HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 02/11/2020 - WEST NILE VIRUS PROGRAM REVIEWDATE:
STAFF:
February 11, 2020
Mike Calhoon, Director of Parks
Matt Parker, Crew Chief
WORK SESSION ITEM
City Council
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
West Nile Virus Program Review.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is to review the current West Nile Virus (WNV) program, summarize the evolution of the
program, and assess Council’s interest in pursuing policy changes. The WNV Program has evolved significantly
over the past 17 years of operation, through four revisions in policy. Initiated in 2003 as an emergency response
to the westward migration of the mosquito-borne disease, the Program seeks to reduce the risk of WNV infection
while limiting the human and environmental impacts of managing against WNV. While adult mosquito control
treatments garner most of the concern and attention, the majority of the program budget funds preventive
integrated pest management actions and data collection. The contentious aspect of the WNV Program has been
adult mosquito treatments and the policy thresholds at which those actions occur.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. Does Council have any clarifying questions?
2. Does Council wish to pursue policy changes to the WNV Management Program?
BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION
Annual WNV Cycle
WNV migrated to Colorado in 2002 and will continue to present an annual threat of human disease transmission.
WNV is transmitted to humans by Culex mosquitoes, of which two species are commonly found in this area. WNV
is always present in the bird community and amplifies over the course of the summer as mosquitoes bite infected
birds and carry the virus to uninfected birds. The human risk of infection increases as the viral activity amplifies in
the avian community and mosquitoes seek alternative blood-meal sources, namely humans. The aim of an
emergency response adult mosquito treatment is to break the amplification and transmission cycle at the
appropriate time while integrating social and environmental considerations.
City of Fort Collins WNV Program
In 2003, as the mosquito-borne disease first entered the community, the City of Fort Collins initiated a rapid
response effort to reduce risk of people’s exposure to WNV. This response established specific elements of a
WNV Program, including: a larvicide program, trapping and surveillance of adult mosquitoes and, as a last resort,
an adult mosquito pesticide application. As WNV became endemic in the community, the City developed an
ongoing program with a mission to reduce the human impact of WNV while mitigating social and environmental
impacts. While other communities operate programs oriented towards mosquito nuisance reduction, or a blend of
disease mitigation and nuisance reduction, the City of Fort Collins’ program works exclusively to reduce the
human impact of WNV. This is evidenced by the fact that the City program acts based on the population
abundance and infection rate of two of the 12 mosquito species commonly found in the area, Culex tarsalis and
C. pipiens. Early summer mosquito populations are nearly always dominated by Aedes vexans, a species not
known to transmit WNV. The program is not designed to make adult mosquito treatments in the absence of direct
evidence of West Nile Virus risk.
February 11, 2020 Page 2
The City uses the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
recommended Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. This is a data driven approach to mosquito-borne
disease management. The core elements include:
1. Public Education
Efforts focus on building public awareness of WNV risk and personal mitigation options. WNV awareness has
increased through the years, subsequently the outreach efforts are increasingly concentrated on affecting
behavioral change. The City currently uses the Larimer Emergency Telephone Authority (LETA) to provide
treatment notifications. These notifications are provided on an elective, opt-in basis. Education efforts focus on
increasing the rate of LETA WNV opt-in participation.
2. Larval Management
The bulk of program expenses relate to ongoing larvae reduction. Inspection of breeding areas occurs on a
weekly basis; if larvae are present the site is treated immediately. Inspection frequency increases as the mosquito
reproduction rate increases with warmer weather. Over 90% of the larval treatments use a naturally occurring
bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis). This selective larvicide only impacts the lower reaches of
the Diptera family, e.g. mosquitoes and black flies.
3. Surveillance
The City’s WNV program employs a robust trapping and surveillance system providing weekly data on the
population levels and disease rates. The system consists of 53 traps distributed across the city. The trapping
system seeks to appropriately represent populations of both C. tarsalis and C. pipiens, each of which are most
effectively attracted to different mosquito trap designs.
