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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 10/22/2013 - 2012 INTERNATIONAL CODES REVIEWDATE: October 22, 2013 STAFF: Mike Gebo Pre-taped staff presentation: available at fcgov.com/clerk/agendas.php WORK SESSION ITEM FORT COLLINS CITY COUNCIL SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION 2012 International Codes Review. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this work session is to introduce the 2012 International Building Codes (2012 I- Codes) and proposed local amendments for consideration of adoption. The 2012 I-Codes represent the most up-to-date construction standards available establishing the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare by regulating structural strength and stability, sanitation, light and ventilation, energy conservation, and property protection from hazards attributed to the built environment within the City of Fort Collins. The proposed 2012 International Codes and accompanying local amendments represent a comprehensive, fully integrated body of codes regulating building construction and systems using prescriptive and performance-related provisions. The proposed local amendments strive to improve upon the 2012 I-Codes in areas that are of specific importance to the citizens of the City of Fort Collins. The 2012 I-Codes under consideration are the International Building Code (IBC), International Residential Code (IRC), International Mechanical Code (IMC), International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC), and the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED 1. Does Council have any construction-related concerns or new ideas not currently addressed or proposed to be addressed by the adoption of the 2012 I-Codes? 2. Does Council wish to adopt the residential sprinkler provisions as identified in the 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) in its entirety or by type of structure; duplex and townhomes as an option and with implementation on July 1, 2014? 3. Does Council concur with staff presenting the adopting ordinances for Council’s consideration on First Reading December 3, 2013? BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION History of Fort Collins’ Building Codes The International Codes and standards are reviewed and voted on by construction industry professionals from across the country and published every three years under the oversight of the October 22, 2013 Page 2 International Code Council (ICC). The latest publications brought forth by the ICC are the proposed 2012 International Codes intended to replace the current City adopted 2009 International Codes. Since 1924, the City of Fort Collins has periodically reviewed, amended, and adopted the latest nationally recognized building standards available for the times. The City has updated the minimum construction standards 13 times since 1924. 2012 International Codes Fort Collins’ Review Process In August 2012, a committee was convened for the purpose of reviewing and recommending the adoption of the proposed 2012 I-Codes and accompanying local amendments. The stakeholders’ code review committee represented a wide spectrum of volunteers from across the local construction industry including private developers, builders, architects, engineers, building officials from neighboring jurisdictions and representatives from the Building Review Board and the Poudre Fire Authority. Please see Attachment 2 for the list of the code review committee members. On October 2, 2013, the final code review committee meeting was held when committee members voted in support of the 2012 I-Codes and accompanying local amendments as proposed. The committee members voted support for: • Requiring new multi-family buildings to provide fire-sprinklers in the attics. • To disallow the use of vinyl siding on all new buildings. • Proposed amendments expanding the Construction Waste Management Plan to include remodel and additions and to establish a recycling policy for buildings being demolished for commercial and residential. • Requiring fire-sprinkler systems in new duplexes and new townhomes with an effective date of July 1, 2014. • Delaying fire-sprinklers in new single-family detached dwellings, preferring rather to have new developments incorporate fire-sprinklers early in the development design stage. Overview/Highlights of the 2012 International Codes Significant Changes For a review of the 2012 International building Code (IBC), please see Attachment 3A for a quick “at-a-glance” look at the significant proposed changes/amendments to commercial and multi-family projects. Code Review Committee Conclusion: Generally, there are no significant changes in the 2012 IBC that the Committee considered to be controversial or overly expensive to new construction. The proposed requirements that multi-family buildings provide fire-sprinklers in the attic and the issue of vinyl siding were considered important discussion items. For a review of the 2012 International Residential Code (IRC), please see Attachment 3B for an “at-a-glance” look at the significant proposed changes/amendments to residential single-family, duplex, and townhome buildings. Code Review Committee Conclusion: The 2012 IRC requires that all new buildings constructed under the IRC be provided with a fire-suppression system. A majority of the members voted for October 22, 2013 Page 3 support for the fire-sprinkler requirement in new duplexes and new townhomes, and support an effective date of July 1, 2014. The Committee supports delaying fire-sprinklers in new single-family detached dwellings. Members expressed support that new single-family developments be planned and designed with fire- sprinkler systems from the early stages of development. The remaining 2012 IRC and amendments were supported for adoption. Key Discussion Items IBC 1. Amend IBC Sections 903.2.8 and 903.3.1.2 to require that Group R-2 (Multi-family occupancies) be provided with an NFPA 13 fire-sprinkler system which would provide sprinkler heads in attic spaces. 2. Amend IBC Sections 1404.9 and 1404.12, deleting the use of vinyl and polypropylene siding materials. 3. Amend IBC Section 3602.1 to require Construction Waste Management on remodels and additions of 2,500 square feet, and to establish recycling procedures on buildings to be demolished. IRC 4. Amend IRC Section R313.1 to require fire-sprinkler systems in new duplex and new townhomes effective July 1, 2014. 5. Amend IRC Section R313.2 delaying fire-sprinkler system in new single family detached. 6. Amend IRC Section R324.1 to require Construction Waste Management on remodels and additions of 2,500 square feet, and to establish recycling procedures on buildings to be demolished. 