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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSUN COMMUNITIES - THE FOOTHILLS - PDP210001 - SUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS - ROUND 1 - ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT (4)Functional Assessment An understanding of the ecological functions of the stream and adjacent wetland and riparian areas can assist in the analysis and mitigation of potential impacts. Studies have recognized that riverine and palustrine systems provide particular functions to the environment. These functions are the physical, chemical, and biological processes or attributes vital to the integrity of riparian systems. Researchers recognize a variety of wetland and riparian functions that typically are related to water quality, biodiversity, and hydrological and ecological processes. The functions of wetlands within the project area were evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Colorado Wetlands (FACWet) – Version 3.0 method developed by the Colorado Department of Transportation (Johnson et al. 2013). The FACWet method is a rapid assessment that analyzes the physical and biological form and function of a wetland relative to its native state, or that of a reference standard wetland of the same type. The area of interest (AOI) for the FACWet is defined as “the spatial envelope which encompasses the entire area potentially impacted (directly or indirectly) by a project’s proposed activities” (Johnson et al. 2013). For this project, the AOI was determined by wetlands and waters that would be directly impact. The assessment areas are the total area of delineated wetlands and waters of the U.S. within the AOI that could be impacted directly or indirectly. The FACWet method is based on assessing how outside stressors impact eight fundamental variables, and then modeling the resultant effects on natural functions and overall conditions of the assessment site. The eight variables are habitat connectivity, contributing area, water source, water distribution, water outflow, chemical environment, geomorphology, and vegetation structure and complexity. The functions of the wetland are graded on a scale of 1.00 (A – Reference Standard) to below 0.60 (F – Nonfunctioning), similar to an academic grading scale. The FACWet evaluation yields a cumulative Functional Capacity Index (FCI) score for the assessment area, which relates the degree of FACWet state variable impairment with the overall capacity of the assessment area to perform seven key functions relative to its reference standard. • Support of characteristic wildlife habitat • Support of characteristic fish/aquatic habitat • Flood attenuation • Short- and long-term water storage • Nutrient/toxicant removal • Sediment retention/shoreline stabilization • Production export and food chain support The reference standard for wetlands in the project area is wetlands in the same HGM class with no human influence. Because the assessment identifies stressors affecting the wetland functions of a site, the information may be used to develop more effective compensatory wetland mitigation plans. Following is a brief summary of the results of the FACWet assessment within the assessment area. On November 20, 2020, Hidde Snieder with ERO identified ecological stressors in the wetlands and evaluated their effects on the eight FACWet site variables. The functional variable scores for the assessment areas in the survey area are provided in Table 1 and the FCI scores and composite scores are provided in Table 2. Data collected during the FACWet assessments are documented on the datasheets and figures are attached. Following is a brief summary of the results of the FACWet assessment within each of the assessment areas. Table 1. Variable scores for FACWet method. Variable 6750 College Ave Wetlands Habitat Connectivity 0.63 Contributing Area 0.77 Water Source 0.63 Water Distribution 0.65 Water Outflow 0.58 Chemical Environment 0.64 Geomorphology 0.72 Vegetation Structure and Complexity 0.68 *1.0 to 0.9 – Reference Standard; <0.9 to 0.8 – Highly Functioning; <0.8 to 0.7 – Functioning; <0.7 to 0.6 – Functioning Impaired; <0.6 – Nonfunctioning. Table 2. Functional capacity index scores. Function 6750 College Ave Wetlands Support of Characteristic Wildlife Habitat 0.69 Support of Characteristic Fish/Aquatic Habitat 0.63 Flood Attenuation 0.65 Short- and Long-Term Water Storage 0.62 Nutrient/Toxicant Removal 0.70 Sediment Retention/Shoreline Stabilization 0.68 Production Export/Food Chain Support 0.64 Composite Functional Capacity Indices (FCI) Score 0.66 *1.0 to 0.9 – Reference Standard; <0.9 to 0.8 – Highly Functioning; <0.8 to 0.7 – Functioning; <0.7 to 0.6 – Functioning Impaired; <0.6 – Nonfunctioning. Overall, the wetlands are functioning below a reference standard wetland and are rated as functioning impaired with a score of 0.66 (Table 2). The surrounding residential properties and urban development have affected the existing wetlands in the AOI and act as stressors on its habitat connectivity. In addition, the surrounding development has impacted water quality and caused an increase in stormwater runoff resulting in increased sedimentation and increased nutrient and toxic materials from urban runoff across the majority of the wetlands in the AOI. The wetlands also have several other stressors, including excess herbivory from surrounding prairie dog colonies, historical grazing a monoculture of aggressive vegetation and several List A, List B and C Noxious weeds. The wetland areas scored low due to the high degree of land use changes, changes to the geomorphology of the wetland by a historical berm in the AOI, and changes to the vegetation structure and complexity. Date of Evaluation: Evaluator Name(s): Geographic Datum Used (NAD 83): Elevation Stream Order:1 X 1:24,000 1:100,000 Other 1: X X Intent of Project: (Check all applicable)Restoration Creation X X Measured 4.59 ac.ac.ac. Estimated ac.ac.ac.ac. Assessment Area (AA) Size (Record Area, check appropriate box. Additional spaces are used to record acreage when more than one AA is included in a single assessment) Characteristics or Method used for AA boundary determination: Wetland Ownership:Private land Notes: Purpose of Evaluation (check all applicable):Mitigation Site Mitigation; Post-construction AA is mapped/delineated wetland habitat and OHWM in project area. This evaluation is being performed at: Total Size of Wetland Involved: (Record Area, Check and Describe Measurement Method Used)Estimated Project Information: Mitigation; Pre-construction (Check applicable box) 4.52 Monitoring Other (Describe) Enhancement Site Coordinates (Decimal Degrees, e.g., 38.85, -104.96): -105.069454, 40.492949 4,975 Project Wetland Potentially Impacted Wetlands USGS Quadrangle Map: Map Scale: (Circle one) Sub basin Name (8 digit HUC): Associated stream/water body name: ADMINISTRATIVE CHARACTERIZATION General Information Cache la