HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 01/19/2010 - ITEMS RELATING TO NET METERED ELECTRIC SERVICE AND DATE: January 19, 2010
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STAFF: Steve Catanach • ' • •
Items Relating to Net Metered Electric Service and Interconnection Standards of Electric Generation Facilities to the
Fort Collins Electric Distribution System.
A. Hearing and First Reading of Ordinance No. 003, 2010, Amending Chapter 26, Article VI of the City Code
Relating to Net Metered Electric Service.
B. Hearing and First Reading of Ordinance No. 004, 2010, Adopting Standards for Interconnection of Electric
Generation Facilities to the Fort Collins Electric Distribution System.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The proposed net metering rate and interconnection standards have been developed with the goal of establishing rates
and standards that encourage and facilitate the installation of renewable generation within our community.
As requested, staff is proposing net metering language that establishes limits similar to those established by the
Colorado Legislature through Colorado Revised Statute§40-2-124,and subsequently by the Colorado Public Utilities
Commission (PUC)for customers served by investor owned utilities. The PUC has established net metering limits at
120%of annual consumption. The PUC also enacted language limiting the installation to the capacity of the service
entrance.
The proposed interconnection standards have been developed to support the adoption of a net metering rate that
enables customers to install renewable generation capable of supplying up to 120% of their annual kilowatt-hour
consumption. The standards define the requirements of the connection between the utility and the customer's
generator to insure a safe connection that protects the distribution system,adjacent customers,the generator and the
customer.
BACKGROUND / DISCUSSION
At the May 19, 2009, Fort Collins City Council meeting, Council adopted on First Reading, a net metering ordinance.
However, at that meeting, Council asked staff to add language that more clearly defined generation limits. On June
2,2009, Council tabled the Second Reading of a proposed net metering rate ordinance. Prior to the Council meeting
on June 2, 2009, Council expressed a desire to adopt net metering levels similar to those that were adopted by the
State of Colorado through C.R.S. §40-2-124. The PUC set limits at 120% of consumption in the Colorado Code of
Regulations§723-3-3664. Consideration of the net metering rate ordinance was postponed to allow staff to develop
interconnection standards that would define interconnection requirements specific to the Fort Collins distribution
system and define settings that considered the level of potential generation defined in C.R.S. §40-2-124. Staff is
presenting the attached optional net metering language and interconnection standards for City Council consideration.
The specific language as adopted by the PUC in response to C.R.S. §40-2-124 is provided below:
3664. Net Metering.
(a) All investor owned QRUs (Qualified Retail Utility) shall allow the customer's retail electricity
consumption to be offset by the electricity generated from eligible energy resources on the customer's
side of the meter that are interconnected with the QRU, provided that the generating capacity of the
customer's facility meets the following two criteria:
(1) The generator shall be sized to supply no more than 120 percent of the customer's average
annual electricity consumption at that site, where the site includes all contiguous property
January 19, 2010 -2- ITEM 14
owned or leased by the consumer, without regard to interruptions in contiguity caused by
easements, public thoroughfares, transportation rights-of-way, or utility rights-of-way; and
(II) The rated capacity of the generator does not exceed the customer's service entrance
capacity.
Staff is proposing adoption of the same limits as defined in (1) and (II) above.
Staff has developed and is proposing adoption of the Standards for Interconnection of Electric Generation Facilities
to the Fort Collins Electric Distribution System (the "Standards"). The Standards provide a guideline for customers
who want to connect a generator to the Fort Collins electrical distribution system. The Standards have been developed
to enable connection of different types of electric generation, including inverter based, such as solar photovoltaic and
small wind generation, induction and synchronous generators. The Standards insure a safe connection that protects
the customer,the generator,adjacent customers and the distribution system. Additionally,the Standards facilitate the
installation of distributed generators by providing clear requirements to customers.
Historically, Light and Power has applied the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 1547
as the guideline for existing interconnection requirements. In order to maximize the level of distributed generation on
the system and ensure the continued safe operation of the system,Light and Power staff worked with NEI Engineering,
specifically Dr. Keith Malmedal and Dr. P.K. Sen, to develop interconnection standards specific to the Fort Collins
distribution system.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
The proposed net metering rate requires Fort Collins Utilities to purchase excess annual kilowatt-hour production
generated by the customer's generator at the customer's retail energy rate. As the number and size of net metered
customers grows, the financial impact the rate is having on Light and Power revenues will need to be reviewed.
Currently the City has less than 50 net metered customers and has made payment to two.
SUSTAINABILITY: ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The overarching goal in the development of the net metering rate and the Standards is to develop rates and standards
that facilitate the installation of renewable generation in the community. The intent of providing net metering to
customers is to ensure that customers are given the full value for the energy generated and are allowed credit for any
excess energy generated. Ensuring that customers can obtain the maximum value from the utility towards their
investment in renewable generation encourages installation. This benefits both the customer and the environment.
Approximately 1.61 pounds of CO2 are avoided for each kilowatt-hour saved.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the adoption of the net metering rate setting the maximum qualified generation to 120% of
consumption, not exceed the capacity of the customer's service entrance. Staff also recommends adoption of the
Standards.
BOARD / COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION
At its November 9,2009 meeting,the Electric Board voted unanimously to recommend adoption ofthe Interconnection
Standards for Generating Facilities to the Fort Collins distribution system, along with the recommendation to adopt
the option proposed net metering limits, setting the maximum generation to 120 percent of consumption, but not to
exceed the capacity of the customer's service entrance.
January 19, 2010 -3- ITEM 14
At its January 6, 2010 meeting, the Electric Board reviewed the net metering ordinance language and voted
unanimously to recommend adoption of Ordinance No. 004, 2010. Minutes from the January 6, 2010 Electric Board
meeting will be provided to Council before the January 19, 2010 meeting.
PUBLIC OUTREACH
Staff provided draft copies of the interconnection standards to local solar installers and installation instructors for
comment. Comments were incorporated into the Standards.
On December 18, 2009, the Fort Collins Utilities mailed 244 notifications to out-of-City customers, notifying them of
the proposed changes to the Utility's rate code, and making them aware of the time and date of the City Council
meeting when the changes would be considered. Public notice of the changes and of the time and date they would
be considered was published in the Coloradoan on December 20, 2009.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Electric Board minutes, November 9, 2009
2. PowerPoint presentation
ATTACHMENT 1
Excerpt from approved November 9,2009 Electric Board Minutes
Interconnection Standards
Light and Power Manager Steve Catanach sought feedback about the interconnection
standards information shared with the Board at the October 7 meeting. The intent as these
standards and net metering are moved forward is to position ourselves for installation of
the maximum allowable amount of renewable resources in the community. These
standards insure we're operating safely and that we understand the maximum allowable
for our specific system. Mr. Catanach expressed confidence the standards have been
accurately identified. As the implementation of smart grid technology commences, and
better, more intelligent information on operating the system becomes available, our
ability to manage a higher level of renewables on the system is enhanced.
Public feedback from local solar installers and installation instructors was sought during
this process and will be incorporated in an updated version to be sent out at a future time.
The following recommendations were received from this group:
• Periodic maintenance tests (7.2)—consultant felt these were typical
requirements. Under a megawatt, there is no requirement for such tests.
• The 120 percent (prior year/annual) consumption model is unique to investor-
owned utilities in Colorado. There was general concensus that neither the 120
percent of energy consumption nor the 125 percent of peak demand limit to
the amount of net metering would deter the size of installations, because the
costs of such large systems would be prohibitive for many years. The 120
percent of consumption limit was preferred at this time, because it matched
the common limit in Colorado and would thus avoid confusion with
consumers.
• Recommendation to eliminate the disconnect switch. If the disconnect
requirement is eliminated, staff will bring back to the Board.
Motion:
Board Member Wolley moved the Electric Board recommend to City Council to
adopt the Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities (GF) to the Fort
Collins distribution system, along with the recommendation to adopt the optional
proposed Net Metering limits, setting the maximum generation to 120 percent of
consumption, but not to exceed the capacity of the customer's service entrance.
Board Member Bihn seconded the motion.
A vote was taken, and it passed unanimously.
Net Metering
Steve Catanach , PE
Light & Power Manager
Net metering
Ordinance History
ATTACHMENT 2
• May 19 , 2009 - Adopted on 1St reading
• June 2 , 2009 , - Requested to mirror levels established for the
investor owned utilities in the State .
— State levels at 120% of consumption or service entrance
size
— Staff requested time to develop interconnection standards
that anticipated requirements for generation sized to provide
120 % of consumption .
Net metering
• Net metering is only required for "eligible energy
resources"
• Examples :
» Solar
» Fuel Cell
» Wind
» Geothermal
» Combined Heat & Power
» Biomass
F�t\ [ins
Net metering
• The Net metering ordinance defines how energy
produced by a customers qualifying renewable
resource will be handled financially
• Compensation for " netted " customer generation
■ For amounts offset from the customers
consumption - the payment is effectively at the
customers retail rate
F�t_f
7kW plant I -
Month , Bill kWh Use kWh Gen ' Net New Bill
Jan ■� 52.53 748 756 '■ (8) 1 $ 3.91
Month
Feb ■� 55.59 795 715 ���. $ 9.13
Mar $ 45.43
Apr $ 40.17 558 849 (291 ) �� $ 3.91
May $ 37.95 524 885 (361 ) $ 3.91
Jun $ 43.79 614 883 (269) $ 3.91
Jul $ 55.69 797 898 (101 ) $ 3.91
Aug $ 59.00 848 903 (55) $ 3.91
Sep $ 52.08 741 871 (130) $ 3.91
Oct $ 40.22 559 848 (289) � $ 3.91
Dec $ 53.07 756 710 '�, $ 6.87
Totals $ 578.27 8, 177 9,893 (1 ,716) 55. 10
Net metering
If generation exceeds customer consumption , "excess
generation " carried forward for annual period .
— Recommendation is April through March to cover
seasonal differences .
• Compensation for "cash out" amounts :
— Recommendation is compensation at the retail
energy rate .
F�t\ [ins
Interconnection Standards
• Developed with the assistance of NEI Engineering
• Modeled after the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) standard 1547
• IEEE Standard adapted to address specifics related
to Fort Collins system .
