The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink About030 - 12/13/1924 - RELATING TO THE BUILDING CODE AND PROVIDING RULES AND REGULATIONS THEREUNDER (EMERGENCY ORDINANCE) ORDINANCE NO 30, 1924s BEING AN EIIERGE14CY ORDINANCE, RELATING TO BUILDING CODE FOR THE CITY OF FORT COLLIN6, COLORADO, AND PRUVIDING RULES AND REGULATIONS THEREUNDER BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THB CITY OF FORT COLLINS At AA �T\TT IT Cr / ' PART I G21TERAL PROVISIONS Section 1 Scope if 2 Definitions it 3 Permits IT 4 Certificate of Occupancy it 5 Rignt of Entry IT 6 The Building Inspector " 7 Duties of the Building Inspector ' 8 Fees for Per-nits " 9 Fire Limits PART II CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDIN39 BY OCCUPANCY I Section 10 Types of Construction " 11 Fireproof Construction it lla Semi-fireproof Construction it 12 Fire-resistive Construction it 13 Mill Construction " 14 Ordinary Construction " 15 Frame Construction " 16 Limited Construction ( vithin the fire distric PART III CLASSIFIC TION OF BUILDIN(xS BY OCCUPANCY Section 17 Various Groups IT 18 Public Buildings " 19 Residence Buildings " 20 Business Buildings " 21 Doubtful Classiiication ^ 22 Mixed Occupancy " 23 Buildings required to be Fireproof " 23a Buildings required to be Semi-fireproof " 24 Buildings required to be Fire-resistive IT 25 Buildings required to be i4ill Construction it 26 Buildings permitted of Ordinary Construction it 27 Buildings and Structures permitted of Frame It Construction (inside the fire limits ) 28 Buildings permitted of Frame Construction (outside the fire limits ) IT 28a Tabular Summary of Building Classifications PART IV PERIESSABLE AREA OF LOT OCCUPIED Section 29 PART V EdCAVATIOffS AND FOUNDATIONS Section 30 Excavations--safeguarding It 31 Retaining Wall--when necessary it 32 Excavations affecting adjoining property " 33 Foundations adjoining party walls it 34 Bearing Capacity of Soil it 35 Foundation Walls it 36 Footings It 37 Pile Foundations Q PART VI PILRS AND WALLS IN GENERAL Sec+ion 38 Piers " 39 Walls it 40 Stone Walls it 41 Ashlar IT 42 Mortar for Walls it 43 Thickness of Brick Walls " 44 Panel or Enclosure Walls ^ 45 Curtain Walls " 46 Fire Walls " 47 Parapet Walls " 48 Hollow Building Block Walls " 49 Existing Walls " 50 %rred 'Valls and Hollow Walls " 51 Recesses and Chases in Walls " 52 Arches and Lintels " 53 Walls of Unfinished Buildings PART VII HEIGTITS AND AREAS Section 54 Feight of Buildings if 55 Allowable Floor Areas PART VIII ALLO1VABLE LOADS Section 56 Floor Loads it 57 Roof Loads " 58 Column Loads " 59 Sidewalk Loads ' 60 Loads on 2xisting Floors PART IX EXIT FACILITIES Section 61 Number and Width of Exits and Doors ^ 62 Width and Construction—Public Hallways " 63 Interior Stairs " 64 Treads and Risers ^ 65 Landings " 66 Handrails " 67 Exterior Stairways " 68 Reouirements for Exits ana Stairways " 69 Exits and Protection of Existing Buildings IT 70 Engineers Stationery Ladders PART X STRENGTH QUALITY AND WEIGHT OF MATERIALS Section 71 Tests it 72 Brick IT 73 Sand it 74 Lime " 75 Lime Plaster " 76 Cement ^ 77 Mortar " 78 Gypsum Mortar or Plaster " 79 Building Blocks ^ 80 Hollow Building Tile for Floors " 81 Concrete r' 82 Structural Timber ^ 83 Structural Steel and Iron " 84 Weights of Materials PART XI VIORLING STRESSES Section 85 Computations " 86 Permissable Working Stresses if 87 Working Stresses for Columns it 88 Wind Pressure PART XII CAST IRON CONSTRUCTION Section 89 Cast Iron Columns it 90 Cast Iron Bases and Lintels PART XIII STE3L CONSTRUCTION Section 91 Steel Columns " 92 Steel Girders and Beams " 93 Connections and Framing IT 94 Steel Trusses IT 95 Riveting and Bolting it 96 Protection against Corrosion DART XIV ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION Section 97 Wooden Beams and Joists " 98 Separating Wood Beams from Masonry Chimneys " 99 Anchors for Wooden Beams and Girders " 100 Timber Columns Posts and Trusses PART XV ROOFS AND ROOF STRUCTUPES Section 101 Roof Coverings IT 102 Roof Leaders IT 103 Scuttles and Roofs " 104 Pent Houses and Bulkheads " 105 Tanks " 106 Cornices and Gutters " 107 Skylights " 108 Protection of Skylight and Roof PART XVI MILL CONSTRUCTION Section 109 Foundations and Walls " 110 Protection of Wall Openings IT 111 Posts Columns and Floor Timbers " 112 Floors it 113 Roofs Skylights and Cornices " 114 Partitions PART XVII PhINFORCED CONCRETE Section 115 Definition " 116 Approved for all Types of Buildings " 117 Construction Plans and Specifications " 118 Quality of Concrete " 119 it " Cement " 120 if " Fine Aggregate if 121 " IT Coarse Aggregate it 122 IT " Reinforcement IT 123 Allowable Unit Working Stresses IT 124 General Assumptions for Design 4 Section 125 Bending Moments--Slabs Suoported on two 126 sides " ^ IT ^ ^ ^ 4 Sides " 127 Distribution of Leads " 128 Definition of a Beam ^ 129 Beams vith Simple or Continuous Supports ^ 130 Beams suUroorting Rectangular Slabs IT 131 Design Requirements--Beam and Slab IT 132 Continuous Floor Construction if 133 Yeb Reinforcement in Beams it 134 T--Beams it 135 Minimum Thickness of Slabs " 136 Floor Finish ^ 137 Comoosite Floors " 138 Length of Columns ^ 139 Columns without Hoops " 140 Columns with Hoops " 141 Composite Columns--Steel Cores it 142 Composite Columns--Cast Iron Cores it 143 Bending in Columns ^ 144 Steel Base Plates IT 145 Walls ^ 146 Girderless Floors it 147 Columns for Girderless Floors IT 148 Reauirements for Reinforcement ^ 149 Workmanship for Concrete it 150 Inspection PART XVI I I THE 4TING Section 151 Power Heating and Lighting Installations if 152 Chimneys and Flues ^ 153 Heating Furnaces and Appliances " 154 Stoves and Ranges IT 155 Hot Air Pipes and Registers ^ 156 Steam and Hot Water Pipes IT 157 Ducts and Vents IT 58�a. D Rooms_R PORT XIX THE4T&R Secti-on 159 Buildings Covered IT 160 Capacity IT 161 Alterations ^ 162 Aoprovals Required it 163 Building over Auditorium IT 164 TVorkshotis and Property Rooms ^ 165 Separation of Vestibule from Auditorium " 166 Floors ^ 167 Aisles--width of " 168 Steps in Aisles " 169 Entrances it 170 Entrance and Exit Doorways PORT XX PARTITIONS Section 171 Fire-resistive and Semi-fireproof Partitions it 172 Fireproof Enclosure or Partition PART XXI RESTPICTED LOC4TION OF OCCUPANCIES Section 173 Th PART XXII TABLES Section 174 PART XXIII =CTRIC WIPING Section 175 Seetien Applications--Permits 77 Registered Electricians �ee�ion i77a Uel�t�ea-f�nalt� � 78 Defects in Apparatus--Proceedings " 179 Violation by Owners--Penalty it 180 Fees for Permits and Inspection if 181 Removal of Dead Aires " 182 Defective 'Pares if 183 Moving Picture Machine Operators " 184 Certificate of Competency--License Fee it 185 Posting of License--Suspension--Revocation " 186 Unlawful to Enter Booth IT 187 Penalty if 188 Storage of Idoving Picture Films IT 189 Receptacle for Moving Picture Films it 190 Electric Signs ^ 191 Height above Sidewalks Supports IT 192 Signs weighing less than 100 Pounds ' 193 Signs ,neighing between 100 and 250 pounds IT 194 Signs ,neighing between 250 and 350 pounds " 195 Side Guys for Electric Signs IT 196 Side Guy Supports on Buildings " 197 Tires IT 198 Sockets and Receptacles ^ 199 Switches Cut-outs Commutating Devices etc " 200 Lamps ' 201 General Penalty for Violation PART XXIV PLMIBING AIM PLUIdIBERS Section 202 Plumbing Defined " 203 Explanation of Terms it 204 Inspection " 205 Duties of Building Insnector rr 206 Right of Access " 207 Apnlication--Permits ^ 208 Licenses " 209 License Fee for Plaster Plumbers--Bond ^ 210 License Fee for Journeyman Plumber " 211 Apprentice or Assistant Plumbers ^ 212 Plumber to not allow name to be used " 213 Complaints " 214 Violation of Ordinance " 215 'Pater Supply and Sewage---reneral - " 216 BuildinE Drabs IT 217 Brain Pipes not less than three feet from wall IT 218 Subsoil Drains ^ 219 Dwellings etc to have Suitable Privies Water Closets ^ 220 House Drains ^ 221 Vent Pipes " 222 Traps Bath Tubs and Wash Trays IT 223 Water Pipes Litchen Sinks Grease Traps it 224 Steam Exhaust Pipes if 225 RefriLerators--Stop Cochs--Overflow Pipes etc it 226 Rain Water Leaders--Construction Traps IT 227 Pipe--Quality it 228 Defective Pipes X Section 229 Water Closets it 230 Number of Uater Closets--Ventilation it 231 Public Urinals--Flash Tanks IT 232 Kitchen Floors in Hotels and Pestau2wnts IT 233 Leaking Pipes a Nuisance r IT 234 Gas Water Heaters IT 235 Choking of Sewers " 236 Sand Traps " 237 Grease Traps IT 238 Prohibited Fittings IT 239 Ejectors " 240E Sumps and Peceiiing Tanks " 241 Subsoil Peeeiver " 242 haste from Laundries and Similar Establish- ments. IT 243 Bar Wastes it 244 Areas and Court Drains " 245 Bubbler Waste--Drainage " 246 Dental Cuspidors " 247 Cistern Overflow " 248 Overflow Pipes IT 249 Theaters and Assembly Halls IT 250 School Houses IT 251 Old Materials Pe-used PART XXV ELEIAT'OFS Section 252 Section 253 Definitions IT 254 Permits " 255 Certificate " 256 Inspection " 257 Riding on Elevators Pestricted it 258 Alterations it 259 Change of Classification IT 260 Tests of New Elevators if 261 Carrving Capacity it 262 Rules to be Posted if 263 Automatic Push-Button Elevators IT 264 Belt or Chain Drives IT 265 Car Gates it 266 Limit Devices IT 267 Escalators it 268 Light- ' 269 Guide Rails " 270 Ropes " 271 Elevator Pits " 272 Overhead Clearance for Cars " 273 Overhead Clearance for Counterweights " 274 Determination of Questions PART XXVI GAS FITTINGS Section t75 Gas Fitting Defined " 276 Inspection--Building Inspector It 277 Aprolication--Permits if 278 Rules and Regulations Governing the Installa- tion of Gas Fitting and Appliances if 279 Table No 2 " 280 it IT 3 it 281 Small Heating Appliances IT 282 Risers " 283 Insulation ' 284 Material Workmanship " 285 Drin Receptacles--Pipe Grafte Section 286 Drops " 287 Side Lights ^ 288 Remodeling--Exteiisions " 289 Underground Piping " 290 Tubing ^ 291 Gas Engine Supply " 292 Stop cocks " 293 Table Iso 5 " 294 Openings--Service and Headers ^ 295 Underground Work "- 296 Openings--Metet Headers " 297 Service Pipes " 298 Stop Cocks--Valves ^ 299 Meter Locations " 300 Connecting or Disconnecting Meters " 301 Inspection--Tests. " 301a Flues and vents PART XXVII SIGNS .0D BILLBOARDS Section 302 P?RT XXVIII PFOTECTIOR OF WOPMAEN AND THE PUBLIC Section 303 Provision for Safety " 304 Overloading to be Avoided " 305 Outside Scaffolds v 0 7 Violat on s .emea r--Pu hment ' 08 -ebilites ti i PART XXI1C AWNINGS Section 306 Application--Permits 307 License--Bond 308 Violations--Penalties PART XXX VIOLATIONS--PENALTIES Section 309 Removal of Violations " 310 Violation a Misdemeanor--Punishmert It 311 Existing Suits and Liabilities It 312 Penalties PART XXXI LICENSES Section 313 Expiration--Not Transferable PART XXXII REPEAL AND EMERGENCY Section 314 Repeal 315 Emergency 4. BUILDING CODE 1 no ludi ng PLVdBING--ELECTRICAL++PUBLIC HE. LTH AND SAFETY RULES of the CITY OF FORT COLLINS PART I GENERAL PROIISIONS Section 1 Scope This ordinance with all provisions shall constitute and be knovn as the Building Code and may be cited as such and rorovides for all matters affecting concerning or relating to the construction occupancy equipment alteration repair or removal of buildings or any structure whatsoever erected or to be erected in the City of Fort Collins The provisions of this Code shall apoly only to buildings or structures erected occupied equipped altered repaired or removed after the date of adoption of this ordinance All buildings structures or parts thereof shall be constructed equipped altered repaired and occupied in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance This ordin-nce is hereby declared to be a remedial measure and shall be construed liberally as such to secure the beneficial results and purposes thereof All ordinances and part of ordinances that are inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed w Section 2 Definitions The following terms shall for the purposes of this Code have the meaning herein indicated "Alley"--any public thoroughfare less than thirty feet in vidth "Apartment House '--any house or building or portion thereof which is either rented or leased to be occupied in whole or in Dart as the house or residence of —or more families living independently of each other and doing tneir cooking upon the premises and having a common right in yards hallways stairways etc "Approvers"-- the term "Approved ' refers to a device material or construction which h-s been approved by the Undervriters Laboratories the American Society for Testing Materials the Building Inspector of Fort Collins or other recognized authority "Area of Building"--tae area of the horizontal cross- section at the ground level measured to the center of Dart, walls or fire walls and to the outside of other walls "Areaway"--an open sub-surface space adjacent to a building for lighting or ventilating cellars or basements "Basement"--a story partly but not more than one-half below the level of the curb (See "Cellar") "Bearing 17all"--a wall supporting any lead ether than its own weight "Building"--any structure affording shelter or protection "Cellar"--a story with more than one-half its height belov the curb level or adjoining grade It shall not be counted as a story in determining the height of the building (See "Basement") "Curb"-- when the word "curb" is used in reference to the height of builcings or the depth of cellars and basements it shall be construed to mean the curb level or established grade at the center of the principal front of the building in question 2 "Cubic Contents of a Building"--the volumne included between the outside faces of exterior walls anA extending from the under side of the lowest floor levels to the average level of top of roof Where party walls exist use center line of Nall "Curtain VTall"--any non-bearing wall beti�een columns or piers which is not supported by beams or girders at each story (See "Panel Wall") "Dead Load '--the weight of the walls , framings floors roofs tanks and all permanent construction (See 'Live Loads") "Division Udall"--anv interior wall in q building "Dwelling"--a residence building designed for or used as the home or residence of not more than tso separate and distinct families "Existing Euilding"--a completes building or structure or one for which plans have been filed Dre- vious to the date on which this code goes into effect "Exterior Wall"--any outside wall or vertical inclosure of a building other than a party wall ''Factors"--a building or portion thereof designed or used to manufacture or assemble goods wares or merchandise the worx being performed wholly or in part by machinery 'Tireproof"--as used in this CioOe refers to materials or construction not combustible in the temperatures of ordinary fires and xhich ✓ill withstand such fires without serious impairment of their usefulness for at least one hour "Fife Nall"--Q wall built for the purpose of restricting the area subject to the spread of fire "Foundation TVall"--Fnv E7all or pier built below the curb level or below nearest tier or beams to that level "Garage"--any structure designed or used for storage of a motor vehicle containing volatile inflamma- ble oil in its storage tank or any part of such s structure that is on above or below the space used for storing a motor vehicle unless sucn part of a structure is separated therefrom by tight unpierced firewalls and fireproof floors 3 "Height of a Building"--the vertical distance from the curb 26val to the highest point of the roof in case of flat roofs and in the case of roofs having s pitch of more than tventy degrees with the horizontal the height shall be measures to the ape- of gPble In measuring the height Of a wall the heignt of the parapet above the top of the roof shall not be included "Hotel"--any building or portion thereof desipnes or used for supplying, food or shelter to residents or guests and containing fifteen or more sleeping rooms above the first story "Incombustible"--materiels or construct on which will net ignite or burn vhen subjected to fire "Length of a Building"--its greatest horizontal dimension "Live Load"--all loaas other than dead leads All parti- tions which are subiect to removal or rearrange- ment shell be considered as live load Contents of tanks shall be considered as live load "Non-bearing Wall"--one Nhich supports no load other than its own weight "Occupies"--shall be construed to mean occupied to be occupied or intended or designed to be occupied "Office Building"--one used for professional or clerical purposes but not for manufacturing storage or sale of goods except by sample The first floor may be used for commercial purposes "Owner"--any person firm or corporation owning or controlling property A duly authorized agent or attorney guardians trustees or conserva- tors shall also be regarded as owner "Panel Wall"--a non-bearing wall built between piers or columns and supported at each story "Parapet Wa1111--that portion of any wall which extends above the roof line and bears no load except its o vn weight "Party gall"--a wall used or adapted for joint service between two buildings 4 "Retaining Wall"--ore constructed to support a body of earth or to resist lateral thrust "Shefl"--a roofed structure open on one or more sides vhich does not exceed fifteen feet in height nor more than 500 square feet in area "Skeleton Construction"--a form of building construction in vhich all loads are transmitted to the foundations by a rigidly connected framework of metal or reinforced concrete The enclosing walls are supported by girders "Skylight"--any cover or enclosure placed abo-, e roof openings foi the admission of light "Story '--that part of a building between any floor and the floor or roof next above "Structure"--includes buildings appurtenances wall staging platform or flooring a shed fence sign or billboard on public or private property "Theatre"--any building or part thereof designed or uses for theatrical or operatic purposes with accomedation for more than tvio hundred persons and hating a permanent stage upon -nrich theatri- cal devices and movable scenery are used also motion picture theatres with or without a stage "Warehouse"--s building or portion thereof designed or used for storage of merchandise "Width of a Building"--the horizontal dimension next in value to the length Section 3 Permits--For Construction or Alteration Before the construction or alteration of any building or structure or part thereof ani before the construction or alteration of the pllniling heating or drainage of any build- ing structure or premises is commenced the owner or lessee or agent of either or the architect or builder employed by such owner or lessee shall submit to the Building Inspector a detailed typewritten statement of the snecificatzons and complete plans }rith such structural detailed drawings as the Building Inspector may require Such statement constititing an application for a permit to construct or alter 4hall also contain the full name and residence of each or the owners of said building or proposed building or structure and by a diagram of the let or plot on ihich such construction or alteiation is to be made s'iow the exact location of any proposed construction and all existing buildings or structures that are to remain Suilable blank forms shall be furnished by the Building Inspector Pll public buildings must be designea by a licensed architect 5 w • t � Notice to demolish Before any existing structure or part thereof is demolished a statement in griting on suitable blank forms shall be submitted to the Building Inspector by the owner or any person authorized by the owner giving the full name and address of each of the owners of the building to be demolished the name and address of the person vho is to do the work and such other information respecting the building as the Building Inspector may reauire Such notice shall be submitted not less than forty-eight hours before the work of demolition is started Place of Filing All applications notices sworn statements etc required and conies of the approved plans and tvpewritten specifications shall be kept on file in the office of the Building Inspector Aoplications shall be promptly docketed as received and shall be marked with the lot and block number of the property to which they apply Amendments Applications for permits may be amended at any time before the completion of the vvork for which permit was sought, and such amendments after approval.31 shell be made part of the application and filed as such Ordinary repairs to buildings or structures or to plumbing drainage or heating thereof may be made without notice to the Building Inspector but such ordinary repairs shall not be construed to include the cutting away of any wall or any por- tion thereof the removal or cutting of any beams or supports or the removal change or closing of any stairway exit or enclosure or the alteration of any house sewer private sewer or drainage system or the construction of any soil or waste pipe) or 2t4e Co77alrocf C27 of any add i ona) /teal H9 .3 an es Approval It shall be unlawful to construct or alter any building or structure or parts thereof or any plumbing drainage or heating until the application and plans required by the Building Inspector and by this Code have been approved and a permit issued for the work by the Building Inspector The Building Inspector shall approve or reject anv application or plan or amendment thereto within a reasonable time fipuroval in part The Building Inspector mey issue a permit for construc- tion of part of a building or structure when plans and detailed statements have been submitted for same before the entire plans and detailed statements for lain building or structure have been submitted or approved Limitation Any permit issued by the Building Inspector uncer the provisions of this Code under ihich no work is commenced within six months from the date of issuance shall expire by limitation 6 %W � q* 41 Compliance with Plans The construction or alteration of any building or structure -plumbing heating or drainage shall be in accord- ance with the approved detailed statement of specifications and plans for Jhich the permit is issued or any approved amendment thereof The Building Inspector may require a certified copy of the approved plans to be kept on the pre- mises at all times from the commencement of the work to the completion thereof Revocation The Building Inspector may revoke any -oArmit or approval issued under the provisions of this Code in the case of any false statement or any misrepresentation as to a material fact in the application on vhich the permit or approval was based ( See Section 16---Limited Construction) Sec+eon 4 Certificate of Occupancy Vhen a building or alteration to a building is finished and ready for use or when a change in use or occupancy occurs the owner shall notify the Building Inspector in writing on a prepared form If such building or alteration conforms to this Code both as to construction and occupancy and is in accordance with plans and specifications on file the Building Inspector shall issue a certificate of occupancy Section 5 Right of Entry Anv officer or emplevee representing the Building Inspector so far as it may be necessary for the performance of his duties shall nave the right to enter any building or premises ui)on showing his badge of office Sect on 6 The Building Inspector The Commissioner of Safety and Ex-Officio Mavor shall select from a list of eligibles at least three aualified applicants who shall preferably be arcnitects engineers or practical builders The Commissioner of Safety shall then Fritz the approval of the other commissioners appoint one of the three nualified applicant to serve as Building Inspector of the Cit j of Fort Collins,, -at t�e�o�ras�he of the (C.fj aungUI, The minimum requirements for nu_liiied applicants io, the position or Building Insuector are 1 At least five years experience in the design and construction of buildings including a general knovledge of plumbing heating lighting ventilating ganitation and safety as applied to buildings 2 Legal residence in the City of Fort Collins 3 4 The Commissioner of Safety and Ex-Officio Tdayor mnV a,)-point with the approval of the other commissioners architects and contractors as deputy ruilding inspectors vho vill serve sitnout nay un+il +heir commission is revoLed by the Commission- ers 7 1W � � 46 Section 7 Duties of the Building Inspector A To hive general supervision of the erection con- struction Alteration repair removal and inspection of all buildings -calls structures or portions thereof within the city and to enforce all ordinances relating thereto b To have general supervision of all plumbing and plumbing inspection And to enforce all ordinances relating thereto c To have general supervision of all boiler installation and inspection and to enforce all ordinances relating thereto d To cooperate vith the Fire Chief And other municipal officers an all matters of Public safety in relation to buildings e To examine all plans specifications and detailed statements concerning proposed buildings including the plumbing lighting and heating therefor anu to issue permits therefor if in accordance with all ordinances f To keep complete records of all permits issued plans vnd x,aee fedonsfiled certificates of occupancy inspections made approvals given end all other records reouired for efficient operation under this Code Section 8 Fees for Permits The amount enarged for a hermit to construct erect enlarge remodel alter or repair any gall structure building or part thereof shall be one (1) dollar plus one tenth of one percent of the estimated total cost of the labor and material reouired for the proposed work For the purposes of fixin. tae fees the estimated cost shall be determined by the Building Inspector as follows he may accept an estimate furnished him by tae applicant for the permit or he may reouire a certificate from a licensed architect or engineer or an affidavit from the owner or his agent of the total cost of the proposed Rork or he may make such estimate As Building Inspector The amount to be charged foi oermits to move raise lover underpin or wreck a building or structure shall be as follows a For moving buildings or structure vithin the area /.,00 of any one lot 4$@V" b For moving ever upon or in any public highway buildings or structures one and one-half stories or less u 00 in height c For moring over upon or in any public highway buildings or structures of more tgan one and one-half -0/0 00 stories in height ORMOO d For raising lowering or underpinning Any building or structure $1 00 8 e For permits to sreck a building or structure the fee shall be one dollar ($1 00) plus five gents per 1000 cubic feet of the contents of the building or structure In addition to the permit fees named above taere shall be paid to the City Clerk for the use of water such amounts as are fixed by the tariff of ,eater rates now in force or as same may be amended 411 additional expense to the Cit7 of Fort Collins caused by the erection of Buildings shall be borne by the owners of such buildings Section 9 Fire Limits 411 these portloas of the City of Fort Collins bounded as follows shall be kno m and designated as the fire district to-wit Beginning at the intersection of Howes Street and Cherry Street thence south along Howes Street to Olive Street, thence east along Olive Street to Peterson Street thence north along Peterson Street to Lincoln Avenue thence north- easterly along Lincoln Avenue to its intersection with the center line of alleys in Blocks 1 2 3 and 15 thence northwesterly along the center line of alleys in Blocks 1 2 3 and 15 to its intersection wi+h north line of Lots 2 and 3 in Block 4 thence westerly along the said north line of Lets 2 and 3 in Block 4 to College Avenue thence south along College Avenue to Cherry Street thence west along Cherry Street to the place of beginning all as shown on the official map of the City of Fort Collins on file in the office of the Building Inspector Secondary Fire District All property within tvo bloc s of the fire district as described herein or as shovn on the official map of the Citr of Fort Collins shall be considered and is hereby made a part of the "Secondary Fire District" All rules and regula- tions goierning the construction occupancy eluipment alteration repair or removal of buildings within the fire district shall apply also to all buildings witnin the Secondary Fire District except buildings of Class C (Residence Buildings ) 9 PART II CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BY CONSTRUCTION Section 10 Types of Construction For the puroose of this Code all buildings shall be classified according to the method of construction as follows Type I Fireproof Type II Semi-Fireproof Type III Fire-Resistive Type IV Mill Type V Ordinary Tyoe VI Frame Tvoe VII Limited Section 11 FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION WALLS and PIERS shall be of approved masonry or reinforce3 concrete in accordance with Part VI of this Code COLUMNS shall be of steel cast iron or reinforced concrete Steel or cast iron columns shall be protPc+ed by a cover- ing of 4 inches of brick 3 inches of clay tile or two inches of concrete measured from the extreme outer edges of the metal except that the extreme outer ed--es of lugs brackets and similar supporting metal may project to within one inch of the outer surface of the Drotection If brick or tile are used for protecting columns they shall be accurately fitted laid with broken joints and All spaces between the outside layers and the metal be solidly filled with masonry or concrete No voids will be Dermitted between the masonry and protective covering FLOORS and ROOFS shall be constructed as follows 1 Reinforced 0oncrete 2 Reinforced Concrete and Structural Steel 3 Reinforced Concrete Ribs with Tile Fillers 4 Other aDoroved construction Beams and girders of structural steel shall have a Nrotective covering of not less than 1-1/2 inches of Portland cement concrete except that in special important cases of large girders the Building Insoedtor may in his discretion reouire a thicker covering PARTITIONS shall be built to conform with Section 172 of this Code except that partitions entirely contained within s private apartment may be non-fireproof providing the partitions enclosing such apartment are fireproof Interior doors And door-frames interior windows and window-frames interior trim and floor finish may be of wood provided all enclosed spaces behind or below same are filled with incombustible material Grounds bucks and floor sleepers may be of wood 10 No wood or other combustible material shall be used except as allowed in the above pafagraph STAIRWAYS AND ELEVaTORS and tneir enclosures shall be fireproof as s )ecified elsewhere in this Code For protection of reinforcement in reinforced concrete construction see Section 148 All other provisions of t1lis Code for fireproof construction shall be complied with Section lla SEMI-FIPEPPOOF CONSTRUCTION Tnis type of construction shall conform with the requirements for Fireproof Construction except as follows COLUIYIS shall be of steel cast iron or reinforced concrete Steel or cast iron columns shall be protected by a covering of not less than 1-1/2 inches of Portland cement plaster on expanded metal lath except that the extreme outer edges of lugs brackets and similar supporting metal may project to within one inch of the outer surface of protection FLOORS and ROOFS shall be properly supported on structural steel framing or masonry Nalls and may be constructed :s -oolllws 1 Reinforced concrete slabs on steel lumber joists 2 Reinforced concrete slabs on structural steel 3 Other approved design Portions of steel beams or girders projecting below the ceiling shall be encased in a layer of hard wall rock plaster 1-1/2 inches thick on expanded metal lath securely attached and held in position in an approved manner Ceilings shall be of hard Nall rock plaster not less than 7/8 inch thick on metal lath or expanded metal of proper rigidity to prevent excessive deflection and securely fastened to or suspended from +he joist or floor slab in an approved manner Joists shall be designed to resist all stresses independent of any protective covering Steel lumber joists shal be spaced not more than 24 inches center to center and be well bridged with approved tension bands applied and spaced in an approved manner Floor slabs on steel lumber joists shall be not less than 1-3/4 inches thick and may be reinforced with metal latn or exoanded metal of proper weight and rigidity but no+ less than 24 gauge This reinforcing shall rest on the inner flanges of the joists and be secarely fastened to same in an approved manner 19here steel lumb-r joists ieot on structural beams or girders the beams or girders shall not be dependent on the joists for lateral support but shall be made rigid by independent structural framing 11 Steel lumber joists shall not be used in floor panels over unexcavated ground having less than three feet of well ventilates space below or in location which in the opinion of the Building Inspector are sufficiently damn to cause corrosion All steel lumber joists shall receive a coat of Approved paint befo_e being placed in position PAPTITIONS shall be Semi-fireproof as described in Section 171 ?11 other provisions of this Code for Semi-fireproof constfuc+ion shal be complied vita Section 12 PIKE RESISTIVE CONSTpUCTION This type of construction shall conform with the reouireu+ents of Semi-Fireproof construction except as follows COTUMNS shall be protected as in Semi-Fireproof construction except that hard wall plaster may be used instead of Portland cement plaster FLOORS and ROOFS shall be properly supported on structural steel framing or masonry walls and may be constructed as follows 1 Wooa floors iith metal lath and plaster ceilings 2 Steel roof trusses columns and girders Nithout protective covering supporting wood roof sheathing not less than 1-5/8 inches thick on wood purlins not less than 5-1/2 inches by 7-1/2 inches ( classed as fire-resistive construction where the occupancy and conterts of the builc.ing in the opinion of the Building Inspector is suitable ) 3 Other approved design Wood foists shall be not less than 1-5/8 inches thick and shall be properly bridged ( except in type 2 above ) Steel framing supporting joists shall be made rigia inde- pen3ent of the ,joists or floor Ceilinp-s shall be of hard vall rock plaster not less than 7/8 inch thick on expanded metal lath attached t6 or suspended from the joists or floor in approved manner (except in tvre 2 above ) Beams and girders where they project below the ceiling shall be encased in a laver of hard wall rock plaster on expanded metal lath this covering to be not less than 7 /8 inch thick and securely attached and held in posit-on in an approved manner ( except in type 2 above ) PARTITIONS shall be Fire Resistive as described in Section 171 fill other pro isions of this Code for fire resistive construction shall be complied sith 12 Section 13 MILL CONSTvUCTION Buildings shall be considered of mill construction if all walls are built of incombustible materials and if all wood girders Qnd ,joists are At least 5-1/2 inches thick No wood girder or joist shall measure less than 63 snuare inches in sectional area and no wood posts less than 90 snuare inches in sectional area except that 7-1/2 x 7-1/2 inch ( or larger ) posts may be used in the top story only All structural steel or iron ( not including oost caps bases and Joist hangers ) shall be f3.reuroofed with not less than one inch of incombustible material or with metal lath and cement or gypsum plaster The lower thickness of each floor shall be not less than 2-5 /8 inch lumber with grooves and splines Ft the joints This shall be covered with felt or building paper and with a separate finished floor not less than 13, 16 inches thick The roof shall be at least 2-1/2 inches thick and shall have an incombustible roof-covering If an air tight roof covering ( such as felt or tin) is not used then the roof planking shall be in tso thicknesses vith felt or building Daper between There shall be no openings in the floor unless protected by standard fire doors and no ooncedled air spaces except such as are enclosed by incombustiole material All stairways and elevators shall be enclosed with a standard fireproof enclosure Mill construction will be considered in the same cless as fire resistive construction in Section 28a Section 14 ORDINARY CONSTpUCTION Buildings shall be considered of ordinary construction if all enclosing walls consist of incombustible material and the roof has an incombustible covering No joist rafter or stud shall be less than 1-5/8 inch thick In buildings of more than one story floor and roof joists shall not be supported bV combustible stud partitions but shall be supported by incombustib e falls or partitions or by semi-fireproof or fire-resistive partitions ( See Section 171) or by column and girders If a bearing partition is supoorted by a steel girder which projedts below the ceiling the Dortion of such girder below the ceiling line shall be covered with metal lath and plaster or other approved fire-proofing Section 15 FRPIVE COhST-PUCTION Buildings shall be considered of frame construction If all structural parts and the enclosing walls consist of wood If such enclosing walls are veneered encased or faced with stone brick tile concrete plaster or metal whose stability or rigidity depends on the frame wall the build- ing is also termeA a frame building Section 16 LIMITED CON47RUCTION ( within the fire district ) Buildings shall be considered of limited or temporary construction Shen not over one story in height and not more than 1500 snuare feet in floor area the same to be con- structed of nine-inch walls of brief hollow tile or concrete The walls shall be stiffened at intervals of not more than tventy feet by pilasters The floor ceiling 13 and roof Joists may be of voo,3 but all lintels carrying masonry shall be nf steel Buildings of tais type shall not be more than 18 feet in height from curb line to highest part of walls Buildings of this type must be removed by the canner upon reouest of the City Council Permits for this type of building shall be grantee onlj with approval of the City Council 14 `' A l PART III CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BY OCCUPANCY Section 17 All buildings shall be classified for the purposes of this Code according to occupancy or use under one of tie following groups (See also Section 28a ) 1 Public Buildings Class A C1Ass B 2 Residence Buildings Class C Class D 3 Business Buildings Class E Class F Section 18 PUBLIC BUILDINGS are buildings or parts of buildings in which persons congregate for civic political educational, religious or recreational pur'coses or in shich persons are detained for care or observation or for correctionpl purposes See Section 28a Section 19 RESIDENCE BUILDINGS are buildings or parts of buildings in mhich sleeping accomodations are provided (except such as may for other reasons be classed as public buildings ) See Section 28e Section 20 BUSIITESS BUILDINGS are buildings or parts of buildings which are not public buildings or residence buildings See Section 28P Section 21 DOUBTFUL CLASSIFICATION In case any buil�ing is not specifically provided for or where there is any uncertainity as to its classifica- tion its status shall be fixed by the Building Inspector Section 22 MIXED OCCUPANCY In case a building is occupied or used for different purposes in different parts the provision of Part III applying to each class of occupancy shall apply to such 'carts of the building as come within that class and if there should be conflicting provisions the reouirements securing the greater safety shall apply Section 23 Buildings required to be fireproof See Section 28a Section 23a Buildings reouired to be semi-fireproof (or fireproof) See Section 28a Section 24 Buildings reouired to be fire-resistive or mill construction ( or semi-fireproof or fireproof ) See Section 28a 15 Section 25 Buildings renuired. to be Mill Construction See Section 24 Section 26 Buildings permitted of Ordinary Construction See Section 28a Section 27 Buildings and Structures permitted of Frame Construction Inside the Fire Limits a Temporary one story buildings for use of builders temporary stands platforms booths or tents for which rermits shall be issued by the Building Inspector Such structures shall be removed when their purposes have been served or at the reauest of the Building Inspector b Fences not over 10 feet high c Outhouses not more than 150 square feet in area and 8 feet in height d Bay windows if covered with incombustible material e Signs as prod ded in Section 307- gection 28 Buildings permitted of Frame Construction Outside of the Fire limits No frame building shall exceed two stories or 30 fe-t in height ,except that dwellings may have two and one-half stories provided they do net exceed 30 feet in height or 3000 sauare feet in area The attic in a two and one-half story house may be used for sleeping rooms but not for living purposes No family shall be domiciled aboie the second story Dwellings occupied by not more than one family may be three stories or 35 feet high Tourers turrets or minarets on such buildings may exceed the fore- going limit by 10 feet provided the greatest horizontal dimension of such structures does not exceed 15 feet except also that a church spire may be constructed of wood to a height not exceeding 75 feet from the ground but su6h spire shall not be placed nearer any other building or structure than the eauivalent of its height measured from its masonry support to the pinnacle No frame building erected for any occupancy other th-n buildings in Class F shall cover a ground area exceeding 5000 sauare feet except that a frame building eauioped with an approved automatic sprinkling system may rave an increase of 66-2/3% or an area of 8333 sauare feet The combined area of frame buildings sheds and outhevses located on any let shall net exceed 80% of the lot area In no case sh 11 a frame building with wooden siding be erected or altered to extend within 5 feet of the side or rear let line nor within 10 feet of another building on the same lot unless the s-oace bet een studs on that side be filled vith incombustible material and the entire ex-oosed side be covered with at least 1/8 inch layer of asbestos board or 3/8 inch of plaster beard on vooden siding 16 Section 28a TABULAR SUIEIARY OF BUILDING CLASSIFICATIONS Construction Occupancy Inside Fire Limits Outside Fire Limits PUBLIC BUILDINGS CLASS A Asylums Fireproof Fireproof Detention Bldgs ^ ^ HosAita is " ^ Armories Semi-Fireproof Fire-resistive Banks ^ ^ City Halls " ^ Court Fouses ^ it Homes for the Aged if n Sanatariums n n Theaters it ^ Colleges Fire-resistive IT Libraries " " Museums " " Orphanages " ^ Railway Stations n ^ Schools ^ ^ Dance Halls " Ordinary Police Stations ^ it PUBLIC BUILDINGS CLASS B Public Malls Fire-resistive Ordinary Churches It it Exhibition BuilainRs it ^ Lcdge Rooms it it Amusement Halls it if RE3IDENCE BUILDINGS CLA93 C (more than 15 sleeping rooms ) Bachelor Apartments Fire-resistive Fire-resistive Dormitories It It Hotels " ^ Lodging Mouses " Studios " IT Club Houses " ^ (lei- than 15 sleeping rooms ) Bachelor rpartments Ordinary Ordinary or Frame Dormitories if " it ^ Hotels ^ " if IT Lodgings Houses if " " " Studies IT n if n Club Houses it PESIDE`TCy BUIT,IINGS CLASS D (over 2 stories or 30 ft high) Convents Fire-resistive Fire-resistive Dwellings it " Apartments ^ " Tenement Joules it ' (cont' d ) 17 { (c,ont' d ) (under 2 stories or 30 ft high ) Convents Ordinary Frame Dwellings Anartments Teneme Zt douses " BUSINLS3 BUILDI,JG:) CL�S� E Office Buildings Semi-Fireoroof Fire-resistive flare Houses ' Stores "ire-resistive Frame Restaurants " if Wo k^ho Ds Printing douses Stables „ stable s- Irfsei-� (under 2 stories or 30 ft high) Office Buildings Ware Houses Fire-resistive VT Ordinary Stores Restaurants Ordinary Frame „ Workshops Printing Houses Stables " -ruu _ __ *Smcl e douses — - - *Sugar Refineries - Cooperage 3hois FreiTnt Depots Ice Plants "ire-resistive Frame Pefrigerating Plants " it *Slaughter Houses ' if Laboratories ' it PPrrilts for construction of buildings of Class F marked with * in above tabulation or foi any other buildings of hazardous or obnoxious occunancy shall not be granted without the aoproval of tae City Council Buildings of Class P outside of the fire limits mAy with the soproval of the Citir Councillbe constructed ,Kith structural steel frames and roofs and sidings covered with shoet metal The Building Inspeotor may hermit evoosed steel roof-trusses girders or columns in buildings of any class vhere in his judgenent the use and occunancy of the building Narrants such construction Any builling classed in this section as fire-resistive may be built mill construction vith permission of the Building Tnsoector Obviously anj structure may be built of any construction Nhich in the sense of this Code is safer then that reouired in the above tabulation / Asy�WMS ymes >o.