Poudre; 10190007 Evaluator's professional position and organization: Tributary to Fossil Creek Site Name or ID: Project Name: 6750 College Avenue Fort Collins ECS Ecologist and Biologist, ERO Resources Corporation H. Snieder Loveland NAD 83 Location Information: Location Information: 6750 College Avenue 11/20/2020 6750 College Avenue 404 or Other Permit Application #: Applicant Name: Sun Communities X X If the above is checked, please describe the original wetland type if discernable using the table below. AA wetland was created from an upland setting. Water source Surface flow Precipitation Unknown Hydrodynamics Unidirectional Bi-directional Wetland Gradient # Surface Inlets # Surface Outlets Geomorphic Setting (Narrative Description. Include approx. stream order for riverine) HGM class Riverine Depressional Lacustrine Water source Surface flow Precipitation Unknown Hydrodynamics Unidirectional Geomorphic Setting (Narrative Description)Previous HGM Class Riverine Depressional Lacustrine Depressional wetlands that receive water from urban runoff Slope Historical Conditions Previous wetland typology 0 1 2 3 >3 Federally threatened or endangered species are KNOWN to occur in the AA? List Below. Groundwater Vertical Notes (include information on the AA's HGM subclass and regional subclass): AA includes delineated wetlands and channel within the OHWM in the project area (AOI). Federally threatened or endangered species are SUSPECTED to occur in the AA? Species of concern according to the Colorado Natural Heritage (CNHP) are known to occur in the AA? Describe the hydrogeomorphic setting of the wetland by circling all conditions that apply. HGM Setting Slope Depressional wetlands that receive water from urban runoff 0 - 2% 2-4% 4-10% >10% Over-bank 0 1 2 3 >3 ECOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 1 Groundwater Vertical AA wetland has been subject to change in HGM classes as a result of anthropogenic modification Organic soils including Histosols or Histic Epipedons are present in the AA (i.e., AA includes core fen habitat). Project will directly impact organic soil portions of the AA including areas possessing either Histosol soils or histic epipedons. Organic soils are known to occur anywhere within the contiguous wetland of which the AA is part. AA wetland maintains its fundamental natural hydrogeomorphic characteristics Current Conditions HYDROGEOMORPHIC SETTING The wetland is a habitat oasis in an otherwise dry or urbanized landscape? Special Concerns Other special concerns (please describe) The site is located within a potential conservation area or element occurrence buffer area as determined by CNHP? Check all that apply See attached map Water Regime Other Modifiers % AA Persistent Palustrine SubclassSystem ECOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 2 US FWS habitat classification according as reported in Cowardin et al. (1979). 100B Vegetation Habitat Description Palustrine ClassSubsystem EM Site Map Draw a sketch map of the site including relevant portions of the wetland, AA boundary, structures, habitat classes, and other significant features.Scale: 1 sq. = Hypersaline(7) ; Eusaline(8); Mixosaline(9); Fresh(0); Acid(a); Circumneutral(c); Alkaline/calcareous(i); Organic(g); Mineral(n); Beaver(b); Partially Drained/ditched(d); Farmed(f); Diked/impounded(h); Artificial Substrate(r); Spoil(s); Excavated(x) Floating vascular; Rooted vascular; Algal; Persistent; Non-Persistent; Broad-leaved deciduous; Needle-leaved evergreen; Cobble - gravel; Sand; Mud; Organic Examples Temporarily flooded(A); Saturated(B); Seasonally flooded(C); Seas.-flood./sat.(E); Semi-Perm. flooded(F); Intermittently exposed(G); Artificially flooded(K); Sat./semiperm./Seas. (Y); Int. exposed/permenant(Z) Lacustrine Palustrine Littoral; Limnoral Palustrine Rock Bot. (RB) Uncon Bottom(UB) Aquatic Bed(AB) Rocky Shore(RS) Uncon Shore(US) Emergent(EM) Shrub-scrub(SS) Forested (FO) Riverine Lower perennial; Upper perennial; Intermittent 0.62 1. On the aerial photo, create a 500 m perimeter around the AA. Condition Grade <0.6 F Non- functioning Notes: ERO estimated a historical wetland and riparian of 12.47 acre. ERO estimated a existing wetland and riparian of 5.63 acre. Total wetland/riparian habitat still present is 45.11%. Less than 25% of the historical wetland habitat area within the HCE still in existence (more than 70% of habitat lost). Wetland losses are absent or negligible or there is no evidence to suggest the native landscape within the HCE historically contained other wetland habitats More than 80% of historical wetland habitat area within the HCE is still present (less than 20% of habitat area lost). 80 to 60% of historical wetland habitat area within the HCE is still present (20% to 40% of habitat area lost). <0.7 - 0.6 D Functioning Impaired <0.9 - 0.8 Variable 1: Habitat Connectivity This sub-variable is a measure of how isolated from other naturally-occurring wetlands or riparian habitat the AA has become as the result of habitat destruction. To score this sub-variable, estimate the percent of naturally-occurring wetland/riparian habitat that has been lost (by filling, draining, development, or whatever means) within the 500-meter-wide belt surrounding the AA. This zone is called the Habitat Connectivity Envelope (HCE). In most cases the evaluator must use best professional judgment to estimate the amount of natural wetland loss. Historical photographs, National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps, hydric soil maps can be helpful in making these determinations. Floodplain maps are especially valuable in river-dominated regions, such as the Front Range urban corridor. Evaluation of landforms and habitat patterns in the context of perceivable land use change is used to steer estimates of the amount of wetland loss within the HCE. 2. The area within this perimeter is the Habitat Connectivity Envelope (HCE). Variable Score Rules for Scoring: 4. Outline the historical extent of wetland and riparian habitats (i.e., existing natural wetlands plus those that have been destroyed). Scoring Guidelines 5. Calculate the area of existing and historical wetlands. Divide the area of existing wetland by the total amount of existing and historical wetland and riparian habitat, and determine the variable score using the guidelines below. Enter sub-variable score at the bottom of p.2 of the Habitat Connectivity data form. 3. Within the HCE, outline the current extent of naturally occurring wetland and riparian habitat. Do not include habitats such as excavated ponds or reservoir induced fringe wetlands. - Use your knowledge of the history of the area and evident land use change to identify where habitat losses have occurred. Additional research can be utilized to increase the accuracy of this estimate including consideration of floodplain maps, historical aerial photographs, soil maps, etc. Less than 60 to 25% of historical wetland habitat area within the HCE is still present (more than 40 to 75% of habitat area lost). 