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HomeMy WebLinkAboutEAST RIDGE 2ND FILING - FDP - FDP160006 - SUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS - ROUND 1 - WETLANDS DOCUMENTSi WETLAND ENLARGMENT PLAN FOR EAST RIDGE HOLDINGS, LLC’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT FORT COLLINS, COLORADO Prepared for: CITY OF FORT COLLINS Colorado and EAST RIDGE HOLDINGS, LLC Timnath, Colorado Prepared by: Cedar Creek Associates, Inc. Fort Collins, Colorado January 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................. i 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Project Element Objectives and Planting Specifications.............................................................2 3.0 Adjunct Area Stabilization .........................................................................................................10 4.0 Post-planting Weed Control Plan Summary .............................................................................11 5.0 Revegetation Schedules ...........................................................................................................12 6.0 Management and Maintenance ................................................................................................14 7.0 Proposed Monitoring and Performance Standards ...................................................................15 Appendix A: East Ridge Holdings, LLC’s East Ridge Project - Wetland Functions and Values Analysis Appendix B: Revegetation Technical Specifications 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION East Ridge Holdings, LLC (East Ridge) proposes to develop a parcel of land near the intersection of Timberline Road and East Vine Drive to provide residential housing. This development is known as East Ridge. A wetland had become established in past years across 2.25 acres of this site (June 24, 2015 delineation) and lies in a natural depression within surrounding uplands. In order to develop this project and provide the necessary hydrologic control features, as well as a community park, it will be necessary to fill and / or impact the entire acreage of this established wetland as it exists to date. To compensate for this loss, East Ridge will create a mitigation site consisting of a Wetland / Detention area, two Water Quality Forebays, two LID Sand Filters, a (Vegetation)Transition Zone, and associated Uplands (aka “project elements” individually, “project area” in sum) to provide an equal or better level of wildlife habitat on site than existed prior to development. The mitigation and enhancement activities to be completed will also improve the overall esthetics of the project area by establishing a diverse mixture of shrub and tree species that is currently lacking adjacent to the existing wetland and in the immediately surrounding uplands. Residential development is planned to start Spring 2016. Upland enhancement plantings will begin in the spring of 2016. Development of the compensatory wetland mitigation site will begin in the fall of 2016, once a full season of groundwater data has been collected from groundwater wells established in August of 2015. Monitoring will begin for each project element the first full growing season following the completion of planting and continue for a period of three years or until the City considers the project site successfully established. 1.1 Project Site Characteristics and Pertinent Environmental Report History The East Ridge project site is typified by a nearly level to gently to moderately sloping topography. This site was farmed in the past with row crops and pastureland being the main agricultural pursuits. Farming and irrigation ceased more than four years ago and the current vegetation communities overlying the proposed development area are dominated by native and introduced grass and forb species. A few trees and shrubs have become established along abandoned irrigation ditches and the southern border of the existing wetland, while tree groves occur along Timberline Road. The subject wetland lies in a depression surrounded by moderately steep slopes leading to the nearly level upland fields described previously. The subject wetland was first delineated in 2009 and was deemed to be non-jurisdictional given a lack of hydrologic surface water connection to any Water of the U. S. As a part of the proposed development process, it was determined by East Ridge that the wetland should be delineated a second time to determine the current boundaries of the wetland to address potential compensatory mitigation requirements. The second delineation was completed by Cedar Creek Associates, Inc. (Cedar Creek) on 3 March 9, 2015. While on a site visit with representatives from East Ridge and the City on June 4, 2015, it was noted that a significant portion of the previously delineated wetland now supported Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), classed by the Corps of Engineers as an upland species. The wetland was subsequently delineated a third time on June 24, 2015. As a result, the boundary of the wetland was revised as shown on a map entitled Re-Delineation of Vegetated Wetlands and Other Waters of the U.S. The revised delineation was accepted by the City and was used as a baseline to complete the compensatory wetland mitigation and upland enhancement planning for this project. At the June 4 meeting, it was determined that a wetland functions and values analysis should be completed for the existing wetland. Representatives of the City and the project proponent completed a functions and values analysis in the field for the undisturbed, delineated wetlands on June 15, 2015. As a result of this analysis, the wetland functions of nutrient cycling, groundwater recharge, and soil stabilization were rated as “moderately high”. The wetlands also scored “moderately high” in terms of wildlife habitat, habitat diversity, cover availability, and roosting/nesting sites functions. These function scores, and the “medium” overall rating accorded this ecological feature, were deemed appropriate more for the location of the wetland than for the uniqueness of the site itself. While neither a large wetland, nor notably diverse or having an open water / marsh component, this feature lies somewhat isolated from other wetlands and open water bodies and therefore provides a vegetation community uncommon in the immediate area of existing croplands, pasturelands, residential and industrial developments. Appendix A contains the report prepared for the wetland functions and values analysis based on the work completed in the field. Appendix B presents specifications for the methods, techniques, and materials selected for use on site to achieve the stated mitigation and enhancement objectives. 4 2.0 PROJECT ELEMENT OBJECTIVES AND PLANTING SPECIFICATIONS Figure LP407 entitled Wetland Enlargement Plan depicts the locations and boundaries of the project elements to be created, the seed mixtures to be planted, and the proposed planting sites for willow cuttings as well as for shrub and tree species. Tables depicting the seed mixtures and shrub and tree species to be planted are also included below, as well as on Figure LP407. 2.1 Project Element Objectives 2.1.1 Wetland / Detention Element (2.43 Acres) The objectives of compensatory wetland mitigation are to recreate vegetated wetlands that will, at a minimum, provide wildlife habitat for species present prior to development. A soil moisture regime that is saturated with potential, variable shallow flooding will be created to support the wetland species plantings. The reapplication of salvaged wetland soils across this feature and the planting of herbaceous wetland grass and grass-like species along with some shrubs and trees will enhance the esthetic values of this feature with respect to the surrounding development and add an additional wildlife habitat element not present prior to development in response to the function and values analysis previously completed for the project site. In addition, the planting of a minimum of 100 willow (Salix exigua) cuttings will further enhance the wildlife habitat value of this ecological feature. 2.1.2 Water Quality Forebays (0.76 Acres) The primary objective of forebay construction is to remove sediment from runoff to prevent such sediment from entering the Wetland / Detention project element. The secondary objectives, based on the wetland soils to be respread over the graded forebay floors and the plantings to be completed, are to provide an additional wetland acreage to meet wetland creation and wildlife habitat objectives as well as to provide for esthetics. 2.1.3 LID Sand Filters (0.63 Acres) The two LID Sand Filters will be constructed to achieve the same overall water treatment and revegetation objectives as the Water Quality Forebays discussed above. Given the sandy nature of the material used to construct the filters, it can be assumed that the herbaceous and shrub plantings may not achieve the same level of plant cover as the plantings associated with the forebays. 2.1.4 Transition Zone A Transition Zone between the constructed wetlands and the surrounding upland planting sites will develop following grading and soil reapplication. The lower portion of this zone will likely be characterized by periodic, temporary soil saturation gradating to more mesic conditions upslope. The majority of the 5 shrubs and trees to be established within the project area will be planted in this feature to achieve, in concert with the Wetland / Detention and Uplands described below, the majority of the wildlife habitat enhancement objectives set for this project. 