HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 01/28/2014 - 2013 FLOOD AFTER ACTION REPORTDATE:
STAFF:
January 28, 2014
Ken Sampley, Stormwater/Floodplain Program Mgr
Jon Haukaas, Water Engr Field Operations Mgr
Kevin Gertig, Water Resources/Treatment Operations
Manager
Mike Gavin, PFA Battalion Chief
WORK SESSION ITEM
City Council
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
2013 Flood After Action Report.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is to provide an early retrospective on the 2013 Fort Collins Flood while identifying
programs and activities that worked well, areas needing improvement, and suggested improvement actions. The
event demonstrated that flooding can and will occur along the Poudre River or in our other drainage basins such
as Spring Creek, Old Town and Dry Creek if significant rainfall events occur. There were many reasons why the
damages were not more severe along the Poudre River. Had this type of rainstorm occurred within the City limits
instead of to the west, there would have been significant flooding damages and increased risk to life safety. The
September 2013 flood in Fort Collins was caused by a convective rain storm over Fort Collins and the Poudre
River watershed that delivered in certain locations up to nearly 12 inches of rain from September 9 through
September 16, 2013. The High Park Fire burn area west of Fort Collins received the highest precipitation in the
lower Poudre watershed, which contributed substantial amounts of debris and sediment to the Poudre River
channel. Much of this debris washed into Fort Collins. This report has been categorized as follows:
• Flood Event Overview;
• Context of the Flood;
• What Went Well;
• Areas Needing Improvement;
• Suggested Improvement Actions; and,
• Support Needed.
The formal “After Action Review” will be developed and presented to the State of Colorado Office of Emergency
Management and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. It will be used as a tool to assist the City of Fort
Collins in Emergency/Disaster Management and assist in the acquisition of state and federal mitigation funding.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. Does Council have specific questions regarding Fort Collins floodplain management program or the 2013
Flood Response and Recovery?
2. Does Council concur with the proposed list of suggested improvement actions?
BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION
FLOOD EVENT OVERVIEW
This was the largest flood event on the Poudre River through Fort Collins since 1930. It was very unusual for
September. The storm runoff was caused by an unusual combination of gulf-sourced moisture and an upper level
low from the southwest. The rain cells were of unusually long duration. The greatest intensity was above the
foothills and west into the lower mountains east of the Continental Divide. Parts of the High Park Fire Burn area
January 28, 2014 Page 2
in the Poudre River Watershed received almost 12 inches of rain in a 7-day period. This equates to between a
200- and 500-year event.
For several counties in Colorado, the event resulted in both Presidential and State of Colorado Disaster
Declarations. The storm event triggered the activation of the City’s Emergency Operations Center at the Utility
Service Center (USC) Training Room on Thursday afternoon, September 12, 2013. Fort Collins’ City Manager
issued an Emergency Declaration on Friday morning, September 13, 2013. Staff from Stormwater, Poudre Fire
Authority (PFA), Stormwater Maintenance, Police, Public Information Office, Utilities Customer Connections,
Senior Staff, and many others provided 24/7 monitoring and operations over the next several days. The
Recovery Phase of the event kicked off on September 16, 2014. The City has requested funding from the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to help with the flood response and recovery costs.
The highest stream gage reading on the Poudre River at the canyon mouth was approximately 10,400 cubic feet
per second (cfs). The flood waters almost overtopped College Avenue near its intersection with Vine Drive. The
discharge indicates the event was approximately a 50-year flood (2% chance storm). That means there is a 2%
chance of a storm of that size happening any given year. For reference purposes, the 100-year discharge (1%
storm) on the Poudre River is 13,300 cfs.
CONTEXT OF THE FLOOD
Over the last several years, the Fort Collins area as well as much of Colorado has been in a “Drought.” Early in
2013, Fort Collins implemented a watering restriction policy based on the reduced mountain snowpack available
and potential limited water supply. While Fort Collins did receive a substantial amount of precipitation in the form
of snows in March and April of 2013, followed by summer rainfall, the drought designation sometimes results in
increased public complacency about flooding. It must be stressed, however, that even during periods of drought,
the potential for flooding remains.
Staff realized the challenges that could occur from a flooding and erosion standpoint after last year’s devastating
High Park Fire. The fire burned large areas of the upstream Poudre River watershed. As a result, there is the
potential for dramatically increased storm runoff along with substantial increases in sediment and debris transport
in the Poudre River. Accordingly, staff prepared and implemented a May 2013 Table Top exercise focused on a
large storm event in the Poudre Canyon. Staff from Stormwater, PFA, Police, Streets, Natural Areas, the
Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) and others gathered together to improve coordination and
prepare for the exact situation that ended up occurring.
Over the last several years, the City considered potential revisions to the Poudre River Floodplain Regulations.
On July 1, 2013, City Council adopted Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan (ERPP) requirements for
new development, redevelopment, additions, change of occupancy of structures in the Poudre River 100-Year
floodplain. On November 19, 2013, City Council adopted new floodplain regulation requirements from the
Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB).
WHAT WENT WELL
Flood Attenuation in Halligan and Seaman Reservoirs
The Halligan and Seaman Reservoirs are situated on-line in the North Fork of the Poudre River and provided
detention of storm runoff that reduced the peak flow in the Poudre River during this event. Halligan Reservoir had
833 acre feet of water (capacity 6,400 acre feet) at storm onset while Seaman Reservoir (located downstream of
Halligan Reservoir) was at approximately seventy-five percent (75%) capacity of 5,000 acre feet. The City was
fortunate in that both reservoirs stored appreciable peak runoff generated from heavy rainfall in this area before
reaching full pool and spilling. If these reservoirs had been fuller, storm runoff peak flows on the Poudre River
would have been higher and flooding in Fort Collins would have been greater.
Seaman Reservoir began discharging over its spillway at midnight September 12, 2013 and peaked at 4:45 AM
on September 13, 2013. As a result, downstream flow in the North Fork of the Poudre River climbed from 780 cfs
to over 7,500 cfs during that time period. By the time Halligan reached its peak discharge of 1,000 cfs midnight
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on Sunday, September 15, 2013, the North Fork of the Poudre River below Seaman had dropped to 2160 cfs.
This situation is not something that Fort Collins can count on to reduce potential flood flows from the Poudre River
Watershed in the future. A map showing the general location of the reservoirs and key hydrologic information is
provided on Slide 15 in the accompanying PowerPoint presentation.
Floodplain Management
The City of Fort Collins has a comprehensive floodplain management program. It ranks as one of the top
programs nationwide under FEMA’s Community Rating System, resulting in flood insurance discounts of up to
30%. Many tools are used in floodplain management including regulations, capital projects, acquisition programs,
open space preservation, flood warning systems and drainage system maintenance. A more detailed description
of these components and examples of their application to the 2013 Flood are included as Attachment 1.
Floodplain Regulations
For the 2013 Poudre River Flood, the minimal damages to structures and the reduced emergency response for
life-safety issues were, in part, the result of strong floodplain regulations in the Poudre River Basin. Specific uses
are regulated in the floodplain. For example, since 2000, no new residential structures or additions have been
allowed in the 100-year floodplain. Furthermore, since 1995, life-safety, emergency response and hazardous
material critical faculties have been prohibited in the 100-year floodplain. Life-safety and emergency response
critical facilities are also prohibited in the 500-year floodplain. Prohibiting these critical uses in the floodplain
reduces the burden on and risk to emergency responders during a flood.
