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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 10/13/2015 - UPDATE ON COMMUNITY POLICINGDATE: STAFF: October 13, 2015 Jerry Schiager, Police Deputy Chief John Hutto, Police Chief Jeremy Yonce, Police Lieutenant WORK SESSION ITEM City Council SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION Update on Community Policing. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this item is to provide City Council with a summary of current community policing programs and activities. Police Services would also like to receive direction from Council regarding a future Campus West substation. GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED 1. Are there any questions about the community policing activities of FCPS? 2. Would Council like to see an offer in the 2017-2018 budget for a community policing substation with the associated staffing for the Campus West area? BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION Fort Collins Police Services (FCPS) has demonstrated leadership in community policing for decades. It is an integral part of our organizational philosophy. Community Policing is defined by the U.S. Department of Justice as: “a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies that support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.” There are three key components of Community Policing: Organizational Transformation, Community Partnerships and Problem Solving. A department philosophy that supports and encourages all officers to engage with citizens and take ownership in solving community problems is essential to be successful. FCPS also utilizes several specialized units that are generally not subject to routine call response so they have time to focus on particular areas or segments of the community. Some of these specialized units are the School Resource Officers, the Neighborhood Enforcement Team, and the District One downtown teams. Community partnerships are essential to provide a connection to various groups of people within our city and opportunities to collaborate to solve common problems. Police Services enjoys very strong community partnerships including Poudre School District, Colorado State University, business associations and dozens of organizations and agencies in our city. Some of Police Services’ most visible partnership successes are in the town-gown relations with CSU. Police Services is contacted regularly by other college towns for information on these programs. We are very fortunate to have a university that is committed to improving the quality of life throughout the city. For several years there has been a discussion about adding a community policing substation in the Campus West area. This area is over-represented in nuisance issues such as noise and party complaints, disturbances and minor property crime. It is a densely populated area with a healthy mix of student-aged people and long term residents. A growing student population and increasing high-density housing will continue to drive the work load in this area. In addition, the relocation of the police building to the east side of the city also created a desire for October 13, 2015 Page 2 police presence on the west side of the city. A substation providing a dedicated community policing team and a location for community access would address some of these issues. Preliminary discussions with Neighborhood Services and Colorado State University have identified an interest in creating a facility with several different entities sharing space and information. Fort Collins Police Services has a rich history in community policing and is poised to grow with the city in the coming years. The ongoing challenges in the Campus West area, along with anticipated annexations and growth, will create the need for additional officers and new strategies. ATTACHMENTS 1. Community Policing Defined (PDF) 2. Powerpoint presentation (PDF) Community Policing Defined ATTACHMENT 1 The Primary Elements of Community Policing Nonprof its / Service Providers Using the Crime Triangle 1 Community Policing Defined Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies that support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. Community policing comprises three key components: Community Partnerships Collaborative partnerships between the law enforcement agency and the individuals and organizations they serve to develop solutions to problems and increase trust in police Organizational Transformation The alignment of organizational management, structure, personnel, and information systems to support community partnerships and proactive problem solving Problem Solving The process of engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of identified problems to develop and evaluate effective responses 2 Community Partnerships Collaborative partnerships between the law enforcement agency and the individuals and organizations they serve to develop solutions to problems and increase trust in police Community policing, recognizing that police rarely can solve public safety problems alone, encourages interactive partnerships with relevant stakeholders. The range of potential partners is large, and these partnerships can be used to accomplish the two interrelated goals of developing solutions to problems through collaborative problem solving and improving public trust. The public should play a role in prioritizing and addressing public safety problems. Other Government Agencies Law enforcement organizations can partner with a number of other government agencies to identify community concerns and offer alternative solutions. Examples of agencies include legislative bodies, prosecutors, probation and parole, public works departments, neighboring law enforcement agencies, health and human services, child support services, ordinance enforcement, and schools. 