2.1.5 Uplands Upland plantings will be completed to primarily to stabilize the surficial soils of the disturbed areas upslope from the project elements discussed above and to provide food and cover for resident avian and small mammal species. Two forb species have also been included in the seed mixture to address esthetic considerations. 2.2 Soil Sampling, Seedbed Preparation, Fertilization, Seeding and Mulching (Where Specified) Techniques to be Employed. Two methods of seeding and associated fertilization and mulching techniques will be employed to revegetate the compensatory mitigation area. These methods include broadcast seeding and drill seeding. Broadcast seeding will be used where the reapplied soil moisture regime of each project element is too wet and / or where slopes are too steep and isolated to permit machinery access. These project elements include the Wetland / Detention site, Water Quality Forebays and LID Sand filters and their adjacent slopes, and the lower portion of the Transition Zone where the soil moisture regime is too wet to support machinery. Drill seeding and associated fertilization and mulching techniques will be applied to accessible project elements where upland soil moisture regime conditions and slopes less than 4:1 are created. These project elements include the Uplands and upper portions of the Transition Zone. 2.2.1 Soil Sampling Following soil reapplication and final grading, the seedbed of each feature will be sampled for analysis. From 10 to 12 sets of samples will be collected within the boundaries of the compensatory mitigation area. With regard to the sample sets, one sample will represent the depth of reapplied surface soil and the second sample will represent the upper subsoil to a depth of 24 inches. The samples will be bagged and delivered to the soil laboratory on the Colorado State University campus for routine analysis (Appendix B). The objectives of sampling and analysis are to characterize the seedbed materials, both physically and chemically, and to determine fertility status. It is assumed that no fertilizer will need to be applied to the project features resoiled with salvaged wetland soils. However, if the laboratory determines it will be beneficial, fertilizer will be applied as part of the seeding operation. It is further assumed that fertilizer will be required for upland soils applied to the Upland, Transition Zone, and Water Quality Forebay and LID Sand Filter berm slope features. 6 2.2.2 Seedbed Preparation, Fertilization, Seeding and Mulching Broadcast Seeding Following soil reapplication, final grading and soil sampling, the seed mixture shown in Table 2-1, and any required fertilizer, will be broadcast via hydroseeding over the floors of the specified project features. The application mixture will contain a tackifier such “M-Binder” to aid in seed application and retention. Given the gentle slopes characterizing the wetland areas to be planted and the potential for saturated to shallowly flooded conditions, these features are not proposed to be mulched. However, if mulching is considered advisable, hydromulching or an equivalent method, will be employed. The berm slopes of the Water Quality Forebays and LID Sand Filters will be broadcast seeded to twice the rate of the mixture shown in Table 2.4 and fertilized using the hydromulching techniques described above. Following seeding, the specified shrub, tree, and willow cuttings will be planted as depicted on Figure LP407. The shrub and tree species to be planted are shown in Tables 2.2 and 2.3. Should it be determined that shrub and tree planting following seeding would inhibit plant establishment through seedbed disturbance, such planting would precede hydroseeding and mulching, if specified. At the conclusion of planting, the slopes of the berms will be hydromulched with the equivalent of 1,500 lbs. of mulch per acre. The application mixture will contain a tackifier such “M-Binder” to aid in mulch retention. Drill Seeding Following soil reapplication and seedbed sampling, the seedbed will be disked to prepare the seedbed for seeding. The required amount of fertilizer will be loaded into the seed drill along with the seed mixtures shown in Table 2.4 for the Transition Zone feature and Table 2.7 for the Upland project feature. Each prepared area will then be drill seeded to the specified mixture either perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction on nearly level slopes or along the contour on slope angles exceeding 5:1. The seeded areas will then be mulched with the equivalent of 2.0 tons of clean, weed-free straw per acre and the straw crimped into the seedbed. Following mulching the shrubs and trees shown in Tables 2.5 and 2.6 will be planted to complete the revegetation process. Willow Cutting Planting Specifics Willow cuttings will be planted in the resoiled wetlands during the first spring planting season following resoiling to enhance species / canopy diversity and add a wildlife habitat element currently limited on site. The willow cuttings will be planted at the interface of the wetland mitigation area floor and adjacent Transition Zone where the soil moisture regime is designed to be saturated, but not flooded, all 7 or the majority of the growing season. The cuttings will be planted in linear groupings with each group consisting of two rows. Cuttings in each row will be planted on 4.0 - foot centers with the rows staggered such that willows are planted on 2.0 - foot centers in the planting area. The rows would spaced from 1.0 to 3.0 feet apart depending upon available space and the soil moisture regime present. Final planting sites will be selected at the time of planting based on appropriate soil moisture regime characteristics. A total of 100 willow cuttings will be planted. Willow cuttings are available from willow stands on site if such are avoided during grading until planting time. Shrub Planting Specifics A variety of wetland and upland shrubs will be planted along the borders of the vegetation communities to be created. The primary objectives of the shrub plantings are to increase vegetation community diversity, enhance the esthetic quality of the wetland mitigation areas, and provide an adjunct food and cover source for resident wildlife. Wetland shrub plantings will occur upslope from the Wetland / Detention area and willow cutting planting sites where moist to semi-saturated soil moisture regimes are proposed to dominate throughout a majority of the growing season. Upland shrub plantings will be made in more mesic sites upslope. Specific planting sites will be selected in the field giving consideration to the soil moisture regimes created during site construction. Five-gallon size planting stock will be preferred for planting. Tree Planting Specifics Three wetland-classed species of trees and two upland-classed species will be planted within the project area. Similar to shrub plantings, the primary objectives of tree plantings are to increase vegetation community diversity, enhance the esthetic quality of the wetland mitigation areas, provide a slope screening effect, and provide a food and cover source for resident wildlife species. Tree plantings will typically be completed upslope from the wetland detention area and willow cutting planting sites on constructed slopes. Care will be taken to ensure that the root - ball is planted in moist/wet to semi- saturated soils on the lower portions of the slopes for wetland species and in more mesic soil conditions for upland species. Specific planting sites will be selected in the field based on the soil moisture regimes extant. NOTE: The sources selected for seed, shrub, willow cuttings, and tree planting stock cannot be identified until the planting contractor is selected and is under contract. When the planting contractor has been selected and is under contract, the contractor will be instructed to submit the final sources to the City’s Environmental Planner for review. 8 TABLE 2-1: WETLAND SEED MIXTURE Preferred Rate Lbs./Acre PLS Species (Corps Designation) Varieties Planted (Broadcast) Seeded/Acre Alkali sacaton (FAC) NA 1.0 1,175,000 Sporobolus airoides Switchgrass (FAC) Nebraska-28 4.0 1,556,000 Panicum virgatum Alkali bulrush (assume OBL) NA 1.0 162,600 Bolboschoenus maritimus Olney threesquare (OBL) NA 2.0 359,600 Schoenoplectus pungens Softstem bulrush (OBL) NA 1.0 550,000 Shoenoplectus tabernaemontani Totals = 9.0 3,803,200 (~87 seeds/ sq. ft.) Note1: FAC, FACW and OBL species are included to account for the presumed variability in the soil moisture regimes to be created. Species selection is based, in part, on species present in wetlands on site. Note 2: Due to limited commercial availability, seed stocks of wetland species should be acquired as soon as possible before the onset of planting. TABLE 2-2: WETLAND SHRUB PLANTING SPECIES AND RATES Species Total Planted in (Corps Designation) Mitigation Area Planting Site Considerations Chokecherry (FACU) 15 Upslope from dogwood plantings; Padus virginiana upland soil moisture regime Indigobush amorpha (OBL) 15 Upslope from the willow cuttings in Amorpha fruticosa saturated, not flooded soils Redosier dogwood (FACW) 15 Upslope from amorpha plantings or Swida (Cornus) stolonifera may be mixed with amorpha. Total planted = 45 Note 1: Both upland and wetland classed shrubs are included in this planting scenario to increase wildlife habitat value and color/form/height diversity. Note 2: If sufficient planting stock of indigobush amorpha is not available, the stocking rates of chokecherry and redosier dogwood will be increased to make up for the shortfall. 