HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 09/01/2020 - FIRST READING OF ORDINANCE NO. 109, 2020, AMENDING Agenda Item 9
Item # 9 Page 1
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY September 1, 2020
City Council
STAFF
Delynn Coldiron, City Clerk
Rita Knoll, Chief Deputy City Clerk
Ryan Malarky, Legal
SUBJECT
First Reading of Ordinance No. 109, 2020, Amending the Code of the City of Fort Collins to Modify and Update
Requirements and Procedures for City Elections and Campaign Finance in City Elections.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is to consider proposed amendments to the City’s election campaign Code provisions.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends adoption of the Ordinance on First Reading.
BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION
In 2015, Council formed an ad hoc committee to review, discuss and recommend changes to the City Code
and Charter regarding elections and other related matters. In 2017, Council made the ad hoc committee a
standing committee of the Council (the Election Code Committee or ECC) for the purpose of identifying and
evaluating ideas for improvements to City election laws and practices and anticipating adjustments that may
be needed to adapt to a rapidly changing legal and technological environment. Mayor Troxell and
Councilmembers Pignataro and Summers are the current members of the ECC. Councilmember Pignataro
serves as the Chair.
At the August 25, 2020 Work Session, Council reviewed recommended changes to Chapter 7 of the Code of
the City of Fort Collins related to campaigns and campaign finance in City elections from the Election Code
Committee. The items contained in this Ordinance represent all items the El ection Code Committee reached
consensus on, as well as one clean-up item requested by staff. A Work Session summary is attached.
(Attachment 1).
A summary of the proposed amendments follows:
Financial Disclosure Filing Date for Councilmembers (Section 2-636):
Staff is recommending that a change occur to Section 2-636 to align filing requirements for seated
Councilmembers and newly elected Councilmembers so that the filing deadline falls on the same date (May 15
each year). Currently, newly elected Councilmembers must file no later than 30 days after their election. In an
election year, half the Council is filing in early May, and the other half is filing mid -May. This proposed
amendment will cause all Councilmembers to file under the same deadline.
The City Manager and City Attorney are required to file a financial disclosure statement no later than 30 days
after his or her appointment, and then annually no later than May 15. No change is recommended to
provisions affecting the City Manager and City Attorney.
Agenda Item 9
Item # 9 Page 2
This item was not discussed by the Election Code Committee.
Campaign Contributions/Expenditures (Section 7-135):
Adding Section 7-135(f) clarifies that no issue committee, small-scale issue committee or political committee
shall make a contribution or contribution in kind to any candidate committee.
Elimination of Non-Itemized Contributions (Section 7-136):
Currently all candidate committees, political committees and issue committees must report all contributions
and contributions in kind received in the amount of $20 or more. Members of the public attending ECC
meetings expressed concerns about a lack of transparency resulting from not requiring the same disclosure for
contributions and contributions in kind that are less than $20. One e xample provided was the use of a jar or
“fishbowl” at election events where contributions are accepted without any documentation regarding the
amount of individual contributions. Such fishbowls or other undocumented small contributions are problematic
since there is no way to ensure a contributor is not exceeding contribution limits. This proposal eliminates
anonymous donations and requires that all donations, no matter the amount, be reported.
Use of Unexpended City Campaign Funds in Non-City Elections and Carry-Over of Candidate Committee
Contributions to the Next Election Cycle (Section 7-138):
Amending Section 7-138(a)(2) will enable unexpended campaign contributions to a candidate committee to be
contributed to a candidate committee established by the same candidate for a subsequent campaign in a
federal, state, county or city election, subject to campaign finance laws applicable to federal, state and county
elections. Currently, the Code allows that unexpended contributions can only be used for a s ubsequent city
campaign. In order to avoid any effect on current Councilmember committees, the change applies only to
Council candidate committees formed after January 1, 2021.
Amending Section 7-138(e) will make unexpended campaign contributions held by a candidate committee after
an election available for use in a subsequent election if the candidate registers a candidate committee for a
City office in a subsequent election. Currently, candidate committees can contribute unexpended campaign
contributions to a new candidate committee, with a new name, established by the same candidate for a
subsequent election, but must close the current candidate committee no later than 10 days after establishing
the new candidate committee. With this change, the candidate will need to re-register the candidate
committee, but need not form a new committee or change the committee name. This change is intended to
reduce the administrative burden on those candidates and their committees that intend to participate in a
subsequent City election. The carryover funds will be the beginning fund balance for use in the subsequent
election and will not count against any contribution limit attributable to any past contributor in a prior election
campaign. If a candidate does not register a candidate committee for a City office in a subsequent election,
the unexpended campaign contributions may be used as otherwise set forth in Section 7-138.
Changes to the Campaign Finance Violation Process (Section 7 -136, Section 7-143, Section 7-145,
Section 7-146, Section 7-150):
This language amends several sections of the City Code to establish a civil infraction process, whereby a set
civil penalty may be imposed against a candidate or committee for certain campaign finance violations.
Most violations would no longer be criminal misdemeanors, meaning there would no longer be a risk of
imprisonment or loss of office. However, the following violations are proposed to remain criminal
misdemeanors: (1) when a person violates disclosure require ments with the intent to fraudulently misrepresent
contributions or expenditures; (2) when a person offers a candidate or candidate committee money or anything
of value to withdraw, or a candidate offers to withdraw for money or anything of value; or (3) w hen a person
commits a violation or violations after already being found liable for two violations, all in a single election cycle.
In the latter case, the third and any subsequent violation would be a misdemeanor.
Agenda Item 9
Item # 9 Page 3
Alleged criminal violations would not be subject to the civil infraction process but would remain subject to
review by the City Attorney’s Office for probable cause.
Under this new civil infraction process, the respondent will be notified of any complaint received. The City
Attorney or their designee will review the complaint for legal sufficiency. If the City Attorney determines the
complaint is sufficient, the alleged violator (the “respondent”) will be notified of the presumptive penalty and
given the opportunity to pay the penalty or have seven (7) days to submit written evidence of correction of the
violation or diligent efforts to correct the violation. If the respondent fails to act, or the City Attorney determines
the respondent has not corrected the alleged violation and otherwise substantially complied with its legal
obligations, the respondent will be given the choice to pay an associated penalty or to contest the complaint
through a hearing before the Municipal Court following the City’s already -established procedures for civil
infractions in Chapter 19, Article V of the City Code. It is expected that an assistant judge would be assigned
to handle any such proceeding in the Municipal Court to avoid any actual conflicts of interest the Chief Judge
may have or the appearance of such conflict of interest.
Just as with other civil infractions, if a penalty is imposed by the Municipal Court but goes unpaid, the City
would have the authority to collect the penalty as a debt to the City. Candidates would be personally liable for
penalties. Candidates would be allowed to use campaign contributions to pay penalties.
Specifically, the proposed changes would:
1. Amend Section 7-136(g) to make reports that are incomplete or inconsistent with Code requirements to be
subject to the penalties and process outlined in Section 7-143.
2. Amend Section 7-143(a) to create a schedule of violations subject to civil penalties with an associated
dollar amount.
3. Create a new Section 7-143(b) to clarify that a misdemeanor, subject to a fine or imprisonment in
accordance with Section 1-15 would continue for the following:
a) A person or committee that violates disclosure requirements with the intent to fraudulently
misrepresent contributions or expenditures; or
b) A person who offers a candidate or candidate committee money or anything of value to withdraw, or a
candidate who offers to withdraw for money or anything of value; or
c) When a person is found liable for a violation after the person is found liable for two (2) or more
violations under Chapter 7, Article V in a single election cycle.
4. Amend Section 7-143(c) to clarify that failure to comply with the provisions of this Article will have no effect
on the validity of any election, except as expressly required by the City Charter.
5. Amend Section 7-145(c) to make it clear that the City Clerk will forward any complaints received that allege
a criminal violation to the respondent as well as the City Attorney.
6. Create a new Section 7-145(d) related to processing complaints that do not allege a c riminal violation and
sets out the civil infraction process that will be utilized.
7. Amend Section 7-146 to clarify that the City Attorney will continue to review those complaints that concern
criminal violations as opposed to civil infractions.
8. Eliminate Section 7-150 which currently allows a citizen complainant to bring a civil action in state
district court after either receiving written notification from the City Clerk that the City Attorney determined filing
a summons and complaint is inappropriate, or after one hundred eighty (180) days of filing the complaint,
whichever occurs first. Staff is proposing this be removed due to recent case law calling into question the
constitutionality of similar citizen enforcement mechanisms at the state election level.
The City Attorney will need to use an outside attorney, as in past practice, when a complaint is against a
Council candidate. The Chief Judge will also likely need to use an assistant judge. The need to use an
outside attorney for initial review and a special judge may have some budget implications that have not yet
been addressed. The assistant judge would likely be an outside judge under contract for assistant judge
services, as with other assistant judges in the Municipal Court. The assista nt judge contract would be
Agenda Item 9
Item # 9 Page 4
managed by the Chief Judge and the Municipal Court, while the outside legal counsel for initial review of
complaints, as needed, would be retained by the City Attorney’s Office.
The ECC discussed two additional issues and encou raged staff to bring them forward to the entire Council for
discussion. These items include regulation of Limited Liability Company (LLC) contributions and limiting
contributions to political committees.
Regulation of Limited Liability Company contributions and placing a limitation on contributions to Political
Committees are moving forward to Council under separate ordinance as requested at the April 25, 2020 Work
Session.
CITY FINANCIAL IMPACTS
Any financial impacts as a result of these amendments will be negligible.
PUBLIC OUTREACH
Meetings of the Election Code Committee are posted on the City’s website in advance of the meeting. Several
members of the community regularly attend Committee meetings and provide input on topics on the agenda
and other items of interest. Draft minutes from these meetings are attached. (Attachment 2).
ATTACHMENTS
1. Work Session Summary (PDF)
2. Election Code Committee Minutes (PDF)
City Clerk
300 LaPorte Avenue
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6515
970.221.6295 - fax
fcgov.com
MEMORANDUM
DATE: August 27, 2020
TO: Mayor Troxell and City Councilmembers
THRU: Darin Atteberry, City Manager
Kelly DiMartino, Deputy City Manager
FROM: Delynn Coldiron, City Clerk
RE: 08-25-2020 Work Session Summary: Possible Election Code Amendments
Councilmembers Present: Mayor Troxell, Mayor Pro Tem Stephens, Councilmembers Cunniff,
Pignataro, Gorgol, Gutowsky and Summers.