Another important floodplain regulation that helped to minimize damage is the requirement to elevate new
structures and additions two feet above the 100-year floodplain. Structures that were elevated and protected from
flood damage include the In-Situ building on Lincoln Ave. and the Neenan building and Orthopedic Center of the
Rockies building in the Seven Lakes Business Park along Prospect Road (Photos 1 and 2 in Attachment 1). The
debris line on the west side of the Orthopedic Center of the Rockies structure shows there was approximately 6
inches of freeboard left before flood waters would have entered the building.
A floodplain regulation that is unique to the Poudre River is the requirement that no floatable materials are
allowed in the 100-year floodplain. This regulation is triggered when an addition, substantial improvement or new
structure is built on the property. Historically, there were several properties along Lincoln Avenue that stored
large quantities of floatable materials including metal drums, plastic shipping containers, storage tanks, pallets,
construction supplies, vehicles, etc. However, during the last 10 years these properties have come into
compliance with the floatable materials requirement and have greatly reduced the amount of materials that were
at risk of floating off-site and damaging other properties or public infrastructure downstream. Photos 3 and 4 in
Attachment 1 show the “before clean-up” conditions at the Team Petroleum site along Lincoln Ave. As part of the
clean-up, all storage tanks were anchored to prevent floatation and all pallets, shipping containers and drums
were either removed or secured inside a building. City field crews reported both during and after the flood that
very little of this type of floatable materials were moved downstream. This should be considered a true success
and we greatly thank those businesses for their continued commitment to complying with the floatable materials
regulation.
Floodplain Regulation Review Processes
The Poudre River floodplain regulations have been reviewed and revised several times since the 1997 flood. The
first was in 2000 when the regulations became more restrictive. In 2007, the regulations were reviewed in
coordination with Larimer County and some of the City regulations became less restrictive to match the County,
while the County strengthened some of their regulations to better match the City. In 2013 after several years of
review and public input, Council adopted a new regulation for the Poudre River that requires new structures,
additions, substantial improvements, etc. within the 100-Year Floodplain prepare and submit an Emergency
Response and Preparedness Plan (ERPP). In addition, on November 19, 2013, City Council adopted the
statewide Colorado Water Conservation Board regulations.
January 28, 2014 Page 4
Property Acquisitions
The City’s Natural Areas Program has proactively purchased property along the Poudre River Corridor, most of
which is in the floodplain. In addition, the City’s Parks Department owns and maintains several parks that are in
or near the City’s designated floodplain. Table 1 below compares the floodplain acreage in the City limits to the
amount of open space preserved by the City of Fort Collins. Preserving this land as open space not only
minimizes damages during a flood, but it also enhances the natural and beneficial functions of the floodplain
including allowing floodwaters to spread out and slow down and providing beneficial habitat.
Table 1. Amount of Open Space preserved in the Poudre River 100-year floodplain.
Acreage of
Parks in 100-
year Floodplain
Acreage of
Natural Areas
in 100-year
Floodplain
Total Acreage of
Open Space
Preserved
100-year
Floodplain
Acreage Inside
City Limits
This shows that
66% of the 100-
year floodplain is
preserved as Open
54.8 923.9 978.7 1484.6 Space
In addition to preserving large tracts of open space, the City’s Stormwater Department, in coordination with the
Natural Areas Department, has purchased several properties in the College Avenue and Vine Drive area as part
of the “Willing Seller –Willing Buyer” program that was implemented by Council in 2000. The Willing Seller-Willing
Buyer program is specifically for residential structures in the floodplain or floodway and commercial structures in
the floodway. There have been two commercial structures on the west side of College removed and one
residential structure just north of College and Vine removed. At the time of the flood, a second residential
structure at 213 E. Vine Drive had been purchased and the building was being readied for demolition. That
structure had 8-10 inches of water in the basement from the flood and is expected to be removed in the near
future (Photos 6 and 7 of Attachment 1).
Flood Table Top Exercise
In May 2013, Fort Collins organized and conducted - in conjunction with Larimer County and the State of
Colorado Office of Emergency Management - a table top exercise focused on debris management resulting from
spring flooding on the Poudre River. The scenario included debris flow moving down the river and creating
blockages at bridges and snag points as well as damages to roads and highways. Staff was asked to focus on
communications, mutual aid agreements, resource management and Emergency Operations.
Approximately 50 staff participated in the exercise. This increased knowledge and provided some training
experience using the Incident Command System (ICS). As a result of the training, staff was better prepared when
the actual flood event occurred in September. The exercise did find that improvements were needed with training
and experience.
Flood Warning System
The City’s Flood Warning System (FWS) comprises a network of 75 gages that monitor rainfall and streamflow
across the City and a large part of Larimer County. Data from this network is viewed via software situated in the
City’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC), and is also copied to the National Weather Service for use by its
forecasters and hydrologists. The FWS also includes an emergency action plan (On Call Manual) containing
contact lists, maps of flood inundation risk, tables detailing infrastructure vulnerability, and gage alarm thresholds
for rain intensity and flow depths associated with emergency actions.
Stormwater on-call staff (office and field crew personnel) train and complete flood exercises annually, and have
been empowered by the Poudre Fire Authority (PFA) Office of Emergency management to handle City flood
emergencies. This includes emergency messaging to the public via the LETA-911 system, the Emergency Alert
System (EAS), and through traditional and social media outlets with the support of Fort Collins Utilities’ Customer
Connections and the City of Fort Collins’ Public Information Office (PIO) staff.
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All elements of the FWS were engaged during this event. The real-time data provided by the gage network was
critical for dynamic monitoring of areas at flood risk, for both public safety and infrastructure protection. The
rainfall and Poudre streamflow data was used to make informed decisions about emergency notifications to at-risk
populations along the Poudre River, street and bridge closures, and evacuations.
For the event, the vast majority of the 61 FWS alarms were generated by the Poudre River Mouth of the Canyon
and Lincoln Avenue streamflow gages and by the network of FWS rain gages located in the mountains and
foothills to the west of town. Recent enhancements made to the FWS network included new gages to assist in
monitoring rainfall and runoff on the Poudre River and smaller watersheds subject to increased runoff from the
High Park Fire burn area. Streamflow data from two newly-installed Larimer County gages enabled Utilities On-
call staff located in the City’s EOC to monitor discharge in Rist Creek and Mill Creek. The City’s new streamflow
gage placed on the Poudre River at the Town of Poudre Park enabled EOC staff to separate the relative
contributions of storm runoff and timing of flow peaks between the Poudre’s main stem and its North Fork
tributary. Other new City gages at Poudre Park, at Hewlett Gulch and at Gateway Park provided greater detail of
rain intensity and distribution along the Poudre River.
Emergency Operations
The City Utility’s EOC was opened on September 12, 2013 at 2:00 PM in the Training Room at the Utilities
Service Center (USC) located at 700 Wood Street in Fort Collins. The EOC was staffed and operated
continuously through 12:00 AM on September 13, 2013 and then had two more operational periods on September
14, 2013 from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM and again on September 15, 2013 from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM.
The Incident Command Structure (ICS) implemented during EOC operation was adjusted dynamically as
personnel availability and operational periods changed. It comprised staff from City Utilities, City Police and the
Poudre Fire Authority that provided support to Incident Command (IC) and provided personnel for all four General
Staff (Operations, Planning, Logistics and Finance) positions. Additional support came from City Planning staff
for evacuations (using Transfort), City GIS for mapping, cataloging and City website efforts, and City IT support
for ongoing equipment and communications assistance. Included in the EOC operation were Utilities staff for
Incident Safety and staff from the Public Information Office. Other departments and agencies participating in
EOC activities include City Streets, who managed bridge closures both in the City and in the County, and
Engineering, who advised regarding Bridge safety.