9 TABLE 2-3: WETLAND TREE PLANTING SPECIES AND RATES Total Planted in Planting Species Mitigation Area Site Considerations Narrowleaf cottonwood (FACW) 7 Upslope from willow cuttings in Populus angustifolia shrub planting voids Peachleaf willow (FACW) 7 Mixed with narrowleaf Salix amygdaloides cottonwoods Plains cottonwood (FAC) 7 Immediately upslope Populus deltoides from the narrowleaf cottonwoods in moist/wet but not saturated soils Total planted = 21 TABLE 2.4 TRANSITION ZONE SEED MIXTURE Preferred Rate Lbs. PLS/Acre PLS Species Varieties Planted (Drilled) Seeded/Acre Alkali sacaton (FAC) NA 0.5 587,500 Sporobolus airoides Switchgrass (FAC) Nebraska-28 2.0 778,000 Panicum virgatum Slender wheatgrass Pryor, Revenue 3.0 480,000 Elymus trachycaulus Thickspike wheatgrass Critana 1.0 186,000 Elymus lanceolatus Western wheatgrass Rosanna, Arriba, Barton 7.0 882,000 Pascopyrum smithii Totals = 13.5 3,099,500 (~ 67 seeds/ sq. ft.) TABLE 2.5: TRANSITION ZONE AND UPLAND SHRUB PLANTING SPECIES AND RATES Species Total Planted Four-wing saltbush 40 Atriplex canescens Rubber rabbitbrush 40 Chrysothamnus nauseosus Skunkbush sumac 35 Rhus aromatic trilobata Woods Rose 30 Rosa woodsii Total Planted= 145 10 TABLE 2.6: TRANSITION ZONE AND UPLAND TREE PLANTING SPECIES AND RATES Species Total Planted Ponderosa pine 20 Pinus ponderosa Rocky Mountain juniper 20 Juniperus scopulorum Total Planted = 40 TABLE 2-7: UPLAND SEED MIXTURE Preferred Rate Lbs./Acre Species Variety(s) Planted (Drilled) PLS Seeded/Acre Slender wheatgrass Primar, Revenue 3.00 480,000 Elymus trachycaulus Thickspike wheatgrass Critana 4.00 774,000 Elymus lanceolatus Western wheatgrass Arriba, Barton 5.00 630,000 Pascopyrum smithii Lewis flax Appar 1.00 285,000 Adenolinum lewisii Upright prairie coneflower None 0.25 225,000 Ratibida columnifera Four-wing saltbush Wytana 4.00 208,000 Atriplex canescens Totals = 17.25 2,602,000 (~60 seeds/sq. ft.) NOTE: Shrub planting rate is based on a broadcast application. Note: This seed mixture will be planted at twice the rate shown when broadcast planting methods are used. 11 3.0 ADJUNCT AREA STABILIZATION During construction, the soil surface may be disturbed at equipment staging areas and similar sites resulting in a loss of vegetative cover. In such cases, extensive application of revegetation techniques is not desirable where a more simplistic range of restoration techniques will suffice. The following alternatives to intensive reclamation can be applied where conditions warrant and such areas are not subject to additional disturbance, construction, or alternative development. • Fencing: The disturbed area will be fenced or access otherwise controlled to permit the vegetation present to reestablish. This technique is applicable where significant disturbed vegetation is present that can regain vigor, reestablish, and spread to provide an adequate surface cover. • Supplemental fertilization: The disturbed area will be broadcast fertilized at recommended rates where it is determined that the remaining vegetation can successfully stabilize the area with a supplemental fertilizer treatment. Access to treated sites will be prohibited until vegetation has become adequately established. • Supplemental seeding/mulching: The disturbed area will be seeded where it is determined that the existing plant cover is not sufficient to hold soil in place. Minimal seedbed preparation and soil covering will be acceptable. In wetland areas, the disturbed site will be graded to return the disturbance to the original surface elevation. Following seeding, the treated site will be mulched and the mulch anchored by an applicable means. Access to treated sites will be prohibited until vegetation has become adequately established. This alternative may be combined with supplemental fertilization, as necessary. The native seed mixture to be used is depicted in Table 3.1, below. TABLE 3.1: UPLAND SOIL STABILIZATION SEED MIXTURE (LOAMY TO CLAYEY SOILS) Preferred Rate Lbs. PLS/Acre PLS Species Varieties Planted (Broadcast) Seeded/Acre Slender wheatgrass Pryor, Revenue 9.5 1,520,000 Elymus trachycaulus Thickspike wheatgrass Critana 4.0 744,000 Elymus lanceolatus Western wheatgrass Rosanna, Arriba, Barton 10.5 1,323,000 Pascopyrum smithii Totals = 22.5 3,587,000 (~ 82 seeds/ sq. ft.) 12 4.0 POST- PLANTING WEED CONTROL PLAN SUMMARY This section summarizes the elements of the weed control plan to be prepared for the project area prior to and following the first growing season if weeds are deemed to be detrimental to project success or are required to be eradicated as per regulations. The completed plan will be submitted to governmental agencies, as required for review and approval. Given the presence of Canada thistle prior to development across the area where wetlands and uplands are to be established, major emphasis will be given to the control and eradication of this species during weed control activities. The weed control plan will be prepared by a Licensed Commercial Pesticide Applicator (LCPA). All subsequent weed control activities will also be conducted by an LCPA. The plan to be prepared will take the form of an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPM) that will consider all methods of control that would potentially be applicable to the project area. These methods include mechanical, chemical, cultural, and biological techniques. Prior to plan preparation, a visit to the project area will be conducted by the LCPA to assess site conditions, routes of access, weedy species present, the relationship of surrounding water / wetland bodies to the proposed areas to be treated, potential sources of run-on and run-off, and any other factors relevant to the weed control planning process. Given the presence of wetlands in the project area, initial emphasis will be given to weed control methods other than those of a chemical nature, though chemical controls do exist that are considered by the Corps of Engineers to be appropriate in such cases. Plant species to be considered as noxious weeds and controlled and/or eradicated at this project site are those listed as such by Larimer County and the State of Colorado. The lists of designated weeds for both the state and county can be found at http://www.co.larimer.co.us (Lists A, B, and C). 13 5.0 REVEGETATION SCHEDULES Excavation and grading may ordinarily occur during any month of the year when soil physical conditions permit. However, revegetation activities are typically more limited with respect to the time of year in which they should be completed and must be timed to coincide with a recognized planting season. The following tables depict two revegetation schedules that can be followed to achieve the mitigation and enhancement objectives set for this project. Site conditions and/or climatic variations may require that these schedules be modified somewhat to achieve revegetation success. The schedules do not reflect any weed control activities that may be employed on site and would be amended to incorporate such a program, if required. TABLE 5-1: FALL (DORMANT SEEDING) MITIGATION SCHEDULE Month Reclamation Technique J F M A M J J A S O N D Excavation/Grading Any month Resoiling and/or Ripping (if necessary) XXX Seedbed Material Sampling XXX Fertilization XXX Seedbed Preparation XXX Seeding XX Mulching (as specified) XX Shrub Seedling and Tree Planting (following year) XX Willow Cutting and Planting (following year before XX breaking bud) TABLE 5-2: SPRING MITIGATION SCHEDULE Month Reclamation Technique J F M A M J J A S O N D Excavation/Grading Any month Resoiling and/or Ripping (if necessary) XXX Seedbed Material Sampling XXX Fertilization XX Seedbed Preparation XX Seeding XX Mulching (as specified) XX Shrub Seedling and Tree Planting XX Willow Cutting and Planting (before breaking bud) XX 14 Note: Weather and surface conditions permitting, the earlier in the season spring planting is completed the higher the potential for revegetation success. 