- f/re +#1 Or?fiano/9es/h�.o sPikh oral idv/o/s i/*on� 'o`a'e s1»�y mar/ lie o/Orr�%nory 01' /fame cogrtjaction oufsia 0114 18 PART IV Permissable 4rea of Lot occupied (See Zoning Ordinance ) Section 29 Exceot theatres special industry buildings and tenement houses all buildings shall have uncovered sp3oes for pro- viding lignt and air accerdinm to the following table These spaces shall be open to the sky from the top of the second story vindow sills Buildings of Class C, on corner lots 15 per cent of total lot area when not exceeding six stories or 75 feet in height, increase 2 per ce t for each additional story uo to 125 feet in height Buildings of Class C on etner than corner lots 20% of total lot area when not exceeding 75 feet in height ', 25% of total lot area vhen aver 75 feet and not exceeding 125 feet in height All other buildings on lots other than corner lots 10 percent of total lot area vhen not exceeding 75 feet in height., 12-1/2 percent of total lot area when over 75 feet in heio-ht All buildings on corner lots ( except those of Class C) not exceeding 2590 snuare feet in area 5 oercent of total lot area vhen not exceeding 75 feet in height 7-1/2 per cent of total lot area when over 75 feet fn 'ieight Every building ( except those in Class C )which occupies lots fronting in three or more streets may occupy the entire lot area provided the mixinum width of the building does not exceed 75 feet There shall be a clear space of not less than 5 feet in width at and above the second story windov sills betveen the rear line of every lot except corner lots This shall not anply to buildings which extend through from one street to another In order to Fulfill the renuirements of tnis section uncovered spaces may be increased in size as `hej go upvard if thereby they provide at every given level the renuisite area of uncovered space for a structure of that particu- lar height I 19 PORT V EXCAVATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS Section 30 Excavations--safeguarding Until permanent supports are built all excavations shall be properly guarded and protected so as to prevent the same from becoming dangerous to life or limb and shall be braced shored or sheet-piled where necessary to prevent adjoining earth from caving in by the person causing the excavation to be made Section 31 Retaining v9al1-- v1zsn necessary If in the opinion of the Building Inspector an excava- tion endangers adjoining property to such an extent that a retaining wall is obviously necessary the party causing the excavation to be made shall at his omn expense build a re- taining wall to supoort the adjoining earth and said retain- ing wall shall be at least the full depth of the excavation and be properly protected b7 coping Section 32 Excavations affecting adjoin-ing property 1 Wherever an excavation is not intended to be or shall not be carried to a depth of more than 10 feet belox the curb level the owner of every adjoining or contiguous vall or structure yard or bank of earth or rock shall protect the same so that thej shall be and remain as safe as before such excavation vas begun, Such owner shall be permitted to enter upon the premises where the excavation is being made when necessary for this purpose 2 'Vhenever an excavation of either earth or rocl for buildings or ether purposes shall be intended to be or shall be carried to the depth of more than 10 feet below the curb tae person causing such excavation to be made shall at all times from the commencement until the completion thereof if accorded the necessary license to enter upon the adjoining land and net other4ise at his own a pense preserve any adjoining or contiguous wall structure yard or bank of earth or rock from injury and suoport the same by proper foundations or retaining walls so that said wall structure yard or bank of earth or rock shall be and remain as safe as before such excavation was commenced whether the said adjoining or Bon- tiguous wall structure yard or bank of earth or rock are down more or less than 10 feet below the curb For this purpose such approved foundations or retailing walls may be built upon the property upon vhich the wall structure yard or bapk of earth or rock is situated If the necessary license is not accorded to the person or persons making such excavation then it shall be the duty of the owner refusing to grant such license to make the adjeinine or contiguous wall structure yard or bank of earth or rock safe and support the same by groper foundations so that adjoining excavations may be made And shall be permitted to enter upon the premises where such e cavation is being made for that purpose vhen necessary Section 33 Foundation adjoining Party Walls 1 In case a party wsll is intended to be used by the person causing an e-ccaration to be made and the footings and foundations of such party wall are in good condition and suf=icient for the uses of both the existing building and the new one then the person causing the excavation to be made 20 shall at his own expense protect such party well from injury And support the same by proper means so that stLid party wall shall be and remain as safe as before the excavation was begun 2 In case the footings And foundations of any said party wall are not in good condition or not sufficient for the uses of both the existing building and the new one it shall be the dutj of the person causing such excavation to be made to extend such defective or insufficient footing or foundation or to replace same with a new footing or founda- tion at his own expense Such extended or new footin_ shall project On each side of the party line such a distance as to bring the center of the footing under the center of the wall so that the total load upon the wall may be uniformly dis- tributed over the area of the footing Any other method may be used vhich will adeouately support the party wall In order that this may be done the person causing the excavation to be made shall be allowed access to the adjoining premises 3 In case anj excavation or the removal of any existing building shows any adjoining wall or structure to be unsafe at the time the excavation was begun it shall be the Duty of the person causing the excavation to be made or the building to be removed)to forthwith report the fact in writing to the Building Inspector who shall upon the receipt of such notice forthwith cause an inspection of such adjoining premises to be made and if such inspection proves the aforesaid wall or struc- ture to be unsafe it shall be the duty of the Building Inspector to declare such wall or structure to be unsafe and cause the same to be repaired as herein provided 4 If the person whose duty it shall be to preserve or protect from injury any wall or structure shall neglect or fail to do so within 24 hours after the receipt of a notice from the Building Inspector tnen the Building Inspector may enter upon the premises and employ such labor and furnish such materials and take such steps as in hid Judgement may be necessary to make the premises safe and secure or to prevent the same from becoming unsafe and dangerous at the cost and expense of the hereon whose duty it is to keep the same safe and secure Section 34 Bearing Capacity of Soil Applications for permits for new buildings and when necessary for alterations to existing buildings shall contain a statement of the character of the soil at the level of the footings 2 Presurintive capacities In the absence of a satis- factory test of the sustaining power of the soil different soils excluding mud shall be deemed to safely sustain the following loads to the souare foot namely Soft Clay 1/2 to 1 ton Wet Sans 2 tons Firm Clay c 2 tons Sand and Firm Clay mixed or in layers 2 tons Fine and dry sand 3 tons Hard dry clay 4 tons Coarse sand 4 tons Gravel 6 tons Soft rock 8 tons Hard pan 10 tons Medium rock 15 tons Hard rock 40 tons 21 In case the soil under the footings of any one build- ing is partly rock and partly yielding soil the bearing capacity of the yielding soil shall be taken at not more than one-half of the capacity otherwise allowed 3 Soil tests When a doubt arises as to the safe sus- taining power of the soil upon which a building is to be erected the Budding Inspector may order borings to be made, or he may direct the sustaining power of the soil to be tested in accordance with the methods established by the rules of the Building Inspector by and at the expense of the owner of the proposed building T9here a test is made of the sustain- ing power of the soil the Building Inspector shall be notified so that he may be present in person or by representa- tive The record of the test shall be filed with the Building Inspector Section 35 Foundation Walls 1 Foundation walls shall be construed to include all walls and piers built below the curb level or below the Nearest floor line to the curb or to the average level of the ground adjoining the walls to serve as supports for walls piers columns girders posts or beams 2 If built of rubble stone tnev snall be at least 8 inches thlcfex +han the wall next above them to a depth of 12 feet below the curb level and for ever%r additional 10 feet or part thereof deepor tbej shall be increased 4 inches in thickness 3 If built of brick or plain conczete and supporting walls over 30 feet in height they shall be at least 4 inches thicker than the wall next above them to a dep+h of 12 feet below the curb level and for every additional 10 Feet or part thereof deepei they shall be increased 4 inches in thickness In buildings not exceeding 30 feet in height the Building Inspector may at hiq discretion permit the foundation walls to be the same thickness as the walls above 4 Hollov blocks may be used for foundation walls of buildings not exceeding 2 stories or 30 feet in height provided said walls are not less than the thickness reouired for foundation walls of brick or plain concrete All blocks shall be laid to line and level and carefully bonded When blocks are laid with cells vertical the stability of the galls and their resistance to water may be increased by being filled solidly with wet concrete Such foundations shall not be stressed be,,ond the limits allowed in this Code taken over conbined area of blocks and fill Section 36 Footings 1 The footings for foundation walls piers and columns al-all be corstructed of plain concrete reinforced concrete, or of steel grillage beams resting on a bed of concrete Wooden footings may be used if the,r are entirely below the level of to v water 2 Footings shall be so designed that the pressure on the soil per unit of area shall be as nearly uniform as possible, and the stresses shall conform to the requirements of this Code The dead loads carried by the footings shall include the 22 actual weight of the superstructure and foundations down to the bottom of the footing All tanks or other receptacles for J liquids sha1L be figured as being full All vaults or similar built-in structures shall be considered parts of the building The live load on column footings shall be assumed to be the same as the live lead in the lowest tier of columns 3 Loads for computing area and strength of footings of foundations of buildings more than three stories in height shall be computed as follows a For buildings in which the required live load does not exceed 75 pounds per square foot, assume the total dead load plus 50 percent of the full live lead b For buildings in which the reauired live load does net exceed 150 pounds per square foot assume the total dead lead plus 75 per cent of the full live load e For buildings in which the required live load exceeds 150 pounds Der square foot no reduction in live load In no case shall the lead ner square foot under any portion of any footing due to the combined dead live and wind loads exceed the safe sustaining povver of the soil upon which the footing rests 4 Concrete for footings shall be made of at least one Dart of Portland cement and not more than two and one-half parts of sand and five parts of broken stone or gravel 5 Broken stone shall be hard durable and of quality ap-oroved by the Building Inspector Where gravel is used it shall be thoroughly washed 6 Where mass concrete is used for footings or foundations the stone or gravel shall be of such size as will pass through a two inch ring and shall be free from dust or other deleterious material Sufficient smaller aggregate shall be added to secure density 7 Stepped un courses of brick shall have offset of no* more than 1/2 inch if laid in single courses and 1 inch if laid in double courses 8 If the nature of the ground and the character of the building are such as to make it necessary or advisable isolated piers may be used instead of a continuous wall to support the building 9 Grillage beams shall be united by bolts and separators, and the grillage filled solid with concrete All metal which forms parts of any footing or foundation shall be protected from rust by a mash of rich Portland cement grout or by the use of other approved coQting and shall be entirely encased with at least 4 inches of concrete 23 Section 37 Pile Foundations 1 Piles intended to sustain a wall or building or any part thereof shall be driven to a solid bearing if practicable to do so and the method of driving shall be such as not to impair their strength No pile or group of piles shall be loaded eccentrically Anj type of pile construction not pro- vided for in this section shall meet such requirements as may be prescribed by the rules of the Building Inspector 2 Wood piles a Duality and size Wood piles shall be of approved timber sound and straight The diameter at the point shall be not less than 6 inches The diameter at the butt shall be not less than 10 inches for piles not over 25 feet in length and not less than 12 inches at the butt for piles of greater length b Allowable Loads The safe sustaining power of any wood pile shall be calculated as follows For a pile driven with a drop hammer p= 2 11h S -- 1 For a pile driven with a steam hammer P- 2 Wh S+ 0 1 in which P= safe load in tons wo weight of nammer in tons h. fall of hamper in feet S= average penetration of tl-e pile in inches under the last five blows provided that the driving has reached such a point that successive blows produce approximately equal penetration No wood pile however shall be weighted with a load exceeding 20 tons c Construction The distance between wood piles shall be not more than thirty-six nor less than twenty inches on centers The tops of wood piles shall be cut off below the permanent water level When ranging and capping timbers are laid on plies for foundations they shall be of hard wood not less than six inches thick and properly joined together and their toes laid below the permanent water level d Meadow land construction i°hen wood piles are used under frame buildings over the water they may project above the water a sufficient height to raise the buildink above hign water and the building may be placea directly thereon without other foundation 3 Concrete Piles a Piles moulded before driving Concrete piles moulded and cured before driving shall not be provideA with more than 4 per cent of longitudinal reinforce- ment The diameter of lateral dimension of such a pile shall not be less than 8 inches at the foot, and shall not average less than 12 inches in the length of the pile The length shall not exceed twenty times the average diameter when the pile is driven to rock nor forty times the average diameter in any case Nhen driven to rock the allowable lead on any such pile shall not exceed 500 lbs per square inch on the concrete at the average cross-section and 6 000 lbs per square inch on the longitudinal reinforcement If driven to rock the foot shall be provided Nitn a metal shoe 24 b Piles moulded in place Concrete piles cast in place shall be so made and placed as to insure the exclusion of any foreign matter and to secure a perfect full-sized shaft The average diameter of any such pile in place shall not be less than 6 inches The length shall not exceed thirty times the average diameter The allowable load shall not exceed 350 lbs per square inch on the concrete c Allowable Loads When concrete piles are not driven to rock they shall be treated as friction piles and their carrying capacities shall be determined by test in accordance with rules established by the Building Inspector but the stresses herein given for the materials composing them shall not be exceeded in any case d Concrete The concrete for concrete piles shall be mixed in the proportion of 1 part Portland cement to not more than 2 parts of clean coarse sand and 4 parts of broken stone or gravel of a size passing through a 1-inch ring with sufficient water to produce a plastic or viscous consistency 4. Tests When any doubt exists as to the safe sustaining power of piles upon which a building or structure is to be supported the Building Inspector may order a test of the same to be made at the expense of the owner of the proposed building or structure or the person causing the piles to be driven The record of ever- such test shall be filed with the Building Inspector l 25 t , PART VI PIERS ARID WALLS IN GENERAL Section 38 Piers 1 Every pier shall be built of squared stone stone concrete or approved brick Stone or brick piers shall be laid in Portland cement mortar Every exterior pier shall be securely anchored to the beams or girders at the level of each tier The height of any isolated pier shall not be greater than ten times its least horizontal dimension Except in fra4ie buildings no masonry pier shall be less than 16 inches square 2 Interior piers supporting columns shall not be built of stone above the first floor line neither shall stone bonds or caps be used in such piers except in frame buildings 3 Every exterior stone or brick pier less than 6 square feet in cross-section which supoorts a beam girder arch or column upon which a wall rests or a lintel spanning an opening over 10 feet wide on which a wall rests shall be bonded at vertical intervals of not more than 30 finches 4 Monolithic stone posts shall not be used for the support of columns girders or walls Section 39 Walls 1 Every building other than frame buildings shall be enclosed on all sides with independent or party walls of incombustible materials This shl-ll not preclude the con- struction of any story supported on piers entirely open to the outer air provided that in all such buildings the floor and the ceiling of such open story shall be protected by incombustible material 2 The masonry walls and piers of every building shall be properly and solidly bonded with mortar Joints They shall be built to a line and carried up plumb and straight 3 All brick shall be thoroighly wet just previous to being laid except in freezing weather No frozen materials shall be built upon but shall be removed 4 No wall of any building or structure shall be built more than two stories in advance of any other portions of the walls of the building or structure, this provision need not apply to buildings where walls are carried independently by girders at each floor All walls shall be securely anchored and bonded at points where they intersect Where such walls are not built at the same time the perpendicular joint shall be regularly toothed with 4-inch off-sets and the joint shall be provided with anchors not less than 2 inch by 3/8 inch metal# ryvith bent-up ends or cross pins to form anchorage, such anchors are to be not less than 3 feet long extending 18 inches on each side of the joint and spaced not more than 3 feet apart in height 5 The walls and beams of every building during erection or alteration shall be securely braced wherever required until the building is enclosed 26 •• ! �h 6 In brick walls every sixth course shall be a heading course extent where walls are faced with brick in Flemish bond in which case the headers of every fifth course shall be full brick and bonded into the backing Where face brick is used of a different thickness from the brick used for backing the courses of the exterior and interior brickwork shall be brought to a level bed at intervals of not more than six courses in height of the face brick and the face brick shall be properly tied to the backing by a full heading course of the face brick or other approved method 7 Face brick shall be laid at the same time as the back- ing and shall in no case be laid after the backing is in place 8 When walls of hollow blocks are veneered as permitted in this Code the facing shall either be bonded to the backing with a row of headers every 16 inches or be attached to the backing with approved metal wall ties bedded in the mortar joints Such ties shall not be spaced further apart on centers than one foot vertically and 2 feet horizontallv Such veneering shall not be considered a part of the required thickness of the wall Brick facing or veneering may however be considered as part of a hollow tetra Gotta or concrete wall ( or vice versa) provided tie veneering is bonded at least 4 inches into the wall at intervals not exceeding six courses of brick When ven-oring is used special care shall be taken to fill all joints flush vith mortar around wall opeiings 9 No timber extent inside lintels and nailing blocks not over 8 inches in length shall be placed in any ma~onry wall 10 The walls of each story shall be built ub with full thickness to the too of the beams above Section 40 Stone 'Halls 1 Every stone wall shall haveone header extending through the wall in every 2 feet in height and every 3 feet in length Headers shall be staggered All headers shall be good, flat stones not less than 12 inches vide and 8 inches thick 2 All stones shall be laid on their natural bed No stone which doeo not bond into *he wall at least 6 inches shall be used Stones shall be firmly bedded in mortar with all spaces and joints thoroughly filled 3 Walls built of squared stone with dressed level beds shall have a thicknes, of not less than that required for brick walls under similar conditions 4 Walls built of rubble stone shall have such increase of thickness over that specified for squared stone walls as may be reeuired by the Building Inspector Rubble stone .valls shall not exceed three stories or 40 feet in height Section 41 4shlar Stone or architectural terra Gotta ashlar or other annroved material used for the facing of any building or structure shall be net less than 4 inches thicl In stone ashlar each stone sh911 have a reasonably uniform thickness, f 46 27 but all stones need not necessarily be the same thickness Each block of ashlar or other approved facing shall either be bonded into the backing or be securely anchored to the backing with metallic anchors at least one for each 30 inches lineal length of course and the b^eking independent of facing shall conform to the wall thickness required by this Code Where every alternate course of facing is at least 8 inches thick and bonded into the backing at least 4 inches the ashlar may be counted as part of the thickness of the wall No wall faced with ashlar shall be less tnan 12 inches thick Section 42 Mortar for Walls Foundat ons footings and parapet walls shall be laid in Portland cement mortar also arches over doorways and windows All chimneys shall be laid in Portland cement mortar Other brickwalle may be laid in lime, lime and cement or cement mortar Hollow block Nalls shall be laid in Portland cement mortar Not more than 15 per cent of hydrated lime may be aced with Portland cement mortar Section 43 Thicanes5 of Brick Walls 1 All bearing walls shall be sufficient thickness to support the lead to be carried without exceeding the stresses specified in this Code but in no case shall such walls be less than 13 inches thick unless built of reinforced concrete 2 The minimum thickness of all brick bearing walls shall be in accordance with the following schedules and tables In determining the thickness of walls for varying heights they shall be measured to the nearest tier of beams or support whether this be a foundation a beam or a girder 3 Walls for dwelling house class The expression "walls for dwelling house class" shall be taken to mean and include walls for all buildings specified under Classes C and D as well as all other buildings used for temporary or permanent residence For all brick bearing walls or buildings of the dwelling house class the upper three stories shall be not less than 13 inches thick increasing 4 inches in thickness for each three stories or fraction thereof below No three-story increment shall exceed 45 feet in height 4 Table indicating minimum thickness of walls in accordance with above requirements DIVELLINU _dOUSE CLASS Brick Bearing palls Stories 1 r 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 2 13 13 3 13 13 13 4 17 13 13 13 5 17 17 13 13 13 6 17 17 17 15 13 13 7 21 17 17 17 13 13 13 8 21 21 17 17 17 13 13 13 28 5 Walls for Warehouse Class The expression "walls for warehouse class" shall be taken to mean and include walls for all buildings specified under Class AjB9E and F as well as all other buildings used for similar purposes Excepting party and fire walls brick bearing walls for all buildings of this class not exceeding five stories or 65 feet in height shall have the upper two stories not less than 13 inches thick increasing 4 inches in thickness for each two stories or fraction thereof below For such building in excess of five stories but not exceeding ten stories or 125 feet in height the top story shall be not less than 13 inches thick increasing 4 inches in thickness for each two stories or £r4otion thereof below No tae-story increment shall exceed 30 feet in height 6 Table indicating minimum thickness of walls in accordance with above requirements WAREHOUSE CLASS Brick Bearing Walls Stories 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 13 2 13 13 3 17 13 13 4 17 17 13 13 5 21 17 17 13 13 6 25 21 21 17 17 13 7 25 25 21 21 17 17 13 8 29 25 25 21 21 17 17 13 28 7 In all buildings except dwellings brick party walls and fire walls which serve as bearing walls on both sides shall be not less than 13 inches thick in the uproer two stories or upper 30 feet increasing 4 inches in thickness for each two stories or fraction thereof below 8 The height of a wall betveen lateral supports shall net exceed fifteen times its thickness unless strengthened by piers or cross walls as the Building Inspector may direct 9 S"Then +he clear span of a floor is greater than 25 feet in buildings of Classes A B E and P and greater than 26 feet in buildings of Classes C and D the thickness of bearing walls shall be increased 4 inches over that speci- fied in the foregoing tables for every 12-1/2 feet or frac- tion thereof that the said span exceeds 25 feet for buildings of Clas^es A B E and F or 26 feet for Classes C and D or shall have in lieu of this increase of thickness such piers or buttresses as the Building Inspector maj direct 10 If any horizontal section through a bearinC wall shows more than 30 per cent area of flues and openings in a wall laid up in lime or lime and cement mortar or 45 per cent in a wall laid up in Portland cement mortar the said wall shall be increaser a thickness of 4 inches for every 15 Der cent or fraction tnereof for which the total area of flues and openings exceed 30 per cent or 45 per cent The total area of openings and flues in any bearing wall shall net in any case exceed 60 per cent 11 In all buildings walls 13 incnes thick and over 60 fePt in length} and walls 17 inches thick which are over 100 feet in length shall be 4 inches thicker throughout than is reauired by this Code unless they are properly braced by cross walls pilast-rs or buttresses 12 The thickness of non-bearing walls may be 4 inches less than that of bearing walls provided that no non-bearing wall is less than 13 inches thick except it be of reinforced concrete 13 In no case shall the thickness at the bottom of masonry retaining walls be less than one-ouarter the height Of the wall unless reinforced in an auvroved manner 14 Brick or concrete walls of buildings outside the fire limits which under this ordinance could be of wood may hav- a mini^ium thickness of 9 inches on the second story Sucq walls shall not exceed 20 feet in height exclusive of gables nor shall they exceed 35 feet in length unless nrenerly braced by cress walls piers or buttresses Section 44 'Danel or Enclosure lValls In skeleton construction the banel walls shall be supported by girders at each floor level and if of brick or hollow blocks shall be net less than 13 inches thick laid in cement mortar When the vertical distance between supporting girders exceeds 20 feet the thickness of the walls shall be increased 4 inches for each 15 feat/ or fraction thereof that the said vertical distance exceeds 20 feet Such walls shall be of brick stone)contrete or hard burned building the 29 Section 45 Curtain Nalls Curtain valls over tnree stories or 50 feet in height snali be laid in cement mortar and shall be not less than 13 inches thick for the uppermost 50 feet thereof or nearest tier of beams to that height and increased 4 inches for every additional section of three stories or 45 feet or nearest tier of beams to that height Jhen such walls are itsed the foundation of the building shall be so designed that the load from the columns and the load of the walls are carried together, Curtain walls snall be anchored to the steel framing at each floor level the ancaors being spaced not further apart than 6 feet horizontally Section 46 Fire Walls 1 Fire walls shell be built of brick laid in PortlanA cement mortar or of reinforcer concrete In fireproof semi-fireproof and fire-resistiie buildings brick firewalls supported by girders at each story may be 13 inches thick throughout In ali other buildings except frame brief fire walls vhich do not serve as bearing walls shall be not less than 17 inches thick in the upper four stories or upper 50 feet increusinp 4 inches in thickness for each two stories or fraction thereof below No such two-story increment shall exceed 30 feet in height In frame buildings used for manu- facturing or commercial purpo^es and not exceeding two stories or 30 feet in height non-bearing fire walls shall not be less) than 13 incaec thick 2 Every opening in a fire wall or a party wall shall be protected on each, side of the wall by en approved auto- matic fire acor No opening in anj such walls shall exceed 80 snuare feet in area except that by ,vr3tten nermissien of the Building Inspector �n opening not exceeding 120 snuare feet may be allowed in special cases Only doors approved for sucn over size openings shall be used to protect them In no case shall the total widtb of openings in any one story other than the rirst story exceeR 25 per cent in linear length of the wall Fire and party valls shall be continuous from foundation to 2 feet above roof level ana be coped except th-t such walls in fireproof buildings need not extend abore the top of the roof beams 3 'Then three or more buildings used for stores factories or warehouses communicate by opening through separating 'ire walls the openings shall be protected by double fire doors -nd each building stall also be provided with a system of approved automatic spiinlleis 1 4 If any opening in a fire wall is made to serve as an emergency or horizontal e, it and is included in the calcu- lations for exits it shall not exceed 48 snuare feet in area and a self-cloQing fire door shall be substituted for one of the automatic fire doors The automatic door shall be controlled by an ap )roved automatic door release on each side of the wall Section 47 parapet Walle 41, exterior or party walls over 20 feet high except where such walls are sinished as cornices gutters or crobvn mouldings excepting alao the walls of detached dvellings with pealed or hipped roofs shall be furnished with oarapets Parapets shall be not less thin 9 inches thicl and shall 30 project at least 18 inches above the roof at all points All parapet walls shall be coped with anproved durable material Section 48 Hollow Building Block Walls 1 Hollow building blocks of hard burned clay or of concrete may be used for all walls except party and fire walls of buildings not exceeding three stories or 40 feet in height provided that such blocks have met the test requirements and are not stressed beyond the safe limits therein prescribed The minimum thickness of such walls shall be as required for brick walls 2 Concrete blocks shall net be used in construction until they have attained an age of 28 days nor until the, have developed the reouiied test str-ngth All building blocks shall be laid in 11ortland cement mortar 3 If a well be built of blocks laid with the cells horizontal which were designed to be normally lAid with the cells vertical or if band courses of such blocks with cells horizontal be laid in a wall otherwise built of the same blocks with the cells vertical the carrying capacity of such walls shall be calculated from the strength of the blocks tested with their cells horizontal 4 Hollow building the blocks in exterior walls shall be either extra hard burned. or be veneered with brick architectural terra Gotta or stone securely bonded and set or the blocks shall be covered on the exposed surface vith at least 3/4 inch of Portland cement stucco such blocks shall be well scored grooved or roughened to retain the coating The stucco shall not be considered as a part of the required thlck- ress of the wall 5 Vhen hollow block valls laid with cells vertical are decreases in thickness the blocks in the top course of the thicker vall shall be filled solidly Frith concrete or the exposed openings in such top course mdy be covered with slabs of hard burneA tile or concrete at least 1 inch in thickness Tile concrete or metal slabs or templates of approreO size and thickness shall be placed under all floor beams and girders as bearin& plates in ordor that the allow- able working stresses shall not be exceeded 6 Building blocks Shall be so laid that the shells and webs shall be superimposed uoon the shells or webs of the adjacent block or blocks below 7 Hollow blocks when used to form lintels xhich are net keyed arches shall be reirforced with steel rods and be filled solidly with concret-e Such lintels shall be de- signed in accordance ith the unit stresses and other renuire- ments for reinforced concrete 8f Except for party or fire walls hard burned hollow tile blocks nay be used for walls of s' eleton construction having a height not exceeding four stories or 55 feet The thickness shall be the same as requireA for brick walls 31 Hollow tmle blocks faced with brick bonded in the manner specified herein may be used for kvalls of skeleton construc- tion to a height of 10 stories or 125 feet Section 49 Existing Walls 1 ''there An existing party wall is to be incorporated in a new building of skeleton or curtain wall construction the vertical extension of the existing party wall shall be supported entirely by columns and girders and net by the party wall below except that such existing party wall may be extended vertically to the height permitted by this Code for its existing thickness if written approval for such extension is given by the Building Inspector 2 Should it be desired to increase the height of other existing partv or independent walls which are less in thick- ness than required under this Code this shall be none by lining with brickwork to form a combined thickness with the old wall of net less than 4 inches more than the thickness required for a nex wall corresponding with the total height of the wall when so increased in height Such lining shall be supported on proper 'oundations and carried up to such a height as the Building Inspector may require All linings shall be at least 9 inches in thickness laid up in cement mortar bonded 4 inches into the old wall at least e7ery- 7 feet both horizontally and vertically anc shall be thoroughly anchored to the ola brick walls with suitable wrought iron or steel anchors placed 7 feet apart and properly anchored into the old walls by through bolts or by expansion bolts set in cement or by ether approved method The anchors shall be placed in rows alternating vertically and horizontally with each ether the old galls being first cleaned of plaster or ether coatings where any lining is to be built against the same No wall snall be lined unless in goo,' condition and then not urtil written permission so to do has been granted. by the Building Inspector Section 50 Furred Jalls and Hollow Trlalls 1 The insiae 4 inches of all walls may be built of hard burned hollow brick the dimensions of ordinary bricl properly tied and bonded into the walls ClPy concrete or gypsum the or blocks used as lin ng or furring shall not be considered as forming part of the required thickness of any vall 2 In all hollok walls of stone brick or concrete the same net horizontal section shall be used as it they were solidi The harts of hollow walls shall be connected by approved tiers of brie.