99 % underground system
» Renewable generation
» Significant parallel generation
» FortZED — RDSI project
F�t_ [tins
ORDINANCE NO . 0031 2010
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
AMENDING CHAPTER 26, ARTICLE VI OF THE CODE OF THE CITY OF FORT
COLLINS RELATING TO NET METERED ELECTRIC SERVICE
WHEREAS , new forms of renewable energy are routinely becoming available to the City ' s
electric utility customers as well as the City; and
WHEREAS , in 2005 , the City developed a pilot net metering service program designed to
allow customers who meet certain requirements to generate renewable energy and to use that energy
to reduce the amount of energy they purchase from the City; and
WHEREAS , the City currently has approximately 40 approved customers receiving net
metering service; and
WHEREAS , Colorado Revised Statutes, Section 40-2- 124 requires each municipally owned
utility in the state of Colorado to allow a customer-generator' s retail electricity consumption to be
offset by the electricity generated from eligible energy resources on the customer-generator' s side
of the meter for such generator' s that are interconnections with the facilities of the municipal utility;
and
WHEREAS , staff believes that the City should offer net metering service beyond the
minimum threshold set by the State statute and offer such service to its customers at limits consistent
with those established by the Colorado Public Utilities Commission; and
WHEREAS , in view of the fact that the City Council recognizes and places high value on
the viability of the City ' s electric utility and on allowing City property owners to provide electric
service to their own properties under certain conditions, the Council has determined that the
amendments accomplished by this Ordinance are in the best interests of the City.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT
COLLINS as follows :
Section 1 . That Section 26-391 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
by the deletion of the definition of "IEEE 1547" in its entirety as follows :
fEEE i547 shall mean the fntemational Electric and Electronic
Standard f 547 for interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Powel-
Systems as approved in June 2003 .
Section 2 . That the definition of "Parallel generation" contained in Section 26-391of
the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended to read as follows :
Parallel generation shall mean the operation of qualifying facilities when
interconnected with the utility system in accordance with the provisions of this
Chapter, the electric utility rules and regulations, and the fEEE 1547City of Fort
Collins Utility Services Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities
Connected to the Fort Collins Distribution System.
Section 3 . That the definition of"Qualifyingfacility" contained in Section 26-391 of the
Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended to read as follows :
Qualifying facility shall mean an electric-generating facility operated in
parallel with the City of Fort Collins electric distribution system that has been
inspected for compliance with the fEEE f 547City of Fort Collins Utility Services
Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities Connected to the Fort Collins
Distribution System, has been issued a "Permit to Operate" by the City, and is
operated under a valid "Interconnection Agreement" with the City of Fort Collins.
Section 4 . That Section 26-391 of the Code ofthe City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
by the addition of a new definition "Net metering service" which reads in its entirety as follows :
Net metering service shall mean that service available to a customer-
generator operating a qualifying facility that is interconnected to the electric utility
so that any electric energy generated by the qualifying facility in excess of that used
by the qualifying facility is delivered to the electric utility system and used to offset
metered energy received by the customer-generator during the billing period.
Section 5 . That Section 26-464 ofthe Code ofthe City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows :
Sec. 26-464. Residential energy service, schedule R.
(j ) Parallel generation. Operation or connection of any electric generator in parallel
with the utility system is not permitted under this schedule unless authorized by the
General Manager. See appropriate alternate schedules for this service . If a customer
is receiving net metering service, such customer' s service shall also be governed by
the net metering service terms and conditions described in subsection (o) below.
(o) Net metering.
( 1 ) Net metering service is available to a customer-generator producing electric
energy exclusively with a qualifying facility when the generating capacity of
the customer-generator' s qualifying facility meets the following two criteria:
(a) the qualifying facility is sized to supply no more than one hundred
twenty ( 120) percent of the customer-generator' s average annual
electricity consumption at that site, including all contiguous property
-2-
owned or leased by the customer-generator, without regard to
interruptions in contiguity caused by easements, public
thoroughfares , transportation rights-of-way, or utility rights-of-way;
and
(b) the rated capacity of the qualifying facility does not exceed the
customer-generator' s service entrance capacity.
(2) The energy generated by an on-site qualifying facility and delivered to the
utility' s electric distribution facility shall be used to offset energy provided
by the utility to the customer-generator during the applicable billing period.
(3 ) The customer-generator and electric service arrangements shall be subject to
the requirements and conditions described in the City of Fort Collins Utility
Services Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities Connected to
the Fort Collins Distribution System.
(4) A customer-generator who receives approval from the electric utility to
obtain net metering service shall be subject to the monthly rates described
above in this rate schedule section.
(5 ) The customer-generator' s consumption of energy from the utility shall be
measured on a monthly basis and in the event that the qualifying facility has
produced more electricity than the customer-generator has consumed, the
customer-generator shall receive a monthly credit for such production.
During the second calendar quarter of each year, the customer-generator shall
receive payment for the net excess generation accrued for the preceding
twelve ( 12) months .
Section 6 . That Section 26-465 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows :
Sec. 26-465. Residential demand service, schedule RD.
(k) Parallel generation. Customers may operate all or part of their instantaneous
energy or capacity needs by operation of a qualifying facility in parallel with the
utility system, provided that electric service is being rendered under the special
services provisions of this schedule, and provided further that such facility is
constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the
electric service rules and regulations . If a customer is receiving net metering service,
such customer' s service shall also be governed by the net metering service terms and
conditions described in subsection (q) below.
-3 -
(q) Net metering.
( 1 ) Net metering service is available to a customer-generator producing electric
energy exclusively with a qualifying facility when the generating capacity of
the customer-generator' s qualifying facility meets the following two criteria:
(a) the qualifying facility is sized to supply no more than one hundred
twenty ( 120) percent of the customer-generator' s average annual
electricity consumption at that site, including all contiguous property
owned or leased by the customer-generator, without regard to
interruptions in contiguity caused by easements , public
thoroughfares , transportation rights-of-way, or utility rights-of-way;
and
(b) the rated capacity of the qualifying facility does not exceed the
customer-generator' s service entrance capacity.
(2) The energy generated by an on- site qualifying facility and delivered to the
utility' s electric distribution facility shall be used to offset energy provided
by the utility to the customer-generator during the applicable billing period.
(3 ) The customer-generator and electric service arrangements shall be subject to
the requirements and conditions described in the City of Fort Collins Utility
Services Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities Connected to
the Fort Collins Distribution System.
(4) A customer-generator who receives approval from the electric utility to
obtain net metering service shall be subject to the monthly rates described
above in this rate schedule section.
(5 ) The customer-generator' s consumption of energy from the utility shall be
measured on a monthly basis and in the event that the qualifying facility has
produced more electricity than the customer-generator has consumed, the
customer-generator shall receive a monthly credit for such production.
During the second calendar quarter of each year, the customer-generator shall
receive payment for the net excess generation accrued for the preceding
twelve ( 12) months .
Section 7 . That Section 26-466 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows :
Sec. 26466. General service, schedule GS.
-4-
(m) Parallel generation. Customers may operate all or part of their instantaneous
energy or capacity needs by operation of a qualifying facility in parallel with the
utility system, provided that electric service is being rendered under the special
services provisions of this schedule, and provided further that such facility is
constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the
electric service rules and regulations . If a customer is receiving net metering service,
such customer' s service shall also governed by the net metering service terms and
conditions described in subsection (r) below.
(r) Net metering.
( 1 ) Net metering service is available to a customer-generator producing electric
energy exclusively with a qualifying facility when the generating capacity of
the customer-generator' s qualifying facility meets the following two criteria:
(a) the qualifying facility is sized to supply no more than one hundred
twenty ( 120) percent of the customer-generator' s average annual
electricity consumption at that site, including all contiguous property
owned or leased by the customer-generator, without regard to
interruptions in contiguity caused by easements , public
thoroughfares , transportation rights-of-way, or utility rights-of-way;
and
(b) the rated capacity of the qualifying facility does not exceed the
customer-generator' s service entrance capacity.
(2) The energy generated by an on- site qualifying facility and delivered to the
utility' s electric distribution facility shall be used to offset energy provided
by the utility to the customer-generator during the applicable billing period.
(3 ) The customer-generator and electric service arrangements shall be subject to
the requirements and conditions described in the City of Fort Collins Utility
Services Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities Connected to
the Fort Collins Distribution System.
(4) A customer-generator who receives approval from the electric utility to
obtain net metering service shall be subject to the monthly rates described
above in this rate schedule section.
(5 ) The customer-generator' s consumption of energy from the utility shall be
measured on a monthly basis and in the event that the qualifying facility has
produced more electricity than the customer-generator has consumed, the
customer-generator shall receive a monthly credit for such production.
-5 -
During the second calendar quarter of each year, the customer-generator shall
receive payment for the net excess generation accrued for the preceding
twelve ( 12) months .
Section 8 . That Section 26-467 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows :
Sec. 26467. General service 50, schedule GS50.
(p) Parallel generation. Customers may operate all or part of their instantaneous
energy or capacity needs by operation of a qualifying facility in parallel with the
utility system, provided that electric service is being rendered under the special
services provisions of this schedule, and provided further that such facility is
constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the
electric service rules and regulations . Parallel generation will be provided consistent
with all of the requirements contained in Platte
River Power Authority' s Tariff Schedule 3 : Parallel Generation Purchases, as may
be amended from time to time, or other applicable provisions of Platte River power
. All charges incurred by the utility under this tariff will be billed
to the customer. If a customer is receiving net metering service, such customer' s
service shall also be governed by the net metering service terms and conditions
described in subsection (u) below.
(u) Net metering.
( 1 ) Net metering service is available to a customer-generator producing electric
energy exclusively with a qualifying facility when the generating capacity of
the customer-generator' s qualifying facility meets the following two criteria:
(a) the qualifying facility is sized to supply no more than one hundred
twenty ( 120) percent of the customer-generator' s average annual
electricity consumption at that site, including all contiguous property
owned or leased by the customer-generator, without regard to
interruptions in contiguity caused by easements , public
thoroughfares , transportation rights-of-way, or utility rights-of-way;
and
(b) the rated capacity of the qualifying facility does not exceed the
customer-generator' s service entrance capacity.
(2) The energy generated by an on-site qualifying facility and delivered to the
utility ' s electric distribution facility shall be used to offset energy provided
-6-
by the utility to the customer-generator during the applicable billing period.
(3 ) The customer-generator and electric service arrangements shall be subject to
the requirements and conditions described in the City of Fort Collins Utility
Services Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities Connected to
the Fort Collins Distribution System.
(4) A customer-generator who receives approval from the electric utility to
obtain net metering service shall be subject to the monthly rates described
above in this rate schedule section.
(5 ) The customer-generator' s consumption of energy from the utility shall be
measured on a monthly basis and in the event that the qualifying facility has
produced more electricity than the customer-generator has consumed, the
customer-generator shall receive a monthly credit for such production.
During the second calendar quarter of each year, the customer-generator shall
receive payment for the net excess generation accrued for the preceding
twelve ( 12) months .
Section 9 . That Section 26-468 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows :
Sec. 26-468 . General service 750, schedule GS750.