4. Adult Mosquito Control
Industry best management practices include the establishment of pre-defined thresholds at which action steps
should be taken. This idea is embedded throughout the WNV program, most importantly with the thresholds
related to adult mosquito applications. Consistent with the guiding principles of the program, staff and advisors
have sought opportunities to limit the extent of adult mosquito treatment while administering the treatments in a
timeframe and manner that will maximize efficacy of risk reduction.
5. Continual Improvement Assessment
An annual review with the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) is an essential element of the program. Through
the years, the TAC has assisted staff in developing program improvements such as increased public outreach,
expansion of the larval treatment and surveillance season and recommendations on adult mosquito control
thresholds.
Human Impacts of WNV
Most people infected with WNV will have no symptoms. Public Health officials estimate that 70-80% of those
infected will experience little to no symptoms. About 20-25% infected individuals will develop a fever with other
symptoms. Less than 1% of infections lead to the development of serious neurologic illnesses such as
encephalitis or meningitis (inflammation of the brain or surrounding tissues). Recent research indicates additional
health concerns related to long-term kidney complications and latent neurological impacts for people infected with
WNV. As new information becomes available, it is important to periodically reassess WNV program elements.
Assessment of WNV Risk - Vector Index
WNV risk assessment and action thresholds vary widely across the country without a widely recognized
assessment tool for all regions. The CDC developed a Vector Index (VI) to assess WNV risk based on Culex
mosquito abundance and infection rate. This index was developed with local expertise, significant influence from
local conditions, and found to be strongly predictive of human cases. The vector index is the sum of two products
February 11, 2020 Page 3
(one for each species, C. tarsalis and C. pipiens). Each product being the abundance per trap night multiplied by
the infection rate for that species.
Ai = Abundance
Pi = Infection Rate
Current WNV Adult Mosquito Treatment Policy
The City Manager may approve an adult mosquito treatment if a recommendation to conduct such a treatment is
provided by the Larimer County Department of Health and a vector index value of at least 0.75 occurs in an area
of at least 5 contiguous trap sites.
Treatment opt-out provision will be made to individuals registered on the Colorado Pesticide Sensitive Registry
and to businesses that have applied for and been granted a business opt-out based on economic impacts.
Previous City Council Resolutions
• Resolution 2003-097 authorized emergency response adult mosquito application and initiated a larvicide
program to reduce breeding. (Attachment 1)
• Resolution 2004-082 adopted 0.75 vector index criteria, directs public notification, provides for limited
exemptions for sensitive individuals. (Attachment 2)
• Resolution 2008-062 repealed 2004-082, established more extensive City policy, recognized WNV TAC,
appointed a WNV Advisory Panel to review adult mosquito treatment recommendations. (Attachment 3)
• Resolution 2014-049 established a treatment threshold of vector index of 0.75 and proof of human infection,
as well as evidence increasing abundance. Established floating zones. Established individual opt-out program
based on Colorado Pesticide Sensitivity Registry, and business opt-out program based on demonstrated
hardship. (Attachment 4)
• Resolution 2018-051 removed the requirement of human infection proof, i.e. positive blood donor or two
human cases in the current week. Maintained the vector index value at 0.75 in a floating zone (understood to
be at least 5 traps). (Attachment 5)
Adult Mosquito Treatments
The City makes adult mosquito applications only in response to a recommendation from the Larimer County
Department of Health. This recommendation uses data from the 53-trap network with infection rate testing
performed by Colorado State University (CSU). The recommendation identifies the geographic area of treatment
and is understood to be made at the earliest time possible. Both the City and County have collaborated through
the years to balance the WNV risk reduction effect of a treatment and the benefits of increased public notification
and limited area of treatment. Previous approaches to defining treatment zones included a city-wide approach
that required a vector index value of 0.75 across the entire trapping area, this resulted in fewer years in which a
given week’s VI value exceeded the threshold, but also resulted in application over the entirety of the city, some
areas of which were not experiencing elevated risk.