` stone or metal placed not over 24 inches apart horizontally and vertically Petal ties shall have the enas bent at right angles and be net less than 1 inch wide by 1/4 inch thick and shall extend into the vall on each side rot less than 4 inches Section 51 Recesses and Chases in «`alls 1 Recesses for stairways or elevators may be located vithin the required thickness of foundations or cellar walls 32 provided the walls are not thereby reduced to a less thickness than that required for a fourth story wall Reinforcement shall be supplied when necessary to compensate for the aiminished thickness as approved by the Building Inspector The brick backing of recesses for alcoves and similar spaces shall be not less than 4 inches thick 2 No pipe chases shall extend into any wall more than one-third of its reauired thickness No horizontal chase shall exceed 4 feet in length in any wall without express permission of the Building Inspector No recess in a wall shall be made within a distance of 6 feet from any other recess in the same wall Chases shall not be permitted within the required area of any pier, Chases or recesses in walls built of hollow blocks shall not be formed by cutting of blocks or by other method which would impair the strength of the wall Neat fitting metal sleeves or asbestos covering shall be provided around pipes at each floor level and the chases at these levels shall be filled with solid masonry for the space of one foot in he3ight Section 52 Arches and Lintels 1 Openings for doors and windows shall have arches or lintels of masonry or metal which shall have a bearing at each end of net less than 5 inches on the wall Bearing plates shall be provided for lintels resting on walls where the span is more than 6 feet Tie rods shall be used in all arches where necessary to resist the thrust 2 On the inside of oneninge• less than 4 feet in width in walls of frame ordinary or mill-constructed buildings in which lintels or arches may be less than the thickness of the wall to be supported timber lintels ma,7 be permitted which shall rest at each end not more than 2 inches on any wall and be chamfere(I or cut to serve for a rowlock of keyed arch Section 53 Mll of Unfinished Builaings Any building the erection of which was commenced in accordance with specifications and plans submitted to and approved by the Building Inspector prior to the passage of t'iis Code if properly constructed and in safe condition may be completed or built u )on in accordance with the requirements of law as to thickness of walls in force at the time when such specifications and plans vere approved 33 t PART VII HEIGHTS AND AREAS Section 54 Height of Buildings 1 No building or structure hereafter erected except church spires water towers smoke stacls or chimneys shall exceed in height two and one-half times the width of the videst street upon which fit fronts nor shall it exceed the following limits Height in Height in Stories feet Frame building used for purposes other than dwellings and tenements 2 30 Frame dwellings and tenements occupied by not more than two families 2-j 30 Frame dwellings occupied by not more than one family 3 35 Building having bearing walls of hollow terra Gotta or concrete blocks 3 40 Non-fireproof buildings ordinary construction 4 55 Non-fireproof buildings mill construction without sprinklers 6 75 with sprinklers 8 95 Semi-Fireproof and Fire-Resistive buildings used for factories stores warehouses or workshops 9 100 Fireproof Semi-fireproof and Fire-�eesistive buildings other than factories stores warehouses or workshops 10 125 2 If a single story building exceeds 30 feet in height the roof shall be constructed enti ely of incombustible materials and all metal frame work of same shall be pro- tected with fireproofing except as provided elsewhere in this Code 3 4 single story building not exceeding 30 feet in height may have a roof monitor not exceeding 10 feet in height Section 55 Allowable Floor 4reas 1 In eery building of the character named in this section the maxi-um area of any floor bet7een fire walls or exterior sells eithee without or with a full eouipment of automatic sprinklers shall be as follows 34 2 Non-fireproof construction--- a Tenement houses 3000 so ft b All other ordinary non-fireproof building$, height not exceeding 55 feet With sprinklers Without increase of Fronting on Sprinklers 66-2/3 Der cent One street 5 000 so ft 8 333 so ft Tvo streets 6 000 sq ft 10 000 sq ft Three or more streets 7 500 so ft 12 500 so ft o Mill construction buildings height limit 75 and 95 feet With sprinklers Without increase of Fronting on Sprinklers 66-2/3 per cent One street 6 500 sq ft 13 000 sq ft Two street$ 8 000 sq ft 16 000 so ft Three or more streets 10 000 so ft 20 000 so ft 3 Fireproof Semi-fireproof or fire-resistive construction a All buildings in Classes ) No A B C ani D restrictions Light and Power Stations ) as to area Of-'ice Bu lding ) b All otner buildings not exceeding 75 feet in height With Sprinklers Without increase of Pronting on Sprinklers 66-2/3 per cent One street 10 000 so ft 16 666 so ft Two streets 12 000 so ft 20 000 so ft Three or more streets 15 000 so ft 25 000 so ft c Stores mare'thouses factories and workshops not exceeding 100 feet avid other buildings not exceeding 125 in height Vith Sprinklers Without increase of Fronting on Sprinklers 50 per cent One street 7 500 so ft 11 250 an ft Two streets 10 000 so ft 15 000 so ft Three or more scree+s 12 500 so ft 18 750 so ft d The first floor o,ly of any fireproof building occupied as a stole may ha a an area of 20 000 so ft and if fullv protected by sporovea automatic sprinklers nay be increase8 50 ner cent or have a maximum area of 30 000 sn ft 35 to t PART VIII ALLORABLE LOADS Section 56 Floor Loads 1 Each floor of every building shall be of sufficient strength in all its parts to bear safely the weight to be imposed thereon in addition to the weight of the floor itself It shall safely support a minimum live load per square foot of area as specified in the following table Live Loads Pounds per Snuare Foot Exclusive of Partitions Loads Ground and Upper Class of Building Lower Floors Floors Foundries light and power plants printing and lithographing houses railroad freight depots 250 250 Warehouses 200 200 Car barns garages 150 120 Fire houses 150 60 Armories ball rooms dance halls exhibition buildings factories gymnasiums 120 120 Workshops lofts markets stables stores public halls 120 100 Railway passenger stations 120 90 Office Buildings 120 75 Court houses 100 100 Churches libraries museums theaters 90 90 Schools ana Colleges 100 70 Asylums bath houses club houses detention buildings dormitories hospitals hotels lodge rooms lodging houses studios 90 60 Tenement houses and dwellings 60 40 2 Any floor beam in a building of Class E shall be capable of sustaining a live load at its center of at least 4000 pounds in addition to the dead load 3 No safe shall be placed on a stair landing or in a stair hall nor shall its weight be carried by any beam which also carries the floor of any stair landing or stair hall Section 57 Roof Loads Every roof with a pitch of less than 20 degrees with the horizontal shall be proportioned to bear safely a live load of 40 pounds roer square foot of surface If the pitch be more than 20 degrees the live load shall be assumed to be 30 pounds per square foot measured on a horizontal plane Section 58 Column Loads 1 Every column post or other vertical support shall be of sufficient strength to bear sfaely the combined Jive and dead loads transmitted to it 2 In buildings more than five stories in height the following reductions are nermissable For columns supporting roof and top floor no reduction for columns supporting each succeeding floor a reduction of 5 per cent of the total live load per floor may be made but the total deduction shall not exceed 50 per cent 36 3 No reductions oT live load on columns shall be per- mitted to buildings where the assumed floor load is more than 150 pounds per square foot and is Nicely to be permanent in character as in warehouses printing houses machine shops, etc 4 For structures carrying macnlnery such as cranes conveyors vrinting presses etc at least 25 per cent shall be added to the stresses from live leads to provide for effect of impact and vibfations Section 59 Sidewalk Loads For sideNalks between the curb and building lines live loads shall be taken at 300 hounds her square foot or by a concentrated load of 5 tons at any point Section 60 Loads on Existing Floors If and vnen reauired by the Building Inspector the owners of existing buildings of Classes E and F shal have the weight that each floor vill safely sustain computed by a competent person Such computations shall be filed with the Building Inspector with an affidavit by the person making the same in such mrnner as the Building Inspector may direct and shall give full information on which the computations are based When the safe live loads on any existing floor thus ascertained has beer, approved by the Building Inspector he shall post one or more copies of such approved live load in such conspiici�us place Or places on each story as mPy be designated bj the Building Insnector and no floor shall be leaded in excess of the safe allowance mentioned in said hosted copy 37 1 } PART IX EXIT FACILITIES Section 61 Number and Width of Exits and Doors 1 Every building except dwellings and every story in each building above the first shall have at least two means of exit remote from each other one of these shall oven to a dtreet or fireproof passage leading to a street and one may open to a yard or other space deemed safe by the Building Inspector and of sufficient area to accomodate all persons in the building Two means of exit remote from each other shall be provided from each story of dwellings when over 3 stories in height 2 In every building except buildings of Class D all required exit doors in the first story including the doors of vestibules shall open outwards This requirement shall not prohibit the use of doors which swing both inwards and outwards nor of sliding or rolling doors in stables garages storerooms and the shipping and receiving rooms of manufactur- ing mercantile and industrial buildings where approved by the Building Inspector 3 When exit doorways have a clear width of at least 40 inches each the aggregate widths of such doorways shall be eaual to the required width of corridor or stairway served by same WhBn individual doors are less than 40 inches wide there shall be one doorway for each 22 inches or re- quired width of corridor or stairway leading to same Dvery doorway shall be at least 2B inches wide in the clear All passageway exit doors shall swing in the direction of exit travel except in case of horizontal exits where direction of travel may be indeterminate All exit doors leading from rooms having an occupancy of 15 or over shall open in the direction of exit travel except in schools where fire drills are organized under control of the teachers 4 The opening of one door shall not be permitted to obstruct another and the are of opening of doors which open upon stairway landings or platforms shall not reduce the width of the passageway to less than the required width of the stairs 5 Every room having an occupancy of more than 75 persons shall have at least two doorways remote from each other leading to exits 6 Hallways or corridors at the street or court level furnishing exit from stairways shall be not less in width than the aggregate width of the required stairways which they serve Every hallway or corridor which may serve as an exit for 50 or more persons shall have at least 44 inches of width for the first 50 persons and 6 inches additional for each additional 50 persons to be accomodated thereby This computation shall be based on the number of persons in the story having the largest occupancy served by said corridor 7 At all times when any loft or space is occupied for manufacturing or mercantile purposes the fastenings or locks on exit doors shall be such as may be easily opened from the inside without the use of keys 38 8 A clearly painted sign marked "E%IT" in letters not less than 6 inches in height shall be placed over all exits in the above specified buildings The elevators shall be provided with similar signs marked 'ELEVATOR" Such signs shall be illuminated vhen necessary by means of artificial lighting The color of such lignt shall be green Note -It has been customary to designate an exit by a red light but State and National Safety Organizations have adopted green as the standard color to indicate safety and red to signify danger It is therefore consistent that exit signs which betoken safety should be marked by green lights 9 Elevators escalators and revolving doors shall not be considered in calculating exit reouirements 10 Entrances and doors in tenement hougps theatres motion picture theatres and places of public or private entertainment shall be as elsewhere provided in this Code Section 62 Width and Construction of Public Hallways Every entrance hallway shall be at least 4 feet wide in the clear from the main entrance to the stairway enclosure If such entrance hallway is the only entrance to more than one stairway that portion of said hallway between the entrance and the first stairway shall be increased in width one-half for each additional stairway it serves In nll tenement houses public hallways serving as means of egress of not more than 3 apartments on one floor shall be 44 inches wide in the clear and for each additional apartment so served on such floor the vidth shall be increased 8 inches All stair hallways and hallvays connecting with elevator shafts in tenement houses and in all buildings of Classes B C D and L all partitions enclosing public hallways shall be built as required under fireproof semi-fireproof or fire-resistive partitions Section 63 Interior Stairs 1 Construction a All stairs platforms landings And stair halls shall be of sufficient strength to safely sustain a live load of not less than 80 pounds per square foot b All stairs and stairways serving an exit shall be corr structed of incombustible materials throughout except in build- ings permitted of frame ordinary or mill construction net exceeding 40 feet in height And occupied by not more than 50 persons above the first story and except when the stairs are enclosed in fireproof semi-fireproof or fire-resistive partitions it buildings of frame ordinary or mill construction not exceeding 50 feet in height or occupied by more than 50 persons above the first story 39 c When treads or landings are of slate marble stone or composition the,/ shall be supported for their entire length and width by a solid slate plate at least one-eighth of an inch thick securely fastened, ovhen stairs ale of fireproof construction the treads and landings may be solidly supported for their entire length and width by the materials of which such stairs are constructed- The treads and landings shall be constructed and maintained in such manner as to prevent persons from slipoing thereon 2 Enclosures Renuired a All buildings used above the first floor for manufacturing or business purposes or for public assemblage or for any purposes whatever if over three stories or 40 feet high shall have the required stair shafts separately and continuously enclosed b Nothing in this Section shall reouire the enclosure of the flight of a required stairs when ornamental in character from the main entrance floor to the floor next abovq provided that such stairs are net the only required stairs and that all ether recuiredl stairs in this story are enclosed. as in this section prescribed and that some other required stairs is accessible from the upper part of the stairs in question a No 0nen3ngs shall be permitted in the stair enclosures required by this section other than doorways and such windows as are necessary for proper lighting The doorways shall be enuipped with approved self-closing fire feors except that in fire-resistive enclosures substantial self closing hardwood metal or metal covered doers may be usedq Windows, opening on the interior of the building shall be stationery fire windows 3 Enclosures--Construction of-- a In fireproof and semi-fireproof buildings all interior shafts containing stairways required to be enclosed and all shafts exceeding 6 square feet in area containing eleva- tors escalators hoistways chutes ventilating ducts or used for any other purpose shall be continuously enclosed with fireppoof partitions or masonry walls b In buildings of fire-resistive mill ordinary or frame construction all interior shafts designated in paragraph (a) above shall be continuously enclosed with fire-resistive semi-fireproof or fireproof partitions or masonry walls Section 64 Treads and Risers Except where winding stairs are permitted by the Building Inspector treads and risers shall be so proportioned that the product of the tread ( exclusive of nosing) and the riser in inches shall be not less than 70 nor more than 75 but risers shall not exceed 7-3/4 inches in height and treads shall be not less than 9-1/2 inches wide Basement and attic stairs may vary from these dimensions with the auproval of the Building Inspector Treads other than winding treads and risers shall be of uniform width and height in any one flight The use of winders is prohibited except for stairs of an ornamental character having a width of not less than 5 feet Section 65 Landings No flight of stairs shah have a vertical rise of more than 12 feet between floors or landings providing that in stairs serving as an exit from places of assembly such vertical rise shall not exceed 8 feet The distance between risers on landings in straight runs of stairs shall be not less than 44 inches 40 Section 66 Hand Rails Stairs shall have walls bFilustrades or guards with hand rails on both sides When the required width of a stairway exceeds 88 inches an intermediate hand rail continuous between landing well supported and terminating at the upper end in newels or standards at least 6 feet high shall be provided Section 67 Exterior Stairways 'Renuired stairs permitted on the outside of buildings shall be constructed of incombustible materials and shall conform in other respects except as to enclosure to the requirements for interior stairs All doors or windows opening on outside stairs shall be protected by approved self-closing fire doors or automatic fire windows Dietal mesh or other rigid guards at least 6 feet high shall be provided on each unenclosea side of such stairways Provision shall be made to properly drain the stairs and landings Section 68 Renuirements for Exits and Stairways 1 Every building nereafter erected and every building altered or converted to increase its occupancy excepting dwellings tenement houses theatres and assembly halls vhica are elsewhere provided for shall have exits and stair- ways as reauired in this section Exit for dwellings Sec 61 2 (a) The term floor area in this section shall mean the entire space in a given story between exterior walls fire walls or fire exit partitions except that in computing such area the space occupied by valls partitions columns and all shaft-s may be excluded (b ) The term horizontal exit shall be understood to mean one or more openings through or around a fire wall fire exit partition or any wall separating two buildings no such opening shall be less than 30 inches ride or such an exit may be an exterior bridge or balcony connecting two buildings or tvo floor areas of the same building There there is a difference in level between connected buildings or floor areas gradients shall be provided of not more than 1 foot in 6 feet where practicable The bridges or balconies shall be not less than 44 inches wide and shall oe constructed of incombustible material and enclosing on the sides at least 4 feet high All exterior exposing openings in connected buildings or floor areas within 10 feet of bridge or balcony shall be protected by fire doors or lire windows with fixed automatic sash The floor of a bridge or a balcony shall not be less than 7-3/4 inches below the door sill opening upon it the connecting floor within the building shell be not more than 1 inch below the sill Eeverj such bridge or balcony when enclosed shall be provided with means of lighting All horizontal exits shall be provided with self-closing fire doors Such doers shall be kept unlocked during the occupancy of any portion of the floor areas or connected buildings 'Tired glass may be used in doors in horizontal exits provided it conscrms to the requirements of this Code 41 a i } Section 69 Exits and Protection of Existing Buildings 1 Where the exit facilities of existing buildings are found by the Building Inspector to be inadequate additional exits sprinklers or ether protection shall be provided of approved types 2 In case the Building Inspector may have declared an existing builaing unsAfe and ordereA increased exit facili- ties s ,)rinklers or other protection anpeal may be made from such order to the City Council The decision of the Citv Council sh911 be finPl and when it has been complied with the Building Inspector shall issue a certificate of occupancy to accord witn such decision Section 70 Engineers Stationery Ladders Eve y building in vhic.h High pressure stea-n boilers are v placed in the cellar or lowest story shall have stationery iron ladders or stairs from such story leading direct to a manhole through the sidewalk or ether outside exit in addition to ano+he^ approved means of entrance and exit 42 a 1 i P4RT A STREIJGTH vUALITY A14D WEIGHT OF 4kTERIALS Section 71 Tests All tests shal, be conducted under the direction or supervision of the Building Inspector Laboratory tests shall be made when necessary by 9 competent reputable autnority rho is disinterested and acceptable to the Building Inspector and such tests shall be Laid for by the owner or builder The Building Inspector may at h-is discretion accept certifies reports of tests by resoonsible persons provided such reports show that tae materials appliances or method of construction 41eet the renuirements of this Code Section 72 Brick 1 411 bricks used in buil3ings except tnose used for fire-stopping shall be sound hard-burned or other approved brick of regular shade Second-hand bricr shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used Not more than 15 per cent shall be bats or brokon brick 2 Brick tested for approval shall develop an average strength of 2000 lbs per square inch and no sample shall fall below 1800 lbs per snuare inch Brick shall be tested flatwise ( half bricks permitted) and the average shall be taken on at least five samples The average allocable absorption shall not exceed 15 per cent Section 73 Sancl Sand used for building construction shall be clean hard and free from dust and dirt Section 74 Lime Slaked lime ( lime putty) shall be made from well burned nuick lime free from ashes clinker and other foreign material Dry hydrated lime shall be the finely divided product resulting from mechanically slaking Dure quick lime at the place of manufacture Lime small be of nuality to meet the specifications of the American 5ocietV fdY Testing materials Section 75 Lime Plaster Line plant-r shall be made of one part by rolumne of slaked lixe ( lime putty) or dry hydrated lime and not more than four parts by volumne of sand Section 76 Cement Portland cement and Natural cement shall meet the respec- tive reouirements of the current Standard Test Specifications of the American Society for Testing Iaterials for those cements and any other renuirements of the Building Inspector No caked or lumpy cement shall be used 43 It S $ Section 77 Mortar Lime mortar shall be made of one part of slaked or dry nydrated lime and not more than four oarts of sand by volumne Cement mortar shall be made of one part of cement and not more than three Darts of sand. by volumne Cement lime mortar shall be made of one part of cement one part of slaked lime or dry hydrated lime and not more than six parts of sand by volumne Section 78 Gyosum Mortar or Plaster A mortar or Dla(3ter com-)osed of 1 part retarded gypsum and not more than 3 parts sand with binding material when necessary Section 79 Building Blocks The term "block" as used in this section shall mean any shape of block brick or tile whi(,t} forms a hollow or cellular wall Hollow clay blocks for bearing walls shall be dense and hard-burned or vitreous Portland cement only shall be used in the manufacture of concrete blocks and the coarse aggregate shall be of suitable material graded in size but in no case shall the ma-Kimum dimension exceed one-half the thickness of the thinnest shell or web of the finished block All building blocks used for bearing walls shall be marked or branded for identification and such marks or brands shall be registered with the Building Inspect-or No make of blocks shall be used in any structure until the reeuisite numler of samplezhave successfully met the test requirements of this section and have been aDDroved by the Building Inspector Tests shall be made to establish the working stresses to govern the use of blocks of each »articular make or brand A series of ten full size blocks shall be selected by the Building Inspector from average nuality stock either at the factory or from stock delivered for use at a building and shall be tested for com )ression Concrete blocks shall be not more than 36 days old when tested The conpressive strength of building blocks shall in all cases be calculated upon the gross sectional area of the bedding faces including the cellular soaces All blocks submitted to to-t shall be bedded in Dlaster of paris or cement to secure an even bearing Taro-piece blocs shall be tested in pairs as set to form the two faces of Vie wall The strength requirement shall be the game as for hollow blocks and it shall be calculated upon tie gross sectional wall area which vould be formed by the two blocks and +he space between them 44 The average ultimate compressive strength for hollow- tile blocks designed to be normally laid with the cells vertical and which are tested with the cells in that position shall be not less than 1200 lbs per square inch The allow- able working stress of such blocks shall not exceed 120 lbs per square inch The average compressive strength of hollow tile blocks, which are designed to be normally laid with the cells vertical but are tested vith the cells horizontal shall be not less than 300 lbs Der square inch and no block of the set shall test less than 200 lbs per square inch The allow- able working stress of such blocks when laid with the cells horizontal shall not exceed 30 lbs per square inch The average ultimate compressive strength for hollow til9 blocks designed to be normally laid with the cells horizontal, and which are tested with the cells in that position shall be not less than 800 lbs per square inch The allowable vork- ing stress on such blocks shall not exceed 80 lbs Der square inch The average compressive strength for concrete blocks vhen tested with the cells vertical shall be not less than 700 lbs per square inch and 300 lbs per square inch with no black testing at less than 200 lbs Der square inch if tested with the cells horizontal The allovable working stress for such blocks shall not exceed 70 lbs and 30 lbs per square inch respectively Hollor building blocks may be filled solidly with cement concrete or cerzent mortar to increase the stability and to aid in distributing the load but the allocable working stress on such blocks shall not be greater than twat permitted for unfilled blocks The absorption of building blocks used for bearing or panel walls determined by taking the average test of three blocks shall not exceed 10 per cent in 48 hours and shall not exceed 15 per cent in any case Section 80 Hollow Building Tile for Floors Clay floor the vhen tested on end and faced with Portland cement shall give an average compressive strength of not less than 2500 lbs per square inch of net area The average strength shall be computed from the results of test of ten average tile Section 81 Concrete All concrete shall consist of a medium wet or plastic mixture of cement sand and stone gravel or other hare] durable material of such Droportions as shall be approved by the Building Inspector unless specified by this Code The sand and cement shall be of quality specified in Section 73 and 76 and the coarse aggregate vhere net specified by this Code shall be as approved by the Building Inspector All forms and centering shall be built plumb and to true lines in a substantial manner witn joints sufficiently tight to prevent the leakage of the cement mortar Thej shall be properly supported and braced to safely sustain both the dean load and the live load that may be placed upon them during construction 45 A. s % % M 4 Section 82 Structural Timber All timbers and wooden beams used in building shall be of gooa sound material free from rot large and loose knots shakes or any imperfection whereby the strength may be seriously impaired Section 83 Structural Steel and Iron All vrought and cast iron and structural steel shall conform to the test reauirements of the current Standard Specifications of the American Society � Testiig Materials All structural steel shall show an ultimate strength of 55 000 to 65 000 lbs per square inch No second-hand rolled shames shall be used in any structure without the written permission of the Building Inspector Steel castings shall be made f cm open hearth steel of soft or medium grade and shall be practically free from bloc-holes with a reasonably clear skin and sharpness to pattern and shall show an ultimate tensile strength of 60 000 to 70 000 lbs per square inch Cast iron shall be of good foundry mixture producing a clean tough gray irons Castings shall be free from serious blo -holes cinder spots and cold shuts Section 84 ''`eight of Materials The weights of various materials shall be assumed to be as follows Pounds per Cubic Foot Brickwork--Ordinary 120 Brickwork--Pressed Brick 130 Concrete--Cinder used for floor arches or slabq well tamped 108 Concrete--Cinder used for filling not tamped 60 Concrete--Stone or gravel 144 Granite Bluestone and Marble 170 Limestone 160 Sandstone 145 Oak 50 Spruce and Hemlock 30 White Pine 27 Yellom Pine Grade I 42 Yellow Pine Grade II 35 maple 43 Birch 45 Douglas Fir and Cypress 35 46 PART XI 'VOR�ING STRESSES Section 85 Computations The required dimensions of each piece of material and of each fora of construciion to be used in buildings shall be computed according to the rules prescribed in this Code$ supplemented by +hose which may be Drcmulgated by the Building Inspector Factors of Safety-- There the Code furnished neither a unit working stress nor a factor of safety for a material the relation of allovable working stress to uiti _iate strength shall be determined by the Building Inspector Section 86 'Dermissable Working StresRes The safe ca raring capacity of the various materials of construction vhen not otherwise specified shall be deter- mined oy the following working stresses in pounds Der souare inch of sectional area Steel and Iron a The maxiium allowable stresses in pound per souare inci in steel and iron shall not exceed the following Rolled Cast Wrought Cast Steel Steel Iron Iron Tension on net section 16 000 16 000 12 000 Maximum com)-es ion gross section 14 000 14 000 10 000 10 000 Bending on extreme fibre 16 000 16 000 12 000 Bending on extreme fibre tension 3 000 Bending on extreme fibre compression 10 000 Bending on extreme fibre of pins 25 000 Shear shop driven rivets and pins 12 000 Shear field driven rivets 10 000 Shear on rolled steel shspes 12 000 Shear plate girder webs gross section 10 000 Sher on br clLets 2 000 Bearing shop driven rivets and. Dine 25 000 Bearing field rivets 209000 Concrete and Masonry Compressten Pounas oer Square Inch Grout Portland cement neat 1 000 Concrete Portland ce^iegt 1, sand 2 stone4 500 Concrete Portland. cement 1 sand 2-2 stone 5 400 Concrete Natural cement 1 sand 2- stone 5 80 Brickvork in Portland cement mortar 250 47 Brickwork in lime and Portland cement mortar 200 Brickwork in lime mortar 100 Hollow terra Gotta blocks see this Code Hollow concrete blocks see this Code Pubble stonework in Portland cement mortar 140 Rubble stonework in lime and cement mortar 100 Rubble stoneworl in lime mortar 70 Out stone masonry other sandstone 600 Sandstone masonry 300 Granites according to test 1 000 to 2 400 Gneiss 1 000 Limestones according to test 700 to 2 300 Marbles according to test 600 to 19200 Sandstones according to test 400 to 1 600 Slate 1 000 Shear Pounds Per Sauare Inch Shearing stress involving diagonal tension in Portland cement concrete in the Dro- portions of 1-2-4 40 Direct s#ear ( Dunching shear ) in Portland cement concrete in the proportions of 1-2-4 120 Structural Timber The following stresses apply to seasoned timber to be kept under shelter in a dry location If the timber is to be used under otner conditions these stresses should be modified Bending Comvresston ?arallel Extreme 1aximum Perpendicular to the Fibre Longitudinal to the Grain Grain Shear columns xith 1 lea tnan 10 Oak 1 400 120 400 1 000 Yellos Pine 1 500 125 350 1 100 Douglas Fir 1 600 125 350 1 100 Eastern Spruce 1 000 75 200 900 'festern Hemlock 1 300 75 250 1 000 Norway Pine 1 000 75 250 800 1- unsupoorted length in inches d- diameter or least side in inches Section 87 forking Stresses for Columns The corking stresses Der snuare inch for all steel cast iron or wooden columns having flat ends shall not exceed the values given by the following formulas Steel Columns 'forking stress S= 16 000---70 1 r 48 Where Sm allowable compression in lbs per square inch 1= length in inches r= least radius of gyration in inches The allowable compression (S) shall not exceedl14 000 lbs per square inch and the ratio of slenderness r shall not e-cceed 120 except that for bracing and for compression members resisting vend stress only the limiting ratio may be 150 Cast Iron Columns Working tress S= 9000 ---- 40 Tr Maximum r shall not exceed 60 t7ocden Columns For Columns with greater than 10, but net exceerling 30 Oak 1 200-20 1 YelloN Pine Grade I 1 400-20 ?r Douglas Fir 1 300-20 1 Spruce 1 100-20 1 Vestern Hemlock 1 200-20 No ewa j Pine 1000-20 1 1= unsupported length in inch-s d= diameter of least side in inches The unsupported length of wooden columns and compression member shall net exceed 30 times the diameter or least side nor shall the unitlstresses exceed those giren in the table in Section 86 for d less than 10 Columns eccentrically loaded The stresses of every column which is eccentrically loaded shall be computed The sum of the stresses due to the eccentricity added to all ethei stresses shall in no case exceed the ver' ing stresses stated in this code Section 88 71nd Pressure All buildings or Darts of buildings in vvhich the height is more than three tines the minimum horizontal dimension shall Le designed to resist a norizontal wind pressure in any direction of 20 lbs for every square foot of exoesed surface The overturning moment due to wind pressure shall not exceed 50 per cent of the moment of stability of the structure unless the structure is securely anchored to the foundation The aichors s'iall be of sufficient streigth to safely carry the excess overturning moment Ni`hout exceeding the allowable unit stresses gi en in this Code For stress producea by wind forces combined with those from live and aezd load the unit stress may be increased 50 per cent over tb t -iven above but toe sec`ion shall be net less than that recurred i= wir forces be peglected 49 In the design of circular chimneys the area subject to wind pressure may be assumed as 60 per cent of the diametral area 50 / rA P9RT XII CAST IrON CONSTRUCTION Section 89 Cast Iron Columns The outside diameter or least side of cast iron columns shall be not less than 5 inches nor shall their unsupported length exceed sixty times their least radius of gyration The finished thickness of metal in the shaft shall not be less than one-twelfth of the outside diameter or the greatest 19teral dimension of cross section nor less than 3/4 inch The thickness of metal in flanges lugs seats and brackets shall be not less than 1 inch In all cast-iron columns at least three holes 3/8 inch diameter shall be drilled 90 degrees apart near the micdle of the shaft for the purpose of measuring the thickness of metal Whenever the core of a cast iron column has shifted more than one-fourth the thickness of the shell the strength shall be computed assuming the thickness of metal all around enual to the thinnest part 9 cast iron column shall be rejected whenever blow-holes or otner imperfections reduce the effective area of the cross section more than 10 per cent The ends of all cast iron columns shall be planed to a true surface perpendicular to the axis of the column Success- ive column lengths shall be bolted together through end flanges with at least four bolts not less than 3/4 inch in diameter No shins snall be used betseen the flanges The connection of beams and girders to cast iron columns shall be effected by means of seats reinforced by brackets of sufficient aepth and thic-ness to support the entire load and by lugs to viica the Krebs o' the beams and girders shall be bolted Tne projection of tas seat beyond the face of the column shall in general be not greater than 4 inches All holes in cast iron columns snall be drilled Cored or cored and reamed holes shall net be permitted The diameter of holes shall not exceed tnat -f the bolts by more than 1/16 incn The distance from the center of a hole to the edge of a flange o lug shall be not less than 1-1/2 inches Cast iron columns shall not be used in any case where the load is sufficiently eccentric to reduce the unit compression to zero in the extreme fibre on one side of the axis of the column Cast iron columns shall not be used in the structural frame of buildings the height of vhich is greater than twice their width nor in buildings over 75 ft high Cast iron columns shall not be painted of corered until aft-r inspection by the Builaing Insoectef Sec+ion 90 Cast Iron Bases and Lintels Cast iron bases of shoes shall be planed on tcp Bases hica rest on steel girders shall be planed ton end bottom The thickness of metal shal be not less than 1 inch The 51 inclination of the outer edge of the ribs frith the horizontal shall be net less than 45 degrees '"henever one side of the bed plate exceeds 3 feet in length a reinforcing flange at least 3 inches high shall be provided Cast iron lintels shall be not less than 3 4 inch in thick- ness and shall not be used for sroans exceeding 6 feet 52 P9RT XIII STEEL CONSTRUCTION Sectlen 91 Steel Columns In steel columns built up of a web plate and angles and Inaving an unsupported length greater than sixty times the least radius of gyration the thickness of metal in the angles shall be not less than one-twelfth the width of the outstanding legs of the angles The unsupported length of a rolled steel column shall not exceed one hundred and twenty times its least radius of gyration nor forty times its least lateral dimension or eiameter The ends of all columns shall be faced to a plane surface at right angles to the axis of the columns �`herever practicable the connections Letieen them shall be made +nth splice plates then the sections of the columns to be spliced are such that splice plates cannot be used a connection formed of elates and angles designed to properly distribute the stress may be used Where sny part of the section of a column projects beyond that of the column above the difference shall be made up by filling plates secured to the column by the proper number of rivets The pitch of rivets at the ends of built-up columns shall not exceed four diametersof the civet for a length enual to twice the greatest lateral dimension of the column Section 92 Steel Girders and Beams Plate girders shall be designed by net moment of inertia and not by gross section The thickness of the web in built-up girders shall be not less than one-one-hundred and twentieth of the distance between the flange angles or stiffeners nor less than 1/4 inch Then the unsupported length (1 ) of the compression flanpe of a girder exceeds ten times its width (b ) the unit stress in such flange shall not exceed 19 000-300 1 but in no case shall the unsupported length of the compression flange exceed forty time its width Stiffeners shall be provided over supports and under concentrated loads they shall be of sufficient strength as a column to carry the loads and shall be connected with a sufficient number of rivets to transmit the stress to the ieb plate If the unsupported death of the veb plate exceeds sixty times its thickness intermediate stiffeners shall be pro- vided All stiffeners shall be in pairs with close bearing against the flange angles 'hen rolled steel beams are used in pairs to form girders the7 shall be connected together by bolts and iron or steel separators at interials of not more tnan 5 feet 411 beams 12 inches and over in depth shall have at least two bolts to each separator 53 Beams supported by girders shall be riveted or securely bolted to the same Every beam lin+el or girder supported by a wall shall be properly anchored thereto and shall rest upon a steel or iron plate so designed as to properly distribute the load over the masonr 7 Section 93 Connections and Framing Steel girders columns beams trusses and other steel wort of floors and roofs shall be well and firmly cones cted together and to the walls All beams framed into other beams girders or columns shal, be connected