1.0 - 0.9 The Habitat Connectivity Variable is described by two sub-variables – Neighboring Wetland and Riparian Habitat Loss and Barriers to Migration and Dispersal. These sub-variables were treated as independent variables in FACWet Version 2.0. The merging of these variables makes their structure more consistent with that of other composite variables in FACWet. The new variable configuration also makes this landscape variable more accurately reflect the interactions amongst aquatic habitats in Colorado’s agricultural and urbanized landscapes, which have a naturally low density of wetlands. The two Habitat Connectivity Sub-variables are scored in exactly the same manner as their FACWet 2.0 counterparts, as described below. The Habitat Connectivity Variable score is simply the arithmetic average of the two sub-variable scores which is entered on the second page of the Variable 1 data form. If there is little or no wetland or riparian habitat in the Habitat Connectivity Envelope (defined below), then Sub-variable 1.1 is not scored. SV 1.1 - Neighboring Wetland and Riparian Habitat Loss (Do not score if few or no wetlands naturally exist in the HCE) A Reference Standard B Highly Functioning <0.8 - 0.7 C Functioning x X X Condition Grade SV 1.1 Score 0.62 SV 1.2 Score 0.63 Variable 1: Habitat Connectivity p. 2 SV 1.2: Migration/Dispersal Barriers Add SV 1.1 and 1.2 scores and divide by two to calculate variable score <0.6Stressors = artificial barriersStressors Tertiary Roadway Bike Path Aquatic Organism Barriers Aerial exposure F Non-functioning <0.7 - 0.6 Variable Score <0.9 - 0.8 <0.8 - 0.7 1.0 - 0.9 B Highly Functioning Barriers impeding migration/dispersal between the AA and up to 33% of surrounding wetland/riparian habitat highly permeable and easily passed by most organisms. Examples could include gravel roads, minor levees, ditches or barbed-wire fences. More significant barriers (see "functioning category below) could affect migration to up to 10% of surrounding wetland/riparian habitat. Variable 1 Score Barriers to migration and dispersal retard the ability of many organisms/propagules to pass between the AA and up to 66% of wetland/riparian habitat. Passage of organisms and propagules through such barriers is still possible, but it may be constrained to certain times of day, be slow, dangerous or require additional travel. Busy two-lane roads, culverted areas, small to medium artificial water bodies or small earthen dams would commonly rate a score in this range. More significant barriers (see "functioning impaired" category below) could affect migration to up to 10% of surrounding wetland/riparian habitat. C Functioning AA is essentially isolated from surrounding wetland/riparian habitat by impermeable migration and dispersal barriers. An interstate highway or concrete-lined water conveyance canal are examples of barriers which would generally create functional isolation between the AA and wetland/riparian habitat in the HCE. A Reference Standard No appreciable barriers exist between the AA and other wetland and riparian habitats in the HCE; or there are no other wetland and riparian areas in the HCE. Scoring Guidelines D Functioning Impaired Barriers to migration and dispersal preclude the passage of some types of organisms/propagules between the AA and up to 66% of surrounding wetland/riparian habitat. Travel of those animals which can potential negotiate the barrier are strongly restricted and may include a high chance of mortality. Up to 33% of surrounding wetland/riparian habitat could be functionally isolated from the AA. 0.63 This sub-variable is intended to rate the degree to which the AA has become isolated from existing neighboring wetland and riparian habitat by artificial barriers that inhibit migration or dispersal of organisms. On the aerial photograph, identify the man-made barriers within the HCE that intercede between the AA and surrounding wetlands and riparian areas, and identify them by type on the stressor list. Score this variable based on the barriers’ impermeability to migration and dispersal and the amount of surrounding wetland/riparian habitat they affect. Rules for Scoring: 1. On the aerial photo, outline all existing wetland and riparian habitat areas within the HCE. This includes naturally occurring habitats, as well as those purposefully created or induced by land use change. 2. Identify artificial barriers to dispersal and migration of organisms within the HCE that intercede between the AA and surrounding habitats. Mark the stressors present with a check in the first column and describe the general nature, severity and extent of each. List additional stressors in empty rows at the bottom of the table and explain. 3. Considering the composite effect of all of identified barriers to migration and dispersal (i.e., stressors), assign an overall variable score using the scoring guidelines. Comments/description Ditch or Aqueduct Trilby Road to the north, College Ave to the west Secondary Highway Major Highway Artificial Water Body Railroad Fence Urban Development Agricultural Development Fence north of AA 100 Precent of AA with Buffer 26-50% of AA with Buffer 0-25% of AA with Buffer <0.9 - 0.8 <0.8 - 0.7 <0.7 - 0.6 <0.6 70-90% of AA with Buffer Non-functioning Functioning Impaired Functioning Variable 2: Contributing Area The AA's Contributing Area is defined as the 250-meter-wide zone surrounding the perimeter of the AA. This variable is a measure of the capacity of that area to support characteristic functions of high quality wetland habitat. Depending on its condition, the contributing area can help maintain wetland condition or it can degrade it. Contributing Area condition is evaluated by considering the AA's Buffer and its Surrounding Land Use. Buffers are strips or patches of more-or-less natural upland and/or wetland habitat more than 5m wide. Buffers are contiguous with the AA boundary and they intercede between it and more intensively used lands. The AA Buffer is characterized with three sub-variables: Buffer Condition, Buffer Extent, and Average Buffer Width. The Surrounding Land Use Sub-variable considers changes within the Contributing Area that limit its capacity to support characteristic wetland functions. Many of the acute, on-site effects of land use change in the Contributing Area are specifically captured by Variables 3 - 8. Rules for Scoring: 1. Delimit the Contributing Area on an aerial photograph as the zone within 250 meters of the outer boundary of the AA. 2. Evaluate and then rate the Buffer Condition sub-variable using the scoring guidelines. Record the score in the cell provided on the datasheet. 3. Indicate on the aerial photograph zones surrounding the AA which have ≥5m of buffer vegetation and those which do not. 4. Calculate the percentage of the AA which has a Buffer and record the value where indicated on the data sheet. 