7. Amend IRC Sections R703.11 and R703.11.3 deleting the use of vinyl and polypropylene siding materials. Sprinkler Systems in Multi-family Buildings One proposed amendment addresses the International Building Code (IBC) Sections 903.2.8 and 903.3.1.2, which requires that all multi-family buildings be provided with a fire-sprinkler system of at least an NFPA 13R. In accordance with the NFPA 13R, the building’s attics do not need to be provided with sprinkler heads. Add to this the use of vinyl siding on many multi-family buildings and it is easy to see why the recent Buffalo Run and Bull Run fire damages were so extensive. Both fires originated on the exterior of the building, igniting and melting the vinyl siding, exposing the combustible sub-sheathing (plywood). The flames continued upward along the vinyl siding and entered the attic through the vinyl soffit materials. Once the fire was in the unsprinkled attic, it moved quickly and ultimately destroyed six dwellings in each project. Fire damage estimates are $400,000 and $500,000 respectively. The proposed amendments would eliminate the use of vinyl siding on all new buildings within the City and require that all multi-family buildings be provided with a fire-suppression system of NFPA October 22, 2013 Page 4 13, which would require that all attics be sprinkled. Please see Attachment 4 for an explanation of costs due to installing the NFPA 13 system and replacing vinyl siding with hardboard siding. Fire-Sprinkler Systems Overview The 2012 IRC Section R313.1 requires that all new single-family, duplex, and townhomes be provided with a residential fire-sprinkler system. Townhomes are identified as single-family dwellings attached to another single-family dwelling where each owner purchases the ground beneath their dwelling and a true property line is between each separate dwelling unit. There are four types of fire-sprinkler systems available that comply with the IRC requirement. Please see Attachment 5 for a description of the four types of fire-sprinkler systems. Sprinkler System IRC Section P2904 The P2904 fire-sprinkler system is a combination potable cold water and fire-sprinkler system, an extension of the dwelling unit’s cold water piping, and is the most cost effective system for the duplex and townhomes. The P2904 system would not normally require a larger water tap than what would be required for any new dwelling. In very large homes there may need to be an increase in tap size in order to serve very long runs of water piping. Since the P2904 system is considered plumbing, it must comply with the state-adopted International Plumbing Code (IPC), which requires that water piping be installed in such a manner that the system will not be subject to freezing. The chances of a failure of the P2904 system causing water damage due to leaks is no more or no less likely than any potable water piping systems currently in use. Poudre Fire Authority reports that staff has responded to 85 incidents in the past 3 years for failed fire-suppression systems. These systems were predominately in commercial and multi-family buildings using the NFPA 13 and NFPA 13R systems. There is no data on the failure rates of the P2904 system, due in part to its limited use at this time. When the IRC fire-sprinkler requirement was first introduced into the 2009 IRC, the cost of the P2904 portion of the potable water system was anticipated to be in the $2.00-$2.50 per square foot range using a Cross-linked Polyethylene Plastic (PEX) piping system. The PEX piping system is the current leader in supplying materials and fittings for the P2904 system. The estimate shown above was based on the low number of licensed plumbers that were familiar with the P2904 system and the fact that very few systems were being installed. Current estimates and local experience with the P2904 system over the past few years has brought the cost to about $1.50-$1.75 per square foot. The International Code Council’s (ICC) philosophy around fire mitigation is that it is better to extinguish a fire through fire-sprinkler systems than to contain a fire through fire-resistive construction. Where the IRC requires a fire-sprinkler system, it also requires greater fire-resistive construction where the fire-sprinkler system is not provided. Fire-resistive construction is achieved through the installation of fire-rated wall or floor/ceiling assemblies that are one-hour or two-hour fire rated. The required fire rating is achieved by the installation of multiple layers of gypsum wallboard (sheetrock). Please see Attachment 6 which is intended to show the cost of the P2904 system at $1.75 per square foot and the cost of the fire-resistant construction when the P2904 system is not provided, using a standard referenced house in the single-family detached dwelling, duplex, or townhome configuration. October 22, 2013 Page 5 Sprinkler System IRC Section P2904 Sustainable Benefits The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) estimates that there will be 300,000-400,000 residential structure fires on average per year, resulting in 3,000-4,000 casualties across the country. Since the early 2000s, numerous organizations have conducted independent testing of residential fire-sprinkler systems using side-by-side mock-up structures, one space with sprinklers and the other space with no sprinklers. The following agencies have conducted such testing: • U.S. Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology (2002-2005), • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (2002-2005 and 2012) • The Fire Protection Research Foundation (2008) • Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) (2003-2007) • FM Global Research Division (2010) • Disaster Safety (2012) On average, the tests showed that a single fire-sprinkler head will activate within one minute of ignition of the test materials. The sprinkler will maintain the fire to a small area or in many cases will extinguish the flames before the fire department arrives. Poudre Fire Authority’s response time is approximately eight minutes from being notified to applying water to the flames. The difference between the sprinkler head applying water at approximately one minute compared to the fire department’s application at about eight to nine minutes can result in significant damage to contents or structure. Please see Attachment 7 for data points on the testing results by agency. These tests conclude that there are environmental sustainability benefits which strongly support the use of residential fire- suppression systems in new dwellings. The Insurance Service Office ISO rating Fort Collins was recently evaluated by the Insurance Service Office (ISO); an independent rating organization that reviews and evaluates a jurisdiction’s building department and code enforcement capabilities. Based on this rating, insurance carriers can establish insurance rates for residential and commercial buildings within the jurisdiction. The City’s rating remained a very good two for commercial and had a slight drop from two to a three for residential. This reduction in the residential rating may not have an impact of insurance premiums. Please see Attachment 8 for an overview of the ISO program. Outreach efforts Over the past several months, staff has presented the 2012 I-Codes and proposed amendments to numerous boards and commissions, builders and realtor groups. Minutes of these meetings are pending. Overall there is general support to: • Amend the IBC multi-family fire-sprinkler requirements and stipulate that attics of multi- family buildings be provided with sprinkler heads using the NFPA 13 system. • Disallow the use of vinyl siding on all new buildings throughout the City. • Improve the Construction Waste Management Plan and develop recycling efforts for buildings to be demolished. October 22, 2013 Page 6 • Require that new duplexes and new townhomes constructed under the IRC be provided with fire-sprinkler systems using the IRC P2904. • Adopt the 2012 I-Codes with proposed amendments as presented. Overall concerns include: • The cost and timing of requiring fire-sprinklers in all new single-family detached dwellings, preferring rather to have new single-family developments planned and designed to incorporate fire-sprinkler systems in each new home. • The plumbing contractors will be the tradespeople installing the IRC P2904 combination potable water/fire-sprinkler system and many contractors may not be sufficiently trained in the P2904 requirements. Staff supports delaying implementation of the P2904 fire-sprinkler system in new duplexes and new townhomes until July1, 2014, allowing time for staff to develop and schedule training of the P2904 system. • The construction cost increases in general and specifically that energy efficiency improvements beyond the proposed 2012 International Energy Code (IECC) may have reach the point of diminished returns. Please see Attachment 9 for the list of boards and commissions and dates of presentations, along with a brief overview of comments. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Building codes establish minimum construction standards to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare. With each new edition of the International Building Codes, significant changes are made that directly benefit and protect the consumer and users of the built environment, including fire-responder safety. It is estimated that the entire package of significant changes if adopted, could increase the cost of a single-family home on the order of $7,000 - $8,000, while having a positive effect on the environment by improving indoor air quality, energy efficiency of the buildings, incorporating safety requirements that serve the occupants and public while lessening the likelihood of structural failures. The code review committee considered the impacts to the Triple Bottom Line during the review process. Since the code review work started in August 2012 it was deemed too late in the process to do a standardized TBLAM. ATTACHMENTS 1. I-Codes overview 2. Code review committee members 3. A. Significant changes to IBC commercial and multi-family B. Significant changes to IRC single-family, duplex, and townhomes. 4. Multi-family sprinkler and vinyl siding cost estimates 5. Fire sprinkler systems overview 6. Cost estimates P2904 or fire-resistive construction 7. Residential sprinkler reports supporting environmental benefits 8. Insurance Service Office (ISO) information October 22, 2013 Page 7 9. Boards and commissions feedback 10. Powerpoint presentation Community Development & Neighborhood Services 281 North College Avenue P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522.0580 970.416.2740 970.224.6134- fax fcgov.com Planning, Development & Transportation Services 2012 International Codes (I-Codes) Overview 2012 International Building Code (IBC): Minimum standards regulating construction of all commercial and all multi-family residential projects not regulated under the IRC). There are no new codes or proposed amendments that were deemed to be controversial. 2012 International Residential Code (IRC): Minimum standards regulating construction of all single-family, duplex, and townhome projects. This stand-alone code includes minimum standards for associated sub-trades such as plumbing, electric, mechanical and fuel gas appliances. The fire-sprinkler requirement for new buildings constructed under the IRC is the most controversial item of the entire code package. There is support for requiring fire-sprinklers in the duplex and townhome buildings and delaying implementation until July 1, 2014. The delay is to allow time to train the plumbing industry in the installation of the combination potable water/fire suppressions system identified in the IRC, the P2904. There is some support for fire-sprinklers in new single-family homes when new developments are planned and designed with fire-sprinklers as a requirement in each new home, possibly allowing for fewer fire hydrants and narrower streets. 2012 International Mechanical Code (IMC): Minimum standards regulating the installation of all mechanical air handling systems for buildings constructed under the IBC. There are no new codes or proposed amendments that were deemed to be controversial. 2012 International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC): Minimum standards regulating the installation of all natural gas and propane fueled appliances and equipment for buildings constructed under the IBC. There are no new codes or proposed amendments that were deemed to be controversial. 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC): Establishes minimum energy efficiency criteria for all commercial and four-story multi-family residential projects constructed under the IBC. The International Code Council (ICC) anticipates that the new 2012 IECC will improve energy efficiency of new buildings by approximately 15%-19% over the current 2009 IECC. Fort Collins Utilities’ staff estimate that in new single family dwellings, the annual savings in energy related cost to the consumer to be in the $110.00- $125.00 range. The National Electric Code and the International Plumbing Code are adopted by the State of Colorado and accepted by the City without the need for review. ATTACHMENT 1 2012 I-Code Review Committee Members Stephen Steinbicker 970-207-0424 steve@architecturewestllc.com John McCoy 970-226-5511 Jmccoy1900@hotmail.com Dave Phillips 970-672-0089 dave@philgreenco.com John Sailer 970-412-9605 sailerj@gmail.com Stan Griep 970-498-7714 sgriep@larimer.org Dave Sanders 970-631-2666 dave@greenteamre.com Darren Haun 970-372-0212 dhaun@horizonsm.com Ceri Jones 970-567-9717 ceri@tritoncommunities.com Arnold Drennen 970-482-9100 jarnold@drennencc.com Mike Doddridge 970-218-3120 mjd@doddridgeconstruction.com Steve Spanjer 970-223-2664 steves@spanjer.com Mark Foster 970-352-7072 mark@journeyhomes.com Dwight Sailer 970-566-9931 dwight@highcraft.net Jon Tschetter 970-222-8200 jon.tschetter@tschetco.com Russ Weber 970-545-3502 rweber@safebuilt.com Carl Glaser carl@archbuild.com Matt Rankin 970-224-0630 mrankin@rankinarchitects.com Jeff Schneider 970-566-9971 jeff@armsteadconstruction.com Mike Gebo 970-416-2618 mgebo@fcgov.com Russ Hovland 970-416-2341 rhovland@fcgov.com Lisa Schoenfeld 970-416-2640 lschoenfeld@fcgov.com Sarah Carter 970-416-2748 scarter@fcgov.com Angelina Sanchez Sprague 970-221-6525 asanchezsprague@fcgov.com ATTACHMENT 2 Community Development & Neighborhood Services 281 North College Avenue P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522.0580 970.416.2740 970.224.6134- fax fcgov.com Planning, Development & Transportation Services Significant Changes Proposed for Adoption of the 2012 International Building Code (IBC) Applicable to all Commercial and Multi-Family Buildings 1. New amendment proposal requiring National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13 fire suppressions system in multi-family buildings. (Current code allows NFPA.13R which is a residential sprinkler system that does not require sprinkler heads in the attic.) 2. New amendment proposal that requires bedroom egress windows sills to be at least 24 inches above the floor when the window sill height is 72 inches or more above ground in multi-family buildings. (Intended to prohibit emergency escape window sills being placed lower than 24 inches from the floor. Window sills below 24 inches would require “fall protection” devices which can inhibit egress operations through the window.) 