thereto either by angles or knees with sufficient rivets or bolts in both legs of each connecting angle to transmit the entire load coming on the connect on to the supporting beam girder or column or a seat suffi- ciently strong to carry the full load +vitn a side angle to hold the beam in place may be used Section 94 Steel Trusses Trusses shall be so designed that the stresses in each member can be calculated All trusses shall be held rigidly in position by efficient systems of lateral and svay bracinE struts Leing spaced so that the maximum linit of length at least radius of gyration established in this Code is not exceeded For tension members the actual net area only after deducting rivet holes 1/8 inch larger than the rivets shall be considered as res39ting the stress Compression members in pin-connected trusses shall be so designed that the stresses shall not exceed 75 per cent of the permissible wo, king stress for columns The heads of all eye-bars shall be made by upsetting or forging No weld shall be allowed in the body of the bar Steel eye-bars shall be annealed Bars shall be straight before boring All pin-holes shall be bored true and at right angles to the axis of the members and must fit the pin within 1/32 inch Eye and screw ends shall be so proportioned that upon test to aestruction, fracture will take place in the body of the member All pins shall Le accurately turned Section 95 Riveting and Bolting All component harts of built-up columns girders and trusses shall be riveted In buildings over 3 stories in height riveting shall also be used in column splices in web and flange splices of girders and trusses and in all connections of beams find girders to columns Where riveting is impracticable turned bolts mayrbe used provided the holes for sar1P are punched and reamed to a template and the bolts are accurately fitted 54 All shop rivets) wherever practicable shall be machine driven The pitch of rivets shall never be less than three diameters of the rivet nor more than 6 inches In the direction of the stress it shall not exceed sixteen times the least thickness of the outside member At right angles to the stress it shall not exceed thirty-tyro times the least thickness of the outside member Trivets shall fill the holes completely the heads shall be hemispherical and concentric with the axis of the rivet the length between heads shall not exceed fitie times the diameter TYhere riveting is not renuired connections may be made by bolts which shall be of wrought iron or mild steel with United States standard threads The threads shall be full and clean the nut shall be truly concentric %vith the bolt and th- thread shall be of sufficient length to allow the nut to be screved up tightly Nhen bolts are used in tension the working stresses shall be reduced to 7000 pounds Der snuare inch of net area fcr steel and to 5000 pounas per snuare inch for wrought iron and the load shall be transmitted into the head or nut by washers distributing the pressure evenly over the en- ture surface of the same In the constri.Lction of exterior stairs landin Dlat- forms and balconies no rivet shall be less than 3/8 inch 61ametpr and no bolt less than 1/2 inch diameter Section 96 Protection against Corrosion fill metal structural work shall be cleaned of all scale dirt and rust and be given one coat of paint completely covering all exposed surfaces Paint shall be made of pigments which shall be chemically inert after application and shall be mixed with linseed or other drying oil The amount of volatile matter shall be sufficient for easy spreading and shall not injure the film of the paint The paint must dry sufficiently hard within 24 heirs 13o that it will not rub off or abrade easily All abraded or injured Dortions must be thorongtily recoated with the same material Surfaces of riveted work which come in contact with each ether shall be painted with one coat of paint before assemb- ling All iron or steel used in damp locations or under Rater shall be embedded in Portland cement concrete No Dnint shall be applied to the steel surfaces which are to be encased in concrete 55 40 w 0 % t PART XIV OFDINAPY CONSTRUCTION Section 97 Wooden Beams or Joists Every wooden beam in any part or fire wall shall be separated from any other beam in the wall by at least 6 inches of solid masonry Such separation may be obtained by staggering the beams corbeling or by use of approved steel hangers properly anchored in the Nall and arranged to make the beams self-releasing No wall shall be corbeled more than 2 inches for this purpose If the beam ends are opposite each other in the vall the separation shall be not less than 8 inches No wooden floor or roof beam used in any building Nithin the fire limits shall be less than 2 inches thick (nominal ) The thickness oi: wooden beams shall be not less tnan 3 inches ( nominal ) in any building where the floor load is greate, than 60 pounas per snuare foot Trimmer and header beams over 4 feet in length shall be hung in approved metal stirrups or hangers Every wooden beam except header and tail beams shall have bearing of at least 4 inches Neither end of a door or roof beam shall be supported on stud partitions except in frame building All wooden floor and roof beams shall be properly braced vith cross bridging The distance betireen bridging or between bridging and bearing shall not exceed 8 feet So far as possible knots or other imperfections shall be excluded from the bottom and top cnuarter5 of timber beams Section 98 Separating Wood Beams from Masonry Chimneys No wooden beams or joists shall be placed within 2 inches of the outside face of a chimney or flue whether the same be for smoke air or any other Durpose No woodwork shall be Nithin 4 inches of the back face of the wall of any fireplace For smoke flues or boilers and furnaces where the brick work is required to be more than 8 inches in thickness the header beams shall be not less than 4 inches from the outside of the brickvoik All spaces between the chimney and the wooden beams shall be filled with mineral wool loose cinders gypsum block or other porous incombustible material The header beam carrying the tail beams of a floor and supporting the trimmer arch in front of a fireplace shall be not less than 20 inches from the chimney breast No Noeden furring or studding stall be placed against any chimney the plast-ring shall be directly on the masonry or on metal lathing Separate wooden trii from plaster on masonry or chimney by 1/8 inch asbestos board 56 i i % t Section 99 Anchors for Wooden Beams and Girders Each tier of beams shall be anchored to the walls with steel anchors at intervales of not more than 6 feet t7here the beams are supported by girders the girders shall be anchored to the walls and fastened to each other by steel straps The ends of good beams resting upon girders shall be abutted together end to end or lapped spiked and strappea by steel straps of the same size and distance apart and in the same manner as the wall anchors Each tier of beams running parallel to enclosing walls shall have aptiroved 4 inch anchor strips dovetailed into the beams diagonally crossing at least four beams Every pier shall also be well anchored to at least three bears of each story with steel anchors Section 100 Timb-r Columns Posts and Trusses All timber columns and posts shall be squared at the ends perpendicular to their axis and iron or steel cap elates and base )lates shall be provided ('"here the cap plate of a timber column or post supports a wocden girder any column above shall bear directly on the metal cap ana shall not rest on the girder Steel check olates shall be bolted to the girders and post when required for safety All bolts used in connection with timber cork shall be provided vith washers of such proportions as will reduce the compression on the wood at the face of the washer to that allowed i 'i Section 86 suoposing the bolt to be stressed to its limit 57 PART XV ROOFS PTO ROOF STRUCTU-ES Section 101 Roof Coverings All buildings except as given below shall have roof coverings of approved standard quality such as brick con- crete the or slate or highest grade of tin roofing or of as-estos sainples or of built-uu roofing felt with gravel or slag surface or of built-up asbestos roofing or otner roofings of like grade vhich vould rank as Class A or B under tie test specifications of the Undeririters ' Labora- tories Exceptions (a ) D aellings (b ) Fia-ne buildings (c ) Buildings not exceeding tvo stories or 30 feet in height and 2500 souare feet in area and not use,4 for factories warehouses or mercantile purposes The nuality of roofing for all dwellings and other buildings exempted above shall be as therein specified or e_ a grade which would rank not lover than Class C under the test specifications of the Undeririters' Laboratories The wooden planking and sheathing of roofs shall not in my case be extended across side or party walls Any roof having a pitch over 60 degrees placed on any building over^ 40 feet high extent towers or church spires shall be constructed of iron or steel frames with fireproof material not less than 3-1/ 2 inches thick and shall be coverel rith approved roofing All flashings shall be of metal properly incorporated with the roofing material Copper flashings are recommended The too and sides of dormer windovs shall be protected the same as the roof This section shall not be construed to prohibit the repairing of a wooden shingle roof provided the building is not increased in height but the reneial of such a roof is forbidden No existing wooden shingle roof if damaged more than 10 oer cent shall be repaired with other than aobroved roofing Section 102 Roof Leaders All buildings shall be provided with proper metal leaders which shall be connected to the sewer Where there are no sewers such leaders shall be connected by pipes below the surface to the street gutter or a cesspool Detached dwellings or othef one-story buildings may be exempt from the reouirenents of this section at the discretion of the Building Inspec+or Section 103 Scut`les on Roofs Upon the roof of everj building more than 15 feet high which is not reauired +o have stairs and bulkhead leading thereto there shall be a scut'-le tith stairs or substantial 58 stationery step ladT.er leading to same qhich shall be easily accessible at all tires to all occupants without the use of keys All non-fireproof scuttles shall be covered on the top and edges with sheet metal or other approved fireproof material The roof opening shall be at least 2 fePt by 3 feet in size Section 104 Pent Houses and Bulkneads All inclosu-eq upon roofs for tanks elevators or elevator machinery and all pent houses and bulkheads upon non-fireproof building shall be of fireproof construction or may be built of vooAen stiids filled with brick or other incombustible material and completely covered with metal or other approved incombustible material and all windows doors and trip shall be of metal or metal covered and be glazed with vired glass vhere glass is used All such structures upon fireproof buildings sh-ill be of fireproof construction including floors and in all cases the outside surface shall be covered with approved incombusti- ble veather proof material, including all surfaces and the edges of doors and jambs Bulkheads or Dent hoa,es mhen used only for the purpose of enclosing staircases tG roofs elevator machinery water tanks ventilating apparatus exhaust chambers or other machinery need not be considered in determining the height of the building No staging stand sign or other structure shall be constructed upon the roof of any building vithout first obtaining the approval of the Building Insoector Section 105 Tanks Tanks of more than 500 gallons capacity placed within any building or on or above the roof of anj building shall be supported by steel or maconry of sufficient strength to carry the same safely Beams shall rest at both ends on steel girders iron or steel columns or walls or viers of masonry The supporting I-beams shall either have the ends built into masonry work or shall be secArely framed together in a manner to prevent possibility of overturning or buckling due to oscillation of the tank in a wind storm In or near the bottom of each tank there shall be a DiDe or outlet not less than 4 inches in diameter fitted with a suitable gate valve to permit ready drainage of the tank in c-se of necessity Wooden corers of tanks on roofs shall be covered with metal Hoops of wooden tanks shall be of metal having circular cross-section Tanks hawing a cap city exceeding 1000 gallons and placed on or within non-fireproof buildings sndll have the supporting steel framework thoroughly encased in fireproofing material Section 106 Cornices and Gutters On all buildings or structures within the fire limits the exterior cornices inclusive of those on show windows and gutters shall be of incombustible material All cornices not built as a Dart of the malls shall be secured to the walls 59 with metal framing or anchors Exterior wooden cornices or gutters on buildings or structures within the fire limits which are unsafe or ate damaged to the extent of one-half snall be taken doom any replacement of same shall be made with incombustible materials If damaged less than one-half they may be repaired with the same material as originally constructed Outside the fire limits where buildings having masonry walls are placed nearer than 3 feet to a side or rear lot line or 5 feet to anther building the cornices and over- hanging eaves on the side or rear walls shall be of or covered with incombustible material When such buildings are erected in continuous rows combustible cornices on the front shall be fire-stopped with incombustible material between each building Section 107 Skylights All skylights shall have metal frames and sash and the frames and parts thereof shall be riveted or otherwise securely fastened in addition to soldering Exceot as herein provided all skylights shall be glazed with vired glass or heavy plain glass maj be used, if pro- tected above by galvanized wire screens If plain glass be used in skylights on buildings of a public character over anj nassagevay or room of public resort wire screens shall be placed beneath the skylights as well as above ho wired glass shall be placed in a skylight at the top of enclosures for elevators stairways dumbvaiters vent and light shafts or over a theater stage all such skylights shall be glazed with thin glass and shall be protected by galvanized wire screens 411 screens shall have substantial metal supoorts and shall be placed at least 6 inches above the skylights and project 6 inches beyond edges of skylights 'rnen metal louvres aie used for ventilating purposes over shafts or in connection with skylights the louvres or slats shall be riveted to the metal frame Instead of a skylight over a shaft a window or eouivalent area may be olaced in the side of the ahaft above the rock which is furthest removed from a property line The window shall have incombustible frame and sash and be glazed with thin glass Section 108 Protection of Skylight and Roof +!here walls are carried u) above the roofs of adjoining buildings proper means shall be provided and used by the oerson erecting the walls for the protection of the skylights and roofs of such adjoining buildings Shoup the ovner of such adjoining buildings refuse per- mission to have his roofs and skylights protected such refusal shall then be reported in wfit_ng to the Building Inspector and it shall then be the iuty of the ovner refusing such oermission to make his skylights and roofs safe at ais own exoense Suca refusal of said owner shall relieve the ovner or person erecting the building from any resoonsibility for damage done to persons or property on or within the pre- mises affected 60 PART XVI MILL CONSTRUCTION (See Section 13) Section 109 Foundations and Walls All foundations shall conform to the reauirements of Sections 35 and 36 Outside foundation walls shall be insulated against moisture where necessary Heavy machinery or machines causing strong vibration shall be supported on foundations independent of those of the main building Outside walls snall be of brick or concrete and shall conform as to thickness and construction to the reouireraents of Section 43 lire and party walls shall be of brick or concrete and the thickness and construction shall conform to the require- ments of Sections 43 45 46 and 47 Parapets shall project to cut-off overhang of roof if any and special parapets shall be provided where monitors or roof lanterns are near fire walls Section 110 Protection of Vall Openings ODeninFs in exterior walls shall be protected with a-)oroved fire doors or shutters or if the exposure is not tee great aptiroved wired glass windows may be used Lintels shall be of sufficient strength to carry the respective loads and ii over openings more than 4 feet wide shall be properly fire-proofed All windows and other onenings in side calls of buildings for a distance at least 10 feet each side of a fire vall shall be protected as described above Vhen buildings of different heights adjoin all vinaows of the higher section above the roof of the lower section as well as all windo%vs within 10 feet of une fire call on each section shall be protected as described above Section 111 Posts Columns and Floor Timbers Posts shalt be proncrtioned in size according to the loads thej will carry but their cross-sectional dimensions shall be not less than 8 inches 411 corners shall be rounded or chamfered In calculating the strength of pests the net cross-section shall be considered Posts shall be superim)osed throughout all stories on metal caps vith brackets or shall have ends connected by properly designed steel or iron caps pintle a-d- base plate Mood bolsters mal be used to support roof girders only Posts shall never rest directly on floor timbers nor on niesonry foundations 411 girders or floor beams shall preferably be single stick timbers but if multiple stick timbers are used they shell be prone ly belted together and contact faces shall be treated to present decaV Floor timbers shall be not less than 6 inches (nomin&l ) in either diiension In calculating the strength of Leams and columns the 61 1 J� DerrPi_ss ble stresses established in Section 86 shall be used anO the net cro.-s section of timbers and net the nominal section shall be considered 'Vhere wooden beams enter galls at opposite sides t13re shall be at least 8 inches of masonry bet een the ends or sides of these beams and in no case shall they enter the walls more than is required for sufficient support of the beams there shall alwajs be 8 inches of masonry from the outside face of the wall to the ena of vooden beams ['here girders meet at the columns thej shall be fitted around them or butted up close to them The ends of oeams shall be held in place by steel or iron straps spiked bolted or lag screwed in their sides unless the post caps have sides pro3ecting upwards which can be lag screwed +o the beams There intermediate beams are necessary for the support of a floor they shall rest on top of the girders '"here steel or iron hangers are absolutely necessary the encl of beams shall be fitted in as well as possible and any inter- stices betveen beams framed togetner shall be filled with a preservati e compound The width of floor bays decends on tine layout of the floor the leads to be cazrieO and the arrangement of the sprinklers it shall be net less than 6 feet between-the centers of the beams Section 112 Flcors The floors shall have the least possible number and amount of openings and these shall be protected in an approved manner The floors shall be not less than 3 inches (nominal ) solined or tongued and grooved plank covered with 1-inch (nominal )flooring laid crosswa�rs or diagonally Top flooring shall not extend closer than 1/2 inch to walls to allow for swelling in case the floor becomes wet This space shall be covered by a moulding so arrangea that it will not ob stsuct movements of the flooring If laminated floors are used at least two laminations at the wall shall be omitted until after glazing and roofing have been completed Two thicknesses of water-proof paper or saturated felt (but no asbestos ) with sealing compound shall be laid betveen planking and the top flooring and shall be turned up at least 3 inches around the bests and at the sidevalls a counter flashing of galvanized iron or a baseboard nailed in glace Frith the ,joint bet teen it and the floor covered with a moulding shall protect the upper ends of the waterproofing A fairly smooth surface shall be provided before any waterproofing is laid and the felt or roarer shall be laid breaking joints the joints cemented and the surface mopped with a water-proof sealing compoundq The top flooring shall be laid immediately folloving the final mopping 62 'there plank floors are lain flat the boards shall be two bays in length if possible and laid to break joidta every four feet Laminated floors consisting of planks not less than 6 inches wide set on edge close together ana spiked at about 18 inches distance shall have the joints broken in such a manner that no continuous line will occur across the floor and shall not be spiked to the supporting girders in order to avoid a movement in\the girders at the valls due to expansion which may be caused by dampness,9 Toints to be only at the supports and the quarter points with no more than tvo-thirds at the latter Joints between the planks of a laminated floor shall be perfectlj tight Pipes or conduits exteraing through floor sh-11 be provided vith tight-fitting metal thimbles having close- fitting metal caps at top and bottom Tne thimbles shall be made watertight to a height of 3 inches above floor Cellar floor should be of cement or tai concrete laid on a suitable founlation of cinde_s or broken stone Cement concrete shall be properly water or damp proofed as the conditions may renuired Section 113 Roofs Skvlights qnd Cornices Roofs shall be of plank and timber construction and either flat or of saw-tooth form The pitch of the fiat` roots shall be sufficient for proper drainage Timber shall be not less than 6 inches ( nomigA l ) in either dimension and preferablv shall be single sticl and with the ridges bevelled Plank shall be not less than 2-1/2 inches thick ( nominal) solined or tongued and grooved Both roof timbers and planks shall be self-releasing at their support on the walls Sav-tooth form of roof and other trusses having iron tension members and other metal connection details shall be permittel only in sprinklered buildings Roofing shall be of metal tile astestos coal tar pitch or asphalt and felt covered with slag or gravel or aonroved composition Skylights shall be built according to the renuiremPnts of this Coae Cornices or overhanging gutters of roofs shall be of incombustible material and properly anchored to the masonry walls Section 114 Partitions In buildings not more than three stories high and in all sprinklered builain�-s partitions may be constructed of 2 inch matched blanl or doi ble matched board with Joints broken 63 All buildings over three stories high snd unsprinklerea shall have incombustible partitions 64 4. { 0 1 PART XVII "EIAFOPCED OMORETE Section 115 Definition The term "reinforced concrete" in this Code shall mean an apDioved concrete mixture in which steel is embedded in such a manner as to resist the tensile stresses and to add rigidity and strength to concrete in compression Section 116 Approv%ed fol all Types of Buildings peinforced concrete will be ap Droved for all types of building construction provided the design conforms with good engineering practice and the working stresses do not exceed those hereinspecified The construction shall meet the requirements of this Code in all respects and in addi- tion shall conform ' o such other rules as may be issued by the Building Inspector or State authorities having juris- diction Section 117 Construction Plans and Specifications If required by the Building Inspector plans and specifications to be filed shall be accompaned by stress computations and desc iptions showing the general arrange- megt of the entire construction in all important details including the size length and points of bending of all reinforcement the nuali+ies proportions and methods of mixing the material used in the concrete and the dead and live loads each floor is designed to carry All such plans anc specifications shall be signed by the architect engineer contractor or person applying for the Dermit In no case shall the construction deviate from the aporoved plans and specifications e.Lcept by written con- sent of the Building Inspector Section 118 ^Zuality of Concrete The concrete shall consist of a mixtu e of plastic or viscous consistency of one part of cement to not more than six oarts of aggregate fine and coarse either in the proportion of one part of cement two parts of sand and four parts of stone or gravel or in slich proportion as to pro- duce a maximum den-ity Such concrete shall develop a crush- ing strength of at least 2000 lbs per square inch at 28 days when made under laboratory conditions of manufacture the materials and consistency being practically the same as that used in the field Test specim-ns shall be removed from moulds as soon as well set and stored in dam-) sand until tested Concrete in the proportion of one part of cement to four and one-half parts of aggregate which may be desirable for s )ecial work such as columns shall develop a crushing strength of not less than 2500 pounds per square inch at 28 days and the working stress of such concrete may be increaseA 20 Der cent over that permitted elsewhere in this Part Each test shall consist of a set of at least three duplicate specimens in the shape of cylinders with a height of double the diameter or cubes having a least difiension of 6 inches Cubes sh311 be tested standing on bed and 75 per cent of tnP resulting test strength shall be assumed as the 65 strength of the standard cylinder specimen 8 inches in diameter and 16 inches high The average of the three tests shall be taken as the result for record The smallest dimension of the test niece should be at least four times the size of the coarsest »article of stone In addition to these preliminary tests which are necessary for the purpose of design the Building Inspector may reouire additicnal tests to be made upon specimens cast during construction of the building The test specimens shall be secured at such times and in such portions of the structure as the Building Inspector may direct This test concrete may be taken from tae barrows as the concrete is being wheeled to place or from the forms after it is depositied Section 119 Duality of Cement All cement used in reinforced concrete shall be Portland cement meeting the requirements of Section 76 Section 120 %ality of Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate shall consist of sand crushed stone or gravel screenings passing vhen dry a screen having 1/4 inch diameter holes and not more than 6 per cent passing a sieve having 100 meshes per lineal inch It shall be clean and free from quicksand vegetable loam perishable organic matter or other deleterious materials Fine aggregate shall always be tested It shall be of such auality that mortar composed of ore part Portland cement and tnree parts fine aggregate by weight when made into briquettes shall show a tensile strength at least equal to the strength of 1 3 mortar of the same consistencv made with the same cememt and standard Ottaxa sand and shall show a tensile strength of at least 180 lbs per sauare inch at the age of 7 days If the aggregate be of poorer quality the proportion of cement should be increased to secure the desired strength Section 121 ^uality of Coarse Aggregate Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone or gravel which is retained on a screen having 1/4 inch diameter holes ana shall be graded in size from small to large parti- cles The maximum size shall be such tnat all the aggregate frill pass through a 1-1/4 inch diameter ring The particles shall be clean hard durable and free from all deleterious material Gtavel shall be free from clay or loam except such as naturally adheres to the particles If clay or loam is in such quantities that it cannot be readily removed by dipping in water or brushing lightly vith the hand the gravel shall be washed nit run gravel may be used it composed of sand and gravel in the proportions stat,-d it Section 118 and if both sand and gravel fulfil the requirements of Sections 120 and 121 Section 122 Quality of reinforcement All steel used in reinforced concrete shall Yneet the re- quirements o- the current Standard Specifications for Billet- Steel Concrete 'Reinforcement Bars of the American Society of Testing materials No reinforcement produced from rerolled 66 rails or second-hanilmaterials shall be used in any structure without the written uermission of the Building Inspector If such reinforcement be permitted it shall meet the reauirements of the current Standard Specifications for Rail Steel Concrete Peinforcement Bars of the American Society for Testing &2aterials Section 123. Allowable Unit Working Stresses BEARING Then compression is applied to a surface of concrete of at least twice the loaded area a stress of 35 per cent of the compressive strength may be allowed in the area directly under load AXIAL COAPRESSIM For concentric compression on a -olainconcrete pier the length oT vhich does not exceed four dia eters or on a column reinforced with longitudinal bars only, the length of which does not exceed 15 diameters 22 5 per cent of the compressive strength may be allowed For other forms of columns see Sections 138 to 144 inclusive COMPuESSION IN PXT-:?EISE FIBRE, The extreme fibre stress of a beam may be 32 50 of the compressive strength Adjacent to the suoport in continuous beams 37 510 may be used 9HEAP AND DIAGONAL TLJSION In calculations on beams in vhich the maximum unit shearing stress in a sedtion is used as the means of measuring the resistance to diagonal tension stress the folloving values for the maximum vertical shear- ing stress in the ccnerete maV be used For beans vita horizontal bars onlj and without xeb reinforcement 2% o� the compressive strength For beams vi+h veb reinforcement spaced not more tnan one-half the effective depth of the beam in the case of vertical stirrups and not mere tnan three nuarters of the effective depth of the beam in the case of inclined members not to exceed 60 of the compressive strength PUNCHING SHE4R A unit stress of 6o of the compressive strengta is permitted provided the diagonal tension require- -nents are met BOND The bend stress betveen the concrete and reinforcing steel mall be as follows Plain Bars-----40 of compressive strength Defo,oned Bars--50 of compressive strength Drawn Vire---- 2 0 of co^ipresQive strength TENSILE STROM Ii! RLITdFORCE PINT Not to exceed 16000 Dounls per snuare inch i40DULUS OP ELASTICITf OF COIX-ETE One-fifteenth that of the steel vhen compressive strength of concrete is taken as greater +han 800 pounds oer square inch and less than 2200 pounds Der square inch 67 One-tvelfth that of the steel when the compressive strength 6f concrete is taken as greater than 2200pounds and less tnan 2,900 pounds L)er souare inch For calculating deflection one-eignth that of the steel Section 124 Geneial Assumptions for Design As a basis for calculating the strength of beams and slabs the following assumptions shall be made (a) A plane section before bending remains plane after bending (b ) The modulus of elasticity of concrete in compression is constant within the allowed limits of working stresses (c ) In calculating the moment of resistence of beams and slabs the tensile stresses in the concrete are neglected (A ) The adhesion between the concrete and steel is perfect Under compressive stress the two materials are therefore stressed in proportion to their moduli of elastici- t 'T (e ) Initial stress in reinforcement due to contraction and expansion of concrete is neglected (f) The ratio of modulus of elasticity of steel to that cf concrete is taken at ne values given in Section 123 Tne scan length for beams and slabs simply supported should be taken as the distance from center to center of dupports but need not Le taken to e.&ceed the clear span plus the depth of beam or slab Fcr continuous or restrained beams built monolithically into suoports 'ne span length may be taken as the clear distance between supports Brachets should not be considered as reducing the clear span in the sense here intended except that waen br ckets ihich make An angle of 45 degrees or more with the axis of a restrained beam are built monolithically lath the beam the span may be measured from the section when the combined death of beam aid brac' et is at least one third more than the depth of the beam i4a�:lmum negative moments are to be considered as existing at the end of tre scan as here defined Tne span length for beams or slabs continuous or -ully restrained at one end and simply supported at the otner end may be taken as the distance from face of support at continuous end to the center of the simple support but need not e� ceed the clear span plus one-half the depth of beyam or slab The length of columns shall be taken as the unsupnerted length The span length used in figaring shear maj be the clear distance between supports Section 125 Bendinp IIoments for slabs sun-oorted on tiro sides ( For equal spans ) Are the same as for beams given in Section 129 68 Section 126 Bending Moments for Slabs supported on four sides The bending monents for uniformly loaded slabs supported on four sides and reinforced in both directions shall be taken as 1/8 P L at center spans 1/10 PL at center and continuous support when continuous over one support 1/12 PL at both center and supports when continuous over two or more supports In the formulae in this Section the moment values given are for one direction only and "P" designates the proportion of the total-lead on the slab vhich is to be used in the direction under consideration (See Section 127 ) Section 127 Distrioution of Loads for Slabs Supported on Four Sides The distribution of uniform loads on souare and rectangu- lar slabs reinforced in tso directions at rignt angles to each other shall be determined by the following formitla r= b - 05 Where 1= length of slab b= breadth of slab and r is the proportion of the total lead on the slab to be carried by the transverse reinforcement The balance or the load on the slab will be carried by the longitudianl reinforcement # If the length of slab is more than 1 5 times its breadth the entire load shall be carried by the transverse reinforce- ment Section 128 Definition of a Beam The term 'beam" as used in Part %VII shall be understood to include the term girder unless specific distinction be made Section 129 Bending iloments--Beams vita Simple or Continuous Supports-- Enual Spans The cending morients of uniformly loaded beams snall be taken as 1/8 NL at cent>r when simply supported 1/10 WL at center and over continuous support when simply supported at one end and continuous at the other 1/12 1VL at both center and supports when continuous over more than two supports 'There 'N= Total aistributed dead and live loads on a span L= S,,)an Length ( See Section 124 ) The bending mementb of continuous slabs beams or girders of tkvo spans vita simple end supports shall be taken as 1/8 17L over the central -upport find 1/10 TL neai the midlle of spans 69 Section 130 Beams Supporting 'Rectangular Slabs Beams supporting rectangular slabs reinforced in two directions snall be assumed to take the proportions of load as determined in Section 127 Section 131 General Design Requirements for Beams and Slabs Tne bending moments for continuous slabs or beams of uneaual length or for slabs or beams carrying loads other than uniformly distributed leads shall be computed according to accepted theory Section 132 Continuous or Restrained Construction In continuous slabs beams or girders full provision shall be made for the negative moments at supports by placing sufficient reinforcement at the top of members to resist the tensile stress This reinforcement shall pass beyond points of inflection and be anchored in the compressive concrete a sufficient distance to develop the stress in the steel tniu bond 17here uniformly loaded beams girders or slabs are partially restrained at end supported by embedCiiment in masonry walls or in o+her manner they shall re reinforced at these supports for a negative moment of not less than 1/16 ,VL ?here full restraint (monolithic construction) exists moments snall be computed to conform with accepted theory and reinforcement be provided accordingly Vhen beams are reinforced on the compression side the steel may be assumed to carry its proportion or stress in accordance with the ratio of moduli of elasticity as given in Section 123 Reinforcing bars for compression in beams should be straight and should be two diameters in the clear from the surface of the concrete For positive bending mnmeht such reinforcement should not exceed one per cent Of the area of the concrete Such steel should be extended se that stress is developed in bond Section 133 Web 'Peinforcement in Beams Members of web reinforcement in beams s',iall be designed to resist diagonal tension stresses using the vertical shearing stress as a measure of diagonal tension stresses Veb members shall be spaced as directed in Section 123 It shall be assumed that the concrete vill resist a propert_on of the vertical shear equal to 2% of the compressive strength the remaining shear to be provided for by the web reinforcement Wpb members vaen not rigidly attached to the longitudinal bars at both too and bottom sh-ll be carried around and bent over the longitudinal memoers or other,vise sufficiently anchored or embedded in the compression concrete to develop the tensile stresses developed in thep Diagonal tension members shill be rigidly attached to the longitudinal bars on the tension side Section 134 T Beams When adeouate bond is provided at the junction betveen slab and beam and the two are cast at the same time as a unit the slab ma7 be considered as an integral part of the beam provided its effective width shall net exceed one-fourth of the span length of the beam and shall not be greater than 70 { 4 six times the thickness of the slab on each side of the b earn In beams with "T" sections the width of the stem only shall be used in calculating the shearing stresses TVhen the principal slab reinforcement is parallel to the beam transverse reinforcement shall be used extending o-,er the beam and vell into the slab In the design of continuous T beams if the area is not sufficient to properly resist comroression on the under side at the supports additional area mu-t be provided either by the use of properly designed brackets or by increasing the stem section or by the use of compressive steel so em- bedded that the compressive stress in the concretashall at no Doint exceed 37 5% of the compressive strength of the concrete Tne stress in the steel shall be fully develo-ied by bond Section 135 Thickness of Slabs The minimum thickness of concrete floor slabs shall be 3" and for roof slabs 2-1/2" except when laid on ,joists not more than 24" apart in wnich case slabs shall be not less taan 1-3/ - inches thick Section 136 Floor Finish Cement or concrete floor finish shall net be considered in calculating the strength of floor members unless it be laid at the same time such members are cast Section 137 Composite Floors The design of composite floors consisting of revs of hard-burned terra Gotta tile concrete blocks sheet steel or otner an»roved fire-resistive material separated by ribs or beams of reinforced concrete shall conform to all the ororisions of this Part in so far as they are applicable The ribs shall be at least 4 inches vide The tile or blocks shall be regard8d only as fillers and shall not be consider- ed in the design except as dead lead provided however that when hard burnt clay tile or cemert blocks are used the effective width of concrete joists used in shear calculations may be increased 3/4 inchej If concrete joists are designed as T beams the slab portion above fillers shall oe at least 2-1/2 inches thick anA shall consist of the same mixture as used for the ribs and shall be cast at the same time Tile or concrete block fillers shall be thorou�aly vet before concrete is poured The protection fox ste-1 bars in the bottom of ribs shall be same as for slabs (See Section 148 ) To resist ex-riansior stresses reinforcement bars not less than 1/4 inch in diameter shall le placed in the concrete at righ+ angles to the ribs and above the illlers at intervals net exceeding 18 inches for floors or 12 inches for ioofs 71 k { i r Section 138 Length and Size bf Columns The length of Coluim,s shall be ta'cen as the maximum unsupported length This length shall not exceed fifteen times the least side or diariet-r and in no cage shall the least side or diameter be less than 12 inches extent by permission of +he Building Inspector Section 139 Columns with Late.Lal Ties The effective area shall be the area or