A detailed description of the Key Actions, Regional Considerations, and Incident Management and
Documentation is provided in Attachment 2.
Flood Management Projects
The 2001 Poudre River Master Drainageway Plan outlines several improvements along the River to prevent flood
damage and bank erosion, as well as promoting habitat improvements between Lincoln and Linden near Old
Town. The City has implemented select projects within this plan over the last 12 years. The Plan has also been
used in conjunction with the City’s floodplain regulations to regulate development along the Poudre in such a way
as to prevent property damage and loss of life. Critical areas identified in the plan were monitored closely by City
staff both during and after the flood.
Levees
The Oxbow Levee was constructed by the City of Fort Collins in 2004 to protect the Buckingham and
Andersonville neighborhoods from 100-year floods on the Poudre River. The levee is an earthen structure that
runs from Linden Street south to Lincoln Avenue. The structure was designed and built in accordance with all
FEMA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers design standards and has been certified by FEMA as protecting the
landside neighborhoods from the 100-year flood. The levee performed as designed during the September 2013
flood, preventing river flows from entering the neighborhoods to the east. The Timberline Road Levee was
constructed in 1999 to prevent the Poudre river from overtopping upstream of Timberline Road and flooding the
road and properties neat Prospect and Timberline. The levee functioned well during the event, although flows did
not reach the toe of the embankment.
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LPath Spill Project
This project is located along the east bank of the Poudre River between Timberline Road and Prospect Road and
consists of two hardened spill locations where the river overflows in to the Riverbend Ponds Natural Area. The
spills, which are made from concrete block mats, were constructed in 2006 as part of the Prospect Road widening
project. The project also included the construction of a second bridge under East Prospect Road to convey the
LPath flow southward back to the River within the Environmental Learning Center (ELC). Without these
constructed spills, the river had the potential to overtop the old gravel pit embankment, erode the banks, and be
captured and re-routed entirely into the lakes within the Riverbend Ponds Natural Area. The North LPath spill
overtopped during the flood and performed as designed. The South spill did not overtop, although the water
surface came within inches of starting to spill.
Poudre Bank Protection
The City has built several bank protection projects along the length of the river over the last twenty years. Many
of these projects are in areas that were identified as erosion problem areas in the Poudre River Master
Drainageway Plan. Some of the projects, such as the bank protection north of Wood Street protect critical
infrastructure (27-inch sanitary sewer line at that location). Post flood inspections have shown that all of these
bank protection projects withstood the forces of a 50-year flood event on the river. Other locations have been
protected to prevent flood flows from leaving the river banks and being stored in adjacent gravel pits.
Social Media – Public Communications
In 2013, social media was utilized for the first time to share public information on flooding and flood risks. This
started with the “10-5 Outreach” campaign in the spring and summer leading up to Flood Awareness Week in July.
Messages from the High Park Fire flash floods and general information on flooding in Fort Collins were offered on
a regular schedule. Immediate updates on weather and flood threats were broadcast as information was
available. Twitter and Facebook were the primary communication platforms, and both were supplemented with
YouTube videos.
During the 2013 flood event updates were provided regularly on Facebook and Twitter to the public. Broadcasts
continued throughout the operational periods of flood response. Facebook engagement during the flood event
was highly successful, indicating nearly 179,000 direct views and nearly 265,000 shared views during the 4-day
emergency operations period. The City directly engaged 68,470 people and added 1,875 new “likes” to its
Facebook feed. Twitter feeds during the flood reached 12-times the normal number of people during the
operational period through retweets, modified tweets and favorites. The City gained 1,503 new followers on
Twitter during the 4-day flood event, bringing the total number of followers to 8,392 people.
Content across social media was updated in real time, and corresponded to website updates posted during and
after the flood event. The ability to update information as it happened proved valuable to the public based on
feedback received by the Public Information Office staff.
Stormwater Utility Website
The City website dedicated to flood updates and ongoing information sharing is still active at
www.fcgov.com/utilities/safety-and-security/2013-flood/. This website is the City’s main platform for accurate
information including press releases, contacts for other agencies, how to find help, and interactive GIS maps.
Interactive GIS Map
The GIS map offered at http://goo.gl/Dhpa4S includes photographs acquired across the City that can be selected
interactively by users. Also available is a summary of precipitation information available at multiple locations in
and around Fort Collins.
January 28, 2014 Page 7
Debris Management
Debris management was a large component of the post-flood recovery effort. Widespread debris deposition
occurred within the flood inundation area throughout the City. Some of the most significant areas impacted by
flood debris included the Prospect Road/Riverbend Ponds Area, Udall Natural Area/stormwater detention basins,
McMurray Natural Area, and along the River corridor in the vicinity of the Mulberry Street and Lemay Avenue
Bridge crossings. City equipment dedicated to the debris removal effort included nine dump trucks accompanied
by various loading equipment. Debris monitors were stationed with equipment operators to collect documentation
of the debris removal effort including photographs, load tickets, and DARS reports. An average of 230 cubic yards
of mixed woody debris/vegetation, soil, and sediment was hauled per day. Overall 1,720 cubic yards of debris
was removed.
FEMA Category D (Water Control Facilities) will be used for the clean-up work on the Udall Natural Area and WQ
ponds while FEMA Category G (Parks, Recreational, and Other) will be used for the clean-up work on the Poudre
River (Prospect Road/Riverbend Ponds Area, Udall Natural Area/stormwater detention basins, McMurray Natural
Area, and along the River corridor in the vicinity of the Mulberry Street and Lemay Avenue Bridge crossings). The
total estimated costs and reimbursement breakdown for debris management is:
Estimated Total Costs $ 190,000
Estimated FEMA Reimbursement $ 142,500
CWCB Share $ 23,750
Fort Collins Share $ 23,750
Flood Recovery Projects and Damage Assessments
Post-flood damage assessments throughout the City and GMA began on September 17, 2013. Personnel
involved in the damage assessment included City Utilities staff, as well as a group of private consultants from local
engineering firms. Initial damaged areas were identified using video and photography from aerial flights during
and after flooding. The use of the Damage Assessment Reporting System (DARS) application was implemented
by City staff to perform damage assessments, tabulate data, and populate damage assessment forms. This
application was chosen not only to assist in the flood damage assessment and recovery effort but to serve as a
documentation and assessment tool for future infrastructure assessments in the City.
Below is a summary of observed damages along the Poudre River corridor through the City limits and Growth
Management Area (GMA):
Structures and buildings
Though some evidence of isolated minor flooding in and around structures was observed, no damage reports
were received from citizens for structures and buildings within the City limits.
Poudre River banks and channel
High flows along the Poudre River resulted in erosion and bank sloughing at numerous locations within the GMA.
Typical damage observed in the field included toe scour, and bank undercutting and sloughing which was
significant in some areas. Overall, a large amount of the damage was considered minor and will not require
repair.
Bridges and roadways
The City is responsible for five major bridge structures over the Poudre River. During the damage assessment
process, State bridge inspectors completed detailed inspections of the five bridges and determined that no major
structural damage had occurred as a result of the flood event. Minor repairs were recommended to five bridge
crossings (Prospect Road, Linden Street, Lincoln Avenue, Rawhide Flats over Wire Draw Tributary, and CR84
near Rawhide Flats Road) to protect from future scour. The most significant repair identified during the
January 28, 2014 Page 8
inspections was at the Timberline Road Bridge where damage to riprap protecting the north Bridge abutment
occurred. No major damage was reported to any of the City’s streets within flood impacted areas.