15 6.0 MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE No earth-moving activities will be permitted outside the boundaries of the wetland construction area except as provided for in the site development plans. Adjunct disturbances related to the installation of emergency erosion control or site stabilization measures are also exempt. All erosion control measures will be kept in good condition until the mitigation project is deemed acceptable by the City or it is obvious that the site is stable and the installed measures are no longer required as per City direction / approval. Within this time frame, any erosion control measure removed prematurely or damaged will be immediately replaced / repaired. The mitigation plantings will be inspected every three months during the first three growing seasons by an East Ridge representative (April through September) following planting. Areas of poor “seed take” will be noted. Any area remaining unvegetated by desirable species throughout the first three growing seasons will be reseeded following the application of appropriate seedbed preparation techniques during the next fall planting season. Shrub seedlings or tree plantings judged to be dead will be replaced as necessary to meet success requirements during the next appropriate planting season. In terms of surficial stability, the presence of rills and gullies, if any, will be noted. All gullies will be repaired at the first opportunity and reseeded / mulched at the next recognized planting season. All rills determined to be detrimental to the establishment of a stable, self-perpetuating vegetation community will be obliterated by surficial manipulation applied perpendicular to the contour or repaired as noted for identified gullies. If nutrient deficiency symptoms develop on revegetated areas, this condition will be remedied by adding the proper nutrients in the proper amounts. Where slips, slides, or slumps occur on slopes, such will be remedied as soon as soil conditions permit access and be replanted during the next recognized planting season. No mowing, trimming, or other similar vegetation modification activities will be permitted in the compensatory wetland mitigation, transition zone, or upland enhancement areas unless directly associated with a planned weed control activity or as directed / approved by the City. 16 7.0 PROPOSED MONITORING AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 7.1 General Specifications At the end of each of the first three full growing seasons following initial planting, the Wetland / Detention, Transition Zone, Water Quality Forebay, and LID Sand Filter features (project area) and Upland features will be monitored quantitatively and qualitatively to determine the overall level of mitigation / habitat enhancement success, site stability, and vegetation establishment. The results of this assessment will be submitted to the City in a report on or about December 31 of each monitoring year. As appropriate, recommendations will be made with respect to the continued maintenance (including weed control) and monitoring of the project area. Any actions deemed necessary to promote revegetation success and site stability will be taken as a result of each annual monitoring assessment. Areas dedicated to mitigation and enhancement must be free from erosion that would be detrimental to the success of the plantings in terms of wildlife habitat, soil stability, and esthetics, for the project to be deemed successful. In addition, recognized noxious weed species across the project area cannot exceed 5 percent of the herbaceous vegetation cover value. Monitoring will continue on an annual basis for three years or until the City judges this mitigation program to be a success. 7.2 Success Criteria 7.2.1 Wetland / Detention Area and Water Quality Forebays Compensatory wetland mitigation success will be judged based on four criteria. These criteria include the size of the wetland construction area successfully established, the wetland soil moisture regimes created, the percent ground cover of wetland-classed species present in the wetland construction area, and the percent survival of planted shrubs and trees. The size criterion will be met if the mitigation area qualifying as vegetated wetlands for all three features totals 3.19 + or –acres. The soil moisture regime criteria will be met if the mitigation area surface dedicated to the establishment of hydric species exhibits saturated conditions within the upper 16.0 inches of the soil profile and/or shallow flooding throughout the majority of the growing season as evidenced either by soil characteristics or the presence of sufficient wetland indicator species. Small ridges and potholes that enhance species diversity will be acceptable so long as these features do not compromise the overall integrity of the vegetated wetlands to be created. The average depth of free water over the construction site will be reported as will an estimate of the percent of the vegetated area overlain by free surface water. Surface water occurring in a mosaic with wetland species and representing a typical marsh community will not be included in the estimate of percent of open water present. 17 The wetland ground cover criterion will be met if, after three growing seasons, the total ground cover contributed by all grass, forb, and shrub species (including willow cuttings) present is equal to or greater than 80 percent, on average, and wetland-classed species (FAC, FACW, and OBL) are dominant on site (51+ percent relative cover) as compared to upland-classed (FACU and UPL) species. In addition, there will be no evidence of erosion detrimental to vegetation establishment or site stability. The percent of open water occurring over the surface of the construction areas will be considered a “null set” when calculating percent herbaceous ground cover, so long as such surface water does not indicate the formation of an "open water" system. The shrub (discounting cover by willow species that is included in herbaceous transect cover calculations) and tree plantings will be judged successful if, after three years, 90 percent of the shrubs and trees planted are alive in each community and in a vigorous condition. Volunteer trees and shrubs, as well as “daughter plants” resulting from natural expansion from those species planted will be counted toward satisfying the 90 percent success standard. Volunteer plants will be included in the total so long as the volunteer species exhibit the same level of wildlife habitat value as those originally planted. 7.2.2 Transition Zone and Upland Features The revegetation objectives of these communities are to successfully establish both shrub and tree species that will provide a significantly increased wildlife habitat value for the project area while also enhancing the esthetics of the area immediately adjacent to the Wetland / Detention area well as the buffer area in general. Seeding of grass and forb species on exposed soils will be completed to provide for site stability and esthetics. The grass and forb plantings will be considered successful if, after three years, the average plant cover values of transects run equals 75 percent. Shrub and tree planting success criteria will be the same as for the wetland plantings. 7.2.3 LID Sand Filters Success criteria for the shrub plantings will be the same as for the wetland plantings. Given the sandy nature of this water treatment feature, no success criteria are proposed for herbaceous plantings. Success will be judged on the condition of the surface with respect to the presence of erosion, if any, detrimental to site stability. 7.3 Soil and Plant Cover Sampling Technique Specifics – Herbaceous Plantings 7.3.1 Wetland / Detention Area and Water Quality Forebay Areas– Soil Profile Characteristics To determine the depth to which non-inundated soils are saturated, soil sample pits will be dug at total of five representative locations in the features. Each pit will be dug to a depth of 12.0-16.0 inches. The depth to saturation or flooding, if occurring, will be recorded. Soil matrix colors will be recorded to assess soil moisture regime characteristics. The presence of gleying or mottling will be noted and the 18 color and percent of mottles in the matrix will be recorded, if present. A sulfidic (H2S) odor will also be noted, if observed. 7.3.2 Herbaceous Plantings – All Features Plant cover will be evaluated using the point-intercept method. A 100-foot tape will be laid out across the surface of the area to be evaluated. An appropriate number of transects will be sited to represent the vegetation conditions common within each of the communities created. At each one-foot interval along each transect, a "hit" will be recorded. A hit will consist of vegetation (by species), “free water”, floating algae, or bare ground/rock/litter combined. The percent total plant cover will then be calculated for each transect. The relative cover contributed by both hydric and upland plant species will also calculated for the Wetland / Detention and Water Quality Forebay features. It is assumed that a maximum of 11 total transects will be evaluated across the project area. 7.3.3 Shrub and Tree Plantings – All Features Shrub and tree planting success will be assessed by a simple tally of the shrubs and trees planted in each project feature, by species, alive at the end of each growing season. Plant vigor will be recorded for each individual planting as “ viable”, “stressed”, or “dead”. Both viable and moderately stressed plants will be included in the success calculation. Seriously stressed plants will be selected for remedial planting on a case-by-case basis. 7.4 Reporting Information and showings to be submitted with each annual quantitative monitoring report include a project location map, a discussion of the conditions of the project area, a summary of the data collected, a list of all dominant species observed, copies of all data sheets completed in the field, and a continuation of the photographic record submitted with the first annual report. As appropriate, recommendations will be made with respect to the continued maintenance and monitoring of the mitigation and enhancement areas. 