HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 10/28/2008 - FORT COLLINS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN DATE: October 28, 2008 WORK SESSION ITEM
STAFF: Lucinda Smith FORT COLLINS CITY COUNCIL
SUBJECT FOR DISCUSSION
Fort Collins Climate Action Plan.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In 1999, Fort Collins was among the first communities in the nation to adopt a community-wide
greenhouse gas reduction goal and a plan to meet it. Good progress was been made over the past
several years,but Fort Collins was not on track to meet the 2010 goal. In 2007, a citizen task force
was convened to develop an updated plan and recommend a future direction. In May 2008, City
Council set new community-wide greenhouse gas goals for 2020 and 2050 that align with the State
goals.
After a year of evaluating strategies and considering cost-effectiveness, the Climate Task Force
completed its recommendations in June 2008. Its recommendations include 16 aggressive strategies
to reduce emissions in all sectors in the near term,and several longer-term strategies. City staff then
evaluated the strategies, updated the assumptions and made adjustments to incorporate subsequent
input. The result is a draft Climate Action Plan that builds upon existing successes and encompasses
a range of strategies,such as expanding the successful Climate Wise Program,increasing residential
and business recycling, reducing vehicle miles traveled, and providing various incentives for
reducing CO2 and increasing energy efficiency. Strategies contained in the draft Climate Action
Plan also support other local community goals and contribute to sustaining Fort Collins as a vibrant,
world class community. The purpose of this work session is to receive Council's comments about
the draft Climate Action Plan.
GENERAL DIRECTION SOUGHT AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
1. Does Council have comments and direction on the draft Climate Action Plan prior to
considering adoption later this year?
BACKGROUND
I. The Vision
Resolution 2008-051 adopted by City Council in May 2008 establishes two greenhouse gas goals
for the Fort Collins community and one near-term"intent"to reduce emissions. The two goals are
identical to statewide goals set for Colorado.
October 28, 2008 Page 2
Goals
• Reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions 20%below 2005 levels by 2020.
• Reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions 80% below 2005 levels by 2050.
2012 Intent
• Reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2012 to a level not to
exceed 2,466,000 tons CO2e.
Figure 1. Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Reduction Goals
Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Goals
4,000,000
3,500,000
Business As Usual Forecast
� --
3,000,000 --
2,500,000 Emissions _ 2012 Intent = 2,466,000
H 2,000,000 2020 Goal = 2,032,000
H 1,500,000 --
1,000,000 —
500,000 - --
2050 Goal = 508,000
0
O 44 00 N t0 O d' 00 N 40 O le 00 N t0 O
0) 0) Of O O r r r N N M M M V V b
C> 0) M O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Year
Actions that reduce carbon emissions also support other local community goals and contribute to
sustaining Fort Collins as a vibrant, world class community. In fact, many existing actions that
benefit the climate were initiated to meet other priority goals, such as supporting the economy,
reducing environmental impacts,exercising fiscal responsibility and increasing mobility. Below is
a partial list of the wide range of benefits that can be realized when taking actions also serve to
reduce the carbon footprint.
• Support local businesses
• Stimulate the economy by providing job opportunities.
• Stop revenue from leaking out of the local economy.
• Reduce home and business energy costs for heating, cooling and lighting.
• Reduce home and business motor vehicle fuel costs.
• Reduce dependence on foreign fuel sources.
• Reduce vulnerability to energy price increases and volatility.
October 28, 2008 Page 3
• Reduce peak energy demand.
• Diversify energy supply and reduce loads on transmission system.
• Reduce the need for new base load energy generation.
• Reduce air pollution emissions, including ozone precursors and fine particles.
• Improve public health.
• Improve local visibility.
• Reduce waste and increase landfill diversion rates.
• Reduce vehicle miles of travel and road congestion.
• Reduce water consumption in the community.
• Increase Fort Collins' ability to adapt to a changing climate.
• Provide opportunities for regional, state and national leadership and recognition.
II. Draft Climate Action Plan
The draft Climate Action Plan presented for Council discussion(Attachment 1)is based largely on
the recommendations of the Climate Task Force and closely follows the measures that were
presented for Council discussion at the work session on August 26, 2008.