(p) Parallel generation. Customers may operate all or part of their instantaneous
energy or capacity needs by operation of a qualifying facility in parallel with the
utility system, provided that electric service is being rendered under the special
services provisions of the schedule, and provided further that such facility is
constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the
electric service rules and regulations . Parallel generation in excess of one ( 1 )
megawatt will be provided consistent with all of the requirements contained in Platte
River Power Authority ' s Tariff Schedule 3 : Parallel Generation Purchases, as
amended from time to time tinder the terms and conditions of Platte River Powe
' -- Schedule f 0 . Back-Up . All charges incurred by the
utility under this tariff will be billed to the customer. If a customer is receiving net
metering service, such customer' s service shall also be governed by the net metering
service terms and conditions described in subsection (v) below.
(v) Net metering.
-7-
( 1 ) Net metering service is available to a customer-generator producing electric
energy exclusively with a qualifying facility when the generating capacity of
the customer-generator' s qualifying facility meets the following two criteria:
(a) the qualifying facility is sized to supply no more than one hundred
( 120) percent of the customer-generator' s average annual electricity
consumption at that site, including all contiguous property owned or
leased by the customer-generator, without regard to interruptions in
contiguity caused by easements, public thoroughfares, transportation
rights-of-way, or utility rights-of-way; and
(b) the rated capacity of the qualifying facility does not exceed the
customer-generator' s service entrance capacity.
(2) The energy generated by an on-site qualifying facility and delivered to the
utility' s electric distribution facility shall be used to offset energy provided
by the utility to the customer-generator during the applicable billing period.
(3 ) The customer-generator and electric service arrangements shall be subject to
the requirements and conditions described in the City of Fort Collins Utility
Services Interconnection Standards for Generating Facilities Connected to
the Fort Collins Distribution System.
(4) A customer-generator who receives approval from the electric utility to
obtain net metering service shall be subject to the monthly rates described
above for this rate schedule .
(5 ) The customer-generator' s consumption of energy from the utility shall be
measured on a monthly basis and in the event that the qualifying facility has
produced more electricity than the customer-generator has consumed, the
customer-generator shall receive a monthly credit for such production.
During the second calendar quarter of each year, the customer-generator shall
receive payment for the net excess generation accrued for the preceding
twelve ( 12) months .
-8-
Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published this 19th day of
January, A.D . 2010, and to be presented for final passage on the 2nd day of February, A.D . 2010 .
Mayor
ATTEST :
City Clerk
Passed and adopted on final reading on the 2nd day of February, A . D . 2010 .
Mayor
ATTEST :
City Clerk
-9-
ORDINANCE NO. 004, 2010
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
ADOPTING STANDARDS FOR INTERCONNECTION OF
ELECTRIC GENERATION FACILITIES TO THE FORT COLLINS
ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WHEREAS, in view of the fact that the City Council recognizes and places high value on
the viability of the City's electric utility and on allowing City property owners to provide electric
service to their own properties under certain conditions; and
WHEREAS, the connection of customer-owned generating facilities to the Fort Collins
electric distribution system entails complex technical and safety issues; and
WHEREAS, staff believes that requiring customers and their generating facilities to meet
certain terms and conditions will serve to protect the viability and safe operation of the Fort Collins
electric distribution system; and
WHEREAS, staff has worked with a consultant to develop certain Standards for
Interconnection of Electric Generation Facilities to the Fort Collins Electric Distribution System(the
"Standards"),a copy of which is attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference as Exhibit
"A"; and
WHEREAS,on November 9,2009,the Fort Collins Electric Board reviewed and considered
proposed standards in a form substantially similar to those contained in Exhibit "A" and voted
unanimously to recommend that the City Council adopt such standards; and
WHEREAS, modifications made to the standards presented to the Electric Board are
reflected in Exhibit "A" and include corrections of typographical errors, some corrections to
mathematical equations and revisions suggested by citizen comments; and
WHEREAS, the adoption of the Standards will protect the viability and security of the Fort
Collins electric distribution system, promote safety of electric service customers, staff, and
interconnected generators, and establish baseline technical requirements for interconnection.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT
COLLINS as follows:
Section 1. That adoption ofthe Standards is necessaryto encourage Cityproperty owners
to provide electric service to their own properties under certain conditions.
Section 2. That adoption of the Standards is necessary to protect the viability of the Fort
Collins electric distribution system.
Section 3. That adoption of the Standards is necessary to promote safety of electric
service customers, staff, and interconnected generators.
Section 4. That the Standards are hereby approved and adopted.
Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published this 19th day of
January, A.D. 2010, and to be presented for final passage on the 2nd day of February, A.D. 2010.
Mayor
ATTEST:
City Clerk
Passed and adopted on final reading on the 2nd day of February, A.D. 2010.
{
Mayor
ATTEST:
City Clerk
Exhibit A
Colty of
ort Collmins
41000
utility
Services
INTERCONNECTION STANDARDS
FOR GENERATING FACILITIES ( GF ) CONNECTED TO
THE FORT COLLINS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
,t
rn
ri +r �7
January 2010Novemhor 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2
1 . 1 SCOPE AND INTENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1 .2 SYSTEM PHASE AND VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1 .3 SYSTEM RECLOSING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1 .4 ISLANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 .5 SYNCHRONIZING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 .6 IMPROPER OPERATION OF THE GF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 .7 SYSTEM CAPACITY LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 .8 SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.0 STANDARDS AND A f'D ISDEFINITIONS ........................................................................................... 4
2 . 1 STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 .2 DEFINITIONS AA " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.0 GF EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ........... #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ea 6
3 . 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 .2 INTERCONNECTION DISCONNECT SWITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 .3 DEDICATED TRANSFORMER AND ADDITIONAL PRIMARY PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 .4 INTERRUPTING DEVICES REQUIRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 .5 SYSTEM PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 .6 MOMENTARY PARALLELING GENERATION FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.0 FACILITY GROUNDING ......................................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...................................... .. .. .. ... 11
4 . 1 EQUIPMENT BONDING CONDUCTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 .2 SURGE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 . 3 SYSTEM GROUNDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.0 PREVENTION OF INTERFERENCE AND UNACCEPTABLE OPERATING CONDITIONS ............ . 13
5 . 1 VOLTAGE REGULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5 .2 SYSTEM VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 .3 SYSTEM FREQUENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 .4 SYNCHRONIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 .5 FLICKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 .6 HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5 .7 POWER FACTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.0 MONITORING PROVISIONS......................................................................................................................... 17
6. 1 METERING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2 MONITORING AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.0 TESTING ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
7. 1 COMMISSIONING TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7 .2 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7 .3 QUALIFIED PERSONNEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.0 DESIGN CHANGES .......................................................................................................................................... 19
9.0 LIABILITY AND INSURANCE.................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.21
APPENDIX A-TYPICAL ONE-LINE INDUCTION GENERATOR BETWEEN 50KW AND 100KW .................... 21
APPENDIX B-TYPICAL ONE-LINE INVERTER CONNECTED GENERATOR G°�oBELOW 1000KW. .. 22
APPENDIX C-TYPICAL ONE-LINE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR 50KW AND ABOVE ................................ 23
APPENDIX D-TYPICAL ONE-LINE INDUCTION GENERATOR LARGER THAN 10OKW ................................ 24
APPENDIX E-TYPICAL ONE-LINE INVERTER CONNECTED GENERATOR LARGER THAN 1000KW ...... 25
1 . 0 Scope and General Requirements
1 . 1 Scope and Intent
The requirements contained in this document apply to all generation sources connected to the FCU
distribution system 5MW and below at any one location . Any and all connections to the FCU
distribution system and any aspect of such connection are subject to FCU review and such
connections shall not be permitted if FrU rhos not approve +horr, unless, approved by FCU . The
operation and design of any GF must meet all of the requirements contained in this document, any
written agreement between FCU and the Operator, as well as any applicable requirements contained
in Chapter 26 of the Fort Collins Municipal Code and Fort Collins Utilities Electric Service Rules and
Regulations .
Any location where the aggregate total generation exceeds 5MW may require additional study by
FCU . This study will consider the specific feeder where the GF is proposed to be connected . If the
addition of any GF causes the total amount of generation by all sources on that feeder to exceed
50% of the minimum load on that feeder, additional study by FCU is required and the requirements
produced as a result of that study may exceed those in thethis document. If the GF source to be
added is highly variable such as wind or solar, and the total amount of wind or solar generation by all
sources on that feeder exceeds 13 . 3% of the feeder capacity , or if the total of all the wind or solar
generation on any substation exceeds 13 . 3% of the substation transformer size , additional study by
FCU is required and the requirements produced as a result of that study may exceed those in this
document.
Protection and safety devices are intended to provide protection for the FCU distribution system ,
FCU utility workers , FCU customers and the general public . Protective devices installed on the GF
are designed to ensure that the fault current supplied by the GF will be interrupted in the event a fault
occurs on the FCU distribution system . When a fault occurs , the GF must be designed to
automatically disconnect from the FCU distribution system until the distribution system is restored to
normal operation .
Any source not explicitly described in this document will require special study before 46
i A.tornnnnor#inn +„ FGU Aii.,wedit is allowed to interconnect to FCU .
1 .2 System Phase and Voltage
The GF may interconnect to the system at any service voltage available at the site . Additional
voltages may be arranged with FCU on a case-by-case basis , subject to FCU approval . If the site
contains a three-phase system the GF equipment must be three-phase . If only a single phase
service is available , a single- phase GF may be allowed . The maximum nameplate rating of all the
single-phase generators at any GF shall not exceed 20_kVA if connected line-line . When the site
contains a center-tapped single-phase service , machines may be connected between phase and the
center-tapped neutral providing the maximum nameplate rating of the generator connected does not
exceed 5_kVA.
1 . 3 System Reclosing
Automatic reclosing is generally not utilized on the FCU distribution systems to clear temporary
faults ; however, in the cases and locations where automatic reclosing is used , the GF must be
designed to insure ensure that the GF will disconnect from the distribution system in the event an
automatic reclose occurs . Normally the GF will not be allowed to interfere with automatic reclosing
where it exists ; however, industry standards require that a GF must automatically disconnect from an
islanded system within two seconds . If the existing reclosing interval is faster than two seconds FCU
will reset it to accommodate the GF .
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 2
1 .4 Islanding
Islanding occurs when a GF becomes separated from the main generation source on a distribution
system , but continues to independently serve a portion of the distribution system . GF's shall be
equipped with protective devices and controls designed to prevent the generator from being
connected to a de-energized distribution system . Islanding is not permitted on the FCU distribution
system .
1 . 5 Synchronizing
Synchronization of the GF with the FCU system must be done automatically . Any proposal to allow
manual synchronization is subject to review and approval by FCU . All GF ' s must use protective
devices that prevent electrically closing a GF that is out of synchronization with the distribution
system . FCU will under no circumstances be responsible or liable for any damage done due to an
out of synchronization closure of a GF onto the system . Additionally, the Operator is responsible and
liable for any damage done to the FCU system by any type of improper closing onto the system .