1 APPENDIX A: EAST RIDGE HOLDINGS, LLC’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT Wetland Functions and Values Analysis Fieldwork Conducted June 16, 2015 2 Introduction A meeting was held at the East Ridge project site on June 4, 2015 to determine if a functions and values analysis should be completed for the existing wetland to support the City’s development and permitting process. The meeting attendees included representatives from East Ridge, the City of Fort Collins and Cedar Creek Associates, Inc. (Cedar Creek). Following a review of existing site conditions, it was determined that an analysis would serve to support the permitting process and aid in the development of a wetland mitigation plan with a view to providing compensatory wetland mitigation for the acreage of wetlands proposed to be impacted by development activities. A formal functions and values analysis was then completed. Aerial imagery depicting the land uses and vegetation communities of the region surrounding the project area wetland (project wetland) was examined to determine what types of wetlands and Other Waters of the U. S. were present in the evaluation area, where such existed in relation to the project wetland, and how common these features are. This information was used to assess the uniqueness of the project wetlands, if any, with respect to the surrounding locale. Representatives of the City and Cedar Creek completed the functions and values analysis fieldwork on June 16. The fieldwork was completed by traversing the project wetlands and the adjacent uplands and judging the potential of the project wetlands to provide a variety of wetland and wildlife functions. In assessing the potential to provide these functions, the field team considered the location and size of the project wetland; its uniqueness within the region; existing surficial conditions; vegetation communities, diversity and vegetation productivity; hydrologic condition and potential; and any wildlife observations. The team then considered the observations made and “scored” the project wetland functions from 1 (low value) to 4 (high value) and produced the table included below. A “not applicable” (NA) score was also applied where appropriate. From this functional analysis, the overall value of the project wetland was determined. Project Wetland Site Location and Hydrologic Conditions At The Time of the Field Work The project wetland is located in a depression and surrounded by nearly level, fallow crop- and pastureland. An industrial facility lies to the south on adjacent property. The cropland was at one time irrigated but the irrigation was terminated some five plus years ago. The vegetation currently established in the pastureland and cropland is in a mature state and consists of both native and introduced grasses and forbs. The project wetland exhibits no open water and is characterized by a cattail community with a mixed deciduous forb component located primarily along the western and southern wetland borders. Three smaller wetlands, separated from the main wetland body and supporting a mix of hydric grass and forb plant species, lie along the southwestern and southern project wetland borders. A few trees and willows occur primarily along abandoned irrigation laterals and the southern border of the wetland. There are no broad wetland vegetation communities dominated by hydric shrub or tree species, as such, present in or surrounding the project wetland. The project wetland lies within a broad area characterized by various water bodies and conveyances. Terry Lake, Long Pond, and Lindenmeyer Lake lie some 4.5 miles to the northwest of the wetland while the Cache la Poudre River is about 1.0 mile to the south, adjacent to which are several gravel pit ponds. A similar grouping of ponds occurs approximately two miles to the west. Active irrigation ditches, natural drainages and small ponds occur in all directions from the wetland at varying distances and are all typically characterized by an open water element. 3 This wetland appears to be in a state of flux and may be, at least in part, transitioning to an upland condition. As detailed in the wetland re-delineation completed in June 2015 for this project, Google imagery showed possible open water on site in 2002 and by 2011 the site was completely vegetated with visible tracks caused, presumably, by heavy equipment and haying operations. The wetland and other Waters of the U.S. delineation conducted in 2004 resulted in a reduction in the area determined to be wetlands as compared to the previous areal imagery. The delineations conducted in March and June of 2015 continued to indicate that this wetland is shrinking. It is believed that this reduction in area is a direct result, at least in part, of the termination of irrigation for at least the past five years. Wetland Function Ratings The project wetland scores moderately high in terms of high biomass production. While much of the biomass is not suitable as fodder or food for wild or domesticated animals, it does provide a high level of soil stabilization, as no soil erosion was noted anywhere within the wetland boundaries. It also rates moderately high with respect to nutrient cycling and groundwater recharge given the depression topography. Wildlife Function Ratings Moderately high values for wildlife habitat, habitat diversity, cover availability, and roosting/nesting sites were accorded the project wetland. These values were deemed appropriate given this wetland’s position across the locale and its comparative uniqueness in the area as noted previously. Use of this feature was noted by a number of passerine bird species and it is believed to be used by both mourning doves and red-winged blackbirds for nesting sites. Mule deer were also observed during two site visits in the thicker cover at the southern end of the project wetland. It is believed that use by other wildlife species is limited. Project Wetland Value Rating While neither a large wetland, nor notably diverse or having an open water component, this feature lies somewhat isolated from other wetlands and open water bodies and therefore provides a vegetation community uncommon in the immediate area of existing crop- and pasturelands. It serves as an ecological feature characterized by high biomass production with a good potential to conduct nutrient cycling and contribute to groundwater recharge. In addition, the established cattail community provides a wildlife cover feature for several species that is lacking in the local area with the exception of one cattail stand to the north. It is not likely suitable habitat for either the Ute ladies’-tresses orchid or the Preble’s meadow jumping mouse given the vegetation communities and hydrologic regime observed. Therefore, the project wetland is accorded a medium value, overall. Project Note Since the fieldwork was completed on June 16, 2015, this wetland has been subject to the establishment of the noxious weed Canada thistle to the extent that this species dominates a major portion of the previously delineated wetland area. While the presence of this species does not significantly affect the previously determined function ratings, it does present a problem with respect to weed control following the establishment of the proposed compensatory wetland and enhanced upland vegetation communities. 4 TABLE: WETLAND FUNCTIONS AND VALUES EVALUATION Conducted June 16, 2015 (Scoring Protocol: 1 through 4; 1 = Low Value, 4 = High Value) Wetland Functions Aquatic diversity (no open water) NA Sediment retention removal (sediment remains on site given topography) 1-2 Flood Control (minimal given depression topography) 1 Water quality improvement (water remains on site and is not discharged) 1 High biomass production (disregarding wildlife or grazing animal usage) 3 Nutrient cycling (removes nitrogen from groundwater, possibly heavy metals) 2-3 Groundwater recharge (depression topography serves to retain water) 3 Groundwater discharge (groundwater likely remains as such; no surface discharge observed NA Soil stabilization (no erosion observed) 3 Bank stabilization (no banks, as such, surrounding depression) NA Wildlife Functions Refuge for T&E species (habitat for commonly considered species not present) 1-2 Wildlife habitat (higher than average rating given due to this site’s comparatively uncommon presence in area) 3 Habitat diversity (modest array of vegetation species present given the limited hydrologic diversity; few of shrub and tree species present) 2-3 Water availability (no open water) NA Forage availability (limited due to presence of Canada thistle and cattail) 2 Cover availability (good cover for specific passerine species not otherwise present in immediate area) 3 Roosting, nesting sites (good cover for specific passerine species not otherwise present in immediate area) 3 Refuge for sensitive species (dominant and subdominant wetland plant species common to this area) 2 5 APPENDIX B: REVEGETATION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS REVEGETATION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS MATERIALS, METHODS, AND TECHNIQUES Prepared for: HARTFORD COMPANIES Windsor, Colorado Prepared by: CEDAR CREEK ASSOCIATES, INC. Fort Collins, Colorado August 2015 1 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Material Specifications ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Fertilizer ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Commercially Purchased Seed ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Seedlings and Tree Stock ................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Native Hay or Straw Mulch .............................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Wood Fiber Mulch (Hydromulch) ..................................................................................................... 2 1.6 Erosion Control Matting ................................................................................................................... 2 1.7 Netting and Staples ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Care of Delivered Materials ................................................................................................................ 