3. New amendment proposal will require radon systems be installed in new buildings of I-1 occupancies and I-2 nursing homes. (These are long term residential uses.) 4. New amendment proposal to delete Vinyl and Polypropylene siding. (Due to vinyl siding’s flammable properties and recent multi-family fires at Bull Run and Buffalo Run apartments involving vinyl siding products.) 5. Chapter 36 Sustainable Building Construction Practices (Green Code Amendments adopted January 2012) carried over as basic local amendments: a. New amendment proposal would expand the Construction Waste Management Plan to be applicable to not only new buildings but to also be applicable to remodel work and addition work when the work involved exceeds 2,500 square feet. b. New amendment proposal would require that whole buildings being demolished shall first have all contaminated materials removed such as asbestos and lead paints, then Soft-Stripped removing reusable items such as doors, windows, fixtures, and cabinets for recycling where available. The remaining wood, concrete and masonry, steel, and cardboards shall be recycled in accordance with the Construction Waste Management Plan. c. New amendment proposal requiring verification documentation that identifies the materials recycled in accordance with the Construction Waste Management Plan. Documentation required prior to issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy. d. The remaining Chapter 36 retained and unchanged addressing: i. Low-volatile organic compounds (VOC) which establishes limits on harmful gas emissions of construction products, ii. Ductwork controls limiting construction debris and dust. iii. New Building Flush-Out requirements iv. Acoustical controls and sound transmission ATTACHMENT 3A 2012 IBC Proposed Changes - 2 - v. Building systems commissioning assuring that the following systems have been installed and tested to operate as designed: 1. HVAC 2. Thermal envelope tightness 3. Lighting controls 4. Service water heating 5. Renewable energy systems 6. Background sound levels 7. New, Cooling tower water use Community Development & Neighborhood Services 281 North College Avenue P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522.0580 970.416.2740 970.224.6134- fax fcgov.com Planning, Development & Transportation Services Significant Changes Proposed for Adoption of the 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) Applicable to New Single-family; Duplex; and Townhomes 1. Keep existing amendments establishing fire-ratings of exterior walls due to location on the property in relation to property lines and the fire-ratings at the common walls separating dwelling units. (Dependent on whether the code required fire-suppression system is adopted) (A majority of the code review committee members support requiring fire sprinklers in new duplex and new townhomes effective July 1, 2014. The committee members did have support for the code requirement that sprinklers be installed in new single family dwellings but only in new subdivisions where fire-sprinklers are planned for each dwelling and consideration for trade-offs could be incorporated such as narrower streets or fewer fire hydrants as a possibility. This proposal needs to be vetted through a Land Use Code change and is not considered part of this code review.) 2. New amendment proposal that requires bedroom egress windows sills to be at least 24 inches above the floor when the window sill height is 72 inches or more above ground in dwellings. (Intended to prohibit emergency escape window sills being placed lower than 24 inches from the floor. Window sills below 24 inches would require “fall protection” devices which can inhibit egress operations through the window.) 3. New amendment proposal requiring basement window wells to be provided with drainage and the drain inlet to be at least 4 inches below the window sill. (Intended to divert rain and surface water away from entrance into the basement window) 4. Keep existing amendments carried over from the Green Code Amendments adopted January of 2012. (No longer identified as Green Code Amendments, but rather simply local amendments), including: a. New amendment proposal would expand the Construction Waste Management Plan to be applicable to not only new buildings but to also be applicable to remodel work and addition work when the work involved exceeds 2,500 square feet. b. New amendment proposal would require that whole buildings being demolished shall first have all contaminated materials removed such as asbestos and lead paints, then Soft-Stripped removing reusable items such as doors, windows, fixtures, and cabinets for recycling where available. The remaining wood, concrete and masonry, steel, and cardboards shall be recycled in accordance with the Construction Waste Management Plan. c. New amendment proposal requiring verification documentation that identifies the materials recycled in accordance with the Construction Waste Management Plan. Documentation required prior to issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy. ATTACHMENT 3B 2012 IRC Significant Proposed Amendments - 2 - d. Keep Low-volatile organic compounds which establishes limits on harmful gas emissions of construction products, e. Keep Exterior “Dark Sky” lighting (New clarification to reflect the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) Lighting Zone-1 (LZ-1) which indicates that the lamp or the light shall not be directly visible beyond the property line.). f. Keep existing amendments which require mechanical system testing, building air- tightness testing, and mandatory requirements for insulation installation, combustion safety testing and garage to home isolation testing. g. Keep existing amendments which set maximum flow rates of plumbing fixtures. h. Keep whole-house ventilation (WHV) system and providing clarity on how the system is to operate and owner controls. 5. New amendment proposal requiring electrically heated homes shall show energy compliance by the prescriptive path charts. (Intent is to disallow the use of an energy rating computer program such as RESNET or U of A Performance Path which allows for trade-offs of the insulation values. Electrically heated home will now need to meet the more restrictive prescriptive path.) 6. New amendment proposal clarifying that HVAC ductwork shall not be located outside the interior vapor barrier. (In other words, all duct work shall not be located in the exterior wall insulation.) 7. New amendment proposal requiring that dwellings with any gas cooking (not just gas ovens) will be required to have a range hood vented to the outside. Estimates of cost 1. Multi-family sprinklers using National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13 in lieu of NFPA 13R. 2. Vinyl siding versus hardboard siding. 