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COUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 06/06/2017 - FIRST READING OF ORDINANCE NO. 078, 2017, DESIGNAT
Agenda Item 10 Item # 10 Page 1 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY June 6, 2017 City Council STAFF Karen McWilliams, Historic Preservation Planner SUBJECT First Reading of Ordinance No. 078, 2017, Designating the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory located at 212 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado, as a Fort Collins Landmark Pursuant to Chapter 14 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This item is a quasi-judicial matter and if it is considered on the discussion agenda, it will be considered in accordance with the procedures described in Section 1(e) of the Council’s Rules of Meeting Procedures adopted in Resolution 2017-017. The purpose of this item is to designate the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory located at 212 Laporte Avenue, currently the Butterfly Café, as a Fort Collins Landmark. The Operation Services Department of the City of Fort Collins is initiating this request on behalf of the City as the owner. This structure is eligible for recognition as a Landmark due to its historic integrity and significance to Fort Collins under Designation Standard A, for its association with the twentieth-century dairy industry in Fort Collins; and Standard C, for the building’s Modernist design with Googie influences, which well represents the trend as expressed in this community in the late 1950s and early 1960s. STAFF RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends adoption of the Ordinance on First Reading. BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION The Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory, built in the late 1950s, was used as a depot for the delivery route drivers and as a retail store and office space throughout the years. The building was also used as Dairy Gold’s “drive- thru dairy bar.” Today, the building is the Butterfly Café, a coffee and brunch spot.The Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory is significant under Fort Collins Landmark Designation Significance Standard A, for its association with the twentieth-century dairy industry in Fort Collins; and Standard C, for the building’s Modernist architecture with Googie-influenced design elements, which well represents the trend of new building construction as expressed in this community in the late 1950s and early 1960s. While the building has lost some integrity because it is no longer in the same location on the site and because its original setting has changed from a dairy to a municipal government setting, the overall integrity of the building is intact. It has experienced no major alterations, continues to express its historic architectural style, and conveys association with the former use of the site as the last remaining physical dairy structure from that era. CITY FINANCIAL IMPACTS Recognition of this property as a Fort Collins Landmark enables its owners to qualify for local financial incentive programs available only to Landmark designated properties. Agenda Item 10 Item # 10 Page 2 BOARD / COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION The Landmark Preservation Commission (LPC) considered this item at its April 19, 2017 Regular Meeting. The item was adopted unanimously (8-0). ATTACHMENTS 1. Location map (PDF) 2. Landmark Designation Application and signed owner consent (PDF) 3. Staff Report (PDF) 4. Landmark Preservation Commission Resolution (PDF) N Mason St N Howes St Laporte Ave Maple St N Meldrum St Landmark Preservation Commission April 19, 2017 © Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory 212 Laporte Ave 1 inch = 171 feet ATTACHMENT 1 Revised 08-2014 Page 1 Fort Collins Landmark Designation LOCATION INFORMATION: Address: 212 Laporte Avenue Legal Description: Please see the legal description attached hereto as Exhibit A. Property Name (historic and/or common): Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory Other Names (historic and/or common): Poudre Valley Creamery Laboratory; “Butterfly” Building OWNER INFORMATION: Name: City of Fort Collins, Colorado Address: P. O. Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522-0580 Contact: Brian Hergott, Facilities Project Manager, bhergott@fcgov.com, 970-221-6804. CLASSIFICATION Category Ownership Status Present Use Existing Designation Building Public Occupied Commercial Nat’l Register Structure Private Unoccupied Educational State Register Site Religious Object Residential District Entertainment Government Other FORM PREPARED BY: Name and Title: Cassandra Bumgarner, Historic Preservation Planner Address: City of Fort Collins, Historic Preservation Department, P.O. Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522 Contact: cbumgarner@fcgov.com; 970-416-4250 Relationship to Owner: None. DATE: 04/05/2017 Planning, Development & Transportation Services Community Development & Neighborhood Services 281 North College Avenue P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522.0580 970.41 0 970.22 4- fax fcgov.c ATTACHMENT 2 Revised 08-2014 Page 2 TYPE OF DESIGNATION and BOUNDARIES Individual Landmark Property Landmark District Explanation of Boundaries: This designation is for the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory Building. Please see the legal description attached hereto as Exhibit A. SIGNIFICANCE: Significance is the importance of a site, structure, object or district to the history, architecture, archeology, engineering or culture of our community, state or nation. For designation as Fort Collins Landmarks or Fort Collins Landmark Districts properties must meet one (1) or more of the following standards: Standard A: Events. This property is associated with events that have made a recognizable contribution to the broad patterns of the history of the community, State or Nation. It is associated with either (or both) of these two (2) types of events: 1. A specific event marking an important moment in Fort Collins prehistory or history; and/or 2. A pattern of events or a historic trend that made a recognizable contribution to the development of the community, State or Nation. Standard B: Persons/Groups. This property is associated with the lives of persons or groups of persons recognizable in the history of the community, State or Nation whose specific contributions to that history can be identified and documented. Standard C: Design/Construction. This property embodies the identifiable characteristics of a type, period or method of construction; represents the work of a craftsman or architect whose work is distinguishable from others by its characteristic style and quality; possesses high artistic values or design concepts; or is part of a recognizable and distinguishable group of properties. Standard D: Information potential. This property has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. EXTERIOR INTEGRITY: Exterior integrity is the ability of a site, structure, object or district to be able to convey its significance. The exterior integrity of a resource is based on the degree to which it retains all or some of seven (7) aspects or qualities: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. All seven qualities do not need to be present for a site, structure, object or district to be eligible as long as the overall sense of past time and place is evident. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE and EXTERIOR INTEGRITY: Describe why the property is significant and how it possesses exterior integrity. The Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory is significant under Fort Collins Landmark Designation Significance Standard A, for its association with the twentieth-century dairy industry in Fort Collins; and Standard C, for the building’s Modernist architecture with Googie-influenced design elements, which well represents the trend of new building construction as expressed in this community in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The building retains a strong preponderance of exterior integrity under five of the seven aspects of integrity, Standards B, D, E, F and G. While the building has lost some integrity because it is no longer in the same location on the site and because its original setting has changed from a dairy to a municipal government setting, the overall integrity of the building is intact. It has experienced no major alterations, Revised 08-2014 Page 3 continues to express its historic architectural style, and conveys association with the former use of the site as the last remaining physical dairy structure from that era. The property retains a preponderance of exterior integrity, as follows: Standard A: Location. Integrity of location is defined as "the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred." The structure has been shifted to the east, and is not in the location where it was originally constructed; however, it is still located on the original property it is historically associated with, is oriented in the same location, and retains a comparable historic setback to its original setback. A nearby marker denotes the original location. Standard B: Design. Integrity of design is defined as "the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property." The structure’s original form, massing, scale, and proportion are wholly discernible. The design still embodies the eccentric, eye-catching midcentury Googie style. Standard C: Setting. The setting does not remain substantially intact. Standard D: Materials. This property retains much of the historic physical elements that originally formed the property. The original construction materials remain intact and highly visible. Standard E: Workmanship. This property possesses evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. This consists of evidence of artisans' labor and skill in constructing or altering the building, structure or site. The structure retains a high level of workmanship, seen in the Googie style details of the building including, but not limited to, the cantilevered roof and large windows. Standard F: Feeling. Integrity of feeling is defined as "a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time." This building still evokes the feeling of the automobile- oriented roadside culture of the mid-twentieth century. Standard G: Association. Integrity of association is defined as "the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property." The property sustains a strong association with its past as a laboratory for the development and testing of dairy products in the mid-twentieth century. HISTORICAL INFORMATION The report “Historic Preservation Analysis: Riverside Ice and Storage Co. 222 Laporte Avenue” (2009) by Tatanka Historical Associates describes the historical context for this building. The following analysis is based primarily on this document. According to the report, local businessman James F. Vandewark launched a natural ice delivery business in Fort Collins in the early 1890s. This business would eventually expand into an artificial ice plant and move to 222 Laporte Avenue. Natural ice delivery was a seasonal operation based on harvesting ice during the winter from lakes and ponds. The ice was only available during the colder months and contained impurities. Although natural ice blocks could be packed and store for a long time, this was a product whose reliability and cleanliness was important to every home and some businesses as well. At that time, ice blocks were delivered throughout the city and surrounding region by horse-drawn wagon. Revised 08-2014 Page 4 In 1902, Vandewark built an artificial ice plant on Riverside Avenue and began to offer year round service. The business thrived, supplying customers throughout the Fort Collins area with blocks for their iceboxes. In 1909, Vandewark incorporated the firm as the Riverside Ice & Storage Company (RISCO). In 1910, the Union Pacific Railroad became interested in the RISCO site along Riverside Avenue as it purchased right-of- way into the city. Vandewark sold the property to the railroad and then acquired several lots on Laporte Avenue west of Mason Street, where he planned to relocate his business. This property was already occupied by a two-story building that housed the Fort Collins Planing Mill Company. The mill was demolished to make room for Vandewark’s new RISCO ice and cold storage plant, the three-story core of which was completed in 1912. With a new industrial facility and state-of-the-art machinery, Vandewark proceeded to turn RISCO into a significant Fort Collins commercial enterprise offering a variety of products and services reliant upon refrigeration and cold storage. The three-story brick warehouse building included several refrigerated rooms, some of which were lined with 4”-thick cork insulation to keep the artificial ice blocks from melting. While the most heavily insulated rooms were designed to store ice, others were intended to hold fresh fruit, vegetables, poultry