4 3.0 Technique Specifications .................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Ripping ............................................................................................................................................ 5 3.3 Seedbed Material Application .......................................................................................................... 5 3.4 Seedbed Material Sampling ............................................................................................................. 6 3.5 Disking ............................................................................................................................................. 7 3.6 Harrowing ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3.7 Broadcast Fertilization ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.8 Drill Seeding .................................................................................................................................... 8 3.9 Broadcast Seeding .......................................................................................................................... 8 3.10 Hydroseeding ................................................................................................................................ 9 3.11 Hand Raking .................................................................................................................................. 9 3.12 Seedling Planting ........................................................................................................................... 9 3.13 Willow Cutting Collection and Planting ........................................................................................ 10 3.14 Root and Tuber (Emergents) Planting ......................................................................................... 10 3.15 Tree Planting ............................................................................................................................... 10 3.16 Native Hay or Straw Mulching ..................................................................................................... 11 3.17 Hydromulching ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.18 Native Hay or Straw Mulch Netting .............................................................................................. 11 3.19 Native Hay or Straw Mulch Crimping ........................................................................................... 12 3.20 Erosion Control Matting ............................................................................................................... 12 1 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 REVEGETATION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS MATERIALS, METHODS, AND TECHNIQUES The following specifications have been written for Hartford Companies to aid in implementing the compensatory wetland mitigation / upland enhancement plan prepared for the East Ridge Project. These specifications may be used as a reference to develop formal bid packages should Hartford Companies prefer to contract out any or all of the field mitigation portion of this project. These specifications can also be used for guidance when erosion control measures must be employed on an emergency basis or to serve as a technical base when making future site stabilization or mitigation plantings. Specifications for a wide variety of materials and revegetation / mitigation techniques, other than those specified in the mitigation plan, are included herein should the purchase of such materials or use of such techniques be necessary for any reason. Where these specifications deviate from those promulgated by the City of Fort Collins, City specifications will take precedence. 1.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS The following specifications are presented to identify the quality of materials that should be purchased to complete revegetation / mitigation activities. Efforts should be made to follow these specifications, although minor deviations may be required due to the commercial availability of various materials within the region at the time of purchase. 1.1 Fertilizer All fertilizer material will be furnished in waterproof or water-resistant bags. Each bag must be marked with the weight and manufacturer's guaranteed analysis of the contents showing the percentage of each ingredient contained. 1.2 Commercially Purchased Seed Seed will be furnished in standard containers with seed name; lot number; net weight; and percentages of purity, germination, hard seed, and maximum weed seed content clearly marked for each type of seed. Seed supplies will not contain the seeds of any State-recognized noxious weed species. A certificate stating that each seed lot has been tested by a laboratory with respect to the above requirements will be delivered with the seed. Only certified seed of named varieties shall be used where varieties are specified and can be obtained. Sources for "common" seed should be those with climatic and elevational characteristics as close to project site characteristics as possible. Legume seed will be inoculated with the correct 2 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 rhizobium prior to shipping. All legume seed will be planted prior to the expiration date on the inoculum tag or reinoculated within 24 hours prior to planting. 1.3 Seedlings and Tree Stock All seedlings accepted will be true to type and name. All seedlings and stock will have well-formed tops and root systems and be free from injurious insects and plant diseases. Plants will be free from: 1) serious abrasions to roots, stems, and branches; 2) dried root systems; 3) thin root systems; 4) mold; 5) a dry, loose. or damaged soil mass; 6) root-bound conditions; 7) broken or malformed containers; and 8) sun-scald, wind, or freezing damage. Seedlings cut back from larger sizes to meet specified sizes will not be accepted. All stock will be "hardened off" prior to shipment so that stock is physiologically prepared for out-planting. 1.4 Native Hay or Straw Mulch Mulch will not be musty, moldy, caked, or decayed and shall be free of noxious weeds or noxious weed seeds. It will be delivered in an air-dry condition. The majority of stems should be 10 to 12 inches long or longer prior to application if the mulch is to be anchored by crimping. When the mulch is to be anchored by netting or a chemical tackifier, a majority of stems should be at least 6 inches long. 1.5 Wood Fiber Mulch (Hydromulch) Wood fiber mulch will be a natural, short fiber product, produced from clean, whole wood chips. The material should disperse readily in water to form a homogeneous slurry. The fiber, dye, and any tackifying agent to be used will be non-toxic to plant and animal species. The pH of the fiber material will be greater than 3.5. The mulch will be capable of remaining in uniform suspension in water under agitation. The mulch will be delivered to the site in standard manufacturer's packaging. 1.6 Erosion Control Matting Matting will be composed of a blanket of interlocking curled wool fibers overlain with cotton (only) netting as an integral component of the mat. The matting will be of uniform thickness with curled wood fibers spread evenly over the mat. Matting components will be non-toxic to vegetation and the blanket will be smolder resistant. The matting will not be moldy or decayed. Matting will be delivered in standard manufacturer's packaging. 3 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 1.7 Netting and Staples Cotton netting will be furnished in rolls and show little or no shrinkage after application. Staples will be U-shaped and be made of 11 or 12 gage steel wire. Staple lengths should be 6 to 8 inches for firm soils and not less than 12 inches for loose soils. 4 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 2.0 CARE OF DELIVERED MATERIALS Commercially purchased seedlings and tree stock will be delivered to the construction site as close to the time of planting as possible. Upon receipt of the shipment, plants will be inspected for moisture status and condition. All seedlings will be watered upon arrival, as necessary, to keep the root system in a moist condition. Watering will be repeated every four days, as needed, following this date until planting. No fertilizer materials will be applied to stored plants. Plants will be stored in such a manner as to: • avoid or reduce moisture stress, • avoid excessive heat or cold, • protect plants from wind and mechanical damage, and • provide a staging area for subsequent planting activities. All fertilizer, seed, and mulch materials will be retained in shipping bags until they are to be used. These materials will be stored in a protected area in a manner to prevent them from coming in contact with incident precipitation or surface water. All plant roots or tubers of wetland plant species purchased from commercial sources will be shipped and received in a moist condition. If not planted immediately, the stock will be refrigerated in a moist condition until the time of planting. 5 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 3.0 TECHNIQUE SPECIFICATIONS 3.1 General Areas outside the limits of the site(s) to be revegetated will not be disturbed, excepting those areas specifically set aside for staging, or as directed by the revegetation supervisor. On slopes accessible to common agricultural machinery, all operations will be conducted along the contour as governed by safety considerations. On slopes accessible to construction equipment, but inaccessible to agricultural machinery, all operations will be conducted so as to avoid creating conditions that increase or enhance downslope surface or subsurface flow patterns. On level or nearly level sites, as areal conditions permit, all equipment operations will be conducted perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. 