Overview:
Staff presented recommendations from the Election Code Committee (ECC) on proposed election-related
Code amendments, including:
1.Elimination of non-itemized contributions
2.Use of unexpected city campaign funds in non-city elections
3.Carry-over of Candidate Committee contributions to the next election cycle
4.Changes to the campaign finance violation process
Staff also presented information about two issues that had been discussed by the ECC for which no
recommendation had been made:
5.Regulation of Limited Liability Company contributions
6.Limitation of contributions to Political Committees
Staff also presented one “clean up” change that had not been considered by the ECC:
7.Financial Disclosure statement filing
Council Discussion:
Most Councilmembers expressed full agreement with all items that the ECC had reached consensus on.
Those items will move forward as part of the Consent Agenda at the next regular meeting.
Councilmembers asked for an additional opportunity to discuss regulation of Limited Liability Company
contributions and placing limitations on contributions to Political Committees. They requested that these
items move forward under a separate ordinance and be placed on the Discussion Agenda as soon as
possible. Council was appreciative of the work that had been done by the ECC and staff related to these
items. They particularly liked the new civil penalty process that allows for less severe consequences for
most campaign violations.
DocuSign Envelope ID: AA984188-C2CE-4739-A8EC-F629660FE8B1 ATTACHMENT 1
Work Session Follow Up – Election Code Items
August 27, 2020
Page 2
Follow Up:
Staff plans to bring both ordinances to Council at their September 1, 2020 regular meeting.
Discussion on potential Charter changes are planned for the December 8, 2020 Work Session.
DocuSign Envelope ID: AA984188-C2CE-4739-A8EC-F629660FE8B1
City of Fort Collins Page 1
September 6, 2019
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
3:30 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers (via telephone),
STAFF PRESENT: Ryan Malarkey, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Sara Gonzales
CITIZENS PRESENT: Marge Norskog, Jody Deschenes, Robbie Moreland, Roxanne Griffin, Dale
Karchin, Suzanne Trask, David Turk, Kathryn Secor, Mike Feldhousen, Karen
Wagner, Jen Rossi
1.CALL MEETING TO ORDER
Mayor Troxell called the meeting to order.
2.ELECTION OF COMMITTEE CHAIR
Councilmember Pignataro expressed interest in being the Committee Chair. Mayor Troxell and
Councilmember Summers accepted the nomination.
3.CITIZEN COMMENT
Marge Norskog discussed the role of the City Clerk's Office in elections-to cover the election process and
two election management tasks: to answer questions when asked and to take action if a report is not filed
on time. She noted the Office was denied additional funding in 2019 to expand election management. She
discussed the 18 complaints she and others filed in the April 2019 election, all of which were based on
observations. Moving forward, Ms. Norskog stated small scale issue committees should be required to
report the zero to $199 spent once they reach the $200 threshold that requires reporting. Independent
expenditures under $250 are currently exempt from “paid for by” requirements, which causes a loophole in
anonymous speech. Additionally, someone convicted of a felony who has since had their voting rights
restored should be able to run for Council and suggested the election software be able to accommodate
online reporting by campaigns and committees and support ranked choice voting.
Robbie Moreland stated it is important that consistent oversight is given to ensure election code is being
followed. She reviewed financial disclosures for the past three April elections and requested the Committee
consider addressing non-itemized contributions or donations under $20 to clarify their proper use and
purpose. She requested the Committee address campaign donations from LLCs. She would like the City's
Election Code to match that of the state in order to ensure that individuals no longer have an advantage
over others through the use of multiple LLCs.
Karen Wagner expressed concern about low voter turnout and questioned why the Committee has gone
so long without meeting. She requested the Committee have a regular monthly meeting.
Jan Rossi expressed concern there is no campaign compliance oversight.
Roxanne Griffin stated the citizens of Fort Collins have the right to know who is paying for political
advertisements, including independent expenditures. Transparency plays a key role in a voter's ability to
evaluate the merits of political campaign messaging. She requested the Committee consider future steps
needed to ensure transparency and compliance with Election Codes.
Jody Deschenes requested the Committee address guidelines for election office employment or ineligibility
thereof. She would like to help elevate the City's election process and stated there should be a higher
standard of transparency. She discussed her group’s three areas of focus: independent, fair, and
transparent redistricting, ranked choice voting, and taking any and all measures necessary to mitigate the
negative influence of money on campaigns, elections, and government. She will be submitting three
resolutions related to these issues.
Councilmember Summers thanked the citizens who spoke and stated requiring “paid for by” statements on
web pages and social media is a way to catch people doing misdeeds. He suggested the focus needs to
be on other issues. He stated Fort Collins' $75 maximum contribution limit may be lowest of any city in
ATTACHMENT 2
City of Fort Collins Page 2
Colorado; therefore, transparency concerns should focus more on flyers and robocalls. He would support
on-line reporting but opposed ranked choice voting.
Mayor Troxell thanked the speakers and stated that, while transparency is important, he believes the
complaint-based system has worked and he would be concerned about implementing changes that would
dissuade candidates from participating.
Councilmember Pignataro asked if it would be appropriate for the Committee to make a decision on LLCs
as all three of their names appear on the list of candidates with LLC donations. Chief Deputy City Clerk
Knoll noted the Committee would be making a recommendation to Council with Council being the body that
would ultimately make any changes to the Election Code.
Councilmember Pignataro asked about the scheduling of the Committee meetings. City Clerk Coldiron
replied the meetings have been set for every other month for the rest of the year; however, that can be
adjusted as necessary.
4. APPROVAL OF AUGUST 2, 2018 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to adopt the August 2, 2018
Committee meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
5. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. Review of the scope of the Election Code Committee and past accomplishments
Assistant City Attorney Ryan Malarkey discussed the history of the Election Code Committee and various
Election Code changes made by Council, after recommendation by the Committee.
Councilmember Pignataro asked how far prior to an election any Election Code changes need to be put
into place. Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll replied they would ideally be in place by September.
Mayor Troxell requested feedback on changes that were made prior to the April 2019 election. Chief Deputy
City Clerk Knoll replied the additional required campaign finance reports placed a stress on the workload,
as did the large number of candidates. She also noted there were additional ballot processing requirements
that needed to be implemented, including signature verification and a new tabulation system.
City Clerk Coldiron commented on the relationship with the County which provides County workers in the
City Clerk's Office to help with registrations and other issues. The County is also considering letting the
City use its ballot box.
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll stated the marketing campaign appeared to have been successful in getting
people to check registrations early which decreased the walk-in traffic. She discussed the changes made
relating to UOCAVA voters and to extending the time for signature discrepancies to be cured.
Mayor Troxell commended the election and its transparency given the number of new processes. He
stated he would be slow to act in making additional changes citing the importance of predictability and
stability.
Councilmember Summers stated he could find some interesting results that would come from ranked voting
at a local level.
Councilmember Pignataro asked if there are clear guidelines about impartiality for election workers. Chief
Deputy City Clerk Knoll replied that had not typically been an issue; however, a complaint was received
from a candidate related to contact from Ms. Deschenes which is why she was not selected for election
employment. She stated staff has determined a more complex application and vetting process will occur
in the future.
City Clerk Coldiron stated staff will work with Human Resources and the City Attorney's Office to formalize
the election worker hiring process.
City of Fort Collins Page 3
b. Overview of April 2019 election
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll discussed turnout numbers, noting the number of registered voters is
constantly changing. Receiving 32,000 ballots for a local election is a good turnout. She reviewed the
election worker roles, overseas voter numbers, signature discrepancy corrections, new processes and
equipment, campaign law changes, and election cost.
Councilmember Pignataro asked if it is a requirement that ballots first go to Denver for processing through
the mail. Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll replied in the affirmative but noted there is an agreement in place
with the Fort Collins post offices to hold any ballots they get on Election Day.
c. Background on recent changes to Election Code
City Clerk Coldiron reviewed changes made to the Election Code prior to the April election. She also
reviewed the complaints received during the election, stating two, relating to “paid for by” requirements on
flyers, yard signs, campaign websites and a Facebook page, have been forwarded for additional
investigation.
Councilmember Pignataro asked why other complaints related to a Facebook pages have been dismissed
while one remains. Assistant City Attorney Malarkey replied he could not make detailed comments as the
investigation is ongoing.
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll noted Fort Collins, as a home-rule city, does not follow the majority of state
laws regarding campaign finance.
Mayor Troxell opposed the severity of the penalty associated with “paid for by” violations and suggested
the Committee consider alternatives. Councilmember Pignataro agreed and suggested the inclusion of
additional language in candidate guidelines.
d. Review of proposed amendments to District-Precinct Map and possible recommendation to be
included in September 17 Council Agenda Item
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll presented a draft agenda item for the September 17 Council meeting related
to precinct changes made by the County. She noted the changes do not affect Council districts.
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to recommend adoption of the
amendment to the City precinct map based on the County's precinct changes. The motion was adopted
unanimously.
e. Redistricting study overview
City Clerk Coldiron stated this communitywide redistricting effort was approved as part of the last budget
cycle and noted the last redistricting was done in 2016. She stated redistricting must occur when there is
a 10% or greater population variation between the most populous district and the least populous district,
which in this case are Districts 1 and 4.
City Clerk Coldiron stated the redistricting study will result in an analysis of the current population-based
methodology and ideas for others, evaluation of a possible district configuration, a robust public
engagement effort, and multiple redistricting options. She noted the hired consultant will aid in the entire
process and be present to answer questions. Staff would like to draft a request for proposal for the
Committee to consider at its next meeting and begin work in February with Council consideration in
November or December of next year.
Councilmember Pignataro asked how a consultant will be chosen. City Clerk Coldiron replied a staff
committee will be formed to review the requests for proposal submissions and the Committee will be kept
informed along the way.
Councilmember Summers suggested a November review by Council in order to provide additional time for
potential candidates who may run in the April election. City Clerk Coldiron noted the new district boundaries
will not go into effect until 2023 as census data will not be reported until 2021.
City of Fort Collins Page 4
6. FUTURE TOPICS
What topics does the committee wish to explore as part of its work plan?
Councilmember Pignataro asked if Committee members could send suggestions to staff for compilation
prior to the next meeting.
7. OTHER BUSINESS
None.
8. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 5:00 PM.
City of Fort Collins Page 1
November 15, 2019
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
3:45 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers
STAFF PRESENT: Carrie Daggett, Ryan Malarkey, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Sara Gonzales
CITIZENS PRESENT: Marge Norskog, Robbie Moreland, Kathleen Schmidt, Kevin Jones
1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER
Mayor Troxell called the meeting to order.
2. CITIZEN COMMENT
Marge Norskog stated this committee provides a great deal of experience to determine how best to provide
oversight for elections going forward. She discussed a new Colorado law: the Campaign Finance
Enforcement Code. She stated the Secretary of State is actively creating a campaign enforcement group
within its office and encouraged the City to examine a similar process.
