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AGENDA
Council Finance & Audit Committee Zoom Meeting
May 4, 2023
4:00 - 6:00 pm
Zoom Meeting https://zoom.us/j/8140111859
Approval of Minutes from the April 6, 2023, Council Finance Committee meeting.
1.Encampment Clean-up R. Venkatesh
M. Yoder
Presentation: 15 mins.
Discussion: 20 mins.
2. Auditor RFP Process B. Dunn
Presentation: 10 mins.
Discussion: 20 mins.
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Council Finance Committee
2023 Agenda Planning Calendar
RVSD 4/26/23 ts
May 4th 2023
Encampment Clean-up 35 min R. Venkatesh
M. Yoder
Auditor RFP Process 30 min B. Dunn
June 1st 2023
Sustainable Timberline Recycling Center TBD M. Saylor
Opioid Settlement 30 min J. Hueser
B. Dunn
July 6th 2023
Rental Registration – Property Remediation Financing 45 min C. Champine
M. Yoder
Utility Customer Information System 30 min L. Smith
G. Stanford
August
7th or 16th
2023
Auditor Firm Interviews B. Dunn
September 7th
Annual Adjustment Ordinance (20 mins. L. Pollack)
2024 Budget Revisions (45 mins. L. Pollack
October – Grocery Tax Rebate – J. Poznanovic
November / December 2023 / January 2024
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Rate Forecasts for the 2025-26 BFO Cycle, Associated Capital Improvement Plans &
Anticipated Debt Needs (L. Smith)
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Finance Administration
215 N. Mason
2nd Floor
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6788
970.221.6782 - fax
fcgov.com
Council Finance Committee Hybrid Meeting
April 6, 2023
222 Colorado River Room / Zoom
Council Attendees: Mayor Arndt, Julie Pignataro, Emily Francis, Kelly Ohlson, Shirley Peel,
Susan Gutowsky
Staff: Kelly DiMartino, Travis Storin, Tyler Marr, Rupa Venkatesh, John Duval,
Teresa, Roche, Kelley Vodden, Ginny Sawyer Nina Bodenhamer, Blaine Dunn,
Jo Cech, Randy Bailey, Renee Callas, Logan Bailor, Jen Poznanovic,
Lawrence Pollack, Charles McNamee, Christina Taylor, Kendall Minor,
Lance Smith, John Phelan, Josh Birks, Beth Yonce, Meaghan Overton,
SeonAh Kendall, Katie Geiger, Caryn Champine, Monica Martinez,
Spencer Smith, Drew Brooks, Victoria Shaw, Dave Lenz, Kerri Ishmael,
Zack Mozer, Erik Martin, Adam Molzer, LeAnn Williams, Honore Depew,
Javier Echeverria Diaz, Jill Wuertz, Carolyn Koontz
Others: Kevin Jones, Chamber
Molly Bohannon, Coloradoan
Mark Houdashelt
______________________________________________________________________________
Meeting called to order at 4:00 pm
Approval of minutes from the March 2, 2023, Council Finance Committee Meeting. Emily Francis moved for
approval of the minutes as presented. Kelly Ohlson seconded the motion. The minutes were approved unanimously
via roll call by; Julie Pignataro, Kelly Ohlson and Emily Francis.
A. West Elizabeth Appropriation Request
Spencer Smith, P.E., Engineering – Special Projects Engineer
Monica Martinez, Planning Development & Transportation Finance Manager
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The West Elizabeth travel corridor is currently the highest priority pedestrian/alternative mode area for
improvement in the City and was highlighted in City Plan and the Transit Master Plan. The City was awarded a
$1,232,248 Multi-Modal Options Funding (MMOF) grant from the North Front Range Metropolitan Planning
Organization (NFRMPO) for the final design of the project. The grant award requires a 50% local match of
$1,232,248. Colorado State University (CSU) has committed to funding 50% of the local match requirement and
has appropriated $616,124 for that purpose. The City will be required to contribute 50% of the local match funds
as well as the local overmatch funds. The City’s financial commitment to the final design will be $616,124 in
local funds and $35,504 in local overmatch funds for a total of $651,628 to complete the $2.5M final design.
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GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
Is Council Finance supportive of an out of cycle supplemental appropriation for the Multi-Modal Options Fund
(MMOF) and required local match to complete Final design for West Elizabeth Corridor?
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
MMOF Background
In August 2022, the NFRMPO awarded the City with a MMOF grant for the final design of the West Elizabeth
Corridor project.
The approved funding breakdown is as follows:
• MMOF grant $1,232,248
• Local Match (City/CSU) $1,232,248
• Local Overmatch (City) $35,504
• Total $2,500,000
The total local match requested from the City is $651,628. Funds from the Transportation Capital Expansion Fee
(TCEF) and unanticipated revenue from Transfort will be used in equal amounts to support this supplemental
appropriation request ($325,814 each).
West Elizabeth Corridor Background
The West Elizabeth Corridor is currently the most productive transit area and one of the highest pedestrian use
areas within the City.
• It has more passengers per revenue hour than Max and there are often times where “trailer” buses are
required in order to accommodate all the passengers.
• Most passengers are going to/from CSU. This includes CSU’s foothills campus which is harder for Transit
to access due to the limited ability to turn buses around at Overland Trail.
• Bike/ped count data show extremely high usage and potential for modal conflict at the major
intersection of W. Elizabeth and City Park Ave.
The design along this corridor is expected to allow for safer travel for all modes and a more direct route for
buses which will include a turnaround at the end of Elizabeth which could help lead to some route consolidation.
Due to the many factors and current condition of this corridor, it is one of the top priority areas for
improvement within the City and has specifically been highlighted in the Transit Master Plan as the highest
priority project.
West Elizabeth Corridor Project Status
• 30% Design - Completed (Summer 2022)
• Final Design – Summer 2023 to Summer 2024 (pending this appropriation of local match funds)
• RAISE grant – Submitted (February 2023)
o Foothills Transit Center and Roundabout at Overland/Elizabeth
o $10.7M requested
• Small Starts grant
o Project Rating submittal (tentative) – Fall 2023
Staff is recommending appropriation of the City’s final design local match and overmatch for several reasons:
• The project funds are highly leveraged in that CSU is contributing $616,124 to the project.
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• Having a completed final design and this project at a “shovel ready” status could help secure construction
funding.
• In line with guiding themes and principles of the City Strategic Plan:
o Multimodal Transportation & Public Transit
o Equity, Inclusion and Diversity
o Environmental Sustainability
DISCUSSION / NEXT STEPS
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
Is Council Finance supportive of an out of cycle supplemental appropriation for the Multi-Modal Options Fund
(MMOF) and required local match to complete Final design for West Elizabeth Corridor?
Kelly Ohlson; can you define Transit Center?
Drew Brooks; it will be a bit smaller – we are referring to it as more of a station instead of a center – it will
include restrooms and six bays for buses to pull in and out of. Will be smaller because there won’t be as many
routes that connect to it.
Kelly Ohlson; will CSU be contributing their fair share to the ongoing costs?
Drew Brooks; that is the plan – we are still having those discussions – we don’t yet have the complete numbers
as far as what those operating costs will be because we are going to be combining some routes. When we have
those estimates, we will have negotiations with CSU.
Kelly Ohlson; Is the $20M for construction our share?
Spencer Smith; that amount is based on the Small Starts grants so it would be a 80/20 split. The local match
would be 20% of the project costs.
Tyler Marr; that is another point of discussion that we are yet to have with CSU around what that local match
looks like. A lot of us view that $20M collectively as a minimum. We are seeing a lot of Small Starts projects
that are taking 30 - 40% match to be competitive. The goal will be a fair share split with CSU.
Kelly Ohlson; this is a lot of money – if this is a priority project - What would be one example of where we could
come up with our portion after agreement with CSU? (let’s say $15M)
Travis Storin; when we get past 100% design, the sustainable funding would be sort of Plan A to fund the capital
project. Beyond that, we might look to the ¼ cent renewal on capital projects. Due to its size, it is not an ideal
candidate for debt financing. This is a very different project from the Mason Station which was $86M – all of the
city’s match was in kind contributions of land and right of way. This is a project where we are going to have to
be producing cash for the local match. That is a major risk. We do know there are a lot of grant dollars out
there that are going to be available for us to leverage, but for the local match portion and in order to meet
the requirements of the grants, this would be a top priority for the sustainable funding conversation for Transit.
Kelly Ohlson; I am not used to the phrase ‘Transfort unanticipated revenue’. Where did we get unanticipated
Transfort revenue?
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Travis Storin; the phrasing comes from our Charter, where any appropriation that is done outside of the annual
budget cycle must be attached to either reserves or to unanticipated revenue (which is anything that was not in
the budget). Transfort ended 2022 in a deficit position on reserves which is not uncommon. There is lead time
for grants we have already been awarded to actually get the reimbursements. We get ‘pre award spend
authority’ from the FTA for money we know is going to be there.
Emily Francis; no questions
Julie Pignataro; I am good too – those were great questions. Please move forward in bringing it to the full
Council.
B. Ballot Work re: Potential County Childcare Tax
Christina Taylor, MPH Chief Executive Officer
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Larimer County families currently spend between 20-50% of their annual household income on childcare costs.
The cost of care for one child, between $7,000-$20,000 a year, exceeds that of tuition costs of many colleges
and universities. Childcare cost and availability negatively impact younger families who are not prepared to
handle this enormous financial burden so early in their lives. This restricts many families' ability to afford other
basic needs, including stable housing and food. It also impacts our economy in a big way. Lack of childcare
access is estimated to cost Larimer County nearly $100m in lost earnings, productivity and revenue. Quality
childcare is essential to ensuring we have thriving, productive generations in the years to come, yet inadequate
public investment coupled with a dire lack of qualified workforce means that quality care is out of reach for
many families.
Today, Larimer County is poised to pave the way for future generations by radically shifting how the childcare
sector is funded. By creating a dedicated local public funding stream, we have the opportunity to increase access
to quality, affordable childcare for thousands of families in Larimer County. At the same time, we will be able to
improve provider compensation and preparation, making childcare an attractive profession that is valued for its
positive impact on the lives of families and the children upon whom our future relies. With a question posed to
Larimer voters in November of 2023, we propose to raise the Larimer County sales and use tax by .25% (just 25
cents on every $100 purchase). The revenue generated from a successful ballot measure, an estimated $19-
$21M annually, will work toward ensuring that no family in Larimer County is paying more than 10% of their
annual income on childcare costs. Further, it will support Larimer County early care and education professionals
with wage supplements, professional development, increased access to healthcare benefits, and more.
DISCUSSION / NEXT STEPS
Emily Francis; who would oversee the tax dollars?
Christina Taylor; we are working with the county to determine that – which is the reason we stepped away in
2021 – we did not have the time to determine that. It is possible the county will release an application process
for an administrator. Our desire and intention would be for the Early Childhood Council to be the administrator.
We have been in this community for 20 years, we have the capacity to manage said funding, and this is the work
that we do. That would be done through a process with the county, through a contract. Very transparent with
the processes.
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Emily Francis; why did you pursue a tax instead of a special district?
Christina Taylor; for us to justify a special district, it would be creating a district here in Larimer County that
would replicate the work of the Early Childhood Council. There is no guarantee that the Early Childhood Council
would become that entity.
Emily Francis; have we seen this in other counties where they do the tax, but it is managed by a separate entity?
Christina Taylor; Summit and San Miguel Early Childhood Councils work alongside their local county
governments to administer the tax funding. A larger example is the Denver pre-school program which brings in a
similar amount of revenue to fund preschool access for every Denver 4-year-old. They are a very core partner in
us developing the administrative part of this.
Emily Francis; with the model you have set up, how would you determine who gets the benefit?
You mentioned 7,000 children, so it isn’t’ all. Some centers would have renovations, some increases.