5. Rate the Buffer Extent Sub-variable using the scoring guidelines. 6.Determine the average Buffer width by drawing a line perpendicularly from the AA boundary to the outer extent of the buffer habitat. Measure line length and record its value on the data sheet. Repeat this process until a total of 8 lines have been sampled. 7. Calculate the average buffer width and record value on the data form. Then determine the sub-variable score using the scoring guidelines. 8.Score the Surrounding Land Use sub-variable by recording land use changes on the stressor list that affect the capacity of the landscape to support characteristic wetland functioning. 9. Enter the lowest of the three Buffer sub-variable scores along with the Surrounding Land Use Sub-variable score in the Contributing Area Variable scoring formula at the bottom of p. 2 of the data form. The Contributing Area Variable is the average of the two sub-variable scores. 51-69% of AA with Buffer 1.0 - 0.9 90 - 100% of AA with Buffer SV 2.2 - Buffer Extent SV 2.2 - Buffer Extent 1.00 Highly Functioning Reference Standard 1.0 - 0.9 <0.9 - 0.8 Buffer Condition Scoring Guidelines Buffer vegetation is predominately native vegetation, human-caused disturbance of the substrate is not evident, and human visitation is minimal. Common examples: Wilderness areas, undeveloped forest and range lands. Buffer vegetation may have a mixed native-nonnative composition, but characteristic structure and complexity remain. Soils are mostly undisturbed or have recovered from past human disturbance. Little or only low-impact human visitation. Buffers with higher levels of substrate disturbance may be included here if the buffer is still able to maintain predominately native vegetation. Common examples: Dispursed camping areas in national forests, common in wildland parks (e.g. State Parks) and open spaces. Reference Standard Highly Functioning Condition Grade SV 2.1 - Buffer Condition SV 2.1 - Buffer Condition Score % Buffer Scoring Guidelines 0.65 Subvariable Score Condition Class <0.8 - 0.7 <0.7 - 0.6 <0.6 Buffer vegetation is substantially composed of non-native species. Vegetation structure may be somewhat altered, such as by brush clearing. Moderate substrate distrbance and compaction occurs, and small pockets of greater disturbance may exist. Common examples: City natural areas, mountain hay meadows. Buffer vegetation is substantially composed of non-native species and vegetation structure has been strongly altered by the complete removal of one or more strata. Soil disturbance and the intensity of human visitation are generally high. Common examples: Open lands around resource extraction sites (e.g., gravel mines), clear cut logging areas, ski slopes. Buffer is nearly or entirely absent. Functioning Functioning Impaired Non-functioning Subvariable Score Record measured buffer widths in the spaces below and average. 20.79 67.36 228.5 33.65 76.88 250 11.04 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 X X X X Biological Resource Extraction No appreciable land use change has been imposed Surrounding Landscape. ( <0.6 The Surrounding Landscape is essentially comletely developed or is otherwise a cause of severe ecological stress on wetland habitats. Commercial developments or highly urban landscapes generally rate a score of less than 0.6. Land use changes within the Surrounding Landscape has been substantial including the a moderate to high coverage (up to 50%) of impermeable surfaces, bare soil, or other artificial surfaces; considerable in-flow urban runoff or fertilizer-rich waters common. Supportive capacity of the land has been greatly diminished but not totally extinguished. Intensively logged areas, low- density urban developments, some urban parklands and many cropping situations would commonly rate a score within this range. Buffer Score (Lowest score) 0.82 20.72 <0.7 - 0.6 Intensive Agriculture Orchards or Nurseries Livestock Grazing Variable Score Dams/impoundments <0.8 - 0.7 C Functioning Condition Grade Scoring Guidelines A Reference Standard 1.0 - 0.9 <0.9 - 0.8 Some land use change has occurred in the Surrounding Landscape, but changes have minimal effect on the the landscape's capacity to support characteristic aquatic functioning, either because land use is not intensive, for example haying, light grazing, or low intensity silviculture, or more substantial changes occur in approximately less than 10% of the area. Rural Residential Urban Parklands Residential development 250 117 Variable 2: Contributing Area (p. 2) Urban Stressors Stressors = Land Use ChangesPhysical Resource Extraction Artificial Water body SV 2.4 - Surrounding Land Use Score Line # SV 2.3 - Average Buffer Width Robert Benson Lake to the south 0.82 SV 2.3 - Average Buffer Width Score Buffer Width (m) <0.7 - 0.6 Trilby Road to the north College Ave to the West Condition Grade Catalog and characterize land use changes in the surrounding landscape and score.0.72 Average Buffer width is 31-100m Average Buffer width is 0-5mNon-functioning <0.8 - 0.7 SV 2.4 - Surrounding Land Use Functioning <0.6 Functioning Impaired 0.77Variable 2 Score+ D Functioning Impaired F Non-functioning Surrounding Land Use ) ÷ = 1.0 - 0.9 Surrounding Landscape has been subjected to a marked shift in land use, however, the land retains much of its capacity to support natural wetland function and it is not an overt source of pollutants or sediment. Moderate-intensity land uses such as dry-land farming, urban "green" corridors, or moderate cattle grazing would commonly be placed within this scoring range. Transportation Corridor Comments/description Dryland Farming Industrial/commercial Urban development B Highly Functioning Average Buffer width is 6-30m Avg. Buffer Width (m) Average Buffer width is 190-250m Average Buffer width is 101-189m<0.9 - 0.8 Highly Functioning Reference Standard 6 Buffer Width Scoring GuidelinesSubvariable Score T Scoring rules:XXXXXCondition Grade 0.63 Culverts or Constrictions Constrictions alongs ponds upstream Groundwater pumping Draw-downs Storm Drain/Urban Runoff Increased Drainage Area Mining/Natural Gas Extraction Point Source (urban, ind., ag.) From adjancent development Impermeable Surface Runoff Irrigation Return Flows Non-point Source Adjacent residential development has increased hydrology Variable Score Actively Managed Hydrology Comments/description Ditches or Drains (tile, etc.) Dams Diversions B Highly Functioning F Non- functioning Unnatural drawdown events common and of mild to moderate intensity and/or duration; or uniform depletion up to 50%; or moderate to substantial reduction of peak flows or capacity of water to perform work. Water source diminished enough to threaten or extinguish wetland hydrology in the AA. Variable 3 Score <0.9 - 0.8 <0.8 - 0.7 Frequency, duration or magnitude of unnaturally high-water great enough to change the fundamental characteristics of the wetland. Unnatural drawdown events occasional, short duration and/or mild; or uniform