and eggs. These perishable farm products were offered to area customers, who could call the plant and place orders for delivery along with their ice blocks. RISCO provided Larimer County farmers with an outlet for their produce and poultry products, and Vandewark became a successful middleman between the farm and the customer. One cold room was set aside for the storage of ladies furs, where they were protected from moths. Many of the city’s women placed their furs with the company during the summer months. Another room on the top floor was designed for dry storage. Access to all of these levels, as well as a basement storage room, was by way of an interior freight elevator. The front dock area allowed several delivery trucks (gasoline- powered trucks replaced the earlier horse-drawn wagons) to be loaded or off-loaded at a time. Installed in 1914, the ice cream operation produced seven hundred gallons of product daily. This arm of the RISCO business rapidly became popular among the city’s residents. In 1914, RISCO employed ten men full-time at the plant, and another six were added during the summer months. Expansion of the original building continued with several early brick additions to the north. By 1917 the facility was at least three-quarters of its eventual maximum size. In addition to the cold storage warehouse, the expanded plant contained offices, an ice plant that used distilled water, an ice cream production room, a boiler room, brine tanks, and shop space. Housed in what was then the northwest room, the ice machine was capable of producing thirty tons of ice each day. It operated twenty-four hours a day throughout most of the year. The plant was powered by steam produced by two large boilers and it had electric lights from the beginning. The firm also offered its customers fine-grade heating coal, garden and field seeds, and a selection of home iceboxes. By 1925, the facility expanded again with a northwest vehicle garage along the rear alley. Sometime around 1920, a filling station was constructed on the south edge of the property along the north side of Laporte Avenue. Known as the RISCO Filling Station, this facility sold fuel to local drivers and also provided oils, tires, and automotive service. In the immediate area, there were several gasoline and oil companies, such as Continental Oil Company, Sinclair Oil Company, Starkey Oil and Gas Company, and Texas Company.1 Between 1925 and 1943, the company constructed the seven-vehicle garage in the southwest corner of the property to store its delivery vehicles. By the early 1940s, the RISCO ice and cold storage plant had been expanded again, this time with the construction of a front office along with a cream station room on its west side. Starting in the 1920s, electric refrigerators became available to American households and businesses. Over the following two decades, millions of the units were purchased and customers cancelled their ice block delivery service. With the ice market declining, RISCO became increasingly dependent upon its dairy 1 Fort Collins 1922 City Directory. Revised 08-2014 Page 5 products business. During the World War II era, the business either changed its name or was acquired by another dairy products company and it became known as Dairy Gold Foods. The 1948 City Directory is the first to list the company as Dairy Gold Foods Company.2 The facility produced not only ice cream, but expanded into the production, packaging and delivery of milk, butter and other dairy products. At some point in the late 1950s, the company razed the old gasoline station in front of the building on Laporte Avenue and constructed a small building on the same spot, to be used as a dairy products laboratory.3 The dairy products laboratory served as a place for Dairy Gold to test dairy products. Purifying dairy products and agricultural reform escalated beginning in the 1930s. Historian Kendra Smith-Howard noted, “The environment in which milk was produced remained relevant to health reformers’ assessment of milk’s purity even as bacteriology and laboratory methods revolutionized public health.”4 The building was also used as Dairy Gold’s “drive-thru dairy bar,” as the caption on a 1957 vintage milk bottle attests.5 By the early 1960s, Dairy Gold Foods appears to have gone out of business and the plant on Laporte Avenue was temporarily closed. The facility sat vacant until 1964 when it was acquired by the Poudre Valley Creamery, whose main facility had been located a few blocks to the east along Jefferson Street since the 1950s. Poudre Valley Creamery occupied the site on Laporte Avenue and brought the plant back into production. The company used the laboratory building as a depot for the delivery route drivers and as a retail store and office space throughout the years.6 Poudre Valley Creamery continued to operate the facility until 2001, when Suiza Foods of Texas purchased the firm and then permanently closed all of its Fort Collins operations. The City of Fort Collins has owned the property since 2001. In 2011, the City completed the demolition of the main brick creamery building after assessing the structural integrity of the buildings on the site.7 Construction of the City’s new Utilities Administration Building at 222 Laporte Avenue was completed in fall 2016. The three-story structure incorporates salvaged bricks from the demolished creamery building. The historic laboratory building, known colloquially as the “butterfly” building due to the shape of the cantilevered roof, remains on the site in a new location 100 feet east of the original location, with the original diagonal orientation to the street preserved. The building’s new address is 212 Laporte Avenue. The original location of the building is marked permanently in the pavement in front of the new City administration building, and an interpretive brass sign detailing the history of the laboratory building and its relationship to the original site history and layout is installed at the site. 2 Fort Collins 1948 City Directory. 3 Building permit No. 652 offers new insight on the date of construction. On the CityDocs website, there is a building permit (No. 652) that shows that on April 23, 1957, a new building was planned. The valuation of this building was $4,000. This could have been the laboratory building; however, there is not enough detail on the building permit to confirm that. The Fort Collins Sanborn Map, originally created in 1925, but updated in June of 1959 (and pasted on in December of 1961) shows the laboratory building. The Sanborn Map was again updated in 1961 and 1963. So although a precise date cannot be determined, the building was erected before 1964. 