3. APPROVAL OF SEPTEMBER 6, 2019 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Councilmember Summers made a motion, seconded by Mayor Troxell, to adopt the September 6, 2019
Committee meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
4. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. “Fishbowl” donations - Require greater detailed reporting or not allow this type of campaign
contribution?
Chair Pignataro stated these types of donations added up to over $500 in the last election. City Attorney
Daggett noted it is challenging to have anonymous donations where you have individual contribution limits;
therefore, it may be necessary to have some type of tracking for these donations.
Councilmember Summers stated people try to find ways around the rules and money is pushed out of the
control of the candidate when more rules are in place. Campaigns should track individual donations
regardless of the amount so it can be reported when the threshold is met. Candidates want to know who is
contributing to their campaigns and suggested not allowing “fishbowl” donations may be the appropriate
solution.
Mayor Troxell stated this type of donation does not seem to function with the maximum donation amounts.
Chair Pignataro asked about the language around anonymous donations. Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll
stated any donation under $20 is non-itemized and not reported. A solution would be to not allow non-
itemized contributions.
Mayor Troxell supported that solution and asked what constitutes a Charter change with regards to
elections. City Attorney Daggett replied there is a Charter provision that prohibits employee contributions to
Council candidate campaigns and prohibits contributions from organizations contracting with the City. She
also stated ranked voting would also be a Charter amendment and the remainder of the items on this
agenda would be Code changes.
City Attorney Daggett noted there has been some discussion about the Charter provision related to not
being able to hold office if convicted of a Code violation during an election. She noted Code changes would
likely be able to address the concerns about the Charter provision and she reviewed items that could be
viewed as criminal versus civil infractions in the election-related Code language.
Chair Pignataro stated eliminating anonymous donations would solve the “fishbowl” contribution issue.
November 15, 2019
City of Fort Collins Page 2
b. Review of the complaint and enforcement procedures and penalties for election code violations.
Chair Pignataro stated the review of the complaint and enforcement procedures and penalties for election
code violations would be a much longer effort.
Councilmember Summers stated the significant changes that were made after the 2017 election that
applied to the 2019 election should be reviewed. He opposed the “paid for by” requirement for yard signs
and stated some of the changes may have been overcorrections. Most of the 2019 election complaints
were frivolous, bogus, and inconsequential.
Chair Pignataro stated the “paid for by” requirement began because of mailers that were funded by outside
money. She agreed with Councilmember Summers that some of the changes may be overreaching.
Councilmember Summers opposed the requirement for two signatures on joint checking account checks.
He stated several of the City's requirements do not even apply at the state level. He expressed concern
that taking the control of the campaign out of the candidates' hands diverts it to outside groups.
Mayor Troxell supported adopting a minimalist, candidate-focused, transparent process. He supported
doing away with anonymous donations.
Councilmember Summers stated there should be a right to cure things that are deficient in election
reporting, such as missing addresses. Knoll replied the Clerk's Office does not review reports at that level
of detail; however, if it is brought to the attention of the Clerk, the candidate is told and is able to file an
amended report.
Chair Pignataro asked if the priority of this item is changed by Council as a whole bringing it up under Other
Business. Knoll replied Council will consider a draft ordinance and recommendation from this committee.
Councilmember Summers stated anything short of misappropriation of funds should not be viewed as a
criminal activity.
City Attorney Daggett suggested staff return with options and recommendations.
c. Ranked Choice Voting-pros and cons for our community.
Chair Pignataro noted ranked voting could not be in place by the next election; therefore, while it is still
important to discuss, it is not necessarily a priority at this time. She stated ranked voting could even the
playing field a bit.
Councilmember Summers discussed his experience with ranked voting and stated he essentially supports
the “one vote, one person” philosophy. He noted there could be a large confusion factor for voters and
stated ranked voting may not add a great deal of value to city elections.
Mayor Troxell stated there is no existing problem that would be fixed by ranked voting. He noted some
areas that have implemented ranked voting have now done away with it.
d. Restrictions on employees and contractors from participating in City elections.
City Attorney Daggett stated staff will likely want to provide more detail on this topic as the discussion
progresses. She stated the employee issue is separate from the contractor issue and stated staff is
recommending Council consider asking voters to remove the restrictions on contracting organizations in
light of Citizens United as there is some question as to whether the prohibition is consistent with how the
law has developed. She noted that would be a Charter provision change and stated the committee may
need an executive session to fully discuss legal ramifications.
City Attorney Daggett noted the employee contribution prohibition only applies to candidate elections, but
employees can participate in issue elections on a personal level.
November 15, 2019
City of Fort Collins Page 3
Chair Pignataro noted the City is one of the largest employers in Fort Collins and stated not allowing
employees to participate is difficult for candidates.
City Attorney Daggett noted City Manager Atteberry may want to be involved in this discussion related to
concerns about relationships employees may have developed with candidates to whom they have
contributed.
e. Campaign naming and carry-over for returning candidates.
Chair Pignataro noted this item relates to using a different campaign name for each election. She
expressed concern that this could be wasteful in terms of campaign materials.
Councilmember Summers stated campaigns are active until they are closed at the state level.
Chair Pignataro asked what issues are being faced by the City Clerk's Office that would drive the need for
different campaign names. Deputy City Clerk Gonzales replied donations are tied to committee names and
it is difficult to determine which campaign is associated with which donations if the campaign name remains
the same. She noted funds can be carried over from one committee to the other; however, the itemized
items do not carry over.
Councilmember Summers suggested utilizing dates to differentiate campaigns.
Mayor Troxell noted issue committees and candidate committees may need to be treated differently.
Gonzales replied issue committees are required to terminate and candidate committees must be reopened
for each election, though they can remain open with an annual reporting requirement.
f. Possible alignment with state law regarding LLC election contributions.
Councilmember Summers stated the state law requires a report, which is only held by the candidate,
outlining contributions made by an individual and their LLC.
City Attorney Daggett stated it could become cumbersome to attempt to attribute a donation equally among
all members of an LLC.
Chair Pignataro stated City elections have a low per person donation limit for a reason and allowing LLC
contributions seems to go against that.
Councilmember Summers stated higher contribution limits may be needed in order to avoid LLC
contributions.
Chair Pignataro stated she would like to have staff prepare information related to pros and cons of the state
regulations.
5. Continuation of Election Code Committee
City Attorney Daggett stated this item has come about as there may be enough interest on the part of the
entire Council on some items that a work session may be a better way to proceed with a discussion.
City Clerk Coldiron stated there was also some thought that the amount of changes already made may
need to be digested and assessed prior to making more changes.
Members discussed items that they would like to consider in January.
6. OTHER BUSINESS
Chair Pignataro encouraged the Clerk's Office to make scanned reports searchable PDFs.
November 15, 2019
City of Fort Collins Page 4
7. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 5:14 PM.
City of Fort Collins Page 1
January 10, 2020
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
3:31 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers
STAFF PRESENT: Carrie Daggett, Ryan Malarkey, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Sara Gonzales
CITIZENS PRESENT: Robbie Moreland, Jody Deschenes, Anne Thompson, Sam Houghteling, Eric
Sutherland
1. CITIZEN COMMENT
Robbie Moreland stated Secretary of State regulations state that campaign contributions made as a member
of an LLC counts toward contribution limits for that individual; however, City law allows an individual to make
contributions under their own name as well as through their LLCs. She opposed the City provisions, as LLCs
are not individuals and do not receive a ballot to vote. She requested the City develop a way to align
contributions limits for LLCs with the state requirements. She expressed support for ranked choice voting, is
interested in the continued discussion on non-itemized contributions under $20, and requested the Committee
recommend doing away with anonymous donations altogether.
Jody Deschenes expressed support for the City adopting Colorado's rules regarding campaign contributions
from individuals and LLCs. She also supported independent redistricting and requested an update on the
timeline for hiring an independent redistricting consultant following the 2020 census. She supported
eliminating anonymous or non-itemized contributions under $20 and supported ranked choice voting.
Chair Pignataro noted she had previously requested staff prepare pro and con information regarding possible
alignment with state LLC contribution provisions and requested an update. Gonzales replied that topic will
be discussed at the February meeting.
Mayor Troxell requested information regarding the LLC provisions related to a home rule municipality. City
Attorney Daggett replied the City has its own set of campaign finance rules and would need to adopt
something different to match the state provisions.
Councilmember Summers stated it is important not to pick and choose what the City models locally after the
state guidelines. He asked if the intent is to make it more difficult to run for City Council than for the State
House or State Senate.
Chair Pignataro replied she would like to look at pros and cons of changing the regulations.
Councilmember Summers stated he would like to look at the state model for donations from couples. He
noted the Fort Collins model is more restrictive than state law for couples to donate to a candidate.
Mayor Troxell discussed the importance of identifying goals to be achieved prior to making changes.
Chair Pignataro noted ranked choice voting would require Council to vote to place the item on a ballot as it is
a Charter change. Knoll noted the only option to have that in place for the next City election would be to
place it on the November 2020 ballot.
Councilmember Summers stated it would be helpful to have an analysis of how many elections had more
than 2 candidates when looking at ranked voting. Knoll replied she would provide a spreadsheet of the
number of candidates in each race for each election and data on whether the winning candidate acquired
more than 50% of the vote.
Mayor Troxell discussed the recent ethics complaint regarding Mayor Pro Tem Stephens and his participation
in the Hughes Stadium site rezoning and stated it is false to claim issue committee donations are related to
individual campaigns as was suggested as part of that complaint.
City of Fort Collins Page 2
2. APPROVAL OF NOVEMBER 15, 2019 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to adopt the November 15, 2019
Committee meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
3. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. Review past Election Code changes, grouped by themes - Discussion of which areas the
Committee would like to see amended
Councilmember Summers stated the definition of a Candidate Committee was changed to specify the
common purpose is to receive contributions or make expenditures rather than and make expenditures and
asked why that change was made. City Attorney Daggett replied that change was made realizing candidate
committees would not technically meet the definition of a candidate committee until it started spending money.
Councilmember Summers suggested some context may be missing related to the candidate committee
language. Knoll replied both contributions and expenditures were required to meet the definition of a
candidate committee when the language was first written; however, there could be a situation in which the
candidate funds the committee totally by loaning the campaign money, which is not technically a contribution,
but is a loan. This would mean expenditures could be made, but contributions were not received, and the
proposed language would allow a candidate committee to either receive contributions or make expenditures,
or both.
City Attorney Daggett stated the language could be revisited as necessary.
Councilmember Summers asked if an individual could run for Council and not have a candidate committee.
City Attorney Daggett replied candidate committees are defined as “a person, including the candidate, or
persons with a common purpose, of receiving contributions, making expenditures, under the authority of the
candidate”; therefore, the definition is written to include the candidate as a person. She stated it is a
requirement of the candidate to have a committee unless there is no money being contributed.