Christina Taylor; we would have to do it through an application process. Processes like this already exist within
the Early Childhood Council. For example, there is ARPA funded grant, the emerging and expanding grant that
runs through our organization. We distributed almost $1M last year through an application process. That way
we can ensure it will be in an area that will serve the highest need. Also, that the organization is run in a way
that is high quality. That we are funding things that are useful and relevant. The administrative distribution of
the tax dollars would be worked out completely in a very transparent process that first year of tax revenue
coming in with community and provider input.
Julie Pignataro; I don’t have any questions – thank you for providing this information.
With your talks with the county, when do you anticipate having an answer?
Christina Taylor; we are hoping to get an answer by June or July. It will likely have to go through the county’s
procurement process. The commissioners have to refer which is our desire.
Kelly Ohlson; kind of a stretch for me. it is a lot of money and as a person who likes to diversify the tax base, it
seems like the city and county are hitting a wall – it is getting up there. I would have preferred something more
like a library district model or something like that but that isn’t going to happen. A stretch to pick one industry
that we are going to fund increased salaries and Infrastructure improvements. If the commissioners are
supportive, perhaps they should look at a minimum wage as that is a systemic change. The wages that people
are paid to do this work are dismal. Picking out one industry that we are going to subsidize $20M per year is a
stretch for me. If we had an appropriate minimum wage, it wouldn’t be where it needs to be, but it would be $4-
5 more per hour. That complicates it for me.
Christina Taylor; regarding a minimum wage increase, when we talk about childcare as a failed market. Where
would a childcare program find that funding if they were forced to implement an increased minimum wage?
Right now, childcare programs are going under left and right because they can’t afford to fund their
programming the way it is set up. This is a problem across our country. This is why I mentioned that some of
the Nordic countries fund childcare as a public good. It truly is a failed market, there is no other revenue stream
for a childcare program to bring in other than tuition and fees. Our lower income families in this community can
pay up to 60% of their wages, which keeps them at home. Many of those families and providers receive public
benefits due to low wages. While I fully agree that a community wide minimum wage will be important to
raising the economic self-sufficiency of everyone. It is just not possible for some industries that don’t have other
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revenue streams. Childcare as an industry model but we can’t keep thinking about it like that. This is the future
of our society. These children will be filling our jobs in 20-30 years. This needs to be funded as a public good.
Kelly Ohlson; it won’t annoy me if we have competing ballot items as it is up to the public to decide.
I would have preferred a different mode of funding – other than sales tax.
Christina Taylor; in our research and the process we followed, we did poling on multiple different measures of
revenue generation. We polled voters on property tax increases, also on sin tax increases but they won’t
generate enough revenue, so sales tax was the only viable option. Nobody wants to pay more property tax
which should come as no surprise.
Kelly Ohlson; I shouldn’t have to pay more sales tax to subsidize childcare for households that make 5x what I
make. Will there be needs based measurements?
Christina Taylor; we would cap the amount of tuition at 10% of their annual income. A family that is making
$150K per year – we will not cover a whole lot if any for their childcare costs because they can afford it.
We want this to be a universal access. The maximum amount of benefit is going to our lower-income families
who already struggle to afford food and housing.
Kelly Ohlson; that is the key issue for me, Let the voters decide wherever it falls.
I understood the materials to say that families who are making $250K would still be eligible for some benefits.
That is highly problematic to me.
Christina Taylor; If they make $250K per year and have two children that are accessing childcare,
the likelihood that they are spending 10% of their income on childcare is very low. This is a sliding scale
opportunity so lower income families will benefit the most. It will be targeted for equity for those who need it
the most.
Shirley Peel; concern about the state and the city making it more expensive with regulations.
C. Sustainable Revenue - Climate
Honore Depew, Climate Program Manager
Javier Echeverria, Sustainability, Sr. Financial Analyst
John Duval, Deputy City Attorney
Megan Valliere, Coordinator, Project Management
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is to provide analysis of several funding mechanisms that would generate revenue to
advance climate initiatives, based on previous direction from the Council Finance Committee (CFC) at the
September and November 2022, and January 2023 meetings. The information provided offers detail about three
potential revenue sources as CFC considers a number of possible mechanisms to support the broader New
Revenue conversation (which is the final agenda item at the April 6, 2023 CFC meeting). Staff is requesting
direction about which options, if any, to include for further discussion at the April 25 City Council Work Session.
The analysis provided is based on considerable research, including examples from peer municipalities, legal and
policy analysis, and financial analysis. To the extent there are legal issues with any of these three revenue sources,
the City Attorney’s Office will address those issues in a separate confidential memorandum to Council.
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The options presented include:
1. OPTION 1: Large Emitter Tax
2. OPTION 2: Natural Gas Franchise Fee Increase from 1.07% to 3.00%
3. OPTION 3: Natural Gas Utility Occupation Tax
Staff recommends pursuing Option 2 because Council could make the fee adjustment in short order without a
ballot referral to begin delivering new, sustained revenue for climate priorities. Other options for generating new
revenue to fund climate priorities could then be considered over the course of the next two election cycles. Staff
will be seeking guidance at the April 25 City Council Work Session about what specific climate priorities should be
funded by any new revenue generated.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. What questions do committee members have about these potential revenue generating
mechanisms?
2. Which options, if any, should staff include for further discussion at the April 25 City Council Work
Session? (To be addressed as part of final CFC item)
OPTION 1: Large Emitter Tax
Bottom Line
A large emitter tax has the potential to accelerate de-carbonizing two entities currently producing more GHG
emissions than the EPA reporting threshold. It would generate several million dollars a year in new revenue in the
short term, but its financial returns diminish steadily, with the last year of projected revenue generation before
2030 after the two entities drop below the EPA’s reporting threshold.
Background
CFC members expressed interest in a large emitter fee or tax in response to community input for ways to raise
revenue for climate-related projects while also providing disincentives for the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG).
Because the uses for revenue from a fee would be more limited than tax revenue, staff were directed to focus on
a large emitter tax.
In this scenario, a “large emitter tax” would be imposed on those entities within the City’s boundaries emitting
more than 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e) annually, as reported to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The tax would be $51 per MT CO2e emitted per year.
Social Cost of Carbon Definition
To date, all revenue projections for this potential source have been calculated based on the Social Cost of Carbon
(SC-CO2). The SC-CO2 is defined by the EPA as “a measure, in dollars, of the long-term damage done by a ton of
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in a given year,” and it “also represents the value of damages avoided for a small
emission reduction (i.e., the benefit of a CO2 reduction).”0F
1 Estimates of the SC-CO2 depend in large part on the
anticipated monetary value of today’s decisions on the conditions of the future. The current SC-CO2 is $51/MT
CO2e, though the EPA is currently considering dramatically increasing this number to $190/MT CO2e.
1 United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). The Social Cost of Carbon: Estimating the Benefits of Reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climatechange/social-cost-carbon_.html
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New Revenue Potential
At the current reporting requirement of 25,000 MT CO2e annually, only three entities within city limits would be
subject to a large emitter tax. These include Broadcom, Anheuser-Busch, and Colorado State University (CSU). The
City Attorney’s Office review and analysis of case law regarding a municipality’s ability to tax a university in its
jurisdiction concluded it was unlikely the City had the legal authority to do so.1F
2 As a result, CSU has been excluded
from this analysis, leaving only two taxable entities in the “large emitter” category now operating within city limits.
Using forecasted levels of CO2e emitted from Anheuser-Busch and Broadcom, the following table shows the
annual revenue the City would expect to generate in 2024 utilizing the SC-CO2 as a baseline per metric ton.
Figure 1
Facility Total Reported Emissions (MT
CO2e) 2024 Forecast
Revenue ($51/MT)
Broadcom 57,400 $2.9M
Anheuser-Busch 37,474 $1.9M
Total 94,874 $4.8M
To understand the ability of a large emitter tax on these two entities to generate sustainable revenue, staff
analyzed GHG emissions trends from each of the two entities to project the date at which they would bring their
emissions below the 25,000 MT CO2e threshold for EPA reporting and thus no longer be subject to the local tax.
Anheuser Bush has publicly committed to bringing their annual emissions below 25,000 MT CO2e before 2023, as
well as Broadcom has also publicly committed to bringing their annual emissions under the reporting threshold
within the next five years. The following graphs show each businesses’ progress toward lower emissions:
Figure 2
2 See Colorado Supreme Court decision, City of Boulder v. The Regents of the University of Colorado, in which the Court
concluded Boulder could not compel the University of Colorado to remit to Boulder an admissions tax for public events on
campus.
60 57 54 53 50 51 49 48 48 47
42 44 42 40 37 35 33 31 29 27 25
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Anheuser Bush Annual CO2e Emissions (Thousands)
Metric Tons CO2e Target Projected reductions by 2030
25K MTons CO2e
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Figure 3
The resulting revenue generation estimates for future years are tabulated below in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Year Total AB +
Broadcom New
Revenue
Anheuser-Busch (AB) Broadcom
Metric Tons
CO2e
(projected)
Annual Tax
Revenue at
$51/MT CO2e
Metric Tons
CO2e (projected)
Annual Tax Revenue at
$51/MT CO2e
2022 N/A 41,632 N/A *79,000 N/A
2023 N/A 39,553 N/A 68,200 N/A
2024 $4,838,564 37,474 $1,911,164 57,400 $2,927,400
2025 $4,181,737 35,395 $1,805,137 46,600 $2,376,600
2026 $3,524,909 33,316
$1,699,109 35,800 $1,825,800
2027 $2,868,082 31,237
$1,593,082 25,000 $1,275,000
2028 $1,487,055 29,158
$1,487,055
2029 $1,381,027 27,079
$1,381,027
2030
$1,275,000 25,000
$1,275,000
306
202
172 183
140 125
79 68 57 47 36 25
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Broadcom Annual CO2e emissions (Thousands)
Metric Tons CO2e Target Projected reductions in the next 5 years
25K MTons CO2e
Page 14 of 76
*2022 Metric Tons of CO2e for Broadcom is an actual figure.
Should both organizations follow through with their public statements about their reductions, then Broadcom
would not be subject to the tax after 2027, and Anheuser-Busch would not be subject after 2030. If the tax were
to be passed in the fall of 2023, revenue collection would begin in 2024.
Figure 5
Impact to Consumers
The effects of this tax would be directly borne by those two impacted entities. It is unknown precisely how they
would absorb the added costs or how the additional taxation would affect business investments in GHG-
reduction measures. The tax would discourage large emitters from locating to the Fort Collins community but
significantly impacts those already operating in City limits.
OPTION 2: Natural Gas Franchise Fee Increase from 1.07% to 3.00%
Bottom Line
In general, though the data may fluctuate year to year as indicated above, staff predicts that increasing the
natural gas franchise fee to its maximum 3% would likely result in new revenue generation between $930,000
and $1.3M per year, with average annual impacts to end consumers between $11-$16 for residential customers
and $56-$85 for businesses. Any revenue generated by this approach is likely to be volatile from year to year
given the unpredictability of wholesale natural gas prices.
Background
Since 1987 and until 2018, Xcel operated its natural gas system within the City using and occupying City streets,
alleys and public rights-of-way without a franchise agreement from the City. In place of a franchise agreement,
the City has imposed in Article VI of City Code Chapter 25 a “Gas Company Occupation Tax” (Occupation Tax)
levied on Xcel. The Occupation Tax is a flat amount of $445,000 per year payable quarterly by Xcel. The
Occupation Tax is described in the Code Section 25-343(5) as being imposed, in part, as consideration to the City
for Xcel’s use of the City’s streets, alleys and public rights-of-way.
Effective February 1, 2018, the City and Xcel agreed to enter into a franchise agreement, which Council
approved in Ordinance No. 006, 2018 (Franchise Agreement). The Franchise Agreement is for a term of 20 years.