4 Kendra Smith-Howard, Pure and Modern Milk: An Environmental History since 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 21. 5 Digital image of “Dairy Gold” square quart milk bottle, 1957, at http://www.weltonsmilkbottles.com/viewitem.php?record_id=1139&pic_id=1618, accessed September 28, 2016. 6 Kevin Duggan, “Historic ‘Butterfly’ Building to Take Flights,” Coloradoan, June 22, 2015; Comment on blog post at http://www.lostfortcollins.net/2011/04/23/poudre-valley-creamery-building/ from former delivery route driver “captainbevo,” May 7, 2011, accessed September 28, 2016; Erin Udell, “Butterfly Building Set to Emerge from Cocoon,” Coloradoan, April 5, 2017. 7 Building Permit #B1101665, April 21, 2011. Revised 08-2014 Page 6 ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION Construction Date: Late 1950s Architect/Builder: Miller Brothers Building Materials: Concrete, brick Architectural Style: Modernist Design with Googie Influences The building retains its original Modernist architectural features, many of which are influenced by Googie design. Prominent architectural features are its V-shaped (“upswept”) cantilevered roof, exposed beams, plate glass windows, rectangular stacked bond parapet, and the employment of concrete bricks. To top off its unusual style, the building was oriented on a diagonal rather in relation to standard north-south compass points. These features all distinguish this small building in relation to its surroundings. Because it has experienced few alterations, the building exhibits a high degree of integrity in relation to its historic architecture. It remains one of Fort Collins’ best examples of mid-twentieth century Modernist architecture, further enhanced by its Googie design influences. This small building was originally located across the parking lot to the south of the site of the main factory building, which the City of Fort Collins razed in 2011. The building was moved approximately 100 feet to the east, which made room for the new administration and customer service building for Fort Collins Utilities.8 The City of Fort Collins moved the building to raise the building out of the floodplain and place it in a prominent location for the redevelopment of Block 32 as a municipal administration site. The square, one-story building was placed at the same diagonal angle from the street front as the original location and faces toward the south-southeast. It rests upon a raised concrete plinth which forms its foundation. Its exterior walls are constructed of oversized concrete bricks that are primarily laid in stretcher bond coursing. The southwest corner is laid in stacked bond coursing, forming a three-sided wall that rises above the roofline. The cantilevered roof is V- shaped and supported by three beams that run on a north-south axis. Its wide boxed eaves are finished with wood fascia boards, single bands of circular ventilation holes, and circa 1960s double spotlight fixtures. A historical photograph indicates that the building previously had a Dairy Gold sign attached to the columnar parapet on the building’s facade. The prominence, form, and bright coloring of the sign were characteristic of the whimsical Space Age elements found on Googie style buildings in the mid-twentieth century. The photograph, which was taken in the late 1950s, shows the building painted white with red contrasting trim. A later photograph indicates the building was repainted at some point in a different color scheme of aqua and yellow trim against the white building. Most recently, the building has been painted with a light grey body and dark grey trim.9 The original form of the sign was reconstructed and attached to the parapet. The main entry to the building is found on its south elevation. This holds a commercial door with three square lights. The entry includes a wood frame and a single-light angled transom that opens to the interior as a hopper window. In front of this entry is a small two-step concrete stoop. On the north rear elevation the building entry originally included a slab door positioned directly under the intersection of the upswept roof elements. To make the rear door more useful as a service entrance, the City of Fort Collins enlarged the opening by approximately one-foot, moved it several feet to the east, and installed a new door with a single light window. 8 Kevin Duggan, “Historic ‘Butterfly’ Building to Take Flights,” Coloradoan, June 22, 2015. 9 See attached photos in this document. Revised 08-2014 Page 7 Fenestration on the building is dominated by a tall band of five fixed windows that wrap around its southeast corner. The south elevation windows consist of two lights. On the east elevation they are single lights. A similar tall single-light window is found on the west elevation. These are all set into wood frames and have concrete sills. Also found on the west elevation is a small two-light sliding window. This is set in a wood frame and has a brick rowlock sill. On the north elevation, the only window is a small single-light window with a wood frame. The structure was designed to hold a creamery laboratory in the late 1950s. The interior of the building was separated into a main area, an office, and a restroom. The floors were finished with ceramic tiles, the walls exhibit the concrete brickwork, and the ceiling and interior walls were finished with plaster or drywall. The lower wood beam of the V-shaped roof is exposed and supported by a metal pipe post. A wood panel door with a single light was found on the office with the word “Office” painted on the door. In 2016, the City of Fort Collins altered the interior configuration and finishing materials to prepare the building for new tenant occupancy. The new layout has a restroom in the front as well as dining space. The kitchen and storage remain at the rear of the building. The exterior brick has been painted light gray. REFERENCE LIST or SOURCES of INFORMATION (attach a separate sheet if needed) Building Permit #B1101665, April 21, 2011. City of Fort Collins building permits, 1957, City of Fort Collins, Historic Preservation Department, Fort Collins, Colorado. City of Fort Collins City Directories, 1922 and 1948. Accessed from Fort Collins History Connection. Duggan, Kevin. “Historic ‘Butterfly’ Building to Take Flights,” Coloradoan, June 22, 2015 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1925-1961. Smith-Howard, Kendra. Pure