HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - Mail Packet - 2/10/2015 - Council Finance Committee & Ura Finance Committee Agenda - February 9, 2015Council Finance Committee & URA Finance Committee
Agenda Planning Calendar 2015
RVSD 02.05.15 tg
Feb. 9 TOPIC TIME WHO
CFC
Police Regional Training Facility 45 min J. Hutto
M. Beckstead
Climate Action Plan Financing 30 min J. Birks
Woodward 2014 Rebates
a. Woodward Rebate Review
b. Possible Executive Session on Woodward Rebates
20 min J. Ping-Small
Financial Comparative Data 15 min M. Beckstead
URA
Mar. 16 TOPIC TIME WHO
CFC
2014 Investment Returns & Investment Policy 15 min H. Hall
Utility Billing Transparency 30 min L.
Rosenkowski
Utility Plant Investment Fee 30 min L. Smith
URA Annual Reappropriation Ordinance 15 min M. Beckstead
Apr. 20 TOPIC TIME WHO
CFC
GERP Update John Voss
URA
May 18 TOPIC TIME WHO
CFC
Economic Health Policy 30 min J. Voss
J. Birks
URA 2014 URA Operational & Financial Update 30 min
J. Birks
T. Leeson
Future Council Finance Committee Topics:
• Review Special Improvement Districts
• Auditors Report
Future URA Committee Topics:
Finance Administration
215 N. Mason
2nd Floor
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6788
970.221.6782 - fax
fcgov.com
AGENDA
Council Finance & Audit Committee
February 9, 2015
10:00 a.m. to Noon
CIC Room – City Hall
Approval of the Minutes from the January 12, 2015 meeting
1. Police Regional Training Facility 45 minutes John Hutto
Mike Beckstead
2. Climate Action Plan Financing 30 minutes Josh Birks
3. Woodward 2014 Rebates 20 minutes Jessica Ping-Small
a. Woodward Rebate Review
b. Possible Executive Session on Woodward Rebates
4. Financial Comparative Data 15 minutes Mike Beckstead
Finance Administration
215 N. Mason Street
2nd Floor
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6788
970.221.6782 - fax
fcgov.com
Council Audit & Finance Committee
Minutes
01/12/15
10:00 a.m. to 12:00 Noon
CIC Room
Council Attendees: Ross Cunniff, Bob Overbeck, Mayor Karen Weitkunat
Staff: Darin Atteberry, Mike Beckstead, Josh Birks, Tauny Gilmore,
Bruce Hendee, Sam Houghteling, Jeff Mihelich, Lucinda
Smith, John Voss,
Others: Dale Adamy, Jason Licon-Airport, Kevin Jones-Chamber
Approval of Minutes
The December 15, 2014 minutes were amended to read that; the City should have funds set aside and
allocated for the Fossil Creek irrigation system should it become a catastrophic event.
The following sentence in the minutes was deleted; Ross said that, after the April election, the new
Council should have a say on how these revenues are spent.
Bob Overbeck motioned to approve the minutes; a second to the motion came from Mayor Weitkunat.
The amended minutes were approved unanimously.
Airport Financials
Jason Licon presented an overview of the Fort Collins/Loveland Airport financials providing the following
information:
• Airport Statistical Snapshot & Comparables with Airports in the Region
• Airport Funding & Its Financial Needs
• Airport Investment Summary 2004-2013
• Operations & Maintenance Revenue Sources & Expenditures
• Capital Revenue
• 2015 Budget Appropriation
The airport is a jointly owned and operated through the City of Fort Collins and the City of Loveland.
Operations at the airport include on-site training for three flight schools including helicopter training,
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local and transient general aviation, diverted flights, charters, corporate jets, military, fire, and medical
transfers.
The Fort Collins/Loveland airport receives revenue from federal and state grant monies, airport
generated revenue, plus contributions from both the City of Fort Collins and the City of Loveland.
Jason stated that starting in 2015 a reduction of revenue sources will impact the overall operation of the
airport, noting a portion of this significant reduction in federal grant dollars is from $1 million dollars
annually to $150,000 due to the declassification from a primary commercial service airport to a non-
primary commercial service airport.
Jason noted that all airports compete for dollars. Grants require a local match and must comply with
federal grant regulations. FAA grants are 90 percent with a funding match of 10 percent. State grants are
the same 90/10.
Airport generated funding can come from:
• Land and Building Leases
• Privately Owned Hangars
• Sales Tax and Fuel Flowage – a primary revenue source
Jason provided an overall summary of the total airport investment from 2004 – 2013.
$30,680,000 Total Airport Investment:
• 57% Federal Contributions
• 26% Airport Revenue
• 11% State Contributions
• 6% City Contributions
Jason Licon’s presentation illustrated the 2015 Operations & Maintenance budget which includes snow
removal, insurance, utilities, personnel, professional services, vehicle and equipment, maintenance, and
administrative. Jason noted that the maintenance costs went up in 2015 because they are doing some
of the work themselves, for example repairing crack seals.
• Operations & Maintenance Expenditures = $845,000
The Council Finance Committee asked if fuel purchasing contract negotiations is possible and
recommends having a dialogue about locking in fuel pricing when it is low, not only for the airport needs
but for fuel purchasing needs for the City of Fort Collins fleet. Can a purchasing contract be set for two
years at lower fuel rates?
Mike Beckstead stated he would like to have the Council Finance Committee have a conversation about
hedging and its complexity for clarification purposes.
Jason Licon stated that the largest capital project is the runways. He noted that they are currently in
good shape and have an estimated performance time of 20 years. He did state that the smaller taxi-
ways and pavement to the hangars are not included in this estimation. The airport needs to have
revenue for these paved areas from a capital project fund.
3
Ross Cunniff stated his concern for capital shortfall dollars.
Jason noted that most airport fees are already written into their contracts however; he is optimistic that
land leasing (example of a solar farm), generating more hangar space, and other opportunities can be
developed.
Jason outlined to the Council Finance Committee the 2015 budget appropriation which has a shared
amount of equal contribution totaling $355,000 from the City of Fort Collins and the City of Loveland.
Airport revenues and grants total $687,000.
Climate Action Plan – Macro Financials
Josh Birks stated that the premise of the Climate Action Plan is to develop necessary steps to reduce
community greenhouse gas emissions through an accelerated timeline, efficiently and cost effectively.