Councilmember Summers asked if there is a time limit for which candidates are required to retain copies of
public communication, invoices, receipts, and other instruments of payment. Gonzales replied it is for a year
unless a complaint has been filed, then items must be kept until after its resolution.
Councilmember Summers asked if it must be counted as a contribution if someone from an individual's
campaign committee voluntarily sets up the candidate’s webpage. City Attorney Daggett replied certain items
online are free, and other things are not; therefore, it would depend on whether the page was placed on a
hosted site or one that could be freely used. She stated this section prohibits different rates being given to
certain candidates over others.
Councilmember Summers stated there may have been some confusion prior to the requirement that
independent expenditures must have a “paid for by” declaration. City Attorney Daggett replied most of the
confusion was on the part of complaining parties, and it was made clear that new regulations such as this do
require a fair amount of education. She stated there is opportunity to continue improving the education around
the requirements.
Chair Pignataro asked if the Code language indicates “paid for by” statements are required when money or
in-kind donations are exchanged. Assistant City Attorney Malarky noted a trigger for the use of “paid for by”
is when a candidate or committee makes an expenditure. City Attorney Daggett stated the Code language
includes examples of items that are understood to be impractical for a notice requirement.
Mayor Troxell asked if this section could include something about social media. City Attorney Daggett replied
the language does say communication shall include, but is not limited to, websites or social media of a
candidate committee, issue committee, or small-scale committee, if and to the extent they are financed by
independent expenditures.
Chair Pignataro clarified the requirement would apply to ads purchased on Facebook, for example, but not to
posts on personal pages.
City of Fort Collins Page 3
City Clerk Coldiron noted there may be some confusion and question as to what is impractical for the “paid
for by” requirement.
City Attorney Daggett mentioned the question as to whether materials from previous elections, such as yard
signs, should be required to have the “paid for by” notation.
Councilmember Summers questioned why “paid for” declarations are required. Knoll replied this came from
a request from citizens because there were very negative ballot materials against another candidate sent out
in the April 2017 election that appeared to be from the candidate's campaign, and it was difficult to identify
who had sent it.
Councilmember Summers stated that kind of issue should be the focus of what needs to be solved with a
“paid for by” requirement.
Chair Pignataro stated she would like to see this requirement used through one more election cycle before
making any amendments.
Mayor Troxell agreed.
b. Possible Election Code Changes-Review of draft Code Amendments
1. Elimination of anonymous donations
Malarky stated the direction staff received from the Committee was to eliminate all anonymous donations;
therefore, the $20 threshold has been eliminated in the draft language so any donation amount would need to
be tracked and recorded.
Mayor Troxell stated this requirement may make things simpler. City Attorney Daggett noted this requirement
would eliminate the possibility that someone could make multiple small donations that would not be tracked
under the previous regulations.
Chair Pignataro noted she would want to know who is supporting her as a candidate.
The Committee supported the proposed language on this issue.
2. Use of unexpected City election candidate contributions in a non-City election
Chair Pignataro stated she does not want this to appear as if it is being done for a specific candidate and
asked if a similar provision exists at the state level.
Councilmember Summers replied funds can be rolled over among state campaigns. He noted new
committees must be formed if the campaigns are for different offices on different levels.
Mayor Troxell noted unexpended campaign funds can now go to non-profits and other entities and suggested
a campaign for another position should also qualify under that category.
Councilmember Summers asked if leftover campaign funds are considered the candidate's funds when being
transferred from one year's campaign to another. City Attorney Daggett replied there would not be a limit on
the transferred amount.
3. Carry-over of unexpended candidate contributions to the next election cycle and the ability of the
committee to keep its same name
Malarky stated this item was intended to address a concern that was raised about having to develop a new
committee name. The Election Code Committee provided direction that candidates be able to retain the same
committee names. Knoll suggested committee names could be amended with the knowledge and
documentation that the committee is the same.
City of Fort Collins Page 4
4. Addition of a cure period for respondents in the campaign violation process
Malarky outlined the language for this proposed change.
Mayor Troxell asked about the repercussions for campaign violations that are not corrected. Malarky replied
there would then be a determination made either by the City Attorney's Office or outside counsel regarding
whether further investigation or prosecution is warranted.
5. Removal of the citizen enforcement mechanism in District Court
City Attorney Daggett stated the current Code allows the complaining party to file a case in District Court
should the City's prosecutor chose not to pursue prosecution of a violation. Staff recommends removing this
ability from the Code based on questions of constitutionality in recent court cases. She outlined a complaint
received regarding an election which was ultimately reviewed and determined to not merit further
investigation. She stated the citizen was frustrated with the time it took to investigate the complaint.
Chair Pignataro asked what options would be available for a citizen. City Attorney Daggett replied the initial
logic of the campaign finance disclosure requirements was that the political process is political and whatever
information people have about what may have happened would feed into the political process and be usable
for people who wanted to advocate for or against individual candidates, or seek recall of individual candidates.
4. OTHER BUSINESS
Chair Pignataro asked when the civil versus criminal penalty option will come before the Committee. City
Attorney Daggett stated any violation is currently a criminal misdemeanor and there are some types of
violations that staff would recommend continue to be so. She stated it is clear there is interest in backing off
consequences and intensity of enforcement for items like filing violations. She stated those issues would shift
from a criminal violation to a civil infraction or other administrative violation.
City Attorney Daggett stated staff will need to work on developing a recommendation for what the process
may look like. She noted civil infractions are punishable by fines and stated a fine schedule could be outlined.
Councilmember Summers stated it is important to delineate between oversights and mistakes versus true law
violations such as fraud, which is already illegal. He stated creating disproportionate penalties will discourage
people from serving in public office.
City Clerk Coldiron and City Attorney Daggett outlined the process by which complaints are addressed
through the two offices.
Chair Pignataro asked if the City is planning to place any items on the November 2020 ballot. City Clerk
Coldiron replied in the negative. Mayor Troxell discussed how items may emerge to be placed on the ballot.
Chair Pignataro asked about cost of adding an item to a presidential election ballot. City Clerk Coldiron
replied it would be quite expensive and noted all local items are placed near the end of the ballot.
5. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 5:22 PM.
City of Fort Collins Page 1
February 21, 2020
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
3:32 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers
STAFF PRESENT: Carrie Daggett, Ryan Malarky, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Sara Gonzales
CITIZENS PRESENT: Robbie Moreland, Michael Pruznick, Michelle Haefele, Jody Deschenes, Psyche
Spangler, Roxanne Griffin, Lori Brunswig, Kathleen Schmidt, Dick Thomas,
Adolfine Thomas, Anne Thompson, Karen Wagner
1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER
Chair Pignataro called the meeting to order.
2. CITIZEN COMMENT
Robbie Moreland suggested new election laws should strive to meet the intent of the legislative declaration
in Chapter 7 of the Municipal Code. LLC contributions should be limited, and City law should match state law
to avoid the appearance of corruption. She also supported matching state law relative to the formation of
independent expenditure committees and stated the formation of an independent expenditure committee
should be required when donations in excess of $250 have been received, or an expenditure in excess of
$250 has occurred, and donor disclosures should be required for donations of $100 or more.
Jody Deschenes stated the City's high standards should include the highest level of transparency for voters.
She requested that contributions from individual voters be limited to $75 or $100 in total, regardless of how
many LLCs are owned by that individual. She also requested candidate committees be terminated in full at
the end of each election, including liquidating all unused campaign funds, and requested that all committee
and independent expenditure reporting forms be updated to digital versus PDFs to make filing, storage, and
review easier. Ms. Deschenes also requested an update regarding the vetting and hiring of an independent
redistricting consultant and supported the use of ranked choice voting. Additionally, she requested an update
on guidelines for employment as an election judge.
Kathleen Schmidt, League of Women Voters of Larimer County, requested the City change its law to match
the state law relative to campaign contribution limits from LLCs.
Michael Pruznick discussed his energy-neutral home and stated there is a large loophole in the LLC issue.
He discussed the “paid for by” requirement and penalties for campaign violations. He mentioned legalizing
vote buying.
Anne Thompson, League of Women Voters of Larimer County, stated the League was recently approached
by members of Represent Fort Collins regarding changes that should be made regarding contribution limits
from LLCs. Fort Collins should change its laws to match those of the state.
Michelle Haefele supported aligning Fort Collins regulations with those of the state regarding LLC
contributions, and supported ranked choice voting.
Roxanne Griffin supported aligning Fort Collins regulations with those of the state regarding LLC
contributions.
Karen Wagner opposed the outside influence of money on politics and supported aligning Fort Collins
regulations with those of the state regarding LLC contributions.
Richard Thomas supported aligning Fort Collins regulations with those of the state regarding LLC
contributions and stated any Councilmembers who have accepted a contribution from an LLC should recuse
themselves from votes related to developments.
Councilmember Summers noted not all LLCs are related to developers and that Fort Collins has the lowest
contribution limits of any municipality in the state. Election codes should provide the candidate the greatest
City of Fort Collins Page 2
control over his or her election if there is a concern about who is influencing elections. He also noted state
guidelines allow $400 contributions per individual and stated local City Councilmembers are not professional
politicians. He spoke in favor of keeping money directed to candidates for their use.
Chair Pignataro asked about changing the campaign finance report forms from PDFs. Knoll replied they are
fillable PDFs but they are scanned and posted online so as to ensure the Clerk's Office date stamp is reflected.
She suggested there could be another way to address that in the future.
Regarding ranked choice voting, Councilmember Summers commented on the low number of races over the
last several elections that had candidates receiving less than 50% of the vote.
Mayor Troxell commented on ranked voting not appearing to be necessary based on prior elections.
Councilmember Summers stated he would like to get some information from other Colorado municipalities
who use ranked choice voting.
Councilmember Pignataro asked about redistricting. City Clerk Coldiron stated census data will not be
available until the first quarter of 2021 and redistricting would be based on that.
3. APPROVAL OF JANUARY 10, 2020 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to adopt the January 10, 2020
Committee meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
4. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. Civil versus criminal penalty options for election code violations
City Attorney Daggett stated the City has a history of limited enforcement action around campaign finance
issues and the Committee has discussed evaluating potentially changing violations from all violations being
a criminal misdemeanor to making some less egregious complaints civil infractions or administrative
violations.
Councilmember Pignataro mentioned the Committee decided at its previous meeting to leave the existing
“paid for by” requirements in place as they were just implemented in the previous code change cycle.
City Attorney Daggett stated the next meeting agenda is planned to include possible Charter amendments
related to elections.