Measuring Success of Adult Mosquito Treatments
Measuring the vector index reduction impact of adult mosquito treatments is a challenge the program faces each
year a treatment is conducted. The intended effect (mosquito reduction) of a permethrin treatment is widely
accepted in the mosquito abatement profession; this is evidenced locally by reduced abundance values within the
City’s trapping network as well as a reduction of the vector index value in an overwhelming majority of treatment
operations. While closely controlled experiments indicate the efficacy of permethrin, real-world applications
present a wide variety of environmental variables that can alter efficacy. Using our standard trapping network and
the schedule of trapping, it can be difficult to demonstrate treatment efficacy, e.g., following a treatment, traps
February 11, 2020 Page 4
within the treatment area may not be set and collected until 4 days post-treatment. This temporal gap allows for
immigration of mosquitoes into the treatment area.
To better understand the efficacy of treatments, City Council funded a West Nile Virus Efficacy Study (Offer 89.2)
for the 2019-2020 budget cycle. Staff has worked with the CDC to implement such a study. However, given the
limited area of the rain-impacted 2019 application, only one trap was located within the treatment area. This did
not provide enough data to make an assessment. Staff will continue to work towards providing a local assessment
of efficacy of a permethrin treatment.
Non-Target Impacts of Adult Mosquito Treatments
The threat of permethrin harming non-target organisms is a serious concern, specifically for humans, pollinators,
and aquatic species. As with the application of all pesticides, it is vital that use only occurs within a well
formulated integrated pest management system. Impacts to all non-target organisms are mitigated primarily by a
program that uses an IPM approach and effectively reduces mosquitoes at the larval stage. This is the most
labor-intensive element of the WNV Program.
As WNV risk crosses the policy threshold, adult mosquito treatments are considered in targeted areas. Based on
previous reviews by the TAC, the current product selection is permethrin. Most recently labeled by the
Environmental Protection Agency in 2014, Aqua-Kontrol 30-30 allows for 25 treatments in a given area within a
year. Treatments administered by the City and Larimer County Health Department typically amount to less than 4
treatments at a given location within a year.
Mitigation of Impacts to Humans
The limited use of permethrin, provision of opt-outs for pesticide sensitive individuals, providing public notice of
treatments, and the practice of not making applications on Friday and Saturday nights all contribute to mitigating
risk to humans.
Mitigation of Impacts to Pollinators
Impacts to pollinators are greatly reduced with two specific operational decision points: (1) the product selection,
and (2) the timing of application. Permethrin is a synthesized replication of chemistry produced by the
chrysanthemum plant. While highly toxic to insects, it does not present the elevated risk to non-target insects as
neonicotinoids. The pollinator focused Xerces Society indicates that permethrin, when used within an IPM system
is greatly preferred to the use of neonicotinoids. When applications are timed to occur in the evening, honeybees
have retreated to their hives resulting in decreased risk. These measures do not eliminate the risk to the very
wide range of native and non-native pollinators; for instance, little information is available on the impacts to night-
active pollinators such as moths. When applied for public health purposes, restrictions on applications impacting
pollinators are excepted.
Mitigation of Impacts to Aquatic Organisms
Permethrin is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The product label restricts applications over bodies of water
unless mosquitoes are present and movement away from water is facilitated. Application directly into storm
drains, sewers, gutters, or other drains leading to bodies of water is also prohibited. When adult mosquito
treatments are conducted, application over water or directly into drains does not occur. During applications,
airspace over bodies of water is not treated, and sufficient buffers are given to decrease drift risk. The label
identifies residential and urban areas as allowable treatment areas. Additionally, the rapid breakdown of
permethrin due to sunshine greatly reduce the threat presented by runoff into storm drains.