1 . 6 Improper Operation of the GF
Operation and design of the GF must meet all the requirements contained in this document as well
as any applicable requirements contained in the Fort Collins Municipal Code and the Fort Collins
Utilities Electric Service Rules and Regulations and any written agreement between FCU and the
Operator. Also , no GF operation will at any time be allowed to adversely impact the operation of the
FCU system in any way. The GF must not produce adverse amounts of unbalanced currents or
voltages ; produce high or low voltages , or unacceptable frequencies ; it must not inject DC or
harmonics into the system beyond what is allowed by this document; or cause+ng excessive
operations of system voltage regulating devices such as load tap changers and voltage regulators .
The GF must not adversely affect system grounding or ground fault protection .
FCU will not normally interfere with the operation of any GF . However, when requested by FCU by
telephone , in person , or in writing , the Operator must immediately stop operation and not resume
operation until cleared by FCU to do so . If the Operator begins to operate the GF out of the ranges
or conditions listed herein , the Operator must agree to cease operation until such a time as the GF
Operator can demonstrate to FCU that it has remedied the problem and can once again operate the
GF in compliance with these requirements .
If usage of the GF causes unusual fluctuations or disturbances on , or induGtive interference with
FCU ' s system or other FCU customers , FCU shall have the right to require the GF to install suitable
apparatus to reasonably correct or limit such fluctuation , disturbance or interference at not expense
to FCU or other customers .
1 . 7 System Capacity Limitations
The equipment installed by FCU to distribute power is limited in size and is normally sized for safe
and efficient delivery of power. Adding generation to this system , especially generation supplied by
renewable sources which normally have low capacity factors , may quickly overload the existing
equipment. Care must be taken when adding generation to avoid damaging FCU equipment. Also ,
when system penetration levels of distributed generation becomes large enough , accidental
islanding of sections of the system becomes possible , and additional protective devices or systems ,
such as transfer trip equipment, may be needed for safe operation of the FCU system . Whenever
one or more of the following limitations are exceeded , FCU may need to conduct an additional study
and FCU may require additional equipment. Additional study is required if:
a ) The rated aggregate generation KVA kVA on any distribution transformer after the
addition of the new GF equals or exceeds 100% of the rating of the transformer
b) The rated aggregate generation kVA on any protective device or feeder from the point of
interconnection to the substation transformer exceeds 13 . 3% of the rating of that
protective device or feeder
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevem "er 2009 3
c) The rated aggregate generation kVA on any feeder or portion of a feeder equals or
exceeds 50% of the existing ye-a4annual minimum load on that feeder or feeder section
d ) The proposed GF results in more than 90kW of single-phase generation on one phase
of a feeder when both the new and existing generation are included
e) The proposed GF includes an induction machine 300kW or greater, or an aggregate of
300kW of induction generators
1 . 8 Submittal Requirement
The Operator shall submit in a timely manner, sufficient design and specification information relating
to the facilities to be installed by the Operator. FCU shall be entitled to review and approve or
disapprove these facilities prior to their installation and energization . The Operator agrees to
incorporate any reasonable design changes requested by FCU prior to , during , or after installation of
the GF 's facilities . FCU 's approval or acceptance of any design and specification information related
to the GF to be installed shall not be construed as an endorsement of such engineering plans ,
specifications , or other information .
The following drawings and other documents must be submitted to FCU for approval before any
construction is begun .
a ) Single-line diagram of the facility showing the sizes of all equipment and the system
protection planned
b) Cut sheets on all equipment planned including inverters , generators , fuseds , circuit
breakers , switches , etc .
c) Capability curves on all synchronous and doubly fed induction generators .
d ) Short circuit calculations .
2 . 0 Standards and AGronymsaefinitions
2 . 1 Standards
In all cases the current edition of the following standards should be referred to in design of the power
plant, choice of equipment, and interconnection design .
a ) ANSI C84 . 1 American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and Equipment-
Voltage ratings (60 Hertz)
b) IEEE Std . 18 IEEE Standard for Shunt Capacitors
c ) IEEE Std . 32 IEEE Standard Requirements , Terminology, and Test Procedures for
Neutral Grounding Devices
d ) IEEE Std . 141 : IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial
Plants
e ) IEEE Std . 142 : IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems
f) IEEE Std . 242 : IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
q ) IEEE Std . 519 : Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in
Electric Power Systems
h ) IEEE Std . 665 : IEEE Standard for Generation Station Grounding
i ) IEEE Std . 1015 : IEEE Recommended Practice for Applying Low-Voltage Circuit
Breakers Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
j ) IEEE Std . 1036 : IEEE Standard for Application of Shunt Power Capacitors
ask IEEE 1547 IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power
Systems
b4l IEEE 1547 . 1 IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 4
G)m ) IEEE 1547 . 2 IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std . 1547 , IEEE Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
n ) IEEE Std . C2 : National Electrical Safety Code
d ) IEEE C#r . 242 IEaCC D8Gnrmmenaed�Drnn#inefnr Drn#eG#inn and GeeFdinn#inn of Industrial
and Gemmorgial Power Customs
o) IEEE Std . C37 . 06 : IEEE Standard for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers rated on a
Symmetrical Current Basis- Preferred Ratings and Required Capabilities .
p) IEEE C37 . 012 : IEEE Application Guide for Capacitor Current Switching for AC High-
Voltage Circuit Breakers
q ) IEEE C37 .66 : IEEE Standard Requirements for Capacitor Switches for AC Systems
( 1 kV thru 38kV) .
r) IEEE C37 . 90 IEEE Standard for Relays and Relay Systems Associated with Electric
Power Apparatus
s) IEEE C37 . 90 . 1 IEEE Standard for Surge Withstand capability (SWC ) Tests for Relay
and Relay Systems Associated with Electric Power Apparatus .
t) IEEE C37 . 90 .2 IEEE Standard for Withstand Capability of Relay Systems to Radiated
Electromagnetic Interference from Transceivers
u ) IEEE C37 . 90 . 3 IEEE Standard Electrostatic Discharge Tests for Protective Relays
v) IEEE C37 . 95 IEEE Guide for Protective Relaying of Utility-Consumer Interconnections
w) IEEE Std . C37 . 102 IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection
x) IEEE Std C62 . 41 : IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC
Power Circuits
v) NERC PRC-024- 1 : Generator Frequency and Voltage Protective Relays
z) NFPA 70 : National Electrical Code
aa ) UL 1741 : Inverters , Converters , Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for
use with Distributed Energy Resources
e) ! EEE C#rd C37 102 IEEE Guide fervrAG GeneFater PFetestien
uii#h Dostrihi ate d Energy Dosn rnos
f)iEEE�r. 95 IEESE-r'v-'uidef"vmvtGtiveRelaying of Utility ensumeF II-rnrteMenneGtiens
n \ IEEE (") National Elon#rinal Cofo#y (`nrJo
h \NFPA 70 National Elontrigal Code
Power Customs
j ) ANCI C84 1 Ame Iran National Standard fnr BertrlG Power Systems and E` uiipm�en#_
van—rr�r rrury ter— �P �� r
Voltage ratings (6 0 HeFtz)
� EEE G37 90 IEEE Standard fnr Relays and Relay Systems AseBnioted with Beets
. `, � r. ��Standard -arta�z .'"� Tc o-ru �vrrrr-
PeweF Apparatus
I ) IEEE C37 . 90 . 1 IEEE Standard fer Surge Withstand Gapability (SWC ) Tests feF Relay
Relay Systems d Assnnlate with EIeGtrin PeweF Apparatus + ,.
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2 .2 Definitions ^ cs
The following aEreny definitions will be used throughout this document.
• ANSI -American National Standards Institute
• FCU-Fort Collins Utility Services
• GF-Generating facility
• IEEE- Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
• KVA-Kilovolt-amps
• KW-Kilowatt
• MW-Megawatt
• NEC-National Electrical Code
• NEMA- National Electrical Manufacturers Association
• NESC-National Electrical Safety Code
• Operator-Generating facility owner and operator, successors , heirs , agents , employees , and
assigns
• PCC-Point of common coupling
• UL- Underwriters Laboratories
• VAR-Volt-Amps reactive ( reactive power)
3 . 0 GF Equipment and Installation Requirements
3 . 1 General Requirements
The installation of any GF shall meet the relevant requirements of the National Electrical Code ( NEC )
and the National Electrical Safety Code ( NESC ) . Where required by the municipality, the Operator
cleared to move forward with the installation must obtain all necessary building permits , pass all
applicable building department inspections , and meet other applicable requirements including but not
limited to municipal code and Fort Collins Electric Service Rules and Regulations .
Unless otherwise modified in this document, the interconnection must meet the requirements of IEEE
Std . 1547 . Where the requirements of this document vary from the requirements of IEEE Std . 1547 ,
this document governs .
The Operator shall be solely responsible for protecting the GF and all associated equipment from
abnormal distribution system conditions such as outages , short circuits , voltage or frequency
variations , or other disturbances . FCU will not install equipment for the protection of the GF
generator or other equipment . The GF equipment must be designed and operated so that it is
capable of properly synchronizing the generator to the system , maintaining safe operation of the
generation equipment, detecting any unusual operating condition , and disconnecting the generator
from the system anytime damage to the generator or other equipment may occur. The equipment
protection provided by the Operator will prevent the GF from adversely affecting the distribution
system's capability of providing reliable service to other FCU customers . The GF must automatically
disconnect itself from the system anytime system conditions are outside the ranges described in this
document and is not permitted to reconnect to the system until system conditions return to normal
and are maintained within the normal range for a minimum of five (5) minutes .
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010NevembeF 2009 6
3 .2 Interconnection Disconnect Switch
Each GF installation must include a manually operated , lockable , disconnect switch with a visual
break. The disconnect switch must be visible and accessible at all times by FCU personnel to allow
the GF to be disconnected safely during maintenance or outage conditions . In the case of a PV
system this disconnect switch must be located next to the FCU electric meter. In all cases the
disconnect switch must be rated to interrupt the maximum output of the generator and must be rated
for the voltage and fault current requirements of the GF and must meet all applicable NEMA, UL ,
ANSI , IEEE , and NEC standards as well as local and state electrical codes . The disconnect switch
shall be permanently labeled with text indicating that the switch is for the GF . The labeling shall also
clearly indicate the open and closed position of the switch . The disconnect switch must be located on
the output or load side of the GF such that the entire GF can be isolated from FCU distribution
system . If the site contains several generators , a single disconnect switch may be used providing its
rating is sufficient for all generators and opening it produces a visible open point between all
generators and the FCU system .