Malarky presented information related to a possible new enforcement system. He noted the existing process
is complaint-based and complaints go through a review process by the City Attorney for probable cause, and
if probably cause is found, there would be further investigation and prosecution if deemed appropriate. All
violations of campaign finance requirements are currently criminal misdemeanors. This proposed system
makes most violations of the campaign finance requirements subject to civil penalties. Malarky outlined the
items that would remain criminal offenses under this system. The current proposal would disallow campaign
contributions from being used to pay administrative penalties.
Councilmember Summers disagreed with that recommendation.
Knoll discussed the reasoning for the draft language, stating donors provide contributions to aid in getting an
individual elected.
Councilmember Pignataro stated she could see both sides of the issue relating to whether or not campaign
contributions should be able to be used for fines.
Committee members and staff discussed the number of violations that would need to occur prior to a violation
becoming criminal.
City of Fort Collins Page 3
Councilmember Summers suggested the process related to joint account contributions would benefit from
being aligned with the state regulations.
Mayor Troxell commended the overall work of the City Attorney's Office stating the changes align with the
Committee discussions.
b. City regulation of LLC campaign contributions
Malarky stated this proposed language amends the campaign contributions and expenditures Code section
related to contribution limits. The change mirrors state law and would require an LLC to submit a written
statement to the candidate or candidate committee when it makes a contribution, providing the name and
address of all the members of the LLC, information on how the contribution will be attributed to those individual
members, and the contributions made by the LLC as they are attributed to the members. The contributions
would then count toward the individual contribution limits of the members.
Mayor Troxell asked about the situation in relation to a C-corporation. Malarky replied this is strictly related
to LLCs.
Mayor Troxell questioned the legal structure of an LLC and how it is considered beyond being a legal entity.
City Attorney Daggett stated she has not examined the rationale for looking at LLCs only as opposed to other
types of business entities, though it is likely because an LLC is easier to form and there are fewer related
consequences to forming an LLC than other types of business entities.
Councilmember Summers stated the rules as they are now are not discriminatory in terms of one candidate
over another and suggested changing the regulations will allow LLCs to make the same contributions to an
independent expenditure committee rather than to an individual candidate which takes control away from the
candidate.
Knoll commented on nested LLCs which may need to be addressed in these provisions. City Attorney Daggett
stated that could be addressed by requiring information if a member is not a natural person.
Mayor Troxell supported increasing the maximum donation amount for each individual if the LLC regulations
are changed.
Councilmember Pignataro stated she would not support that.
Councilmember Summers stated it would be interesting to have data related to LLC contributions from the
last election to ensure recommended changes are not reactionary.
Mayor Troxell stated he does not believe there is corruption involved in LLC contributions and questioned
whether changes would improve the system. He questioned what problem is being solved.
Councilmember Pignataro stated the problem as she sees it is that LLC contributions take the power away
from individual voters and place it with entities that have more money.
Mayor Troxell disagreed. Councilmember Summers noted individuals still cast ballots.
5. OTHER BUSINESS
Chair Pignataro suggested that joint account contributions be addressed at a later meeting.
6. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 5:25 PM.
City of Fort Collins Page 1
May 1, 2020
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
3:30 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers, Stephens (alternate)
STAFF PRESENT: Carrie Daggett, Ryan Malarkey, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Sara Gonzales
CITIZENS PRESENT: Michelle Haefele, Jody Deschenes, Kathleen Schmidt, Robbie Moreland, Jan Rossi
(Secretary's Note: Due to the COVID-19 crisis and state and local orders to remain safer at home and not
gather, all Councilmembers, staff, and public attended the meeting remotely, via teleconference.)
1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER
Chair Pignataro called the meeting to order and discussed the Zoom remote participation.
2. CITIZEN COMMENT
Kathleen Schmidt, Election Reform Team Chair for the League of Women Voters of Larimer County,
supported the City matching the state law regarding campaign contributions from LLCs.
Robbie Moreland thanked Council for its work during this time and supported a requirement to wear face
masks in public buildings. She expressed support for matching the state law regarding campaign
contributions from LLCs.
Jan Rossi opposed the current LLC contribution regulations in Fort C ollins. stating money buys influence.
She supported aligning the City's regulations with the state law.
Michelle Haefele reiterated the City's legislative declaration for campaigns. Large campaign contributions
create the potential for corruption and the appearance of corruption and the public interest is best served by
limiting campaign contributions. She supported changing the City's election rules to align with those of the
state to limit the total contribution of any individual.
Jody Deschenes commended staff and Council for carrying on with responsibilities under unique and
challenging circumstances. She supported keeping campaign contribution limits as is , stating most grass
roots candidates would not receive a benefit from increased limits.
3. CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF FEBRUARY 21, 2020 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to adopt the February 21, 2020
Committee meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
4. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. City Regulation of LLC Campaign Contributions
Chair Pignataro stated her impression is that this Committee will not likely come to a strict agreement
regarding this item; therefore, she suggested no LLC changes be included in the package of changes sent to
Council and, if desired, the entire Council could take up the issue.
Councilmember Summers agreed noting the current LLC regulations have been in place for decades. He
took exception to statements of corruption without any type of proof.
Mayor Troxell agreed and stated the Committee should move on.
Chair Pignataro stated Mayor Troxell and Councilmember Summers are in favor of leaving the LLC
regulations unchanged; however, she is a proponent of changing them. The Committee will send its package
of changes forward to Council without changes in the LLC language at this time and the entire Council could
take up the issue at that time.
May 1, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 2
b. Possible Charter Amendments Relating to Elections
i. Amend Article VIII, Section 9 Corrupt Practices
Assistant City Attorney Ryan Malarky stated this item concerns a section of the Charter that came to the
attention of Council and the Committee after the last election cycle. Several citizen complaints were filed
concerning alleged Election Code violations. Questions were raised as to the consequences or penalties if
an allegation is sustained and someone is ultimately convicted of an Election Code violation.
Malarky outlined the existing penalties, including a ban on holding City office or employment for a certain
number of years, which seem to be fairly significant and s tated staff wanted to give the Committee an
opportunity to discuss this section to see if there is any interest in making changes.
Clarifying the portion that addresses “at a city election” could be considered. Malarky questioned if this
provision is intended to apply to election-related offenses that would have an impact on the outcome of an
election or call into question the propriety of City elections. He also noted there is a difference between civil
violations and criminal violations, the latter of which generally have stricter penalties. The Committee could
consider this provision being triggered only by a criminal violation as opposed to something that would be
strictly civil.
Mayor Troxell supported getting more information and involving more discussion, perhaps in the form of a
work session.
City Attorney Daggett suggested it may be helpful for staff to develop some different versions for consideration
at the next meeting.
Mayor Troxell and Chair Pignataro agreed with that suggestion.
City Attorney Daggett outlined what she has heard in the discussion including recognition that this section
needs to be related to what would be considered significant offenses that relate to an election or campaign.
(Secretary’s note: Councilmember Summers left the meeting at this point and Mayor Pro Tem Stephens
stepped in as Committee alternate)
ii. Amend Article VIII, Section 8 regarding participation in elections by political parties, city employees, public
service corporations or any other person intending to apply for a franchise or have a contract with the
City
City Attorney Daggett stated an executive session might be helpful to discuss legal issues. This item is on
the agenda as there were some issues that came up during the last election related to some employee
organizations and generally related to this section. The key part of the section staff is suggesting the
Committee may want to consider is the limitation on contributions or expenditures of any money or valuable
things, directly or indirectly, to assist in the election or defeat of a candidate by any of the following: a political
party, a City employee, a public service corporation, and any person, firm, or corporation owning, interested
in, or intending to apply for, any franchise or contract with the City.
Mayor Pro Tem Stephens made a motion, seconded by Mayor Troxell, that the Election Code Committee go
into Executive Session for the purpose of meeting with the City's attorneys and City Clerk's Office staff to
discuss the following matters as permitted under City Charter Article II, Section 11 -2, City Code Section 2-
31(a)(2), and Colorado Revised Statute Section 24-6-402(4)(b): the manner in which the particular policies,
practices, or regulations of the City related to City elections may be affected by existing or proposed provisions
of federal, state, or local law. Yeas: Pignataro, Troxell, and Stephens. Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
(Secretary 's Note: The Committee went into Executive Session at this point in t he meeting and returned at
5:15 pm.)
May 1, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 3
Chair Pignataro stated there is value in looking at this section more carefully at next month's meeting.
Mayor Troxell and Mayor Pro Tem Stephens concurred.
iii. Amend Article II, Section 4 to conform with Article II, Section 1(d) to reflect the selection of Mayor Pro
Tem does not occur until recount period has expired
City Attorney Daggett stated this issue was created when the Charter was amended in 2017, but a provision
was missed that needs to be modified, given the recount procedure and time needed to finalize the
certification of the election. This would be a corrective edit to the Charter that would ensure the newly elected
Council is selecting the Mayor Pro Tem. Staff has discussed an idea that sets a specific date for swearing in
of the new Council and subsequent actions, such as selecting a Mayor Pro Tem, would tie into that date.
City Clerk Coldiron stated a having a date certain for swearing in of new Councilmembers seems to make
sense as the Clerk's Office received many questions after the last election and there was disagreement as to
when to move forward with certain actions. This would build certainty into the process.
City Attorney Daggett noted the Charter states a Councilmember's term continues until a successor is sworn
in and having a date certain for the swearing in would provide more predictability.
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll stated a full course of a recount and election certification could be out as far as
the second Tuesday in May. She also noted there have been issues wherein some Councilmembers are
subject to a recount and others are not.
Chair Pignataro asked if the language could be changed to select the Mayor Pro Tem at t he first regular
meeting after the new Council is sworn in. City Attorney Daggett replied that could work if it was made clear
that would occur after each seat is resolved and after the completion of any recount.
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll noted if no recount is requested, the opportunity to swear in Councilmembers
would be sooner, which is one argument against setting a date certain for swearing in. However, setting a
date certain would be more similar to county and state offices.
Chair Pignataro stated she would like to receive additional information from staff regarding preferences and
ease of understanding for voters as this is a Charter amendment.
Chair Pignataro suggested staff return at the next meeting with information as to what would be affected by
adding a date certain.
Mayor Troxell stated the entire Council should be seated prior to selecting a Mayor Pro Tem. He asked about
the timeframe for a requested recount. Deputy City Clerk Gonzales replied a recount must be requested
within five days after certification of the election, which is ten days after the election.
City Attorney Daggett suggested there could be two alternative set dates, one in the case of a recount, and
one if there is no recount. Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll recommended that those two options are likely the
first meeting in May or the second meeting in May, or potentially a special meeting at the end of April.
Chair Pignataro suggested staff return with options at the next meeting.
Mayor Troxell suggested the swearing in does not necessarily need to occur on a Tuesday.
(Secretary's Note: Mayor Troxell left the meeting at this point.)