Technical Advisory Committee Information
Since 2003, the City has used community expertise to inform its WNV Management Program. In 2007, the City
Manager formalized that community expertise as the WNV TAC. Volunteers are appointed by the City Manager
and provide feedback on the WNV Management Program. Each year the TAC convenes to review and consider
modifications to the program.
February 11, 2020 Page 5
TAC members include: Danielle Buttke (Natural Resources Advisory Board), Roxanne Connelly (CDC), Greg Ebel
(CSU), Boris Kondratieff (CSU), Dana Kunze (founder of ‘No Spray Fort Collins’ Facebook site), Shaun May
(Larimer County Department of Public Health and Environment), Greg McMaster (former Air Quality Board
member), and Chester G. Moore (CSU - Retired). While not representing their employers on the TAC, members
include internationally recognized experts on vector-borne diseases, entomology and public health issues.
Through the years the TAC has proven instrumental in identifying and promoting opportunities for continual
improvement including; expansion of the larval control perimeter, development of a business opt-out program, as
well as improvements to the communication of risk levels and data results. This year the WNV TAC will again
focus on identifying alternatives to permethrin as the adult mosquito insecticide of choice. Previous assessments
of permethrin have not identified a preferred alternative. The initial TAC meeting was held in January with
additional meetings in February, March, and April. If operational changes to the program are identified, staff will
work to implement those changes for the 2020 WNV operation season.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution 2003-097 (PDF)
2. Resolution 2004-082 (PDF)
3. Resolution 2008-062 (PDF)
4. Resolution 2014-049 (PDF)
5. Resolution 2018-051 (PDF)
6. Permethrin Label (PDF)
7. Permethrin Material Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
8. Powerpoint presentation (PDF)
ATTACHMENT 1
ATTACHMENT 2
ATTACHMENT 3
ATTACHMENT 4
ATTACHMENT 5
ATTACHMENT 6
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 1 of 8
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Univar Environmental Sciences Emergency Response Telephone Numbers
11305 Four points Drive For Spills Call Chemtrec: 1-(800)-424-9300
Bldg. 1, Suite 210 For Medical Emergencies Call: 1-(866)-674-4334
Austin, Texas 78726 For Other Emergencies Call: 1-(952)-653-3523
I. Material Identification
Product Name: Aqua-Kontrol 30– 30
EPA Reg. No: 73748-11
INGREDIENTS: (% w/w)
Permethrin (CAS Reg. No. 52645-53-1)
(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±) cis, trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 30.0%
-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate
1
Piperonyl Butoxide (CAS Reg. No. 51-03-6)
Equivalent to 80% (butylcarbityl)(6-propylpiperonyl) ether 30.0%
And 20% related compounds
Inert Ingredients
2
40.0%
1
cis/trans ratio: minimum 35% (±) cis and maximum 65% trans
2
Petroleum distillate solvent (CAS No. 64741-89-5).
Chemical Class: Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide and Synergist
EPA Signal Word: Caution
II. Hazardous Ingredients
MATERIAL: OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV
Active Ingredients: Permethrin Not established Not established
Piperonyl Butoxide Not established Not established
Inert Ingredient: Petroleum Distillate 5 mg/m
3
(oil mist) 5 mg/m
3
(oil mist)
ATTACHMENT 7
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 2 of 8
III. Health Hazard Data
EYE: May cause eye irritation, but does not cause irreversible damage to eye tissue.
SKIN CONTACT: May cause moderate skin irritation with prolonged or repeated contact. In rare
instances, exposure to this product may cause numbing, burning and tingling sensations. These effects are
reversible and usually subside within 12 hours.
SKIN ABSORPTION: The acute dermal toxicity is considered to be low. The dermal LD50 for rabbits
is greater than 2000 mg/kg.