Flood Recovery Projects
A total of 18 Flood Recovery Projects have been identified and are listed below:
1. Riverbend Ponds NA Sewer Head cut
2. Poudre/Spring Creek Trail Bank Repair
3. Gibbens at Prospect Road Bank Repair
4. ELC Trail/Bank Repair
5. N. College/Lake Canal Pedestrian Bridge Repair
6. LPATH at Timberline Road North Spill Bank Repair
7. Kingfisher Point NA Bank Repair
8. Bank Repair at Railroad East of College
9. Lincoln Street Bank Repair
10. Arapahoe Bends NA Head cut Repair
11. Lincoln Bridge Revetment Repair
12. Prospect Road Bridge Sediment Removal
13. Trail Wall Repair West of Prospect
14. Timberline Road Bridge Revetment Repair
15. Poudre River Trail Slope Repair at Timberline Road
16. Right Bank Repair Upstream of Timberline Road
17. Lake Canal Siphon Headwall Repair
18. Gateway Park Footbridge Repair.
Stormwater staff has visited the sites with FEMA personnel and have received favorable indications based on the
damage and documentation from staff that the City will be eligible for FEMA reimbursement. The total estimated
costs and reimbursement breakdown for debris management are:
Estimated Total Costs $ 804,000
Estimated FEMA Reimbursement $ 421,000
FEMA will reimburse up to 75% of the costs to repair or replace infrastructure to match pre-flood conditions plus
some small mitigation contribution. The reason FEMA’s reimbursement shown above is less than 75% of the
costs is that additional work is needed in the damaged areas to protect areas to the 100-year flood event.
AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT
Training – ICS and EOC
Effective Incident Management requires that involved staff be knowledgeable and experienced on the ICS
Structure. Many of the staff who were involved in the 2013 flood were unfamiliar or at least inexperienced with
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) positions, roles and responsibilities. While Police and PFA staff use the
ICS structure frequently, other staff rarely is in this situation. Without appropriate training and frequent exercises
and reminders, staff is not as efficient and experienced when major incidents occur. With this lack of experience,
many staff members involved were unfamiliar with the required ICS forms and documentation requirements.
Finance and other administrative personnel were unfamiliar with their roles and how to implement prompt support
functions. There is not a formal guide for recovery process (forms, declarations, cost recovery). Personnel in
many departments were unfamiliar with recovery activities.
EOC Environment and Equipment
The primary Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is located in the PFA Training Center at 3400 West Vine Drive.
Depending on the nature of the emergency and its location, this EOC may not be accessible. For the 2013 Flood,
the EOC was established at the secondary site which is the Training Room of the Utility Services Center (USC)
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located at 700 Wood Street. There have been improvements and enhancements to the PFA Training Center to
better prepare for emergency operations. Improvements are needed to the secondary location at the Utility
Service Center. During the flood, accessibility by staff into the Utility Services Center EOC was at times an issue.
Frequently staff had to phone others in the EOC to come open the USC Front door. In addition, the Training
Room must be setup and arranged to function as an EOC each time there is an emergency event. There is no
permanent capability in the USC Training Room to print from desk or lap tops. The internet capability and
wireless service are limited. Participants were often unable to use cell phones or signals were very weak. The
room setup has a lack of hardline phone ports. The room is not set up with TV monitors to use for local news,
Incident Management, and weather monitoring.
Mutual Aid Agreement / Operations Documents
To increase effectiveness, Mutual Aid Agreements should be executed and in place before disasters or events
occur. The “Larimer County Flood of 2013” severely affected several neighboring communities including Larimer
County, Estes Park, Longmont and Loveland. These communities needed aid and assistance in the form of
resources and services to respond and recover from the impacts of the flood. During critical phases of an
emergency, it is important that neighboring communities work together to protect lives and property. City Council
was asked to authorize emergency mutual aid agreements with other governmental entities for short term aid and
assistance after the 2013 Flood occurred.
Debris Management Plan
The City’s Debris Management plan had not been updated to include amendments required by FEMA since the
Hurricane Sandy natural disaster in October 2012.
Expansion of Flood Warning System
Three gage locations providing data to City EOC staff failed during the event. The CDWR sensor on the North
Fork of the Poudre below Seaman Reservoir ceased reporting shortly after midnight September 12 through 3:00
PM September 13, 2013. The CDWR gage at the mouth of the canyon ceased reporting 10:15 PM September 12
until 6:15 PM September 13, 2013. However the City’s FWS streamflow gage co-located there operated
continuously during the event, providing critical discharge data.
The co-located USGS and City FWS streamflow sensors located upstream of the bridge at Lincoln Avenue were
damaged during the flood event and reported erroneous between 3:30 AM September 13 and mid-day September
14, when the USGS began transmitting flow data from a new sensor located approximately 300 feet downstream.
In these cases of equipment failure, gage data from upstream and downstream locations was evaluated to
determine flow conditions along the Poudre during the event. Looking forward, new potential gage locations have
been identified to enhance the data network.
Decision-Making Aids for Infrastructure
A dedicated effort is needed to improve and enhance the structure, content and availability of information on City
infrastructure. With the height of the floodwaters and the fact the incident occurred through the night, it was
difficult to evaluate the flooding impacts and safety considerations on both bridges and roadways. In some
instances visual observation of flooded roadways (i.e. Prospect Road near the Orthopedic Center of the Rockies)
were enough to confirm the decision to close access for vehicles and pedestrians. In other instances, there was
insufficient information to confirm the structural integrity and potential risk of failure for bridges. As a result, the
decision was made to close all bridges that cross the Poudre River within the City limits. This was the right
decision given the situation, but better information in the future could result in select and/or localized closures
based on enhanced decision-making aids.
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS
While Fort Collins has been proactive in preparing and planning for natural disasters and events, the 2013 Flood
brought attention to items that should be improved or enhanced to better position the community to address
January 28, 2014 Page 10
emergency situations. Suggested improvement actions have been identified and categorized into High and
Medium priorities. In addition, suggested responsible agencies have been identified to lead efforts to facilitate
improvements for future emergency activities.
The table below lists the High Priority suggested improvement actions:
TRAINING LEAD
Incident Command System (ICS)
Roles and Responsibilities (Response Phase) OEM / FCU
Roles and Responsibilities (Recovery Phase) OEM / FCU
Forms and Documentation EOC / City DEPTS
All Hazard Incident Management Teams PFA / OEM
Recovery Manuals and Training OEM / FCU / FINANCE
Mutual Aid Agreements and Training ATTY / OEM
FLOOD-RELATED LEAD
Flood Warning System Expansion SW
Annual Table Top Exercises SW / PFA
Flood Warning On-Call Manual Updates SW
Infrastructure Decision-Making Aids SW / ENGR / STREETS
(OEM=Office of Emergency Management; FCU=Fort Collins Utilities; EOC=Emergency Operations Center;
PFA=Poudre Fire Authority; Atty=City Attorney; SW=Stormwater; Engr=Engineering)
The table below lists the Medium Priority suggested improvement actions:
TECHNOLOGY LEAD
EOC Access
Credentialing OEM / CITY OPS
Access Cards PFA / CITY OPS
EOC Facilities and Equipment OEM / CITY / FCU
Cell phone signal boost IT
EOC Software (i.e. WebEOC) OEM / IT
Internet / Wireless services PFA / IT
TV Monitors, printers, phones PFA / FCU / IT
DEBRIS MANAGEMENT LEAD
Update Debris Management Plan FCU
(OEM=Office of Emergency Management; OPS=Operation Services; PFA=Poudre Fire Authority;
FCU=Fort Collins Utilities; IT=Information Technology)
SUPPORT NEEDED
The suggested improvement actions cannot move forward and will not be completed unless they are a priority
and value of Fort Collins. Key items that need the support of Council are:
Maintaining a comprehensive floodplain management program that includes strong floodplain regulations,
capital projects, land acquisition programs, open space preservation, flood warning systems and
stormwater system maintenance;
January 28, 2014 Page 11
Enhanced comprehensive training to include Incident Management (Response, Recovery and
Documentation) and Flood Warning Table Top Exercises;
Expansion of the Flood Warning System and creation of Infrastructure Decision-Making Aids to improve
emergency operations and protect life safety;
Finalization of Mutual Aid Agreements with neighboring communities; and,
Funding for EOC Facilities, equipment and IT needs to include access cards and credentialing, Cell
phone signal boosts, EOC software, improved Internet/Wireless services, TV monitors, printers,
telecommunications.