1) The current average local rate to install a NFPA 13R is about $2.00 per square foot. NFPA 13 is about $2.75 per square foot or about a 35% increase in the cost of the sprinkler system. An average multi-family building comparable to the Bull Run apartments would be a twelve-plex (12 units) of 1,000 square feet each unit, this estimate equates to an increase cost of $9,000 to install the NFPA 13 over the NFPA 13R. 2) Vinyl siding cost difference is in the materials alone as the installation should be equal, although some contractors indicate that the vinyl siding is actually more expensive to install, supposedly vinyl materials are difficult to work with. The cost of vinyl siding material is approximately $0.84 per square foot, where a more fire-resistant hardboard siding is approximately $1.25 per square foot. Using the same example twelve-plex at 4,000 square foot per floor and a perimeter of 65 feet x 60 feet three stories in height, the estimated siding area is approximately 7,200 square feet. The increased cost to move from vinyl siding to a hardboard siding is approximately $0.41 per square foot or $2950.00 for this sample project. ATTACHMENT 4 Community Development & Neighborhood Services 281 North College Avenue P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522.0580 970.416.2740 970.224.6134- fax fcgov.com Planning, Development & Transportation Services Fire-sprinkler Systems Overview 1. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13 (Commercial) which is classified as a “stand-alone” fire-suppression system for use in any building. The system is piped separately from other water systems and all concealed spaces must be protected with sprinkler heads including closets and garages. This system would not typically be installed in IRC buildings due to excessive installation cost. Requires a contractor with a fire-suppression installation license. 2. NFPA 13R (Residential) which is classified as a “stand-alone” fire-suppression system for use in multi-family buildings. The system is piped separately from other water systems and certain spaces must be protected with sprinklers, including larger closets and garages. This is the fire-suppression system installed in multi-family buildings constructed under the IBC. Requires a contractor with a fire-suppression installation license. 3. NFPA 13D (Dwelling) which is classified as a “stand-alone” fire-suppression system for use in single-family detached buildings. The system is piped separately from other water systems and only major habitable spaces must be protected with sprinklers. This is one of two fire- suppression systems that would most likely be installed in single-family dwellings constructed under the IRC. Requires a contractor with a fire-suppression installation license. 4. IRC Section P2904 (Plumbing system) is a dwelling unit fire-suppression system which is classified as combination potable water and fire-suppression system. The cold water piping is interconnected between plumbing fixtures to sprinkler heads throughout the dwelling unit. This is the newest and most cost effective sprinkler system for IRC constructed buildings; it was designed specifically to satisfy the 2009 IRC requirement that all new single-family, duplex, and townhome dwellings be provided with a fire-suppression system. The State of Colorado Plumbing Board has determined that this system is considered plumbing and licensed plumbing contractors can install the system without the special fire-suppression system installation license. ATTACHMENT 5 International Residential Code IRC Section P2904 Sprinkler vs. No Sprinkler Cost Comparison Standard referenced home: Single-family two-story 2,000 sq. ft. finished 1,000 sq. ft. unfinished basement 25 feet x 40 feet Estimated cost of P2904 sprinkler system at $1.75/ sq. ft. Standard referenced home cost $5,250.00 IRC Code section requirement Single-family homes With Sprinklers Without Sprinklers R313.2. Fire-suppression required $5,250.00 R501.3 Fire protection of floors when I-Joist floor system used (typical construction). (drywall at $1.00/sq..) $0.00 (not required w/sprinklers) $1,000.00 (ceiling on basement ceiling) Code cost estimate $5,250.00 $1,000 Duplex (Two-family homes) With Sprinklers Without Sprinklers R313.2. Fire-suppression required times 2 units $10,500.00 R501.3 Fire protection of floors when I-Joist floor system used (typical construction). (drywall at $1.00/sq. ft.) (basement floor area times 2 units) $0.00 (not required w/sprinklers) $2,000.00 (sheetrock on basement ceiling) R302.2 Walls separating two-family dwellings need to be two- hour rated (2 layers of drywall per each unit) (Standard referenced home common wall. 40 feet deep x 8 feet tall x 3 floors x one additional layer gypsum each unit times 2 units) $1,920 (additional drywall at common wall) Code cost estimate $10,500.00 $3,920 ATTACHMENT 6 1 Townhomes (single-family attached to single-family property line) (each townhome a separate referenced home) With Sprinklers Without Sprinklers R313.2. Fire-suppression required $5,250.00 R501.3 Fire protection of floors when I-Joist floor system used (typical construction). (drywall at $1.00/sq. ft.) $0.00 (not required w/sprinklers) $1,000.00 (sheetrock on basement ceiling) R302.2 Walls separating townhomes need to be two-hour rated (2 layers of drywall per each unit) (Standard referenced home common wall. 40 feet deep x 8 feet tall x 3 floors x one additional layer gypsum per unit) $960.00 (additional drywall at common wall) Code cost estimate $5,250.00 $1,960 2 Community Development & Neighborhood Services 281 North College Avenue P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522.0580 970.416.2740 970.224.6134- fax fcgov.com Planning, Development & Transportation Services Residential Sprinkler Reports NISTIR Report 7451 (reporting period 2002-2005) U.S. Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology Benefit Cost Analysis of Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems Owners of homes with Fire-Suppressions Systems (sprinkler systems) installed benefit from; 1.) Reduction in the risk of civilian fatalities and injuries 2.) Reduction in homeowner’s insurance premiums 3.) Reduction in uninsured direct property loss 4.) Reduction in uninsured indirect cost. Homes equipped with smoke alarms and sprinklers experienced 1.) 100% fewer civilian fatalities 2.) 57% fewer civilian injuries 3.) 32% less direct and indirect property loss verses homes with just smoke alarms. 4.) According to the Insurance Service Office (ISO) insurance premiums were reduced by approximately 8%. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 2006) (reporting period 2002-2005). 1.) There were 296,500 residential fires (one and two-family dwellings) 2.) Causing 10,188 civilian injuries 3.) Causing 2566 civilian deaths 4.) Responsible for $5.3 billion (2005 dollars) in direct residential property loss 5.) No civilian deaths in residential fires when provided with sprinkler systems NISTIR Report 7277 (reporting period 2005) U.S. Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology Economic Analysis of Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems 1.) Using the multi-purpose network into the cold-water plumbing system (2012 International Residential Code (IRC) Section P-2904). The sprinkler system is an extension of the buildings cold-water system and is equivalent to NFPA 13D Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two- family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes. 2.) Labor and material for the sprinkler system only added to the potable water system ranges from $0.48 to $0.57 per square foot, minus overhead and profit. (Local market pricing of $1.25 to $2.00 per square foot has been reported) ATTACHMENT 7 Residential Sprinkler - 2 - The Fire Protection Research Foundation Home Fire Sprinkler Cost Assessment (September 2008) (Updated September 2013 Ft Collins Colorado average $1.55 to $2.32 per square foot) 1.) Using thirty (30) housing floor plans in ten (10) communities, one (1) in Canada and nine (9) throughout the US. Total area sprinkled includes basements, garages, and attics. (2012 IRC P2904 would not require garages and attics to be sprinkled) 2.) The cost range from $0.38 to $3.66 per square foot. The low range represents a California community with long standing ordinance requiring sprinkler systems and some potential for pricing benefits based on volume of homes being sprinkled. The high range represents a Colorado mountain home on well water, using an antifreeze system with copper piping. 3.) The average cost to the builder was $1.49 per square foot. Higher cost per square footage were associated with local requirements for use of copper pipe versus CPVC or PEX plastic piping, on-site water supply versus municipal services, requirements to sprinkle attics and garages, and whether a stand-alone or combination potable water/sprinkler system was used. 4.) Five insurance companies with a market share of the communities surveyed reported a premium discount from 0% to 10% with an average premium discount of 7%. The Fire Protection Research Foundation Home Fire Sprinkler Impact on Fire Injury (October 2012) 1.) The analysis hypothesized that by making smaller fires, sprinklers might reduce the frequency of injuries and the average severity of the injuries. 2.) The model used the impact on injuries per one hundred (100) fires and injury cost per one hundred (100) fires. Cost data included: medical cost, legal and liability cost, cost from lost work time, and pain and suffering cost. Medical cost was evaluated separately from the other items identified as total cost. 3.) Primary results indicate that: a. Sprinkler presence is associated with a 29% reduction in injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires b. Sprinkler presence is associated with a 48% reduction in medical cost (approximately $85,000.00) of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires c. Sprinkler presence is associated with a 40% reduction in total cost (approximately $442,000.00) of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires. 4.) Results by age of victim: a. Children (age 14 and under) a sprinkler presence is associated with: i. A 72% reduction in the number of fire injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires ii. A 85% reduction in medical cost of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires iii. A 78% reduction in total cost of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires. (Children are much less likely to be cooking where a vast majority of small fires begin.) b. Adults (age 15 to 64) a sprinkler presence is associated with: i. A 30% reduction in the number of fire injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires Residential Sprinkler - 3 - ii. A 52% reduction in medical cost of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires iii. A 39% reduction in total cost of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires. c. Older adults (age 65 and older) a sprinkler presence is associated with: i. A 12% increase in the number of fire injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires ii. A 41% reduction in medical cost of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires iii. A 23% reduction in total cost of injuries per one hundred (100) reported fires. (The hypothesis cites that sprinklers make for smaller fires and that a smaller fire may seem easier to fight. Injuries are increased particularly in older adults as it appears that this age group more often attempts fire-fighting efforts.) Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) Residential Fire Sprinkler Activation Report (January 2003 to June 2007) 1.) The Residential Fire Sprinkler Activation project is an on-line data gathering system used by the National Association of State Fire Marshals (NASFM) and the Residential Fire Sprinkler Institute (RFSI). The purpose is to gather current and relevant data pertaining to the activation of residential fire sprinklers, information necessary to assess the performance of these systems in real-life, non-laboratory conditions. 2.) In this reporting period 89 fire departments participated, reporting 556 incidents. 3.) Reporting data: a. 62% of the activations were in multi-family buildings, 17.9% in single family buildings. b. 40.6 % of the activations were in the kitchen with bedrooms second at 14.5% c. Over 60% of the activations were in rooms of less than 150 square feet d. Over 67% of the activations involved just one fast-response sprinkler head e. While 73% of the activation included a smoke detector, only 58% of the detectors operated. f. Over 47% of the incidents estimate dollars saved in the $250,000 range g. Over 57% of the incidents report a dollar loss of under $5,000 FM Global Research Division Environmental Impact of Automatic Fire Sprinklers (March 2010) 1. Two identical structure fire tests, one test included a single fire sprinkler head; the second test had no sprinklers. 2. A single fire event can negate any benefits from “green” construction due to the subsequent carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases generated from burning combustible materials, in addition to the carbon associated with disposal of damaged materials and reconstruction, increasing “lifecycle carbon emission”. 3. The combustible material consumed in the tests was 3% in the sprinklered test and between 62% and 95% in the non-sprinklered test. 4. The use of automatic fire sprinklers reduced the greenhouse gas emissions, consisting of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide by 97%. Residential Sprinkler - 4 - 5. Analysis of the tests indicates that the reduction in water use achieved by using sprinklers could be as much as 91% when extrapolated to a full-sized home. Disaster Safety Residential Fire Sprinklers (August 2012) 1. According to the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA), in 2007, 414,000 residential fires resulted in 2,895 deaths and 14,000 injuries, causing $7.5 billion in property damage. 2. 