INGESTION: The acute oral toxicity is considered to be low. The oral LD50 for rats is greater than 1000
mg/kg. Small amounts that might be swallowed incidental to normal handling operations are not likely to
cause injury; however, swallowing larger amounts may cause serious injury, even death. If aspirated
(liquid enters the lungs), may cause lung damage or even death due to chemical pneumonia.
INHALATION: The acute inhalation toxicity is considered to be low. The inhalation LC50 for rats is
greater than 4 mg/l for 4 hours. Symptoms of excessive exposure includes squinting eyes, irregular and
rattled breathing, ataxia, headache, dizziness, anesthesia, drowsiness, unconsciousness, and other central
nervous system effects.
SYSTEMIC (OTHER TARGET ORGAN) EFFECTS: Excessive exposure may produce effects on
the nervous system such as sensitivity to touch and sound, tremors, abnormal movement, and clonic
convulsions. Long-term studies with permethrin in laboratory animal resulted in increased liver and
kidney weights, induction of the liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system, and
histopathological changes in the lungs and liver. Long-term studies with piperonyl butoxide indicated
increased organ weights in the liver, kidney, and adrenal glands.
CANCER INFORMATION: Chronic feeding studies with permethrin in mice and rats indicate limited
evidence of oncogenicity in laboratory animals. Based on comprehensive evaluations of all relevant
health effects data, it was concluded that the oncogenic potential in humans is extremely weak or
nonexistent. A chronic feeding study in mice indicate an increased incidence of benign liver tumors; the
significance of these findings is questionable and under review. The doses that produced this oncogenic
effect in laboratory animals, greatly exceeds human exposure levels for the recommended use of this
product.
TERATOLOGY (BIRTH DEFECTS): The active ingredients in this product did not cause birth
defects in laboratory animal studies. Exposures having no effect on the mothers had no effect on the
fetuses in rabbits and rats. The no-effect levels for permethrin in rabbits and rats were 600 mg/kg and 50
mg/kg, respectively. The no-effect levels for piperonyl butoxide in rabbits and rats were 200 mg/kg and
1000 mg/kg, respectively.
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 3 of 8
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS: Permethrin and piperonyl butoxide did not interfere with fertility in
animal reproduction studies. The no effect level for permethrin in a two-generation rat reproduction study
was 180 mg/kg. The no-effect level for piperonyl butoxide in a two-generation rat reproduction study was
350 mg/kg.
MUTAGENICITY (EFFECTS ON GENETIC MATERIAL): Based on a number of in vivo and in
vitro studies, it was concluded that the active ingredients in this product are not mutagenic.
IV. First Aid Procedures
EYES: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if
present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for
treatment advice.
SKIN OR CLOTHING: Take off contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water
for 15 to 20 minutes. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.
INGESTION: Immediately call a poison control center or doctor. Do not induce vomiting unless told to
do so by a poison control center or doctor. Do not give any liquid to the person. Do not give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person.
INHALATION: Remove person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then
give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth, if possible. Call a poison control center or doctor
for further advice.
NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: This product has low oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity. It is moderately
irritating to the skin and is may be irritating to the eyes. Reversible skin sensations (paresthesia) may
occur and skin salves have been found useful in reducing discomfort. Contains a petroleum distillate
solvent that can produce a severe pneumonitis or fatal pulmonary edema if aspirated during vomiting.
Consideration should be given to gastric lavage with an endotracheal tube in place. Treatment is
controlled removal of exposure followed by symptomatic and supportive care.
For information on this product, contact the National Pesticide Information Center, 1-800-858-7378,
Monday – Friday, 7:30 AM – 3:30 PM PST. You may also contact the National Poison Control Center,
1-800-222-1222, day or night, for emergency medical treatment information.