and Modern Milk; An Environmental History since 1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Tatanka Historical Associates, “Historic Preservation Analysis: Riverside Ice & Storage Co. 222 Laporte Avenue Ave.,” August 6, 2009. Revised 08-2014 Page 8 The former Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory building in its original location with the Dairy Gold sign and the brick dairy building visible (1964, looking northeast). Photo by Ruth Dermody, used with permission of her grandson, Jim Burrill. The former Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory building in its original location on the site at 222 Laporte Avenue (looking west) Revised 08-2014 Page 9 The former Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory building in its new location on the site at 212 Laporte Avenue (2016, looking southwest from 215 Mason Street, with the Utilities Administration building shown under construction) The former Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory building in its new location on the site at 212 Laporte Avenue (2016, looking north east) Revised 08-2014 Page 10 Revised 08-2014 Page 11 Revised 08-2014 Page 12 Agenda Item 5 Item # 5 Page 1 STAFF REPORT April 19, 2017 Landmark Preservation Commission PROJECT NAME DAIRY GOLD CREAMERY LABORATORY, 212 LAPORTE - APPLICATION FOR FORT COLLINS LANDMARK DESIGNATION STAFF Cassandra Bumgarner, Historic Preservation Planner PROJECT INFORMATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This item is to consider the request for a recommendation to City Council regarding landmark designation for the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory, a midcentury commercial building that is significant for its connection to the dairy industry in Fort Collins and Googie-style architecture. APPLICANT: Kenneth Mannon, Operations Services Director OWNER: City of Fort Collins RECOMMENDATION: Approval EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND The Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory is significant under Fort Collins Landmark Designation Standard A, for its association with the dairy industry, and Standard C, for its identifiable Googie-style design and construction. Built in the late 1950s, the dairy products laboratory served as a place for Dairy Gold to test their dairy products. The building retains its original Googie Style architectural features. Prominent among these are its V-shaped (“upswept”) cantilevered roof, exposed beams, plate glass windows, rectangular stacked bond parapet, and the employment of concrete bricks. To top off its unusual style, the building was oriented on a diagonal rather in relation to standard north-south compass points. These features all distinguish this small building in relation to its surroundings. Because it has experienced few alterations, the building exhibits a high degree of integrity in relation to its historic architecture. It remains one of Fort Collins’ best examples of mid-twentieth century Googie Style architecture. The current owner of this property, the City of Fort Collins Operation Services Department, has submitted an application requesting consideration for Fort Collins local landmark designation. COMMISSION ACTION Chapter 14, Article II of the Municipal Code, “Designation Procedures,” provides the process and standards for designation of a property as a Fort Collins Landmark. The Commission shall adopt a motion providing a recommendation on eligibility to City Council. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE and EXTERIOR INTEGRITY ATTACHMENT 3 Agenda Item 5 Item # 5 Page 2 The Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory is significant under Fort Collins Landmark Designation Significance Standard A, for its association with the twentieth-century dairy industry in Fort Collins; and Standard C, for the building’s Googie-style design and construction, which well represents the trend as expressed in this community in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The building retains a strong preponderance of exterior integrity under five of the seven aspects of integrity, Standards B, D, E, F and G. While the building has lost some integrity because it is no longer in the same location on the site and because its original setting has changed from a dairy to a municipal government setting, the overall integrity of the building is intact. It has experienced no major alterations, continues to express its historic architectural style, and conveys association with the former use of the site as the last remaining physical dairy structure from that era. The property retains a preponderance of exterior integrity, as follows: Standard A: Location. Integrity of location is defined as "the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred." The structure is not in the location, on this property, where it was originally constructed; however, this is now a marker in the original location. Standard B: Design. Integrity of design is defined as "the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property." The structure’s original form, massing, scale, and proportion are wholly discernible. The design still embodies the eccentric, eye-catching midcentury Googie style. Standard C: Setting. The setting does not remain substantially intact. Standard D: Materials. This property retains much of the historic physical elements that originally formed the property. The original construction materials remain intact and highly visible. Standard E: Workmanship. This property possesses evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. This consists of evidence of artisans' labor and skill in constructing or altering the building, structure or site. The structure retains a high level of workmanship, seen in the Googie style details of the building including, but not limited to, the cantilevered roof and large windows. Standard F: Feeling. Integrity of feeling is defined as "a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time." This building still evokes the feeling of the automobile-oriented roadside culture of the mid-twentieth century. Standard G: Association. Integrity of association is defined as "the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property." The property sustains a strong association with its past as a laboratory for the development and testing of dairy products in the mid-twentieth century. HISTORICAL INFORMATION The report “Historic Preservation Analysis: Riverside Ice and Storage Co. 222 Laporte