ATTACHMENTS
1. 2013 Flood -- Floodplain Management Summay (PDF)
2. 2013 Flood -- EOC Key Actions, Regional Considerations, Incident Management (PDF)
3. Powerpoint presentation (PDF)
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Floodplain Management
1 of 10
INTRODUCTION
The City of Fort Collins has a comprehensive floodplain management program. It ranks as one
of the top programs nationwide under FEMA’s Community Rating System, resulting in flood
insurance discounts of up to 30%. Many tools are used in floodplain management including
regulations, capital projects, acquisition programs, open space preservation, flood warning
systems and drainage system maintenance.
Floodplain Regulations
For the 2013 Poudre River Flood, the minimal damages to structures and the reduced
emergency response for life-safety issues were, in part, the result of strong floodplain
regulations in the Poudre River Basin. Specific uses are regulated in the floodplain. For
example, since 2000, no new residential structures or additions have been allowed in the 100-
year floodplain. Furthermore, since 1995, life-safety, emergency response and hazardous
material critical faculties have been prohibited in the 100-year floodplain. Life-safety and
emergency response critical facilities are also prohibited in the 500-year floodplain. Prohibiting
these critical uses in the floodplain reduces the burden on and risk to emergency responders
during a flood.
Another important floodplain regulation that helped to minimize damage is the requirement to
elevate new structures and additions two feet above the 100-year floodplain. Structures that
were elevated and protected from flood damage include the In-Situ building on Lincoln Ave. and
the Neenan building and Orthopedic Center of the Rockies building in the Seven Lakes
Business Park along Prospect Road (Photos 1 and 2).
Photo 1. Aerial view of the Seven Lakes
Business Park looking east on the morning of
Sept. 13, 2013 showing floodwater against
the Orthopedic Center of the Rockies building
(lower right) and the Neenan Building
(center). These building did not have
damage because they were elevated.
Photo 2. – Debris line on west side of Orthopedic
Center of the Rockies showing water level against
the building. There was approximately six inches of
freeboard left before water entered the building.
This is a good example of the benefits of elevating
structures to protect from flood damage.
ATTACHMENT 1
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Floodplain Management
2 of 6
A floodplain regulation that is unique to the Poudre River is the requirement that no floatable
materials are allowed in the 100-year floodplain. This regulation is triggered when an addition,
substantial improvement or new structure is built on the property. Historically, there were
several properties along Lincoln Avenue that stored large quantities of floatable materials
including metal drums, plastic shipping containers, storage tanks, pallets, construction supplies,
vehicles, etc. However, during the last 10 years these properties have come into compliance
with the floatable materials requirement and have greatly reduced the amount of materials that
were at risk of floating off-site and damaging other properties or public infrastructure
downstream. Photos 3 and 4 show the “before clean-up” conditions at the Team Petroleum site
along Lincoln Ave. As part of the clean-up, all storage tanks were anchored to prevent
floatation and all pallets, shipping containers and drums were either removed or secured inside
a building. City field crews reported both during and after the flood that very little of this type of
floatable materials were moved downstream. This should be considered a true success and we
greatly thank those businesses for their continued commitment to complying with the floatable
materials regulation
Photo 3 and 4. Team Petroleum site on E. Lincoln Avenue prior to clean-up of floatable
materials. As part of the clean-up, all storage tanks were anchored to prevent floatation and all
pallets, shipping containers and drums were either removed or secured inside a building.
Floodplain Regulation Review Processes
The Poudre River floodplain regulations have been reviewed and revised several times since
the 1997 flood. The first was in 2000 when the regulations became more restrictive. In 2007,
the regulations were reviewed in coordination with Larimer County and some of the City
regulations became less restrictive to match the County, while the County strengthened some of
their regulations to better match the city. There is not 100% agreement between the City and
County’s regulations. In 2013 after several years of review and public input, Council adopted a
new regulation for the Poudre River that requires new structures, additions, substantial
improvement, etc. within the 100-Year Floodplain prepare and submit an Emergency Response
and Preparedness Plan (ERPP). In addition, on November 19, 2013, City Council adopted the
statewide Colorado Water Conservation Board regulations.
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Floodplain Management
3 of 6
Property Acquisitions
The City’s Natural Areas Program has proactively purchased property along the Poudre River
Corridor, most of which is in the floodplain. In addition, The City’s Parks Department owns and
maintains several parks. Table 1 compares the floodplain acreage in the City limits to the
amount of open space preserved by the City of Fort Collins. Preserving this land as open space
not only minimizes damages during a flood, but it also enhances the natural and beneficial
functions of the floodplain including allowing floodwaters to spread out and slow down and
providing beneficial habitat (Photo 5).
Table 1. Amount of Open Space preserved in the Poudre River 100-year floodplain.
Acreage of
Parks in 100-
year
Floodplain
Acreage of
Natural Areas
in 100-year
Floodplain
Total Acreage
of Open Space
Preserved
100-year
Floodplain
Acreage Inside
City Limits
This shows that
66% of the 100-
year floodplain
is preserved as
54.8 923.9 978.7 1484.6 Open Space
Photo 5. Open Space preserved in McMurray Natural Area and Legacy Park. Floodwaters
were able to spread out and slow down and not cause any damages.
In addition to preserving large tracts of open space, the City’s Stormwater Department in
coordination with the Natural Areas Department has purchased several properties in the College
Avenue and Vine Drive area as part of the “Willing Seller –Willing Buyer” program that was
implemented by Council in 2000. The Willing Seller-Willing Buyer program is specifically for
residential structures in the floodplain or floodway and commercial structures in the floodway.
There have been two commercial structures on the west side of College removed and one
residential structure just north of College and Vine removed. At the time of the flood, a second
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Floodplain Management
4 of 6
residential structure at 213 E. Vine Dr. had been purchased , but the building had not yet been
demolished. That structure had 8-10 inches of water in the basement from the flood and is
expected to be removed in the near future (Photos 6 and 7).
Photo 6 and 7. 213 E. Vine Dr. is a structure purchased as part of the City’s Willing Seller-
Willing Buyer program. At the time of the flood, the house had not yet been demolished. The
basement of the house had 6-10 inches of water in the basement from the flood.