core incluc'eA within the lateral ties For columns rith cross-sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement of not less than one percent or more than four per cent of the effective area and vith lateral ties net less than 1/4 inch in diameter spaced net more than 16 diameteis of the longitudinal bar or 12 inches apart �- unit stress in the concrete of not more than 22 570 of the compressive strenpth may be used The pronor+ion or load carried by the steel shall not exceed fifteen tires that in the concrete for a 1 6 mix or twel e times that of the con- crete for a 1 4z miY At least 4 vertical bars shall be used in every reinforceA column and no bars shaller than 1j? inch shall be used Gect3on 140 Columns with Spirals or Ciiculer Hoops For columns reinforced with not less +han one percent or more than four percent of the area enclosed w.Lthin the spiral or hoops aid with circular hoops or spirals of net less than 1 per cent of the volumne of enclosed concrete core a unit stress in concrete of net more than 350 of the comoressiv, strength may be used provided the ratio of unsupported lenpth of column to diameter of core is not more than 10 The compressive stress in the steel shall net exceed fifteen times that in the concrete for a 1 6 mix or twelve times that of the concrete for a 1 4 mix The cleat opening of spirals or hoops shall not be greater than one-sixth of the core diameter and in no case more than 2-1/2 inches The ends of hoopin€ when spliced srHll be united in such a way as to develop its full strength Adeouate means must be orovided to held hooping in place so as to form a column the core of which shall be straight and well centered and with uniform spacing of hooping Section 141 Composite Columns--Steel Cores For steel columns fillea with concrete and encased in a shall of concrete at least three inches thick %vhere the structural steel is designed to take all the lead the allowable stress shall be determined bar the following formula Allowable stress per square inch- 18000 - 70 1 but shall not exceed 16000 pounds *hen 1 is the unsupported length in inches and r is the least radius of gyration of the steel section The concrete shell shall be reinforced with wire mesh or hoop weighirg at least 0 2 pounds Der sruare foot of surface of shell 72 When the details of the structural steel are such as to fully enclose or encase the concrete er inere a splice of not less than 1/2 of one percent of the core and with a pitch of not more than 3 inches is provided for this puroose, the ccncfete inside the column core or spiral may be loaded to not more than 25 rer cent of its compressive strength in addition to the load as figured above Section 142 Composite Columns--Cast Iron Cores Composite columns having a cast iron core or center surrounded by concrete vhich is enclosed in a spiral of net less than 1/2 of one per cent of the core and with a pitch of not more than 3 inches may be figured at a stress of 12000--601 but not over 10000 pounds per square inch on the cast iron section and not more than 25 per cent of the compressive strength on the concrete within the soiral The diameter of the cast iron core shall not exceed one half the diameter ei the spiral Section 143 Bending in Columns Bending stresses due to eccentric loads unbalanced movements from beams or lateral forces must be provided for by inereasinp the strength of column until the maximum total stress does not exceed that allowed Wu ere tension is possible in the longitudinal bars adenuate connection between the ends of bars must be provided to resist this tension Section 144 Base Plates SuitaLle steel or cast iron base plates shall be pro- vided at the bottom of columns to distribute the loads over the footings and the vertical reinforcing bars shall bear snuarely on these plates or the reinforcing bars shall be carried down into an enlarged pier or footing to transfer the load due to stress in the steel to the footing thru bond stress Section 145 'Valk Exterior and interior bearing walls of reinforced concrete shall be securely anchored to all intersecting walls columns and floors ana the thickness shall be not less than two-thirds of that specified for brick walls and in no case less than 8 inches Such walls shall be reinforced with both horizontal and vertical steel The amount of reinforcement shall be not less than 1/5 of one percent of the cross section of the wall Reinforcement shall not be spaced more than 18 inches apart ana shall be wired at intersections Addition9l reinforcement shall be placed around wall openings and at places where concentrated loads produce excessive stress Then reinforcer, concrete walls are made in two parts with an air space between the effective thickness may be in some cases less than herein specifies Section 146 General Provisions for Design of Girderless Floor or Flat Slabs ( The following method of desi@n is reproduced from the recommendations of the American Concrete Institite dated April 17 1920) 73 Continuous flat slab floors reinforced with steel rods or mesh and supported on spaced columns in orderly arrangement shall conform to the following requirements (a) Notation and Nomenclature w- total dead and live load in pounds per square foot of floor Ll= span in feet center to center of columns parallel to sections on which moments are considered L2= span in feet center to center of columns perpendicular to sections on which moments are considered c= average diameter of a column capital in feet at plane where its vertical thickness is 1-1/2 inches q= distance from center line of capital to the center of gravity of periphery of the half capital divided by 1/2 c For round capitals a may be considered as two-thirds and for square capitals as three-quarters t= total slab thickness in inches L= Average span in feet center to center of columns but not less than 0 9 of the greater span i The Column Head Section is defined as the portion of the slab bounded by lines drawn parallel to column center lines and at a distance from column center lines equal to one-quarter of the respective spans The Mid-Section is defined as that portion of slab lying between tso column head sections the width of which is the dimension and columnhhead section measured in the direction of L2 The outer section is defined as that portion of slab lying between two columns head Sections the width of which is the dimension of column head section measured in the direction of Ll The inner Section is defined as the area of a panel not included in the Column Head Sections Aid-Sections or Outer Sections Moments are to be considered as directions of both lines of column centers The Column capital is that portion of the column produced by the gradual flooring out of the top of the column without any marked offset Its profile shall not fall at any point inside an inverted core drawn from the periphery of the designed capital of diameter C and with a base angle of 45 degrees The diameter of the designed Capital C shall be taken where the vertical thickness of the column capital is at least 1-1/2 inches Can construction is defined as that type having no drop The column cap is a portion of the column built directly on top of the capital Rhere caps are used the dimension C for the capital shall be its average diameter measured 1-1/2 inches below the under side of the cap plus twice the thick- ness of cap This dimension C shall also be the minimum size of cap 0 74 � � r The Drop Panel shall be dIEvfzned as a square or rectangular depression around the Column Capital extending below the slab adjacent to it The Drop where used shall be not less than 0 3L in width Paneled Ceilings are portions of the slab area outside of tae area covered by the columm capital in flhich the total thickness has been diminished by recessing the under Side of the slab 'Vhen paneled ceilings are used the paneling shall not exceed one-third of the slab thickness in depth and the dimensions of oanel shall not exceed 0 6 of the span lengths or exceed the clear dimensions between drops Then drops are used (b ) Structural Variations Flat slab floors may be built with or without caps drops or paneled ceilings (c ) The slab thickness shall be net less than t= 0 02 L Y_w } 1 inch In no case snall the slab thickness be less than 1/32 L for floor slabs or less than 1/40 L for roof slabs (d) Design Methods The numerical sum of the positive and negati a moments in foot pounds shall not be less than 0 09 w1j, ( L 2- qc ) Of this total amount not less than 40 per cent shall be resisted in the column head sections there a drop is used not less tha-, 50 per cent shall be resisted in 'he column head sections Of the total amount net less than 10 per cent shall be resisted in +he mid section Of the total amount not less than 18 per cent shall be resisted in the outer section Of the total amount oot less +han 12 per cent shall be resisted on the inner section`' The balance of the moment shall be distributea between the various sections as reouired by the phJsical details and dimensions of the particular design employed (e ) Exterior Panels The negative moments at the first interior rox or columns and the positive moments at the center of the exterior panel on sections parallel to the wall shall be increased 20 per cent offer those specified above for interior panels If girders are net provided long the column line the rein- forcement parallel to the wall for negative moment in the column head sections and for positive moment in the outer section adjacent to the wall shall be altered in a6cordance with the change in the value of c The negative moment on sections at the vall anO parallel thereto should be deter- mined by the conditions of restraint but must neier be taken less than 80 per cent of hose for the interior panels 75 (f) Reinforcement In the calculation of moments all the reinforcing bars which cross the section under consideration and which fulfill the requirements given under "Arrangement of Reinforcement" may be used For a column head section reinforcing bars parallel to the straight Dortion of the section do not contribute to the negative resisting moment for the column head section in question The sectional area of bars crossing the section at an angle multiplied by the sine of the angle between these bars and the straight portion of the section under consideration may be taken to act as reinforcement in a rectangular direction Calculations for shearing stress shall be made in accordance with this Code (g) Po nt of Inflection For the purpose of making calculations of moment at sections away from the sections of negative moment and positive moment already specified the point of inflection shall be taken at a distance from center line of columns eoual to 1/5 (Z2 - qc ) 1/2 qo This becomes 1/5 ( L2 � e ) where capital is oiroular or slabs having drop panels the-,'coefficient of 1/4 should be used instead of 1/5 (h) Arrangement of Reinforcement The design should include adequate provision for securing the reinforcement in place so as to take not only the maximum moments but the moments of intermediate sections If bars are extended beyond the column capital and are used to take the bending moment on the opposite side of the column, they must extent to the point of inflection Bars in diagonal bands used as reinforcement for negative moment should extend on each side of the line drawn through the column center at right angles to the direction of the band a distance equal to 0 35 of the panel length and bars in the diagonal bands used as reinforcement for positive moment should extend on each side of the diagonal through the center of the panel a distance equal to 0 35 bf the panel length Bars spliced by lapping and counted as only one bar in tension shall be lapped not less than 80 diameters if splice is made at point of maximum stress and not more than 50 per cent of the rods shall be so spliced at any point in any single band or in any single region of tensile stress Continuous bars shall not all be bent up at the same point of their length but the zone in which this bending occurs should- extend on each side of the assumed point of inflection (i) Tensile an-1 Compressive Stresses The usual method of calculating the tensile and compressive stresses in the concrete and in the reinforcement based on the assumptions for internal stresses should be followed In the case of the drop panel the section of the slab and drop panel may be considered to act integrally for a width eoual to a width of the column head section Within the column head section the allowable compression may be increased as prescribed in this Code 'or continous members 76 ( 3) Prevision for Diagonal Tension and Shear In calculations for the shearing stress which is to be used as means for measuring the resistance to diagonal tension stress it shall be assumed that the total vertical shear on a column head section on constituting a width equal to one-half the lateral dimension of the panel for use in determining critical shearing stresses, shall be considered to be one-fourth of the total dead and live loads on a panel for a slab of uniform thickness and to be 0 3 of the sum of the dead and live loads on a panel for a slab with drop panels The formula for shearing unit stress shall be v■ Obj�W for slabs of uniform thickness and v_ 0 3OW for slabs with drop panels where W is the sum of the dead and live load on a panel b is nalf the lateral dimension of the panel measured from center to center of columns and jd is the lever arm of the resisting couple at the section The calculation for punching shear shall be made on the assumption of an uniform distribution cier the section of the slab around the periphery of the column capital and also of an uniform distribution over the Erect-Lon of the slab around the periphery of the drop panel using in each case an amount of vertical shear greater by 25 per cent tnan the total vertical shear on the section under donsideration The values of working stresses should be those recommended for diagonal tension and shear in this Code (k) Walls and Openings Additional slab thickness girders or beams shall be pro- vided to carry walls and other concentrated loads which are in excess of the working capacity of the slab Beams should also be provided in case openings in the floor reduce the vorking strength of the slab below the required carrying capacity Where lintels are used with flat-slab construction the depth of the lintels being greater than the combined deptn of the slab and depressed panel they shall be designed to carry a uniformly distributed load eaual to 1/8 of the total panel load in addition to any other loads superimposed upon the lintel and the dead veight of the lintel (1) Unusual Panels The coefficients steel distribution and thicknesses recommended are for slabs vhich have three or more rows of panels in each direction and in Nhich the sizes of the panels are approximately the same For structures having a width of one or two panels and also for slabs having panels of markedly different sizes an analysis should be made of the moments developed in both slab and columns and the values given herein modified accordingly Section 147 Columns for Girderless Floors For column supporting girderless floors or roofs the diameter shall not be less than 1/13 of the distance between columns 77 + 4 � Bending Moments in Columns Provision shall be made in both wall colum^s and interior columns for the bending moment which will be developed by unequally loaded panels eccentric loading or uneven spacing of columns The amount of moment to be taken by a column will depend on the relative stiffness of columns and slab and computations may be made by ra- tional methods such as the principle of least work or of slope and deflection Generally the largest Dart of the unenualized negative moment will be transmitted to the columns and the columns shall be designed to resist this bending moment Especial attention shall be given to wall columns and corner columns Column capitals shall be designed end reinforced where necessary vitn these conditions In mind The resistance of any wall column to bending in a direction Perpendicular to the wall shall be not less than 0 04 wL1 ( L2 - qo ) 2 in which L2 is the Panel dimension perpendicu- lar to the wall The moment in such wall columns may be reduced by the balancing moment of the weight of the structure ,vh-loh projects beyond the center line of the supporting wall column 1"here the column extends through the story above the re- st8ting moment shall be divided between the upper and the lower columns in proportion to their stiffness Calculated combined stresses due to bending and direct load shall not exceed by more than 50 per cent the stresses allowed for direct load Section 148 Reauirements for Reinforcement External and Internal Defects All reinforcement shall be free from excessive rust scale grease paint or any coating which would tend to reduce or destroy the bond between tl)e steel and the concrete Bars shall also be free from incurious seams slivers flaws and other mtll defects The weight of any lot of bars shall not vary more than 5 per cent from the standard weight of the lot as given by manufacturers' handbooks Placing and Spacing of Reinforcement All reinforcement shall be accurately located and mechanically secured against displacement during the placing of the concrete Reinforcement bars for slabs shall not be spaced farther apart tnan two and one-half times the thickness of the slab The spacing of parallel bars in beams shall be not less than three diameters from center to center# nor less than one inch The clear soacinp between two layers of bars shall be not less tnan one inch In restrained or cantilever construction reinforcement shall extend beyond the supports into adjacent construction for full and effective anchorage except that when this is not practicable, anchorage shall be obtained by other means acceptable to the Building Inspector Special reinforcement shall be provided to resist concentrated loads Slabs reinforced in one direction only shall have shrinkage rods not less than 1/4 inch in diameter placed above the reinforcement and spaced not over 18 inches apart All reinforcement shall be assembled well in advance of the placing of the concrete and shall be inspected and approved by the Building Inspector before concrete is deposited 78 � s Protection for Reinforcement Steel reinforcement shall have a minimum protection of concrete on all sides as follows} In columns and girders 2 inches in beams and walls, 1-1/2 inches and in plain and ribbed floor slabs 3/4 inches The steel in footings for walls and columns shall have a minimum protection of 3 inches of concrete Splices in Reinforcement Splices in reinforcing bars shall be designed to transfer the calculated stress at the joint either by bond and shear through the concrete or by bearing between the steel Splices at points of maximum stress shall be avoided where possible Lap splices of bars shall be of sufficient length to develop the required stress in the joint without exceeding the bond stress permitted In columns where necessary to splice vertical bars having areas in excess of 1-1/4 square inches it shall be done by cutting the bars squarely st the ends and enclosing them in a close fitting pipe sleeve or uniting them by a threaded splice or other mechanical connection that will transfer the load without stressing the concrete excessively The middle point of such splices shall be within one foot above the floor level Splices in column hooping where necessary shall be sufficient to develop the full strength of the hooping Section 149 Workmanship for Concrete Fixing The separate ingredients shall be accurately measured and thoroughly mixed in a manner to produce a homogeneous mass of uniform color and of such a viscous consistency that it will flow to all parts of the forms without separation of the coarse aggregate from the mortar Except when limited quantities are required or when the conditions of the work make hand mixing preferable) mixing shall be done in a mechanical batch mixer from which a com- plete batch shall be discharged before another is received All ingredients shall be mixed together for at least one minute the mixer making at least 20 revolutions The speed of the mixer shall not exceed 20 revolutions per minute In all cases the mixing shall be continues until the consistency is constant Depositing Concrete shall be deposited throughly tamped and worked to place before initial set begins and shall then be kept free from shoczs and disturbances of every kind until it has fully hardened Retempering of concrete after its initial set is prohibited When the work of placing concrete is suspended all necessary grooves for joining future work shall be made before the concrete sets Before depositing ne-v concrete upon concrete already set, the contact surfaces shall be roughened cleaned of all laitance and loose material and then drenched with water and slushed with grout consisting of one part Portland cement and not more than two parts fine aggregate immediately before placing the fresh concrete If a water-tight joint is desired or if granolithic is to be deposited on old concrete it is necessary that a neat cement grout is used 79 Drying and Freezing When fresh concrete is exposed to rapid drying conditions precautions shall be taken to keep it moist for a period of at least seven days after being deposited '9here practical this shall be done by a covering of wet sand burlap or some other equally effective method Thorough wetting twice a day is recommended In freezing weather all materials used in making concrete particularly coarse aggregate shall be heated and precautions shall be taken to prevent the concrete freezing while being deposited, and thereafter it shall be kept above 40 degrees until the concrete has obtained its final set but such period shall be not less than 72 hours Joints Construction Joints shall be avoided wherever practicable but when they are necessary they s'iall be located at such sections as will least affect the structural strength and shall be male at right angles to the direction of princi- pal compressive stress In members of floor systems Joints shall be made within the middle third of the span where Practicable In columns Joints shall only be permitted at the bottom face of the lowest connecting floor members Temperature changes and shrinkage during setting necessitate joints in inaependent walls at intervals of 50 to 80 feet when not otherNise provided for by effective reinforcement Girders beams and slabs shall not be cast upon freshly formed columns until a period of 4 to 6 hourq have elapsed to permit settlement Construction of Forms Porms shall be substantial and unyielding ana care shall be exercised to make them as nearly water-tight as practicable Care shall be taken to insure that all debris is removed from forms and that they are thoroughly greased or wetted before concrete is deposited on them Beam forms shall be so designed that at least one side may be removed without disturb- ing the bottom portion of the form ana its supports and column forms so that they may be removed without disturbing the bottom portion of the form and its supports and column forms so that they may be removed without disturbing beam and slab forms Cleanout holes shall be provided in the bottom of colhmn forms where necessary to insure the removal of wood chips or other debris Removal of Forms The time for the removal of forms shall Always be subject to approval of the Building Inspector All reinforced concrete shall be carefully inspected to insure its soundness and reliability before main supports are removed No loads shall be placed upon a reinforced concrete floor before the removal of the form supports which would in any wav tend to overstress such supports or those below Special care shall be observed in removing forms when the concreting has been done in cold ,weather Concrete which has frozen accidentally before setting shall be thawed and kept thawed until it is determined whether the cement will set In this case sufficient water shall be provided for the cement to hydrate during this action 80 e � Section 150 Inspection Every reinforced concrete building shall be erected under the constant supervision of a reputable and competent inspector furnished by the owner or architect and acceptable to the Building Inspector It shall be the duty of the inspector to keep a daily record of the work done to observe vhether the materials employed and the methods of construction are in all respects in accord with the specifi- cations filed pith the Building Inspector and the require- ments of this Code and to male record of all variations therefrom A copy of these daily reports shall be filed with the Building Inspector who is empowered to stop any improper construction until its faults are corrected or to cause the removal of any defective work vhich he may consider dangerous 81 PORT %VIII HEATIIJG Section 151 Pover Heating and Lighting Installations A boiler if placed in the basement of a building shall be loacted in an enclosed apartment having brick or concrete walls and fire-resistive floor and ceiling Openings from boiler room to main buildings shall be fully protected by approved automatic fire doors if placed in an exterior building such building should either be detached at least 25 feet or have exposed or adjoining walls treated as fire walls Floor or boiler roo4i shall be of fire-resistive • material Uptakes from high pressure boilers shall be not less than 3 feet from all timbers or other woodwork Section 152 Chimney and Flues All chimneys hereafter erected shall be of brick or stone laid in Portland cement mortar with not more than 15 per cent hydrated lime reinforced concrete or other aDDroved incombust- ible material exteniing at least 3 feet above the point of contact with a flat roof or 2 feet above the ridge of a pitch roof and shall be properly capped with terra cotta stone cast iron or other approved incombustible weather proof material The brickwork or reinforced concrete of the smoke flues of all boilers furnaces baker' s ovens large cooking ranges, large laundry stoves and all flues used for a similar purpose shall be At least 8 inches in thickness Walls of smoke flues used exclusively for ordinary stoves or open fireplaces shall be not less than 4 inches thick Brick set on edge shall not be permitted in chimnej construction Where tvo or more smoke flues are contained in the same chimney the walls betveen the several flues shall be not less than 4 inches thick The walls of stone smoke flues shall be 4 inches thicker than required for brick or reinforced concrete Every smoke flue contained in a chimney hereafter erected shall have an area of at least 64 sauare inches and unless required to be lined with fire brick shall be lined with hars burned terra cotta or fire clay flue lining made smooth on the inside The flue lining shall start from the bottom of the flue or from the throat of the fireplace if the flue starts from a fireplace and shall be carried un continuously the entire height of the flue If the thickness of the masonry surrounding tha throat be less than 8 inches in any part the lining shall start at bottom of the lintel The ends of the sections of all such lining tile shall be laid in cement mortar and the the shall be built in as the flues are carrieA UP Chimnejs in small residences only are exempted from the above reauirements Such chimneys may be built of 4 inch walls up to and including 96 sauare inches and lined with the prooerly flushed and grouted 82 f + 1 In every building where one or more smoke flues start from the cellar or lowest story at least one such smoke flue shall have an internal cross-sectional area of at least 96 snuare inches and shall start at least 3 feet below the ceiling In no case shall a chimney be corbeled more than 8 inches from the wall and such corbeling shall consist of at least five courses of brick Piers which support chimneys shall start from the foundation on the same line with the chimney breast They shall be not less than 12 inches on the end and shall be properly bonded into the walls No chimnev shall rest upon nor be carried by woodwork No combustible furring or sheathing shall be placed against any smoke flue or chimney breast The Nalls of flues used only for gas burning appliances shall be of brick or concrete at least 4 inches thick and lined Where two or more such flues are contained in the same chimney the walls between the several flues shall be not less than two thicknesses of the tile lining with Joints broken except that at least every third partition shall be not less than 4 inches thick of brick or its eauivalent ani bonded into the walls The smoke flue of every high pressure steam boiler and every appliance producing a corresponding temperature in the smoke flue shall if built of brick stone reinforced concrete or other approved masonry be lined on all sides with not less than 4 inches of fire brick laid in fire mortar for a distance of at least 25 feet from the point where the smoke connection of the boiler enters the flue Interior vertical smoke stacks or flues for steam boilers or other furnaces and similar heating devices producing a corresponding temperature may be of metal not less than No 10 U S Gauge properly riveted jointed and braced at intervals of at least 20 feet Such stacks shall either be enclosed by approved masonry walls not less than 8 inches thick with an air space of at least 4 inches between liring and wall or if such stacks or flues are not enclosed with masonry they shall have a clearance from all combustible material of not less than 24 inches unless the combustible material be properly guarded by loose fitting metal shields in which case the dis- tance shall be not less than 12 inches Where such a stack passed through a wooden framed roof it shall be guarded by a galvanized iron ventilating thimble extending from at least 9 inches above the roof and the ventilating thimble shall have a clearance of not less than 18 inches except that for stacks for low grade furnaces such as hot air hot water and low pressure steam heating furnaces coffee roasting ovens candy furnaces etc the clearance may be reduced to 12 inches Metal smoke stacks shall not be permitted to pass through floors Smoke flues shall not be permitted inside of vent flues for ranges 83 Exterior metal smoke flues for boilers large cooking ranges and similar heating devices shall be of approved construction and supported on approved masonry foundations and shall have a clearai,ce of at least 4 inches from an out- side incombustible wall 5uen flues having an area not ex- ceeding 285 sauare inches shall be constructed of not less than No 16 U S Gauge metal if the area exceeds 255 sauare inches the thickness of the metal shall be not less than No 10 U S gauge The smoke flue of every smelting furnace and of every other similar crevice which heats the flue to an extremely high temperature shall be built with double walls of thick- ness suitable for the temperature There shall be an air space between the walls and the inside wall shall be of firebrick not less than 4 inches thick Chimneys of cupola furnaces blast furnaces and similar devices shall extend at least 10 feet above the highest point of any roof within a radius of 50 feet and no woodwork shall be within 3 feet of any part of any such device or its chimney Whenc a building or structure extends more than 10 feet above the roof of an adjoining building or structure the owner of the higher building if reauested in writing during its construction by the owner of the adjoining building or structure shall at his own expense extend the adjoining flues of such adjoining building to the same height as the chimneys of his building or shall supply sufficient flues connecting such adjoining flues with the chimneys of his building All fireplaces and chimney breasts where mantels are placed shether intended for ordinary fireplace use or not shall have trimmer arches or other approved fireproof construction supporting hearths The arches and hearths shall be at least 20 inches in width measured from the face of the chimney breast The arches shall be of brick stone terra eotta or reinforced concrete of approved thickness The length of the trimmer arch and the length of the hearth shall be net less than the width of the chimney breast The hearth shall be of brick stone tile or other approved fireproof material False fireplaces shall only be permitted against unfurred masonry walls No coal burning heater shall be placed in a fireplace which does not conform to the foregoing reouirements and have an incombustible mantel No wood mantel or other woodwork shall be placed within 8 inches of the side nor within 12 inches of the top of any open fireplace No combustible summer piece or fireboard shall be used in connection with any open fireplace The firebacxs of all fireplaces shall be of solid masonry not less than 8 inches thick When a grate is set in a fireplace a lining of fire brick at least 2 inches in thickness shall be added to the fireback or soapstone tile or cast iron may be used, if solidly backed with brick or concrete All flue-holes when not in use shall be closed with tight-fitting metal covers 84 4 4 Section 153 Heating Furnaces and Appliances High pressure steam boilers, bakery ovens or furnaces in which fires are maintained producing a high degree of heat, shall rest on +he ground a trimmer arch or a fireproof floor constructed in accordance with this Code Low pressure heating boilers coffee roasters fire- heated candy kettles laundry stoves coal ranges without legs and simil^r appliances vhere hot fires are used shall rent upon fireproof foundations as above described However the Building Inspector`s written permission may allow them to be placed upon ,wooden floors if the floors are protected by sheet metal of 1/8 inch layer of asbestos building lumber, covered with not less than 4 inches of masonry set in cement mortar Such masonry shall consist of one course of 4 inch hollow the or of two courses of brick or tile, at least one of which shall be hollow and be laid to rreserve a free circulation of air throughout the whole course Concrete may be substituted for a course of solid brick if deeiied The masonry work shall be covered by sheet metal of not less than No 26 gauge so arranged as not to obstruct the ventilating passages beneath or the heatinC appliances maj rest upon 6 inch found-bons built of incombustible materials supported within the thickness of the floor framing Such hearths shall extend at least 12 inches on the sides back and front of the furnace range or similar heating appliances if solid fuel is used the frost extension sh--ll be at least 24 inches All stoves or ranges iith legs shall be set on incombusti- ble material xhiea shall extend at least 24 inches in front when solid fuel is used Any woodwork or wooden lath and plaster partition within 4 feet of the sides or back or 6 feet from the front of any such boiler furnaca or heating appliance shall be covered with metal shields or other approved incombustible material to a height of at least 4 feet above the floor This covering shall extend the full length of the boiler furnace or heating appliance and to at least 5 feet in front of it Such metal shields shall be so attached as to preserve an air space behind them In no case shall such combustible construction be permitted within ? feet of the sides or back of the heating appliance or 5 feet in front of same Heating boilers shall be encased on sides and top by incombustible protective covering not less than 1-1/2 inches thick and the overhead clearance of such covered boilers and hot air furnaces shall be not less than 15 inches Any woodwork within 2 feet of the ton of such boilers or furnaces shall be protected by a loose fitting metal shield but such shields shall not be placed so as to form concealed spaces Section 154 Stoves and Ranges No kitchen range or stove in any building shall be placed gib less than 1 foot from any woodwork or wooden lath and plaster partition unless the woodwork or partition is nrooerly protected by metal shields in ,which case the dis- tance shall be ,ot less than 8 inches Metal shields shall be so attached as to preserve an air space behind them 85 f Hotel and restaurants ranges shall be provided -vith a metal hood placed at least 9 inches below any sooden lath and plaster or wooden ceiling and have an individual pipe out- let connected with a flue in accordance vith theAreouirements of this Code The oipe shall be protected by at least 1 inch of asbestos covering or its ecuivalent No furnace boiler, range or other heating appliance shell be placed against a wall furred with wood Section 155 Hot Air Pipes and Registers All stone or brick hot air flues shall be lined with tin or other suitable sheet metal or burnt clay pipe Horizontal hot air furnace pipes shall be placed at least 6 inches below wooden floor beams or wooden lath and plaster ceiling if the floor beams or ceilings are protected by metal lath and plaster or if the aoodwork be covered with loose fitting tin or the pipe be covered with at least 1/2 inch of corrugated asbestos the distance from the woodwork may be reduced to not less than 3 inches Cold air ducts for hot air furnaces shall be made of incombustible material Hot air pipes where passing through combustible parti- tions or floors shall be doubled tin pines with at least 1 inch air space betveen them No hot air pipe shall be placed in a wooden stud parti- tion or any wooden enclosure unless it be at least 5 feet horizontal distance from the furnace Hot air pipes contained in combustible partitions shill be olaced inside another pipe arranged to maintain 5/16 inch air space betveen the tvo on all sides or be securely covered with 1/2 inch of corru- gated asbestos Neitzer the outer piAe nor the covering shall be within 1 inch of sooden studding and no ,vooden lath shall be used to cover the portion of the partition in which the hot air pipe is located Hot air pipes in closets shall be double with a space of at least 1 inch between them on all sides The air space betveen pipes shall be open at bottom and closed at top every furnace with not more than two hot air pines shall have at least one register without valve or louvres A register located over a brick furnace shall be sup- -oorted by a brick shaft built up from the cover of the hot air chamber said shaft shall be lined with a metal Dipe and no voodwork shall be within 2 inches of the outer face of the shaft A register box placed in the floor over a portable fur- nace shall have an open space around it of not less than 4 inches on all sides and be supported by an incombustible border Hot air registers placed in any woodwork or combustible floors shall be surrounded with borders of incombustible material not less than 2 inches wide securely set in place 86 The register boxes shall be of metal and be double the distance between the two shall be not less than 1 inch or they may be single if covered with asbestos not less than 1/8 inch in thickness and if all woodwork within 2 inches be covered with metal Section 156 Steam and Hot Water Pipes No steam or hot water pipe shall be within 1/2 inch of any voodwork Every steam or hot water pipe passing through combustible floors or ceilings or wooden lath and plaster partitions shall be protected by a metal tube 1 inch larger in diameter than the pipe and be provided with a close-fitting metal can on each side of the floor or partition All wooden boxes or casings enclosing steam or hot water heating pipes or wooden covers to recesses in walls in which steam or hot eater heating pipes are placed shall be lined with metal and the pipes shall be kept at least 1 inch away from the walls of the box Steam and hot water Dioe covering shall be of incombustible material Section 157 Ducts and Vents Vent flues or ducts for the removal of foul air in which the temperature of the air cannot exceed that of the room may in non-fireproof buildings be constructed of sheet metal or other incombustible materials When used in connection with an exhaust fan such duct shall not be placed nearer thm 1 inch to any woodvork All such ducts shall open to the outside of the buildings All openings into such vents or ducts shall be protected by automatic or self-closing fire doors or by automatic ' closing metal louvres or dampers a All ducts from blower heating and ventilating systems which uass through stories shall be made of or protcected throughout by approved fire-resisting material not less than 3 inches thick if of brick block or tile or 2-1/2 inches of solid metal lath and cement plaster Where such ducts serve more than one story automatic dampers shall be provided on all outlets opening directly from such ducts and at all connections vith branch ducts Section 158 Dry Rooms No combustible materials shall be permitted in the con- struction of any dry room in which a temperature of 125 degrees F or over may e cist If a temperature under 125 degrees F is to be used the dry room may be constructed of wood but shall be lined throughout with 1/8 inch asbestos or 1/2 inch plaster board and covered with sheet metal or the covering