Avenue” (2009) by Tatanka Historical Associates describes the historical context for this building. The following analysis is based primarily on this document. According to the report, local businessman James F. Vandewark launched a natural ice delivery business in Fort Collins in the early 1890s. This business would eventually expand into an artificial ice plant and move to 222 Laporte Avenue. Natural ice delivery was a seasonal operation based on harvesting ice during the winter from lakes and ponds. The ice was only available during the colder months and contained impurities. Although natural ice blocks could be packed and store for a long time, this was a product whose reliability and cleanliness was important to every home and some businesses as well. At that time, ice blocks were delivered throughout the city and surrounding region by horse-drawn wagon. In 1902, Vandewark built an artificial ice plant on Riverside Avenue and began to offer year round service. The Agenda Item 5 Item # 5 Page 3 business thrived, supplying customers throughout the Fort Collins area with blocks for their iceboxes. In 1909, Vandewark incorporated the firm as the Riverside Ice & Storage Company (RISCO). In 1910, the Union Pacific Railroad became interested in the RISCO site along Riverside Avenue as it purchased right-of-way into the city. Vandewark sold the property to the railroad and then acquired several lots on Laporte Avenue west of Mason Street, where he planned to relocate his business. This property was already occupied by a two-story building that housed the Fort Collins Planing Mill Company. The mill was demolished to make room for Vandewark’s new RISCO ice and cold storage plant, the three-story core of which was completed in 1912. With a new industrial facility and state-of-the-art machinery, Vandewark proceeded to turn RISCO into a significant Fort Collins commercial enterprise offering a variety of products and services reliant upon refrigeration and cold storage. The three-story brick warehouse building included several refrigerated rooms, some of which were lined with 4”-thick cork insulation to keep the artificial ice blocks from melting. While the most heavily insulated rooms were designed to store ice, others were intended to hold fresh fruit, vegetables, poultry and eggs. These perishable farm products were offered to area customers, who could call the plant and place orders for delivery along with their ice blocks. RISCO provided Larimer County farmers with an outlet for their produce and poultry products, and Vandewark became a successful middleman between the farm and the customer. One cold room was set aside for the storage of ladies furs, where they were protected from moths. Many of the city’s women placed their furs with the company during the summer months. Another room on the top floor was designed for dry storage. Access to all of these levels, as well as a basement storage room, was by way of an interior freight elevator. The front dock area allowed several delivery trucks (gasoline-powered trucks replaced the earlier horse-drawn wagons) to be loaded or off-loaded at a time. Installed in 1914, the ice cream operation produced seven hundred gallons of product daily. This arm of the RISCO business rapidly became popular among the city’s residents. In 1914, RISCO employed ten men full-time at the plant, and another six were added during the summer months. Expansion of the original building continued with several early brick additions to the north. By 1917 the facility was at least three-quarters of its eventual maximum size. In addition to the cold storage warehouse, the expanded plant contained offices, an ice plant that used distilled water, an ice cream production room, a boiler room, brine tanks, and shop space. Housed in what was then the northwest room, the ice machine was capable of producing thirty tons of ice each day. It operated twenty-four hours a day throughout most of the year. The plant was powered by steam produced by two large boilers and it had electric lights from the beginning. The firm also offered its customers fine-grade heating coal, garden and field seeds, and a selection of home iceboxes. By 1925, the facility expanded again with a northwest vehicle garage along the rear alley. Sometime around 1920, a filling station was constructed on the south edge of the property along the north side of Laporte Avenue. Known as the RISCO Filling Station, this facility sold fuel to local drivers and also provided oils, tires, and automotive service. In the immediate area, there were several gasoline and oil companies, such as Continental Oil Company, Sinclair Oil Company, Starkey Oil and Gas Company, and Texas Company.1 Between 1925 and 1943, the company constructed the seven-vehicle garage in the southwest corner of the property to store its delivery vehicles. By the early 1940s, the RISCO ice and cold storage plant had been expanded again, this time with the construction of a front office along with a cream station room on its west side. Starting in the 1920s, electric refrigerators became available to American households and businesses. Over the following two decades, millions of the units were purchased and customers cancelled their ice block delivery service. With the ice market declining, RISCO became increasingly dependent upon its dairy products business. During the World War II era, the business either changed its name or was acquired by another dairy products company and it became known as Dairy Gold Foods. The 1948 City Directory is the first to list the company as Dairy Gold Foods Company.2 The facility produced not only ice cream, but expanded into the production, packaging and delivery of milk, butter and other dairy products. At some point in the late 1950s, the company razed the old gasoline station in front of the building on Laporte Avenue and constructed a small building on the 1 Fort Collins 1922 City Directory. 