4.84
4.18
3.52
2.87
1.49 1.38 1.28
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Total Annual Revenue AB + Broadcom (MM)
Total Revenue AB+Broadcom (MM)
Page 15 of 76
Under it, Xcel has agreed to pay the City franchise fee of 1.07% of Xcel’s annual gross revenues, but the City has
also agreed that this franchise fee is to be applied as a credit against the $445,000 Occupation Tax. In fact, the
percentage of 1.07% was originally chosen to generate an amount of franchise fee revenues that would
approximate the $445,000 Occupation Tax. However, the parties also agreed in the Franchise Agreement that
the City could, upon giving 60-days prior written notice to Xcel, increase the rate of the franchise fee up to no
more than 3%, with Xcel still being entitled to use the franchise fee it pays as a credit against the $445,000
Occupation Tax.
Fee Increase and Use of Funds
Therefore, with City Council direction in a Resolution, the City could give Xcel the 60-day notice to increase the
franchise fee from 1.07% to 3.0% of Xcel’s annual gross revenues. Currently, the franchise fee revenue is
funneled directly to the general fund and allocated as part of the bi-annual budget process. The council could
choose to designate any or all the franchise fee revenues specifically to climate investments. Staff recommends
allocating the new portion of revenue generated from an increased franchise fee (~two thirds of total funds
remitted) for climate work, and the tables below reflect that assumption in revenue projections.
Important note: although this revenue source is designated as a “fee” it is not the type of fee that is required to
be used in manner that is reasonably likely to benefit the fee payer.
New Revenue Potential
The revenue generated by increasing Xcel’s franchise fee from 1.07% to 3% would vary annually based on Xcel’s
revenue year to year, though data from previous years informs future estimates. The table below (Figure 6)
displays Xcel’s annual remittances of the franchise fee for each of the years 2018 – 2022 as well as an average
for the most recent four years:
Figure 6
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2019-2022 Average
$361,583 $461,431 $391,306 $483,249 $727,633 $515,905
City staff believe that 2020 revenues were unusually low due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2022 revenues
were higher due to the increasing price of natural gas as a result of several factors: the Ukraine-Russia war,
inflation, colder winter temperatures, cost increases for coal, and a hike in the base rate (which has tripled since
2020).
Using actual Xcel franchise fee payments from previous years, staff calculated several estimates for revenue
generation from an increased franchise fee of 3%. The following table (Figure 7) displays two different revenue
estimates: one using the average of actuals from the past four years and one using 2022 actuals. Modeled
scenarios result in estimated new revenue exceeding $900,000 per year, though the rising price of natural gas
indicates a likely scenario close to or exceeding $1 million per year.
Figure 7
Franchise Fee % 2019-2022 AVG Revenue
Baseline 2022 Revenue Baseline
1.07% (actual) $ 515,905 $ 727,633
3.00% (estimate) $ 1,446,462 $ 2,040,093
New revenue
for climate investments $ 930,557 $ 1,312,460
Page 16 of 76
Impact to Consumers
As a result of the unpredictability of revenue estimates for natural gas, the impact per resident of an increase to
the franchise fee is more volatile than a four-year average can perfectly predict. Nonetheless, these numbers
represent the best available estimates based on analysis of data from previous years. The table below (Figure 8)
shows average monthly and annual estimated increases in costs by customer type using data from Xcel’s 2021
Community Report because the 2022 report has not yet been released. As a result of increasing Xcel and
corresponding franchise fee revenues in 2022, the use of 2021 data may be slightly underestimating actual
average cost increases for Xcel customers at a 3% franchise fee.
Figure 8
Monthly On-Bill Franchise Fee Cost Net Annual
Franchise
Fee
Increase**
Customer
Type
2021
Average
Monthly
Bill
Current Avg.
Monthly
Franchise Fee
1.07%
Total Avg.
Monthly
Franchise Fee
3.00%
Net Avg. Monthly
Franchise Fee
Increase
3.00%
Residential $ 47.42 $ 0.51 $ 1.42 $ 0.92 $ 10.98
Business* $ 242.26 $ 2.59 $ 7.27 $ 4.68 $ 56.11
*Business: blend of commercial, industrial, & contract accounts
**These totals represent the net average monthly franchise fee increase times 12 months.
Importantly, because Xcel’s report consolidates commercial, industrial, and contract accounts into the category
of “business,” the average annual increase estimate in this category likely obscures significant nuance in the data
between small businesses, large facilities, transport companies, and the like. As a result, this category includes a
wide range of potentially very different types of consumer accounts. City staff will need to obtain more detailed
data on the distribution of customer types within the “business” category to understand and characterize the
impacts of the rate increase to different types of non-residential customers more clearly.
Using 2021 data as a baseline, increasing the franchise fee to 3% would result in an estimated average annual cost
increase of $10.98 for residential accounts and $56.11 for business accounts. By contrast, if total costs for future
years resemble those from 2022, both revenue generation potential and average annual cost increases would be
higher. In the highest scenario (using 2022 baseline data) the estimated average annual increase would be
approximately $16.50 for residential accounts and $84.50 for business accounts. Staff anticipates that the City
could adopt a rebate program to provide relief to low-income customers.
OPTION 3: Natural Gas Utility Occupation Tax
Bottom Line
While this mechanism taxes natural gas as a proxy for greenhouse gas emissions and can generate a steady
revenue stream, annual cost increases are relatively high for natural gas consumers (e.g., 5x higher than increasing
the natural gas franchise fee). In terms of the community’s appetite for this type of revenue mechanism, Fort
Collins staff is encouraged that Boulder’s version of this tax passed with over 70% approval. There is potential that
a utility occupation tax would be popular in our community as well given both municipalities’ aggressive climate
commitments and prior statistically valid surveys that found over 80% of Fort Collins’ residents support acting on
the climate emergency. However, this new tax would compound with an increase to Xcel’s franchise fee, leading
to a considerable uptick in the cost of natural gas for consumers if both mechanisms were enacted. Additionally,
there is currently no clear way for City Council to ensure the tax would not be regressive.
Page 17 of 76
Background
City staff began investigating the utility occupation tax (UOT) model when voters in the City of Boulder approved
a Climate Tax in November 2022 which uses a similar mechanism. A UOT essentially taxes a natural gas provider
(or other utility provider) for the taxable privilege of delivering natural gas to consumers within City limits.
Boulder’s Climate Tax sets an annual amount of revenue to be collected (passed at $6.5 million) and adjusts rates
each year to achieve that amount. Boulder imposes this tax on both electricity and natural gas provided by Xcel
since Boulder does not have a municipal electric utility. (The $6.5 million annual revenue amount was proposed
and adopted as a $2.5 million annual increase from their previous approximate annual Climate Tax revenue with
$1 million set aside for wildfire recovery and resiliency efforts.) Their rates are variable by account type, with
residential accounts seeing a substantially lower increase and overall cost burden than commercial and industrial.
City Councilmembers have clearly stated that equity and minimizing the regressive nature of taxation must be
prioritized for any new revenue mechanism alongside GHG emissions reduction and climate-related behavior
change. In the case of a UOT, the tax would be levied on the provider and presumably passed on to consumers.
While the taxing jurisdiction may set the rate at which the tax is to be collected, it does not have direct control
over how the provider passes the cost on to customers through the utility billing process.
Although public materials produced by Boulder indicate variable rate impacts by account type, Fort Collins City
staff have not identified a legal mechanism by which these variable increases are being enforced. As a result, the
proposal below explores cost scenarios that do not differentiate cost increases by account type. Nonetheless,
Fort Collins staff are still exploring this possibility to limit the regressivity of the UOT mechanism and further
Council’s goals of keeping residential rate increases as low as possible for the end consumer.
New Revenue Potential
Given staff’s current understanding of this tax mechanism, Council may select an amount of revenue it would like
to generate per year and require the provider to adjust annual rates accordingly to meet this revenue
requirement. The following scenario (Figure 9) uses a target revenue of $3,585,313 per year, which was chosen to
illustrate an amount at which bills for both residential and business accounts increased by a round 8%, which
reflects the 8.73% percentage increase to residential accounts resulting from the ballot measure that Boulder
voters approved in 2022. Importantly, the target annual amount can be adjusted by City Council depending on its
preferences.
Figure 9
Customer
Type
Example
Rate
Increase
2021 Avg.
Monthly
Bill
Increase
in
Monthly
Bill
Total
Annual
Cost
Increase
Active
Accounts Annual Revenue
Residential 8.00% $47.42 $ $3.79 $45.52 55,098 $2,508,279
Business* 8.00% $242.26 $19.38 $232.57 4,631 $1,077,033
Total annual new revenue: $3,585,313
*Business: blend of commercial, industrial, & contract
Note: because Xcel’s report consolidates commercial, industrial, and contract accounts into the category of
“business,” the average annual increase estimate in this category likely obscures significant nuance in the data
between small businesses, large facilities, transport companies, and the like. As a result, this category includes a
wide range of potentially very different types of consumer accounts.
Page 18 of 76
Impact to Consumers
As mentioned above, Boulder has publicly stated that their UOT model for the Climate Tax differentiates average
bill impacts by account type, with commercial and industrial accounts experiencing greater cost impacts than
residential accounts. Fort Collins City staff have investigated Boulder’s municipal code and spoken with their
sustainability manager and attorneys to clarify the exact legal mechanism which enforces this public commitment.
At this time, staff is unable to clearly articulate the way that Boulder is enforcing this cost differentiation
commitment in partnership with Xcel, so there is no way to guarantee that residential accounts would see a
proportionally lower increase and overall lower cost burden than commercial and industrial. This would be a high-
priority area for further staff research in the coming weeks if CFC members would like to advance the UOT for
consideration at the April 25 Work Session.
Staff is interested in learning more about Boulder’s rate increase differentiation mechanism because ensuring
lower impacts to residential accounts may be a way to avoid additional regressivity for this tax mechanism.
Commercial and industrial accounts may be more easily able to address cost increases, so a legal mechanism to
enforce higher rate impacts to these types of customers may provide a more equitable context for this type of
revenue generation. Theoretically, if the City were able to enact a scenario with variable rate impacts to different
types of customers, City Council would still select a target revenue amount. The cost of that target revenue would
be passed down to residential accounts at a lower proportion or percentage increase than for commercial and
industrial accounts, as Boulder has stated their mechanism will operate. Staff will continue to learn from Boulder’s
experience and commit to analyzing the feasibility of instituting this type of scenario in Fort Collins as more
information becomes available.
Based on the Boulder example, a UOT could be structured to provide relief to low-income customers.
Next Steps
The options presented in this CFC item should be considered within the larger context of the Sustainable
Funding conversation during the final item at the April 6 CFC meeting.
Options/mechanisms of interest to the CFC will be advanced to the full City Council for Work Session discussion
on April 25, including discussion of what specific climate priorities should be funded by any new revenue
generated.
DISCUSSION / NEXT STEPS
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. What is Council Finance feedback on revenue options and timelines presented?
2. What additional information would Council Finance like to see?
Emily Francis; If I am reading this correctly, it looks like options 2 and 3 are taxes to be added to natural gas bills.
Honore Depew; Options 2 and 3 would impact natural gas bills for customers. Option 2 is not a tax and can be
done through the arrangement the city already has with Xcel.
Emily Francis; but for the end user, it is a tax. Is the theory that If we are going to add more tax on their natural
gas bills that they would use less?
Honore Depew; yes, that is what we heard from Council as a secondary driver of this work, the theory that this
would incentivize that through pricing.
Page 19 of 76
Travis Storin; we found that emissions under the 25,000 EPA reporting threshold became essentially impractical.
We were considering natural gas consumption as a proxy for emissions.
Emily Francis; I have a hard time with Options 2 and 3 - This one is really difficult for me - time of day is more
expensive and an increased tax on natural gas – those that can convert to electric which is where we are trying
to go have that luxury but not everyone can do that - 40% of our housing stock is rentals - tying their home life
to tax increases. I have an easier time with a sales tax because that is a choice in some ways. I don’t have a
problem with a 5-year tax that sunsets.