depletion up to 20%; or mild to moderate reduction of peak flows or capacity of water to perform work. Depletion Unnatural drawdown events minor, rare or non- existent, very slight uniform depletion, or trivial alteration of hydrodynamics. C Functioning Unnatural drawdown events occur frequently with a moderate to high intensity and/or duration; or uniform depletion up to 75%; or substantial reduction of peak flows or capacity of water to perform work. Wetlands with actively managed or wholly artificial hydrology will usually score in this range or lower. A Reference Standard Variable 3: Water Source This variable is concerned with up-gradient hydrologic connectivity. It is a measure of impacts to the AA's water source, including the quantity and timing of water delivery, and the ability of source water to perform work such as sediment transport, erosion, soil pore flushing, etc. To score this variable, identify stressors that alter the source of water to the AA, and record their presence on the stressor list. Stressors can impact water source by depletion, augmentation, or alteration of inflow timing or hydrodynamics. This variable is designed to assess water quantity, power and timing, not water quality. Water quality will be evaluated in Variable 7. Stressors <0.6 <0.7 - 0.6 Augmentation Unnatural high-water events minor, rare or non- existent, slight uniform increase in amount of inflow, or trivial alteration of hydrodynamics. Occasional unnatural high-water events, short in duration and/or mild in intensity; or uniform augmentation up to 20%; or mild to moderate increase of peak flows or capacity of water to perform work. Common occurrence of unnatural high-water events, of a mild to moderate intensity and/or duration; or uniform augmentation up to 50%; or moderate to substantial increase of peak flows or capacity of water to perform work. Common occurrence of unnatural high-water events, some of which may be severe in nature or exist for a substantial portion of the growing season; or uniform augmentation more than 50% or capacity of water to perform work. Wetlands with actively managed or wholly artificial hydrology will usually score in this range or lower. 1. Use the stressor list and knowledge of the watershed to catalog type-specific impairments of the AA’s water source. Mark the stressors present with a check in the first column and describe the general nature, severity and extent of each. List additional stressors in empty rows at the bottom of the table and explain. 2. Considering the composite effect of stressors on the water source, rate the condition of this variable with the aid of the scoring guidelines. D Functioning Impaired Transbasin Diversion 1.0 - 0.9 T Scoring rules:XAlteration of Water Source XXCondition Grade Historical active floodplain areas are almost never wetted from overbank flooding, and/or groundwater infiltration is effectively cut off. Less than 10% of the AA is affected by in situ hydrologic alteration; or more widespread impacts result in less than a 2 in. (5 cm) change in mean growing season water table elevation. Natural active floodplain areas flood on a normal recurrence interval. No evidence of alteration of flooding and subirrigation duration and intensity. Dikes/Levees/Berms Non-riverine Riverine Little or no alteration has been made to the way in which water is distributed throughout the wetland. AA maintains a natural hydrologic regime. <0.8 - 0.7 B Highly Functioning<0.9 - 0.8 D Functioning Impaired C Functioning In channel-adjacent area, periods of drying or flooding are common; or uniform shift in the hydrograph near root depth. 33 to 66% of the AA is affected by in situ hydrologic alteration; or more widespread impacts result in a 6 in. (15 cm) or less change in mean growing season water table elevation. Water table behavior must still meet jurisdictional criteria to merit this rating. Adjacent to the channel, unnatural periods of drying or flooding are the norm; or uniform shift in the hydrograph greater than root depth. Channel-adjacent areas have occasional unnatural periods of drying or flooding; or uniform shift in the hydrograph less than typical root depth. Between 10 and 33% of the AA is affected by in situ hydrologic alteration; or more widespread impacts result in a 4 in. (5 cm) or less change in mean growing season water table elevation. Artificial Banks/Shoreline Variable Score Weirs 0.65Variable 4 Score Comments/description Increased runoff due to urban development <0.7 - 0.6 <0.6 Ditches Ponding/Impoundment Culverts Variable 4: Water Distribution Ponding likely occurs by artificial berm constructed north of AA 2. Considering all of the stressors identified, assign an overall variable score using the scoring guidelines. In most cases, the Water Source variable score will set the upper limit for the Water Distribution score. This variable is concerned with hydrologic connectivity within the AA. It is a measure of alteration to the spatial distribution of surface and groundwater within the AA. These alterations are manifested as local changes to the hydrograph and generally result from geomorphic modifications within the AA. To score this variable, identify stressors within the AA that alter flow patterns and impact the hydrograph of the AA, including localized increases or decreases to the depth or duration of the water table or surface water. Because the wetland’s ability to distribute water in a characteristic fashion is fundamentally dependent on the condition of its water source, in most cases the Water Source variable score will define the upper limit Water Distribution score . For example, if the Water Source variable is rated at 0.85, the Water Distribution score will usually have the potential to attain a maximum score of 0.85. Additional stressors within or outside the lower end of the AA effecting water distribution (e.g., ditches and levees) will reduce the score from the maximum value. 1. Identify impacts to the natural distribution of water throughout the AA and catalog them in the stressor table. Road Grades Stressors More than 66% of the AA is affected by hydrologic alteration which changes the fundamental functioning of the wetland system, generally exhibited as a conversion to upland or deep water habitat. F Non-functioning Hardened/Engineered Channel Channel Incision/Entrenchment Enlarged Channel A Reference Standard1.0 - 0.9 Diversions Sediment/Fill Accumulation T Scoring rules: Alteration of Water Source XXCondition Grade <0.6 High- or low-water outflows are moderately affected, mild alteration of intermediate level outflow occurs; or hydrodynamics moderately affected. F Non-functioning 0.58 Road Grades Culverts Diversions Constrictions Variable Score Variable 5 Score Confined Bridge Openings B Highly Functioning The natural outflow regime is profoundly impaired. Down-gradient hydrologic connection severed or nearly so. Alterations may cause widespread unnatural persistent flooding or dewatering of the wetland system. Scoring Guidelines Stressors have little to no effect on the magnitude, timing or hydrodynamics of the AA water outflow regime.A Reference Standard D Functioning Impaired C Functioning Dikes/Levees Channel Incision/Entrenchment <0.8 - 0.7 <0.7 - 0.6 1.0 - 0.9 <0.9 - 0.8 Outflow at all stages is moderately to highly impaired resulting in persistent flooding of portions of the AA or unnatural drainage; or outflow hydrodynamics severely disrupted. High- or low-water outflows are mildly to moderately affected, but at intermediate ("normal") levels flow continues essentially unaltered in quantity or character. Variable 5: Water Outflow Stressors Comments/description Outflow is confined to a ditch north of the AA 1. Identify impacts to the natural outflow of water from the AA and catalog them in the stressor table. 