2 Fort Collins 1948 City Directory. Agenda Item 5 Item # 5 Page 4 same spot to be used as a dairy products laboratory.3 The dairy products laboratory served as a place for Dairy Gold to test dairy products. Purifying dairy products and agricultural reform escalated beginning in the 1930s. Historian Kendra Smith-Howard noted, “The environment in which milk was produced remained relevant to health reformers’ assessment of milk’s purity even as bacteriology and laboratory methods revolutionized public health.”4 The building was also used as Dairy Gold’s “drive-thru dairy bar,” as the caption on a 1957 vintage milk bottle attests.5 By the early 1960s, Dairy Gold Foods appears to have gone out of business and the plant on Laporte Avenue was temporarily closed. The facility sat vacant until 1964 when it was acquired by the Poudre Valley Creamery, whose main facility had been located a few blocks to the east along Jefferson Street since the 1950s. Poudre Valley Creamery occupied the site on Laporte Avenue and brought the plant back into production. The company used the laboratory building as a depot for the delivery route drivers and as a retail store and office space throughout the years.6 Poudre Valley Creamery continued to operate the facility until 2001, when Suiza Foods of Texas purchased the firm and then permanently closed all of its Fort Collins operations. The City of Fort Collins has owned the property since 2001. In 2011, the City completed the demolition of the main brick creamery building after assessing the structural integrity of the buildings on the site.7 Construction of the City’s new Utilities Administration Building at 222 Laporte Avenue was completed in fall 2016. The three-story structure incorporates salvaged bricks from the demolished creamery building. The historic laboratory building, known colloquially as the “butterfly” building due to the shape of the cantilevered roof, remains on the site in a new location 100 feet east of the original location, with the original diagonal orientation to the street preserved. The building’s new address is 212 Laporte Avenue. The original location of the building is marked permanently in the pavement in front of the new City administration building, and an interpretive brass sign detailing the history of the laboratory building and its relationship to the original site history and layout is installed at the site. Beginning in the fall of 2016, the City will complete an interior and exterior rehabilitation project and lease the “butterfly” building to a concessionaire. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION The building retains its original Googie Style architectural features. Prominent among these are its V-shaped (“upswept”) cantilevered roof, exposed beams, plate glass windows, rectangular stacked bond parapet, and the employment of concrete bricks. To top off its unusual style, the building was oriented on a diagonal rather in relation to standard north-south compass points. These features all distinguish this small building in relation to its surroundings. Because it has experienced few alterations, the building exhibits a high degree of integrity in relation to its historic architecture. It remains one of Fort Collins’ best examples of mid-twentieth century Googie Style architecture. This small building was originally located across the parking lot to the south of the site of the main factory building, which the City of Fort Collins razed in 2011. The building was moved approximately 100 feet to the east, which 3 Building permit No. 652 offers new insight on the date of construction. On the CityDocs website, there is a building permit (No. 652) that shows that on April 23, 1957, a new building was planned. The valuation of this building was $4,000. This could have been the laboratory building; however, there is not enough detail on the building permit to confirm that. The Fort Collins Sanborn Map, originally created in 1925, but updated in June of 1959 (and pasted on in December of 1961) shows the laboratory building. The Sanborn Map was again updated in 1961 and 1963. So although a precise date cannot be determined, the building was erected before 1964. 4 Kendra Smith-Howard, Pure and Modern Milk: An Environmental History since 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 21. 5 Digital image of “Dairy Gold” square quart milk bottle, 1957, at http://www.weltonsmilkbottles.com/viewitem.php?record_id=1139&pic_id=1618, accessed September 28, 2016. 6 Kevin Duggan, “Historic ‘Butterfly’ Building to Take Flights,” Coloradoan, June 22, 2015; Comment on blog post at http://www.lostfortcollins.net/2011/04/23/poudre-valley-creamery-building/ from former delivery route driver “captainbevo,” May 7, 2011, accessed September 28, 2016; Erin Udell, “Butterfly Building Set to Emerge from Cocoon,” Coloradoan, April 5, 2017. 7 Building Permit #B1101665, April 21, 2011. Agenda Item 5 Item # 5 Page 5 made room for the new administration and customer service building for Fort Collins Utilities.8 The City of Fort Collins moved the building to raise the building out of the floodplain and place it in a prominent location for the redevelopment of Block 32 as a municipal administration site. The square, one-story building was placed at the same diagonal angle from the street front as the original location and faces toward the south-southeast. It rests upon a concrete foundation and its exterior walls are constructed of oversized concrete bricks that are primarily laid in stretcher bond coursing. The southwest corner is laid in stacked bond coursing, forming a three- sided wall that rises above the roofline. The cantilevered roof is V-shaped and supported by three beams that run on a north-south axis. Its wide boxed eaves are finished with wood fascia boards, single bands of circular ventilation holes, and circa 1960s double spotlight fixtures. A historical photograph indicates that the building previously had a Dairy Gold sign attached to the columnar parapet on the building’s facade. The prominence, form, and bright coloring of the sign were characteristic of the whimsical Space Age elements found on Googie style buildings in the mid-twentieth century. The photograph, which was taken in the late 1950s, shows the building painted white with red contrasting trim. A later photograph indicates the building was repainted at some point in a different color scheme of aqua and yellow trim against the white building. Most recently, while the building was used as the bike library, the contrasting trim was painted blue, and that color scheme remains but is likely to change as the City of Fort Collins renovates the building for use as a concession facility.9 The basic original form of the sign will be reconstructed and attached to the parapet to serve as the signage for the concessionaire that will occupy the building. The main entry to the building is found on its south elevation. This holds a commercial door with three square lights. The entry includes a wood frame and a single-light angled transom that opens to the interior as a hopper window. In front of this entry is a small two-step concrete stoop. On the north