May 1, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 4
iv. Amend Article VIII, Section 4(a) to eliminate requirement that the affidavit of circulator co ntain a
statement of the number of signers on that section of the petition
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll stated this provision was eliminated in one portion of the Charter, but staff
recently discovered a hold over of similar language in another section. This change will clarify that language.
Mayor Pro Tem Stephens stated that language cleanup makes sense.
5. OTHER BUSINESS
Mayor Pro Tem Stephens stated there may be some desire from the rest of Council to bring forward the issue
related to LLC campaign contributions and suggested staff may want to have language prepared.
City Attorney Daggett stated there may be benefit in having a Council work session to discuss some of these
issues.
Chair Pignataro noted the importance of timing as Charter amendments would need to be on the April ballot.
6. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 5:43 PM.
City of Fort Collins Page 1
June 5, 2020
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
3:30 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers
STAFF PRESENT: Carrie Daggett, Ryan Malarky, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Kelly DiMartino
CITIZENS PRESENT: Jody Deschenes, Robbie Moreland, Kathleen Schmidt, Kevin Jones, Jan Rossi,
Michele Haefele
(Secretary's Note: Due to the COVID-19 crisis and state and local orders to remain safer at home and not
gather, all Councilmembers, staff, and citizens attended the meeting remotely, via teleconference.)
1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER
Chair Pignataro called the meeting to order and discussed the Zoom remote participation.
2. CITIZEN COMMENT
Robbie Moreland thanked the Committee for sending the recommendation to eliminate anonymous
contributions to the entire Council. She stated there is no limit on donations from individuals to political
committees in Fort Collins but at the state level, that limit is $625 per two-year election cycle. She requested
the Committee address this campaign finance loophole as soon as possible. She requested confirmation on
her assertions that the limits do not exist, and that political committees can coordinate with candidates.
Jody Deschenes stated there are currently no limits on donations from individuals to political committees and
no prohibition of coordination between candidates and political committees. She requested contributions to
political committees be limited to $100. She thanked the Committee for recommending to Council that
anonymous donations be eliminated.
Kathleen Schmidt, League of Women Voters of Larimer County, thanked the Committee for its work. She
expressed support for matching the state law regarding campaign contribution limits from LLCs.
Chair Pignataro asked if it is true there is no limit on contributions to political committees and that there is no
prohibition of political committees coordinating with candidates. City Attorney Daggett replied the definitions
of the different types of committees do not necessarily describe contribution limits; however, there is a Code
provision that specifically states committees of all types shall not coordinate expenditures with any other such
committee in a manner that circumvents any restrictions or limitations on campaign contributions,
expenditures, or reporting. She stated there are no limits on expenditures of committees because the
campaign finance system in the Code, with the exception of the limitations on contributions to candidates, is
aimed at essentially bringing light to expenditures through disclosures. The reason for that is that First
Amendment protections exist for political speech.
City Attorney Daggett clarified there is a limit on contributions to candidates, but not to political or issue
committees. Staff is in the process of writing a memo addressing these topics.
Mayor Troxell noted self-funding of campaigns can occur as well and he discussed the importance of
candidates wanting to control their own messaging.
3. CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF MAY 1, 2020 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to adopt the May 1, 2020 Committee
meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
June 5, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 2
4. STAFF REPORT: Overview of Code changes previously approved by the Election Code Committee
and proposed timeline of changes to City's Election Code.
Ryan Malarkey, City Attorney's Office, outlined the previously approved Code changes which include the
elimination of anonymous donations, addressing allowing candidates to use unexpended candidate
committee contributions for a non-City election or a subsequent City election, and making the majority of
campaign finance violations administrative penalties rather than criminal violations, among other items.
Chief Deputy City Clerk Knoll stated there is one more ECC meeting scheduled as proposed Charter
amendments will need to go before the full Council by July or August to make the November ballot. The
timeline for Charter amendments is different as they must be put on the ballot by ordinance, which requires
two readings.
City Attorney Daggett noted staff has considered having a work session for the entire Council on July 14.
Chair Pignataro supported adding these items for discussion.
5. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. Possible Charter Amendments
i. Consideration of possible amendment to City Charter Article VIII, Section 4(a) to eliminate the
requirement that the affidavit of circulator contain a statement of the number of signers on that
section of the petition.
(No discussion needed; ECC previously supported bringing this forward to City Council.)
ii. Consideration of possible amendment to City Charter Article II, Section 4 to conform with Article
II, Section 1(d) to reflect the selection of Mayor Pro Tem does not occur until recount period has
expired.
Knoll stated the last round of amendments included a change related to when Council takes office, but no
amendments were made to when the Mayor Pro Tem is selected, which has resulted in conflicting language.
She outlined options for language clarification and provided pros and cons for various options.
Mayor Troxell asked how long the outgoing Council would sit. Knoll replied they always remain until the new
members are sworn in.
Mayor Troxell suggested taking the two options to the work session perhaps with a preferred option from the
Commission.
Councilmember Summers stated it would be beneficial to get feedback from the full Council on this item.
Committee members and staff discussed the timeline issues with both options. Chair Pignataro stated the
option that provides more time could allow for onboarding to occur, which would be an advantage.
Councilmember Summers discussed the possibility of establishing a date for the oaths of office and selection
of the Mayor Pro Tem with the caveat that those dates would change if a recount is requested. Knoll replied
that is essentially option one; however, there is no way to predict when the date of swearing in will be until
the deadline to request a recount has passed.
Mayor Troxell asked what would trigger a mandatory recount. Knoll replied it is a difference of less than one
half of one percent; however, anyone can request a recount and fund it themselves.
Councilmember Summers stated he would favor option one. Mayor Troxell concurred and stated he would
prefer the swearing in to be closer to the election.
Councilmember Summers asked if the November coordinated election is occurring only for these issues. City
Clerk Coldiron replied these are the only City matters as of right now.
June 5, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 3
Councilmember Summers asked about the cost of a coordinated election. City Clerk Coldiron replied the
cost is based on the number of registered voters, as well as the number of other jurisdictions that are
participating. The exact cost is difficult to determine, but there will be additional costs because it is a
presidential election. If the ballot becomes two pages, there is a significant additional cost. She estimated
the cost to be at least $200,000.
Councilmember Summers questioned whether that cost would be worth it when the items could be rolled into
the regular City election in April. City Attorney Daggett stated a ballot question could be written for the April
election that would make the effective date of the changes immediate.
Chair Pignataro suggested the Committee continue the discussion at the full Council work session.
Chair Pignataro asked if there is a hierarchy to be considered for the coordinated election. Knoll replied there
is a hierarchy for how questions are placed on the ballot, with municipalities following state and county items.
When the City participated in the 2012 presidential election, the cost to the City was $292,000, which did not
include a second page.
iii. Consideration of possible amendment to City Charter Article VIII, Section 9 regarding corrupt
practices.
City Attorney Daggett noted the issue that triggered this possible Charter amendment was the question about
campaign finance complaints and the risk that someone who is elected to office would be found to have had
a campaign finance violation. She stated the Code provisions reviewed by Malarky and the Commission over
the past few meetings address that issue for the most part. There have not been many issues with this
Charter provision from a practical standpoint.
City Attorney Daggett stated if there was concern about the Charter provision applying to activities in advance
of the April election, then a Charter change should perhaps be proposed to voters.
Chair Pignataro stated she is leaning toward leaving the provision as is for now.
Councilmember Summers supported leaving the provision as is or going with the option of deleting it and
having it in the Code as an ordinance. Mayor Troxell agreed.
City Attorney Daggett noted there is a challenge when discussing constraining someone from serving in a
Council seat if the ordinance is contained in the Code rather than a provision in the Charter.
City Attorney Daggett suggested Malarky explain options 2 and 3, as well. Malarkey replied there has been
a question as to the definition of “at a City election” and both options 2 and 3 attempt to clarify that. Option 2
contains a specific intent element which would make the provision a little more specific as to the type of
conduct it is trying to address. It also contains a timeframe limitation for specific offenses. Option 3 has the
same narrowing of timeframe and types of offenses, but without the specific intent element. Malarky
acknowledged trying to prove intent can be challenging.
Chair Pignataro stated the intent piece introduces more confusion.
City Attorney Daggett clarified this item deals with the mechanics of the election rather than campaign
activities.
Chair Pignataro asked what problem is being solved by this change. City Attorney Daggett replied the current
language is vague in the sense that it talks about violating any law at a City election. It may or may not be
an urgent problem in the sense that it has not actually been a problem other than during the last few elections
when the number of complaints has increased and there has been more risk of someone being convicted of
a campaign finance violation as a criminal misdemeanor. With the Code changes recommended by the
Committee, that will no longer an issue.
June 5, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 4
Councilmember Summers made some language suggestions. City Attorney Daggett replied staff will return
with some options for how this could be approached at the next meeting.
iv. Consideration of possible amendment to City Charter Article VII, Section 8 regarding participation
in elections by political parties, City employees, public service corporations or any other person
intending to apply for a franchise or have a contract with the City.
The Committee postponed consideration of this item to the next meeting.
6. OTHER BUSINESS
None.
7. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 5:00 PM.
City of Fort Collins Page 1
July 1, 2020
ELECTION CODE COMMITTEE MEETING
4:00 PM
COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: Troxell, Pignataro, Summers
STAFF PRESENT: Carrie Daggett, Ryan Malarky, Delynn Coldiron, Rita Knoll, Sara Gonzales
CITIZENS PRESENT: Jody Deschenes and Robbie Moreland
(Secretary's Note: Due to the COVID-19 crisis and state and local orders to remain safer at home and not
gather, all Councilmembers, staff, and citizens attended the meeting remotely, via teleconference.)
1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER
Chair Pignataro called the meeting to order and discussed the Zoom remote participation process.
2. CITIZEN COMMENT
Robbie Moreland stated she would like the Committee to discuss contribution limits to political committees.
Avenues of unlimited spending still exists at both the local and state levels in the form of issue committees
and independent expenditures.
Jody Deschenes noted the Committee did not agree to support limiting LLC contributions to candidate
committees; therefore, she and others reached out for support from the remaining Councilmembers at the
last Council meeting and she looks forward to the full Council discussion on implementing the change. Limits
should exist on contributions to political committees and she looks forward to a full Council discussion on this
as well. Deschenes requested discussions regarding updating campaign finance forms to some sort of
accessible online database and allowing electronic signature collection for petitions.
3. CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF JUNE 5, 2020 COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
Mayor Troxell made a motion, seconded by Councilmember Summers, to adopt the June 5, 2020 Committee
meeting minutes. The motion was adopted by unanimous consent.