Other devices such as circuit breakers or fuses may be considered as a substitute for a disconnect
switch if each of the following conditions is met:
a ) If a circuit breaker is used it is draw-out and capable of being locked into the
disconnected position
b) If a fuse is used it is capable of being removed from the bus to provide a visual open
point
c) The Operator or Operator's agents are available at all times to disconnect and remove
this breaker or fuses whenever requested by FCU
All lock-out and tag-out capabilities must also be available for the devices used and must be
assessable to FCU personnel .
3 . 3 Dedicated Transformer and Additional Primary Protection
If the GF rating is greater then 50kW the GF must be connected to the FCU by a dedicated
transformer. The transformer must meet FCU standards and design criteria . The transformer must
be labeled according to FCU practices .
Most interconnecting transformers on the FCU system are protected with fuses . Howe ��, However,
if a GF is rated FG " may Fequiro that if o GF is at 1500 kVA or above , FCU may determine the fuse
protection is insufficient to properly protect the FCU system . In this case , FCU may require that
this A a dedicated three-phase interrupting device such as a recloser must be added to the
transformer high-voltage side along with necessary relaying_, if ;t is determined by FG1 I +hot this is
necessary +,� properly prOtect the sys Moreover, Aany GF whose connection to the FCU
distribution system increases the aggregate generation on any feeder, transformer, or portion of a
feeder to 1500_kVA or above is subject to a separate study by FCU , and FCU may require the
addition of a three- phase protective device on the primary side of the system .
3A Interrupting Devices Required
Circuit breakers or other interrupting devices located at the Point of Common Coupling ( PCC ) must
be certified or " Listed" (as defined in Article 100 , the Definitions Section of the National Electrical
Code ) as suitable for their intended application . This includes being capable of interrupting the
maximum available fault current expected at their location . The Operator' s GF Facility and
associated interconnection equipment must be designed so that the failure of any single device will
not potentially compromise the safety and reliability of FCU 's distribution system .
3 . 5 System Protective Functions
The protective functions and requirements contained in this document are designed to protect FCU ' s
distribution system and not specifically the Operator's GF . The Operator is solely responsible for
providing adequate protection for the GF and all associated equipment. The Operator's protective
devices must not impact the operation of other protective devices utilized on the FCU distribution
system in a manner that would affect FCU 's ability to provide reliable service to its customers .
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010NevembeF 2009 7
The GF's protective functions must sense abnormal conditions and disconnect the GF from the FCU
distribution system during abnormal conditions . All GFs must be capable of sensing line-line-line ,
line-line , and line-ground faults on the distribution feeder supplying the GF and must disconnect from
the line to protect both the line from further damage and the generator from damage due to
excessive currents or unusual voltages . The settings of these relays will be coordinated with FCU
substation relaying .
For induction machines speed matching must be done automatically and shall match speed to less
that 5% before closing the associated breaker.
The minimum protective functions needed for various types of generators , and other requirements
for system protection are shown below. Any machine that ` ees Ret ^^ me is not included „min
one of the following categories must be individually considered by FCU .
3 . 5. 1 Synchronous Machines above 50kW to 100kW
a ) Over and under voltage functions (27/59 )
b) Over current trip functions . (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a
fuse .
c) Ground fault protection (50/51 G )
d ) Over and under frequency functions . (81 O/U )
e) Sync Check (25 )
f) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
g ) A function to prevent the GF from contributing to the formation of an unintended island
and to prevent the GF from reconnecting with the distribution system under abnormal
conditions is required .
h ) Relay settings and test reports will be submitted to FCU for review. FCU will determine
if an on-site inspection is required .
3 . 5.2 Synchronous Machines 100kW to and including 1000kW
a ) Interrupting devices must be 3- phase circuit breakers with electrical operation .
b) Relays must be utility grade ( must meet IEEE Std . C37 . 90 , C37 . 91 , C37 . 92 and C37 . 93 )
and must be independent from the generator control devices .
c) Over and under voltage functions (27/59 )
d ) Voltage restrained over current trip functions . (50/51V)
e) Ground fault protection (50/51 G )
f) Over and under frequency functions . (81 O/U )
g ) Sync Check (25 )
h ) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
i ) Reverse power (32 )
j ) A function to prevent the GF from contributing to the formation of an unintended island
and to prevent the GF from reconnecting with the distribution system under abnormal
conditions is required .
k) Relay settings and test reports will be submitted to FCU for review. FCU will determine if
an on-site inspection is required .
3 . 5. 3 Synchronous Machines 1000kW to and including 5000kW
a ) Interrupting devices must be 3- phase circuit breakers with electrical operation .
b) Relays must be utility grade ( must meet IEEE Std . C37 . 90 , C37 . 91 , C37 . 92 and C37 . 93 )
and must be independent from the generator control devices .
c) Over and under voltage functions (27/59 )
d ) Voltage restrained over current trip functions . (50/51V)
e) Ground fault protection (50/51 G )
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 8
f) Over and under frequency functions . (81 O/U )
g ) Negative Sequence Current (46 )
h ) Loss of Field (40 )
i ) Sync Check (25 )
j ) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
k) Reverse power (32 )
1 ) A function to prevent the GF from contributing to the formation of an unintended island
and to prevent the GF from reconnecting with the distribution system under abnormal
conditions is required .
m ) Relay settings and test reports will be submitted to FCU for review.
3 . 5.4 Doubly-Fed Induction Machines above 50kW to 100kW
a ) Over and under voltage functions (27/59)
b) Over current trip functions . (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a
fuse .
c) Ground fault protection (50/51 G ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a fuse
d ) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
e) Speed matching to within 5% ( 15 )
f) If it is determined that it is possible for the machine to self-excite in this installation , the
GF must include a function to prevent the GF from contributing to the formation of an
unintended island and to prevent the GF from reconnecting with the distribution system
under abnormal conditions . If it is determined that the machine cannot self-excite ,
evidence must be provided to FCU proving that this is the case and anti- islanding
protection is not required . If such evidence does not meet FCU approval , anti-islanding
protection is required .
g ) Relay settings and test reports must be submitted to FCU for review. FCU will
determine if an on-site inspection is required .
3 . 5. 5 Doubly-Fed Induction Machines 100kW to 5000kW
a ) Interrupting devices must be 3- phase circuit breakers with electrical operation .
b) Relays must be utility grade ( must meet IEEE Std . C37 . 90 , C37 . 91 , C37 . 92 and C37 . 93 )
and must be independent from the generator control devices .
c) Over and under voltage functions (27/59 )
d ) Over current trip functions . (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a
fuse .
e) Ground fault protection (50/51 G ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a fuse
f) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
g ) Negative sequence current (46 )
h ) Over and under frequency (81 O/U )
i ) Reverse power (32 )
j ) Speed matching to within 5% ( 15 )
k) If it is determined that it is possible for the machine to self-excite in this installation the
GF must include a function to prevent the GF from contributing to the formation of an
unintended island and to prevent the GF from reconnecting with the distribution system
under abnormal conditions . If it is determined that the machine cannot self-excite ,
evidence must be provided to FCU proving that this is the case and anti- islanding
protection is not required . If such evidence does not meet FCU approval , anti-islanding
protection is required .
1 ) Relay settings and test reports must be submitted to FCU for review. FCU will
determine if an on-site inspection is required .
3. 5.6 Induction Machines above 50kW to 100kW
a ) Over and under voltage functions (27/59)
b) Over current trip functions . (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a
fuse .
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevem "er 2009 9
c) Ground fault protection (50/51 G ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a fuse
d ) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
e) Speed matching to within 5% ( 15 )
f) If it is determined that it is possible for the machine to self-excite in this installation the
GF must include a function to detect and trip the unit during a self excited condition . This
will prevent system over voltages and also prevent the GF from contributing to the
formation of an unintended island . If it is determined that the machine cannot self-excite ,
evidence must be provided to FCU proving that this is the case and this protection is not
required . If such evidence does not meet FCU approval , anti-islanding protection is
required .
g ) Relay settings and test reports must be submitted to FCU for approval . FCU will
determine if an on-site inspection is required .
3 . 5.7 Induction Machines 100kW to 5000kW
a ) Interrupting devices must be 3- phase circuit breakers with electrical operation .
b) Relays must be utility grade ( must meet IEEE Std . C37 . 90 , C37 . 91 , C37 . 92 and C37 . 93 )
and must be independent from the generator control devices .
c) Over and under voltage functions (27/59 )
d ) Over current trip functions . (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a
fuse .
e) Ground fault protection (50/51 G ) which may be included in a breaker trip-unit or a fuse
f) Phase-sequence or negative sequence voltage (47)
g ) Negative sequence current (46 )
h ) Over and under frequency (81 O/U )
i ) Reverse power (32 )
j ) Speed matching to within 5% ( 15 )
k) If it is determined that it is possible for the machine to self-excite in this installation the
GF must include a function to detect and trip the unit during a self excited condition . This
will prevent system over voltages and also prevent the GF from contributing to the
formation of an unintended island . If it is determined that the machine cannot self-excite ,
evidence must be provided to FCU proving that this is the case and this protection is not
required . If such evidence does not meet FCU approval , anti-islanding protection is
required .
I ) Relay settings and test reports will be submitted to FCU for review. FCU will determine
if an on-site inspection is required .
3 . 5.8 Inverter Connected Systems 1000 kW and Below
This may include photovoltaic systems ( PV), some wind turbines , fuel cells , microturbines
and all other machines that deliver their power to the utility system via an inverter or
converter utilizing power electronics .
a ) The Inverter must be tested to meet IEEE 1547 , and IEEE 1547 . 1 . One way to meet this
requirement is to be tested to UL1741 . However, it is not required that this testing be
done by Underwriters Laboratories . Any recognized testing lab which confirms that the
inverter meets IEEE 1547 , and IEEE 1547 . 1 is satisfactory. If the inverter does not carry
a UL sticker, FCU must be supplied with a letter from the manufacturer or an
independent testing laboratory stating the inverter has been tested and meets the above
IEEE standards .
b) FCU will require 9over current trip functions (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker
trip-unit or a fuse . This device must be separate from the inverter control system and
internal disconnect device .
c) FCU will determine if an on-site inspection is required to observe calibration and testing
of the inverter functions .
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevem "er 2009 10
3 . 5.9 Inverter Connected Systems above 1000 kW to 5000kW
This may include photovoltaic systems ( PV) some wind turbines , fuel cells , microturbines
and all other machines that deliver their power to the utility system via an inverter or
converter utilizing power electronics .
a ) The Inverter must be tested to meet IEEE 1547 , and IEEE 1547 . 1 . One way to meet this
requirement is to be tested to UL1741 . However, it is not required that this testing be
done by Underwriters Laboratories . Any recognized testing lab which confirms that the
inverter meets IEEE 1547 , and IEEE 1547 . 1 is satisfactory. If the inverter does not carry
a UL sticker, FCU must be supplied with a letter from the manufacturer or an
independent testing laboratory stating the inverter has been tested and meets the above
IEEE standards .
b) FCU will require Gover current trip functions (50/51 ) which may be included in a breaker
trip-unit or a fuse . This device must be separate from the inverter control system and
internal disconnect device .
c) Ground fault protection (50/51G ) which may be included in a breaker trip unit. This
device must be separate from the inverter control system and internal disconnect device .
d ) Over and under frequency (81 O/U ) . This device must be separate from the inverter
control system and internal disconnect device .
e) Over and under voltage functions (27/59) . This device must be separate from the
inverter control system and internal disconnect device .
f) FCU will determine if an on -site inspection is required to observe calibration and testing
of the inverter and relay functions .