V. Physical Hazard Information
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
Color: Clear light amber, Gardner 4
Physical State: Liquid
Odor: Mild Surfactant
Density: 8.55 lbs/gal (1.025 g/cm
3 @
25° C)
Solubility: Dispersible in water
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 4 of 8
Viscosity: 42.4 cps @ 25° C
pH: 4.10
Stability: Stable
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS:
Flash Point: 230º F
Method Used: Setaflash
Extinguishing Media: Foam, CO2, or dry chemical is preferred. Soft stream
water fog only if necessary
Fire & Explosion Precautions: Foam fire-extinguishing system is preferred because
uncontrolled water can spread possible contamination.
Do not allow fire-fighting water to escape into waterways
or sewers. Toxic irritating gases can be formed.
Fire-Fighting Equipment: Use positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
and full protective equipment.
REACTIVITY:
Stability: (CONDITIONS TO AVOID) Avoid heating above 200º F
(93º C). Contains a petroleum distillate solvent which can burn.
Incompatibility: (SPECIFIC MATERIALS TO AVOID) Strong Oxidizers.
Hazardous Decomposition: Under fire conditions hydrogen chloride, oxides of chlorine, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, and asphyxiants can be formed.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
VI. Environmental Protection
IN CASE OF SPILLS OR LEAKS: Wear protective clothing as described in Section VII (Personal
Protection and Precautions) of this MSDS. Absorb liquid with material such as clay, sand, sawdust, or
dirt. Sweep up and place in a suitable container for disposal and label the contents. Area can be
washed down with a suitable solution of bleach or soda ash and an appropriate alcohol (methanol,
ethanol, or isopropanol). Follow this by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Absorb any
excess liquid as indicated above, and add to the disposal container. Keep product, contaminated
materials and wash water out of streams and sewers. Wash exposed body areas thoroughly after
handling.
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 5 of 8
DISPOSAL METHOD: Do not contaminate food, feed, or water by storage or cleaning of equipment.
Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site, if approved waste handling
facilities are available, or at an approved waste handling facility.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES: In soil, permethrin is stable over a wide range of
pH values. Due to its high affinity for organic matter, (Koc = 86,000), there is little potential for
movement in soil or entry into ground water. Permethrin has a Log POW of 6.1, but a low potential to
bioconcentrate (BCF = 500) due to the ease with which it is metabolized. Piperonyl butoxide is reported
to have a maximum half-life of 4.3 days in soil and from 0.55 to 1.64 days in aqueous environments.
Gravitational settling removes piperonyl butoxide released in the atmosphere as an aerosol. Gaseous
piperonyl butoxide degrades in the atmosphere with an estimated half-life of 3.4 hours. It is reported that
piperonyl butoxide has a low potential for environmental bioconcentration.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Permethrin is highly toxic to fish (LC50 = 0.5 µg/L to 315
µg/L) and aquatic invertebrates (LC50 = 0.02 µg/L to 7.6 µg/L). Marine species are often more sensitive
than the freshwater species. Bacteria, algae, mollusks, and amphibians are much more tolerant of
permethrin than the fish and arthropods. Care should be taken to avoid contamination of the aquatic
environment. Permethrin is slightly toxic to birds and oral LD50 values are greater than 3,600 mg/kg.
Longer dietary studies showed that concentrations of up to 500 ppm in the diet had no effect on bird
reproduction. Piperonyl butoxide is acutely toxic to fish (LC50 = 3.94 mg/L to 6.12 mg/L) and highly
toxic to aquatic invertebrates (LC50 0.23 mg/L to 0.51 mg/L). Care should be taken to avoid
contamination of aquatic environments. Piperonyl butoxide has a low to very low toxicity to birds with an
acute oral LD50 greater than 2,250 mg/kg and longer-term dietary studies at LC
50 values greater than
5,620 ppm.
VII. Personal Protection and Precautions
EXPOSURE GUIDELINE(S):
Permethrin None established.
Piperonyl Butoxide None established
Petroleum Distillate 5 mg/m
3
(oil mist).