3 Community Policing Defined Community Members/Groups Individuals who live, work, or otherwise have an interest in the community— volunteers, activists, formal and informal community leaders, residents, visitors and tourists, and commuters—are a valuable resource for identifying community concerns. These factions of the community can be engaged in achieving specific goals at town hall meetings, neighborhood association meetings, decentralized offices/storefronts in the community, and team beat assignments. Nonprofits / Service Providers Advocacy and community-based organizations that provide services to the community and advocate on its behalf can be powerful partners. These groups often work with or are composed of individuals who share common interests and can include such entities as victims groups, service clubs, support groups, issue groups, advocacy groups, community development corporations, and the faith community. Private Businesses For-profit businesses also have a great stake in the health of the community and can be key partners because they often bring considerable resources to bear in addressing problems of mutual concern. Businesses can help identify problems and provide resources for responses, often including their own security technology and community outreach. The local chamber of commerce and visitor centers can also assist in disseminating information about police and business partnerships and initiatives, and crime prevention practices. Media The media represent a powerful mechanism by which to communicate with the community. They can assist with publicizing community concerns and available solutions, such as services from government or community agencies or new laws or codes that will be enforced. In addition, the media can have a significant impact on public perceptions of the police, crime problems, and fear of crime. 4 Organizational Transformation The alignment of organizational management, structure, personnel, and information systems to support community partnerships and proactive problem solving The community policing philosophy focuses on the way that departments are organized and managed and how the infrastructure can be changed to support the philosophical shift behind community policing. It encourages the application of modern management practices to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Community policing emphasizes changes in organizational structures to institutionalize its adoption and infuse it throughout the entire department, including the way it is managed and organized, its personnel, and its technology. 5 Community Policing Defined Agency Management Under the community policing model, police management infuses community policing ideals throughout the agency by making a number of critical changes in climate and culture, leadership, formal labor relations, decentralized decision making and accountability, strategic planning, policing and procedures, organizational evaluations, and increased transparency. Climate and culture Changing the climate and culture means supporting a proactive orientation that values systematic problem solving and partnerships. Formal organizational changes should support the informal networks and communication that take place within agencies to support this orientation. Leadership Leaders serve as role models for taking risks and building collaborative relationships to implement community policing, and they use their position to influence and educate others about it. Leaders, therefore, must constantly emphasize and reinforce community policing’s vision, values, and mission within their organization and support and articulate a commitment to community policing as the predominant way of doing business. Labor relations If community policing is going to be effective, police unions and similar forms of organized labor must be a part of the process and function as partners in the adoption of the community policing philosophy. Including labor groups in agency changes can ensure support for the changes that are imperative to community policing implementation. Decision making Community policing calls for decentralization in both command structure and decision making. Decentralized decision making allows frontline officers to take responsibility for their role in community policing. When an officer is able to create solutions to problems and take risks, he or she ultimately feels accountable for those solutions and assumes a greater responsibility for the well-being of the community. Decentralized decision making involves flattening the hierarchy of the agency, increasing tolerance for risk taking in 6 problem-solving efforts, and allowing officers discretion in handling calls. In addition, providing sufficient authority to coordinate various resources to attack a problem and allowing officers the autonomy to establish relationships with the community will help define problems and develop possible solutions. Strategic planning The department should have a written statement reflecting a department- wide commitment to community policing and a plan that matches operational needs