90% of house fires with sprinkler systems are contained by the operation of a single sprinkler head. 3. In 1992 Prince George’s County in Maryland enacted sprinkler ordinance mandating the installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems in new one- and two-family dwellings. a. A study of Prince George’s ordinance issued in 2009 stated that from 1992-2007 there were 13,494 fires involving single-family homes, resulting in 101 deaths and 328 injuries in non-sprinklered homes. b. No deaths and only 6 injuries in homes with sprinkler systems. c. Since the ordinance went into effect the cost of sprinkler systems have decreased to less than $2.00 per square foot, according to sprinkler installers in the area. 4. Scottsdale Arizona enacted their sprinkler ordinance in 1986 and reported that: a. The average fire loss in in a house with a sprinkler system was $1,544, compared to $11,624 for houses without fire- sprinkler systems. b. The average sprinkler used 357 gallons of water per incident to extinguish the fire, while manual fire-fighting would have equaled 4,884 gallons of water per incident to extinguish the same fires. c. Because sprinklers activate within a few minutes of the ignition, suppression efforts are underway before the arrival of fire department personnel, which can be in the 8-10 minute range. Insurance Service Office (ISO) Overview The Insurance Service Office (ISO) is an independent rating organization that reviews and evaluates a jurisdiction’s building department and code enforcement capabilities. Through a survey, the Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS), ISO evaluates the building codes adopted by the jurisdiction, staffing levels, staff’s credentials, the number of permits issued and inspected, department budget, and population, and with this data assigns the jurisdiction a rating score of 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10 with 10 being the least favorable rating. The rating can then be used by local insurance carriers to help set insurance premium rates for homes and businesses. The philosophy and understanding of the ISO program is that with better code enforcement by a jurisdiction, less building failures are likely, resulting in lower insurance premiums. Fort Collins was evaluated by ISO in early 2008 and at that time received a rating of two (2) for residential and two (2) for commercial, placing Fort Collins within the favorable highest rating bracket, 1-3. At that time the 2009 IRC and its residential sprinkler system requirement was not available for adoption. Since the 2008 ISO survey there have been two editions of the IRC published, both included the residential fire sprinkler provision. ISO has just completed the 2013 survey and review portion of the City’s evaluation. The evaluation and rating, if not amended within a year, will establish a final rating of two (2) for commercial and a three (3) for residential. While the ratings of two (2) for commercial and three (3) for residential keep the City positioned within the most favorable bracket of 1-3, the City now has the opportunity to develop a plan-of-action for reinstating the rating two (2) for residential and submit it to ISO before November 11, 2013. The plan-of-action will outline the proposed steps to be taken by Building Services and establish a timeframe for completion of steps needed to improve the residential rating. The ISO proposed rating of three (3) for residential will not be finalized until such time that the plan-of-action can be implemented by the City and reviewed by ISO later next year 2014. Adoption of the 2012 IRC including the residential fire-sprinkler provisions in part, could elevate the City’s residential rating from (3) to a (2). In any event, the City’s proposed ISO rating of (3) for residential may not have a negative impact on local insurance rates since Fort Collins will remain within the most favorable 1-3 rating bracket. ATTACHMENT 8 2012 International Codes Boards and Commissions Presentations 8/15/2013 Water Board members support for the adoption of the 2012 I-Codes as presented, including the IRC sprinkler provisions, the multi-family sprinkler issue, and the vinyl siding concern. 8/21/2013 Natural Resource Advisory Board members support for the adoption of the 2012 I-Codes as presented, including the IRC sprinkler provisions, the multi-family sprinkler issue, and the vinyl siding concern. 8/22/2013 Commission on Disability members support for the adoption of the 2012 I- Codes as presented, with some support for the IRC sprinkler provisions, the multi-family sprinkler issue, and the vinyl siding concern. 9/5/2013 Affordable Housing Board members support for the adoption of the 2012 I- Codes as presented. Concerns over the cost increase for the single-family sprinklers, support for the multi-family sprinkler issue and the vinyl siding concern. 9/5/2013 Energy Board members support for the adoption of the 2012 I-Codes as presented including the multi-family sprinkler issue and the vinyl siding concern. Board was split on supporting of the single family sprinkler requirements. 9/11/2013 Home Builders Association Northern Colorado members support for the adoption of the 2012 I-Codes as presented including the multi-family sprinkler issue and the vinyl siding concern. The members supported the single-family sprinklers requirements but only in new developments where there could be fewer fire hydrants and narrow streets as a trade-off. The members could support single-family sprinklers if there were a City incentive involved, possibly a reduction in the permit cost or reduction in some other fee to help offset the sprinkler cost. 9/19/2013 Board of Realtors (General member group) members support for the adoption of the 2012 I-Codes as presented including the multi-family sprinkler issue and the vinyl siding concern. The members recognized and appreciated the sustainable aspects of fire- sprinklers but were concerned over the installation costs. 9/26/2013 Building Review Board members support the 2012 I-Codes as presented including the multi-family sprinkler issue and the vinyl siding concern. The members support the IRC sprinkler requirements for new duplexes and new townhomes and would support sprinklers in new single-family homes in new subdivisions where the development was designed around sprinkled homes. 10/1/2013 Poudre Fire Authority Board 10/2/2013 Code Review Committee members (final meeting) voted to support the IRC fire sprinkler requirement in duplexes and townhomes with an effective date of July 1, ATTACHMENT 9 2014. Members support the single family detached dwelling sprinkler requirement in new developments where the design and planning incorporate fire sprinklers in each new home while considering narrower streets or fewer hydrants. Members voted to support that IBC multi-family buildings be provided with NFPA 13 fire suppression systems and approved the deletion of all vinyl siding on new buildings. 10/4/2013 Planning and Zoning 10/8/2013 Board of Realtors (Government affairs group) 10/21/2013 Air Quality Advisory Board 1 1 Fort Collins City Council Work Session October 22, 2013 2012 International Codes Michael Gebo, Chief Building Official Community Development & Neighborhood Services 2 Purpose of Discussion Introducing the 2012 International Codes and proposed amendments 2012 International Building Code (IBC) 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) 2012 International Mechanical Code (IMC) 2012 International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) ATTACHMENT 10 2 3 Replacing Current Codes 2009 International Building Code (IBC) 2009 International Residential Code (IRC) 2009 International Mechanical Code (IMC) 2009 International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) (Adopted October 2010) 4 Executive Summary • 2012 International Codes: – Represent the most up-to-date building codes, – Establish minimum construction standards to safeguard the public health, safety and welfare, – Regulating structural strength and stability, sanitation, light and ventilation, energy conservation, and property protection. 