, by either a principal executive officer,
ranking elected official, or other duly authorized employee if such representative is responsible for
the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge described in the form originates.
STOP!:A Stormwater Management Plan must be completed prior to signing the following certifications!
i. Stormwater Management Plan Certification
“I certify under penalty of law that a complete Stormwater Management Plan, as described in Appendix A of this
application, has been prepared for my activity. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the
system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the Stormwater Management Plan is,
to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for falsely certifying the completion of said SWMP, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for
knowing violations.”
XX
Signature of Legally Responsible Person or Authorized Agent (submission must include original signature) Date Signed
Name (printed) Title
ii. Signature of Permit Legal Contact
“I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in this
application and all attachments and that, based on my inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for
obtaining the information, I believe that the information is true, accurate and complete. I am aware that there are
significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine or imprisonment.
“I understand that submittal of this application is for coverage under the State of Colorado General Permit for
Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity for the entirety of the construction site/project
described and applied for, until such time as the application is amended or the certification is transferred,
inactivated, or expired.”
XX
Signature of Legally Responsible Person (submission must include original signature) Date Signed
Name (printed Title
DO NOT INCLUDE A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
DO NOT INCLUDE PAYMENT – AN INVOICE WILL BE SENT AFTER THE CERTIFICATION IS ISSUED.
NOTICE OF REASSIGNMENT OF PERMIT COVERAGE AND GENERAL PERMIT APPLICATION
STORMWATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Application Part 2 page 1 of 1 updated 4/2011
PART II - AMENDMENT TO THE CURRENT PERMIT CERTIFICATION
TO BE COMPLETED BY CURRENT PERMITTEE
CERTIFICATION NUMBER COR03________________ THIS PERMIT WILL NOT BE TERMINATED
II.A. CURRENT PERMIT LEGAL CONTACT INFORMATION Check if information has changed
Company Name:
Legally Responsible Person: First Name: Last Name:
Title:
Mailing Address:
City, State and Zip Code:
Phone:
Email Address:
2. PERMITTED FACILITY INFORMATION
Name of Plan, Project or Development:
Latitude and Longitude (approximate center of site to nearest 15 seconds using one of following formats):
Latitude: Longitude: (e.g., 39°42’11’’, 104°55’57’’)
degrees /minutes/ seconds
OR
degrees/ minutes/ seconds
Latitude: Longitude: (e.g., 39.703°, 104.933’)
degrees (to 3 decimal places) degrees (to 3 decimal places)
3. MAP (Attachment)
Map: Attach a map that indicates the site location and that CLEARLY shows the boundaries of the area that will be retained under this
current certification. Maps must be no larger than 11x17 inches.
4. NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
Check the appropriate box(s) or provide a brief description that indicates the general nature of the construction activities. (The full
description of activities must be included in the Stormwater Management Plan.)
□ Single Family Residential Development
□ Multi-Family Residential Development
□ Commercial Development
□ Other, Describe:
9. REQUIRED SIGNATURES Certification for Reassignment
“I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in Part II of this application
and all attachments in reference to Part II and that, based on my inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining the
information, I believe that the information is true, accurate and complete. I am aware that thereare significant penalties for submitting false
information, including the possibility of fine or imprisonment.
“As the permittee currently covered by the above-referenced certification, I hereby agree to reassign the permit coverage for the area and
activity described in Items I.b. and I.c., and all responsibilities thereof, from the above-referenced permit certification to the new permittee
listed in Part I of this form.”