Flood Table Top Exercise
In May 2013, Fort Collins organized and conducted - in conjunction with Larimer County and the
State of Colorado Office of Emergency Management - a table top exercise focused on debris
management resulting from spring flooding on the Poudre River. The scenario included debris
flow moving down the river and creating blockages at bridges and snag points as well as
damages to roads and highways. Staff were asked to focus on communications, mutual aid
agreements, resource management and EOC operations.
Approximately 50 staff participated in the exercise. This increased knowledge and provided
some training experience using the Incident Command System (ICS). As a result of the
training, staff were better prepared when the actual flood event occurred in September. The
exercise did find that improvements were needed with training and experience.
Flood Warning System
The City’s Flood Warning System (FWS) comprises a network of 75 gages that monitor rainfall
and streamflow across the City and a large part of Larimer County. Data from this network is
viewed via software situated in the City’s EOC, and is also copied to the NWS for use by its
forecasters and hydrologists. The FWS also includes an emergency action plan (On Call
Manual) containing contact lists, maps of flood inundation risk, tables detailing infrastructure
vulnerability, and gage alarm thresholds for rain intensity and flow depths associated with
emergency actions.
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Floodplain Management
5 of 6
Stormwater On Call staff (office and field crew personnel) train and complete flood exercises
annually, and have been empowered by the Poudre Fire Authority (PFA) Office of Emergency
management to handle City flood emergencies. This includes emergency messaging to the
public via the LETA-911 system, the Emergency Alert System (EAS), and through traditional and
social media outlets with the support of Fort Collins Utilities’ Customer Connections and the City
of Fort Collins’ Public Information Office (PIO) staff.
All elements of the FWS were engaged during this event. The real-time data provided by the
gage network was critical for dynamic monitoring of areas at flood risk, for both public safety and
infrastructure protection. The rainfall and Poudre streamflow data was used to inform decisions
about emergency notifications to at-risk populations along the Poudre River, street and bridge
closures, and evacuations.
For the event, the vast majority of the 61 FWS alarms were generated by the Poudre River
Mouth of the Canyon and Lincoln Avenue streamflow gages and by the network of FWS rain
gages located in the mountains and foothills to the west of town. Recent enhancements made
to the FWS network included new gages to assist in monitoring rainfall and runoff on the Poudre
River and smaller watersheds subject to increased runoff from the High Park Fire burn area.
Streamflow data from two newly-installed Larimer County gages enabled Utilities On Call staff
located in the City’s EOC to monitor discharge in Rist Creek and Mill Creek. The City’s new
streamflow gage placed on the Poudre River at the Town of Poudre Park enabled EOC staff to
separate the relative contributions of storm runoff and timing of flow peaks between the
Poudre’s main stem and its North Fork tributary. Other new City gages at Poudre Park, at
Hewlett Gulch and at Gateway Park provided greater detail of rain intensity and distribution
along the Poudre River.
Flood Management Projects
The 2001 Poudre River Master Drainageway Plan outlines several improvements along
the river to prevent flood damage and bank erosion, as well as promoting habitat
improvements between Lincoln and Linden near Old Town. The City has implemented
select projects within this plan over the last 12 years. The Plan has also been used in
conjunction with the City’s floodplain regulations to regulate development along the
Poudre in such a way as to prevent property damage and loss of life. Critical areas
identified in the plan were monitored closely by City staff both during and after the flood.
Stormwater Flood Control CIP Program
Several completed flood control projects outside of the Poudre River such as the Canal
Importation Ponds and Outfall (CIPO), the Dry Creek Flood Control Project, the Locust
Street Outfall, and the Oak Street Outfall system performed as designed during the flood
event. It should be noted that these facilities did not see the same levels of rainfall or
flows as occurred in the Poudre River Basin. City staff continue to work closely with
CDOT to find solutions to overtopping flooding in the area of Harmony Road / I-25 /
Kechter Road. Harmony Road has the potential to overtop in the 100-year flood event,
and came close to overtopping during the 50-year flood event.
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Floodplain Management
6 of 6
Levees
The Oxbow Levee was constructed by the City of Fort Collins in 2004 to protect the
Buckingham and Andersonville neighborhoods from 100-year floods on the Poudre River.
The levee is an earthen structure that runs from Linden Street south to Lincoln Avenue.
The structure was designed and built in accordance with all FEMA and U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers design standards and has been certified by FEMA as protecting the
landside neighborhoods from the 100-year flood. The levee performed as designed
during the September 2013 flood, preventing river flows from entering the neighborhoods
to the east. Some of the neighborhoods did however experience localized flooding that
was caused by local drainage and flows from the Coy Ditch.
The Timberline Road Levee was constructed in 1999 to prevent the Poudre river from
overtopping upstream of Timberline Road and flooding the road and properties neat
Prospect and Timberline. The levee functioned well during the event, although flows did
not reach the toe of the embankment.
LPath Spill Project
This project is located along the east bank of the Poudre River between Timberline Road
and Prospect Road and consists of two hardened spill locations where the river overflows
in to the Riverbend Ponds Natural Area. The first spill is located immediately
downstream of Timberline Road, while the second spill is located approximately 1,000
feet upstream of Prospect Road. The spills, which are made from concrete block mats,
were constructed in 2006 as part of the Prospect Road widening project. The project also
included the construction of a second bridge under East Prospect Road to convey the
LPath flow southward back to the River within the Environmental Learning Center (ELC).
Without these constructed spills, the river had the potential to overtop the old gravel pit
embankment, erode the banks, and be captured and re-routed entirely into the lakes
within the Riverbend Ponds Natural Area. The North LPath spill overtopped during the
flood and performed as designed. The embankment held in place, and the main flood
flows stayed within the main channel banks. Post flood inspections showed no damage
to the spill structure, and even the grass growing through the concrete blocks held in
place. The South spill did not overtop, although the water surface came within inches of
starting to spill.
Poudre Bank Protection
The City has built several bank protection projects along the length of the river over the
last twenty years. Many of these projects area in areas that were identified as erosion
problem areas in the Poudre River Master Drainageway Plan. Some of the projects, such
as the bank protection north of Wood Street protect critical infrastructure (27-inch sanitary
sewer line at that location). Post flood inspections have shown that all of these bank
protection projects withstood the forces of a 50-year flood event on the river. Other
locations have been protected to prevent the capture of the river by the erosion of gravel
pit embankments, such as the 2012 bank repair at Sharp Point Drive.
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Emergency Operations Center
1 of 3
INTRODUCTION
The City Utility’s EOC was opened on September 12,, 2013 at 2:00 PM in the Training Room at
the Utilities Service Center (USC) located at 700 Wood Street in Fort Collins. The EOC was
staffed and operated continuously through 12:00 PM February 13, 2013 and then had two more
operational periods on September 14, 2013 from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM and again on September
15, 2013 from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM.
The Incident Command Structure (ICS) implemented during EOC operation was adjusted
dynamically as personnel availability and operational periods changed. It comprised staff from
City Utilities, City Police and the Poudre Fire Authority that provided support to Incident
Command (IC) and all four General Staff (Operations, Planning, Logistics and Finance)
positions, with additional support from City Planning staff for evacuations transit operations, City
GIS for mapping, cataloging and City website efforts, and City IT support for ongoing equipment
and communications assistance. IC included Utilities staff as Incident Safety and Public
Information Office. Other departments and agencies participating in EOC activities include City
Streets, who managed bridge closures both in the City and in the County, and Engineering, who
were consulted regarding Bridge safety.