He noted today’s presentation to the Council Finance Committee would be an overview of the revised
draft Climate Action Plan Financing Guiding Principles, and to seek the committee’s comments and/or
suggestions. It was noted that on February 9th this committee will discuss in further detail, the
framework of the guiding principles, and to evaluate if there is sufficient information provided for City
Council consideration to discuss implementation and funding of the Plan at their February 17th meeting.
Josh provided a draft set of guiding principles for future City investments in Climate Action Plan
initiatives:
• No significant adverse impact on the City’s balance sheet
• No adverse impact on the City’s credit rating
• The City’s investment should catalyze investment in strategies by end-users and the third parties
• Internally the City’s priority is utility rate revenue before general fund revenue
Josh identified potential funding mechanisms which may support implementation:
• Business Financing/Private Sector/ Philanthropic
• Individuals/Household
• Government Financing/Grants
• City Revenue Sources/Utility
Josh outlined the financing needs and major outcome areas:
• Buildings
• Electric Supply
• Road to Zero Waste/Land Use
• Transportation
The strategy is to invest in energy efficiency business models that will address the needs of businesses
and individuals. The upfront investment has the capability to leverage a future return of savings.
Feedback and wordsmith editing of the Guiding Principles for the Climate Action Plan Financing
document was provided to Josh Birks from the Council Finance Committee:
4
• Mayor Weitkunat commented that she feels there are some missing key pieces that would
enhance the understanding of the information provided. This would enable us to keep moving
forward
• The Committee acknowledged that there is always assumptions and risk involved with projected
costs and savings that will change over the years ahead
• Discussion from the Council Finance Committee included the question of how much debt would
the City be willing to take on in their investment. How would borrowing impact/jeopardize the
City’s AAA rating
• Bob Overbeck asked for an outline of what a 25 year impact spreadsheet may look like. How
many point differentials is there between AAA and AA rating. Mike Beckstead will provide more
information
• Mayor Weitkunat would like to include information on different levels of government
investment i.e., federal, state, city
• What does the public Transit infrastructure investment look like
• Bob Overbeck asked what alternatives can be done now…recycling, etc.
• Mayor Weitkunat stated that it is very important to include the Platte River Modeling Analysis
Caveats. She would like this noted as related financial factors
• Transparency needs to be included
Josh Birks stated that he will incorporate updates, answers, case studies, and further strategies to the
Climate Action Plan Financing materials for review and discussion at the next Council Finance
Committee meeting on February 9th.
The Council Finance Committee noted that we are moving in the right direction.
Bruce Hendee wanted to publicly recognize the positive relationship between the City and Platte River
Power Authority. They have been a great partner.
Meeting Adjourned
COUNCIL FINANCE COMMITTEE
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
Staff: Chief Hutto – Police Chief
Cory Christensen – Deputy Chief
Mike Beckstead – CFO
Date: February 9, 2015
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION – Regional Training Facility Design and Financials
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In preparation for the February 12
th
joint Loveland and Fort Collins Council meeting, staff will
review the proposed Regional Training Campus layout, financing and O&M assumptions to
address and clarify council questions.
Staff is continuing to develop a reduced capital/phased alternative. This work is not complete for
this mailing however; staff will present the alternative on February 9
th
.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1 – Presentation
1
Police Training Facility
February 9, 2015
2 2
Aerial looking NW at Range Building
3 3
Aerial looking NW at Campus
4 4
Proposed Plan Diagram
5
Capital Required
5
• Source of Cash:
• Loveland - $6M CEF, $1.7M GF, $4.3M Tabor Reserve
• Fort Collins - $1M GF, $11.1M COP Debt
Anticipated Capital Spend Timing ($ millions)
2015 2016 2017 Total
Loveland $ 1.0 $ 4.0 $ 7.0 $ 12.0
Fort Collins 1.0 4.1 7.0 12.1
Total $ 2.0 $ 8.1 $ 14.0 $ 24.1
6
• Anticipated Borrowing - $11M
• Term - 20 years
• Interest Rate - 4%
• Annual Debt Service - $809k
• Anticipated Structure:
• Certificate of Participation
• Require pledge of another City Asset
• Considerations:
• Training facility not considered an essential service
• Facility on leased land
• Facility co-owned by two municipalities
• Complicated deal, but doable
Financing
6
7
Training Facility Summary Financials
7
• Year 1 is Track only, Range & Class rooms online Year 2
• Market/Demand Opportunity assumes additional $150 rental income
• Budget Savings within each department assumed to be transferred to facility
Training Facility Operating Costs ($ 000's)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Revenue
Class Charge to Outside User $ 73 $ 110 $ 114 $ 117 $ 121
Facility Rental 83 287 295 304 313
Total Revenue $ 156 $ 397 $ 409 $ 421 $ 434
Expenses
Personnel 25 302 312 322 332
Operations, Supplies, Maint 52 303 303 318 319
Capital Reserve 33 105 106 107 108
Total Expense $ 110 $ 710 $ 721 $ 748 $ 760
Training Facility Income/(Loss) $ 47 $ (314) $ (312) $ (327) $ (326)
Market/Demand Revenue Opportunity 148 153 157 162
Facility Income/(Loss) with Opportunity $ 47 $ (166) $ (159) $ (170) $ (164)
Budget Savings Loveland 59 61 63 64 66
Budget Savings Fort Collins 77 79 82 84 87
Net Facility Income/(Loss) $ 183 $ (25) $ (15) $ (21) $ (11)
8
Training Capacity Utilized
Training Prop
Segments
Capacity
Segments
Used
Segments
Rented % Used
Driving Pursuit Speed Track 576 67 111 31%
Driving Street Grid 576 139 109 43%
Driving Skid Pad 576 49 132 31%
K9 Training 576 60 10%
Scenario Village 576 245 43%
Pistol Range 576 315 67 66%
Rifle Range 576 306 66 65%
Sims / Shoot House 576 106 118 39%
Obstacle Course 576 65 11%
Mat Training Room 576 335 60 69%
Class Room 1728 1314 104 82%
• Training facility size driven by:
• Optimal training class size – instructor to student
• Optimal training scheduling impact on Police Services
• 20 year growth projections of Police Services
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Training Facility O&M Costs
O&M Expenditures Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Personnel - 3.25 FTEs $ 25 $ 302 $ 312 $ 322 $ 332
Utilities 7 97 100 103 107
Computers & Supplies 8 8 8 8
Instructional Supplies 5 5 5 5
Office/Audio/Tele Supplies 15 15 15 15
Range Maint & consumables 133 130 143 140
Track Maint & Consumable 45 45 45 45 45
Capital Reserve 33 105 106 107 108
Total Facility O&M $ 110 $ 710 $ 721 $ 748 $ 760
10 10