3 5 General Direction Sought • Does Council have any construction related concerns or new ideas not proposed to be addressed? • Does Council wish to adopt the fire sprinkler provisions of the 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) in its entirety or by type of structure; duplex and townhomes with implementation on July 1, 2014? • Does Council concur with the adopting timeline of January 2014? 6 Background • 2012 I-Codes are published by the International Code Council (ICC), on a three-year cycle. • City adoption of the most up-to-date construction standards has been an ongoing process since 1924. 4 7 Background 2012 I-Code review committee: – Front Range construction professionals, – Started review in August 2012, – Evaluated significant changes and local amendments, – Voted Oct 2013 to support the 2012 I-Codes. 8 2012 International Building Code Key discussion topics proposed amendments: – Changes to fire-sprinkler systems in multi- family requiring attics to be protected, – Elimination of vinyl siding products, – Require construction waste and recycling on remodels and establish recycling policy for demolitions. 5 9 Fire-Sprinklers National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Fire-sprinkler systems: – NFPA 13 – NFPA 13R (IBC Key Topic) – NFPA 13D – IRC P2904 (IRC Key Topic) 10 Multi-Family Concerns Current code: – Fire-sprinklers of NFPA 13R, attics not required to be sprinkled – Vinyl siding materials allowed. Proposed amendment: – Require NFPA 13 sprinklers, attics would be fire-sprinkled – Dis-allow the use of vinyl siding city-wide. 6 11 Vinyl Siding Buffalo Run 12 Vinyl Siding Buffalo Run 7 13 Attic Not Sprinkled 14 Buffalo Run Example Multi-family proposed changes 12 units, floor area 12,000 square feet – NFPA 13R @ $2.00 per sq. ft. $24,000.00 – NFPA 13 @ $2.75 per sq. ft. $33,000.00 Exterior wall area 7,200 square feet – Vinyl Siding $0.84 per sq. ft. $6,048.00 – Hardboard Siding $1.25 per sq. ft. $9,000.00 8 15 Buffalo Run Example Multi-family proposed changes Cost increase estimate: – NFPA 13 fire sprinkler $9,000.00 – Hardboard siding $2,950.00. Total estimate increase = $11,952.00 – Approximately $1,000.00 per dwelling. Fire damage estimate $400,000.00-$500,000.00. 16 Construction Waste (Commercial and Residential) Key discussion topics proposed amendments: – Require a Construction Waste Management Plan for remodel and additions over 2,500 square feet, – Establish recycling protocols on buildings being demolished. 9 17 2012 International Residential Code Key discussion topics proposed amendments: – Fire-sprinklers required in new duplex and new townhomes, effective July1, 2014, – Require construction waste and recycling on remodels and establish recycling policy for demolitions, – Elimination of vinyl siding products. 18 2012 International Residential Code Key discussion topic; IRC requirement regarding fire-sprinklers in new single-family detached: – Not supported at this time, – New subdivisions: • Could be designed with fire-sprinklers, • Requires design review by numerous City departments. 10 19 Residential Fire-Suppression Systems IRC P2904 Key discussion topic; Duplex and Townhome, – P2904 Combination System, $1.50 - $1.75 per square foot of floor area – Extension of the home’s cold water system – Installed by licensed plumbers – Can not be subject to freezing – System failure no more or no less than any cold water system – Installed so water continually flows. 20 IRC if Not Sprinkled ICC philosophy is to extinguish fires by suppression. Without suppression, control fires by fire-resistant construction. – Under floor systems to be protected with sheetrock (additional $1,00/ sq. ft. of ceiling area) – Fire rating of walls separating units increases to two-hour (additional $1,00/ sq. ft. x area of wall two sides) 11 21 Fire-Sprinklers Sustainability No loss of life and fewer injuries in fire-sprinkled dwellings. Significantly less property damage equals: – Less burned materials in landfill – Less resources in equipment and water – Less carbon emissions – Less cost to repair – Less time that dwelling is out of service 22 IRC Sprinkler Adopted Fire-sprinklers required per IRC in new single-family, duplex and townhomes: Boulder County Westminster Golden Federal Heights Cherry Hills Village Snowmass Village 12 23 IRC Sprinkler Adopted Fire-sprinklers required per IRC in new townhomes Morgan County Greeley Colorado Springs Castle Pines Grand County 24 IRC Sprinkler Adopted IRC sprinkler provisions adopted then rescinded City and County Denver Centennial Thornton Lone Tree Rifle Glenwood Springs Garfield County Longmont 13 25 2012 International Residential Code Proposed amendments, non-controversial : – Basement window well drain systems, – Egress window sill heights raised to prevent falling, – Prescriptive insulation requirements in electrically heated homes. 26 2012 International Mechanical Code Proposed amendments, non-controversial : – Mechanical ductwork to be located inside the building envelope, – Clarifications to whole-dwelling unit ventilation systems, – Clarification on testing of HVAC equipment. 14 27 2012 International Fuel Gas Code Proposed amendments, non-controversial : – Gas cooking appliances in dwellings require exhaust systems vented to outside, – Safety shut-off controls on outdoor decorative appliances. 28 2012 International Energy Conservation Energy code basics: – Improves efficiency by 12%-18% over current 2009 IECC, – Increases wall insulation R-Values, – Increases attic insulation R-Values. 15 29 2012 International Energy Conservation Proposed amendments, non-controversial : – Prescriptive insulation requirements in electrically heated buildings, – Clarifications on attic insulation at eaves, – Improving ductwork insulation. 30 Benefits of 2012 I-Codes • Front Range support for residential fire-sprinkler systems increased since 2009, • Energy efficiency improvements over 2009, • Possibly positive effect on Fort Collins’ ISO rating, • Improves Green Code Amendments of 2012 – now known as local amendments, • Aligns “core” codes under single edition year. 16 31 Public Outreach Water Board August 15, 2013 Natural Resource Advisory August 21, 2013 Commission on Disability August 22, 2013 Affordable Housing Sept. 5, 2013 Energy Board Sept. 5, 2013 Home Builders Assoc. Sept. 11, 2013 Building Review Board Sept. 26, 2013 Planning and Zoning Oct. 4, 2013 Board of Realtors Oct. 8, 2013 Air Quality Oct. 21, 2013 32 Public Comments Overall support for the five core 2012 International Codes. General support to: – Require fire-sprinklers in new duplexes and new townhomes effective July 1, 2014. – Require NFPA 13 fire-suppression system in new multi-family buildings. – Disallow use of vinyl siding on new buildings. 17 33 Public Comments Concerns Some support to: – Fire-sprinklers in new single-family in new developments planned and designed around fire-sprinklers. Some concern that: – The proposed energy codes may have reached a point of diminished returns, – Cost increases affecting the construction industry and affordable housing. 34 General Direction Sought • Does Council have any construction related concerns or new ideas not proposed to be addressed? • Does Council wish to adopt the fire sprinkler provisions of the 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) in its entirety or by type of structure; duplex and townhomes with implementation on July 1, 2014? • Does Council concur with the adopting timeline of January 2014? 18 35 2012 I-Codes Introduction Thank You