rear elevation the building entry originally included a slab door positioned directly under the intersection of the upswept roof elements. To make the rear door more useful as a service entrance, the City of Fort Collins enlarged the opening by approximately one- foot, moved it several feet to the east, and installed a new door with a single light window. Fenestration on the building is dominated by a tall band of five fixed windows that wrap around its southeast corner. The south elevation windows consist of two lights. On the east elevation they are single lights. A similar tall single-light window is found on the west elevation. These are all set into wood frames and have concrete sills. Also found on the west elevation is a small two-light sliding window. This is set in a wood frame and has a brick rowlock sill. On the north elevation, the only window is a small single-light window with a wood frame. The structure was designed to hold a creamery laboratory in the late 1950s. The interior of the building was separated into a main area, an office, and a restroom. The floors were finished with ceramic tiles, the walls exhibit the concrete brickwork, and the ceiling and interior walls were finished with plaster or drywall. The lower wood beam of the V-shaped roof is exposed and supported by a metal pipe post. A wood panel door with a single light was found on the office with the word “Office” painted on the door. In 2016, the City of Fort Collins altered the interior configuration and finishing materials to prepare the building for new tenant occupancy. The new layout has a restroom in the front as well as dining space. The kitchen and storage remain at the rear of the building. The exterior brick has been painted light gray. STAFF EVALUATION Staff finds that the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory qualifies for Fort Collins Landmark designation under Designation Standards A and C as a great example of a Googie-style building related to the dairy industry with a preponderance of exterior integrity. The dwelling’s location and setting have both changed; however, there is a plaque in the original location explaining the history of the site. The structure continues to uphold a preponderance of integrity: materials, association, design, feeling, and workmanship. SAMPLE MOTIONS 8 Kevin Duggan, “Historic ‘Butterfly’ Building to Take Flights,” Coloradoan, June 22, 2015. 9 See attached photos in the attached designation form. Agenda Item 5 Item # 5 Page 6 If the Commission finds that the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory meets one or more of the criteria for Fort Collins landmark designation, the Commission shall adopt the following motion: That the Landmark Preservation Commission pass a resolution recommending that City Council designate the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory as a Fort Collins Landmark in accordance with Municipal Code Chapter 14, based on the property’s significance under Standards A and C for its history relating to the dairy industry, Googie-style architecture, and preponderance of exterior integrity. If the Commission finds that the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory does not meet the criteria for landmark designation, it shall adopt a motion to this effect, and state its reasoning. ATTACHMENTS % #! % % "! % %%%%% $% -1- ORDINANCE NO. 078, 2017 OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS DESIGNATING THE DAIRY GOLD CREAMERY LABORATORY LOCATED AT 212 LAPORTE AVENUE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO, AS A FORT COLLINS LANDMARK PURSUANT TO CHAPTER 14 OF THE CODE OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 14-2 of the City Code, the City Council has established a public policy encouraging the protection, enhancement and perpetuation of historic landmarks within the City; and WHEREAS, by Resolution dated April 19, 2017, the Landmark Preservation Commission (the “Commission”) has determined that the Dairy Gold Creamery Laboratory located at 212 Laporte Avenue in Fort Collins as more specifically described in the legal description attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Property”) is eligible for landmark designation for its high degree of exterior integrity, and for its significance to Fort Collins under Landmark Standard A (Events) and Standard C (Design/Construction) as contained in Section 14-5 of the City Code; and WHEREAS, the Commission has further determined that the Property meets the criteria of a landmark as set forth in City Code Section 14-5 and is eligible for designation as a landmark, and has recommended to the City Council that the Property be designated by the City Council as a landmark; and WHEREAS, the owner of the Property has consented to such landmark designation; and WHEREAS, such landmark designation will preserve the Property’s significance to the community and its exterior integrity; and WHEREAS, the City Council has reviewed the recommendation of the Commission and desires to follow such recommendation and designate the Property as a landmark; and WHEREAS, designation of the Property as a landmark is necessary for the prosperity, civic pride, and welfare of the public. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS as follows: Section 1. That the City Council hereby makes and adopts the determinations and findings contained in the recitals set forth above. Section 2. That the Property located in the City of Fort Collins, Larimer County, Colorado, described in the legal description attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference, be designated as a Fort Collins Landmark in accordance with Chapter 14 of the City Code. -2- Section 3. That alterations, additions and other changes to the buildings and structures located upon the Property will be reviewed for compliance with City Code Chapter 14, Article III, as currently enacted or hereafter amended. Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published this 6th day of June, A.D. 2017, and to be presented for final passage on the 5th day of July, A.D. 2017. __________________________________ Mayor ATTEST: _______________________________ City Clerk Passed and adopted on final reading on the 5th day of July, A.D. 2017. __________________________________ Mayor ATTEST: _______________________________ City Clerk %'B#@0=D0;9O;)O O-0BD;@0#O=@'B'@I D0;9O'9I'5;='O );@OO5 =;@D'O I'9G'O OEA $EO<*O6 :&O6<$ E(&O1:OE.(O:<AE.( CEO?H AE(AO<*OC($E1<:O OE<K:C.2>OO :<AE. 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