4. DISCUSSION ITEMS
a. Possible Charter Amendments
i. Consideration of possible amendments to City Charter Article VIII, Section 8 regarding
participation in elections by political parties, City employees, public service corporations or any
other person intending to apply for a franchise or have a contract with the City
City Attorney Daggett stated this item was placed on the agenda as there had been a great deal of question
and discussion during the 2019 election around this Section of the Charter and what the limit on City employee
direct or indirect contributions meant. In order for these changes to be in effect for the April 2021 election,
Charter amendments would need to be considered on the November ballot. At this point in time, there is no
specific plan to move forward with a special election in November and associated costs are expected to be
several hundred thousand dollars. It is worth considering whether trying to move this forward now is
necessary, though it is still possible should Council desire.
Councilmember Summers asked if this provision applies to Councilmembers. City Attorney Daggett replied
there is a distinction between the Council as elected officials, or City officers, and other City employees.
Mayor Troxell asked if this applies to any other type of election. City Attorney Daggett replied it only applies
to City Council candidate elections and does not interfere with employees participating on their own time
using their own resources regarding issues in a City election.
Mayor Troxell asked how this provision applies to spouses. City Attorney Daggett replied it is limited to
actions of the City employee.
July 1, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 2
Mayor Troxell expressed support for increasing clarity, but suggested the Charter language should remain as
is.
Chair Pignataro agreed with Mayor Troxell and stated ballot wording is critical to lessen confusion.
City Attorney Daggett stated the Committee may want to state to the full Council it does not recommend
action in terms of putting this item on the November ballot, but may want to ask staff to consider what clarifying
language could be put in the Code to interpret the provision. Chair Pignataro and Mayor Troxell agreed with
that assessment.
ii. Consideration of possible amendments to City Charter Article VIII, Section 9 regarding corrupt
practices
Ryan Malarky, Assistant City Attorney, stated this item came to Council's attention in the last election cycle
when there was an enforcement action that implicated this provision, specifically the portion that would have
disqualified a person from holding Council office. In response to some of the concerns raised, staff
researched the issue to attempt to bring some clarity to the purpose of the provision and what issues it may
be trying to address. Research did not provide any clear answer as to what “at a City election” means;
therefore, staff has provided some options to help bring clarity to the meaning of the Charter provision.
Malarky stated switching from a criminal process to an administrative penalty process would aid in alleviating
concerns raised about this Section. One approach could be to not recommend a change to this Section now
and see how the Council decides to approach the administrative penalty process. Another approach could
be to send the administrative process to Council while simultaneously moving forward with changes to this
language.
City Attorney Daggett noted there was discussion at the last Committee meeting about a modification to the
Charter that would include a reference to disqualifying events and that could be included in a package of
Charter changes when others come forward.
Mayor Troxell supported the first option to not act on the Charter language aspect at this time. Chair Pignataro
agreed.
Councilmember Summers stated it makes sense to have administrative penalties for things that are not
corrupt practices. He discussed the importance of contextualizing City policies.
City Attorney Daggett stated staff will work to have the Code changes finalized for discussion at the upcoming
Council work session and consideration in August.
5. OTHER BUSINESS
a. Petitioning Process Update
Chair Pignataro noted the Colorado Supreme Court declared today that online petitions are not to be allowed.
Malarky stated the Court issued a ruling in a case that specifically challenged the Governor's order allowing
online petitioning. The Court ruled online petitioning is unconstitutional as the state constitution requires in-
person petitioning. He stated the effect of this on the City will be examined by staff.
Mayor Troxell noted there have been active signature solicitors recently.
Chair Pignataro asked if the Clerk's Office is still working on making campaign forms searchable. Chief
Deputy City Clerk Knoll replied the date stamping issue has been resolved; however, forms are not required
to be filled electronically; therefore, some handwritten reports are still received and those would have to be
scanned and would not be searchable. She would like to require all parties to use the provided Excel
spreadsheet, however, there were issues in the last election where people converted those to other software,
and they were not formatted properly when returned. Forms returned in proper Excel format can be converted
to a searchable PDF.
July 1, 2020
City of Fort Collins Page 3
Chair Pignataro asked how to require candidates to use the provided Excel spreadsheet. Knoll replied staff
has yet to discuss whether that can be legislated in the Code. City Attorney Daggett replied that could be
examined to be included as part of the August changes.
Committee members and staff discussed the reporting requirements.
Mayor Troxell commended the City Clerk's Office for being service-oriented, particularly for first-time
candidates.
Knoll noted the Excel spreadsheet format is helpful to avoid math errors.
City Attorney Daggett noted the Code already states that reports are to be submitted on forms provided by
the City Clerk.
Chair Pignataro commended staff work on the memo regarding political committees.
Malarky stated the memo responds to some questions that came up at a recent Council meeting following
public comment. The questions include how political action committees are regulated by the City Code,
whether there is a limit on the amount of contributions that can be made to a political committee, and whether
political committees have the ability to coordinate with other types of committees.
Knoll noted the City does not allow political committees to make contributions to candidate committees,
though the state law does.
City Attorney Daggett noted any time the City is taking action that limits political activity, it creates a need to
ensure First Amendment issues are being considered.
Chair Pignataro noted political committees, small-scale issue committees, and issue committees do not have
contribution limits and asked if all three types of committees have the same types of attributes. City Attorney
Daggett replied small-scale issue committees are handling so little money that the requirements to which they
are subject has been pared back, pursuant to applicable case law. When one of those committees grows
beyond that threshold, it becomes an issue committee. Issue committees focus on ballot questions whereas
political committees are focused on candidate races, although they cannot coordinate with, nor make direct
contributions to, candidates.
Chair Pignataro stated she is not comfortable making a change at this point.
City Clerk Coldiron stated there are no additional Committee meetings scheduled and noted the work of the
Committee would typically stop at this point until after the next election. Staff will put forth an item calling for
a special election in November simply as a placeholder.
Chair Pignataro asked if the Committee would need to meet again should Charter amendments be desired
to be placed on the April ballot. City Clerk Coldiron replied that could either go before the Committee at
another meeting or could go before the full Council.
Chair Pignataro suggested not scheduling another meeting at this time but waiting until after the work session
to see if it would be needed. Mayor Troxell and Councilmember Summers concurred.
6. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned by unanimous consent at 4:55 PM.
-1-
ORDINANCE NO. 109, 2020
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
AMENDING THE CODE OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS TO MODIFY AND UPDATE
REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR CITY ELECTIONS AND
CAMPAIGN FINANCE IN CITY ELECTIONS
WHEREAS, Chapter 7 of the City Code sets out procedures and requirements for
redistricting of Council districts, for the conduct of City elections, for disclosure of campaign
finance information, and other related matters; and
WHEREAS, in 2015 the City Council formed an ad hoc committee to review, discuss and
recommend the most beneficial changes to the Code and City Charter regarding elections and
other related matters; and
WHEREAS, in January 2017, Council made the ad hoc Committee a standing committee
of Council for the purpose of identifying and evaluating ideas for improvements to City election
laws and practices and anticipating adjustments that may be needed to adapt to a changing legal
and technological environment, for Council consideration; and
WHEREAS, as a result of the Committee’s work (as both an ad hoc committee and a
standing committee), Ordinance No. 021, 2016, Ordinance No. 005, 2017, Ordinance No. 045,
2018, Ordinance No. 077, 2018, and Ordinance No. 113, 2018 were considered and adopted by
the Council to update various provisions of Chapter 7; and
WHEREAS, the Committee continued to meet in 2018, 2019 and 2020, and has
recommended additional clarifications and amendments to Chapter 7; and
WHEREAS, the Committee has recommended that the Code be amended to including
new procedures for the handling of complaints filed by candidates or registered electors of the
City, including amendments such that a majority of campaign finance violations would be
changed from misdemeanor violations to civil infractions; and
WHEREAS, the Committee has recommended that the Code be amended to allow that
unexpended campaign contributions may be used for subsequent federal, state, county, local or
City elections, to the extent permitted by law; and
WHEREAS, the Committee has recommended that unexpended campaign funds
remaining with a candidate committee on the 70th day after the election will be considered
contributions to that candidate committee for the next election; and
WHEREAS, the Committee has recommended that the complainant cause of action in
Section 7-150 be removed from the Code because recent case law raises substantial concerns
about its constitutionality; and
WHEREAS, staff has recommended that the deadline for filing financial disclosures by
Councilmembers set out in Chapter 2 of the Code be made uniform for those Councilmembers
-2-
sitting on Council and for those newly elected, re-elected, appointed or retained
Councilmembers; and
WHEREAS, these amendments generally improve and clarify the City’s campaign
finance disclosure and election requirements and processes; and
WHEREAS, these amendments further the City’s and the public’s interest in shedding
light for the public on the expenditure of money to influence the outcome of City elections, while
respecting the speaker’s interest in freedom of political speech; and
WHEREAS, the Council desires to enact the recommendations of the Committee and
staff to clarify and improve the various provisions of Chapter 2 and Chapter 7, as set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
FORT COLLINS as follows:
Section 1. That the City Council hereby makes and adopts the determinations and
findings contained in the recitals set forth above.
Section 2. That Section 2-636 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 2-636. Required.
Any candidate for the office of City Councilmember shall, at the time of filing his or her
acceptance of nomination with the City Clerk, file with the City Clerk a written disclos ure
statement that conforms to the requirements of § 2 -637. Such a written disclosure statement shall
also be filed with the City Clerk by each member of the City Council, the City Manager and the
City Attorney not later than thirty (30) days after their election, re-election, appointment or
retention in office.; Each member of the City Council who is elected, re-elected, appointed or
retained in office shall also file such a written disclosure statement with the City Clerk not later
than May 15 of the year in which their election, re-election, appointment or retention in office
occurs. provided, hHowever, that any City Councilmember who is elected or re-elected and who
has, prior to said election or re-election, filed a written disclosure statement within ten (10) days
after filing acceptance of nomination, may file an amended statement with the City Clerk or
notify the City Clerk in writing that there has been no change in the disclosures made therein,
since the date of filing of the same.
Section 3. That Section 7-135 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to add a new Subsection (f) to read as follows, with subsequent Subsections
renumbered accordingly:
Sec. 7-135. Campaign contributions/expenditures.
. . .
-3-
(f) No issue committee, small-scale issue committee or political committee shall make a
contribution or contribution in kind to any candidate committee.
(eg) Contributions from one (1) candidate committee to another.
(1) No candidate committee shall make a contribution or contribution in kind to, or
accept a contribution or contribution in kind from, a candidate committee of another
candidate.
(2) No candidate committee shall accept a contribution or contribution in kind from a
candidate committee of the same candidate that was established or maintained for a
federal, state or county election campaign or office.
. . .
Section 4. That Section 7-136 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 7-136. Disclosure; filing reports.
(a) All candidate committees, political committees and issue committees shall report to the
City Clerk their contributions and contributions in kind received, including the name and address
of each person who has made a contributions or a contributions in kind in the amount of twenty
dollars ($20.) or more; expenditures made; and obligations entered into by the committee.