• Budget savings do not include productivity from reduced driving - $125k
• Opportunity - additional $150 per segment of rental
• Fort Collins budget impact driven by financing cost on $11M
Budget Impact
Training Facility Budget Impact ($ 000's)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Loveland Travel & Fee Savings $ 59 $ 61 $ 63 $ 64 $ 66
Fort Collins Travel & Fee Savings 77 79 82 84 87
Loveland Financing Cost $ -
Fort Collins Financing Cost - @ 4% 20 yrs (809) (809) (809) (809) (809)
Income/(Loss) w/o Opportunity - shared 33%/67% $ 47 $ (314) $ (312) $ (327) $ (326)
Income/(Loss) with Opportunity - shared 33%/67% 47 (166) (159) (170) (164)
Budget Impact - Loveland w/o Opportunity $ 74 $ (43) $ (41) $ (43) $ (41)
Budget Impact - Fort Collins w/o Opportunity (701) (940) (937) (944) (941)
Budget Impact - Loveland with Opportunity $ 74 $ 6 $ 10 $ 9 $ 12
Budget Impact - Fort Collins with Opportunity (701) (841) (835) (839) (833)
11
Alternative Comparison ($ millions)
Initial
Capital
20 Year
Additional
Operating
NPV of
Total
Cashflow
Regional Training w/o Rev Opportunity $ 24.1 $ 3.8 $ 26.3
Liberty Arms & Build Track 8.5 37.9 25.5
Adams County for All - 28.3 16.8
Alternatives
• Combined analysis for both Loveland & Fort Collins
• Adams County alternatives:
• Not practical given inability to schedule time in late 2014 & all of 2015
• Does not include lost productivity associated with travel time
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COUNCIL FINANCE COMMITTEE
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
Staff: Lucinda Smith, Environmental Services Department Director
Josh Birks, Economic Health Director
Date: February 9, 2015
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
Climate Action Plan – Macro Financials
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this work session is to present updated progress on the Climate Action Plan
(CAP) economic analysis. The CAP being developed for consideration at the February 17, 2015
City Council meeting will provide a high level framework plan. The framework plan will set Fort
Collins on the path to achieve reduction objectives that lead to carbon neutrality (a 100 percent
reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions) by 2050.
A key consideration in adopting the revised CAP is understanding potential economic impacts to
the community, as well as how to fund the strategies and tactics included in the plan.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. Does the committee feel that there is sufficient analysis to understand the premise that the
strategies identified in the CAP framework can deliver long-term savings?
2. Does the Committee have any feedback on potential financing mechanisms?
3. Is there additional information that the Committee believes should be addressed if future
work is undertaken to develop a CAP implementation plan for 2020?
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
Background
In April 2014, City Council initiated an effort to develop an updated Climate Action Plan (CAP)
that would outline the steps necessary to reduce community greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions:
20% below 2005 levels by 2020;
80% below 2005 by 2030; and
Carbon neutrality (a 100% reduction in net greenhouse gas emission) by the year 2050.
Summary of Strategies
With the help of the consulting team, the Climate Citizen Advisory Committee, and staff, a suite
of broad strategy areas for reducing greenhouse gas emissions was developed. Assumptions
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about the magnitude of emissions reduction potential in each strategy area was informed by best
practice research, and discussions with local and national experts.
The list of quantified strategies in the CAP framework is provided below, along with their
relative contribution to total GHG reduction. If implemented to reach the targets embedded in
the strategies, they would enable Fort Collins to nearly meet the GHG reduction objectives that
City Council requested to be studied.
Table 1. Draft CAP Feasibility Framework Strategies (Annual MTCO2e Reduced)
Net Costs and Benefits of the Draft Plan
The CAP framework analysis evaluates the aggregate costs of improvements identified in the
strategies and the resulting energy and fuel savings and estimates the net cumulative cost or
savings through the 2050 planning horizon. There are a variety of factors to consider in any
financial analysis, from what financial discount rate to use to accounting for uncertainty in future
costs and savings. These estimates should be viewed as preliminary.
Tables 1 through 3 below shows a range of costs and savings estimates, based on varying
discount rates and levels of uncertainty/risk as summarized below.
Table 1. Preliminary Cumulative Costs/Savings Estimates with 5% Discount, with Cost of
Carbon Applied
2020 2030 2040 2050
Emissions Reduction (% below 2005 baseline) 27% 72% 80% 86%
Cumulative Implementation Cost ($M) -$600 -$2,000 -$2,800 -$3,300
Cumulative Cost Savings ($M) $300 $1,800 $4,000 $6,300
Net Cumulative Cash Flow ($M) -$300 -$200 $1,200 $3,000
2020 2030 2040 2050
Buildings: Boosting Efficiency, Comfort and Health 169,000 280,000 415,000 365,000
Build in Efficiency From the Start
Make Existing Homes More Efficient
Increase Efficiency in the Institutional, Commeica, and Industrial Sector
Advanced Mobility: Making Transport Faster, More Convenient and Cleaner 31,000 113,000 154,000 182,000
Shift Land Use Patterns to Shorten Trips and Reduce the Need to Drive
Drive Adoption of MultiModal Transport
Accelerate Adoption of Fuel Efficient and Electric Vehicles
Energy Supply and Delivery: The Shift to Renewable Energy Resources 43,000 717,000 677,000 539,000
Increase Utility-Scale Renewable Energy Supply
Advance Residential and Commerical Solar Adoptiopn
Shift Heating Loads to Geothermal, Biofuels, Combined Heat & Power, Electification
Waste Reduction and Materials Regeneration 45,000 83,000 94,000 105,000
Road to Zero Waste
Carbon Sequestration
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MT CO2e) 289,000 1,193,000 1,340,000 1,191,000
Estimated Percent below basline year of 2005 27%+ 72%+ 80%+ 86%+
3
Table 2. Preliminary Cumulative Costs/Savings Estimates, 5% Discount, without Cost of
Carbon Applied
2020 2030 2040 2050
Emissions Reduction (% below 2005 baseline) 25% 70% 79% 86%
Cumulative Implementation Cost ($M) -$600 -$2,100 -$3,000 -$3,500
Cumulative Cost Savings ($M) $300 $1,700 $3,800 $6,000
Net Cumulative Cash Flow ($M) -$300 -$400 $800 $2,400
Table 3. Preliminary Cumulative Costs/Savings Estimates, adds 2.5% percent additional
risk factor (most conservative)
2020 2030 2040 2050
Emissions Reduction (% below 2005 baseline) 25% 70% 79% 86%
Cumulative Implementation Cost ($M) -$700 -$3,500 -$6,300 -$9,300
Cumulative Cost Savings ($M) $300 $2,500 $6,900 $13,600
Net Cumulative Cash Flow ($) -$400 -$1,000 $700 $4,300
Figure 1 below shows the annual cash flow and the net cumulative discounted costs/savings,
indicating that net costs shift to net savings just after 2030.