3 . 5. 10 All machines above 50001kW
Any type of GF of this size must be studied and considered individually by FCU .
3 . 6 Momentary Paralleling Generation Facilities
At times an Operator may decide to install a system that may operate parallel to the FCU system
only momentarily (normally less than 0 . 1 seconds) . With FCU 's approval , the transfer switch or
system used to transfer the Operator' s loads from FCU ' s distribution system to the Operator' s GF
may be used in lieu of the protective functions required for parallel operation .
4. 0 Facility Grounding
In all cases the GF grounding system must not adversely impact FCU grounding or ground fault protective
relaying . The GF grounding must not cause high voltages to occur under any condition either normally
occurring or occurring during a system fault such as allowing high voltages to exist on the un-faulted phases
during a single-line-to-ground fault.
4. 1 Equipment Bonding Conductor
The Operator must install an equipment--grounding conductor, in addition to the ungrounded
conductors and grounded conductor ( neutral ) , between the GF and the distribution system . The
grounding conductors must be permanent, electrically continuous , and must be capable of safely
carrying the maximum fault current that could be imposed o tart it by the systems to which they it
is —are connected_, and must Additionally , the equipment--grounding conductor must be of
sufficiently low impedance to facilitate the operation of over current protection devices under fault
conditions . Th+s All conductors shall comply with the National Electrical Code ( NEC ) . The GF must
not be designed or implemented such that the earth becomes the sole fault current path .
4.2 Surge Protection
It is strongly recommended but not required that a surge protective device (SPD ) be utilized to
protect GF equipment.
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 11
4. 3 System Grounding
FCU maintains an effectively grounded distribution system and requires that all GFs be designed to
contribute to an effectively grounded system . Effective grounding prevents the occurrence of
excessively high voltages during ground faults and protects existing FCU equipment. Effective
grounding of the GF may desensitize existing FCU ground fault protection , which could require FCU
ground fault relay settings changes or modifications in the design of the GF . The transformer
supplied to interconnect the GF voltage to the FCU system will normally be a grounded-wye to
grounded-wye transformer. This connection will not provide a grounding source by itself and will not
provide an effectively grounded system from the GF side of the interconnection unless effective
grounding of GF is den-e provided . When designing the grounding system for the GF , the designer
should consider the condition that will result when a ground fault occurs on the line feedingserving
the GF . This ground fault would be cleared on the FCU side of the line by opening a breaker or
recloser in the FCU substation . This will result in momentarily islanding the line on the GF until it
opens its breaker. Under this condition , where the line is islanded and being supplied by the GF , the
system must remain effectively grounded .
Effective grounding shall be defined by IEEE Std . 142 which states that to be considered effectively
grounded both of the following two conditions must be met:
a ) The ratio of zero-sequence reactance to positive-sequence reactance (Xo/Xl ) must be
positive and three or less .
b) The ratio of zero-sequence resistance to positive-sequence reactance ( Ro/Xj ) must be
positive and less than 1 .
The GF system equivalent (Thevenin equivalent) impedance must meet the criteria for effective
grounding stated above . The networks used in determining this impedance , and other fault current
calculations for the plant, will include the positive , negative , and zero sequence networks of the step-
up transformer connected to the FCU system , all other transformers between the generator and the
point of common coupling , the generator subtransient, positive , negative and zero sequence values ,
the neutral grounding device for the generator, the grounding transformer and neutral grounding
device ( if used ) and any significant cable runs . The GF shall maintain an effectively grounded
system under normal operating conditions while operating in connection with FCU lines .
The short circuit contribution ratio (SCCR) of the GF is defined as the ratio of the GF short circuit
contribution to FCU ' s contribution to a short circuit ( IScGF/IscFCU ) for either a three-phase or single-
line-to ground fault measured at the high voltage side of the transformer stepping up from the
generation voltage to the FCU voltage .
The GF must be grounded in such a way that the SCCR for a line-ground fault calculated at the high
voltage side of the transformer connecting the GF to FCU is less than 3% while still achieving
effective grounding as defined above . If this SCCR ratio is greater than 3% FCU must do a study to
determine if re-setting ground fault relays on the existing FCU system is required . In rare cases
connecting a certain GF to a particular feeder may not be practical due to protection issues or
special protection techniques may be needed to make the connection safe .
Proper grounding of the GF can be achieved in a number of ways . FCU may at its discretion accept
any of the following methods :
a ) Solidly grounding the generator or installing a solidly grounded grounding transformer
(ziq-zag or grounded wye-delta transformer) . While a solidly grounded generator is
acceptable to FCU if all other requirements are met, it must be used with care . ANSI
standards generally require that for a synchronous generator the ground fault current
must be limited to the three- phase fault current. This usually requires a resistance or
reactance be used for grounding the generator neutral . Also , a solidly grounded
generator may conduct large amounts of harmonic currents . There may be some
unbalanced voltage at the terminals of the generator. This can cause circulating current
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 12
through the generator if it is solidly grounded which may make de-rating of the generator
necessary . If a solidly grounded system is used the designer must consider and plan for
all issues that may result.
b) Resistance grounding . A resistance grounded generator or grounding transformer with
a resistance placed between neutral and ground may be used if it meets the
requirements of effective grounding .
c) Reactance grounding . A reactance grounded generator or grounding transformer with a
reactor between the transformer neutral and ground may be used if it meets the
requirements of effective grounding .
d ) Other methods may be suggested for consideration by FCU .
If the Operator desires to generate at the FCU primary voltage and to connect the generators directly
to the FCU system without the use of an interconnecting transformer, FCU must first conduct a study
of the connection . FCU will determine , as a result of the study, the grounding and other
requirements necessary for this type of connection .
5, 0 Prevention of Interference and Unacceptable Operating Conditions
The Operator must not operate the GF in any way that causes a system disturbance or that superimposes a
voltage or current upon FCU ' s distribution system that results in interference with FCU operations , service to
FCU 's customers , or other FCU equipment and facilities . When FCU suspects that interference with electric
service to other FCU customers is occurring , and such interference exceeds FCU Standards , FCU reserves
the right at its expense to install special test equipment as may be required to perform a disturbance analysis
and monitor the operation of the GF to evaluate the quality of power produced . If the GF is demonstrated to
be the source of the interference , and it is demonstrated that the interference produced exceeds FCU
Standards or generally accepted industry standards , FCU may, without liability , disconnect the GF from the
FCU distribution system . ' n the e„enf ciigh inferferenne ggn , irc It shall be the responsibility of the Operator to
eliminate any interference caused by the GF and t-the Operator must diligently pursue and take corrective
action , at the Operator's own expense , offer being given ngfige and reasenable time to de se by FG I if fhe
to
eliminate undesirable interference caused by the GF . -n.pernfinn7eaQh oIshall-meet th�iteriadefined
henc"rcii .. The GF will be reconnected to the FCU system only after the Operator demonstrates to the
satisfaction of FCU that the cause of the interference has been remedied .
The Operator' s protective devices must prevent the GFs from contributing to an island . If the FCU feeder to
which the GF is connected is de-energized for any reason , the GF must sense this and disconnect itself
within 2 seconds of the de-energization of the feeder.
The GIF shall nGt GF8ate power system distuFbanG8S that 8XGeed the standards SpeGified . VvheR
eXGeeds FGU standards , FGU FeseNes the right7 at its expense , to iRstall SpeGial test equipment as may he
required te perform a distuFbaRG8 analysis and meniteF the epeFatien ef the GIF te evaluate the quality -ef
shall be diSGE) nneGted and IOGked e6it from the FGLJ distributien system URN GoFreGtiens have been Fnad
rernedy them A te Pfe Pe A P-,P- . It shall be the FeSPORsibility of the Operater te- eliminate any inteFfeFeRGe problem
roused by the GF
5, 1 Voltage Regulation
The GF shall not actively regulate the voltage at the point of common coupling ( PCC ) unless the
effects of this are first reviewed and approved by FCU . If a study has been done by FCU which
determines that it is advantageous for a GF to actively control its voltage , FCU will inform the
Operator and the Operator will be required to control the GF's terminal voltage .
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevember 2009 13
5.2 System Voltage
The voltage operating range limits for GFs�s shall be used as a protection function that responds to
abnormal conditions on FCU ' s distribution system . The FCU voltage operating range is normally =5°k
95% to 105% of the nominal voltage at the PSSelectrical service point , and 92 %
to 105% of nominal voltage at the utilization point, as required by ANSI C84 . 1 . All GFs must be
capable of operating within the voltage range normally experienced on FCU 's distribution system .
Ocassional excursions outside this range may esuffoccur, and tripping of the GF is not suggested
until the voltage range is less than 88% or more than 110% of the nominal voltage . The operating
range and GF protection shall be selected in a manner that minimizes nuisance tripping between
88% and 110% of nominal voltage . GF's must not energize or, after a trip , re-energize FCU 's circuits
whenever the voltage at the PCC deviates from the allowable voltage operating range allowed by
ANSI C84 . 1 Table 1 voltage range (95- 105% of nominal voltage at the service or 92- 105% of
nominal voltage at the utilization point) .
Whenever the FCU distribution system voltage at the PCC varies from normal ( nominally 120 volts)
by predetermined the amounts as set forth in Table 5- 1 the GF's protective functions shall
disconnect the generator(s ) from the FCU distribution system with delay times no longer than those
shown .
Table 5-1 : Voltage trip settings .
(Adapted from IEEE 1547-2003 and ANSI C84. 1 -2006)
Voltage at Point of Common Maximum Tripping Time*
Coupling (% of base Voltage) AllowedDelay
(seconds/cycles)
V-PCC < 50% 0 , 167 / 10
50% < V-PCC < 88% 2 . 0 / 120
925% < V-PCC < / 105% Normal operating range
110% < V-PCC < 120% 1 . 0 / 60
120 % < V-PCC 0 . 167 / 10
5. 3 System Frequency
The GF shall operate in synchronism with the FCU distribution system . Whenever FCU ' s distribution
system frequency at the PCC varies from normal ( nominally 60 Hertz) by predetermined the
amounts as set forth in Table 5-2 the GF ' s protective functions shall disconnect the generator(s) from
the FCU distribution system .. with delay times no longer than those shown .