. . .
(g) Any report that is deemed by the City Clerk to be incomplete or inconsistent with the
requirements of this Article shall be accepted on a conditional basis, and shall be subject to the
penalties and process in § 7-143and the committee’s registered agent shall be notified in writing
as to any deficiencies found. Such notice may be delivered in person, by mail, by fax, or, if an
electronic mail address is on file with the City Clerk, by electronic mail. The committee’s
registered agent shall have seven (7) business days from the date of delivery of such notice to file
an amended report that cures the deficiencies. Any such amended report shall supersede the
original report filed for the reporting period.
. . .
Section 5. That Section 7-138 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 7-138. Unexpended campaign contributions.
(a) Unexpended campaign contributions to a candidate committee may be:
(1) Contributed to a political party;
(2) Contributed to a candidate committee established by the same candidate for a
subsequent campaign in a City election, or to a candidate committee established
after January 1, 2021, for a non-City election, to the extent permitted by
-4-
applicable law., For a City election, such contributions are subject to the
limitations set forth in Paragraph 7-135(eg)(2), if the candidate committee making
such a contribution is affirmatively closed by the candidate no later than ten (10)
days after the date such a contribution is made;
(3) Donated to a charitable organization recognized by the Internal Revenue Service;
(4) Returned to the contributors;
(5) Used to pay for the cost of a recount requested by the candidate pursuant to § 7-
46.
In no event shall contributions to a candidate committee be used for personal purposes not
reasonably related to supporting the election or retention of the candidate.
(b) In addition to any use described in Subsection (a) of this Section, a person elected to the
office of Mayor or Councilmember, or retained in office following a recall attempt, may use
unexpended campaign contributions held by the person's candidate committee for any of the
following purposes:
(1) Voter registration;
(2) Political issue education, which includes obtaining information from or providing
information to the electorate;
(3) Postsecondary educational scholarships;
(4) To defray reasonable and necessary expenses related to mailings and similar
communications to constituents;
(5) Any expenses that are directly related to such person's official duties as an elected
official, including, but not limited to, expenses for the purchase or lease of office
equipment and supplies, room rental for public meetings, necessary travel and
lodging expenses for legislative education such as seminars, conferences and
meetings on legislative issues, and telephone and pager expenses.
(c) A candidate committee for a former officeholder or a person not elected to office shall
expend all of the unexpended campaign contributions retained by such candidate committee,
for the purposes specified in Subsection (a) of this Section, no later than five (5) years from
the date such officeholder's term expired or from the date of the election at which such
person was a candidate for office, whichever is later.
(d) Unexpended campaign contributions to an issue committee or political committee may be
donated to any charitable organization recognized by the Internal Revenue Service, returned
to the contributor, or used to pay for the cost of a recount requested by the committee's
registered agent pursuant to § 7-46.
(e) Any unexpended campaign contributions held by a candidate committee subsequent to the
date of the election shall, upon the registration of a candidate committee for a City office in
a subsequent election, be available for that candidate committee as a beginning fund balance
to use in that election. Such carryover funds will not count against any contribution limit
attributable to any past contributor in a prior election campaign. Absent the candidate
registering a candidate committee for a City office in a subsequent election, the unexpended
campaign contributions may be used as otherwise set forth in this Section.
-5-
Section 6. That Section 7-143 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 7-143. Violations and penalties.
(a) Except as provided in Subparagraph (e) herein, aAny person who knowingly violates or
fails to comply with any of the provisions of this Article as set forth in the following
schedule commits a misdemeanor civil infraction and is subject to a fine or imprisonment in
accordance with § 1-15 a civil penalty as follows:
Code Section Penalty Amount
7-134 – Registration of committees;
termination.
$150 first offense; $300 each subsequent
offense
7-135 – Campaign
contributions/expenditures.
$100 first offense; $200 each subsequent
offense
7-136 – Disclosure; filing of reports. $100 first offense; $200 each subsequent
offense
7-137(b) – Reports to be public record. $50 first offense; $100 each subsequent
offense
7-138 – Unexpended campaign contributions. $100 first offense; $200 each subsequent
offense
7-139 – Independent expenditures $100 first offense; $200 each subsequent
offense
7-140 – Responsibility for communications. $50 first offense; $100 each subsequent
offense
7-141 – Expenditures for political advertising;
rates and charges.
$50 first offense; $100 each subsequent
offense
(b) Any person who undertakes any of the following commits a misdemeanor and is subject
to a fine or imprisonment in accordance with § 1-15:
(1) Knowingly violates $ 7-136 with the intent to fraudulently misrepresent campaign
contributions or expenditures on a disclosure report;
(2) Knowingly violates § 7-142; or
(3) Is found liable for a violation after the person has been found liable for two (2) or
more violations under this Article in a single election cycle.
(c) Failure to comply with the provisions of this Article shall have no effect on the validity of
any election, except as expressly required by the City Charter.
Section 7. That Section 7-145 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
-6-
Sec. 7-145. Allegation of campaign violation.
. . .
(c) For complaints that allege a criminal violation as set forth in § 7-143(b), Tthe City Clerk
will forward the complaint to the respondent and to the City Attorney, who will evaluate
the complaint for probable cause as provided for in this Division 2.
(d) For complaints that do not allege a criminal violation, the complaints shall be subject to
a civil infraction process as provided herein:
(1) The City Clerk will forward the complaint to the respondent by electronic mail,
notifying the respondent that the alleged violation may be subject to a civil infraction.
(2) The City Clerk will forward the complaint to the City Attorney, who shall review
the complaint to determine whether the complaint:
a. Was timely filed under § 7-145(a);
b. Contains the information required by § 7-145(b); and
c. Alleges sufficient facts to support a factual and legal basis for the
violations alleged.
(3) If the City Attorney determines that the complaint fails to satisfy any of the three
(3) elements in the immediately preceding Subsection (2), the City Attorney shall so
notify the City Clerk who will, in turn, notify the complainant and respondent in writing.
(4) If the City Attorney determines that the complaint satisfies the three (3) elements
in the immediately preceding Subsection (2), the City Attorney shall notify the City Clerk
who will, in turn, notify the respondent in writing of the presumptive penalty in
accordance with § 7-143(a) and that the respondent shall have seven (7) days from the
date of the notice to submit written evidence of its cure or diligent efforts to cure the
violation, including any amendments to any applicable report containing one or more
deficiencies, modified campaign materials or other proof that the violation has been
corrected. The respondent’s written response shall be due to the City Clerk no later
than 5:00 p.m. on the seventh (7th) day. In the event the seventh (7th) day is a
City holiday, the response shall be due no later than 5:00 p.m. the next business day.
(5) On receipt of the respondent’s written response, the City Attorney may, through
the City Clerk, ask the respondent to provide more information and may grant the
respondent an extension of time of up to seven (7) additional days to file an amended
response regarding cure in order to respond to any such request.
-7-
(6) After the period for cure has expired, the City Attorney shall determine whether
the respondent has cured any violation alleged in the complaint and, if so, whether
respondent has substantially complied with its legal obligations under Chapter 7, Article
5, of this Code. In determining whether the respondent has substantially complied with
its legal obligations, the City Attorney shall consider:
a. The extent of the respondent’s noncompliance;
b. The purpose of the provision violated and whether that purpose was
substantially achieved despite the noncompliance; and
c. Whether the noncompliance may properly be viewed as an intentional
attempt to mislead the electorate or election officials.
If the City Attorney determines the respondent has cured any violation or otherwise
substantially complied with its legal obligations under Chapter 7, Article 5, the City
Attorney shall so notify the City Clerk who, in turn, shall notify the complainant and the
respondent and no penalty shall apply for the corresponding alleged violation or
violations, as applicable.
(7) If the City Attorney determines the respondent has not cured the alleged violation
or otherwise substantially complied with its legal obligations, the City Attorney may
conduct additional review or investigation of the allegations of the complaint to
determine whether to file a complaint with the Municipal Court.
(8) If the City Attorney files a complaint with the Municipal Court, the matter shall
be governed by Article V of Chapter 19 of this Code.
(9) A complainant or any other nonrespondent shall not be a party to the City
Attorney’s initial review, cure proceedings, investigation, or any proceeding in the
Municipal Court. A complainant may request permission from the Municipal Judge or
their designee to file an amicus curiae brief.
(10) Any person that commits a violation of shall be personally liable for the penalties
imposed. Any candidate shall be personally liable for penalties imposed upon the
candidate or the candidate’s committee and may use campaign contributions to pay
penalties.
Section 8. That Section 7-146 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 7-146. Evaluation of campaign complaint.
(a) For those complaints that concern a criminal violation pursuant to § 7-143(b), Iif the City
Attorney determines that no probable cause exists, that the complaint fails to allege an
enforceable violation, or that the requirements of § 7-145 were not met by the
-8-
complainant, the City Attorney shall so notify the City Clerk, who will, in turn, notify the
complainant and respondent in writing.
(b) If the City Attorney determines probable cause exists, the City Attorney may notify Fort
Collins Police Services, who, in consultation with the City Attorney, may file and serve a
summons and complaint to the respondent.
(c) The City Attorney retains prosecutorial discretion on whether to ultimately file criminal
charges. If the City Attorney determines filing a summons and complaint is inappropriate,
he or she shall so notify the City Clerk, who will, in turn, notify the complainant and
respondent in writing.
Section 9. That Section 7-150 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
deleted in its entirety and held in reserve.
Sec. 7-150. Action by complainant.
(a) After having received written notification from the City Clerk pursuant to § 7-146 that
the City Attorney determined filing a summons and complaint is inappropriate, or after one
hundred eighty (180) days of filing the complaint, whichever is first, the complainant may bring
a civil action in District Court.
(b) The complainant has one (1) year from the date of the violation to bring such suit.
(c) The complainant may sue to compel compliance with this Article, provided however, that
complainant must first file a complaint with the City Clerk, pursuant to Section 7-145, and
otherwise exhausts his or her administrative remedies.
(d) Any person who knowingly violates this Article may be civilly liable in an amount up to
two thousand dollars ($2,000.), or, if applicable, three (3) times the amount of the discrepancy,
whichever is greater.
(e) Reasonable attorneys' fees for the prevailing party may be awarded if the amount of civil
liability alleged is greater than seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500.).
(f) In determining the amount of civil liability, the court may take into account the
seriousness of the violation and culpability of the defendant.
-9-
Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published this 1st day of
September, A.D. 2020, and to be presented for final passage on the 15th day of September, A.D.
2020.
_____________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
_______________________________
City Clerk
Passed and adopted on final reading on the 15th day of September, A.D. 2020.
__________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
_______________________________
City Clerk