Kelly Ohlson; I am more prone to the large emitter fee. I am referring to the memo from the Fort Collins
Sustainability Group. I am not as worried about getting to a point of less revenue – when the revenue stream
runs out as it will make them get there quicker, which is an emissions issue and that is good news.
Would like more information in writing at the work session– environmental experience – I have a certain
skepticism and trust in multinational corporations to accurately report their emissions – federal and state
governments do little in area of oversight and checking their numbers. Why do we believe those numbers would
drop? Why are we supposed to trust their reporting numbers today? It could be a ten-year revenue stream and
if it runs out the emissions are lower - which is great.
Honore Depew; these are projections based on past performance and the commitment they have made publicly
which different people can perceive with different levels of skepticism. We see those as achievable targets
based on past performance. At the state level there is some rule making under consideration based on a piece
of legislation that was passed during the last session that would require some sort of payment for corporations
that are emitting above the 25, 000 metric tons of CO2 per year as an incentive for them to get below the
thresholds. Multiple layers of incentives.
Travis Storin; can you speak to the voracity of the reporting numbers that going to the EPA annual reporting – I
believe there is quite a bit at inception that has to do with their permits and their ability to operate a business.
Are there inspections? Audits?
Honore Depew; they do have to adhere to air quality permits that require actual measurement and reporting.
The question is more whether future commitments are believable.
Kelly Ohlson; I would like some fleshing out for the work session – trusting their current number as they do the
work themselves and then report,
Would we build in for lower income folks? Can we have that fleshed out at the work session?
Full and robust discussion on options #2 and # 3.
How come so many of our peer communities have a 3% fee and we have a 1% fee? Is there a historical reason?
John Duval; in 1987 we imposed an occupation tax on Xcel for being in our rights of way as they would not agree
to a franchise agreement at that time. I can’t recall the reason at that time. In 2018, Xcel came forward and said
they were ready to do a franchise agreement with all the other cities we serve around the state. We entered
into a franchise agreement with them which Council approved in 2018. They would agree to a 3% franchise fee
of their gross revenues. The 3% franchise fee would be credited against the $445K occupation tax that was
imposed in 1987 so they would get a credit against the occupation tax from the franchise fee. Our Council at
that time did not want to impose any more on the consumer so they set the amount to equal the $445K
amount. We would collect only enough of the franchise fee they paid to the city so in essence, we broke even.
So, if you now impose the 3% you will get the difference which would be a positive net gain for the city.
Page 20 of 76
Kelly Ohlson; I would like all three options presented to the full Council. I like option #1 the best. Thank you to
the staff for providing us with the information we asked for.
Julie Pignataro; from AIS (see below) options #2 and #3 – regarding rebate program, since Xcel is not a city
entity, how would a rebate work in the natural gas area?
Using 2021 data as a baseline, increasing the franchise fee to 3% would result in an estimated average
annual cost increase of $10.98 for residential accounts and $56.11 for business accounts. By contrast, if
total costs for future years resemble those from 2022, both revenue generation potential and average
annual cost increases would be higher. In the highest scenario (using 2022 baseline data) the estimated
average annual increase would be approximately $16.50 for residential accounts and $84.50 for business
accounts. Staff anticipates that the City could adopt a rebate program to provide relief to low-income
customers.
Travis Storin; we use Boulder as a reference point. They have been able to do this even with Xcel providing
natural gas and electricity in Boulder. I will defer to Honore or Josh for more context on how that program was
developed.
Honore Depew: If a resident is eligible for LEAP, they are exempted from the burden of an extra tax.
We are confident there is a mechanism to implement this and lower the burden on our low-income residents.
Josh Birks; it is an on-bill rebate on Xcel bills in Boulder. The statement showing the tax coming in and then
being credited. Xcel already has LEAP information for Boulder customers because they provide both electricity
and gas. We anticipate that we could feed our IQAP (Income Qualified Assistance Program) and LEAP (Low
Income Energy Assistance Program) files to Xcel and they could do the same thing here. We aren’t certain that
we can do that with the franchise fee because of the way that is collected.
Emily Francis; what percentage of those who are eligible for LEAP are actually enrolled?
Josh Birks; I think it is an automatic enrollment once they are recognized by Xcel.
Julie Pignataro: could we make it an automatic enrollment? Is there a mechanism to do that?
Josh Birks; our IQAP program is an auto enroll program. So, if we used that as a trigger and feed that information
to Xcel, they would set that up the same way they have for Boulder customers.
Emily Francis; not all of our eligible residents are enrolled in IQAP or LEAP. So, even though we have a rebate
program it is not solving the issue.
John Phelan; LEAP is the first step for access to Xcel and FoCo electricity and utility benefits.
We certainly know we are not reaching everyone who is eligible to sign up for LEAP.
Julie Pignataro; regarding slide #7 AB Emissions (see below)
Page 21 of 76
The uptick in 2021 doesn’t make a trend but are we reading into that at all? (blue line goes up a bit). We have
them trending down. Do you have any insight into that?
Javier Echeverria Diaz; we were just informed this week that their 2022 emissions went down to 40K MTons of
CO2e instead of 42K.
Julie Pignataro; so, if this were updated, it would be down to 40K for 2022.
Javier Echeverria Diaz; that is correct.
Julie Pignataro; regarding slide #3 (see below)
Page 22 of 76
Large Emitter tax would be done by 2030. For the other two options, how long are they going to be in effect?
Honore Depew: The Natural Gas Franchise Fee agreement currently goes out to 2038 so Option #2 would be
tied to that agreement. Tax length for Option #3 would be dependent upon Council direction and voter appetite.
Tyler Marr; with the OCF (Our Climate Future), we would expect this to trend down over time as we meet some
of our electrification goals.
Honore Depew; that would be the hope. It does add another layer of complication, in Boulder they put a climate
tax on both natural gas and electric.
Julie Pignataro; I agree we should bring all 3 options forward to have a bigger conversation as a full Council.
D. Sustainable Revenue – Approach to Ballot
Ginny Sawyer, Sr. Project Manager
Travis Storin, Chief Financial Officer
Jennifer Poznanovic, Sr. Revenue Manager
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is to seek Council Finance Committee (CFC) direction on timing and revenue options to
consider for referral to the November 2023 ballot.
Staff is also providing additional budget information as background.
Also of note, staff is currently focusing on a November 2024 election to bring forward the Street Maintenance
renewal and the Community Capital Renewal.
Page 23 of 76
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. What is Council Finance feedback on revenue options and timelines presented?
2. What additional information would Council Finance like to see?
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
Over the past year, staff has been working with CFC and the full Council to seek ways to address identified
funding needs in the areas of parks and recreation, transit, and housing. Along with these needs the criticality of
advancing City climate action goals has also been identified as an area of need. Estimated annual shortfalls
range from six to twelve million per area.
• Parks & Recreation - $8 to $12M annual shortfall (Parks & Recreation Master Plan)
• Transit - $8M to $14.7M annual shortfall (Transit Master Plan)
• Housing - $8M to $9.5M annual shortfall (Housing Strategic Plan)
• Climate - $6M to $9.5M annual shortfall (Our Climate Future Plan)
Transit, Housing, and Climate are the initiatives targeted as “Climate Umbrella.”
CFC discussions to date have highlighted a desire to:
• Clearly define and articulate revenue needs.
• Thoroughly research funding options including impacts to residents.
• Work to keep overall resident impact and tax burden as low as possible.
• Consider existing dedicated tax renewals and associated election timelines in a strategic manner.
These considerations have also been supported by the full Council.
Funding Options and Analysis
Through discussion and analysis at CFC and Council work sessions, sales tax, property tax and excise/additional
sales taxes have emerged as the most feasible mechanisms. Staff has also researched and added an increase to
the Xcel franchise fee and a Utility Occupation Tax, commonly referred to as a “climate tax.” The table below
demonstrates the potential revenue gain of these mechanisms along with estimated annual impact to residents.
Category Funding
Mechanism Use
Annual
Revenue
Estimate
Stakeholder Impact
Franchise
Fee to 3% Natural Gas Bills “Core”
Climate $1M
• Council action only – does
not require voter approval
• 2% increase. ~
$11/household annually
Substance
tax
1 to 5% on
Alcohol/MJ/Tobacco Parks & Rec $6 to
11M+
• $1 to 5 per $100 purchase
in Fort Collins
• Visitors also impacted
Utility
Occupation
Tax
8 to 9% on Natural
Gas Bills
Climate
Umbrella $3 to 4M
• 8% residential increase per
household. ~$50 per
residential household
annually
Page 24 of 76
Property
Tax 1 to 5 Mills Climate
Umbrella
$4 to
18M+
• Residential annual increase
of $21 to 107
• Commercial annual increase
of $87 to 435
Total $15 to
40M+
• $81 to $168 net annual
increase per household +
impact of excise tax
Franchise Fee:
The maximum allowable Xcel franchise fee surcharge is 3%. The City currently assesses the fee at 1.07% and
could increase the fee to its maximum through an Ordinance approved by City Council and with 60 days’ notice
to Xcel. Although this revenue source is designated as a “fee” it is not subject to the restrictions of other types of
fees that require any use of those funds directly benefit the fee payer.
Additional Sales Tax:
An additional sales tax is a sales tax on the purchase price to the end customer. For consideration in these
discussions, staff has estimated additional tax revenue using an additional 3% and 5% tax on marijuana, alcohol
and tobacco.
Numerous other municipalities across Colorado have an additional tax on marijuana.
Tax Type Additional 3% Additional 5%
Alcohol* $2M+ $4M+
Marijuana $3M $5M
Tobacco $1M $2M
An additional sales tax would require voter approval.
Property Tax:
Since 1992, the City has collected 9.797 mils of property tax which equates to 10.5% of a Fort Collins property
owner’s total annual property tax. Below is the breakdown of what a Fort Collins property owner pays in
property tax.
Poudre Fire Authority gets 67% of the City’s portion (approx. 6 of the City’s 9 mills) of property tax amount
through an intergovernmental agreement. Requires voter approval.
Utility Occupation Tax:
This mechanism taxes natural gas as a proxy for greenhouse gas emissions. Council may select an amount of
revenue they would like to generate per year and require the provider to adjust annual rates accordingly to
meet this revenue requirement.
Funding Scenarios
Achieving additional funding will likely be a phased effort that lessens the funding gaps incrementally over time.
Knowing this, and through CFC conversations, two demonstration scenarios have been created.
Page 25 of 76
The scenarios presented are not intended to be final or recommended options. They are intended to
demonstrate the flexibility and variable means and ways to add additional revenue to cover the identified gaps.
Scenario A:
$29M in 2024 with two ballot measures in November 2023
Scenario B:
$15-20M in 2024 and the addition of $18M in property tax starting in 2026. Option to sunset the Utility
Occupation tax upon approval of the property tax.
Category Funding Mechanism Timing Use Annual Revenue
Estimate Resident Impact
Franchise
Fee to 3% Natural Gas Bills 2023 “Core”
Climate $1M
2% increase. ~
$11/household
annually
Substance
tax
(?)% on
Alcohol/MJ/Tobacco 2023 Parks &
Rec $10M $1 to 5 per $100
purchase
Property
Tax 5 mills 2023 Climate
Umbrella $18M+
Residential annual
increase of $107
Commercial annual
increase of $87 to
435
Total $29M
$118 net annual
increase per
household + impact
of excise tax
Page 26 of 76
** A ¼ -cent tax increase is estimated to generate $9+M/annually and to cost a resident $31 per/year.
Election Timeline Considerations
Per the recent ballot initiative, City elections will now be in November. Ballot referral would need to happen in
August.
TABOR initiatives cannot be considered during special elections.
Street Maintenance and Community Capital Taxes expire December 31, 2025. November 2024 and November
2025 are two opportunities for renewal.