Figure 1. Preliminary Annual and Cumulative Cash Flow (5% discount, with cost of
carbon)
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Given the scale of estimated investment required by 2050, many wonder how the framework
described in this plan can generate net savings by 2050 of $ 2-4 billion by 2050.
There are three main components that drive these financial outcomes:
• The savings are estimated based on projected savings in energy fuel costs.
• The costs incurred through the plan are largely for up-front investments into
infrastructure and efficiency equipment, investments that generate significant on-going
savings from reduced fuel and energy use.
• Escalating fuel costs amplify the projected savings, because for various reasons, energy
costs less now than it will in the future.
Costs and Savings Estimates Caveats
The analysis underlying the CAP framework plan makes a good faith effort to estimate costs and
savings. There are, however, a number of uncertainties that should be acknowledged, including:
• Actual future energy costs may not follow the assumptions embedded in this analysis.
The assumptions are based on predictions made by the U.S. Energy Information
Administration.
Program and infrastructure cost estimates are based on recent averages and do not reflect
the continuing drop in prices as technologies come to scale (especially solar PV), and
may be over-estimated.
Some cost estimates were not included in this analysis because it is exceedingly difficult
to estimates costs with any level of confidence now, given rapid evolution of
technologies and market conditions.
The following costs are not estimated on the distribution side:
– Distribution system modeling
– Infrastructure enhancements costs
– Reliability sensitivity analysis
– Energy storage options
The following costs are not estimated on the generation system side:
– Stranded fixed costs for the existing systems, such as decommissioning of coal units/
fuel supply agreements
– New electric storage resources
The estimates do not include indirect benefits that can accrue from the proposed
strategies, including:
o Improved public heath resulting from more active modes of transportation
(walking and bicycling);
o Improved public health resulting from reductions in air pollution and emissions;
5
o Indirect economic and social benefits to the community through increased
resiliency to predicated climate change impacts (e.g., increased flooding);
o Job creation and resulting wages from Climate Action research and program
implementation;
o Indirect economic benefit to the community from increased investment in local
power generation (e.g., increased solar and distributed energy installation).
Questions Still to be Addressed
Some questions remain unclarified in the analysis underlying the current CAP framework
analysis. Two of those are regarding costs and savings estimates, discussed below.
Cost and Savings to individuals/households or businesses
Initially, staff anticipated being able to identify the costs and savings impacts of proposed
strategies to the individual actors (household, business, etc.) In the relatively limited time
available, it was not possible to make this assessment with any degree of accuracy because it
would have required making assumptions about how these programs would be financed over
time. Certain types of actions lend themselves to certain types of funding mechanisms.
Clarity on the costs and savings associated with utility scale electric generation mix
As requested by the City, Platte River has completed initial modeling under the IGA with the
City. This process has revealed the complex nature of interdependencies between the Platte
River modeled results and the CAP model. The results in this analysis represent a best
approximation of anticipated carbon reductions and cost implications. We believe the results are
directionally correct, but more work will need to be done in the future to more fully analyze
options and associated costs for making large-scale changes to the electric generating system.
Financing Opportunities
The CAP framework explores a range of innovative financing methods already being used by
other communities and businesses to address the near term investments required. A menu of
available and existing funding mechanisms is included in the Attachment 1 (not an exhaustive
list). Many of the available mechanisms achieve two essential goals: (a) spread the costs and
benefits over time, and (b) provide greater access to individuals and benefits. These financing
mechanisms can, in some cases, fundamentally change the flow of services and capital, represent
potential new revenue streams and service models, and alter the ways different parties can benefit from
the new goals.
The mechanisms fall into three main categories:
Individual and Business Financing – These mechanisms provide access to borrowing or funds
that individuals and businesses can use to make investments in energy efficiency, distributed
power, and other similar investments. In general, these financing mechanism aid individuals and
businesses in amortizing initial costs in improvements over time to reduce the upfront costs. In
some cases, the government, whether it is municipal, county, or state, can aggregate the
6
investments into a larger pool to reduce borrowing costs (e.g., On-bill financing, Property
Assessed Clean Energy Bonds or Tax Increment Financing).
Government Financing – These mechanisms involve the government borrowing funds, whether
it is municipal, county, or state, directly to support investments in utility scale energy efficiency,
solar rebates, transit infrastructure, and other similar investments. The intent is to use the
borrowing power of the government to accelerate adoption of key strategies, reduce risk to
private lenders of consumer lending programs, and make key investments in municipal
infrastructure (e.g., public transit) to support carbon reduction goals. In many cases, the
borrowing still requires a funding source to justify the debt which can range from the existing
revenues (e.g., taxes and/or fees) available to the government to new revenues (e.g., new taxes
and/or fees).
Other Sources of Funds – The last category captures a series of potential funding sources that do
not logically fall into the other two categories. These may include new governmental revenue
sources (e.g. User Fees, Development Exactions, and Public Benefit Funds) or donations from
private parties interested in furthering carbon reduction goals.
Financing Guiding Principles
At the January 12, 2015 Council Finance Committee meeting, members provided comments on
the draft CAP Financing Guiding Principles. These guiding principles provide a set of boundary
conditions for the implementation of the plan with the goal of mitigation a portion of the risk
inherent with the unknowns of a framework plan. Over time these qualitative statements could be
translated into quantitative statements about. For example, the principles may eventually include
specifics relative to the amount of debt the City would be willing to incur to support the carbon
reduction goals. The updated draft of the Guiding Principles can be found in Attachment 2.