KEY ACTIONS
During the event, contact was maintained using cellphones and desktop phones with field staff
conducting operations in the field, and with associated emergency management personnel both
under City jurisdiction and in Larimer County. The FWS data management software was used to
collect and map rainfall and streamflow reports from gages, supplemented by website
streamflow data available from the CDWR and the USGS. Storm behavior was monitored using
licensed weather radar software as well as regular update phone briefings with National
Weather Service forecasters. In addition, information flowed in from and was disseminated to
the field from Utilities and Streets crews, Water and Wastewater Plant staff, Police,
Fire/Emergency Responders, Larimer County Deputies, Poudre School district staff and other
emergency response personnel.
Based on the high flow conditions and potential for additional rainfall, EOC IC directed several
Key Actions during the event:
9:00 PM September 12 – LETA-911 notification sent to commercial establishments (no
residences present in flooding-threatened zone) along E. Vine and N College, along the
south side of Mulberry Street east of Lemay Avenue, and to the Advanced Energy and
Orthopedic Center of the Rockies area along East Prospect.
11:00 PM September 12 LETA-911 notification sent to residents in the Alta Vista,
Buckingham and Andersonville neighborhoods requesting self-evacuation due the
potential for inundation from the Poudre.
12:00 AM September 13 – EOC requests Streets Department On Call close traffic
across all City bridges due to Poudre flow that continued to climb toward 10,000 cfs.
Larimer County Dispatch was notified that this request included three County bridges: at
ATTACHMENT 2
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Emergency Operations Center
2 of 3
Overland Trail, at Taft Hill road and at Shields Avenue. The Timberline Bridge remained
open only for emergency vehicles and routed evacuation traffic.
3:00 AM September 13 evacuation request was issued via LETA-911 to residents in the
Alta Vista, Buckingham and Andersonville neighborhoods, accompanied by messaging
that transport was being arranged through TransFort, who delivered three buses to
collect residents and carry them to the Red Cross Shelter at Timberline Church.
4:00 AM September 13 – EOC IC and Planning staff advise Darin Atteberry and PSD
officials to close the Poudre School District schools for Friday, September 13.
4:30 AM - Since the City was effectively divided by bridge closures, Darin Atteberry
requests PSD officials open a second shelter area at the Zavelli Elementary School to
provide temporary support to citizens unable to mobilize to the Timberline Church.
8:00 AM - Poudre flow drops and determinations begin about the process to inspect and
reopen bridges.
PIO Staff continuously staffed the EOC in rotating shifts to maintain information flow and
distribution to the public via the City Website, City media outlets and through social media (see
Public Involvement Section, below).
Planning Staff monitored weather information, rainfall and flow data, briefed Operations staff
and other local, County, and State agency personnel with locations and magnitudes of expected
flood impact and provided recommendations for closures of roads, bridges, schools, and other
facilities. Staff contacted the Union Pacific Railroad to advise on removal of lodged debris on its
Poudre trestles, and began planning recovery strategies and operations needs for post-flooding
reconstruction and repair. GIS/Mapping staff provided updates to the public via the City website
of road closures, and within the EOC coordinated documentation and archiving of flooding and
flood damage photos.
Operations Staff managed Utilities and other departmental field crew personnel for all phases of
field operations, including road and bridge closures, protection of treatment facilities, excavation
of a relief drainage channel on the New Mercer ditch, inspections of local utilities infrastructure
for damage and debris monitoring during the event and debris removal post- high flow.
Logistics Staff provided direct support to the EOC with food, materials, equipment and
communications/IT service to maintain operations during the event, and coordinated
communications along with EOC staff for County EOC operations and the anticipated
involvement of FEMA in recovery operations.
Finance Staff established preliminary charge accounts and billing numbers for Response, and
Recovery activities (debris removal/management, damage estimating, repair/reconstruction of
damaged infrastructure, equipment rental, storm evaluation data gathering that included
groundwork and overflights).
2013 FORT COLLINS FLOOD
AN EARLY RETROSPECTIVE
Emergency Operations Center
3 of 3
REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Larimer County officials have upgraded their receipt of real-time rainfall and streamflow
information via notifications from a private vendor and via website access to City FWS data.
City EOC Planning and Operations assisted Larimer County emergency responders with reports
of Poudre flow conditions on an as-requested basis during the event. PFA authorities
established communication with FEMA via the Colorado Office of Emergency Management for
formal request of response and recovery funds. A Presidential Disaster declaration was issued
on Sunday, September 15. A 30-day extension application letter was submitted to FEMA by
State OEM on October 6. Requests for Mutual Aid support were received by the EOC from the
Towns of Estes Park, Evans, and Loveland, and from Larimer County during response
operations. Mutual Aid was not rendered until the EOC was closed and recovery activities in
Fort Collins commenced. All Mutual Aid requests were tracked by the Colorado OEM.
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND DOCUMENTATION
During and after the storm event all activities undertaken by the City were tracked recorded on
FEMA Incident Command System (ICS) forms. For purposes of a unified command and
communications system as well as for FEMA reimbursement purposes it was very important that
the City use a common and reporting and documentation system. What is obvious from this last
storm event is that the FEMA’s ICS command system has not been widely used throughout the
City except for PFA, FCPD and the Utilities. Further training for all personnel involved in
emergency operations should be pursued. A large amount of staff time was required to complete
the tracking and documentation efforts.
1
City Council Work Session
January 28, 2014
2013 Fort Collins Flood
An Early Retrospective ……
Insert photo here
2
2013 Fort Collins Flood
STORMWATER MASTER PLANNING AND
FLOODPLAIN ADMINISTRATION
Chris Lochra Marsha Robinson Mark Kempton Brian Varrella Shane Boyle
Ken Sampley Basil Hamdan Mark Taylor Beck Anderson
3
2013 Fort Collins Flood
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• FLOOD EVENT OVERVIEW
• CONTEXT OF THE FLOOD
• WHAT WENT WELL
• AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT
• SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS
• SUPPORT NEEDED
4
2013 Fort Collins Flood
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT
AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
1. Does Council have specific questions
regarding Fort Collins floodplain
management program or the 2013 Flood
Response and Recovery?
2. Does Council concur with the proposed
list of suggested improvement actions?
5
LESSONS LEARNED
- Flooding Happens !!
- What went well / Areas for Improvement
- Why were damages not as severe here?
- Heaviest rainfall occurred to the west
- Acquisition of properties in the Floodplain
- Comprehensive Floodplain Management
- Flood Warning System
- Professional and Capable Staff
- Increasing importance of Social Media
2013 Fort Collins Flood
6
2013 Fort Collins Flood
Overview
Poudre River at College Avenue -- September 13, 2013
7
Aerial photograph of College Avenue and Poudre River
on Friday, Sept. 13, 2013 looking south toward Old Town.
Stream gage at mouth of Poudre Canyon
2013 Fort Collins Flood
Overview
8
Context of the Flood
• Long-term drought
• Complacency about flooding
• New floodplain regulations
• New Emergency Response and
Preparedness Plan (ERPP)
• TBL Analysis
- Economic, social, and
environmental considerations
Planning
Mitigation
Preparedness Regulation
2012 High Park Fire,
photo courtesy of Michael Menefee
2013 Fort Collins Flooding along
the Poudre River
9
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Floodplain Mitigation
Natural & Beneficial Functions
Parks in
100-year
Floodplain
(acres)
Natural
Areas in
100-year
Floodplain
(acres)
Total
Open
Space
Preserved
(acres)
100-year
Floodplain
Inside City
Limits
(acres)
66% of the
100-year
floodplain is
preserved as
Open Space
55 924 979 1,485
10
A top-ranked program nationally
– Community Rating System (CRS) -- Class 4 Ranking
– In the top 1% of SW/Floodplain Programs in U.S.