Community Messaging: City Budget and Revenue Context
Prior to putting tax measures on the ballot, the City typically works to provide residents with information
regarding financial stewardship practices and implementation. This goes beyond the cyclical process of creating
a transparent and balanced budget every 2 years and looks to include revenue, staffing, inflation, and
efficiencies over time.
Staff has begun its outreach efforts with Boards and Commissions, with sessions completed or to-be-completed
with the Parks & Recreation Board, Natural Resources Board, Transportation Board, Economic Advisory Board,
Affordable Housing Board, and Super Issues Meeting.
Below are some high-level points from recent analysis:
Category Funding
Mechanism Timing Use
Annual
Revenue
Estimate
Stakeholder Impact
Franchise
Fee to 3% Natural Gas Bills 2023 “Core”
Climate $1M 2% increase. ~ $11/household
annually
Substance
tax
(?)% on
Alcohol/MJ/Tobacco 2023 Parks &
Rec $10M $1 to 5 per $100 purchase
Utility
Occupation
Tax
Natural Gas bills 2023 Climate
Umbrella $3-4M
8-9% residential increase per
household. ~$50 per
residential household
annually
Property
Tax 5 mills 2025 Climate
Umbrella $18M+
Residential annual increase of
$107
Commercial annual increase of
$87 to 435
Total $32M+
$168 net annual increase per
household + impact of excise
tax
Page 27 of 76
• The City’s annual operating budget grew from $307M in 2003 to $597M in 2023.
• The compound annual rate of increase for this 20-year period is 3.6%.
o High of 10% in 2008
o Low of -3% in 2007
• From 2006 through 2024 (projected), population has grown by an average of 1.6% per year and inflation has
averaged 2.4% per year.
• Composite inflation and population amounting to 4% has outpaced growth in the City budget of 3.6%
• For the same span of time, compensation dollars per capita has increased an average of 2.1% per year,
which compares well with inflation.
• $6.2M of ongoing budgets were cut since 2020, net of any Restore offers.
• The City’s Charter ensures that deficit spending is never permitted, and that service levels will always be
matched to revenue.
• The BFO process incorporates requirements to document and measure efficiencies and cost savings, these
can be viewed at:
• fcgov.com/budget (ongoing offer narratives)
• fcgov.com/kfcg (annual KFCG reporting)
• From 2000 to 2022, the City Net Taxable sales dropped from 80% to 50% of total County sales (i.e., When
Fort Collins was the “only” place to shop our sales tax revenues were more heavily subsidized by non-
residents. Today residents are taking more of the burden to create revenue for the City.)
Climate Progress:
• Ongoing initiatives
• Energy Efficiency, Customer Renewable and Grid Flexibility programs
• $6.6M annually
• EPIC Loan program, up to $2.5M annually in available financing
• Streetlight LED conversion, $1Mk annually
• Efficiency Works programs (via Platte River budgeting)
• ~$5M annually
• 23/24 Enhancement Offers
• $1.7M over two years for grid flexibility software, hardware and programs
• $150k for mobile home efficiency demonstration
• Planned investments
• New tools for distribution system planning and operations
• Federal and State Grant Funding: active research and application processes
Staff estimates that community electricity utilization would be 20% higher without the Utilities energy programs
since 2005.
DISCUSSION / NEXT STEPS
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1) What is Council Finance feedback on revenue options and timelines presented?
2) What additional information would Council Finance like to see?
Page 28 of 76
Julie Pignataro; if we choose the substance tax does it have to go to Parks and Recreation? We hear from the
community that they want us to work on first and Climate, Housing and Transit are on that list, but Parks &
Recreation aren’t typically up there on the list.
Travis Storin; no, all of these are highly configurable – anything that is labeled as a tax can be attached to
whatever project.
John Duval; the franchise fee is not your typical kind of fee because it is payment for use of our rights of way –
not the kind of fee that has to be reasonably related to and benefit the fee payer (which is Xcel) and they get the
benefit of the rights of way. Funds collected via a franchise fee can be used for any general fund purpose.
Julie Pignataro; I am struggling with Council’s expectation that this committee will come forward with a
recommendation. Would the Council want to see all options. We have narrowed it down over the course of
several discussions.
Ginny Sawyer; just hearing the questions is helpful - then we can try to address with the full Council - whether it
is a recommendation or not, just making sure we have a clear and articulate message as we go forward.
Julie Pignataro; I feel like we should start with a number and work toward it. We are still working with a range of
numbers which makes it such an open conversation instead of having some of the hard conversations about
trade-offs.
If we started with a number it would be so much easier. We could pit the mechanisms against each other and
see what works better together.
Travis Storin; for clarification, do you mean an annual funding number across the four priorities?
Julie Pignataro; kind of, but I know it doesn’t fit what we are working toward because we are looking at putting
these things in at different times. The options aren’t just linear here – they come from so many different
directions. We’re not only talking about which funding sources we want to include or move forward on but not
what number we are trying to reach. If we decided we just wanted the absolute minimum, it would probably be
easier for us to figure out which funding mechanism makes the most sense to move forward. If we decided we
wanted the highest number, it would be a much harder conversation. That is why I am having so much trouble
deciding that one may be better than another.
Ginny Sawyer; one thing we have been trying to test as we go - what is Council and community tolerance?
The chance that we are going to generate all of the revenue for every need in these categories in the next three
years is probably unlikely. That is part of what makes it challenging to pick a number. We know Parks and
Recreation (existing assets) was a Council priority - find sustainable funding for parks - that is part of why that is
driving that way.
It is all in how we write the ballot language. If we can be nimble in a climate umbrella space that we talked
about, then we can take advantage of, do we need a matching grant for Transit right now? Do we need dollars
for potential housing incentives? Do we have electrification opportunities coming forward that we can
leverage? We have been doing the same swirling. Parks and Recreation is one of Council’s 31 priorities.
Julie Pignataro; I love our parks and recreation, but when I look at our four categories. We have purely created
the parks and recreation issue ourselves as a city and as former Councils. I am glad for the ‘are we good
stewards of the money’ conversation because that is important. How are we supporting the new parks we are
building?
Page 29 of 76
Kelly Ohlson; resources - What do we fund and in what way and when do we go to the ballot on it? All moving
parts. We weren’t always looking at the big picture before. We are now looking at the whole picture and at
diverse streams of revenue. We have done great work so far as a Committee and Council and staff. Now the
rubber meets the road at the work session. Based on my many years of experience, we don’t have to worry
about the electorate, they will decide. Our job is to make the case that we need the money whether they say yes
or no. It can be more than one proposal.
Put real money into affordable housing to actually help. Let’s put that aside from the city’s land use code and
what is going on at the state. These discussions started before both of those. It is a little complicated to me
now – should it be under the umbrella of some funding – staff ran some numbers for me and if we meet certain
criteria we can get up to $8-9M per year here in Fort Collins from state funding. This needs to be ready for the
work session. We can’t ignore that potential, whatever it is. We were never going to solve the problem with
public money, we were going to partner with people. So, affordable housing needs to be a little more fleshed
out.
Sustainability Services slide – percentage number of how it grew in that time period.
Travis Storin; the intention is not to suggest a right or wrong comparison. I think it is perfectly achievable for us
to put the base dollars in the percentage growth over time. It is a higher percentage because it is a start-up
environment.
Kelly Ohlson; my point was that it was a low number to begin with. Salaries + benefits = our biggest expenditure.
I wanted to make sure it included benefits.
Travis Storin; yes, it includes benefits.
Kelly Ohlson; for the tobacco tax - Does that include any nicotine products? That would be my preference.
Jen Poznanovic; the estimate we have is just for cigarettes, but I believe we would be taxing all nicotine
products.
Travis Storin; I think we would prefer ‘all nicotine products’ as the label rather than tobacco.
Kelly Ohlson; I agree and let’s include that in the discussion at the work session.
I struggle a little with the marijuana tax - when you throw in the state taxes. Taxes are monstrously higher than
alcohol and nicotine.
All questions on parks and recreation are valid. I don’t want parks and recreation to be left out of the
conversation.
Can I have a brief explanation of climate umbrella versus core climate?
slide #5 from Climate presentation (see below)
Page 30 of 76
Travis Storin;
Climate Core = direct use of resources towards reduction in energy consumption whether it is heat pumps,
reduction in energy consumption, etc. Things that actually have a direct, measurable impact on GHGs.
Climate Future Plan which incorporates the big moves, that is more the Climate Umbrella terminology,
Where we know a more robust transit system will decrease emissions even if it is not a direct investment.
That is a transportation play as much as it is a climate change play. Same thing with housing, we know that a
better maintained housing stock, where older homes are upgraded and more energy efficient is going to have an
impact.
Honore Depew: I would like to point to the Denver example, they passed a climate protection fund a few years
ago. It is a sales tax, but it specifically drives funds toward designated, allowable uses that were defined
beforehand in the ballot language. We have been using the same sort of framing. We have those allowable
uses from the community driven, Our Climate Future Plan. If you asked, what is the next ring out for reducing
our energy use and increasing renewables - these would be those things that the community has asked for.
Kelly Ohlson; I think we are getting there. The schedule is getting pretty compressed. We have all done great
work. We want to give residents factual information. We should put it on the ballot as soon as we can. We may
need a special work session on top of the currently scheduled one to get the right timing, so voters have what
they need. I am not sure we will come out of one work session with total clarity. I would encourage a two-hour
block.
Tyler Marr; we are prepared, depending on where the work session conversation goes. Recognizing where the
backstop is, we know there may be a need for an additional work session.
Emily Francis; I want to confirm I am reading this correctly that a ¼ cent sales tax would generate 2 -3x what the
utility
Page 31 of 76
occupation tax would generate but would cost residents less.
Travis Storin; that is correct. A big reason why Boulder has been able to generate additional funding versus what
we have here is their operation of the electric utility where ours would be natural gas.
Ginny Sawyer; visitors pay for that, so any time you have a sales tax, visitors help to subsidize at a far lesser rate
than previously, but they are still doing it.
Kelly Ohlson; I do have a request to help us get to an answer.
The whole Council should discuss options 2 and 3 on climate. Plug in the large emitter fee with an option in the
equation, built in with the property tax and the additional tax on products. I don’t like the expression ‘sin tax’.
Tyler Marr; this may be way too much work for the team so I welcome pushback – but what might be helpful
would be an iterative scenario chart that would have plug and play type options that we can drop and build so
we can get a base line revenue picture.
Emily Francis; similar to Julie, it is difficult for me because I don’t 100% know what the money would be going to
and what we would be funding. I know we are looking in the $30M range. What are we funding and how far
would it go?
Ginny Sawyer; at the work session, we could bring back the slides where we broke down within each of the four
categories how that money could be spent and what it could do. It is a Council budget decision in the end, and it
will always be a very transparent spend of what that money goes toward within those categories of identified
needs.
Emily Francis; what would be helpful for me, and I know it could change but for example in our climate future
we have very specific goals – what would we fund in there as examples – like Denver does that rebate program,
heat pump rebates. I think we are at a good place to get feedback on what we want to do. I understand about
parks and recreation, and I agree with Julie that we created this problem with the parks that we built.
Travis Storin; this is from a previous Council Finance discussion - a menu of what we could do - there is a version
of this slide for all four priorities. We will bring this information back to the work session.
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Mayor Arndt; historically, has the city ever done a property tax? I associate that with the county.
Ginny Sawyer; not since 1997. We currently collect under 10Mils and 67% of that goes straight to Poudre Fire
Authority.
Mayor Arndt; I am trying to take the residents’ viewpoint when they are voting. A sales tax which brings in a lot
of money and is spread quite widely and is regressive. Like you were saying, it could be targeted like we have
done in the past, which seems effective.
Ginny Sawyer; like the Natural Areas tax, ¼ cent dedicated.
Mayor Arndt; have we had any taxes fail?