to available resources and expertise. If a strategic plan is to have value, the members of the organization should be well-versed in it and be able to give examples of their efforts that support the plan. Components such as the organization’s mission and values statement should be simple and communicated widely. Policies Community policing affects the nature and development of department policies and procedures to ensure that community policing principles and practices have an effect on activities on the street. Problem solving and partnerships, therefore, should become institutionalized in policies, along with corresponding sets of procedures, where appropriate. Organizational evaluations In addition to the typical measures of police performance (arrests, response times, tickets issued, and crime rates), community policing calls for broadening police outcome measures to include such things as greater community satisfaction, less fear of crime, the alleviation of problems, and improvement in quality of life. Community policing calls for a more sophisticated approach to evaluation—one that looks at not only how outcomes are measured but also how feedback information is used. Transparency Community policing involves decision-making processes that are more open than traditional policing. If the community is to be a full partner, the department needs mechanisms for readily sharing relevant information on crime and social disorder problems and police operations with the community. 7 Community Policing Defined Organizational Structure It is important that the organizational structure of the agency ensure that local patrol officers have decision-making authority and are accountable for their actions. This can be achieved through long-term assignments, the development of officers who are generalists, and using special units appropriately. Geographic assignment of officers With community policing, there is a shift to the long-term assignment of officers to specific neighborhoods or areas. Geographic deployment plans can help enhance customer service and facilitate more contact between police and citizens, thus establishing a strong relationship and mutual accountability. Beat boundaries should correspond to neighborhood boundaries, and other government services should recognize these boundaries when coordinating government public-service activities. Despecialization To achieve community policing goals, officers have to be able to handle multiple responsibilities and take a team approach to collaborative problem solving and partnering with the community. Community policing encourages its adoption agency-wide, not just by special units, although there may be a need for some specialist units that are tasked with identifying and solving particularly complex problems or managing complex partnerships. Resources and finances Agencies have to devote the necessary human and financial resources to support community policing to ensure that problem-solving efforts are robust and that partnerships are sustained and effective. Personnel The principles of community policing need to be infused throughout the entire personnel system of an agency, including recruitment, hiring, selection, and retention of all law enforcement agency staff, from sworn officers to civilians and volunteers. Personnel evaluations, supervision, and training must also be aligned with the agencies’ community policing views. 8 Recruitment, hiring, and selection Agencies need a systematic means of incorporating community policing elements into their recruitment, selection, and hiring processes. Job descriptions should recognize community policing and problem-solving responsibilities and encourage the recruitment of officers who have a “spirit of service” instead of only a “spirit of adventure.” A community policing agency also has to thoughtfully examine where it is seeking recruits, whom it is recruiting and hiring, and what is being tested. Agencies are also encouraged to seek community involvement in this process through the identification of competencies and participation in review boards. Personnel supervision/evaluations Supervisors must tie performance evaluations to community policing principles and activities that are incorporated into job descriptions. Performance, reward, and promotional procedures should support sound problem-solving activities, proactive policing, community collaboration, and citizen satisfaction with police services. Training Training at all levels—academy, field, and in-service—must support community policing principles and tactics. It also needs to encourage creative thinking, a proactive orientation, communication and analytical skills, and techniques for dealing with quality-of-life concerns and maintaining order. Officers can be trained to identify and correct conditions that could lead to crime, raise public awareness, and engage the community in finding solutions to problems. Field training officers and supervisors need to learn how to encourage problem solving and help officers learn from other problem-solving initiatives. Until community policing is institutionalized in the organization, training in its fundamental principles will need to take place regularly. Information Systems (Technology) Community policing is information-intensive, and technology plays a central role in helping to provide ready access to quality information. Accurate and timely information makes problem-solving efforts more effective and ensures that officers are