2.Considering all of the stressors identified, assign an overall variable score using the scoring guidelines. Take in to account the cumulative effect of stressors on the wetland's ability to export water and water-borne materials. In most cases the Water Source variable will set the upper limit for the Water Outflow score. Ditches Weirs This variable is concerned with down-gradient hydrologic connectivity and the flow of water and water-borne materials and energy out of the AA. In particular it illustrates the degree to which the AA can support the functioning of down-gradient habitats. It is a measure of impacts that affect the hydrologic outflow of water including the passage of water through its normal low- and high-flow surface outlets, infiltration/groundwater recharge, and the energetic characteristics of water delivered to dependent habitats. In some cases, alteration of evapotranspiration rates may be significant enough of a factor to consider in scoring. Score this variable by identifying stressors that impact the means by which water is exported from the AA. To evaluate this variable focus on how water, energy and associated materials are exported out of the AA and their ability it support down-gradient habitats in a manner consistent with their HGM (regional) subclass. Because the wetland’s ability to export water and materials in a characteristic fashion is to a very large degree dependent the condition of its water source, as with the Water Distribution variable, in most cases the Water Source variable score will define the upper limit Water Outflow score . Hardened/Engineered Channel Artificial Stream Banks Comments Dredging/Excavation/Mining XXGrading Compaction Plowing/Disking Excessive Sedimentation Dumping Hoof Shear/Pugging Aggregate or Mineral Mining Sand Accumulation Channel Instability/Over Widening Excessive Bank Erosion Channelization Reconfigured Stream Channels Artificial Banks/Shoreline Beaver Dam Removal Substrate Embeddedness Lack or Excess of Woody Debris Condition Grade Scoring Rules: 1. Identify impacts to geomorphological setting and topography within the AA and record them on the stressor checklist.GeneralThis variable is a measure of the degree to which the geomorphic setting has been altered within the AA. Changes to the surface configuration and natural topography constitute stressors. Such stressors may be observed in the form of fill, excavation, dikes, sedimentation due to absence of flushing floods, etc. In riverine systems, geomorphic changes to the stream channel should be considered if the channel is within the AA (i.e, small is size). Alterations may involve the bed and bank (substrate embeddedness or morphological changes), stream instability, and stream channel reconfiguration. Geomorphic changes are usually ultimately manifested as changes to wetland surface hydrology and water relations with vegetation. Geomorphic alterations can also directly affect soil properties, such as near-surface texture, and the wetland chemical environment such as the redox state or nutrient composition in the rooting zone. In rating this variable, do not include these resultant effects of geomorphic change; rather focus on the physical impacts within the footprint of the alteration within the AA – For example, the width and depth of a ditch or the size of a levee within the AA would describe the extent of the stressors. The secondary effects of geomorphic change are addressed by other variables. All alterations to geomorphology should be evaluated including small-scale impacts such as pugging, hoof sheer, and sedimentation which can be significant but not immediately obvious. Border of the AA has histroically been graded Stressors Variable 6: Geomorphology <0.8 - 0.7 Scoring GuidelinesVariable Score 1.0 - 0.9 A Reference Standard <0.9 - 0.8 2.Considering all of the stressors identified, assign an overall variable score using the scoring guidelines. Channels OnlyFill, including dikes, road grades, etc.Area along the northern border of the AA is diked and bermed 0.64Variable 6 Score Topography essentially unaltered from the natural state, or alterations appear to have a minimal effect on wetland functioning and condition. Patch or microtopographic complexity may be slightly altered, but native plant communities are still supported. Alterations to topography result in small but detectable changes to habitat conditions in some or all of the AA; or more severe impacts exist but affect less than 10% of the AA. B Highly Functioning Changes to AA topography may be pervasive but generally mild to moderate in severity. May include patches of more significant habitat alteration; or more severe alterations affect up to 20 % of the AA. D Functioning Impaired At least one important surface type or landform has been eliminated or created; microtopography has been strongly impacted throughout most or all of the AA; or more severe alterations affect up to 50% of the AA. Evidence that widespread diminishment or alteration of native plant community exist due to physical habitat alterations. Most incidentally created wetland habitat such as that created by roadside ditches and the like would score in this range or lower. C Functioning <0.6 F Non- functioning <0.7 - 0.6 Pervasive geomorphic alterations have caused a fundamental change in site character and functioning, commonly resulting in a conversion to upland or deepwater habitat. Scoring rules: X X X X X X X X X CDPHE Impairment/TMDL List CDPHE Impairment/TMDL List Reservoir/Power Plant Discharge Industrial Discharge Mechanical Soil Disturbance CDPHE Impairment/TMDL List Unnatural Saturation/Desaturation Cumulative Watershed NPS 0.68 -If the AA is part of a water body that is recognized as impaired or recommended for TMDL development for one of the factors, then score that sub-variable 0.65 or lower. 