Ginny Sawyer; not many
Kelly Ohlson; part of the background- the city’s first and only ask is usually just add another ¼ cent and then add
another ¼ cent – since 2005. We wanted staff to work on more diversification of revenue for all kinds of the
right reasons. I don’t think property tax freaks people out quite as bad as we think given the option of what it is
for. For example, the Library tax was approved by close to 60/40 - a broader area, larger than the area of Fort
Collins.
I think we need to get a middle ground - we can’t get as specific as CCIP, but we are going to address our climate
issues in this way but not as specific as a capital project. We need to get as many specifics as possible to address
our climate emergency - we need more than we have had so far to show residents. There is no way it will be as
specific as capital programs, nor should it be.
Travis Storin; CCIP is as specific as you can go on that kind of tax measure. There are 17 projects and programs
listed with prescriptive dollars amounts. KFCG was a very good middle ground where we said .85% sales tax
across six categories and the only thing that was prescriptive was the percentage investment. From budget
cycle to budget cycle, as long as we are staying within those percentage guidelines, it can be for anything.
Tyler Marr; to Honore’s previous example, what we saw in Denver, I do think we have models around the state
even of how this has been structured in that middle ground – speaks to buckets but with examples people can
understand and resonate with.
Travis Storin; summary
• Specific funding target in mind
• Some additional knowledge on the states shareback on affordable housing
• Use nicotine products instead of simply mentioning tobacco.
• Bring back the chart on fully loaded marijuana tax.
• Include the emitter fee on the menu of options.
• Sales Tax comes back on menu of options.
Meeting adjourned at 6:22 pm
Page 33 of 76
Page 34 of 76
COUNCIL FINANCE COMMITTEE
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
Staff:
Rupa Venkatesh, Assistant City Manager
Rebecca Pomering, Natural Areas Technician I
Sgt. Annie Hill, Police Services
Mike Calhoon, Parks Director
Mary Yoder, Neighborhood Services Manager
Brittany Depew, Homelessness Response & Solutions Lead Specialist
Date: May 4, 2023
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
Encampment Cleanup Pilot Program
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (a brief paragraph or two that succinctly summarizes important
points that are covered in more detail in the body of the AIS.)
In Fall 2022, staff identified a backlog of identified encampments throughout the City and
determined that cleanups need to shift from twice a month to once per week. This was
implemented towards the end of January 2023 with the realization that the 2023 funded offer
would not be sustainable for the entire year. A pilot program was implemented to assess the
effectiveness and need to continue after three months with an opportunity to share findings with
the Council Finance Committee to request an appropriation if the program was achieving desired
results.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
(Work session questions should be designed to gather direction from Council without requiring
Councilmembers to make a decision.)
1. What questions does the Committee have regarding the pilot program?
2. Does the Committee support additional funds in 2023 to continue with the weekly camp
cleanup pilot program?
3. Does the Committee support staff bringing forward a request for additional funds for
2024 during the mid-cycle revision process in fall 2023?
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION (details of item – History, current policy, previous Council
actions, alternatives or options, costs or benefits, considerations leading to staff conclusions, data
and statistics, next steps, etc.)
Prior to 2019, the City did not have a separate encampment fund. In 2017 and 2018, cleanups
were coming from regular operating budgets for Natural Areas, Parks, Neighborhood Services,
Page 35 of 76
and other departments where cleanups were occurring. In Fall 2018, a mid-cycle adjustment was
requested for a dedicated fund to utilize in 2019. The joint offer was submitted by Neighborhood
Services, Parks, Stormwater, and Natural Areas who provide staffing. Since 2019, a dedicated
encampment fund has been utilized though funds expended have varied over the years likely due
to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since Fall 2022, a weekly tactical team of staff from Social Sustainability, Natural Areas, Police
Services, Neighborhood Services, Parks Rangers, Transfort, City Attorney’s Office and partners
such as Poudre Fire Authority and Outreach Fort Collins meet to coordinate encampment
cleanup prioritization and identify hot spots.
The growing number of encampments became an emergent issue with the turnaround time of
when a camp is identified to cleanup of up to 3 months. A pilot program was implemented to
move towards weekly cleanups with a goal to reduce turnaround time to 30 days.
As of April 6, 2023, the turnaround time for cleanups is an average of 12 days. 257 camps have
been cleaned with 169 cubic yards of waste, 363 Sharps, 77 shopping carts and 15 cubic yards of
metal collected and diverted from Natural Areas, Parks, and other locations in the City. If the
current pilot program continues, it is on track to divert 19% more trash, 41% more shopping carts
and 24% more metal than 2022.
In order to continue the current pilot program of weekly cleanups, an additional $175,000 is
requested for 2023. Additional funds will also be utilized for a debris boom pilot project to help
mitigate issues occurring at Warren Lake/Larimer Ditch #2 as well as provide assistance to the
Conifer Street area as it relates to inoperable RVs.
During the mid-cycle revision process in Fall 2023, staff will bring forward a request for
additional funds for 2024.
ATTACHMENTS (numbered Attachment 1, 2, 3,…)
1. Presentation
Page 36 of 76
Encampment Cleanup
Pilot Program
May 4, 2023
Rupa Venkatesh, Assistant City
Manager
Rebecca Pomering, Natural Areas
Sgt. Annie Hill, HOPE
Mike Calhoon, Parks Director
Marcy Yoder, Neighborhood Services
Manager
Brittany Depew, Homelessness
Response & Solutions Lead Specialist
Page 37 of 76
2Committee Direction Sought
1.What questions does the Committee have regarding the pilot program?
2.Does the Committee support additional funds in 2023 to continue with the weekly camp
cleanup pilot program?
3.Does the Committee support staff bringing forward a request for additional funds for 2024
during the mid-cycle revision process in fall 2023?
Page 38 of 76
3Why is this so controversial?
“Wicked problems inherently involve competing underlying values, paradoxes, and tradeoffs that
cannot be resolved by science.” –Martin Carcasson
The issue is wicked not the people involved. There is no simple cause. There is no simple
solution.
ShelterQuality
of life
Health &
Safety
Personal
freedom Compassion
Human
Dignity
Accountability
Environment
Page 39 of 76
4City’s role
Strategic Objective 5.7: Reduce incidents of, and impacts from, disruptive and unwanted
behaviors through working closely with the community’s human service providers to offer
creative approaches that balance compassion and consequences
Strategic Objective 1.2: Collaborate to leverage community partners’ expertise in
addressing priority human service issues like poverty and mental health, and to make
homelessness rare, brief and non-recurring
Effectively manage homelessness to balance the needs of our most vulnerable and maintain
quality of life for the community
Requires Coordination amongst: Natural Areas, FCPS, Neighborhood Services, Parks Rangers,
Stormwater, Transfort, PFA, Social Sustainability, CAO, CMO, Outreach Fort Collins, Murphy
Center, Catholic Charities
Page 40 of 76
5
Dedicated Budget Timeline
2017
225 camps
Operational budget used
2018
238 camps
Fall 2018 –mid cycle adjustment requested for $250k specifically for encampment cleanup
2019
272 camps
Collaborative offer with Stormwater, Parks, Neighborhood Services, and Natural Areas (staff)
Also included $50k mitigation project for Linden Street bridge
$95,062 expended
2020
282 camps
Joint offer continued
$51,497 expended
2021
336 camps
$72,308 expended
2022
579 camps
$110,000 budget offer
$158,067 expended
2023
257 camps through 4/6/23
Approximately used $50,000 of $110,000 budget
Page 41 of 76
6Pilot Program
•In the summertime, cleanups typically occur once a week and move to twice a month during
the winter.
•As a result of coordination meetings in the Fall 2022, staff identified a backlog of
encampments throughout the city of over 80.
•Ideal time to start this pilot when seasonal overflow shelter was open (mid Nov-mid April)
•Started weekly cleanups on 1/19/23 with 2 being cancelled due to weather
•Goal was to reduce the turnaround time from when a camp is identified to cleanup from up to
3 months to 30 days.
*Spoiler alert -Current turnaround time is now 12 days!
Page 42 of 76
2023 Camps as of 4/6/23
•71 camps identified as of 12/31/2022
•51 camps as of 4/6/23
•240 camps added in 2023
•257 total camps cleaned in 2023
•12-day average turnaround time
7
Page 43 of 76
“Camp” Types
Each “Camp” can be one of three
types:
●Trash Cleanup (167)
○Site with no valuable items
or occupants
●Camp Tagged (78)
○Site with personal items
present -receives a 24hr tag
or risk disposal
●Active Camp (12)
○Not yet ready for cleanup,
usually updated to trash
cleanup or camp tagged
Each “camp” can vary tremendously
in how much debris needs to be
cleaned up
8
Page 44 of 76
9
2023 Waste Diversion Data as of 4/6/23
Since 4/6/23, 257 camps cleaned up
824 bags of trash collected 169 cubic yards of waste 363 Sharps
77 shopping carts 15 cubic yards of metal diverted to recycling
On track to divert:
•19% more trash
•41% more shopping carts
•24% from metal
than 2022
Page 45 of 76
2022 vs 2023 Heat Map 10
2022 2023
Page 46 of 76
11Successes
•Weekly tactical team for coordination across departments to quickly identify & resolve issues
•Able to prioritize work and be strategic
•Because of the collaboration, we can provide a streamlined and people-centered approach
•A person experiencing homelessness (PEH) was able to get housed in just 20 days!
•Homelessness Outreach and Proactive Engagement (HOPE) Team
•Safety issues are now being addressed more quickly
•Employees feel more supported, part of a team, safer
•Better stewardship of our environment –trash, SHARPS, etc. removed from Natural Areas
and Parks
•Mitigation efforts in hot spots via vegetation management
•Soft Gold Park and Lee Martinez Park
•Improved environmental impacts and coordination as it relates to the ability to clean ditches
right before flush
•Debris boom pilot at Warren Lake/Larimer Ditch #2
Page 47 of 76
122023 additional funding request
SAFE 66.2 --Encampment Cleaning and Prevention -$110,610 budgeted for 2023
Through April 6, expended funds estimated at $50,000
Averaging $5,500 per weekly cleanup
The annual cost to do cleanups on a weekly basis is $286,000 -$110,610 (current budgeted
offer) = $175,390 additional funding request from CFC
Request for additional funds is $175k in order to:
•Continue to do weekly cleanups
•RV towing (approximately $2-3k each)
•Debris boom pilot project at Warren Lake/Larimer Ditch #2 ($10,000)
$50k-70k for abandoned construction site in Old Town North –could be recouped so not included
in the additional funds needed Page 48 of 76
13Next Steps
•Continue to collect data with a focus on data integrity
•Analyze how increased cleanups affect behavior changes
•Improvements to the Field Maps app
•Onboarding of PFA
•Track resources offered
•Continue to look for ways to mitigate hot spots
•Continue to explore additional programs to assist PEH
•Regional collaboration in resources
•Understand root causes of homelessness in our community
•Understand staffing needs
•Point-in-time count released indicates PEH has grown:
•2023: 273 sheltered, 120 unsheltered
•2022: 263 sheltered, 84 unsheltered
Page 49 of 76
14
Page 50 of 76
16
How do camp cleanups get prioritized?
Safety and security for public including people experiencing homelessness
Impacts to environmental health
Potential impact to infrastructure
Public visibility
Risk of potential expansion
Significant debris
Page 51 of 76
17What is the process for a cleanup?