Financial Checks and Balances
There are a number of key checks and balances in the processes needed to implement CAP
strategies that should serve to ensure that costs of future actions remain commensurate with
community values.
1) Financing Guiding Principles - A set of guiding principles for investment is being
developed as part of the framework plan. These guiding principles provide a set of
boundary conditions for the implementation of the plan with the goal of mitigation a
portion of the risk inherent with the unknowns of a framework plan.
2) City Council Review and Vetting of Individual Strategies - Any CAP strategy or program
that requires City Council action will need to be independently designed to the
operational level then discussed and vetted before Council consideration.
3) City Budget process - The City’s biennial budget process allocates City budget in a
balanced way that considers a range of strategic objectives and community needs, and
prioritizes decision accordingly.
4) CAP Update Process - The CAP itself will need to be reviewed periodically (at least
every five years) to ensure that the latest technological innovations are being considered.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Draft CAP Financing Guiding Principles
2. Overview of Financing Mechanisms
3. Cost of Carbon
4. Staff Presentation
Council Finance Committee - January 12, 2015
1
Climate Action Plan:
Financing Overview
Direction Sought
2
1. Does the committee have
comments/suggestions on the draft Climate
Action Plan Financing Guiding Principles?
2. Does the committee feel that there is
sufficient analysis to answer the question
“Can the CAP be funded?” What additional
information, if any, would be help to City
Council and the committee in answering this
question?
3
Scenario 1
2020 2030 2040 2050
% below 2005
baseline 25% 75% 86% 92%
Net Cumulative
Costs/Savings
$292M
cost $388 savings
$2.8B
Savings $7B Savings
Avg. monthly
cost/savings
per resident
$28 cost $13 savings $56 savings $98 savings
4
- Includes Cost of Carbon for all fuels
- Includes 2.5% discount rate
Scenario 1
*
*Does not indicate the
cash flow impact to
households or businesses
5
Financing Overview
• Primary Challenge:
– Analysis shows savings from the proposed scenario
between 2030 and 2040; continuing to 2050
– Financing can be used to access those savings to spread
out the initial incremental costs; reducing the impact
• Three Broad Financing Mechanism Categories:
– Individual/Business
– Government
– Other
• All approaches (excluding philanthropy and grants) require an
entity to take on debt and use anticipated savings to repay
Guiding Principals – City/Utility
• No significant adverse impact on the City’s balance
sheet
• No adverse impact on the City’s credit rating
• The City’s investment should catalyze investment in
strategies by end-users and the third parties
• Internally the City’s priority is utility rate revenue
before general fund revenue
6
Guiding Principals – Consumer
• Access to affordable energy and value-added
services.
• Feel happy and confident in the results of services
provided.
• Experience a streamlined purchase process.
• Experience enhanced customer service.
• An understanding of benefits versus costs that allows
each user to make their own determination of value.
7
8
Borrower
Category Financing Mechanism Likely Borrower Capital Providers Comments
Individuals
and
Business
Financing
Savings This can be both revenue and financing
Traditional bank loan
or consumer lending
(CCs)
Fort Collins Citizen Banks or finance
companies
Not necessarily the best at doing this kind of financing
Mortgage/Home
Equity
Fort Collins Citizen Banks or finance
companies
New build will rely on this significantly
Purchase Power
Agreements
Fort Collins Citizens Third party developers They raise their own capital
Energy Efficiency
Loans
Fort Collins Citizen Utility, banks or finance
companies
Often private market, 2013 saw successful secondary
market in Pennsylvania, subsidized loans typically $4-
5K to consumers
MEETS Small/Mid
Commercial
ESCOs They raise their own capital
On-bill Financing
(PPP)
Fort Collins Citizen Utility reserves and
third party investors
Attracts private capital when combined with some
form of public credit enhancement
Property Assessed
Clean Energy
State then County
authorized-
Municipal opt-in
Institutional investors In place in Colorado for both Residential and
Commercial. Property attached county backed
financing (low cost to municipality, affects debt)
Tax Increment
Financing (PPP)
Municipality (to
lend to developers)
Municipal bond
investors
Need to designate certain geographies as special
districts to qualify
Linked Deposit Fort Collins Citizens CRA Bank Resources Below market rate investing
9
Financing Mechanism Likely Borrower Capital Providers Comments
Government
Financing
General Obligation Municipal Municipal bond
investors
Can be a part of a General Obligation bond that also
funds other items, typically passed by voters
Green Bonds State/
Municipal/Compan
ies
Government and or
private sector investors
Could be used to raise funds to back other loan
programs. Private companies also issue green bonds.
QECBs State(to
Municipalities)
Federal government
and institutional
investors
Low interest specifically targeted federally backed
bond that can fund Energy Efficiency loans etc.
(typically $500,000 at the state level)
Social Impact Bonds Municipal Used for social purpose, e.g. Denver's for
homelessness
Loan Loss Reserve
Fund (PPP)
Municipal City funds – General
Obligation Bonds if
necessary,
Philanthropy,
Government Grants
Typically 10% of a Loan program backed by City
expands options in market for "riskier" loans.
Debt Service reserves
(PPP)
Municipal City funds – – General
Obligation Bonds if
necessary
Public Sector risk mitigation fund (typically 10% of
projects/funds)
Loan Guarantees
(PPP)
Federal/State to
Municipal
City funds – – General
Obligation Bonds if
necessary
Risky for public agency
Pooled bond
financing
Regional Working with other municipalities to get better rates/
more capital. Contribute towards shared debt service
reserve of 5% of the principal.
10
Financing Mechanism Likely Borrower Capital Providers Comments
City
Revenue
Sources
Philanthropic N/A unless PRIs or
MRIs
Foundations PRIs, Foundations, Smart Growth Funds, etc. Leverage
STAR
User Fees Do not have to
securitize
Collected via special districts, tolls, etc. Other financing
mechanisms listed would securitize these (Gos, Green
Bonds)
Development
Exactions
Do not have to
securitize
Fees charged to developers. Other financing
mechanisms listed would securitize these (Gos, Green
Bonds). Do not necessarily need to securitize.