Table 5-2 : Frequency Settings
Ada ted from IEEE 1547-2003 and NERC PRC -024-1
GF Facility Size Frequency ( Hz) Maximum Tripping TFTYPPYTYU
rinninci
Time Delay
(sec ./cycles)
GF 30kW or Less GF<59 .3 0 , 167/10
59 ,35 GF <_? 60 .5 Continuous Operation
GF>60 .5 0 , 167/10
GF > 30kW
GF<57. 80 0 , 167/10
57.80 <_ GF <_z 58 .07-,3 40,75/24045
58 .07-.3 < GF <_a 58 . 57-8 407-, 5/2 400450
58 . 57-8 < GF <_z 59 . 08-.4 20030/12 0004-,800
59 .08-A < GF <? 59 .53 1 800/108 00048;800
59 . 53 <_< GF <_? 60 .56 Continuous Operation
60 .56 < GF 5z 61 , 56 6004-80/36 00040;800
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevemhor 2009 14
61 , 56 < GF 1 0 , 167/10
during OSI.AndP-90- ^^—it;OR . Unless some other anti-islanding scheme is employed , the GF should
disconnect due to low frequency resulting due from4e islanding the feeder load on the GF . The
frequency settings must be adjusted to insure that, during the lowest loading level on the feeder, the
resulting frequency change of the GF when it is islanded with those feeder loads n , irinn the i.,, . ,o�+
leading level on the feeder the resulting from enGy nhange of the should cause the under
frequency relaying to disconnect the the generators +ram within two seconds .
5.4 Synchronization
Synchronous machine automatic synchronizers and sync-check relays must be set as shown in
Table 5-3 .
Table 5-3 : Synchronizer/sync check relay settings .
(Adapted from IEEE 1547-2003
Rating of GF (kVA) Maximum Slip Rate Maximum Voltage Maximum Phase
( Hz) Difference (%V) Angle Difference
(deg ) .
0-500 0 . 3 10 20
500- 1500 0 . 2 5 10
1500 and above 0 . 1 3 10
5. 5 Flicker
Any voltage flicker at the PCC caused by the GF should not exceed the limits defined by the
" Maximum Borderline of Irritation Curve" identified in IEEE 519 , IEEE 141 , and IEE 1453 . This limit
is shown in Figure 5- 1 . This requirement is necessary to minimize the adverse voltage effects which
may be experienced by other customers on the FCU distribution system due to the operation of the
GF . Induction generators may only be connected to the system and brought up to synchronous
speed (as an induction motor) prevfd-e if these flicker limits are not exceeded .
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevemher 2009 15
6
5
a 4
0
w
C7
3
J
O wBORDERLINE OF IRRITATION
Z 2 BORDERLINE OF VISIBILITY OF FLICKER
w
U
Q
w
a 1
0 1 2 5 10 20 30 1 2 5 10 20 30 1 2 5 10 20
DIPS PER HOUR DIPS PER MINUTE DIPS PER SECOND
FREQUENCY OF DIPS
30 12 6 3 2 1 30 12 6 3 2 1 .3 2 1 05
MINUTES SECONDS
TIME BETWEEN DIPS
Figure 5-1 : Allowable voltage flicker vs . time ( reproduced from IEEE Std , 141 ) ,
5. 6 Harmonics
Harmonic distortion measured at the PCC must be in compliance with IEEE 519 and IEEE 1547 .
Harmonic current injection limits are shown in Table 5-4 .
Table 5-4 : Maximum harmonic current distortion as a percentage of fundamental
frequency at the point of common coupling .
(Adapted from IEEE 1547-2003
Individual Harmonic Order h (Odd Harmonics Only)
h < 11 115h < 17 175h <23 235h < 35 355h TDD
4 . 0 2 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 3 5 . 0
The even harmonic limits must be 25 % of those shown in Table 5-4 .
GF ' s must not inject direct current greater than 0 . 5% of rated output into the FCU distribution system .
Any device causing a DC offset such as a half-wave converter shall not be allowed .
5. 7 Power Factor
The power factor at the point of common coupling ( PCC ) with FCU (the low voltage terminals of the
transformer connecting the GF to FCU ) shall always remain within 0 . 95 lagging (VARs going into the
site ) to 0 . 95 leading (Vars going out of the site ) . The only exception to this requirement is a GF
consisting of an inverter connected generator 10 kW or less . -is shown below. For this exGept+GR
FGIJ will provide the VARs needed at the sit pmvlded the MaAiAtaiAS its PeWeF f2GtGF se that Of
For this exception it is expected that the site power factor will deteriorate anytime the GF is
operating , and FCU will provide the VARs needed at the site . However the site power factor must be
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010NevernbeF 2009 16
maintained such that it would remain within the limits stated above if the GF was not operating and ,
as a result, the power factor was allowed to revert to the value it had before the GF was added .
a ) In\ /ortor nnnnonted nonoraters 1 OkW er lose
Each synchronous generator in a GF shall be capable of operating at any point within a power factor
range of 0 . 95 leading (Vars going into the generator) to 0 . 95 lagging (Vars going out of the
generator) . Synchronous generators should automatically control power factor and should be set to
deliver VARs to the system as needed to keep the power factor at the PCC with FCU to the range
required by this section .l+sted.
For generators other than synchronous generators , operation outside this power factor range is
acceptable provided the cumulative power factor of the customer' s entire facility is kept within the
range noted . This may be done using capacitor banks , controlling the inverter settings , adding static
VAR compensators (SVC ) or synchronous condensers , or other means agreeable to both the GF
and FCU . If capacitor banks are used they shall be sized and installed per IEEE Stds . 18 , 1036 ,
C37 . 0127 C37 . 06 , C37 . 66 , and 1015 . Capacitors may need to be stepped and switched to meet the
power factor requirements above . Before the addition of capacitors the GF should completely study
the effects of the capacitor additions on the resonance conditions and harmonic values that will
result. If the GF' s addition of capacitors causes adverse resonance or harmonics effects on FCU ' s
system , the GF shall be required to pay for any modifications needed to mitigate the problem .
6. 0 Monitoring Provisions
The following monitoring and meteretinq requirements must be met by any Operator connecting a GF to the
FCU system . 19FOVisinns mi Est be nmymded by the �`F—.
if the aggregate generatieR GapaGity at ene PGG is Fated at 5QkVV eF greater the GF MUSt ORG16ide a proviso
if the GF is IaFgeF than 5QkW the epeFatien of the G. F shall be meniteFed Femetely by the FGU system
operatieRs and- P- entrel ceunter. Typically , only one monitoring device will be Fequired- tn- be. insstalle-A en the G-F
the Operater. FGU will weFk with the Operator te deteFmine the MeSt e#eGtiVe GOMMUniGatien Medium to
obtain the telemetry data
GFs 10004V and above add 'tmenal telemetry that will be diSGussed afteF the iRteFGE)nReGtiE) R
annlinatien has been Feyiel*& l
6. 1 Metering
GFs larger than 10kW and less than or equal to 5100_kW erless require a minimum of a form 9s
metering installation .
GFs larger than 5100_kW will require revenue metering capable of recording the following
components :
a ) Time of use (TOU )
b) Harmonic measuring capability
c) Four quadrant capability
d ) MV90 capable
e) Form 9S
f) The revenue meter must measure the aggregate load of the Operator's facility including
the GF .
6.2 Monitoring and Control Requirements
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevembor 2009 17
Each non-inverter connected generating facility of 100 kW or larger shall be required , at the
discretion of FCU , to have FCU supplied equipment that will be used for monitoring and control of
the facility. The Operator shall be responsible for all hardware , software , and any installation costs
of FCU provided equipment associated with the co-gen installation . FCU will provide a remote
monitoring and control equipment enclosure containing the following equipment at the Operator' s
expense :
• 900 MHZ spread spectrum radio
• SEL 351 relay
• Terminal blocks as required
• Various control switches , CT blocks , etc as required
• UPS power supply with battery backup
A YAGI antenna will be provided and shall be installed by the Operator at a location designated by
FCU . The Operator will be responsible for installing the antenna coax specified by FCU . The
Operator must use a certified installer to terminate the coax . The Operator shall also be responsible
for mounting the equipment enclosure .
The monitoring and control system shall be designed to allow FCU to perform the following :
• Trip the generator breaker for unstable system conditions such as frequency, voltage
and fault conditions
• Place a HOT LINE TAG on the generator breaker that would block its close circuit to
prevent its closing
• Initiate a generator startup thru SCADA for future power dispatching by FCU (This would
normally be blocked locally unless requested by the Operator. )
• Monitor the generator breaker status to determine if the generator is on or off line
• Monitor generator output power( real and reactive ) , voltage , harmonics etc . (This will
require current and voltage inputs from the GF equipment. )
The GF Operator must provide all the necessary interface design to accomplish the functions listed
above . The GF Operator must submit drawings of the proposed design to FCU for review.
7 . 0 Testing
7 . 1 Commissioning Tests
In addition to any commissioning tests required by the owner of the GF or manufacturer of
equipment used , the following tests must be performed before operation of the GF . The Operator
must notify FCU two weeks in advance of the time of the testing so that a FCU representative may
observe any tests required by FCU .
a ) Visual inspection to +ensure proper grounding .
b) Visual inspection shall confirm the presence of the isolation device described in section
3 . 2 and the device shall be tested for operation .
c) Trip tests must be performed to prove each device which is required to trip any breaker
is capable of doing so .
d ) Relays or protective functions provided by the generator manufacture must be tested
and relay test reports must be made available to FCU . All of the functions required in
Section 3 . 5 must be tested . Inverter connected devices tested by an independent
testing laboratory as required in Section 3 . 5 are not be required to perform this test.
e) In the case of a synchronous generator the Operator must prove that the generator is
connected to the system with the proper phase rotation and that all three phases of
generator voltage match those of the system at the same instant in time . This test is
commonly known as " phasing out" the generator.
f) In the case of a synchronous generator the Operator must prove that the generator
synchronizer and sync check relay is capable of connecting the generator to the system
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 18
properly and in synchronism . This test must be done before the generator is allowed to
actually connect to the system .
g4gLThe ability of the control system to disconnect the generator within two seconds in the
event of islanding must be tested .
7 .2 Periodic Maintenance Tests
An Operator must maintain his or her equipment in good order and in compliance with all
manufacturers suggested periodic maintenance . If it is discovered that an Operator is not properly
maintaining his or her equipment, FCU st may be reg mmd +^ disconnect the GF until such time
that the Operator can prove that he or she has provided all required maintenance needed to allow
the GF to operate properly and safely .
FCU reserves the right to inspect the GF equipment whenever it appears the GF is operating in a
manner that is hazardous to the FCU system .