•Camps are identified via:
•Access Fort Collins cases
•Service Area Requests via
Councilmember or City Manager
•Natural Areas ranger
•Parks ranger
•Code enforcement
•Transfort
•Police Services
•Poudre Fire Authority
•Added to Field Maps app
•Assessment is done for priority sites to
determine schedule for weekly contractor
•Estimates of how many trash bags
are needed, hours per site
•Schedule reviewed at weekly tactical
coordination meeting
•Staff to include HOPE will accompany
contractors for the cleanup
•Data is collected on how many cubic
yards of waste and Sharps are
diverted
•Staff hours is also collected
Page 52 of 76
18
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Camps Sharps Time (standard hours)
2017-2022 Totals
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Page 53 of 76
19
0
50
100
150
200
250
Natural Areas Parks Private Property Stormwater / Utilities Streets OtherQUANTITY OF CAMPSPROPERTY OWNER
2017-2022 Camps (by property owener)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Page 54 of 76
20579 total encampments in 2022
0
50
100
150
200
250
NATURAL AREAS PARKS PRIVATE PROPERTY STORMWATER UTILITES STREETS OTHER
236
133
103
23
75
9QUANTITY OF CAMPSPROPERTY OWNER
2022 CAMPS
Page 55 of 76
21
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
NATURAL AREAS PARKS PRIVATE PROPERTY STORMWATER UTILITES STREETS OTHER
398
607 612
190
189 206
2022 Quantity (number of bags)
Page 56 of 76
22
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
NATURAL AREAS PARKS PRIVATE PROPERTY STORMWATER UTILITES STREETS OTHER
96
158 167
61 49
643
QUANTITY2022 SHARPS
Page 57 of 76
232022 Data
Cleanup days with contractors –25 Days
Total Cost from Contractors -$157,567.53
Average Cost per Cleanup -$6,302.70
Total camps cleaned –579 Camps
Total hours for all work –1,120 Hours
Total sharps disposed –1174 Sharps
General waste disposed –391 cu yds (2203 bags)
Diverted from landfill –133 Shopping Carts / 45 cu yds metal recycling / 13 pallets / 25 bicycles / 250 bike
tires / 2 cu yds bulky plastics / several broken electronics
Page 58 of 76
Page 59 of 76
COUNCIL FINANCE COMMITTEE
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
Staff: Blaine Dunn, Accounting Director
Randy Bailey, Controller
Date: May 4, 2023
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
Selection of independent auditor for City, PFA, and Library
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is to solicit consensus from the Committee regarding:
• The process for selecting an independent auditor for an up-to five-year period
A Request for Proposal (RFP) will be issued this summer for audit services. The process is
designed to ensure the selected firm meets the City’s requirements and has the knowledge,
experience, and reputation in auditing similar entities.
An annual external audit by an independent CPA firm is required by Statute, Charter, debt
covenants, and virtually all grant agreements.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
Staff seeks input on:
• Evaluation criteria for selection of the independent auditor
• Desired modification to historical processes for selection, if any
• Preference on number of firms to be interviewed by the committee
BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION
Auditor Rotation
Multi-year contracts are limited to 5 years by City Code. The City does have a mandatory auditor
rotation policy in City Code. The Code specifies no firm is eligible for more than two
consecutive five-year terms. If the incumbent does respond to the RFP for a second five-year
term, they must assign a new lead partner to conduct the audit. The City’s current audit firm is in
their first five year term and will be allowed to respond should they meet the above
requirements.
Page 60 of 76
GFOA best practice guidance acknowledges that private sector and publicly-traded SEC filing
entities have rotation practices mandated by regulatory authorities or their own bylaws. In the
public sector, GFOA cautions that sometimes it is difficult to get enough qualified responses if
the incumbent is disallowed.
The below table shows a 30-year history of audit firms the City has engaged.
1993 Bondi 2005 Bondi 2017 RSM (McGladrey)
1994 Bondi 2006 Bondi 2018 BKD
1995 Bondi 2007 Bondi 2019 BKD
1996 Bondi 2008 McGladrey & Pullen 2020 BKD
1997 Bondi 2009 McGladrey & Pullen 2021 Forvis (BKD)
1998 Bondi 2010 McGladrey 2022 Forvis (BKD)
1999 Bondi 2011 McGladrey
2000 Bondi 2012 McGladrey
2001 Bondi 2013 McGladrey
2002 Bondi 2014 McGladrey
2003 Bondi 2015 McGladrey
2004 Bondi 2016 RSM (McGladrey)
Timeline and Process
Staff proposes to release a Request for Proposal (RFP) in July. The proposed evaluation criteria,
all to be equally weighed at 25% and in no particular order, would be:
• Scope of proposal
• Assigned personnel qualifications
• Cost and work hours
• Firm capability & reputation
A staff committee, including staff members from City, Library and PFA will evaluate written
proposals and recommend the top firms for presentation to the Finance Committee.
Interviews would be conducted at a special Finance Committee meeting in August with the City
Purchasing Director serving as Purchasing Agent and facilitator. The Committee’s
recommendation would be presented to the full Council for adoption via Resolution, thereby
authorizing the Purchasing Agent to enter into an agreement with the awarded firm for the 2023
fiscal year audit, renewable annually through the 2027 audit.
ATTACHMENTS
1. PowerPoint Presentation
2. GFOA Best Practice: Audit Procurement
3. GFOA Article: Understanding the Audit
Page 61 of 76
Auditor Selection
Process
05-04-23
Blaine Dunn
Accounting Director
Randy Bailey
Controller
Page 62 of 76
•Evaluation criteria for selection of the independent auditor
•Desired modification to historical processes for selection, if any
•Preference on number of firms to be interviewed by the committee
2Council Finance Direction
Page 63 of 76
3Background
Article II, Section 17 of Charter requires Council shall provide for an independent audit at least annually
Also required by State, granting agencies, and debtholders
Current contract is in its fifth and final year, necessitating a competitive selection
Historically, Finance Committee has served as the interview panel and Council has made its selection
by Resolution
Page 64 of 76
4Roles & Responsibilities
Management’s Role
•Preparation and fair presentation of financial
statements
•Design, implementation and maintenance of
internal controls
•Providing auditor with access to information
Committee’s Role
•Selection and appointment of independent
auditors
•Reviewing nature and scope of
engagement
•Independent review and oversight over:
•Financial reporting
•Internal controls
•Independent auditors
Page 65 of 76
5Auditor Rotation
•Multi-year contracts are limited to 5 years by City Code
•City Code does require a mandatory auditor rotation
•No firm is eligible for more than two consecutive five-year terms
•During second 5-year term, auditor firm must assign new lead partner to conduct the audit
•Table shows 30-year history of audit firms the City has engaged
1993 Bondi 2003 Bondi 2013 McGladrey
1994 Bondi 2004 Bondi 2014 McGladrey
1995 Bondi 2005 Bondi 2015 McGladrey
1996 Bondi 2006 Bondi 2016 RSM (McGladrey)
1997 Bondi 2007 Bondi 2017 RSM (McGladrey)
1998 Bondi 2008 McGladrey & Pullen 2018 BKD
1999 Bondi 2009 McGladrey & Pullen 2019 BKD
2000 Bondi 2010 McGladrey 2020 BKD
2001 Bondi 2011 McGladrey 2021 Forvis (BKD)
2002 Bondi 2012 McGladrey 2022 Forvis (BKD)Page 66 of 76
6Proposed Timeline and Criteria
RFP Issued June
Proposed Criteria
1) Scope of Proposal
2)Assigned personnel qualifications
3)Cost and work hours
4)Firm capability and reputation
Staff Evaluation July
•Staff team will evaluate written proposals and narrow to finalists
Finance Committee Interviews August
•Public interviews of finalists
•Supported by City Staff as the purchasing agent for scoring, timekeeping, and communications with candidates
Page 67 of 76
7Committee Direction
•Evaluation criteria for selection of the independent auditor
•Any changes to proposed criteria?
•Desired modification to historical processes for selection, if any
•Preference on number of firms to be interviewed by the committee
Page 68 of 76
4/24/23, 9:35 AM Audit Procurement
https://www.gfoa.org/materials/audit-procurement 1/3
The Government Finance O cers Association (GFOA) has long recommended that state and
local governmental entities obtain independent audits of their nancial statements, and
single audits, if required based on the entity’s use of federal or state grant funds, performed
in accordance with the appropriate professional auditing standards. Properly performed
audits play a vital role in the public sector by helping to preserve the integrity of the public
nance functions, and by maintaining citizens’ con dence in their elected leaders.
GFOA makes the following recommendations regarding the selection of auditing
services:
The scope of the independent audit should encompass not only the fair presentation of
the basic nancial statements, but also the fair presentation of the nancial statements of
individual funds and component units. Nevertheless, the selection of the appropriate
scope of the independent audit ultimately remains a matter of professional judgment.
Accordingly, those responsible for securing independent audits should make their
decision concerning the appropriate scope of the audit engagement based upon their
BEST PRACTICES
Audit Procurement
Select services that include a broad scope of nancial presentations and perform their audits in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards. Governments
should enter into multiyear agreements and undertake a full-scale competitive selection
process.
Page 69 of 76
4/24/23, 9:35 AM Audit Procurement
https://www.gfoa.org/materials/audit-procurement 2/3
particular government’s speci c needs and circumstances, consistent with applicable
legal requirements.
Governmental entities should require in their audit contracts that the auditors of their
nancial statements perform their audits in accordance with the audit standards
promulgated in the U.S. Government Accountability O ce’s Government Auditing
Standards. Government Auditing Standards, also known as Generally Accepted
Government Auditing Standards (GAGAS), provide a higher level of assurance with regard
to internal control than Generally Accepted Audit Standards (GAAS), which are fully
incorporated into GAGAS.
Governmental entities should enter into multiyear agreements of at least ve years in
duration when obtaining the services of independent auditors. Such multiyear
agreements can take a variety of di erent forms (e.g., a series of single-year contracts),
consistent with applicable legal requirements. Such agreements allow for greater
continuity and help to minimize the potential for disruption in connection with the
independent audit. Multiyear agreements can also help to reduce audit costs by allowing
auditors to recover certain "startup" costs over several years, rather than over a single
year.
Governmental entities should undertake a full-scale competitive process for the selection
of independent auditors at the end of the term of each audit contract, consistent with
applicable legal requirements. While there is some belief that auditor independence is
enhanced by a policy requiring that the independent audit rm be replaced at the end of
each multiyear agreement, unfortunately, the frequent lack of competition among audit
rms fully quali ed to perform public-sector audits could make a policy of mandatory
audit rm rotation counterproductive. In such cases, it is recommended that a
governmental entity actively seek the participation of all quali ed rms, including the
current auditors, assuming that the past performance of the current auditors has proven
satisfactory. Where audit rm rotation does not result from this process, governments
may consider requesting that senior engagement sta , such as engagement partners and
senior managers, be rotated to provide a fresh perspective. Except in cases where a
multiyear agreement has taken the form of a series of single-year contracts, a contractual
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4/24/23, 9:35 AM Audit Procurement
https://www.gfoa.org/materials/audit-procurement 3/3
provision for the automatic renewal of the audit contract (e.g., an automatic second term
for the auditor upon satisfactory performance) is inconsistent with this recommendation.
Professional standards allow independent auditors to perform certain types of nonaudit
services for their audit clients. Any signi cant nonaudit services should always be
approved in advance by a governmental entity’s audit committee. Furthermore,
governmental entities should routinely explore the possibility of alternative service
providers before making a decision to engage their independent auditors to perform
signi cant nonaudit services.
The audit procurement process should be structured so that the principal factor in the
selection of an independent auditor is the auditor’s ability to perform a quality audit.
Price should not be allowed to serve as the sole criterion for the selection of an
independent auditor, rather an independent auditor should have a demonstrated
commitment to the state and local government audit practice.
Notes:
Contract Issues for Governmental Audits - The AICPA State and Local Government
Expert Panel and GFOA worked together to develop this joint article intended to educate
both governments and their auditors about clauses in contracts and engagement letters in
the governmental environment that may not meet AICPA professional standards and that
may create uncertainty about the auditor’s independence.
References:
CPA Audit Quality: A Framework for Procuring Audit Services, U.S. Government
Accountability O ce, August 1987.
Governmental Accounting, Auditing and Financial Reporting (GAAFR), Stephen J.
Gauthier, GFOA, 2012.
Board approval date: Friday, March 8, 2019
Page 71 of 76
Better
Understanding the
Financial Statement Audit
STEPHEN J. GAUTHIER
Page 72 of 76
F or most local governments,the annual financial state-
ment audit is as much a part of the yearly round of pub-
lic finance as the approval of the operating budget.