3.2 Ripping Ripping will be accomplished by a dozer equipped with a single or twin set of ripper shanks. Ripping will be completed to a depth of at least 1 or 2 feet, as specified, on approximately 2- to 4-foot centers. Ripping will be completed at a speed that maximizes the action of the ripper shanks and promotes material disruption to the required depth. Material type and compaction levels will be major factors in determining tractor speed. An agricultural-type subsoiler may be substituted for the dozer/ripper implement. 3.3 Seedbed Material Application Seedbed material will be applied as soon as possible after grading and/or ripping. Seedbed material to be applied will be that previously identified as suitable for reapplication or that selected in the field for use by the field supervisor. Equipment utilized will be capable of applying this material in the prescribed manner given slope, application depth, and areal extent as well as material characteristic considerations. Seedbed material will be spread to an even depth as per resoiling specifications. The number of equipment passes over the site will be kept to the minimum necessary to properly complete material application and avoid unnecessary compaction. Seedbed materials should not be handled when such materials contain a moisture content, which would inhibit proper application or contribute to excessive compaction. The surface of reapplied materials will be left in a roughened condition to inhibit erosion while providing a proper surface for the application of subsequent revegetation techniques. 6 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 3.4 Seedbed Material Sampling General Procedures The laboratory selected to analyze the samples should be contacted at least 15 days in advance of the sampling period to aid in coordinating sample analysis with the beginning of revegetation activities on site. All samples should be taken with either a tile spade or soil auger. This equipment will be free of all foreign substances and rust. No galvanized tools should be used. Approximately 1 quart of material need be collected for each sample. All samples will be placed in clean polyethylene bags at the time of collection and securely sealed for delivery to the laboratory. All efforts should be made to deliver the samples to the laboratory as soon as possible. When samples cannot be delivered within 24 hours of collection, samples should be air-dried. Approximately 48 hours can be considered a sufficient time for air-dying. Samples should be dried in as dust-free of an environment as is possible. Specific Procedures Two samples need be collected representing the surface 24 inches of seedbed material at each sampling point. Where soil has been respread over the surface to be reclaimed, the upper sample will represent the depth of soil applied and the lower sample the sub-base material to a depth of 24 inches. Where soil has not been applied, two samples should be collected representing the 0 to 12 inch and 12 to 24 inch depths of seedbed material. For each set of samples, the average slope and estimated percent coarse fragment content by volume need be noted. At least two sets of samples should be taken within the mitigation area. The final number of samples to be collected will be at the discretion of the revegetation supervisor. Sample compositing for larger acreages is recommended. All sample site locations will be noted on a project map. Each sample should be analyzed at a minimum for: • pH, • texture (field method), • percent organic matter, • NH4-N and NO3 -N (ppm), • phosphorus (ppm), • potassium (ppm), • electrical conductivity (mmhos/cm), • lime estimate, and • sodium adsorption ratio ,if advisable. 7 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 Other parameters may be added where prior sampling results indicate the potential for plant establishment and growth constraints related to growth medium chemical or physical characteristics. Accompanying each composite sample should be a brief discussion of the area from which the sample was collected. The discussion should include comments concerning: • plant species to be established, • type of seedbed preparation techniques to be employed, • type of mulching practices to be employed, if applicable, • approximate slope, • any special problems or conditions such as weed infestation, and • past and future land use considerations. 3.5 Disking Disking will be applied as a seedbed preparation and fertilizer incorporation treatment on areas that will be seeded, as specified. To complete the disking operation, the disk will be towed behind an agricultural tractor at a speed that minimizes surficial disturbance and optimizes fertilizer incorporation to a depth of approximately 6.0 inches. 3.6 Harrowing Harrowing is the preferred method of seedbed preparation for areas which are accessible to revegetation equipment. A flexible-tine harrow is preferred where excessive amounts of rock fragments occur in the seedbed material. With respect to more conventional equipment, a spring-tooth harrow is preferred over a spike-tooth implement though both types are acceptable for use. Harrowing is applicable for seedbed preparation, incorporating fertilizer into the seedbed, and for covering broadcast seed. As with disking, passes over the seedbed should be kept to the minimum necessary to meet operational objectives. Fertilizer should be incorporated into the seedbed to a depth of approximately 6.0 inches. 3.7 Broadcast Fertilization Fertilizer will be broadcast over the seedbed using hand-operated "cyclone-type" seeders or rotary broadcast equipment attached to construction or revegetation machinery. When an area is disked or harrowed to complete seedbed preparation, broadcast fertilization can occur simultaneously with disking or harrowing to simplify the revegetation process. All equipment used will be equipped with metering devices. Fertilizer application will take place prior to the final seedbed preparation treatment to ensure the incorporation of fertilizer into the seedbed. Fertilizer broadcasting operations should not be conducted when wind velocities would interfere with even fertilizer distribution. 8 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 Fertilizer will be applied at rates commensurate with recommendations resulting from seedbed material sample analysis. All nutrients will be applied in a single application. The most soluble phosphorus fertilizer material should be selected for use. A slow-release type fertilizer is preferred as a source of nitrogen. 3.8 Drill Seeding Drill seeding is preferred for planting operations where aerial conditions permit. Drill seeding will be completed using a drill implement preferably equipped with the following features: • depth bands- to allow seeding at the proper depth, • seedbox agitator- to promote seed mixing, • seedbox baffels- to aid in even seed distribution among rows, • seed-metering device- to promote even seed distribution within rows, • furrow openers- to permit proper seed placement from seed spouts, and • drag chains- to aid in seed coverage To complete the drilling operation, seedboxes will be loaded with the seed mixture and the drill calibrated. Rice hulls or other inert materials, if necessary, can be used to promote seeding at the proper rate. The drill will be adjusted to plant seed to the proper depth. The depth of seeding will be approximately 0.25 to 0.50 inch under normal circumstances. Drill row spacing will be set at approximately 6 to 8 inches. The drill will be towed across the seedbed to complete the planting operation. Drill seeding will take place immediately following the completion of final seedbed preparation techniques. 3.9 Broadcast Seeding Broadcast seeding will be accomplished using hand-operated "cyclone-type" seeders or rotary broadcast equipment attached to construction or revegetation machinery. All machinery will be equipped with metering devices. Broadcasting by hand will be acceptable on small, isolated sites. When broadcast seeding, passes will be made over each site to be seeded in a manner to ensure an even distribution of seed. When using hopper type equipment, seed should be frequently mixed within the hopper to discourage seed settling and an uneven planting distribution of species. Broadcast seeding will take place immediately following the completion of final seedbed preparation techniques. Broadcast seeding should not be conducted when wind velocities would prohibit even seed distribution. The broadcast seeding rate for herbaceous species will be twice the rate of drill seeding. Woody species will be established by broadcast seeding methods only. 9 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 3.10 Hydroseeding This technique can be used on slopes too steep or wet for drill seeding. Seed will be applied in a separate operation and not combined with the mulching step. This technique will be applied immediately following fertilizer incorporation. The pH of the slurry will be greater than or equal to 5.0. The slurry will be agitated throughout the seeding process. During implementation, care will be taken to apply seed evenly over the area to be seeded. 