informed about the crime and community conditions of 9 Community Policing Defined their beat. In addition, technological enhancements can greatly assist with improving two-way communication with citizens and in developing agency accountability systems and performance outcome measures. Communication / access to data Technology provides agencies with an important forum by which to communicate externally with the public and internally with their own staff. To communicate with the public, community policing encourages agencies to develop two-way communication systems through the Internet that allow for online reports, reverse 911 and e-mail alerts, discussion forums, and feedback on interactive applications (e.g., surveys or maps), thereby creating ongoing dialogues and increasing transparency. Technology encourages effective internal communication through memoranda, reports, newsletters, e-mail and enhanced incident reporting, dispatch functions, and communications interoperability with other entities for more efficient operations. Community policing also encourages the use of technology to develop accountability and performance measurement systems that are timely and contain accurate metrics and a broad array of measures and information. Community policing encourages the use of technology to provide officers with ready access to timely information on crime and community characteristics within their beats, either through laptop computers in their patrol cars or through personal data devices. In addition, technology can support crime/ problem analysis functions by enabling agencies to gather more detailed information about offenders, victims, crime locations, and quality-of-life concerns and to further enhance analysis. Quality and accuracy of data Information is only as good as its source; therefore, it is not useful if it is of questionable quality and accuracy. Community policing encourages agencies to put safeguards in place to ensure that information from various sources is collected in a systematic fashion and entered into central systems that are linked to one another and checked for accuracy so that it can be used effectively for strategic planning, problem solving, and performance measurement. Problem Solving The process of engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of identified problems to develop and evaluate effective responses Community policing emphasizes proactive problem solving in a systematic and routine fashion. Rather than responding to crime only after it occurs, community policing encourages agencies to proactively develop solutions to the immediate underlying conditions contributing to public safety problems. Problem solving must be infused into all police operations and guide decision- making efforts. Agencies are encouraged to think innovatively about their responses and view making arrests as only one of a wide array of potential responses. A major conceptual vehicle for helping officers to think about problem solving in a structured and disciplined way is the SARA (scanning, analysis, response, and assessment) problem-solving model. 10 11 Community Policing Defined Scanning: Identifying and prioritizing problems The objectives of scanning are to identify a basic problem, determine the nature of that problem, determine the scope of seriousness of the problem, and establish baseline measures. An inclusive list of stakeholders for the selected problem is typically identified in this phase. A problem can be thought of as two or more incidents similar in one or more ways and that is of concern to the police and the community. Problems can be a type of behavior, a place, a person or persons, a special event or time, or a combination of any of these. The police, with input from the community, should identify and prioritize concerns. Analysis: Researching what is known about the problem Analysis is the heart of the problem-solving process. The objectives of analysis are to develop an understanding of the dynamics of the problem, develop an understanding of the limits of current responses, establish correlation, and develop an understanding of cause and effect. As part of the analysis phase, it is important to find out as much as possible about each aspect of the crime triangle by asking who, what, when, where, how, why, and why not about the victim, offender, and crime location. Response: Developing solutions to bring about lasting reductions in the number and extent of problems The response phase of the SARA model involves developing and implementing strategies to address an identified problem by searching for strategic responses that are both broad and uninhibited. The response should follow logically from the knowledge learned during the analysis and should be tailored to the specific problem. The goals of the response can range from either totally eliminating the problem, substantially reducing the problem, reducing the amount of harm caused by the problem, or improving the quality of community cohesion. Assessment: Evaluating the success of the responses Assessment attempts to determine if the response strategies were successful by understanding if the problem declined and if the response contributed to the decline. This information not only assists the current effort but also gathers data that build knowledge for the future. Strategies and programs can 12 be assessed for process, outcomes, or both. If the responses implemented are not effective, the information gathered during analysis