Utility
Government Grants Department Of Energy,
State of Colorado,
Housing and Urban
Development, etc.
Public Benefit Funds Surcharge on Utility bills; would need structure and
authorization. Can then be secured in the market if
necessary.
11
What needs to be paid for?
• Individuals/Businesses
– Energy Efficiency Measures (existing buildings)
– New Energy Efficiency Standards (new buildings)
– Cost of Electricity
– Distributed Solar
– Individual Electric Vehicles
and Charging Infrastructure
12
What needs to be paid for?
• Government
– Efficiency Programs – to encourage adoption of new measures
– Solar Rebates
– Upgrades/improvements to the local distribution system to handle
distributed/renewable energy loads
– Public Transit Infrastructure
– Community Charging Infrastructure – especially on the local electric
distribution system
– Involvement in Lending Programs for Individuals/Businesses (Public Private
Partnership)
• Private Third Parties
– Lending Program Costs (e.g., underwriting, defaults, marketing, etc.)
Next Month’s Discussion
Potential Items for next month’s discussion:
• Refinement of the Analysis
– Greater detail on cost impacts
– Refined breakout of costs and benefits by outcome
area
• Financial Deep Dives – Case Studies of Other
Communities and Financing Mechanisms
• Potential Capacity of Financing Mechanisms
compared to need for financing
13
Direction Sought
14
1. Does the committee have
comments/suggestions on the draft Climate
Action Plan Financing Guiding Principles?
2. Does the committee feel that there is
sufficient analysis to answer the question
“Can the CAP be funded?” What additional
information, if any, would be help to City
Council and the committee in answering this
question?
ATTACHMENT #1
D R A F T
Guiding Principles for Climate Action Plan Financing
February 3, 2015
City of Fort Collins:
1. No significant adverse impact on the City’s balance sheet
2. No adverse impact on the City’s credit rating
3. The City’s investment should catalyze investment in strategies by end-users and the third parties
4. Internally the City’s priority is utility rate revenue before general fund revenue
Platte River Power Authority
1. Maintain Minimum Energy Reserve Margin of 15 percent
2. Achieve Renewables of 20 percent by 2020
3. Maintain Competitive Rates (Platte River should remain the lowest cost wholesale power
provider located in Colorado)
4. Achieve CO2 Reduction of 20 percent by 2020, 35 percent by 2030, and 80 percent by 2050
Consumers / End Users
1. Access to affordable energy and value-added services.
2. Confidence in the energy efficiency results of services provided.
3. Experience a streamlined purchase process.
4. Experience enhanced customer service.
5. An understanding of benefits versus costs that allows each user to make their own
determination of value.
Businesses / End Users
1. Access to information and assistance to select the right investments.
2. Minimal impact to business operations.
3. Access to capital funds that do not negatively impact their own balance sheet.
4. Experience a streamlined purchase process.
5. Experience enhanced customer service.
6. Opportunities to partner with third parties to improve energy efficiency and reduce on-going
costs.
Private/Third Party Sources of Capital
1. Earn returns commensurate with level of risk assumed.
2. Recognition of the key role of capital providers in the implementation of the CAP.
3. Transparency in expectations of capital providers.
4. Recognition of the fixed costs associated with establishing financing programs, and the key role
of scale in reducing the cost of capital.
5. Ensure that public sector commitments, if any, to support or scale programs are honored.
6. Cooperation on the part of local stakeholders to help address any barriers to the provision of
capital or its timely repayment
Attachment 2 – Overview of Funding Mechanisms
Borrower
Category
Financing
Mechanism How it Works Examples Comments
Individuals
and
Business
Financing
Traditional
Borrowing
Customer applies for loan
from traditional source;
underwriting determines
borrowing amount
Bank loan, Consumer
lending (Credit Cards),
Mortgage/Home
Equity Loans
Require borrower to have capacity to
borrow, reasonable credit rating,
and/or collateral
Savings Dependent
Financing
Customer applies for a loan
with projected energy
savings as the collateral;
savings determine
borrowing amount
Energy Efficiency
Loans, MEETS, On-Bill
Financing
Can be delivered by either the
private market or through a utility
(publicly or privately owned)
Government
Financing
Direct Borrowing Governmental entity uses
existing revenue, new
revenue, or other collateral
to borrow funds
General Obligation
Bonds, Green Bonds,
QCEBs, Social Impact
Bonds, Pooled Bond
Financing
The governmental entity is on the
hook to repay borrowed funds; can
relend funds to individual users or
use the proceeds for governmental
costs
Public Private
Partnership
Governmental entity uses
funds to enhance the credit
rating of a private lender
Loan Loss Reserves,
Debt Service Reserves,
Loan Guarantees
Government uses its funds (from any
Attachment 3. “Cost of Carbon”
As used in the CAP modeling the “Cost of Carbon” is defined as an anticipated future cost that
would be added to the price of greenhouse gas-emitting activities such as the burning of fossil
fuel. This is in alignment with the IPCC’s fairly broad definition of carbon price (IPCC
Glossary, 2007), as “Carbon price” What has to be paid to some public authority as a tax rate,
or on some emission permit exchange for the emission of 1 metric tonne of CO2 into the
atmosphere.”
In the CAP model, the $/MTCO2 for electricity is provided by Platte River Power Authority
through its consultant, Pace Global, shown as the black line in Figure 2 below
Figure 1. Cost of Carbon for Electricy Emissions Used in the CAP Model
For natural gas and transportation fuels, the CAP model applies a static $25/ MTCO2 emitted.
February 9, 2015
COUNCIL FINANCE COMMITTEE
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
Staff: Jessica Ping-Small, Revenue and Project Manager
Mike Beckstead, Chief Financial Officer,
Date: February 9, 2015
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
Appropriating General Fund Revenue for the purpose of rebating Development Fees, Capital
Improvement Expansion Fees and Use Tax to Woodward, Inc., in support of their expansion at
the corner of Lincoln Avenue and Lemay Avenue.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This discussion is in preparation of the upcoming ordinance to appropriate approximately
$2,113,851.99 of General Revenue Funds for a rebate of Development Fees, Capital
Improvement Expansion Fees and Use Tax approved by City Council on April 2, 2013
(Ordinance 055, 2013); Vote: 6-1; Nay: Ohlson). The ordinance approved an agreement between
the City, Downtown Development Authority (DDA), and Woodward, Inc. The agreement
provides Business Investment Assistance for the relocation of Woodward’s headquarters as well
as an expansion of their manufacturing and office facilities to a new location at the corner of
Lincoln Avenue and Lemay Avenue. The project will retain or create between 1,400 and 1,700
primary jobs in the City. The City’s assistance includes a rebate of Use Tax, Development Fees,
and Capital Improvement Fees.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
N/A
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
Agreement Summary
On April 2, 2013, City Council passed an ordinance (Ordinance 055, 2013; Vote: 6-1; Nay:
Ohlson) approving an Economic Development Project Agreement (“Agreement”) between the
City, the DDA, and Woodward, Inc.