may consist of metal lath or plaster board plastered to a total thickness of at least 3/4 inch Cement plaster or cement-tempered plaster shall be used 87 ( Sections to be inserted after Section 158) Section 158a Applications--Permits Before any heating work is started, except ` in case of minor repairs or leaks , the person, firm, or corporation, responsible for such work shall file with the Building Inspector an application for a permit for each separate job, giving street, number and the name of the owner of the premises Such permit shall be issued only on the order of the Building Inspector, who shall be furnished with plans , drawings , specifications or description of the proposed work The applicant shall pay the sum of fifty cents upon the issuing of any suers permit, authorizing work upon not more six registers or radiators , and the sum of five cents for each additional fixture The Inspector must be notified by the person doing such work when the work is ready for inspection, and all work must be left uncovered and convenient for examina- tion until inspected and approved In case of any violation of this regulation the permit granted for the work may be revoked upon the order of the Inspector, and upon notice of said revocation being given all heating work on said building must cease Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be fined not less than five dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense No permit shall be issued to other than *4 a person duly licensed to do heating work Section 158b Licenses ho person shall conduct the trade, business or calling of doing heating work or installation in the City until he shall make application to the City Clerk of said City and receive license to do so Section 158c License Fee--Bond Before any license shall be granted by said City Clerk to do heating work in the City, there shall be deposited with the City Clerk an annual license fee of $25 00, and every person so applying for such license shall file with the City Clerk a petition in writing, stating his name, place of business , and asking for license to do heating work, and said petition shall be accompanied by a bond to the City and shall be in the penal sum Of $1000 00, with a surety company as surety as the Mayor shall approve, conditioned fop the faithful performance of the duties required by ordinance, rule or regulation of the Building Inspector, and that he will `suitably guard and Protect any excavations or obstructions , and defend, save and keep harmless the City of and from all actions , suits , costs , damages and expenses which shall or may at any time happen or come to it for or on account of any injury or damage received or sustained by any person, caused by any negligence or from any unfaithful or inadequate work done under his license The annual fee for the doing of heating work within the City as an employee of a person under bond and master license, as above provided, shall be the sum of $10 00, Frovided that when bond shall have been given and a heating license issued to a firm, the same shall cover the license fee for one heating worker in or employed by saia firm, such person to be designated in the application and license, and each additional heating worker in or employed by said firm shall be required to pay an annual license fee of $10 00 # 0 f 41 PART XIX THEATRFS Section 159 Buildings Covered Every theatre or opera house or other building or parts of building designed or used for theatrical or operatic pur- poses or motion pictu e shows for the accomodation of a total of more than 300 person on all tiers shall be built to comply vith the requirements of this node Section 160 Capacity The Building Inspector shall determine the number of persons vhich every such building may accomodate This deter- mination shall be based on the actual number of seats and an allowance of 3 souare feet per person for all parts of the auditorium or galleries where "standing room" may be provided By standing room is meant such s-)ace in shich by law oersons may be permitted to stand during any performance Such measure meets are to be exclusive of required aisles passageways and lobbies No more than the number so determined and certified by the Building Inspector shall be allowed in such structure at any one time Section 161 Alterations No building which at the time of the passage of this Bode is not in actual use for the purpose indicated in this Code shall be altered or added to for the purpose of converting the same into a theatre opera house or for use by a motion picture show unless when altered or added to it conforms to the requirements of this Code Section 162 Approvals Recuired No building described in Section 159 shall be opened to the public until the Building Inspector shall have a )proved the same in writing in conformity with this Code nor until the Chief of the Fire Department shall have certified in writing that all appliances for the extinguishing of fire conform to the requirements of this Code and to the special requirements of the Fire Department and are in a complete and satisfactory working condition Section 163 Building over Auditorium Nothing herein contained shall prevent the construction of a building above a theatre providing such building is fireproof semi-fireproof or fire-resistive and providing no Dart of such building shall be placed above that portion of the building vhich is known as the stage section The portion containing the theatre including all passages lobbies and other accessories convecting therewith shall be out off vertically from such fireproof building by unpi6rced fire walls of solid masonry not less than 12 inches thick and horizontally by unpierced fireproof floors of strength to safely sustain a live load of 150 lbs per souare foot Section 164 Workshops and Property Rooms No workshop storage or general property room shall be allowed in or under the auditorium above the stage or under the same or in any of the fly galleries, but such rooms or shops may be located in the rear of or at +he side of the stage 88 and in such cases they shall be separated from the stage vertically and horizontally by a brick or concrete wall not less than 12 inches in thickness or ether equally efficient cut-off and the openings leading into said portion shall have self-closing fire doors on one side of the wall and automatic fire doors on the other side of the wall No sleeping accomodations shall be alloved in any part of the building communicating vith the auditorium Section 165 Separation of lestibule from Auditorium Interior fireproof walls or partitions shall separate the auditorium from the entrance vestibule and from any communicating room or rooms over or under the same also from any lobbies corridors refreshment or other rooms forming part of the theatre the openings in all such walls shall be protected by approved fire doors or fire windows The doors shall be self-closing and the windows shall be stationery Bection 166 Floors 411 floor surfaces shall be on concrete or ether incom- bustible material and no wooden boards or sleepers shall be used as a covering for floors seat platforms aisles stews landings passages or stairs Section 167 Aisles--Y9idtn of Aisles shall be not less than 3 feet vide at the beginning and all aisles shall be increased in width to marl the exits 3 inches for every ten feet of lengta Section 168 Steps in Aisles Steps in aisles shall be the full width of the aisle No risers shall be more than 9 inches in heignt and no tread shall be less than 10 inches in width and whenever the rise of seat platforms is 4 inches or less the floor of the aisles shall be made as a gradient adhere steps are placers in passages they shall be grouped together and shall be clearly lighted No stool seat or other obstruction shall be placed in any aisle Section 169 Entrances A common dace of entrance may serve for the orchestra floor of the auditorium and the first gallery provided such entrance and the passages leading thereto are of the width required for tae aggregate capacity of these tvo tiers Separate places of entrance shall be provided for each gallery above the first Where the number acc,cmodated in a gallery excees two hundred these shall be at least tvo separate and distinct entrances Section 170 Entrance and Exit Doorways The minimum widta of door ways shall be 5 feet in the clear except emergencj exit doorways which may be 44 inches All extrance ^nd exit doors shall open outward and be hung in such a manner as not to obstruct any part of the required width of a doorway passage or stairway The fasten- ings of these doors shall be such as can readily be oroened from the inside at all times without the use of keys or any special knowledge or effort The use of drag bolts is pro- hibited All such doorways shall be entirely unobstructed 89 1% f 0 t PART XX PARTITIONS Section 171 Fire-resistive and Semi-fireproof Partitions A fire-resistive ,ppartition shall be constructed of not less than 1-5/8 x 3-5/8 inch studding spaced not more than 16 inches center to center with the 3-5/8 inch dimension at right angles Tith the plane of the wall and having the following protection on both sides of the partitions (1 ) Metal lath and at lest 3/4 inch of Portland cement gypsum plaster or gauged plaster containing one-half part lime one-half part ( or mere ) Portlard cement and not over four parts sand or (2) r400d quality plaster board at least 1/2 inch thick, covered with sheet metal or (3)) 1/4 inch asbestos board covered with at least 1/2 inch Portland cement or gypsum plaster or with sheet metal or two layers of 1/4 inch asbestos board breaking joints or (4) fhe spaces between studding may be filled with approved incombustible material, the partition being plastered with Portland cement or gypsum plaster on metal lath or (5) Other enuivalent approved fire resisting construction Belov every hollow fire-resistive plcrtition nhether bearing or non-bearing the spaces between floor joists shall be fire stopped with incombustible material extending the full height of the joists and the full thickness of the partition (6 ) Partitions Fill be considered of semi-fireproof construction if built of approved metal designed to resist all stresses independent of any protective covering and protected on both sides with metal lath and not less than 3/4 inched of cement plaster, 17hen steel lumber is used for bearing partitions, approved co-inections shall be made with proper top and bottom bearings Section 172 Fireproof Enclosure or Partition A standard fireproof enclosure or partition shall be made of solid plaster not less than 2 inches thick on metal lath and metal frame, ( all metal of lath and frame to be well cover- ed ) or of brick concrete or the of sufficient thickness to give rigidity A standard fireproof enclosure or partition must rest on a masonry foundation or a fireproof floor or semi-fireproof roof or ceiling 90 PART XXI RESTRICTED LOCATION OF OCCUPANCIES Section 173 Buildings erected or altered for use in whole or in part for any of the following kinos of occupancies shall be restrictea as to location Business buildings Hospital and Sanitarium Stables for three or more animals and Dog Pounds Public Garages Oil Storage or Sales Buildings containing over 1 000 gallons not underground Oil Tanks outside of buildings of over 15 000 gallons Blacksmith Horseshoeing Boiler and Sheet Metal Shops Soap Candle or Chemical factories Dry Cleaning Plants Gas Plants or Tanks of over 5,000 cubic feet capacity Brick Tile Terre Cotta Stone or Earthenware factories Junk or Peg Shops or Storage Yards Paint mixing or grinding plants Lumber and Fuel Yards Planing 1dills PacLing Houses Acid [corks Tanneries Hide and Skin Varehouses Saddle Factories Powder Factories Wood Pulleries Amusement Parrs Roller Skating Rinks Public Dance Halls Mortuary Undertakers' Establishments 2iot3 on Picture Theatres Tents $sed as residences Film Exchanges Smelters and Ore Reduction Plants Founaries 91 i ' 1 r PART XXII TABLES Section 174 The following group of tables have been prepared to facilitate design by furnishing in convenient and comprehensive form some adequate means of determining the lengths of joists and rafter spans for conditions encountered in ordinary con- struction Knowing the kind of timber the proper column to refer to for span length can quickly be determined by examining the table of allowable working stresses which appears below The computations to determine the strength of the various members in these tables are based on the actual and not the nominal sizes of timbers The tables which follow explain themselves and the significance of the figures contained herein need no further interpretation SPANS FOR FLOOR JOISTS UNIFORMLY LOADED Lengths betreen supports Live Eoad 40 lbs I Live Load 60 lbs per so ft of per so ft of floor area floor area Determined bylDetermined by Determined by Determined by Size of Spacing of Bending I Deflection .Bending Deflection joists (nom- joists for extreme Ifor extreme for extreme for extreme inal ) in center to fibre stress fibre stress fibre stress fibre stress inches center in of 900 lbs lof 1 000 lbs of 900 The of 1 000 lbs inches Der so it iri per sn in or per so in per so in or bending Usel more in bend- in bending more in bending this column ) ing use this use this Use this column column column Ft Ink Ft Ink Ft Ink Ft Ind I 2x6 12 9 1 9 1 8 2 8 3 16 8 3 8 3 1 7 3 7 7 2x8 12 12 0 12 0 10 9 10 11 16 110 11 11 0 9 8 10 2 2x10 12 l 15 2 15 2 13 8 13 9 16 113 9 13 10 12 2 12 9 I � 2x12 12 18 3 18 3 16 5 16 7 16 16 8 i 16 8 14 8 15 5 3x12 12 21 4 21 4 i 19 6 19 6 16 16 8 19 7 118 1 18 1 2x14 12 21 9 21 9 119 9 19 10 16 20 0 20 0 17 9 18 5 3x14 12 124 10 24 10 22 9 22 9 16 22 10 22 10 21 2 21 2 92 Notes--The lengths are based on Maximum allowable deflection of 1-360 of span length Modulus of elasticity of 1 200 0001bs. per so in Dead Load--Weight of Joist Neight of plaster ceiling 10 lbs per so ft Double thickness flooring 5 lbs per so ft Live Load--as indicated SPANS FOR CEILING JOISTS AITD ATTIC FLOOR JOISTS UNIFORMLY LOADED Lengths Between Supports Size of Joists Spacing of Joists Determined by Deflection (nominal) center to center (For extreme Fibre Stress of 900 lbs ) in inches in inches per so in or more in bending Ceiling Joists Attic Floor Joists Ft Ink Ft InN 2 x 4 12 9 11 16 9 2 2 x 6 12 15 1 10 9 16 13 11 9 9 2 x 8 12 19 8 14 2 16 18 3 13 0 2 x 10 12 24 4 17 10 16 22 8 16 4 2 x 12 12 21 4 16 19 8 Note - The lengths are based on Maximum allowable deflection of 1-360 of span length Modulus of Elasticity of 1 200;Q00 lbs per so in Ceilings Joists Dead Load--Weight of plaster and joists Attic Floor joists Dead Load--Weight of Joists Plastering 10 lbs per so ft Rough floor 2 5 lbs per sm ft Live Load--20 lbs per so ft 93 SPANS FOR ROOF RAFTERS UNIFORMLY LOADED Inclination of 1/5 pitch to 1/2 pitch Roof covering 2 5 lbs per so ft (Group 1 ) lengths between supports determined by bending Size of Spacing of Determine(I by For extreme fibre For extreme fibre Rafters Pafters Deflection stress of 900 lbs stress of 1 000 The (nominal ) center to of 1-360 of per so in in per so in in in inches center in Span Bending Use this Bending Use this inches Column column Ft Ink Ft Ink Ft Ind 2 x 4 12 6 10 7 8 8 1 16 6 3 6 9 7 1 2 x 6 12 10 6 11 9 12 4 16 9 7 10 3 10 9 2 x 8 12 13 10 15 5 16 3 16 12 8 13 6 14 3 2 x 10 12 17 5 19 4 20 4 ,,��// / 16 15 11 16 11 17 10 /r,o //e /j- //_1/1lfr v Below is cortinuation of above to be placed at end of above table I For Extreme For Extreme For Extreme For Extreme Fibre Stress Fibre Stress of Fibre Stress of Fibre Stress of of 1 100 lbs 1 200 Its per so 1 300 lbs per se 1 600 lbs per per so in in in in Bending Use in in Bending Use so in in Bending Use this this column this Column Bending Use Column this Column Ft Ink Ft In� Ft Inf Ft Ini 8 6 8 10 9 2 10 2 9 5 7 9 8 1 9 0 12 11 13 6 14 1 15 8 11 4 11 10 12 4 13 8 17 1 17 10 18 6 20 7 14 11 15 7 16 2 18 0 21 4 22 4 23 2 25 9 18 9 19 7 20 4 22 7 Note The lengths are based on - Modulus of Elasticity of 1 200 000 The per so in Dead Load--weight of rafter Sheathing 2 5 lbs per so ft Covering 2 5 lbs per so ft Live Load--30 lbs ner so ft of roof surface considered as acting normal to the roof surface 94 t h9R91=F; SPANS F0'2 'ROOF RAFTERS, UNIFOHALY LOPDED Inclination of 1/5 pitch to 1/2 pitch Roof covering 8 lbs per so ft ( Group II ) Maximum allowable Lengths Between Supports Determined by Bending Size of Spacing of Determined by For Extreme Fibre For extreme Fibre Rafters Rafters Deflection of Stress of 900 lbs stress of 1 000 (nominal ) center to 1-360 of Span per an in in lbs per so in in in inches center in Bending Use this Bending Use this inches Column Column Ft I4 Ft Int Ft In� 2 x 4 12 6 6 7 2 7 6 16 5 11 6 2 6 6 2 x 6 12 10 0 10 11 11 6 16 9 1 9 7 10 1 2 x 8 12 13 3 14 5 15 3 16 12 1 12 8 13 3 2 x 10 12 16 8 18 1 19 1 16 15 10 15 10 16 8 Alle /r 4:1171er Below is continilation of Group II and is to be placed at end of above table For extreme fibre For extreme fibre For extreme Fibre For extreme Fibre Stress of 1 100 Stress of 1 200 lbs Stress of 1 300 Stress of 1 600 The lbs per so in per so in in Bend- The per so in in per so in in Bend- in Bending Use ing Use this Bending Use this ing Use this this column column Column Column Ft Int Ft Ink Ft Ink Ft I1 7 11 8 3 8 7 9 6 6 11 7 2 7 6 8 3 12 1 12 8 13 2 14 7 10 7 11 0 11 6 12 9 16 0 16 8 17 4 19 3 13 11 14 7 15 2 16 10 20 0 20 10 21 9 24 1 17 6 18 4 19 1 21 2 Note - The lengths are based on ?Modulus of Elasticity of 1, 200 000 lbs per so in Dead Load Weight of rafter Covering 8 lbs per so ft Sheathing 2 5 lbs per so ft Live Load--30 lbs per so ft of roof surface considered as acting normal to the roof surface 95 � Y PART XXIII ELECTFIC 7IPING Section 175 All electrical wiring in the City of Fort Collins shall be under the supervision of the Building Inspector and must conform with the rules and regulations of the National. Board of Fire Underwriters known as the "National Electrical Code" The installation or alteration of any and all electric wiring connections and apparatus in on or for any building and above beneath and upon the surface of the streets alleys and public places of the City4 and the actual installation operation and repair of the fire alarm telegra-oh and the pblioe telephone systems of the City shall be under the supervision ��33 n�� , of the Building Inspector �lartC VAgtt(Re-copy Third Paragraph in Section 175 as follows) The "National Electrical Code" as now existing and with 4 all future modifications thereof is hereby made a part of this ordinance except that concealed wiring known as the "knob and tube" system snall not be permitted in houses costing $2500 00 or more Meters house services and meter connections shall be located, instalZed, and. connected satisfactorj to the Building Inspector Before any electrical construction xork is started either the installation of new apparatus or the epairigg of aoparatus already in use the person or corporation responsible for such work shall file witn the Building Inspector an application for a permit describing in detail the material and appliances in- tenied to be used Such ao-nlication shall give the location of the work by street and number and shall be countersigned by the .)erson under Nhose supervis on the Nork is to be done and if found Droner and conforming to the rules and regulations con- tained herein a permit shall be issued by the Building Inspeoto No such work shall be done unless under the supervision of a duly qualified person as provided under "Registered Electrician (These Sections to be inserted after Section 176) Section 176a Licenses--Bonds No person, firm or corporation shall be granted a permit or engage in the business of installing electrical wires or appliances or electrical apparatus of any nature, king or description, inside of or on any building or buildings within the corporate limits of the City of Fort Collins (except central stations, power houses , substations or car barns ) for the purpose of transmitting or utilizing electrica current for light, heat or power or electric signal systems or other purposes , unless such person, firm or corporation shall have given bond and received license as herein Provided Amr Tiara^,-, e,,,,.,. __ corporation desiring to obtain such license shall make application in writing to the City Council, stating his name,``place of business, and asking to become a licIgnsed electrician, which application shall be accompanied by good and sufficient bond in the penal sum of 1000 00, with a surety companj as surety, conditioned that all electric work installed by said person, firm or corporation or his or its employees shall be in accordance with the requirements of the ordinances of the City of Fort Collins , and such application shall be accompanied by an annual license fee of $100 00, and upon the granting of such license by the City Council the same may be _ssued to the person entitled thereto" Provided that where such license is issued ?o a firm or corporation the same shall cover one electrician in or employed by said firm or corporation, such person to be designated in the license, and additional indiviaual electrician in or emplcYyed by such firm or corporation shall register and pay additional annual fee of $5 00 as a registered electrician Section 177 Registered Electricians All electrical installations and construction work shall be performed by or under the direction Y of a licensed electricianOor a registered electrician employed by a licensed electrician To become a , registered electrician, the applicant shall file an affidavit showing that he is over 21 years of age, has a thorough knowledge of electrical con- struction, and that he has nad at least 4 years of practical experience on installations of electrical + wires and apparatus Said affidavit must contain r the signature of the applicant, together with the , " endorsement of the licensed electrician by whom he� is or is to be employed, certifying that said applicant possesses the necessary qualifications Upon filing the said affidavit if found proper and upon the payment to the City Clerk of an annual registration fee of $5 00, the Building Inspector shall issue a certificate of registration to the applicant a ) Any person firm or c8 poration who shall do or attempt to do electrical cork whether original work or alterations without giving notice in writing to the Building Inspector and obtaining a permit to do such work as above provided shall upon conviction thereof be fined in the sum of not less than $10 00 nor more tnan $200 00 for each offence But nothing herein contained shall be construed as exacting a permit for ordinary repairs or minor alterations of present aorxing s ys t ems The Building Inspector or his representative shall have the rightiduring reasonable hours and in such manner as net to unreasonably interfere witn the safe and proper operation of the apparatus x inspected or te9ted1to enter any building subway or manhole in the discharge of his official duty Section 178 Defects in Apparatus--Proceedings In case the Building Inspector finds a defect in any electrical apparatus or equipment subject to inspection in the City of Fort Collins said Inspector shall report the same in writing to the person or persons for whom the test is being made using blanks furnished by the City for that purpose consecutively numbered and giving a descriotion of the character of the defect If the defect is of a dangerous character necessitating immediate repair the Inspector shall forthwith,-condemn the apparatus or equipment for further use or until -'the same is repaired or renewed If the defect is of a character such that the apparatus or equipment may be safely operated for a period of some days pending repairs the Inspector shall so report and name the number of days during which the same may be operated A duplicate of all such reports shall be promptly filed by the Insoector in the office of the Building Inspector Section 179 Violation by Owners--Penalty Any person or persons owning controlling or using any electrical apparatus or eauipment subject to inspection under the provisions of this chapter for a longer period pending repairs than specified in such Inspector' s report or who shall use or attempt to use such apparatus or eauipment after the same has been condemned by the Inspector or assistant for further use and before the same has been fully repaired or renewed and an order for a certificate of inspection obtained thereon in the manner above prescribed or who shall refuse the Building Inspector or assistant admittance to the premises wnere such apparatus or equipment is located for the purpose of making such inspection or test or shall needlessly hinder such insoection or test shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall Le fined in a sum not less than ten (10 00) dollars nor more than two hundred ($200 00) dollars for each offense Section 180 Fees for Permits and Inspection The 'ees for the inspection of the wiring or eauipment of any building or of any electrical apparatus to be paid to the City Clerk by the owner agent or person in control thereof, for the use of said City shall be as follows Dermits for all electrical work except electric signs n and electric fixtures $ 50 firing for incandescerit -�ghttng & Ift4-' 4�oa 1 00 foUm R 97 Wiring for arc lighting motion picture or stereopticon $1 00 (Plus 25 cents per outlet switches to be included as outlets ) Motors 2 00 (Plus 5 cents per H P of 746 watts or fraction thereof) Fixture hanging 1 00 (Plus 5 cents tier fixture ) de p Electric signs F e 3 00 (Plus °''tt. 't payable in advance annuall a' a4� For inspection of all electrical apparatus or eouipmeri�kaL� for which no fee is herein specifically prescribed the charge for inspection shall be $1 00 plus not to exceed 75 cents per hour for the tine actually consumed by each inspector engaged in making the test or inspection Section 181 Removal of Dead Wires Said Building Inspector or assistant shall have the right to cause all dead wires outside of buildings in said City to be removed at the expense of the owner or owners of said wires by giving said owner or owners ten days' writ+en notice to do so and if the owner or owners fail or neglect to remove such wires within ten days after receipt of such notice he or they shall be subject to a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than tventy-five dollars for each and every forty-eight hours such wire or wires are permitted to remain in place after the expiration of the time fixed in said notice for the removal of same as aforesaid Section 182 Defective Wires The Building Inspector or his duly authorized representa- tive shall have the right to condemn wires which are defective and dangerous to life or property and shall notify the owners of such wires in writing to remove or repl-ce the same with new wires Section 183 Moving Picture Machine Operators It shall be unlawful for and person to operate a moving picture machine for any public or private gathering without first having obtained a license as a moving picture operator in the manner hereinafter set forth provided, that this ordinance shall not apply to the operation of any moving picture machines or devices of a minature type for home lecture and similar ourposes avproved by the Building Inspector Any Berson des-ring to operate a moving picture machine or device shall make application to the Building Inspector and shall at such time and place as said Building Inspector may designate be compelled to pass such examination as to his qualifications as said Building Inspector may direct Said examination may be made in vhole or in part in writing and shall be of a practical or elementary character but sufficiently strict to test the qualifies*ions of the applicant Every applicant for a license as a moving picture operator shall be tventy-one (21) years of age or over and shall have served as an apprentice to a regularly licensed operator for a perioi of not less than one year or shall have theretofore served as a moving picture operator for a period of not less than six (6)monthe 98 r a f A 9 Section 184 Certificate of Competency---License Fee Every qualified applicant shall be duly examined by the Building Inspector as to his practical knowledge of the operation and maintenance of a moving picture machine and devices and if found competent shall receive a certificate from said Building Inspector stating that he is competent to operate a moving picture machine and devices Such applicant shall then present said certificate to the City Clerk xho shall issue to such apDlicarit ice s SBo o erly attested shich license shall be good �� 3� . provided that any person who has received a license hereunder as an operator of moving picture machines shall not be required to be again examined in order to renew the sarne Each person who has qualified to take the examination for which provision is herein made s all before taking such examination pay to the City Ge r the sum of taree ($3 00) dollars which sum shall in the event that such person passes tae examination entitle the applicant to such license upon proper certification by the Building Inspector ani shall constitute the first license fee for the applicant 9fter the first year provided for herein the annual license fee shall be tmo ($2 00) dollars In the event the said applicant fails to pass the examination he shall be entitled to take subsequent examinations vithout additional Dayment until hd shall have passed rich examination subject however to the rules of the Building Inspector governing such examinations Section 185 Posting of License--Suspension--Pevocation Every moving pictrire operates-n aho is licensed under the provisions of this article shall nare ris license posted in a conspicious place in the box office of tiny place of entertain- ment where he may be engaged or in case there is no box office said license anall be posted in some other conspicious place where the entertainment or exhibition is given et all times during such engagement and shall at all times while engaged in the operation of a moving picture machine or device have on his person or on the premises there he is engaged an identification card and shall at all times while employed have same on his person or on the premises where he is employed so that it may be exhibited to any officier or employee of the City authorized to inspect same The Building Inspector may for any violation of the provisions of this article or of any rule or regulation to the Departmert of Buildings suspend the license of any moving picture operator for a period not to exceed thirty (30) days The Mayor may revoke the license of any moving pic'ure operator for the violation of any ordinance of the Citj relative to the use or operation of movinf picture machines and devices or if in his discretion, the holder of such license is incompetent or unfit Ghenever any license or permit shall be revoked or suspended it shall be the duty of the holder thereof to forthwith surrender to the Building Inspector his license or permit and indentifica- +-on card Section 186 unlawful to Enter Booth It shall be unlawful for anyone other than a person licensed as a moving picture operator or holding a permit as an assistant or apprentice under the provisions of this article or officer or employee of the City irhile acting in t"ie discharge of his duty to enter any compartment or booth where a moving picture machine or device is in operation or to operate or in any way handle or manage such machine or 99 device while the same is being operated during an exhibition provided that this section shall not apply to the proprietor owner or manager in charge of the premises who may enter same for the purpose of giving necessary orders and directions In no case shall more than three persons be within such comnartment or booth at one time while such exhibition is going on Section 187 Penalty Any person violating anv of the provisions of this article of failing to comply with same shall be fined not less than ten ($10 00) dollars nor more than two hundred 4200 00) dollars for each and every offense and each day s violation hereof shall be considered a separate offense Section 188 Storage of Moving Picture Films Every moving picture film kept or stored in any operating room where moving pictures are being produced in addition to being kept in receptacle requ_red shall be placed and yept when not in use by the operator in a fireproof box with tight closing cover leaving no exposed openings after films are placed there vhich box shall first be approved by the Building Inspector Every film after naving been used by the C� operator shall be replaced in said box immediately Section 189 Peceptacle for Movirg Picture Films Every moving picture film hhall be kept or stored in a fireproof receptacle while being transported through or in the City of Fort Collins The receptacle may be constructed with metallic liring having no soldered joints and the exterior of leather fibre or other material appreied by the d Building Inspector \� Section 1901 Electric Signs It shall hereafter be unlawful for any person firm or corporation to erect or maintain over any sidewalk street avenue or alley in the City of Fort Collins any electric sign or signs except as prescribed in tars article and for the purposes of this ordinance an electric sign is hereby declared d to be any sign constructed as follows Signs all or part of the lettersof which are made in the outline of incandescent lamps transparent glass signs illuminated with electric lamps signs with flush painted or raised letters ana having' a border of incandescent lamps Q The person firm or corporation having control over an el-eotric—sign as defined above shall pay to t City of Fort , Collins in advance an annual -s`ez - fee ayable ( ?W let Q ee—shai`1-�� dollars ( 00) No such sign shall have a total area exceeding three hundred square feet unless permit therefor is autho-razed by the City Council in each and every case 1 esip Section 191 Height above Sidevalks--Supports 411 signs overhanging the sidewalk shall be at least nine feet above the valk and shall have at least two individual steel attachments to each building or pole All signs shall be made of materials that are waterproof and be so constructed 100 that they will not endanger the waterproof qualities here required Section 192 Signs weighing less than 100 pounds Signs weighing less than one hundred pounds shall have one main support in the form of a bolt through the building wall where possible anchored by a washer plate of at least twenty-four (24) square inches of surface and one-eighth (1/8 ) inch in thickness unless the supporting chain or cable is located at an angle greater than forty-five degrees, in which case approved expansion bolts may be used if the cable or chain be attached to a bolt located a greater distance than one (1) foot from the building wall said bolt shall be supported with a brace For signs weighing less than one hundred (100) pounds the minimum size of steel cable allowed shall be one-quarter (1/4 ) inch in diameter the minimum size of chain allowed shall be three-sixteenths (3/16 ) of an inch in diameter where the angle of the supporting chain or cable is less than forty-five (45) degrees the steel cable shall be five-sixteenths (5/16 ) of an inch in diameter and the chain one-quarter of an inch in diameter Section 193 Signs weighing between 100 and 250 pounds Signs wei hang between one hundred (100) and two hundred and fifty (2501 pounds shall have one (1 ) main support in the shave of a bolt through the building wall where possible, anchored by a washer plate of at least twenty-four square inches of surface and one-eighth(1/8 ) of an inch in thick- ness if the cable or chain be attached to a bolt located at a distance greater than six (6 ) inches from the building wall the bolt shall be supported pith a brace For signs weighing between one hundred (100) and two hundred and fifty (250) pounds the minimum size of steel cable allowed shall be three-eighths (3/8 ) of an inch in diameter the minimum size of the chain allowed shall be five-sixteenths (5/16) of an inch in diameter where the angle of the supporting chain or cable is less than forty-five (45 ) degrees the steel cable shall be one-half inch in diameter and the chain shall be three-eighths of an inch in diameter Section 194 Signs weighing between 250 and 350 pounds Signs weighing between two hundred and fifty and three hundred and fifty pounds shall have two main supports in the form of bolts through the buildinE wall anchored by washer plates each of at least twenty-four square inches of surface and one-eighth of an inch in thickness and each support shall be anchored at the building wall by two (2) main supports in the form of bolts through *ne building wall anchored by washer elates each of at least twenty-four (24) square inches of surface and one-eighth (1/8 ) of an inch in thickness and each support shall be anchored at the building wall by tao (2 ) other supports in the form of bolts or plugs For signs neighing between do hundred and fifty (250) and three hundred and fifty (350) pounds the minimum size of steel cable allowed shall be nine-sixteenths of an inch in diameter the minimum size of chain allowed stall be three-eighths of an inch in diameter where the angle of the supoorting cables or chain is less than forty-five degrees the steel cable shall be five-eighths of an inch in diameter and the chain nine-sixteenths in diameter For signs of this weight plans in detail stall be submitted with the application for the approval or rejection of the Builcing Inspector All signs erected 101 under this ordinance shall have the weights marked on the sign box in plain figures Section 195 Side Guys for Electric Signs Signs having thirty snuare feet or less of side surface and guys spread at an angle greater than forty-five degrees shall be supported by steel cables one-auarter (1/4) of an inch in diameter or chains three-sixteenths (3/16 ) of an inch in diameter signs of this area and supported by guys spread at an angle of less than forty-file degrees shall be supported by steel cables one-half (1/2) inch in diameter or chains three-eighths (3/8 ) of an inch in diameter No guys shall be spread at an angle less than twenty-five (25) degrees Where the side guys car be attached to only one side of signs of this area a stiff brace consisting of gas pine three-quarters of an inch in diameter and of standard thickness shall be Used Section 196 Side Guyaup~)orts on Buildings Siae guys soread at angles greater than forts-five (45) degrees shall be fastened Nith approved expansion bolts in a solid brick or stone wall or by a macnine screw in an iron front or by a lag bolt in solid woodwork Bolts or screws shall not be fastened to window frames, Lag bolts in solid woodwork shall net be smaller than one-ouarter (1/4) of an inch in diameter and shall enter woodwork at least three (3) inches Mac'hine screws in an iron front shall not be less than one-half (1/2) inch in diameter and shall enter through iron York Expansion bolts shall be at least three-eighths (3/8 ) of an inch in diameter and shall enter brick or stone walls at least two and one-nalf (2-1/2) inches Section 197 Wires Mires shall have an insulating covering to be approved by the Building Inspector and shall have ample carrying capecity and shall where entering wood or metal work be protected with fireproof insulating tubing substantially secured to prevent slipping out of place Branch wire of like polarities may be bunched if placed in an approved flexible tubing provided that there are not splices or joints in Aire and the ends of tubing be taped and compounders Where opposite polarities of circuits are nearer than one and one-half (1-1/2) inches wiring shall be supporters every twelve (12) inches and where the distance between opposite polarities of circuits is over one and one-half inches) shall be supported every tvo and one-half (2-1/2) feet Wires shall be splicers or joined as specified by the Building Inspector and shall in addition be covered with an approved insulating paint shall have drip loops where entering weather frame, and conductors connecting portable signs shall be stranded as renuired by the Building Inspector 102 Section 198 Sockets and Receptacles Sockets and receptacles shall be weather-proof but where substantially protected from the weather may be of the open clip pattern so placed that the clios shall have a clearance from wood and metal of not less than one-quarter (1/4 ) of an inch Clips shall be substantially soldered to the wires and then thoroughly p9inted vith an approved insulating paint Supporting screws within sockets shall be of such lengths and sizes and so placed that they will retain an air space under live clips as intended in design Sockets and receptacles shall be waterproof where ex-oosed to the weather have no outside contacts and where pitched above a horizontal position shall be protected at opening with an approved protecting ring or chamber to prevent rain or snow entering Section 199 Switches Cut-outs Commutating Devices etc Switdhes cut-outs commutating devices and