Functional testing must be performed every year to prove the proper operation of the isolation device
and all breakers and relays . For all GFs consisting of synchronous machines with aggregate ratings
of larger than 1000kW, no less than once every three years all protective functions must be re-tested
and calibrated to prove their operation complies with the requirements contained in this document.
The Operator must maintain written records of these tests and these records will be made available
to FCU on request.
Battery systems used for generator control or protective relaying must be maintained and periodically
tested as suggested by the battery manufacturer.
7. 3 Qualified Personnel
All testing and calibration shall be done by qualified personnel . FCU will provide a list of contractors
qualified to provide this service .
8 . 0 Design Changes
After the GF begins operation any design changes , such as the addition of more generation , must be
submitted to FCU for review. Protective devices or any other requirements listed in this document
must not be modified or their settings changed without approval of FCU .
9 . 0 Liability and Insurance
In no event shall FCU be held responsible for the safety , reliability, design , or protection of the GF .
Compliance with these interconnection standards does not mean the GF is safe to operate and the
Operator is solely responsible for making a determination about whether the GF is safe to operate .
Nothing herein shall be construed to create any duty to , any standard of care with reference to , or
any liability to any person who is not a party to an arrangement or agreement between FCU and the
Operator pursuant to these requirements . FCU is not liable for damages caused to the facilities ,
improvements or equipment of the Operator by reason of the operation , faulty operation or non-
operation of FCU facilities .
The Operator shall be solely responsible for and shall defend , indemnify and hold FCU harmless
from and against any and all claims or causes of action for personal injury, death , property damage ,
loss or violation of governmental laws , regulations or orders , which injury , death , damage , loss or
violations occurs on or is caused by operation of equipment or facilities on the Operator's side of the
point of connection . Notwithstanding the above , the Operator shall be solely responsible for and shall
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 19
defend , indemnify and hold harmless FCU from and against any and all claims or causes of action
for personal injury, death , property damage or loss or violation of governmental laws , regulations or
orders , wherever occurring , which injury, death , damage , loss or violation is due solely to the acts of
omissions of such Operator, including but not limited to the use of defective equipment or faulty
installation or maintenance or equipment by such party. However, nothing contained in this section
shall be construed as relieving or releasing either party from liability or personal injury, death ,
property damage or loss , or violation of governmental laws , regulations or orders , wherever
occurring , resulting from its own negligence or the negligence of any of its officers , servants , agents
or employees . In the event of concurrent negligence , liability shall be apportioned between the
parties according to each party's respective fault. Neither the Operator nor FCU shall be liable to the
other or any other third party, in contract or in tort or otherwise , for loss of use of equipment and
related expenses , expense involving cost of capital , claims of customers of FCU or the Operator, as
applicable , loss of profits or revenues , cost of purchase or replacement power, or any indirect ,
incidental or consequential loss or damage whatsoever.
The Operator shall pay all costs that may be incurred by FCU in enforcing the indemnity described
herein . Each party's liability to the other party for any loss , cost, claim , injury , liability, or expense ,
including reasonable attorney's fees , relating to or arising from any act or omission in its
performance of this agreement, shall be limited to the amount of direct damage actually incurred . In
no event shall either party be liable to the other party for any indirect, incidental , special ,
consequential , or punitive damages of any kind whatsoever.
For systems of ten kW or lessmore , the Operator, at its own expense , shall secure and maintain in
effect during connection of its GF to the FCU system , liability insurance with a combined single limit
for bodily injury and property damage of not less than $300 , 000 (Three Hundred Thousand Dollars)
each occurrence . Such liability insurance shall not exclude coverage for any incident related to the
subject GF or its operation . FCU shall be named as an additional insured under the liability policy.
For systems above 500 kW and up to one megawatt, the Operator, at its own expense , shall secure
and maintain in effect during connection of its GC to the FCU system , liability insurance with a
combined single limit for bodily injury and property damage of not less than $2 , 000 , 000 (Two Million
Dollars ) for each occurrence . Insurance coverage for systems greater than one megawatt shall be
determined on a case-by-case basis by FCU and shall reflect the size of the installation and the
potential for system damage . Any insurance policy required herein shall include that written notice
be given to FCU at least 30 days prior to any cancellation or reduction of any coverage . Such
liability insurance shall provide , by endorsement to the policy, that FCU shall not by reason of its
inclusion as an additional insured incur liability to the insurance carrier for the payment of premium of
such insurance . A copy of the liability insurance certificate must be received by FCU prior to GF
operation . Certificates of insurance evidencing the requisite coverage and provision (s ) shall be
furnished to FCU prior to date of interconnection of the generation system . FCU shall be permitted
to periodically obtain proof of current insurance coverage from the Operator in order to verify proper
liability insurance coverage . The Operator will not be allowed to commence or continue
interconnected operations unless evidence is provided that satisfactory insurance coverage is in
effect at all times .
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevem "er 2009 20
APPENDIX A-TYPICAL ONE - LINE INDUCTION GENERATOR BETWEEN 50KW AND 100KW
13 . 8KV LINE ow TO OTHER LOADS
FUSE
UTILITY TRANSFORMER
POINT OF COMMON COUPLING
CUSTOMER CUSTOMER CUSTOMER
GF METER GF METER GF METER T
T
RT
OTHER OTHER
CUSTOMER CUSTOMER
LOADS LOADS
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
PANEL
LOCKABLE
ACCESSABLE
DISCONNECT
SWITCH
GROUNDING TRANSFORMER
FOR 3 — PHASE MACHINES
PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS
27 UNDERVOLTAGE ( DOUBLY — FED ONLY)
INDUCTION GENERATOR 59 OVERVOLTAGE ( DOUBLY— FED ONLY)
OR DOUBLY FED 50/51 OVERCURRENT
INDUCTION GENERATOR GEN ANTI — ISLANDING
NOTE : FUNCTIONS MAY BE INCORPORATED INTO
L THE GENERTOR CONTROL SYSTEM
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevember 2099 21
APPENDIX B -TYPICAL ONE -LINE INVERTER CONNECTED GENERATOR 5OKW TOBELOW 1000KW,
13 . 8KV LINE TO OTHER LOADS
FUSE
UTILITY TRANSFORMER
POINT OF COMMON COUPLING
CUSTOMER CUSTOMER CUSTOMER
M GF METER M GF METER GF METER M
OTHER OTHER
CUSTOMER CUSTOMER
LOADS LOADS
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
PANEL
LOCKABLE
ACCESSABLE
DISCONNECT
SWITCH
PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS
Z UL1741 OR TESTED TO IEEE 1547 . 1
INVERTER k� 50/51 OVERCURRENT
NOTE : FUNCTIONS MAY BE INCORPORATED INTO
J THE INVERTER CONTROL SYSTEM
GEN
PV SYSTEM
FUEL CELL
WIND GENERATOR
MICROTURBINE
ETC .
( note : meter was added to drawing similar to Drawing B
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevember 2099 22
APPENDIX C -TYPICAL ONE -LINE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR 50KW AND ABOVE
TO SUBSTATION 13.8KV LINE TO OTHER LOADS
1 RECLOSER NEEDED
FUSE iRi15O0KVA AND
` TJABOVE
3 - PHASE (ABOVE 20KVA)
UTILITY TRANSFORMER
POINT OF COMMON COUPLING
M CUSTOMER
GF METER
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
PANEL
LOCKABLE
ACCESSABLE
DISCONNECT
SWITCH
METERING AND PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS
M
TELEMETRY TO FCU 27 UNDERVOLTAGE
59 OVERVOLTAGE
50/51 OVERCURRENT
5OG/51G GROUND FAULT
SYNCHRONOUS z
810/U OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY
GENERATOR25 SYNC CHECK
EFFECTIVELY 47 PHASE - SEQUENCE VOLTAGE
GROUNDEDI I 32 REVERSE POWER ( 1OOKW AND ABOVE)
46 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT (ABOVE 1OOOKW)
L — J 40 LOSS OF FIELD (ABOVE 1OOOKW)
ANTI - ISLANDING
NOTE: FUNCTIONS MAY BE INCORPORATED INTO THE
GENERTOR CONTROL SYSTEM BELOW 10OKW
Rev 58 . 0 January 2010Nevember 2099 23
APPENDIX D -TYPICAL ONE - LINE INDUCTION GENERATOR LARGER THAN 10OKW
TO SUBSTATION 13 .8KV LINE TO OTHER LOADS
, T , RECLOSER NEEDED
FUSE i R i1500KVA AND
` T iABOVE
3 - PHASE (ABOVE 20KVA)
UTILITY TRANSFORMER
POINT OF COMMON COUPLING
M CUSTOMER
GF METER
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
PANEL
LOCKABLE
ACCESSABLE
DISCONNECT
SWITCH
METERING AND
TELEMETRY TO FCUM
PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS
27 UNDERVOLTAGE
GROUNDING TRANSFORMER 59 OVERVOLTAGE
50/51 OVERCURRENT
F -1 50G/51G GROUND FAULT
52 15 SPEED MATCHING
INDUCTION GENERATOR ' 47 PHASE-SEQUENCE VOLTAGE
OR DOUBLY FED 46 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ( 100KW AND ABOVE)
INDUCTION GENERATOR ' GEN 810/U OVER AND UNDER FREQUENCY ( 100KW AND ABOVE)
32 REVERSE POWER ( 100KW AND ABOVE)
SELF- EXCITATION PROTECTION (AS NEEDED)
ANTI - ISLANDING
NOTE- =UNC-IONS VAY B = NCORPORA=7 INTO -F =
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevember 2099 24
APPENDIX E-TYPICAL ONE-LINE INVERTER CONNECTED GENERATOR LARGER THAN 1000KW
TO SUBSTATION 13.8KV LINE TO OTHER LOADS
, 1 , RECLOSER NEEDED
FUSE iRi2500KVA AND
JTJABOVE
3 - PHASE (ABOVE 20KVA)
R UTILITY TRANSFORMER
POINT OF COMMON COUPLING
M CUSTOMER
GF METER
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
PANEL
LOCKABLE
ACCESSABLE
DISCONNECT
SWITCH
METERING AND M
TELEMETRY TO FCU
52
PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS
UL1741 OR TESTED TO IEEE 1547 . 1
50/51 OVERCURRENT
Z 50G/51G GROUND FAULT (ABOVE 1000KW)
INVERTER 810/U OVER AND UNDER FREQUENCY (ABOVE 1000KW)
_ 27 UNDERVOLTAGE (ABOVE 1000KW)
J 59 OVERVOLTAGE (ABOVE 1000KW)
NOTE: FUNCTIONS MAY BE INCORPORATED INTO THE
GENERTOR CONTROL SYSTEM BELOW 100KW
GEN
PV SYSTEM
FUEL CELL
WIND GENERATOR
MICROTURBINE
ETC .
Rev 58 . 0 January 201 ONevember 2099 25