The agreement specifies Woodward is eligible for a rebate in three areas:
• Use Tax on Construction Materials and Eligible Equipment (up to 80%)
• Development Fees (100%)
• Capital Improvement Fees (up to 50%)
February 9, 2015
Use Tax
Woodward plans to invest approximately $169.1 million in new buildings and $50.5 million in
new equipment as part of the Project. As outlined in the Agreement, City Council will rebate 80
percent of the use tax collected in connection with these investments.
The use tax rebate on both Construction Materials and Eligible Equipment go beyond the general
fund portion of the use tax rate. As a result, the general fund must bear the additional cost of the
rebate to avoid impacting revenue associated with the dedicated use tax (e.g., Open Space, Street
Maintenance, Building on Basics, and Keep Fort Collins Great). This additional cost will be
backfilled from the revenue generated by indirect and induced economic impacts to the
community.
Development Fees
As stated in the agreement, City Council will rebate 100 percent of the applicable Development
Review Fees (e.g., Plan Check, and Base Building Permit Fee).
Capital Improvement Fees
As part of the Agreement, City Council will rebate 50 percent of the applicable Capital
Expansion, Street Oversizing and Utility Plant Investment fees due for the Project
. These fees are collected to offset the cost each new project imposes on the capital infrastructure
within the City. As a result, the cost of the rebate must be backfilled from the revenue generated
by indirect and induced economic impacts to the community. The backfilled revenue will make
each capital fund whole.
Employment Level Requirements
The three rebate categories were offered with the stipulation that employment levels must reach
or exceed 1,400 employees within the City by December 31, 2018.
• If a rebate request is made prior to December 31, 2018, the City will withhold 40% of the
rebate until set employment levels have been met.
• If the target employment level is reached after December 31, 2018 but before December
31, 2020, Woodward will receive the retained 40 percent less $500,000 (combined
between use tax and development fee rebates).
• Woodward will not be entitled to the remaining 40 percent if the target level is not
reached by December 31, 2020.
Rebate Summary
Rebate Schedule as agreed upon with Woodward
February 9, 2015
• Two applications per year
• Application 1 includes:
• January through June Development Review and Capital Improvement Fees
• Application 2 includes:
• June through December Development Review and Capital Improvement Fees
• January through December Use Tax
Key Stipulations
• Of the rebate amounts eligible, 40% will be withheld dependent on Woodward reaching
the 1,400 employee mark by 12/31/18.
• Use tax and Capital Expansion fees include a backfill requirement by the General Fund
which will be accounted for at the time of appropriation.
• 100% of the Capital Improvement Fee and Utility Plant Investment Fee rebate
will be backfilled by the General Fund
• 100% of the dedicated taxes will be backfilled by the General Fund
• .25% Natural Areas
• .25% Streets and Transportation
• .25% Building on Basics Projects
• .85% Keep Fort Collins Great
• Rebate funds will be appropriated by City Council biannually as part of the rebate
process.
Current Rebate Due for Period July 1, 2014 – December 31, 2014
Total estimated rebate due of $2,113,851.
*Use Tax Rebate only paid once per year.
ATTACHMENTS
Power Point Presentation
1
Woodward Rebate
Council Finance Committee
February 9, 2015
2
Woodward Rebate Summary
• Rebates Allowed Per the Agreement
Use Tax on Construction Materials and Eligible Equipment
(80%) –
Development Fees (100%)
Capital Improvement Fees & Utility PIFs (50%) Not Eligible –
County use tax, mailings, etc.
• Rebates Schedule as agreed upon w/Woodward
2 applications per year
Application 1 – Covers January - June
Includes Development Review and Capital Improvement
Fees
Application 2 Includes:
June-December – Dev. Review and Cap. Imp. Fees
January-December – Use Tax
3
Woodward Rebate Summary
• Key Stipulations
Of the rebate amounts eligible, 40% will be
withheld in escrow dependent on Woodward
reaching the 1,400 employee mark by 12/31/18
Use tax and Capital Expansion fees include a
backfill requirement by the General Fund
Accounted for at time of appropriation
Rebate funds will be appropriated by City Council
biannually as part of the rebate process
4
Estimated Current Rebate Due
For Period July 1, 2014 – December 31, 2014
• Total Estimate Due: $2,113,851
• On City Council Agenda – March/April
Rebate Payment
(7/1/14-12/31/14)
Development
Fees
100%
CIE Fees
50%
Utility
PIF
50%
Use Tax
80%*
Not
Eligible
for Rebate
Total
Total Fees Collected $493,274
730,608 $2,278,457 $1,906,599 $295,452 $5,704,391
Rebate Owed 493,274 365,304 1,139,228 1,525,279 N/A 3,523,086
Rebate Eligible for
Payment - 60% 295,964 219,182 683,537 915,167 N/A 2,113,851
Rebate Holdback- 40% 197,309 146,121 455,691 610,111 N/A 1,409,234
Backfill
Requirement** 0.00 365,304 1,139,228 632,063 N/A 2,136,596
*Use Tax Rebate only paid once per year - $1.9M reflects 12 months of fees collected
** Backfill Requirement based on full Rebate Owed
5
Project To Date
First Rebate Payment
(1/1/13-12/31/14)
Development
Fees
100%
CIE Fees
50%
Utility
PIF
50%
Use Tax
80%
Not
Eligible
for Rebate
Total
Total Fees Collected $640,512 $730,608 $2,278,457 $1,906,599 $297,551 $5,853,729
Rebate Owed 640,512 365,304 1,139,228 1,525,279 N/A 3,670,325
Rebate Eligible for
Payment - 60% 384,307 219,182 683,537 915,167 N/A 2,202,195
Rebate Holdback- 40% 256,205 146,121 455,691 610,111 N/A 1,468,130
Backfill Requirement 0.00 365,304 1,139,228 632,063 N/A 2,136,596
COUNCIL FINANCE COMMITTEE
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
Staff: Mike Beckstead, CFO
Date: 9 February 2015
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION –
RubinBrown – Public Sector Financial Ratios
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
RubinBrown LLP, an accounting/services group with a substantial practice in the Denver,
Kansas City and St. Louis regions, annually reviews the CAFR and audited financial statements
of municipalities with populations greater than 5,000.