3. For each sub-variable, determine its score using the scoring guideline table provided on the second page of the scoring sheet. Scoring sub-variables is carried out in exactly the same way as normal variable scoring. Nearby Industrial Sites 0.63 0.72 0.65 0.73 No shading evident Livestock Excessive Temperature Regime SV 7.3 Toxic contamination/ pH Storm Water Runoff Cumulative Watershed NPS SV 7.4 Temperature Lack of Shading Road Drainage/Runoff Point Source Discharge Dumping/introduced Soil Metal staining on rocks and veg. Acid Mine Drainage SV 7.5 Soil chemistry/ Redox potential Historical horse pasture Fish/Wildlife Impacts Vegetation Impacts Artificial berm Urbanized landscape Urbanized landscape CDPHE Impairment/TMDL List Recent Chemical Spills Agricultural Runoff Agricultural Runoff Urbanized landscape SV 7.2 Sedimentation/ Turbidity Cumulative Watershed NPS Excessive Turbidity Fine Sediment Plumes Nearby Construction Site Excessive Deposition Excessive Erosion Nearby development 1. Stressors are grouped into sub-variables which have a similar signature or set of causes. Variable 7: Water and Soil Chemical Environment Comments 2. Use the indicator list to identify each stressor impacting the chemical environment of the AA. This variable concerns the chemical environment of the soil and water media within the AA, including pollutants, water and soil characteristics. The origin of pollutants may be within or outside the AA. Score this variable by listing indicators of chemical stress in the AA. Consider point source and non-point sources of pollution, as well as mechanical or hydrologic changes that alter the chemical environment. Because water quality frequently cannot be inferred directly, the presence of stressors is often identified by the presence of indirect indicators. Five sub-variables are used to describe the Water and Soil Chemical Environment: Nutrient Enrichment/Eutrophication/Oxygen; Sedimentation/Turbidity; Toxic Contamination/pH; Temperature; and Soil Chemistry and Redox Potential. Utilization of web-based data mining tools is highly recommended to help inform and support variable scores. 4. Transcribe sub-variable scores to the following variable scoring page and compute the sum. Excessive Algae or Aquatic Veg. SV 7.1 Nutrient Enrichment/ Eutrophication/ Oxygen (D.O.) Agricultural Runoff Septic/Sewage Livestock Cumulative Watershed NPS 5. The lowest sub-variable score sets the letter grade range. The composite of sub-variables influences the score within that range. Urbanized landscape Sub- variable Score Sub-variable Stressor Indicator CDPHE Impairment/TMDL List ++++= The factor scores sum >3.0 but ≤3.5 Single Factor F Non- functioning 0.72 A Reference Standard Any single factor scores ≥ 0.8 but < 0.9 The factor scores sum < 3.0 Any single factor scores ≥ 7.0 but < 0.8 Composite Score <0.9 - 0.8 < 0.6 Temperature0.63 0.65 <0.7 - 0.6 Any single factor scores ≥ 0.6 but <0.7 C Functioning Toxic contamination/pHVariable 7: Water and Soil Chemical Environment p.2 D Functioning Impaired B Highly Functioning 1.0 - 0.9 The factor scores sum >4.0 but ≤4.5 The factor scores sum >3.5 but ≤ 4.0 No single factor scores < 0.9 The factor scores sum > 4.5 <0.8 - 0.7 Sub-variable Scoring Guidelines Variable Score Condition GradeNutrient enrichment/Eutrophication/Oxygen (D.O.)C Functioning <0.9 - 0.8 <0.8 - 0.7 Sedimentation/TurbidityInput each sub-variable score from p. 1 of the V7 data form and calculate the sum. Use the table to score the Chemical Environment Variable circling the applicable scoring rules. Scoring Rules Scoring Guidelines Stress indicators not present or trivial.A Reference Standard <0.6 Variable Score Condition Class <0.7 - 0.6 D Functioning Impaired 1.0 - 0.9 B Highly Functioning 0.72 Stress indicators scarcely present and mild, or otherwise not occurring in more than 10% of the AA. Stress indicators present at mild to moderate levels, or otherwise not occurring in more than 33% of the AA. Stress indicators present at moderate to high levels, or otherwise not occurring in more than 66% of the AA Stress indicators strongly evident throughout the AA at levels which apparently alter the fundamental chemical environment of the wetland system Variable 7 Score Any single factor scores < 0.6 3.41 F Non-functioning Sum of Sub-variable Scores0.680.72 0.73 Soil chemistry/Redox potential Aquatic x x x x ====Condition Grade = Veg. Layer Sub- variable Score 0.680.82 0.72 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CURRENT COVERAGE AND REFERENCE/EXPECTED See sub-variable scoring guidelines on following page Reference/Expected % Cover of Layer 0.10 0.25 90.00 90.35 <0.6 Sub-variable 8 Scoring Guidelines: Variable Score Variable 8 Score D Functioning Impaired <0.7 - 0.6 C Functioning<0.8 - 0.7 Stressors present with enough intensity to cause significant changes in the character of vegetation, including alteration of layer coverage, structural complexity and species composition. The vegetation layer retains its essential character though. AA's with a high proportion of non-native grasses will commonly fall in this class. Stress related change should generally be less than 33% for any given attribute (e.g., 33% cover of invasive, 33% reduction in richness or cover) if the stressor is evenly distributed throughout the wetland. Stress related change could be as much as 66% for a given attribute if stressors are confined to patches comprising less than 25% of the wetland. F Non- functioning Stressor intensity severe enough to cause profound changes to the fundamental character of the vegetation layer. Stress-related change should generally be less than 66% for any given attribute (e.g., 66% cover of invasive, 66% reduction in richness or cover) if the stressor is evenly distributed throughout the wetland. Stress related change could be as much as 80% of a given attribute if stressors are confined to patches comprising less than 50% of the wetland. Vegetation layer has been completely removed or altered to the extent that is no longer comparable to the natural structure, diversity and composition. Scoring Guidelines Based on the list of stressors identified above, rate the severity of their cumulative effect on vegetation structure and complexity for each vegetation layer. Stressors present at intensity levels sufficient to cause detectable, but minor, changes in layer composition. Stress related change should generally be less than 10% for any given attribute (e.g., 10% cover of invasive, 10% reduction in richness or cover) if the stressor is evenly distributed throughout the wetland. Stress related change could be as high as 33% for a given attribute if stressors are confined to patches comprising less than 10% of the wetland. A Reference Standard B Highly Functioning Stressors not present or with an intensity low enough as to not detectably affect the structure, diversity or composition of the vegetation layer.1.0 - 0.9 <0.9 - 0.8 0.68 Variable 8: Vegetation Structure and Complexity p. 2 61.462 x Noxious Weeds Exotic/Invasive spp. Tree Harvest Brush Cutting/Shrub Removal Livestock Grazing X +++= ÷ 0.08 0.18 61.20 Over Saturation Weighted Sub-variable Score Dewatering Historical grazing Prairie dogs Variable 8: Vegetation Structure and Complexity 4. Record the Reference Standard or expected percent coverage of each vegetation layer to create the sub-variable weighting factor. The condition of predominant vegetation layers has a greater influence on the variable score than do minor components. 