Signature of Legally Responsible Person (submission must include original ink signature) Date Signed
Name (printed) Title
APPENDIX G
Soil Information
United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Larimer County
Natural Area, Colorado
Resources
Conservation
Service
May 23, 2016
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://
offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272
(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
Soil Map..................................................................................................................7
Soil Map................................................................................................................8
Legend..................................................................................................................9
Map Unit Legend................................................................................................10
Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................10
Larimer County Area, Colorado......................................................................12
5—Aquepts, loamy......................................................................................12
22—Caruso clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slope...............................................13
60—Larim gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 40 percent slopes..............................14
62—Larimer-Stoneham complex, 3 to 10 percent slopes...........................15
81—Paoli fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes.......................................17
103—Stoneham loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes..............................................18
Soil Information for All Uses...............................................................................20
Soil Properties and Qualities..............................................................................20
Soil Qualities and Features.............................................................................20
Hydrologic Soil Group.................................................................................20
References............................................................................................................25
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
5
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
Custom Soil Resource Report
6
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
7
8
Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
4484900 4485000 4485100 4485200 4485300 4485400 4485500 4485600 4485700 4485800 4485900
4484900 4485000 4485100 4485200 4485300 4485400 4485500 4485600 4485700 4485800 4485900
499300 499400 499500 499600 499700 499800 499900 500000 500100
499300 499400 499500 499600 499700 499800 499900 500000 500100
40° 31' 26'' N
105° 0' 29'' W
40° 31' 26'' N
104° 59' 54'' W
40° 30' 50'' N
105° 0' 29'' W
40° 30' 50'' N
104° 59' 54'' W
N
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
0 250 500 1000 1500
Feet
0 50 100 200 300
Meters
Map Scale: 1:5,380 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line
placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting
soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate
calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
Map Unit Legend
Larimer County Area, Colorado (CO644)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
5 Aquepts, loamy 6.5 18.5%
22 Caruso clay loam, 0 to 1 percent
slope
11.0 31.3%
60 Larim gravelly sandy loam, 5 to
40 percent slopes
2.0 5.7%
62 Larimer-Stoneham complex, 3 to
10 percent slopes
7.4 21.1%
81 Paoli fine sandy loam, 0 to 1
percent slopes
0.5 1.4%
103 Stoneham loam, 5 to 9 percent
slopes
7.7 22.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 35.1 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
Custom Soil Resource Report
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where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Larimer County Area, Colorado
5—Aquepts, loamy
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: jpws
Elevation: 4,500 to 6,700 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 50 degrees F
Frost-free period: 80 to 140 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Aquepts and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Aquepts
Setting
Landform: Depressions, draws, stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 60 inches: variable
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
Runoff class: Negligible
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to very
high (0.60 to 99.90 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 5w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Minor Components
Kim
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Nunn
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Stoneham
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
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Fort collins
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
22—Caruso clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slope
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: jpvt
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees F
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Caruso and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Caruso
Setting
Landform: Flood-plain steps, stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 35 inches: clay loam
H2 - 35 to 44 inches: fine sandy loam, sandy loam
H2 - 35 to 44 inches: sand, gravelly sand
H3 - 44 to 60 inches:
H3 - 44 to 60 inches:
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 48 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3w
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Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Minor Components
Loveland
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Terraces
Fluvaquents
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Terraces
60—Larim gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 40 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: jpx5
Elevation: 4,800 to 6,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 47 to 49 degrees F
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Larim and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Larim
Setting
Landform: Benches, terraces, fans
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, base slope, riser
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 4 inches: gravelly sandy loam
H2 - 4 to 15 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam, very gravelly clay loam
H2 - 4 to 15 inches: very gravelly loamy sand, very gravelly sand
H3 - 15 to 60 inches:
H3 - 15 to 60 inches:
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 40 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
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Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Gravelly Foothill (R049BY214CO)
Minor Components
Midway
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Tassel
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
62—Larimer-Stoneham complex, 3 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: jpx7
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees F
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Larimer and similar soils: 35 percent
Stoneham and similar soils: 25 percent
Minor components: 39 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Larimer
Setting
Landform: Benches, terraces, fans
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 7 to 22 inches: loam
H3 - 22 to 30 inches: gravelly sandy clay loam, gravelly loam, sandy clay loam
H3 - 22 to 30 inches: very gravelly sand, very cobbly sand, very gravelly loamy sand
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H3 - 22 to 30 inches:
H4 - 30 to 60 inches:
H4 - 30 to 60 inches:
H4 - 30 to 60 inches:
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Loamy Plains (R067XY002CO)
Description of Stoneham
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 4 inches: loam
H2 - 4 to 10 inches: clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam
H2 - 4 to 10 inches: loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam
H2 - 4 to 10 inches: sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam
H3 - 10 to 14 inches:
H3 - 10 to 14 inches:
H3 - 10 to 14 inches:
H4 - 14 to 60 inches:
H4 - 14 to 60 inches:
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
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Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 14.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Loamy Plains (R067XY002CO)
Minor Components
Cushman
Percent of map unit: 19 percent
Fort collins
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Larim
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Satanta
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
81—Paoli fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: jpxx
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees F
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Paoli and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Paoli
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 30 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 30 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand
H2 - 30 to 60 inches:
H2 - 30 to 60 inches:
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Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 16.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3c
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Overflow (R067BY036CO)
Minor Components
Caruso
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Table mountain
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Fluvaquentic haplustolls
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Terraces
103—Stoneham loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: jptw
Elevation: 4,800 to 5,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees F
Frost-free period: 135 to 150 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Stoneham and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Stoneham
Setting
Landform: Benches, terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, tread
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Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Mixed alluvium and/or eolian deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 3 inches: loam
H2 - 3 to 9 inches: clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam
H2 - 3 to 9 inches: loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam
H2 - 3 to 9 inches:
H3 - 9 to 60 inches:
H3 - 9 to 60 inches:
H3 - 9 to 60 inches:
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 9 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 27.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Loamy Plains (R067XY002CO)
Minor Components
Kim
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Larimer
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Fort collins
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Soil Information for All Uses
Soil Properties and Qualities
The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and qualities
displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in the selected
area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated by aggregating
the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This aggregation process
is defined for each property or quality.
Soil Qualities and Features
Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly measured,
but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil properties.
Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil features are
attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features include slope and
depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the use and management
of the soil.
Hydrologic Soil Group
Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned
to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not
protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-
duration storms.
The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three
dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly
wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that
have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a
moderate rate of water transmission.
20
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils
of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water
transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential,
soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the
surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have
a very slow rate of water transmission.
If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for
drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural
condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes.
Custom Soil Resource Report
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22
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map—Hydrologic Soil Group
4484900 4485000 4485100 4485200 4485300 4485400 4485500 4485600 4485700 4485800 4485900
4484900 4485000 4485100 4485200 4485300 4485400 4485500 4485600 4485700 4485800 4485900
499300 499400 499500 499600 499700 499800 499900 500000 500100
499300 499400 499500 499600 499700 499800 499900 500000 500100
40° 31' 26'' N
105° 0' 29'' W
40° 31' 26'' N
104° 59' 54'' W
40° 30' 50'' N
105° 0' 29'' W
40° 30' 50'' N
104° 59' 54'' W
N
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84
0 250 500 1000 1500
Feet
0 50 100 200 300
Meters
Map Scale: 1:5,380 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Lines
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line
placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting
soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate
calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Larimer County Area, Colorado
Table—Hydrologic Soil Group
Hydrologic Soil Group— Summary by Map Unit — Larimer County Area, Colorado (CO644)
Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
5 Aquepts, loamy A/D 6.5 18.5%
22 Caruso clay loam, 0 to 1
percent slope
D 11.0 31.3%
60 Larim gravelly sandy
loam, 5 to 40 percent
slopes
B 2.0 5.7%
62 Larimer-Stoneham
complex, 3 to 10
percent slopes
B 7.4 21.1%
81 Paoli fine sandy loam, 0 to
1 percent slopes
A 0.5 1.4%
103 Stoneham loam, 5 to 9
percent slopes
B 7.7 22.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 35.1 100.0%
Rating Options—Hydrologic Soil Group
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie-break Rule: Higher
Custom Soil Resource Report
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References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
25
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf
Custom Soil Resource Report
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:KDOHUV:D\6XLWH)RUW&ROOLQV&2 LGHDV#WVWLQFFRP
PDLQ PHWUR ID[ ZZZWVWLQFFRP
Survey Area Data: Version 10, Sep 22, 2015
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000
or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 22, 2011—Apr 28,
2011
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting
of map unit boundaries may be evident.
Custom Soil Resource Report
23
the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Larimer County Area, Colorado
Survey Area Data: Version 10, Sep 22, 2015
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000
or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 22, 2011—Apr 28,
2011
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting
of map unit boundaries may be evident.
Custom Soil Resource Report
9
degrades into a CERCLA hazardous substance in an amount that equals or exceeds the reportable
quantity for the newly formed CERCLA hazardous substance.
2