Financial ratios are aggregated for each region into Quartiles and Average allowing each
municipality to assess by ratio their comparative position within the region.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
Share Information only
BACKGROUND/
ATTACHMENTS
1) RubinBrown ’14 Public Sector Stats
2) Denver Region summary with Fort Collins highlighted
3) Presentation
1
Front Range
Financial Comparison
February 9, 2015
2 2
• Financial Public Sector analysis by RubinBrown LLP
• Contacted in early 2014 to provide FC financial information
• 8th Survey conducted by RubinBrown
• Information collected from 32 front range communities
• Denver excluded
• Data from Comprehensive Annual Financial Report or Audited Financials
• Average population of Cities included – 76,000
• 18 Financial Ratios presented as Quartiles & Average
• Charts attached show Fort Collins in Blue
Overview
3 3
• Arvada
• Aurora
• Boulder
• Brighton
• Broomfield
• Canon City
• Castle Rock
• Centennial
• Cherry Hills
• Colorado Springs
Colorado Cities Included
• Englewood
• Erie
• Evans
• Fort Collins
• Fountain
• Golden
• Greeley
• Greenwood Village
• Lafayette
• Lakewood
• Littleton
• Lone Tree
• Longmont
• Louisville
• Loveland
• Northglenn
• Parker
• Thorton
• Westminster
• Wheat Ridge
• Windsor
4
General / Liquidity / Debt Ratios
4
Fort Collins =
1st Break 2nd Med 3rd Break 4th
GOVERNMENT-WIDE RATIOS
General Ratios
Change in net position as a percent of net
assets (%) 7.2% 5.6% 2.9% 0.8%
Revenue coverage ratio (times) 1.27 1.17 1.10 1.02
Unrestricted net position as a percent of
total current year revenue (%) 73.0% 58.1% 41.1% 30.4%
Accumulated depreciation as a percent of
depreciable capital assets (%) 36.8% 43.1% 43.2% 48.6%
Liquidity Ratio
Liquidity ratio (times) 4.12 3.37 2.69 1.77
Debt Ratios
Debt to assets leverage ratio (times) 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.12
Total debt per capita ($ per citizen) $193 $442 $969
Quartile
5
Revenue & Expense Ratios
5
Fort Collins =
1st Break 2nd Med 3rd Break 4th
GOVERNMENT-WIDE RATIOS
Quartile
Revenue Ratios
Tax revenues per capita ($ per citizen) $ 656 $ 811 $ 886 $ 1,095
Total grants, contributions and
intergovernmental revenues as a percent of
total revenues (%) 10.9% 14.7% 19.2% 31.9%
Government-wide Expense Ratios
Total expenses per capita ($ per citizen) $ 923 $ 1,100 $ 1,298 $ 1,462
Total general government (administration)
expenses per capita ($ per citizen) $ 153 $ 227 $ 265 $ 298
Total public safety expenses per capita
($ per citizen) $ 243 $ 345 $ 374 $ 469
Total interest expenses per capita
($ per citizen) $ 4.88 $ 9.29 $ 15.77 $ 47.41
6
Financial Position Ratios
6
Fort Collins =
1st Break 2nd Med 3rd Break 4th
GOVERNMENT-WIDE RATIOS
Quartile
GOVERNMENTAL FUND RATIOS
Expenditure Ratios
Debt service expenditures as a percent of
total revenues (%) 2.3% 2.6% 6.0% 8.9%
Capital outlay expenditures as a percent of
total expenditures (%) 23.8% 18.9% 13.6% 8.0%
GENERAL FUND RATIOS
Financial Position Ratio
Unrestricted fund balance as a percent of
total revenues (%) 48.6% 32.8% 24.9% 15.7%
Revenue Ratios
Intergovernmental revenue as a percent of
total revenue (%) 3.6% 6.5% 9.4% 9.9%
Transfers in as a percent of total revenues
and transfers in (%) 0.1% 1.8% 5.0%
7
• Fort Collins ranked within the 1st
Quartile in:
• Change in net position as % of net assets
• Revenue coverage
• Debt service as % of total revenues
• Capital outlays as % of total expenditures – MAX influenced
• Fort Collins ranked within the 2nd
Quartile in:
• Unrestricted net position as % of current revenue
• Accumulated depreciation as % of depreciable assets
• Liquidity
• Debt to assets
• Interest expense per capita
Interpretation
7
• Conservative use of debt influenced many ratios
• Recovering economy in 2013 improved net position and revenue
• MAX grants and capital spending influenced several ratios
8
• Fort Collins ranked in the 3rd
and 4th
Quartile in:
• Tax revenues per capita
• Total grants & intergovernmental as % of total revenue – MAX
• Total expenses per capita
• Total general government expenses per capita
• Total public safety expenses per capita
• Unrestricted fund balance as % total revenues
• Intergovernmental revenue as % of total revenue - MAX
Interpretation
8
• FC ranked high on several ratios associated with revenues and
spending per capita
• Indicates citizens willingness to fund desired levels of service
• MAX influenced on intergovernmental revenue in 2013
number of sources) to mitigate the
risk to a private lender; enables
greater capital access for the
community and broader rate of
utilization (wider credit scores and
underwriting practices)
Other
Philanthropic A foundation provides
funding to achieve a specific
purpose
PRIs, Foundations,
Smart Growth Funds,
etc. Leverage STAR
Often tied to a very specific project
or objective; depends on the
foundation or donor
Government
Grants
A governmental entity
provides grant monies to
achieve a specific objective
Department Of Energy,
State of Colorado,
Housing and Urban
Development, etc.
Competitive funding source with no
guarantee of award; amount
depends on governmental entity and
purpose