VENTILATION: Provide general and/or local exhaust ventilation to control airborne levels below the
exposure guideline. Ventilate all transport vehicles prior to unloading.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Atmospheric levels should be maintained below the exposure
guideline. For most conditions, no respiratory protection should be needed; however, if the exposure
guideline is exceeded, use an air-purifying respirator approved for pesticides (U.S. NIOSH/MSHA, EU
CEN, or comparable certification organization).
EYE/FACE PROTECTION: Use chemical protective goggles or a face shield.
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 6 of 8
SKIN PROTECTION: Wear coveralls or long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical protective gloves
(nitrile, neoprene, or Viton
®
brand), head covering and shoes plus socks. For increased exposures, wear a
full body cover barrier suit, such as a PVC rain suit. Contaminated leather articles, such as shoes, belts,
and watchbands, should be removed and destroyed. Launder all work clothing before reuse. Keep work
clothing separated from household laundry.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING AND STORAGE: See product label. Harmful if
swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wash
thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating or smoking. Avoid breathing dust vapor,
or spray mist. Store in a cool, dry place and away from heat. Keep out of reach of children and animals.
Keep away from food, feedstuffs, and water supplies.
VIII. DOT Hazardous Materials Information
U.S. SURFACE FREIGHT CLASS: Insecticide, NOI, other than Poison. NMFC Item 102120.
MARINE POLLUTANT #1: permethrin (Severe Marine Pollutant).
OTHER SHIPPING INFORMATION: This product is not regulated for transport in the USA when
shipped via highway or railroad in non-bulk packages. Describe using the “U.S. Surface Freight Class”
above, which applies in all cases.
* * * * *
SPECIAL NOTE: The following applies to water and air shipments, and shipments in bulk packages:
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s. (permethrin)
HAZARD CLASS OR DIVISION: 9
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: UN 3082
PACKING GROUP: III
OTHER: NAERG Guide 171
IX. Regulatory Information
SARA 313 INFORMATION: This product contains the following substances subject to the reporting
requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
and 40 CFR Part 372:
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CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER CONCENTRATION
Permethrin 52645-53-1 30.0%
Piperonyl Butoxide 51-03-5 30.0%
SARA HAZARD CATEGORY: This product has been reviewed according to the EPA “Hazard
Categories” promulgated under Sections 311 and 312 of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization
Act of 1986 (SARA Title III) and is considered, under applicable definitions, to meet the following
categories:
An immediate health hazard
A delayed health hazard
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA): All ingredients are on the TSCA inventory or are
not required to be listed on the TSCA inventory.
OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD: This product is a “Hazardous Chemical” as
defined by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200.
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) RATINGS:
Category Rating
Health 1
Flammability 1
Reactivity 0
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY
ACT (CERCLA, or SUPERFUND): This product contains the following substance(s) listed as
"Hazardous Substances" under CERCLA which may require reporting of releases:
Category:
Chemical Name CAS Number RQ % in Product
Permethrin 52645-53-1 not listed 30.0%
Piperonyl Butoxide 51-03-6 not listed 30.0%
Petroleum Distillate 64741-89-5 not listed 24.6%
Issue Date: January 30, 2014
This document is prepared pursuant to the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
In addition, other substances not “Hazardous” per this OSHA Standard may be listed. Where proprietary
ingredient shows, the identity may be made available as provided in this standard.
Aqua-Kontrol 30 - 30 Page 8 of 8
NOTICE: The information herein is presented in good faith and believed to be accurate as of the
effective date shown above. However, no warranty, expressed or implied, is given. Regulatory
requirements are subject to change and may differ from one location to another; it is the buyer’s
responsibility to ensure that its activities comply with federal, state, and local laws and regulations.
See MSDS for health and safety information.
February 11, 2020
West Nile Virus Program
Mike Calhoon, Parks Director
ATTACHMENT 8
Questions for City Council
2
1. Does Council have any clarifying questions?
2. Does Council wish to pursue policy changes to the
WNV Management Program?