Despite its routine character,however,the financial statement
audit appears to remain something of mystery to most outside
the auditing profession.This article will attempt to dispel the
cloud of mystery by first briefly reviewing the nature and
purpose of the financial statement audit and then examining
ten specific points of misunderstanding commonly encoun-
tered in practice.
NATURE AND PURPOSE
Anyone entrusted with responsibility for managing finan-
cial resources on behalf of others should provide a full
accounting of that stewardship. For state and local govern-
ments,such an accounting ideally takes the form of financial
statements prepared in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles (GAAP).
It is easy, of course, to imagine circum-
stances where those giving an accounting
of their stewardship might be tempted to
be less than forthcoming, or worse.
Accordingly, those who must rely on
financial statements to make decisions
have traditionally sought the assurance of
a disinterested third party to justify that
reliance.That third party, of course, is the
independent auditor.
Role of Management.Since management is responsible
for the stewardship of financial resources,it is also primarily
responsible for preparing the financial statements that give an
accounting of that stewardship. Even when management
seeks outside help to prepare the financial statements, it
remains responsible for their contents, just as taxpayers
remain responsible for their tax returns,even if the returns are
prepared by paid tax professionals.Thus,managers must take
ownership of their financial reporting. Generally accepted
auditing standards (GAAS) require that managers do so
explicitly in the form of a management representation letter.
Role of Internal Control.It would be hard to place confi-
dence in an approval process that amounted to little more
than affixing initials to documents without first examining
them.So too,it would hardly be meaningful for management
to assume responsibility for the data presented in financial
statements if management did not have some reasonable
basis for doing so.That reasonable basis can be provided only
by a comprehensive framework of internal control.
Role of the Governing Body. While management is
primarily responsible for financial reporting (including the
comprehensive framework of internal control used to gener-
ate the financial statements), the governing body remains
ultimately responsible for ensuring that management meets
its responsibilities in this regard.Typically,an audit committee,
comprising members of the governing body, provides the
necessary oversight.
Objective of Fair Presentation.Precision comes at a
price.That price can be justified only if the resulting benefits
exceed their cost. In real life, few decisions require that
amounts in financial statements be exact “down to the penny.”
Thus, the goal of financial statements is fairness rather than
absolute accuracy.That is,the objective of financial reporting
is a presentation that is free from material
misstatement (i.e.,an error of such signifi-
cance that it could affect decisions made
based on it).
Concept of Reasonable Assurance.
Considerations of cost benefit also affect
the work of the independent auditor. It
would typically be impractical for the
independent auditor to examine each
and every transaction. Instead, auditors
seek reasonable assurance that amounts are fairly presented
by testing samples of items.
TEN COMMON POINTS OF MISUNDERSTANDING
No. 1: Fair presentation is not equivalent to financial
health (i.e.,a good picture is not necessarily a pretty pic-
ture).People frequently criticize the independent auditors
when they find out that a government currently experiencing
financial difficulties received an unqualified (i.e., “clean”)
opinion on the fair presentation of its financial statements.Yet
there is no inconsistency between a government receiving an
unqualified opinion on the fairness of its financial statements
and that same government experiencing financial difficulties.
The financial statement audit is designed to vouch for the
reliability of the financial statements,not the soundness of the
finances they portray. Just as the image of something unat-
tractive in a photograph is no indication of a defective cam-
June 2009 | Government Finance Review 45
Despite its routine character,
the financial statement audit
appears to remain something
of mystery to most outside
the auditing profession.
Page 73 of 76
46 Government Finance Review | June 2009
era, poor financial condition is in no way inconsistent with
fair financial statement presentation.
No. 2: Financial statement audits are not designed to
detect all instances of fraud, abuse, and program non-
compliance (i.e., smaller items may be expected to fly
under the radar screen).Many people assume that the prin-
cipal goal of a financial statement audit is to uncover fraud,
abuse,and instances of program noncompliance.In fact,the
discovery of such items is only incidental to the purpose of a
financial statement audit.
As already explained,the true purpose of a financial state-
ment audit is to achieve reasonable (rather than absolute)
assurance that the financial statements are fairly (rather than
accurately) presented. Accordingly, the audit is designed to
detect only those instances of fraud,abuse,or program non-
compliance that would be material (i.e.,significant enough to
affect decisions made based on the financial statements).
Needless to say, many, if not most, instances of fraud, abuse,
and program noncompliance fail to reach this threshold and
thus “fall between the cracks”of a financial statement audit.
The independent auditors will, of course, report any
instances of fraud, abuse, and program noncompliance that
they do encounter while performing the audit (unless it is
clearly inconsequential), regardless of materiality. Still, the
financial statement audit is not designed to identify immateri-
al instances of fraud,abuse,and program noncompliance,nor
is it likely to do so.
No. 3: Size is not the sole consideration in judging
materiality (i.e.,big things can come in small packages).
Sometimes a government’s managers and its auditors will
disagree as to whether a specific item should be treated as
material. Such disagreements arise, as often as not, from a
mistaken notion that size is the sole criterion for judging
materiality.As discussed earlier,however,an item is considered
to be material based on its potential for changing a decision.
Clearly a relatively small amount could have just that effect
in the right circumstances (e.g., the difference between a
surplus and a deficit, the difference between a positive and
a negative trend, a legal or contractual violation). That is,
materiality has a qualitative as well as a quantitative dimen-
sion.Viewed another way,the very fact that the materiality of
an item is being debated would seem to be an argument in
favor of its importance (i.e.,materiality) to someone.
No.4:Quantitative materiality needs to be assessed in
relation to individual major funds and to each of the gov-
ernment-wide activity columns (the big picture is not
good enough).Private-sector business enterprises do not use
fund accounting;therefore,quantitative materiality is assessed
in relation to the enterprise’s financial statements “taken as
a whole.” Conversely, in the public sector, quantitative
materiality is assessed separately for each major fund (and
for nonmajor funds in the aggregate). It also is assessed
separately for the governmental activities and business-type
activities columns reported in the government-wide financial
statements.As a result, an amount that might not have been
material from the perspective of the government “taken as a
whole”may be material from the narrower vantage point of an
individual major fund or activity column.
No. 5: You cannot assess the reliability of data yet
ignore the system that generates the data (it is risky to
trust unreliable people, even when they appear to be
telling the truth).There are two fundamental approaches an
auditor can take to determine the reliability of data presented
in financial statements. One approach is to directly test a
given item (e.g., confirm the amount reported as cash on
deposit with the bank).The other approach is to test the relia-
Page 74 of 76
bility of the underlying system that generates the data (e.g.,
validate the amount reported as vendor payables by testing
the reliability of the processing of transactions in the pur-
chasing system).Auditors describe the first approach as sub-
stantive testing and the second as the testing of controls.
There was a time in the not-so-distant past when auditors
could choose to rely on the substantive testing to the virtual
exclusion of tests of controls.More recently,the audit profes-
sion has concluded that auditors can never simply bypass the
testing of controls.The basic notion behind the change is that
no amount of substantive testing can counterbalance the
unreliability inherent in data generated by a system that is
fundamentally flawed (i.e.,just as it would be hard to justify
relying on the assertions of an individual known to be dis-
honest, incompetent, or otherwise unreli-
able).Thus,the independent auditor must
always assess the reliability of the internal
controls that support financial reporting.
No. 6:Auditors must report control
weaknesses even if those weaknesses
had no effect on the fair presentation
of the financial statements (you can-
not afford to ignore cracks in a dam).
It is possible, of course, to leave the front
door of the house open wide upon leav-
ing for work in the morning and still come
home at night to find that nothing has
been stolen. Such an outcome does not
diminish the seriousness of the risk posed
by leaving the door of a house wide open
all day long with everyone gone. Likewise, auditors are
required to disclose significant deficiencies as part of the audit
even if it can be clearly established that no harm actually
resulted from those deficiencies.
No. 7: Auditors are not allowed to perform any task
that would compromise their independence (you cannot
be both judge and defense attorney).A government’s inde-
pendent auditors possess a wealth of experience and expert-
ise that managers understandably wish to draw upon.
Accordingly, auditors routinely provide clients with profes-
sional advice on a broad range of topics.All the same,audi-
tors must refrain from placing themselves in the position of
having to audit their own work, which would occur if they
were to perform managerial tasks (e.g., approving payroll,
making journal entries) or a special assignment whose work
product fell within the scope of the audit (e.g., selection or
implementation of general ledger software). Thus, the inde-
pendent auditors are severely restricted in the types of non-
audit work they may perform for a governmental client.
No. 8: Audit fees cannot be the principal factor in
selecting an audit firm (you often get what you pay for).
The quality of professional services will naturally vary with
the professional that performs them.GAAP for state and local
governments are substantially different from private-sector
GAAP,just as public-sector auditing typically requires expert-
ise well beyond GAAS (e.g.,Government Auditing Standards,
also known as the “Yellow Book”or generally accepted govern-
ment auditing standards—GAGAS, and the Single Audit).
Therefore, in the audit procurement
process, it is essential that a government
first determine whether a firm possesses
the requisite expertise and experience to
perform a quality audit before consider-
ing price. Unfortunately, it is easy for gov-
ernments to allow price to trump all other
considerations in the auditor selection
process, which often has led to substan-
dard audits.A substandard audit is not a
bargain at any price.
No. 9: It is in the government’s best
interest to sign a multi-year audit con-
tract (why pay more for the same
thing?).In an initial audit of a set of finan-
cial statements, the new auditors must
incur substantial costs to gain an understanding of and doc-
ument the environment in which the government operates
and its framework of internal control.In subsequent years,the
auditor typically needs only to update that understanding
and documentation. In a competitive, multi-year audit con-
tract process,proposing audit firms can spread the initial cost
over the entire term of the contract to arrive at the lowest pos-
sible bid.Conversely,if a government contracts for the finan-
cial statement audit only one year at a time,proposing firms
must include the entire initial cost as part of the fee for that
year or risk incurring a loss should the firm’s contract not be
renewed. Accordingly, the Government Finance Officers
Association recommends that governments minimize poten-
tial audit costs by entering into multi-year audit contracts of
no less than five years.
June 2009 | Government Finance Review 47
Even when management
seeks outside help to pre-
pare the financial statements,
it remains responsible for
their contents,just as taxpay-
ers remain responsible for
their tax returns, even if the
returns are prepared by paid
tax professionals.
Page 75 of 76
48 Government Finance Review | June 2009
No. 10: Mandatory auditor rotation may pose special
risks in the public sector (do not force yourself into a
bad decision).Many people believe that periodically chang-
ing audit firms offers real advantages such as a fresh outlook
and greater independence from management. Accordingly,
many private-sector business enterprises and not-for-profits
mandate that a new audit firm be selected periodically.
The potential benefits of auditor rotation depend on the
presence of a sufficient number of qualified firms being inter-
ested in performing the audit.Unfortunately,such is often not
the case in the public sector, where the highly specialized
character of governmental GAAP and governmental auditing
standards often severely restrict the number of qualified firms
in a given location.Accordingly,a policy of mandatory auditor
rotation,when applied to state and local governments,could
force a government into the position of hiring a less-than fully
qualified replacement for its current independent auditor.
Given these facts, the best course of action for most
governments is to mandate an aggressive procurement effort
at the end of the audit contract to maximize the possibility
for auditor rotation, without precluding the current audit
firm from participating. Furthermore, many of the potential
benefits of auditor rotation could be achieved by rotating the
personnel assigned to the engagement within the current
auditing firm.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no reason for the financial statement audit to
remain a mystery for managers and others outside the audit-
ing profession.Gaining a better understanding of the financial
statement audit and the principles that underlie it should help
all concerned to better cooperate toward the common goal
of greater accountability.❙
STEPHEN J. GAUTHIER is director of the GFOA’s Technical Services
Center in Chicago, Illinois.
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