should be reviewed. New information may have to be collected before new solutions can be developed and tested. The entire process should be viewed as circular rather than linear, meaning that additional scanning, analysis, or responses may be required. Using the Crime Triangle to Focus on Immediate Conditions (Victim/Offender/Location) To understand a problem, many problem solvers have found it useful to visualize links among the victim, offender, and location (the crime triangle) and those factors that could have an impact on them: for example, capable guardians for victims (e.g., security guards, teachers, and neighbors), handlers for offenders (e.g., parents, friends, and probation officers), and managers for locations (e.g., business merchants, park employees, and motel clerks). Rather than focusing primarily on addressing the root causes of a problem, the police focus on the factors that are within their reach, such as limiting criminal opportunities and access to victims, increasing guardianship, and associating risk with unwanted behavior. John E. Eck, “Police Problems: The Complexity of Problem Theory, Research and Evaluation,” in Problem-Oriented Policing: From Innovation to Mainstream, ed. Johannes Knutsson, vol. 15 of Crime Prevention Studies (Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, 2003), 79–114. About the COPS Office The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) is the component of the U.S. Department of Justice responsible for advancing the practice of community policing by the nation’s state, local, territory, and tribal law enforcement agencies through information and grant resources. Rather than simply responding to crimes once they have been committed, community policing concentrates on preventing crime and eliminating the atmosphere of fear it creates. Earning the trust of the community and making those individuals stakeholders in their own safety enables law enforcement to better understand and address both the needs of the community and the factors that contribute to crime. COPS Office resources, covering a wide breadth of community policing topics—from school and campus safety to gang violence—are available, at no cost, through its online Resource Center at www.cops.usdoj.gov. This easy-to-navigate website is also the grant application portal, providing access to online application forms. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 145 N Street NE Washington, DC 20530 To obtain details on COPS Office programs, call the COPS Office Response Center at 800-421-6770. Visit the COPS Office online at www.cops.usdoj.gov. ISBN: 978-1-935676-06-5 e051229476 First published 2012 Revised 2014 1 Community Policing in Fort Collins Chief John Hutto and Lieutenant Jeremy Yonce 10-13-15 ATTACHMENT 2 Community Policing Community Policing in Fort Collins City Council Work Session October 13, 2015 Police Chief John Hutto Lieutenant Jeremy Yonce 2 Community Policing Community Policing Defined Community Policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies that support the strategic use of partnerships and problem- solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. COPS Community Oriented Policing Services U.S. Department of Justice 3 COPS Community Oriented Policing Services U.S. Department of Justice Community Policing Examples of community policing: § Department Philosophy § Specialized Units Neighborhood Enforcement Team District One School Resource Officers Bicycle Team 5 Community Policing Department Philosophy Partnerships with DDA, DBA, CSU, other organizations Engagement and communication with neighborhoods Citizen police academy, youth police academy, explorers/volunteers Community Involvement Special Olympics (Polar Plunge, Tip a Cop) Veterans’ Events (Honor Flight, Memorial Day service) Santa Cops, Shop with a Cop 6 Community Policing Department Philosophy Partnership with Colorado State University Community Welcome Party Partners Party Registration CSU/Police Collaboration Working Group Colorado State University Police Department Safe Ride Home 7 Community Policing Department Philosophy • Reactive vs Proactive Policing - Ensuring an appropriate amount of proactive (vs. call-driven) policing time • Problem solving efforts to address the root causes of police incidents - Using data and technology to determine areas of concern 8 Community Policing Neighborhood Enforcement Team Impacting Crime and Improving the Quality of Life for Citizens “NET exists to be a liaison between citizens and Police Services, assisting in crime related nuisance abatement and quality of life issues making your neighborhood a safer, more enjoyable place to live and work.” 9 Community Policing Neighborhood Enforcement Team KFCG funded unit (1 Sergeant and 7 officers) Bicycle Thefts Bike Registration Targeted investigations on large-scale bicycle theft operations Window Peepers Call reduction in multi-family housing 10 Community Policing Apartment Complex Project Example Problem Identification: • Complaints from surrounding neighbors regarding criminal activity • Increasing patrol response to calls for service • Bed bug, cockroach and mold infestations • (Child Abuse charges filed) • Trash, abandoned/disabled vehicles, structural depreciation 11 Community Policing Apartment Complex Project Example COP/POP Approach: • Increased foot patrols • Police officers getting to know tenants • Partnerships with FCHA, Code Compliance, Building Inspector, Larimer County Health Department, Colorado Legal • Partnership with Management and Owner to enforce Crime Free Leasing – Problem tenants evicted • Routine inspection of units for extermination and mold 12 Before After Community Policing Community Policing Apartment Complex Project Example Results: • 64% reduction in calls for service • Improved aesthetics of the property • Personal investment by owner, management and tenants • Free of bed bugs, cockroaches and mold 14 0 50 100 150 200 250 2012 - 2013 2013 - 2014 2014 - 2015 198 211 76 Calls For Service Community Policing Apartment Complex Project Example Results: • Neighborhood events • National Night Out • Summer BBQ • Police Friendly 15 Community Policing NET Crime Prevention Specialist 16 • Neighborhood Watch • Neighborhood Night Out • CPTED • SafeKids Coalition • RESTORE • Colorado Crime Prevention Association • Crime Stoppers • Colorado Organized Retail Crime Assoc. • Neighborhood Task Force • Drug Take Back events • City of Fort Collins VORTEX Team • Personal Safety Training • Pedestrian Safety Training • Difficult People Training • Robbery Prevention Training • Scams and Fraud Training • Safety Fairs • Crime Prevention Training • Alarm tracking • Safety Assessments and Surveys Community Policing Neighborhood Enforcement Team Campus West KFCG officers for Campus West Added two officers to NET to specifically address this area Two officers to the weekend night shift Reduced size of the patrol district to enable more focus (D3) 17 Community Policing 18 Noise & Party Call Hot Spots Community Policing 19 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2013 - 2014 2014 - 2015 969 913 226 256 Campus West Area CALLS FOR SERVICE - NOISE/PARTY COMPLAINTS NOISE AND NUISANCE CITATIONS Noise = 158 Nuisance = 98 Noise = 219 Nuisance = 7 Community Policing 20 Offense Hot Spots Burglary Robbery Theft Vehicle Trespass Property Trespass Vehicle Theft Criminal Mischief Community Policing Neighborhood Enforcement Team Avery Park Resident Comments “FCPD utilized a different form of police enforcement and visibility to combat disorderly conduct, noise, nuisance and alcohol violations over the past few months.” “I have been extremely pleased at the response to calls and the proactive approach you have taken on the weekends to address so many of our issues. I think it is paying off and will continue to build a better environment for both home owners and renters to live in.” 21 Community Policing District One Downtown Area Redefined district Substation offering public access Night time D1 Team (Sergeant and 7 officers) “Downtown After Dark” Relationships with establishments Safe Ride 22 Community Policing 23 1 Traffic Stop * 2 Disturbance 3 Welfare Check 4 Assist 5 Subject Stop * 6 Suspicious Activity 7 Trespass 8 Municipal Violation * 9 Transient Complaint 10 Assist Other Agency Top 10 Activity Types 18:00 – 06:00 * Officer Initiated Activity 46% 54% Welfare Check Officer Initiated Call For Service 47% 53% Disturbance Officer Initiated Call For Service 38% 62% Assist Officer Initiated Call For Service Community Policing District One Daytime D1 • Creation of new unit through KFCG and General Fund • Sergeant, 2 daytime officers, 1 liquor officer, 1 marijuana officer • Focusing on daytime issues and support for businesses • 4 business owner/operator workshops (70 people attended) • Partnerships with service providers: Street Outreach concept 24 Community Policing 25 0 50 100 150 200 250 TRANSIENT COMPLAINT WELFARE CHECK TRESPASS DISTURBANCE D1 Area Incidents 06:00 – 18:00 2012 - 2013 2013 - 2014 2014 - 2015 Community Policing School Resource Officers • Team of 11 Officers and a Sergeant Serving: • 38 Poudre School District schools • 27,510 students • 3,500 staff members • 50/50 funding with PSD • Handle an average of 620 calls for service per school year • Theft, assault, weapons, drugs, sexual assault, criminal mischief, trespass, disorder crimes, harassment, suicide threats, mental holds, warrant arrests, child abuse, welfare checks, bomb threats, missing persons, exploitation. 26 Community Policing School Resource Officers • Goals of the SRO Program: • Provide a safe learning environment and help reduce school violence • Improve school and law enforcement collaboration • Improve perceptions and relations between students, staff and law enforcement officials Note: In 80% of school attacks, a peer, friend, school mate, or sibling had information about the attack before it took place. 27 Community Policing • Partnerships: • Poudre School District • District Attorney’s Office • Restorative Justice • Probation • Parole • SB-94 Staff 28 • Department of Human Services • Center for Family Outreach • Juvenile Magistrate • Mental Health Experts • HUB School Resource Officers Community Policing Bicycle Unit • Officers who receive additional training and bicycle certification • Collateral duty • Targeted deployment • Special events NET and District One officers are bike certified 29 Community Policing Future Direction of Community Policing Geographic decentralization Precincts, Substations, and Workstations Campus West Substation-Envision a Partnership with Code Enforcement, Occupancy enforcement, CSU services Workstation at the mall Northeast part of town…. 30 Community Policing Are there any questions about the community policing activities of FCPS? Would Council like to see an offer in the 2017-2018 budget for a community policing substation with the associated staffing for the Campus West area? 31 Community Policing Questions and comments 32