– 30% Flood insurance Discounts
Comprehensive activities
– Capital improvements
– Property buyouts
– High floodplain standards
– Flood warning system
Poudre River looking downstream from
the Mulberry St. Bridge 9/13/2013
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Floodplain Mitigation
Floodplain Management Program
11
Construction requirement = Elevate finish floor
2.0 ft above 100-Year Water Surface Elevation
– Orthopedic Center of the Rockies
– Neenan Construction
– In-Situ
High water mark
Dry building entrance
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Floodplain Mitigation
Minimal Structural Damage
12
Required for developed / redeveloped properties
– Critical along the Lincoln Ave. corridor
– In last 10 years,
all properties
in compliance
– Reduced risks
to properties
and downstream
neighbors
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Floodplain Mitigation
Floatable Materials Standard
13
Removes properties at risk from the floodplain
• Implemented in 2000
• For residential structures in
floodway and flood fringe
• For commercial structures
in floodway
• 4 Structures purchased to date
• 2 Commercial (W of College)
• 1 residence near College & Vine
• 1 residence on Vine Dr
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Floodplain Mitigation
Willing Seller, Willing Buyer Program
14
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Flood Table Top Exercise
MAY 2013 -- POUDRE RIVER FLOODING
• Approx. 50 staff from Fort Collins, Poudre Fire
Authority, Larimer County OEM, CO Emergency
Management, CDOT
• Scenario à Flooding on the Poudre River and
Debris Management
• Exercise considered -- High Park Fire Impacts
Clogged Bridges
Damaged Roads/Highways
EOC Operations
Mutual Aid Agreements
Emergency Plans
15
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Upstream Flood Attenuation
Poudre River Peak
Discharge of 10,400 cfs
at the Mouth of Canyon
Gage Sept 13, 3:45 AM
16
Rainfall totals:
September 9-16
Source: City of Fort Collins and City of Loveland Gage Data
capture by Water-and Earth Technologies, MWS Publication
11.92 inches over
High Park Fire
burn in 7 days
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Flood Warning System
17
48-hour Rainfall
Totals as of
Sept 13, 9:00AM
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Flood Warning System
18
Replace photo
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) -- Utility Service Center
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Emergency Operations Center
19
Oxbow levee -- September 13, 2013
Oxbow Levee
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Flood Management Projects -- Levees
20
LPath North Spill -- September 13, 2013
Side-spill removes flow
from the Poudre
channel to safe locations
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Flood Management Projects – LPath Spill
21
New for 2013
– “10-5 Outreach” before Flood
Awareness Week
– High Park Fire flash flood
messages through summer
Multiple platforms
– Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
Facebook
– Direct views = 178,872 people
– Shared views = 264,967 people
– 6,684 people “likes”
– Gained 1,875 new page “likes”
– Directly engaged 68,470 people
Public “likes” on the
City Facebook Page
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Social Media – Public Communications
22
Twitter
– Gained 1,503 followers
– Pre-flood = 6,889 followers
– Post-flood = 8,392 followers
– Posts reached 12-times the
normal number of people
– Retweets, modified tweets
and favorites
– 428 people mentioned the
City in their posts
YouTube
– Videos posted as CityofFortCollins
A “retweet” sends to all
that person’s followers
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Social Media – Public Communications
23
Special website set up for storm info
– http://www.fcgov.com/utilities/safety-and-security/2013-
flood/
– Main platform for communication
– Info updated regularly
• Press releases
• Help finding assistance
• Other Agency contacts
• Interactive maps (GIS)
WHAT WENT WELL ….
2013 Flood Website
24
• Post-Flood Recovery
• Debris deposition
• Prospect Road / Riverbend
• Udall Natural Area
• McMurray Natural Area
• Mulberry/Lemay Bridges
• 1,720 tons of debris removed
Est Total Costs à $ 190,000
Est FEMA Reimb à $ 142,500
CWCB Share à $ 23,750
Fort Collins à $ 23,750 Debris cleanup at Udall Natural Area
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Debris Management
25
Prospect Road west of the Poudre River Bridge
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Damage Assessments
• Post-Flood Assessments
began on Sept. 17th
• Identification by
• Field Observations
• Photos/Videos
• Aerial Photography
• DARS Application
• Documentation
• Future Assessments
26
Bank sloughing near ELC Lincoln Avenue Bridge
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Damage Assessments
27
WHAT WENT WELL ….
Flood Recovery Projects
18 FLOOD REPAIR PROJECTS
Total Repair Costs = $ 804,000
FEMA / CO reimbursement = $ 421,000
NOTES:
1. Difference in costs due to mitigation measures
necessary to protect against future floods
2. FEMA only pays to put back to pre-flood conditions
plus small mitigation contribution
3. High flows in the river over winter have delayed some
projects until fall 2014
28
AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT….
Training -- ICS and EOC
29
AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT….
EOC Environment and Equipment
30
AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT….
Mutual Aid Agreement / Operations Documents
Formal Recovery Guide
• Declarations
• Forms
• Cost Recovery
Mutual Aid Documents
• In place before
incidents
Debris Management Plan
• Hurricane Sandy
Amendments
31
Damaged stream gage upstream of Lincoln Avenue on Sept. 13, 2013
AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT….
Expansion of Flood Warning System
32
Introduction
Lemay Avenue and Mulberry
Street on Sept. 13, 2013 closed
to all traffic.
Shields Street Bridge over the
Poudre River closed to traffic
on Sept. 13, 2013.
AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT….
Decision-Making Aids for Infrastructure
33
TRAINING LEAD
• Incident Command System (ICS)
• Roles and Responsibilities (Response Phase) OEM / FCU
• Roles and Responsibilities (Recovery Phase) OEM / FCU
• Forms and Documentation EOC / DEPTS
• All Hazard Incident Management Teams PFA / OEM
• Recovery Manuals and Training OEM / FCU / FINANCE
• Mutual Aid Agreements and Training ATTY / OEM
FLOOD-RELATED LEAD
• Flood Warning System Expansion SW
• Annual Table Top Exercises SW / PFA
• Flood Warning On-Call Manual Updates SW
• Infrastructure Decision-Making Aids SW / ENGR / STREETS
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS
High Priority
34
TECHNOLOGY LEAD
• EOC Access
• Credentialing OEM / CITY OPS
• Access Cards PFA / CITY OPS
• EOC Facilities and Equipment OEM / CITY / FCU
• Cell phone signal boost IT
• EOC Software (i.e. WebEOC) OEM / IT
• Internet / Wireless services PFA / IT
• TV Monitors, printers, phones PFA / FCU / IT
DEBRIS MANAGEMENT LEAD
• Update Debris Management Plan FCU
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS
Medium Priority
35
Suggested improvement actions cannot move
forward and will not be completed unless they
are a priority and value of the City.
SUPPORT NEEDED
City Council
KEY ITEMS
1) Strong Floodplain Regulations
2) Floodplain Land Acquisitions
3) Training – ($$ and Staff Time)
a) ICS / EOC
b) Table Top Exercises
4) Mutual Aid Agreements
5) EOC Facilities and Equipment
36
2013 Fort Collins Flood
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT
AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
1. Does Council have specific questions
regarding Fort Collins floodplain
management program or the 2013 Flood
Response and Recovery?
2. Does Council concur with the proposed
list of suggested improvement actions?