5. Enter the percent cover values as decimals in the row of the stressor table labeled " Reference/expected Percent Cover of Layer". Note, percentages will often sum to more than 100% (1.0). 1. Determine the number and types of vegetation layers present within the AA. Make a judgment as to whether additional layers were historically present using direct evidence such as stumps, root wads or historical photographs. Indirect evidence such as local knowledge and expert opinion can also be used in this determination. 2. Do not score vegetation layers that would not normally be present in the wetland type being assessed. Rules for Scoring: This variable is a measure of the condition of the wetland's vegetation relative to its native state. It particularly focuses on the wetland's ability to perform higher-order functions such as support of wildlife populations, and influence primary functions such as flood-flow attenuation, channel stabilization and sediment retention. Score this variable by listing stressors that have affected the structure, diversity, composition and cover of each vegetation stratum that would normally be present in the HGM (regional) subclass being assessed. For this variable, stressor severity is a measure of how much each vegetation stratum differs functionally from its natural condition or from the natural range of variability exhibited the HGM subclass or regional subclass. This variable has four sub- variables, each corresponding to a stratum of vegetation: Tree Canopy; Shrub Layer; Herbaceous Layer; and Aquatics. 6. Determine the severity of stressors acting on each individual canopy layers, indicating their presence with checks in the appropriate boxes of the stressor table. The difference between the expected and observed stratum coverages is one measure of stratum alteration. 7. Determine the sub-variable score for each valid vegetation layer using the scoring guidelines on the second page of the scoring sheet. Enter each sub-variable score in the appropriate cell of the row labeled "Veg. Layer Sub-variable Score". If a stratum has been wholly removed score it as 0.5. 8. Multiply each layer's Reference Percent Cover of Layer score by its Veg. Layer Sub-variable scores and enter the products in the labled cells. These are the weighted sub-variable scores. Individually sum the Reference Percent Cover of Layer and Weighted Sub- variables scores. Current % Coverage of Layer x Tree Shrub Herb Cattails 3. Estimate and record the current coverage of each vegetation layer at the top of the table. Stressor Multiple List A List B and C species Cattails X x 9. Divide the sum of "Veg. Layer Sub-variable Scores" by the total coverage of all layers scored. This product is the Variable 8 score. Enter this number in the labeled box at the bottom of this page. Vegetation Layers 5 90 Comments xLoss of Zonation/Homogenization Excessive Herbivory Mowing/Haying Herbicide Scoring Procedure: Functional Capacity Indices Function 1 -- Support of Characteristic Wildlife Habitat V1connect +V2CA +(2 x V8veg) 0.63 +0.77 +1.36 +++=2.76 ÷ 4 = Function 2 -- Support of Characteristic Fish/aquatic Habitat (3 x V3source)+(2 x V4dist)+(2 x V5outflow)+V6geom +V7chem 1.89 +1.30 +1.16 +0.64 +0.72 +=5.71 ÷ 9 = Function 3 -- Flood Attenuation V2CA +(2 x V3source)+(2 x V4dist)+(2 x V5outflow)+V6geom +V8veg 0.77 +1.26 +1.30 +1.16 +0.64 +0.68 =5.81 ÷ 9 = Function 4 -- Short- and Long-term Water Storage V3source +(2 x V4dist)+(2 x V5outflow)V6geom 0.63 +1.30 +1.16 +0.64 ++=3.73 ÷ 6 = Function 5 -- Nutrient/Toxicant Removal (2 x V2CA)+(2 x V4dist)+V6geom V7chem 1.54 +1.30 +0.64 +0.72 ++=4.20 ÷ 6 = Function 6 -- Sediment Retention/Shoreline Stabilization V2CA +(2 x V6geom)+(2 x V8veg) 0.77 +1.28 +1.36 +++=3.41 ÷ 5 = Function 7 -- Production Export/Food Chain Support V1connect +(2 x V5outflow)+V6geom +V7chem +(2 x V8veg) 0.63 +1.16 +0.64 +0.72 +1.36 +=4.51 ÷ 7 = Variable 3:Buffer & Landscape Context4. Divide the total functional points achieved by the functional points possible. The typical number of total points possible is provided, however, if a variable is added or subtracted to FCI equation the total possible points must be adjusted Habitat Connectivity (Connect) Water Distribution (Dist) Water Source (Source) Contributing Area (CA) 0.63 0.65Variable 4: Geomorphology (Geom) Vegetation Structure and Complexity (Veg) 0.77 FACWet Score Card Variable 1: Variable 2: 5. Calculate the Composite FCI, by adding the FCI scores and dividing by the total number of functions scored (usually 7). 6. If scoring is done directly in the Excel spreadsheet, all values will be transferred and calculated automatically. VARIABLE SCORE TABLE 1. Transcribe variable scores from each variable data sheet to the corresponding cell in the variable score table. 0.68 0.72HydrologyVariable 5: 2. In each Functional Capacity Index (FCI) equation, enter the corresponding variable scores in the equation cells. Do not enter values in the crossed cells lacking labels. 3. Add the variable scores to calculate the total functional points achieved for each function.Abiotic and Biotic HabitatVariable 6: Variable 7:Chemical Environment (Chem) 0.64 4.62 Variable 8: Total Functional Points 0.63 Composite FCI Score Divide by the Number of Functions Scored 0.58Water Outflow (Outflow) Sum of Individual FCI Scores 0.64 ÷ 7 0.68 FCI 0.66 0.69 0.63 0.65 0.62 0.70 Prepared for: Sun Communities, Inc. File: 10761 FACWet W1.mxd (WH)November 2, 2020 ± Figure X Functional Wetland Assessment 6750 College Avenue Portions of this docum ent include intelle ctual property of ESRI and its licensors and are use d here in unde r license. Copyright © 2019 ESR I and its licensors. All r ights re serve d. 0 700350feet Habitat Connectivity Envelope (500 m) Historical Riparian Habitat Image Source: Maxar Vivid©, March 17, 2019Path: P:\10700 Projects\10761 - 6750 College Ave Wetland Delineation\Maps\FACWet\10761 FACWet W1.mxd Prepared for: Sun Communities, Inc. File: 10761 FACWet W1.mxd (WH)November 10, 2020 ± Figure X Functional Wetland Assessment 6750 College Avenue Portions of this docume nt include intellectual prope rty of ESRI and its lice ns ors and are used herein under license. Copyright © 2019 ESRI and its licensors. All rights reserved. 0 700350feet Assessment Area Habitat C onnectivity Envelope (50 0 m) Contributing Area (250 m) Existing Artificial Riparian Habitat Existing Natural Wetland and Riparian Habitat Historical Riparian Habitat Landuse Low Impact Grazing Rural Development Urban Development Area of Interest Migration/ Dispersal Barrier Image Source: Maxar Vivid©, Marc h 17, 2019Path: P:\10700 Projects\10761 - 6750 College Ave Wetland Delineation\Maps\FACWet\10761 FACWet W1.mxd