3.11 Hand Raking This treatment can be used on sites too small or steep for the use of conventional machinery. The objectives of this technique are to prepare the seedbed for seeding, incorporate applied fertilizer into the seedbed, and cover broadcast seed. To accomplish these objectives, raking will occur over the entire disturbed area to the maximum depth feasible for seedbed preparation and fertilizer incorporation. Raking to cover seed will consist of a lighter treatment sufficient to provide a soil cover over the broadcast seed. 3.12 Seedling Planting Individual seedling planting sites will be staked or otherwise identified prior to seedling planting by the field supervisor. At each selected planting site, a circular area (planting circle) will be cleared of debris. The diameter of the circle will be approximately 12 to 24 inches depending upon the size of the seedling. The receiving hole will then be dug to a depth 2 to 4 inches deeper than that necessary for planting of bare-root or tubling stock and twice the size of the rootballs or containers for larger stock. Planting holes can be dug by hand or with a power auger. The hole will be of sufficient size to allow for positioning the seedling and tamping the backfill. After the hole has been formed, it will be partially backfilled with loose seedbed material to allow planting to the proper depth. The seedling will then be placed in the hole so that the root collar is slightly below the ground surface and the roots are positioned as straight as possible. Following seedling placement, the hole will be one-half backfilled with soil and then filled with water. The remainder of the seedbed material will be backfilled into the hole as rapidly as possible without displacing water from the hole. The backfill will be lightly tamped around the seedling. A second watering may be required to settle the backfill. Planting will be accomplished to the same depth as the seedling was grown in the container. Watering requirements may be waived when planting into saturated wetland mitigation areas. 10 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 A basin, which slopes gently from the outside of the planting circle to the seedling stem, will be formed from excess backfill material to aid in water catchment. The basin may be mulched with straw and the straw anchored by the appropriate means, if specified. Formation of a basin may also be waved when planting into saturated soil, subsoils, or growth media in wetland mitigation areas. 3.13 Willow Cutting Collection and Planting Willow cutting collection will take place from healthy, dormant willow stands in the late fall, winter, or early spring (preferable) when weather or snow conditions allow. Stems will be cut from the parent plant to a length of 12-18 inches, normally. Longer lengths will be needed for deeper planting to reach mid- summer ground water levels. The basal cut will be made immediately below a node. Stem diameters >0.5 inch are preferred. Stem material 1-2 years old will be preferred, avoiding thin, sucker stems. Side branches should be trimmed such that the cutting is a single stem and the top of the cutting sealed with a 50/50 paint/water mix or commercial sealant to reduce transpiration after harvesting. Viability of the donor plants will be maintained by selective cutting removal. Cuttings will be stored under freezing conditions, with a wet towel wrapped around the base of stem bundles to prevent desiccation, until the time of planting. Prior to planting, the lower one-third of the cutting should be soaked in water for a minimum of 24 ours prior to planting. To complete willow cutting planting, each cutting will be pushed into the ground, without damaging buds, such that less than half the cutting length remains above the seedbed surface. The planting site will be tamped to remove air pockets from around the cutting. The proximal end of each cutting will be dipped in indolebutyric acid (IBA) prior to planting to promote root formation. Stem "polarity" will be maintained throughout the cutting collection and planting process. 3.14 Root and Tuber (Emergents) Planting The planting of commercial root and tuber stock will follow the directions provided by the supplier in terms of planting depth, planting time, and the soil moisture regime best suited for the species selected for planting. Planting specifications for collected roots and tubers will parallel those provided by commercial suppliers. 3.15 Tree Planting Techniques to be used to plant trees will be those specified by the nursery supplying the stock or the contractor employed to plant the trees. In any event, the techniques noted under Seedling Planting regarding hole formation, backfilling, and watering will be observed when planting trees. In addition, the planting circle will extend from the drip line to the trunk of the tree, at a minimum. All stock over five feet 11 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 in height will be staked according to accepted procedures to promote tree stabilization. Stock will be watered during the first growing season following planting on a schedule to be determined by the revegetation supervisor. 3.16 Native Hay or Straw Mulching Mulching will be conducted immediately following seeding operations. The mulch will be spread evenly by hand or mechanical blower. When mulching slopes, application will be initiated at the top of the slope, working down-slope, where possible. Mulch will not be spread when wind velocities would prohibit even distribution. Approximately 2.0 tons of mulch per acre will be applied to all areas to be mulched. Native hay or straw materials will not be chopped so fine as to inhibit mulch effectiveness or proper anchoring. 3.17 Hydromulching This technique can be used on steeper slopes to provide a mulch cover on areas too small to permit native hay or straw mulching. Hydromulch will be applied at a rate greater than or equal to 1,500 lbs. of mulch per acre. Rates up to 3,000 to 3,500 lbs. per acre may be required for steeper slopes and or critical areas. A tackifying agent will be added to the slurry to ensure mulch stability. The pH of the mulch slurry will be greater than or equal to 3.5. This technique will be applied immediately after seeding but will not be applied under freezing conditions or over standing water. The hydromulch machine should be equipped with an emulsion induction system. The prescribed amount of water, mulch, and tackifying agent will be loaded into the mulch tank. (Seed will be applied in a separate operation.) These components will be mixed into a homogeneous slurry in the tank. The slurry will remain agitated throughout the mulching process and be applied uniformly over the seedbed to be treated. 3.18 Native Hay or Straw Mulch Netting Netting will be used to anchor applied native hay or straw mulch on all areas too steep for, or inaccessible to, agricultural machinery. Netting will be applied in the following manner immediately following mulch application. All rocks and debris which would inhibit the proper installation of netting will be removed from the slope prior to mulching. The netting will be applied over the straw smoothly but loosely without stretching from the top to the bottom of the slope. The top edge of the netting will be buried in a narrow trench 6 inches deep with staples anchoring the netting within the trench. Where netting ends meet, the upslope 12 S. G. Long – HARTFORD’S EAST RIDGE PROJECT – January 2016 end will overlap the downslope end by 4 inches. Where lateral edges of rolls meet, an overlap from either side of 4 inches will be made. Staples will be inserted on a 1-foot spacing along the top and bottom edge of the netting. Staples will be inserted every 4 feet down each edge and the center to form an x-shaped pattern. All staples will be inserted so that they are flush with the seedbed. 3.19 Native Hay or Straw Mulch Crimping Disking can be used to anchor applied native hay or straw mulch to slopes accessible to equipment. Disks used for this purpose will have dull and preferably notched, round-edged blades set straight. Crimping should be completed by traversing the entire mulched area and anchoring the mulch, by rows, approximately 3 to 4 inches into the seedbed on 8- to 12-inch centers. A mulch crimper is preferable and should be used in lieu of a disk implement, if available. 3.20 Erosion Control Matting Erosion control matting can be used to mulch steep slopes or as an erosion control backup for use in emergency situations. Matting will be applied in a down-slope fashion except for small, linear-oriented areas of cut- or fill-slopes. In such cases, the matting can be applied across the disturbed slopes. The application procedure described below will be followed. The surface will be treated to eliminate surface irregularities. Stones and rock fragments which would inhibit mulch placement will be removed. The matting will be applied smoothly but loosely over the surface without stretching. The upgrade end of the mat should be buried in a trench at least 6 inches deep, anchored with staples, and the trench backfilled and compacted. Where mat strips overlap, the mat will be placed so that the upgrade mat overlaps the downgrade mat by 6 to 12 inches. Adjacent mat strips will be overlapped approximately 3 to 4 inches. Matting will be anchored with staples driven flush with the seedbed, along each edge, and down the center of the mat. Staples driven at the edges will alternate linearly with those located down the center of the mat.