similar devices and equipments shall be mounted on bases of fireproof insulating material as directed by the Building Inspector except that more than six hundred and sixty (660) watts may be used by soecial permigsion If placed vitain sign the baseboard shall be thoroughly pained with at least t-vo coats of an approved insulating paint but no asbestos shall be used Commutating devices shall be mechanical and so arranged that they will operate standard switches or their eaual and drums used in connection with such mechanisms shall not be in electrical connection with any part of the circuit Section 200 Lam-Da Lamps shall be provided with a rubber ring or equivalent device placed betveen socket opening and lamp to prevent moisture rain etc entering the socket Any person firm or corporation vho shall erect or maintain any electric sign or use any electric current in violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be sub#ect to a penalty of not less than ten (010 00) dollars and not more than one hundred ($100 00) dollars and to a further penalty of $15 00 for each day during which he they or it shall continue such violation and said Building Inspector shall for any violation of this ordinance order the complete cutting off and stopping of such current and if necessary the removal of such sign until the provisions of this ordinance are fully complied with Section 201 General Penalty for Violation Any person firm or corporation violating any of the sections or provisions of the Building Code shall be subject to the specific penalty provided for the particular violation, 103 if such specific penalty is prescribed and if no specific penalty is urescribed shall on conviction of such violation be fined in a sum of not less than five ($5 00) dollars and not more than VW hundred (000 00) dollars for each and ever offense and for each day any such violation continues he or they may be charged and found guilty of a separateA-fti and distinct offense 104 t 0 ! • PART XXIV PLUIRIlfG A'fD PLUMBI,RS Section 202 Plumbing Defined Plumbing for the purpose of this Code is hereby defined to include the pipes fixtures and all appurtenances thereto which are used to conduct water within and to a distance of three feet outside the foundation walls of any building and all pipes and appurtenances used to ventilate the drains fixtures and traps in any building and all pipes and connections through which gases vapor or waste of any kind may be discharged into the drains or sewers Section 203 Explanation of Terms A "master plumber" is hereby defined to be any person skilled in the planning superintending and the practical installation of plumbing and is familiar with the laws rules and regal^tions governing the same A "Journeyman plumber" is hereby defined to be any per- son other than a master plumber who,as his principal occuoation,is engaged in the practical 'installation alteration repair and removal of plumbing A "plumberb apprentice" is hereby defined to be any person other than a master or journeyman plumber* who?as his principal occupation,is engaged in learning and assisting in the installation of plumbing and drainage Back Vent Pipe Is that Dart of a vent pipe line which connects directly with an individual trap underneath or back of the fixture and extends to the branch main soil or waste pipe at a point higher than the fixture or fixture traps it serves Fixtures Water closets wash bowls bath tube wash tubs, sink urinals slop hoppers hopper closets shower baths and drinking fountains House Drain That Dart of the horizontal piping of a house drainage system vhich receives the discharge of all soil waste and other drainage Dipes inside the walls of any building and conveys the same to the house sewer three feet outside of foundation wall of such building House Sewer That part of the drainage system of a building connecting the house drain to the public sewer Main Soil or Waste Vent That Dart of the main soil or waste pipe above the highest installed branch of fixture connection extending through the roof Repair of Leaks Such repairs as are necessary to protect property but do not involve any extensive change in construc- tion Soil Pipe Any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closets with or without fixtures to the house drain Waste Pipe Any pica vhich receives the discharge of any fixture except water closets and conveys the same to the soil DiDe or house drain Circuit Vent A connection made by joining a nearly horizontal trap outlet with a waste and vent pipe in such a man er that a continuous vent is formed 105 Unit Vent One which denotes an installation so arranged that one pipe will serve two traps Vent pipe Any pine provided to ventilate a drainage and plumbing system of piping and to prevent syphonage and back pressure Trap A fitting constructed to prevent the passage of air or gas through a pipe nnthout materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water Subsoil Drain That part of a drainage system which conveys the ground or seepage water from the foot of walls or below the cellar bottom to the house sewer independent of the house drain Section 204 Inspection All plumbing in the City of Fort Collins shall be under the supervision of the Building Inspector who shal before the plumbing of any building be finally approved�mal(e three inspections First of the sewer when it is laid and jointed and before it is covered Second of the soil waste and vent pipes The whole system of inside drains soil waste and vent pines shall be filled with water or subject to an air pressure of five pounds to the square inch and third, the whole system of plumbing when completed and the water turned on shall be inspected by the Building Inspector and if he shall find such plumbing in accordance with the renuirements of this ordinance he shall issue to the owner of such building or his agent or architect a certificate of approval of the same Arenitects owners agents or contractors shall see that such certificate has been granted before accepting any plumbing work Section 205 Duties of Building Inspector The Building Inspector shall see that the constructing maintenance and control of the plumbing drainage and ventilation of all buildings in the city shall conform to and comply with the rules and regulations of this Ordinance known as the Building Code and shall pass upon all plans submitted, and shall pass upon all plans of his work including all notic6s and applications received permits granted violations of these regulations and all other matters which may pertain hereto He shall inspect the plumbing in buildings in the course of erection undergoing alterations or repair as often as may be necessary and shall see thht all work of plumbing drainage and ventilation is done in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance He shall keep in suitable form a recorft of all plans specifications and work examined by him mhether approved or rejected and whether for new or old buil ings and shall so far as possible complete a record of the plumbing in the city with such notations as will enable his successors to trace sources of filth and causes of sickness and to enforce the best sanitary conditions He shall not engage or be in any manner interested in the business of a plumber Section 206 Right of Access The Building Inspector or his representatives shall have the rignt and power where there is a building under construction or being re-modeled to enter and examine all work pertaining 106 to plumbing at any time and shall have the power to stop any and all work not complying with the requirements of this Ordinance Any person refusing to allow such right of entry or hendering or obstructing said inspector in carrying out the Dower conferred by this section shall be fined not less than five nor more than twenty-five dollars for each offense Section 207 Applications--Permits Before any plumbing work is started except in the case of repairs or leaks the person firm or corporation responsi- ble for such work shall file vith the Building Inspector an application for a permit for each separate job except for water and sewer connections made under the supervision of city giving street number and the name of the ewnei of the premises Such permit shall be issued only on the order of the Building Inspector who shall be furnished with glans drawings specifications or description of the proposed work The applicant shall pay the suig of fifty cents upon the issuing of any such -permit authorizing work upon not more than y six fixtures and the sum of tweNty, five cents for each addition- al fixture The Inspector must be notified by said plumber doing work when the work is ready for inspection All work must be left uncovered and convenient for examination until inspected and approved In case of any vio.Lation of this regula- tion t e permit granted for the work may be revoked upon the order of the Insnector and upon notice of said revocation being given all plumbing work on said building must cease Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be fined not less than five nor more than fifty dollars for each offense No permit shall be issued to other than a duly licensed master plumber to connect to any public serer and all such connections shall be made in the oresence of the Building Inspector or his representative Section 208 Licenses No person shall conduct the trade business or calling of a plumber or plumbing in the city as employer or master plumber until he shall register with the City Clerk of the sale City a certificate of competency or State License as employer or master plumber or as journeyman plumber issued by the Board of Plumber Examiners of the State of Colorado which said certificate shall be in full force and effect and no person shall engage in the business of plumbing in said city as a master or emplojing plumber or in any business which nas as one of its objects tie employin.- of journeyman plumbers to do actual olumring work in connect on with the carrying on of any such business in said City mithout a license to do so Section 209 License Fee for Master Plumbers--Bond 411 P Before any master plumber's license shall be granted by sAid City Clerx tnere shall be deposited with the City Clerk an annual license fee of 1)8tf dollars and every person so applying for such license shall file with the Citj Clerl a Detition in irzting stating his lame place of business and asking to become a licensed -roster nlumoer and said Detition shall be accompanied by F and tonne C1t and shall be in the SUM f r $1 000 00 vitfi �" ' as Mayor shall approve conditioned for the :'aitl ul performance of the duties reryuired by ordinance rule or re.ulation of the Building Inspector and trat ne vill suitably guard and protect any 107 excavationQ or obstructions and defend save and keep harmless the City of and from all actions suits costs damages and efoanses which shall or may at any time happen or come to it for or on account of anj injury or damage received or sustained by any person caused by any negligence or from any unfaithful ox inadenuate vork ,one under his license ( This be added at the end of Section 209) la'Provideali that when bond shall have been given and a master plumber's license issued to a firm, the same shall cover the license fee for one plumber in or employed by said firm, ana to be designated in the application and license, and each aaditional plumber in or employed by said firm shall be required to pay the license fee of 010 00, as provided for lourreyman plumber Section 211 Apprentice or Assistant Plumbers No a-opren+ice or assistant in and about any plum'-,ing work or lob shall be allowed to work thereat except undef the pergonel supervision of a journeyman plumber who has registered his said certificate as above set forth and the ,nastPr or employing plumber or employer of the journeyman plumber as abo^e set forth shall be liable under said license for and the above mentioned bond shall be held and dee^ied to cover the acts of such apprentice Section 212 Plumber V41 allow name to be used No plumber shall allow his name to be used by any other uerson dirrctly or indirectly to obtain a hermit to do any plumbing work Section 213 Complaints Shenever it shall come to the knovle ge of the Building Inspector of complaint shall re made to hir that the plumbing in any building causes a nui-ence or is contrary to this ordinance or is faulty in construction or liable to in,,ure the health of the oceuvants or if upon the request of any oamer or agent of any building to the committee on health of the city council or city health officer and said committee or officer shall so direct the Building Inspector shall examine the plumbsn� in any such building He shall repor his / findings to the chairman of said committee or the City h alth 0 (/ officer and su es,+such than es as may be necessary to/make auch chi' es as a be ne essar o a the same conrirm with O/Tn� the errs ng rules,tea d s�a comet __On he&lth or city health officer shall then note-'y the evner or agent o� anv such build-ing of the changes which are necessary in the plumbing and upon failure or refusal of such owner or agent to make such changes within toe time prescribed said committee or city health officer shall proceed to have said nuisance abated and the owner or agent of such building shall be fined not less than twenty-five nor more than three hundred dollars section 214 Violation of Ordinance Pny person or persons firm or corporation who shall be guilty of violating any of the provisions of this building code where a penalty for such violation is not herein speefi- cally provided or disobeying anj vritten order of the Building Inspector shall be subject to a fine on conviction of not less than ten or more than one hundred dollars If any plumbing work 108 is found upon inspection to be installed contrary to the provisions of this ordinance it shall be condemned and must be removed upon notice from the Building Inspector Sec+ion 215 Water Supply and Sewage--General a Every dwelling restaurant hotel or other building in which water is used must be amp19 provided with water pipe supply and sufficient means of sewerage for recroving waste from the same b Permit to open or tap " No street shall be opened or water p pipe tapped or service pipe be laid down without written permission and then only by persons authorized by the city and the particular Berson to be employed must on each case be named in the permit c, Under control of City The tapping of the mains shall be under the exclusive control of the city and the size of tap to be inserted shall, in all cases be determined by the later Superintendent Where service pipes are found disconnected at the corporation cock, they may be reconnected only by oilder of the 'eater Superin- tendent Corporation cocks Will be furnished and taps made by the City d Notice given No alteration addition or disconnection in or about any conduit pine or water cock or apparatus connected there- with shall be made or caused to be made by any plumber for any person taking water or for any person whatever without notice thereof being previously given to and the written permission granted by the Water Superintendent e Notice Notice must be left at the office of the Water Superin- tendent by the plumber about to lay down a service pipe fixing the day on which he wishes the tap made Such notice must be given at least tventy-four hours previous to the time when excavation is begun SEWERS AND DRAINS Section 216 Building Drains One drain for each building The plumbirg system of each new building or new plumbing installed in an existing building shall be entirely separate from and independent of that of any other building, a*ee.D+ �F��eee=- z�— i =, Gfi ^-- very shall have an Ad independent connection with a Dublic eF p"*&te sewer h re aXbuiuAinXtnandm ;A the X�' e of on the she t the fr the bu;Xorher g may be ext de to adi� privars barn and th whol wicr as- onee d ono Section 217 Drain pipes not less than three feet from wall Drainage pipes constructed of tile or any other material allowing leakage xhen laid parallel with or in the same direction as the wall of ang inhabited house shall be situated ffom said wall at a distance of not less than three feet if less distance is unavoidable extra heavy iron soil nine must be used Section 218 Subsoil Drains Where subsoil drains are used the same shall be made of oven jointed drain tile properly trapped before entering the house When over three feet from a buildirg or foundation first class glazed nice may be used with properly cemented joints In no case however shall such drain nine be less than four inches in diameter Section 219 Dwellings etc to have Suitable Privies eater Closets Each and every dwelling residence store tenement house factory and workshop shall be furnished with a suitable privey or water closet and a cesspool but no privy or privies vault or cesspool shall hereafter be constructed without a permit for that purpose first being obtained from the 13uilding Inspector No privy vatLlt or cesspool shall hereafter be constructed within a legal sewer district and all cesspools vaults or privies already e_isting within legal sewer districts when found to create a nuisance shall be forthwith condemned No water closets or urirals shall be permitted to exist in apartments which are not thoroughly ventilated Section 220 House—Drains ThkfQ portionsof the house-drains inside ofthe walls underneath the buildings and three feet��qq�tsid ^ area of foundation wall% shall be constructed of,�'Wv ich is known to commerce as Extra Heavy Cast Iron Soil Pipes and extra heavy fittings of the following weigh 2 inch 5-1/2 pounas per lineal foot 3 inch 9-1/2 pounds Der lineal foot 4 inch 13 pounds per lineal foot 5 inch 17 pounds per lineal foot 6 inch 27 pounds per lineal foot 7 inch 27 pounds per lineal foot 8 inch 33 pounds per lineal foot 10 inch 45 pounas per lineal foot 12 inch 54 pounas per lineal foot Where pipe reouired for waste or vent is larger than two and one-half inches wrought iron pipe properly tarred inside and outside may be used No traps shall be more than fifteen inches from vent lime extent on bath tubs where the limit vill be twenty-four inches All waste and vent pipes shall be reamed to the full size of pine House drains shall be securely anchored to the walls not less than five feet apart and laid in trenches of uniform grade or suspended to the floor timbers by strong iron hangers 110 � r Clean-out connections shall be placed where practicable, the same to be not less than two inches in diameter and access- ible Drains and soil pipes shall have an uniform fall of not less than one-fourth inch to one foot towards sewer or cess- pool Changes in direction shall be made with "Y" branches and one-eighth bends Connection with vertical pipes shall be made with "Y" branches and sanitary tees and all drains shall be exposed when practicable Section 221 Vent Pipes Vent pipes must not terminate in or lead through chimney flues and must be carried up inside of the house and supported, the same as soil pipes All water-closet bends must be back air vented with not less than two-inch pipe when over six feet from stack and when situated twenty or more feet from stack soil pipe must be continued full-size to the roof All other fixtures shall be back-air vented with pipe the same size as waste Trap vents from two or more fixtures may be connected at least twenty inches above highest fixture Water-closet vent pipes must be increased according to number of fixtures at least one-fourth of an inch for each additional fixture The horizontal waste lines in office buildings and apartments where there are more than three stacks shall be increased to five inches for seven or more stacks soil line shall be six inches In small buildings and ordinary dwelling houses the back-air vents may be connected to soil pipes not less than one foot above the highest fixture In no case shall bank-air vents be connected with soil pines in buildings three or more stories high but shall be run-separately through roof All vent pines shall be run as direct as possible and forty-five.degreelk "ells" shall be used at all times where practical Galvanized wrought iron pipe and galvanized fit- tins extra heavy cast iron soil pipes or lead pines weight known as "extra light" may be used for ventilation Connections with lead and wrought iron pipes shall be made with combination brass ground couplings and properly wiped joints No slip joints shall be allowed on any fixture for vent or waste except on closet flush only In office buildings or business blocks of three stories or more and where two or more water closets constitute a battery located on different floors and dis- charging into the same vertical stack the loop system of ventilation may be employed subiect to increase the size of vent pipes mentioned in this section The Durham system of continuous waste and vent may be used only in buildings of three stories or more using galvanized wrought iron pipe and galvanized or cast iron DU'OHAIA fittings of the proper sizes and in the proper manner required by the Building Inspector Section 222 Traps Bath Tubs and `dash Trays .Each and every fixture having a waste pipe shall be separately and independently trapped with a water-sealed trap and each trap shall be protected from syphonage and air pressure by special vent nine connected to crown of trap, or by continuous ventilating system Waste from bath tub and wash trays shall be connected to drum trap which may be of lead brass or cast iron extra heavy with trap screw not less than three inches in diameter and put as close to fixture as practichble the trap to be accessible Bath tub and wash tray plugs shall be one and one-half (1-1/2) inches The fore- going stall apply to combination sink and laundry tubs in kitchen ill k f 1( f Section 226 ['pater pipes Kitchen Sinks Grease Traps Waste Dipes from kitchen sinks in any hotel restaurant or other public cooking establishment and in every dwelling house shall run separate to a grease trap in yard when practicable and when same is not practicable to put in yard a grease trap must be placed below each sink with a water Jacket or congealing pipe to keep the water in grease trap chilled Section 224 Steam Exhaust Pipes No steam exhaust blow-off or drip pipe shall be con- nected with house drains soil waste or vent pipe within any building but must discharge into open tank or condenser from ihich a connection to sewer outside of building or separate sewer must be made Section 225 Refrigerators--Stop cocks--Overflow Pipes etc Waste pines from refrigerators or other receptacle in which Drovisions are stored shall not be connected directly with the drainage system but shall be arranged to waste into open sink or tray in open sight below refrigerator This sink or tray may be connected with the drainage system when pro- perly trapped and vented using a 4 x 8 drum trap No sediment from boilers or drain tubN stopSor waste cocks shall be connected directly with any waste pipe or sewer Drips or overflow pipes from safes under water closets and other fixtures or from tanks or cisterns shall in no case be connected directly to the drainage system but shall run to some place in oxen sight Section 226 Rain 'Pater Leaders---Construction Traps Rain water leaders shall not be connected vith the sewer system except when expressly authorized in vriting by the Building Inspector Rain water leaders when Nitnin a building and connected with the sewer system shall be extra heavy cast iron soil DiDe the same to have a trap entering the sewer or soil pins outside of the building Section 227 Pipe--Quality All supply pipes used inside of any building shall be mown as extra strong lead or merchants' galvanized iron pipe Brass or copper DiDe may be -qsed inside of private property line vhenever desired The use of black iron or galvanized from nine for waste pine is prohibited in buildings under three stories in height Section 228 Defective ?roes No foul or leaking waste soil vent or drain pipe nor any defective plumbing fixtures shall be constructed or allowed to remain in any occupied or inhabited building Any such pipes or defective plumbing fixtures shall be condemned by the Building Insoector and when so condemned shall not thereafter be used 112 Section 229 Water Closets Every closet or group of water closets within a building shall be flushed from a separate tank or cistern or by means of a suitable and efficient flushing device In schools or other public institutions other water closets of suitable construction may be used All vater closets shall be connected by means of brass lead or iron connections properly fitted to closets so that a tight joint ,fill be insured Outside hopper eater-closets must be separately trapped with a clean- out on trap The soil DiDe from floor to hopper trap must be iron Soil pipe Waste from valve must be tapped into house side of trap or soil pipe and connected to same by brass soldering nipple The iron soil pine from trap must extend outside of wall of vault at least twelve inches When vault is used Hoppers vith flush tanks of the Vogel type are preferXa- ble and should be used wherever possible vhere frost proof closet is installed In no case shall a hopper eater closet be installed inside of any residence rooming house store building facto-y or workshop and wherever installed on a porch of any dwelling rooming house store building or faetury it must be vented with 4"-soil pipe A hopper closet when located on an alley line or in an isolated building may be vented with a 2L' line Section 230 Number of later Closets---Ventilation Every person who shall be the oNner lessee- keeper or manager of any tenement house boarding house lodging house workshop or manufactory shall provide or cause to be pro- vided for the accomodation thereof and for the use of the tenants lodgers boarders or vorkers therein adeauate water closets, 7he same shall be so adeouately ventilated and shall be at all times kept in such cleanly and wholesome condition as not to be offensive and dangerous or detrimental to health and no offensive smell or gases from or through any outlet or sever or through any such water closet shall be allowed by any person aforesaid to exist in such house or Dart thereof In all places of employment where men and women are emroloyed)separate and sufficient water closets shall be provided for males and females dater closets for men shall be plainly marked "Iiden' s Toilet" Water closets for somen snall be plainly marked "Women)k Toilet" In places of employment cater closets shall be provided for every tventy males or less number and one water closet shall be provided for every fifteen females or less number Such water closet facilities shall be furnished upon at least every second floor and where there are emplojW* in any basement such basement shall be considered as one floor Section 231 Public Urinals--Flush Tanks All public urinals must be supplied with flush tanks or suitable and effective flushing device flush to be connected to urinal properly trapped and vented The u9e of galvanized sheet iron is prohibited in the construction of a urinal Section 232 Kitchen Floors in Hotels and Restaurants In kitchens of restaurants and hotels and in all places where the floor may receive, moisture filth or decomposable matters the floor shall be made of water-proof material 113 4 6 t Section P33 Leaking Pipes a Nuisance Leaking water sewer or gas pi-oes Whether on public or private property shall be deemed a nuisance Section 234 Gas Vfater Heaters No gas water heater shall be installel or if installed shall not be permitted to remain in any bath room bed room, or toilet room of less tnan fifteen hundred (1500) cubical feet air capacity unless such room shall be equipped with a permanently open ventilator of not less than tvelve by four- teen (12xl4 ) inches dimensions Evary gas water heater noW or hereafter installed shall be properly eauipped with a vent pipe which vent pipe shall have no damper or other attachment vhich vill in any manner, interfere with a free firaug'it in such vent pipe and such vent pipe shall be directly connected to the outside of the building through the chimney or by other convenient method but in no case hereafter shall any such vent pipe be connected to any stove pipe of furnace pipe Section 235 Choking of Sewers No person shall deposit or throw into any water closet or sewer any article whatever that may cause said water closets or sewer to choke or otherwise ocreate a nuisance Section 236 Sand Traps Sand traps for barns workshops or garages may be of cement rings twenty-four inches in diameter and forty-eight inches deep same to have quarter bend with seal not less than ten inches with accessible strainer covet Floor drains must be of a "P" or "S" trap -pattern with back water valve when placed in basement and strainer attached Outlets to all sand traps shall be extra heavy cast iron auarter bends and not less than 4" in diameter Section 237 Grease Traps Grease traps in yawls may be constructed of hydraulic cement sand and gravel in the pr000rtion of one part cement and three parts of all other material or of earthenware vhen brick is usedg the walls shall not be less than 8" in thickness and plastered with at least 1" of hydraulic cement, the same to be not less than six inches or more than twelve inches belov grade Grease traps for small bull l ngs or ordinary dwellings houses shall not be less tnan twenty-four inches in diameter and forty-eight inches deep and not less than four feet or more than eight feet from wall Grease traps placed inside of dwelling shall not be less than 12" x 16" x 14" with water jacket or congealing pipe Grease traps in hotels or cooking establishments shall be not less than tventy inches in diameter and installed according to the directions of the Building Inspector Section 238 Prohibited Fittings Sanitary tees of short radius shall not be used except in connecting horizontal to vertical soil or waste pipes in which the flow is toward the vertical line The use of one- fourth bends or elboffs in soil is allowed only above water line 114 in stack One-fourth bends Kith side or heel outlets except when they are made with "Y" or sanitary "T" branches and all double hub fittings and double tees when used horizontally are Prohibited except when smaller pipes discharge into a larger Dine Double hubs and double hub fittings may be used on rain water leaders and vent lines The use of the Raymond ferrule drive,1ferrule or a similar ferrule is strictly prohibited All connections between brass and lead or iron and lead shall be made by means of a wiped joint b The drilling and trapping of soil vent and waste pipes and house drains to receive waste and vent pipes of any description is strictly prohibited and in no case will the use of saddles or bands be permitted without permission from the Building Inspector c 17henever horizontal wrought or galvanized iron pipe connects with cast iron soil waste or vent lines tapped fittings or tap extension pieces shall be used wherever practicable No double hub or inverted calk joint shall be permitted in soil and waste lines Section 239 Ejectors In all buildings in Nhich the whole or part of the drainage and plumbing system thereof lies below the flew line of the main serer the sewage or house wastes shall be lifted by artificial means and discharged into the main sewer Section 240 Sumps and Receiving Tanks All house drains discharging below the flo-v line of the main sever shall be connected to a sump of adequate capacity with air-tight cover It shall be so located as to receive all such drainage by gravity and shall be vented with an adequate vent Dipe Section 241 Subsoil Receiver The discharge of drain the from footings of buildings shall be collected in a subsoil receiver or trap of adequate capacity having a water-tight cover securely bolted or screwed on Said cov-r shall be at least 2 inches above basement floor Section 242 Waste from Laundries and Similar Establishments Waste pipes in dye houses breweries bottling works creameries laundries and similar establishments where much water is used may discharge directly on to a non-absorbent floor provided with an adequate number of floor drains which drains must be connected to the house or yard catch basin of cast iron or vitrified pipe Section 243 Bar Wastes Bar soda fountain and similar wastes may be installed in accordance with one of the above methods under instructions from the Building Inspector The trap waste and vent Dipe may be located at eit'ier side of the bar at any convenient point It is recommenced that the washing compartments be provided with standing waste and overflo,v pipe and that a continuing flow of fresh water be maintained vhile the bar is in use 115 i r Section 244 Area and Court Drains When permitted to connect to the sanitary or house drainage syste-n the various drains from small yards areas and courts may be connected together and their contents dis- charged into a yard catch basin and adequate basement floor drain or a deep seal trap so located tnat it is readily accessible for cleaning and is protected from frost The sutfaee cnening of the drain to catch basin must be provided with an adequate strainer and where necessary� vith a back flow valve Section 245 Bubbler Waste--Drainage Waste pipes from bubblers may discharge into an open fixture trapped funnel or floor drain Such waste pipes how- ever must be trapped to preclude their use as a local vent for cellar etc When bubblers are connected directly to soil waste or drain Dines they shall be trapped and vented properly Section 246 Dental Cuspidors Dental cuspidors when connected to a waste pipe must be effectively trapped and vented The length of the horizontal waste pine between the vent pipe and trap must hot exceed fifteen feet The total fall of the horizontal waste pine between trap and vent shall not exceed the inside diameter of sAid waste pine Section 247 Cistern Overflow Overflow Dipes from cisterns shall not connect directly with any house sewer but shall discharge into an open fixture catch basin or floor drain Overflow Dines from cisterns shall not discharge hoNever into sanitary sewers intended for domestid use only Sec+ion 248 Overflow Pipes The discharge of waste pines from water motors overflow Dipes from eater supply tanks expansion tanks and drip pans shall be provided for in the same manner as for refrigerator w stes Section 249 Theaters and Assembly Halls Sanitation Theaters and assembly halls seating or accomodating three hundred (300) or more persons shall be provided with a sanitary equipment as follows Separate water closets in connection with the stage shall be provided for males and females Separate drinking fountains shall be Drovided for the stage and auditorium In the auditorium one drinking fountain shall be pro- vided to each four hundred (400) persons or less fountains to have jet gi ing a continuous flow of water No cup or tumbler shall be used in the building except it be destroyeA after serving one person 116 ti 1 f * r Separate toilet rooms in connection with the auditorium shall be provided for males and females in such tier or level and in these shall be installed the following fix`ures viz one water closet to each one nundred (100) females or less one eater closet to each tvo hundred (200) males or less and one urinal to each tNo hundred (200) males or less The above number of fixtures shall be based upon the maximum seating capacity and it shall be assumed that the audience vill be equally divided betmeen males and females Toilet , orms for males shall be clearly marked "Men's Toilet" and for females "Women' s Toilet " If lavatories are used the same shall have no waste plugs or stoppers except lavatories placed in the dressing rooms used in connection with the stage Where pumas or hydrants are used the outlets shall be inverted Sec+ion 250 School Houses In the superstructure of the Lu lding one sink and one drinking fountain shall be installed on each floor to each six thcasand (6 000) square feat of floor area or less In the basement one sink and one drinking fountain shall be installed on the malest side and the same on the females' side to each three hundred and fifty (350) pupils or less Sinks shall be the ordinary sloe sinks or in lieu of same lavatories may be used providing the waste plug or stopper nas been removed Sanitary school house drinking fountains with jet giv_ng a continuous flov of water shall be installed and no tin curos or tumblers shall be allowed in or about any school building In all toilet rooms in any school building at least one lavatory must be installed for five toilets or less and one additional lavatory for e-ch additional five toilets In libraries museums and art galleries there shall be urovided the following fixtures viz less One vater closet to each one hundred (100) females or One water closet to etch two hundred (200) males or less One urinal to each tvo hundred (200) males or less The above shall be based upon the actual number of persons to oe accomodated In all ether school buildings there shall be )provided the following fixtures viz One water closet for each fifteen (15) females or less One water closet for each tiventy-five (25 ) males or less One urinal for each fifteen (15 ) -nales or less 117 Toilet accomodations for males and females shall be placed in separate rooms with a traveling distance between the same of not less than twenty (20) feet Juvenile or short closets shall be used for primary an-1 grammer grade schools The use of latrine closets is prohibited In buildings accomodating males and females it shall be presumed that the occupants will be equally divided between males and females Buildings more than three stories in height shall be provided with toilet rooms in each story and basement and in these shall be installed water closets and urinals in the above required ratios in proportion to the number of persons to be accomodated in the various stories Toilet rooms for males shall be clearly marked "Boys' Toilet" or "Men s Toilet" and for females 'Girls Toilet ' or 'Tvomen's Toilet" Section 251 Old Materials Re-used All fixtures soil waste and vemt pipes removed from an old building Zf found to be in good condition may be used in the same building or may be used in another building provided the owner of the building in which they are installer gives his consent Old house-drains may be used in connection with new buildings or new plumbing onlv when they are found on examina- tion or test to conform to the requirements of this Code governing new sewers and drains If the old work is found defective the local or state inspector shall notify the owner of the changes necessary to make it conform to the requirements of this Code Fixture Replaced When an old or defective fixture is removed to be replaced by a new one and no dither fixture or piping is to be addeA or remodeled it will not be necessary to reconstruct the soil waste or vent piping to make it confor4i to this Code Reconstruction When old or defective plumbing is to be remodeled additional fixtures installed or the vhole plumbing system moved to another part of the building then the re- modeled system shall be made to conform reasonably to this Code Repairs All repairs to fixtures or piping shall be done in a substantial sanitary and workmanlike manner lie 1 PART XXV EL E7ATOR S Section 252 Every elevator escalator freight conveyor or amusement device within the City of fort Collins in addition to conforming with all provisions of the building code and other ordinances applicable thereto shall comply with the requirements of these rules Existing and future installations shall at all times be maintained by the owner in a safe condi- tion and in conformity with the reouirements of these rules Section 253 Definitions For the purpose of this article the term fi - Elevator shall mean any device within or in donnection with a building or structure used for carrying persons or things upward or downward, b - Passenger elevator shall mean and include any elevator designed and used for carrying persons other than those necess^ry for its safe operation or for the handling of things carried by it e - Freight elevator snall mean and include any elevator designed and used for the carrying of things and of such persons only as are necessary for its safe operation or the handling of things carried by it d - Amusement devices shall mean and include all mechanically operated devices which are used to convey persons in any direction as a form of amusement Section 254 Permits No passenger or freight elevator shall hereafter be installed or altered in any building nor shall any amusement device be hereafter constructed or altered until the owner or lessee or the agent, architect or contractor or any of them shall halze submitted to the Building Inspector in such form as the Building Inspector may prescribe an application accompanied by plans and drawings showing the proposed con- sttuction and mode of operation and such application has been approved by the Building Inspector and a permit has been issued by him Pepairs to elevators and amusement devices may be made Aithout filing such application except when such