West Nile Virus Management
PROGRAM GOAL
To reduce the risk of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection while limiting
adverse human health and environmental impacts.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE
Neighborhood Livability and Social Health 1.6
Protect and preserve the quality of life in neighborhoods.
3
West Nile Virus Management
• Background on WNV
• Guiding Principles of WNV Program
• Competing Values within Public Health
4
West Nile Virus – Amplification Cycle
5
Human Impacts of West Nile Virus
• No vaccine; no specific therapeutic treatment
• 70 - 80% Asymptomatic, no known issues
• 20% Present with fever
• <1% Neuro-invasive; encephalitis, meningitis, life-long impacts
• 0.1% Fatal
6
Public Health – Not a Nuisance Program
• 12+ species of mosquitoes in
Fort Collins area
• 2 species carry and transmit WNV
• Only female mosquitoes bite, transmit
WNV
• Culex pipiens, C. tarsalis are 2 of the 3
most abundant species
7
West Nile Virus – Human Cases
8
* Estimates based on CDC projection of 80% no symptoms, 20% febrile,
.66% neuroinvasive, .066% fatal
Best Management Practices
9
Centers for
Disease
Control
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Larimer County
Department of
Health
Colorado State
University
Trapping
Network Data
West Nile Virus – Guiding Principles
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Data-guided management actions
• Ongoing communication
• Quick and effective adult
mosquito application only when
and where necessary
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West Nile Virus Budget
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Program Budget (approx.) $370,000
Larval Control $190,000 (51%)
Trapping 60,000 (16%)
Testing $47,000 (13%)
Education $40,000 (11%)
Program Management $33,000 (9%)
Larval Control
Trapping
Testing
Education
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Attack issue from multiple angles
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Prevention
Identify
and
Monitor
Control Set
Thresholds
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
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Prevention Public Awareness, personal responsibility,
source reduction
Identify and Monitor Monitor production, trapping and testing system
Control Larval Control; 8 – 13 contracted employees every
week (May – Sept)
Set Action Thresholds Predetermine increased outreach points, spraying
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Decisions Guided by Data
• Identify and Monitor – systems
vary across the nation
• Surveillance and vector index
system based on work by CSU
and CDC
• Vector index calculates
mosquito abundance and rate
of WNV infection
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Quick, Targeted and Effective Applications
• Identify the smallest effective treatment area
• Provide public notice (48 hrs.) while limiting
lag time
• Use LETA to notify residents
(Text FCWNV to 888-777)
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How Often Do We Spray?
Did Not Spray^:
2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017
*Spray mileage decreased due to weather
^Including LC applications 2014, 2015
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Year 2003 2004 2007 2012 2013 2016 2018 2019
Miles 244 603 860 225 597 333 233 48*
(263)
Applications are conducted roughly every other year
Competing Public Health Values
• WNV Risk vs. Insecticide Exposure Risk
• Proactive (increase awareness, reduce larvae)
• Action threshold greater than single positive trap
• Lag time of intervention vs. public notice
• Permethrin EPA label allows 20 applications a year;
• Fort Collins program typically 1-2 year maximum.
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Major Policy Milestones
• Removed requirement
for proof of human
infection
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• Authorized emergency
response application
• Initiated larvicide program
• Repealed 2004 resolution
• Established extensive City policy
• Recognized TAC & appointed
Advisory Panel
• Confirmed .75 vector index threshold,
human infection & increasing abundance
• Floating zones
• Individual & business opt-out program
2003 2004 2008 2014 2018
• Adopted .75 vector index threshold
• Directed public notification
• Limited exemptions for sensitive
individuals
Next Steps
• Continue off-season review with
Technical Advisory Committee and
provide update to Council in April
• Provide additional information if
Council seeks to change policy
• Larvicide operations begin April/May
• Policy changes in place by late May
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Questions for City Council
1. Does Council have any clarifying questions?
2. Does Council wish to pursue policy changes to the
WNV Management Program?
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