repairs include a change in the type of elevator or its motive power or when any change in safety devices or operating mechanism is made Section 255 Certificate Whenever a passenger or freight elevator or an amusement device is hereafter installed or constructed it shall be unlawful for the owner or lessee to operate or permit the operation or use of the same until a certificate shall have been obtained from the Building Inspector that such elevator or amusement device haQ been inspected and has been found to be safe The Building Inspector shall within a reasonable time after being requested to do so inspect or cause to be inspected any elevator or amusement device hereafter installeA or constructed and if the same is found to be safe amd in conformity Nith the provisions of this article and the rules adopted thereunder shall issue a certificate to that effect Nothing herein containeO shall )revent the temporary use under 119 � r a certificate issued by the Building Inspector of any elevator during construction provided a notice is conspicuously posted on or in connection with such elevator to the effect that such elevator has net been officially anproved Section 256 Inspection Tne Building Inspector shall inspect or cause to be inspected at least once in every six months all passenger elevators and at leas+ once in every year all freight ele- vators and amusement devices Any and all repairs found necessary by the Building Inspector to such elevators or amusement devices shall be made without delay by the o ner or lessee and in case defect's are found to exist vhich in the continued use of such elevator or amusement device are danger- ous to life or limb then the use of such elevator or amusement device shall cease and it shall not again be used until a certificate is first obtained from the Building Inspector that such elevator or amusement device has been made safe Section 257 Riding on Elevators Restricted It shall be unlawful for any person other than the operator or those necessary to handle freight to ride on or for the owner or lessee of any elevator knowingly to permit any person to ride on any elevator ether than a passenger elevator Every freight elevator shall have a notice posted conspicuously thereon as follows THIS IS TOT A B� SSENGE'�' M'FVATOR IT IS UALAIVFUL FOr ANY PER^ON OTHER THAN THE OPERATOR OR THOSE NECESSARY TO HANDLE FREI54T TO RIDE ON THIS ELEVATOR Section 258 Alterations In making alterations to existing installations the parts changed or altered must conform to every respect to the rules governing future installations and where harts of the elevator are damaged from any cause the damaged parts must be completely renelved at the discretion of the Building Inspector Where hand power elevators are changed to power-driven elevators they shall conform to every rule governing power driven elevators except that when the rise is not more than thirty-five feet and the capacity is not increased existing wood guide rails may remain in use In such conversions the use of a power-driven friction grip device is prohibited when the caoacity exceeds 800 pounds Section 259 Chamge of Classification In future no freight elevator shall be used for passenger service unless such dlevator conforms to the rules governing future installations of passenger elevators in so far as they relate to safety enuipment hoist ropes carrying capacity oar enclosure including gates and emergency exits shaft openings and doors and motive power In existing installations -where such change of classifi- cation is made and the hatchway is unenclosed)a substantial enclosure of lawful partitions extending from floor to ceiling and flush with the hatchway shall be constructed with all openings protected by proper shaft doors 120 4� f 4 e Section 260 Tests of New Elevators In future installations all elevators shall be tested as follows - The oars of all power-driven elevators shall be loaded to their maximum carrying capacity and operated up and down the shaft several times to test the lifting capacity of the machinery and the operation of the upper and lower automatic limit devices The car shall be stopped at various levels in the shaft to test the operation of the machine brake The cars of all power driven elevators having speeds exceeding one hundred (100) feet per minute and of hand-power elevators vith a rise of more than fifteen (15 ) feet shall be loaded to their maximum carf71ng capacity,,run to the top landing and made to travel downvard beyond normal speed so as to automatically operate the speed retarder or speed governor and car safety device and the slack rope device when recurred and ( except for hand-power elevators ) to step the machine This -ule shall not be construed hovever to require safe-lift elevators to oe tested with sdfe lift load The cars of power-driven elevators having speeds of one hundred (100) feet per minute or less shall be loaded to their maximum carrying capacity run to the ton landing and started down at normal speed At this speed the governor shall be manually operated to test the action of the safety eauipment Section 261 Carrjing Capacity In existing installations the oxner lessee or ether persons having charge or control of any elevator except a dumbwaiter and in future installations the manufacturer of any such elevator shall cause to be fastened in a conspicuous place in the car of said elevator a metal elate having suitti- ble letters and figures on same, Nhich shall designate the number of oounds weight which said elevayor can safely carry Ftl1-ure installations shall be designed to sustain in all their Darts a load per sauare foot of platform area inside the car of not less than the folldwing a 75 pounds for power-driven passenger elevators b 50 pounds for power-driven freight elevators having nlatfcrm areas net exceeding 100 sauare feet c 50 pounrls for hand-power passenger elevators Section 269 Ruleg to be Posted In the car of every passenger elevator the Building Inspector sh 11 cause +o be posted and maintained in a con- snicuous place for the guidance and informat -Lon of operators and passengers such of the rules relating to the operation of elevators as he may deem necessary to insure public safety including the number of passengers thst such car may carry at one time Section 263 Automatic Push-Button Elevators In future installations full automatic push button elevators must be so designed and equipped that the car at its rated speed and load will automatically sto ) when the car floor is level with or not more than three inches from the designated landing floor 121 The car gate and shaft doors shall be equipped with approved devices that will prevent the operation of the car until the car gate is closed and the shaft door is closed and lockets The snaft door shall not be capable of being opened unless the floor of the car is within three inches of the landing 9 push button to operate an alarm bell shall be provided in +he car for the purpose ei notifying the person in charge of the )remises in case the car becomes stopped in the shaft from any cause The shaft doors shall Le so arranged tlat they cannot be opened after the car leaves the landing except in emergency cases and then only by n soecial key which must be provided and kept intthe possession of the person having charge of the building Section 264 Belt or Chain Drives In future installations no hoisting machine driven by a chain or belt device from a motor or countershaft shall be used in connection with any passenger elevator Section 265 Car Gates In existing and future installation all entrances to the cars of power-driven passenger elevators shall be provided with suostantial folding or sliding gates or doors and vhere floor tracks are used the same must be kept level with the finished floor surface of the car All folding gates over three feet wide at the entrance to the shaft or car shall have top and bottom braces spaced not more than eighteen inches on centers ohen the gates are fully expanded All car gates shall be closed by the operator before the ear tLs put in motion In future installations passenger elevator car gates shall be equipped with an approved device or devices that will prevent the operation of the car vhile the car gates are open, and an approved emergency release shall be provided on the car within easy reach of the operator Section 266 Limit-Devices In future installations all power-driven elevators shall have approved limit devices as follows (a) for Drum Type Electric Elevators except sidewalk type elevators with speeds not exceeding seventy-five (75) feet per minute limit switches on the machine and in the shaft or on the car, (b) for Traction Type Electric Elevators limit switches in the shaft or on the car (c) for Electric Drum Sidewalk TvDe Elevators with speeds not exceeding seventy-five (75) feet per minute machine automatics vill be required but stopping devices on the operating rope will be accepted in lieu of limit switches in the shaft or on the car (d) for Hydraulic Elevators with speeds not exceeding one hundrod and fifty (150) feet per minute stopping devices on the operating rope 122 i (e) for Hydraulic Elevators with speeds exceeding one hundred and fifty (150) feet per minute limit devices on the machine (f) for Lever or Crank Operated Hydraulic Elevators limit devices on the machine Section 267 Escalators In future every escalator installed shall be eouipped with an approved safety device to prevent any accidental downward reversal and with an approveA stopping device Section 268 Lights In existing ana future installations the cars of all elevators shall be properly lighted at all times when in service Section 269 Guide Rails In future installations guide rails for both car and counterweights of all elevators ( except dumbwaiters and hand-power elevators mith a rise of thirty-five feet or less ) shall be iron or steel They shall be fastened to the sides of the shaft with wrought or cast iron brackets of such strength and design and so spaced that the guide rails and their fastenings shall be able to safely withstand the application of the safety vhen stopping a fully leaded car under test For elevators reouiring safeties the guiding sur- faces of the car guides shall be fi-ished smooth and joints shall be tongued and grooved or dowelled and rails shall extend to the level of or above the overhead beams and shall be bottomed on a suitable support Section 270 Ropes In future installations all elevators ( excppt dumbwaiters ) shall hpve not less than two ropes independently connected to the car and to each set of counterweights In drum type machines the lifting and counterweight ropes shall have at least one full turn of the rope on the drum when they have reached the limit of travel Every rope hereafter used shall have a factor of safety of not less than six for freight elevators and not less than eight for passenger elevators The diameter of any hoist or counterweight rope hereafter installed ( except for hand-power elevators and sidewalk type elevators ) shall be not more than one-fortieth (1/40 ) of the diameter of any sheave or drum over which it passes All ropes used in the operation of elevators shall be of steel, iron or marlin covered steel Ropes of other material than metal may be used as hand ropes and brake ropes in hand-power elevators or as centering ropes in Dover-drive elevators vith hand-robe control where overhead machines are used equalizer arms will be permitted on the car and counterweights Nothing in this rule shall prohibit the use of chains on sidewalk elevators instead of ropes Section 271 Elevator Pits In every elevator shaft hereafter constructed ( except shafts for dumbwaiters for sidewalk elevators and for hand.-power elevators with a rise of less than thirty-five feet ) the distance from the floor saddle of the lowest stand- ing to the bottom of the pit shall not be less than four feet when the speed does not exceed two hundred and fifty feet per minute not less than five feet when the speed exceeds two 123 hundred and fifty but does not exceed four hundred feet per minute and not less than six feet when the speed exceeds four hundred feet per minute and in no case shall there be less than two feet in the clear betveen the bottom of the pit and the lowest point of the underside of the car floor framing when the car is at the lowest possible position Section 272 Overhead Clearance f6r Cars For all elevator shafts hereafter installed ( except shafts for sidewalk type elevators ) there shall be provided a sufficient clear space when the car is at the top landing to allow a run-by of not less than two feet for elevators having a speed not exceeding one hundred feet per minute not less than three feet for elevators having a speed exceeding one hundred feet per minute and not exceeding three hundred and fifty feet tier minute and not less than five feet for elevators having a speed exceeding three hundred and fifty feet per minute Section 273 Overhead Clearance for Counterweights In future installations there shall be provided in all elevator shafts a sufficient clear spane when the car has completely compressed the pit buffers to allow of a run-by of the counterweight of not less than two (2) feet for traction and hydraulic type elevators and Sot less than three (3 ) feet for drum-type elevators Section 274 Determination of Questions When any existing installation for either Dassenger or freight service is deemed by the Building Inspector to be in an unsafe or dangerous condition it shall be made safe in such manner as he shall prescribe and all defective parts necessary of replacement shall conform in so far as possible, with the rules governing future installations Where these are practical difficulties in the way of carrying out the strict letter of the foregoing rules the Building Inspector shall have poster to vary their provisions so that the spirit of the law shall be observed and public safety secured and substantial justice done provided that whenever such variations are granted by the Building Inspector it shall be indorsed in wr_ting upon the Dermit over the signa- ture of said Building Inspector 124 PpRT X M GAS FITTINGS Section 275 Gas Fitting Defined Gas fitting for the purpose of this Code is hereby defin- ed to mean the work of putting together any fitting or fixture or other appliances which are to contain gas for heat light or pwner purposes Section 276 Ins,.)ection--Building Inspector All of the gas fitting in the Qity of Fort Collins shall be under the suoervision of and snoject to the approval and acceptance by the Building Inspector Section 277 Applications—y Permits Before any gas fitting is started except in the case of connecting fixtures or appliances repairs or leaks the Derson firm or corporation responsible for such work shall file with the Building Inspector an application for a Dermit for eahh separate job giviig street number and name of the owner of the premises Such permit shall be issued only on the order of the Building Inspector who shall be furnished with plans drawings specifications or description of the proposed work The applicant shall pay the sum of fifty cents upon the issuing of such permit In case cf any violation of this regulation the permit granted for the work may be revoked upon the order of the Building Inspector and upon notice of said revocation being given all gas fitting worx on said building must cease Section 278 Rules and Regulations Governing the Installation of Gas Piping and Appliances Table No 1 For gns piping laid to supply lignts in dwelling houses flats and office buildings Greatest Greatest No of 3/8' Length Openings Size of Pipe Allowed Allowed 3/8 inch 15 feet 1 1/2 inch 30 feet 3 3/4 inch 60 feet 10 1 inch 75 feet 15 1-1/4 inch 100 feet 30 1-1/2 inch 150 feet 50 2 inch 200 feet 80 2-1/2 inch 250 feet 150 3 inch 300 feet 220 If the above lengths are exceeded use next larger size 1/4 inch pipe will not be allowed Risers must be not less than 3/4 inch 125 %k • r Section 279 Table No 2 For gas piping laid to supply lights in stores churches halls schools hospitals factories etc Greatest Greatest No of 1/2" length Openings Size of Pipe Allowed Allowed 1/2 inch 20 feet 1 3/4 inch 60 feet 5 1 inch 75 feet 8 1-1/4 inch 100 feet 15 1-1/2 inch 150 feet 25 2 inch 200 feet 40 Piping must be carried full size to last opening taken off No drops or openings must be less than 1/2 inch Section 280 Table No 3 For gas pining laid to supply fuel apparatus Greatest Greatest No of 3/4n Length Openings Size of Pipe Allowed Allowed 3/4 inen 60 feet 1 1 inch 75 feet 2 1-1/4 inch 100 feet 3 1-1/2 inch 150 feet 5 2 inch 200 feet 8 Where boilers and furnaces are installed Gas Company should be consulted in regard to sizes of line Section 281 Small Heating Appliances For mantels grates and small heating appliances for heating space not to exceed 1,728 cubic feet or for bunsen burners used by dentists doctors and chemists 30 feet of 1/2 inch pipe -nay be run for one opening only and two such openings are considered as one 3/4 inch opening No piping or opening smaller than 3/4 inch shall be allow- ed for any cooking appliance or for any other purpose excepting as above Section 282 Risers All risers must be extended to within three (3) feet of the location provided for meter Where two or more risers are run together they must be spaced not less than fifteen (15) inches apart at meter location 126 Section 283 Where necessary to place risers in outside wall pipes must be indulated Section 284 Material Workmanship The burr left upon the inside of gas pining by the cutting-off tool shall be removed and pipe reamed to full size Tees must be provided on the bottom of all risers with the plugged opening looking down and left accessible for opening to remore rust dr condensation Gas piping notched into the lower side of joists mill not be accepted No split pipes cemented fittings or concealed unions will be accepted Section 285 Drip Receptacles--Pipe Grade All gas piping must be graded to risers free from traps and sags properly supported and securely fastened with pipe straps hook or hangers No drip receptacles gill be alloffled in any gas line unless entirely unavoidable in which case they must be installed under the suoervision of the Building Inspector Section 286 Drops All drops-supplying lights must consist of square bends offset at least six inches from a main gas pipe Any gas pipe supplying two or more openings vill be considered a main gas pipe Drops composed of nipples or straight pipe screwed into fittings will not be accepted All droos must project at least one (1) inch and not more than two (2 ) inches belov the plastering and must be securely fastened to joists or upright studding or to notched cross pieces nailed between the joists or studding Section 287 Side Lights Side lights must be supplied from gas pipes under the floors beluiv lights and not from piping in ceiling above lights Square bends or long bracket ells projecting not less than one-half (1/2) inch nor more than one (1 inch beyond plaster and securely fastened to joists studding or pieces nailed between joists or studding must be used Section 288 Remodeling--Extensions In remodeling or extending old gas piping connections must be made where sizes can be maintained in accordance with the foregoing tables In no case must extensions be made from small pipes Where sizes cannot be maintained from old Piping extensions must be supplied by a separate line of pipe from meter The inspector maj deem it advisable to include the the old pining in the test to which new extension is subjected Section 289 Underground Piping No pine smaller than 1-1/4 inch must be used Where possible all piping must be laid not less than three (3) feet underground free from traps and sags and properly graded to an accessible location where a drip must be provided consisting of a piece of 1-1/4 inch pipe net less than eighteen (18 ) inches in length containing an 1-1/4 inch by 127 « Vr 3/4 inch reducer and 3/4 inch plug for the removal of con- densation The piping must be inspected and tested by the Building Inspector before being covered All underground piping is to be done by the company furnishing gas Comsumer's piping laid under cement floors as in fireproof buildings garages etc may be installed sub- iect to the same rules and regulations as for piping con- cealed under wooden floors Section 290 Tubing The use of tubing for supplying gas to ranges hot plates water heaters or any stationery appliances will not be alloyed Where tubing is allowed on lamps room heaters or other movable appliances it must be of an approved type All gas burning appliances installed on the customer' s premises shall be subiect to inspection before gas is turned on and the Company furnishing gas has the right to refuse to supply gas service to any appliances where the use of such appliances is considered to be detri- mental to service and safety Section 291 Gas Engine Supply Supply for gas engines must be separate and an independent service will be required The following table will apply to piping run for gas engines Table No 4 Greatest Size of Length Size of Engine Opening Allowed 1 H P 1 inch 60 feet 2 H P finch 70 feet 5 H P lainch 100 feet 7 H P 2 inch 140 feet Where larger engines are to be installed the company furnishing gas should be consulted regarding proper sizes of piping to run Section 292 Stop Cocks No stop cocks must be placed iriany gas line beyond the meter except those provided at appliances for turning gas off or on The company furnishing gas will install and maintain necessary meters Section 293 Table No 5 For building services run from basement wall where service enters building to room provided for meters Greatest Greatest No of 3/4" Length Openings Size of Pipe Allowed Alloried 1-1/4 inch 100 feet 4 1-1/2 inch 150 feet 6 2 inch 200 feet 12 128 t Section 294 Openings--Service and Headers All openings in building services and headers be of same size as risers to be supplied tnerefrom and in no case are they to be less than 3/4 inch Building services installed by outside gasfitters must be carried from a point not less than two (2 ) feet nor more than three (3) feet to where the service enters building to a point not less than tvo (2) feet nor more than three (3) feet to the left side of the first riser to the left when facing wall where meters are to be located The building service must be capped at both ends and no o-oenings or tees vill be alloved except those contained in the header installed The gas company will inspect test and mare connection to service Building services shall be under the control of the gas company for as long as they shall remain connected to the company' s service pipes Section 295 Underground Work The gas company will install and maintain all meters The gas company has the sole right of making all connections to its service p_nes and meters Section 296 Openings--?meter Headers Openin s in meter headers must be spaced not less than fifteen (151 inches nor more than twenty-four (24) inches to the left of the risers to be supplied from such openings Where meters are grouped in tiers the openings for the upper tier must be not less than thirty (30) inches above the openings for the lower tier All riser and openings in services and headers must be located not less than thirty (30) inches nor more than eight (8) feet from the floor Section 297 Service Pipes Service pipes will not be run under cement or parouet floors unless a conduit is provided making the pipe readily accessible in case of stoppages or leaks A separate service pipe from the gas company' s main will be required for buildings not connected by the same roof which may be divided for sale This rule may be waived by the Building Inspector in the business portion of the city where service e4tensions may be run open through adjoining basements with the consent of the owners thereof Buildings situated upon the rear of lots and not having frontage upon any street may be supplied from services enter- ing buildings on the sane lot having street frontage if service is of sufficient size Section 298 Stop Cocks--Valves Stop cocks or valves will not be installed on services at curb except on those of 2-inch size or larger in which case a valve located in an iron curb bog Nill be p ovided On all other services supplying more than one (1 meter or where the meter location is more than ten (10) feet from the point where service enters building a cock must be provided lust inside the building in case of fire Single meter in- stallations where tie location is within ten (10) feet of the point of entrance of service into building will be taken care of with the cock located at meter inlet 129 %L I w F Section 299 Meter Locations The gas company reserves the right to determine the location of its meters which must be placed where they will be easily accessible not exposed to extreme heat ( as hear steam pipes er furnaces ) dampness frost sudden changes of temperature or liability to damage by having things thrown on them Meters will not be set in coal cellars under any circum- stances not under the deck of show windows or in small closets if any other location can be provided If such a location is unavoidable means must be provided for thoroughly ventilating the Dlace around the meter to eliminate any danger from escaping gas Meter locations will not be accepted where the apparatus to be supplied therefrom is below the level of the meter ( as for instance a meter location on the second floor of a build- ing supplying apparatus on the first floor) thereby pro- ducing a trap in the gas Diping The meter location must be the low point in all piping installations except in the case of fuel installations where the meter is located on the same floor level bit at a height above the apparatus to be supplied in which case a minimum length of exposed piping may be drained toward. apparatus with a suitable tee arranged for removal of condensation or rust If flats or store buildings where no meter rooms are provided the meters must be set in the respective basements or on the premises supplied by the meter In all buildings containing ten (10) or more meters an approvea meter room must be provided Section 300 Connecting or Disconnecting LetPrs Only the company furnishing gas shall be alloved to connect or disconnect meters or service pipes turn on or off gas coming in from the service pipe change alter or repair any meter belonging to the com-)any furnishing gas Section 301 Inspection--Tests The inspector will cenuire two inspections to be made on each ,lob of gas piping The perliminary inspection must be made before the gas Diping is concealed to ascertain if the piping has been laid in accordance with these rules and regulations The piping will at the same time be subjected to an air pressure of at least six (6) inches mercury column, which it must maintain thrity (30) minutes without any drop The final insDection will be made after the building has been Dlastered at which time the piping will again by subjected to a pressure of six inches (611 ) mercury column which it must maintain without a drop for thirty (30) minutes If the gas piping has oeen laid in accordance with the foregoing rules and regulations as ascertained by the pre- liminary inspection and is found tight at final inspection the inspector will issue a certificate of inspection No certificate of inspection will be issued until after the gas riping has been found tight on the final inspection Section 301s Flues and vents The connection or use of any appliance for the burning of natural gas except lights without having the same preDerly 130 vented is prohibited All such vents or flues shall be so constructed as to prevent a back draft 131 PART XXVII SIGNS AND BILLBOARDS Section 302 1 W000en signs or billboards may be permitted as follows (a) When not exceeding 14 feet in height above the curb level Aith a clear space of not less than 3 feet between the bottom of the sign or billboard and the ground Such signs or billboards shall be securely attached to posts or other supporting structure and shall be located entirely with in the lot lines (b) When not exceeding 2 feet in height and fastened flat against the wall of a building or in front of or on top of the cornice over a first story show window or on top of a wall of the building (c ) "lien exceeding 2 feet in height but not exceeding 40 square feet in area and fastened flat against the wall of a building (d) All signs attached to a building shall be fastened directly to the walls by well secured metal anchors wooden supports or braces shall not be permitted nor shall such wooden sign have electric lights or fixtures attached to them in any manner 2 All other signs or billboards within the fire limits shall be entirely constructed of incombustible materials including all supports and braces for same 3 Any letter word model sign device or representation in the nature of an advertisement announcement or direction supported or attached wholly or in part over or above any wall building or structure shall be deemed to be a sky-sign Except as herein specified sky-signs shall be constructed entirely of metal including the supports and braces for same and no sky-sign shall project beyond the building line 4 Within the sire limits no sky-sign shall be suprorted anchored or braced to the wooden beams or other framework of a building which is over three stories high No sign attached to the side of a building or structu_ e fronting upon a public thoroughfare shall project more than 5 feet outside of the building line Sky-signs shall be set back at least 8 feet from the cornice or wall on a street front shall not project more than 25 feet above the roof of a building and shall have a space at least 6 feet in height between the bottom of the sign and the roof All such signs shall be designed to withstand a wind pressure of at least 30 pounds per square foot of surface No sign or billboard shall be so constructed as to obstruct any door window or fire-escape on any building Before the erection of any sign or billboard shall heve been commenced a permit for the erection of the same shall be obta ned from the Building Inspector Each application for the erection of any sign or billboard shall be accompanied by a written consent of the owner or owners or the lessee or 132 f lessees of the property on which it is to be erected This section shall auply to all signs hereafter erected whether placed upon new or existing buildings. 133 r PART XXVIII PROTECTION OF WORE24EN AND THE PUBLIC Section 303 Provision for Safety Fireproof floor construction shall follow up the erection of the steel framing of all structures within two complete tiers If filling with brick or other fireproof material is net requited between floor beams the under flooring or other planking shall be laid in each story as the buildings pro- gresses If the floor construction is of structural steel the contractor for the steel work or the owner of building in course of erection shall thoroughly plank the entire tier of steel beams on which the structural steel work is being erected except such spaces as may be reasonably required for hoisting materials and other erection work All openings in the floor framing intended for stairways, elevators or for other shafts shall be planked over or enclosed on all sides to a height of at least 3 feet If elevating or hoisting apparatus is used for the purpose of lifting materials within a building under con- struction the shafts or openings in each floor shall be enclosed or fenced by a substantial barrier at least 6 feet high except two sides for the handling of materials These sides shall be guarded by an adjustable barrier not less than 3 feet high above the floor and not less than 2 feet from the ridge of such shaft or opening Section 304 Overloading to be Avoided During the construction or alteration of any building or structure no material entering into such construction or alteration shall be placed on any floor in excess of the live load that such floor is intended to safely sustain Section 305 Outside Scaffolds Whenever outside scaffolds are used on buildings over 40 feet in height whether they be suspended or constructed of poles and thrustouts they shall be provided with a substantial guard railing or enclosure of wire mesh or other suitable material extenaing 4 feet above the working platform on its outer edge and ends All such scaffolds shall be constructed in a manner to secure the safety of the workmen on them and the people using the street 134 PART XXIX AWNINGS Section 306 Applications-Permits Before any awning is erected, hung or repaired (minor repairs excepted) so as to project over any sidewalk in this City, the person, firm or corporation responsible for such work shall file with the Building Inspector an application for a permit, describing the kind of awning proposed to be erected, hung or repaired, the location of the same, and the name of the owner of the premises and such application shall be countersigned by the person under whose super- vision the work is to be done, and such application shall be accompanied by permit fee of $1 00 If found proper and conforming to the rules and regula- tions and ordinances a permit shall be issued by the Building Inspector No such work shall be done unless by or under the supervision and responsibility of a duly licensed person as provided in the following section Section 307 License-Bond No person, firm or corporation shall be granted a permit or engage in the business of erecting, hanging, installing or repairing awnings to project offer any sidewalk in this City unless such person, firm or corporation shall have given bond and received license as herein provided Any person, firm or corporation desiring to obtain such license shall make application in writing to the City Clerk, stating his name, place of business , and asking to be granted a license to erect awnings within the City of Fort Collins , which application shall be accompanied by a good and sufficient bond in the penal sum of $1000 00, with a surety company as surety, conditioned that all awning work installed by said person, firm or corporation, or his or its employees , shall be in accordance with the requirements of the ordinances of the City of Fort Collins, and the rules and regulations and under the supervision of the Building Inspector, and that also said person, firm or corporation will suitably guard and protect all ladders or obstructions and defend, save ana keep harmless the City of and from all actions , suits , costs, damages and expenses which shall or may at any time happen or come to it for or on account of any injury or damage received or sustained by any person, caused by any negligence or from any unfaithful or inadequate work done under his license, and such application shall be accompanied by an annual license fee of $10 00 Section 308 Violations-Penalties Any person, firm or corporation who shall do or attempt to do work of hanging, erecting or repairing awnings extending over any sidewalk (except minor re- pairs ) without obtaining a permit therefor as herein provided or without having obtained a license, or being employed by a duly licensed person, firm or cor- porAtion, shall upon conviction thereof be fined in a sun of not less than five dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense /SJ� i Section 312 Penalties Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance, where no penalty is otherwise provided, shall upon conviction tnereof be fined in a sum of not less than five dollars nor more than three hundrea dollars PART 3� VIOLATIONS--PENALTIES seq Section Removal of Violations Vhenever the Building Inspector has evimence that there eFists in any building or structure erected or in course of _ erection or alteration a violation of any provision of this Code or of any of the regulations governing the installation or repair of any plumbing drainage or electrical work, he may in his discretion authorize the City Attorney to institute any appropriate action or proceeding at law or in eauity to restrain correct or remove such violation prevent further work upon the building or structure, require its removal '3 1d or prevent the occupation or use of the building or structure Section .39 Violation a Tisdemeanor--Punishment A person who shall construct alter remove or maintain a building or structure or any of its appurtenances in violation of any of the provisions of this Code shall be ouilty of a misdemeanor and is punishable by a fine of not less than two hundred and fifty dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding sixty days or by both fine and imprisonment If such violation shall be removed or in process of removal within ten days after the service of a notice of violation and shall be actually removed within a reasonable time the liability fpk all or a portion of such penalty may cease# in the dis- cretion of the court Whenever it shall be necessary in the opinion of the Building Inspector in order to carry out or enforce any of the provisions of this Code he may and shall have authority to call on the Police Department for aid and assistance and it shall be the duty of the Police Department when called upon by the Building Inspector to co-operate with the said Building, Inspector in order to enforce or put into effect any of the provisions of this Code Courts having Jurisdiction for Enforcement of Penalties For the enforcement or reco-very of a penalty an action may be brought in the� n the City of Fort Collins in any municipal courtor co rt of record and no court shall loGe jurisdiction of any action by reason of a plea that theth{le to real estate is involved provided the object of the ac+ion is to recover a penalty for a violation When any Judg0ment shall be rendered therefor the same shall be collected and enforced as judg)rments of the courts in Nhich said action Ass commencer) Section 385— Existing Suits and Liabilities Nothing in this Code contained shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding now pending in any court or any rights acquired or liability incurred nor any cause or causes of action aecrved or exi-ting under any act or ordi- ance repealed hereby Nor shall any right or remedy of any character be lost impaired or affected by this Code d Section 312 Penalties Any person firm or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance where no penalty is otherwise providea, shall upon conviction tnereof be fined in a sum of not less than five dollars nor more than three hundred dollars PART XXXI LICENSES Section 313 Expiration--Not Transferable All licenses issued under or pursuant to this ordinance shall expire on December 31st of each fiscal year Any annual fee provided in this ordinance shall be the same for a full fiscal year or any part of a fiscal year And no license issued under or pursuant to this ordinance shall be transferable K ti PART XXXII REPEAL AND EMERGENCY Section 314 Repeal All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with this ordinance are hereby repealed, provided that this repeal shall not apply to any ordinance or part of ordinance not necessarily in conflict witn the provisions of this ordinance, and provided further that this repeal shall not be construed to affect anj suit or proceeding now pending, or causes of action now accrued or existing If any section, sub-section, paragraph, clause or phrase of this ordinance be held unconstitutional or invalid, it shall not affect the remaining portions of this ordinance, and the Council hereby declares that it would have passed the remaining portions of said ordinance notkithstanding the unconstitutionality or invalidity of any such section, sub-section, para- graph, clause or phrase of this ordinance Section 315 Emergency In the opinion of the City Council an emergency exists for the preservation of the public health, peace and safety and this ordinance snall take effect upon its passage and publication under and by virtue of the authorit3 contained it Sections 6 and 7 of Article I V of the City Charter 138 ti ► 0 .� s Introduced, read at length and adopted by the unanimous vote of all members of the City Council this day of December, A D 1924 Commissioner of 5e7ety and -Officio MaVr A TT:T City Clerk STATE OF COLORADO, ) SS COUNTY OF LARIMER ) I A J ROSENOW, City Clerk of the City of Fort Collins, do hereby certify and declare that the foregoing ordinance, con- sisting of Index and three hundred fifteen (315) sections was duly proposed and read,,,*t length at a regular meeting of the City Council held on the /3 — day of December, A D 1924, and was duly adopted and ordered published in the Fort Collins Express-Courier, a daily newspaper, by the unanimous vote of all the members of the City Council, as an emergencj ordinance, in accordance with the pro- visions of Sections 6 and 7 of Article �TV of the City Charter, and thereafter and on to-wit the day of December, A D 1924, said Ordinance No _10 was duly published in the Fort Collins Express-Courier, a daily newspaper published in the City of Fort Collins , Colorado IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here to set my hand and affixed the seal of said City, this W 6 day of December A D 1924 City Clerk