This Plan builds upon existing successes and encompasses a range of strategies such as expanding
the enormously successful Climate Wise Program, increasing residential and business recycling,
reducing vehicle miles traveled, and providing various incentives for reducing CO2 and increasing
energy efficiency.The majority of actions that reduce emissions also support other local community
goals and contribute to sustaining Fort Collins as a vibrant,world class community. Strategies listed
in this Plan should be considered on the basis of several merits,including,but not limited to,carbon
reduction.
This Plan presents a"mid-level"view of strategies and offers an increased focus on the 2020 goal.
The Plan includes estimates of carbon reduction benefits from strategies in 2012 and 2020. As
currently estimated, if all strategies in the Plan were implemented, they would achieve between
268,000 — 378,000 tons CO2e avoided by 2012 (approximately 55 to 80% of the 2012 stated
reduction intent) and 1,212,000 tons CO2e avoided by 2020 (approximately 90% of the 2020
reduction goal).
October 28, 2008 Page 4
Table 1. Estimated Carbon Reductions Needed to Achieve Objectives
Year Predicted Goal Reduction Estimated
Emissions needed to Reductions in
(Business as Tons CO2 achieve goal Climate Action
Usual) Tons CO2 Plan
Tons CO2 Tons CO2
2012 2,951,000 2,466,000 485,000 tons/year 268,000 - 378,000
in 2012 tons/year in 2012
2020 3,407,000 2,032,000 1,375,000 1,212,000
(20% below tons/year in 2020 tons/year in 2020
2005)
2050 Not calculated 508,000 (80% 1,524,000/year Not estimated
below 2005) below 2020 goal
level
The Plan builds upon benefits already accruing from existing measures, summarized in Table 2
below.
Table 2. Estimated Benefit of Existing Measures in 2012, Above 2007 Levels
Existing Measure Estimated Tons CO2e
Reduced in 2012
above 2007 levels
Energy Efficiency Programs 40,000
Climate Wise Program 37,000
Single Stream Recycling 14,000
Business and Residential Recycling 7,000
Electronics Waste Ban 6,000
State-mandated Natural Gas Efficiency Programs (HB 1037) 5,000
2005 Residential Energy Code 4,000
Fort ZED Jumpstart 3,000
Poudre School District Greenhouse Gas Goal 2,000
Commercial Energy Code 1,000
Mason Corridor 400
VAN GO 300
October 28, 2008 Page 5
Existing Measure Estimated Tons CO2e
Reduced in 2012
above 2007 levels
Test Ride Transit and FC Bikes 100
TOTAL(After double-counting removed*) 104,000
* 50% of Climate Wise Program benefit is assumed to overlap with other existing
measure benefits.
Table 3 below summarizes the estimated benefits of proposed new measures by 2012 and 2020.
Table 3. Proposed Short-term Climate Protection Strategies
Measure Name 2012 Estimated 2020 Estimated
Benefit Benefit
(Tons CO2e) (Tons CO2e)
Existing Measures 104,000 104,000
NEW MEASURES
COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP
Expand Climate Wise 73,000-94,000 143,000
Government Organizations set GHG Goals 42,000 217,000
Community-wide Climate Challenge 28,000 34,000
Colorado Carbon Fund 5,000 8,000
Community Leadership Subtotal 148,000-169,000 402,000
RECYCLING-Push toward 50% Diversion Goal
Ban cardboard from waste stream 46,000-58,000 93,000
Private paper/glass drop-off 5,000-6,000 8,000
Increase residential education 4,000-5,000 15,000
Larger residential recycling containers 3,000-4,000 5,000
Require haulers to provide residential yard waste 1,000 1,000
collection for added cost
Enhance residential PAYT (2nd can costs more) 11,000-17,000 21,000
Commercial recycling co-ops 1,000-7,000 8,000
Residential yard waste drop-off and ban yard waste 0-4,000 5,000
October 28, 2008 Page 6
Measure Name 2012 Estimated 2020 Estimated
Benefit Benefit
(Tons CO2e) (Tons CO2e)
Construction and demolition (C&D) drop-off 0-34,000 39,000
C&D contract preferences for City contracts 1,000 1,000
Commercial recycling fee embedded in rates 81,000
(additional benefit above cardboard ban)
Recycling Subtotal 73,000-137,000 253,000
ENERGY
2008 Energy Policy 20,000-30,000 214,000
Efficiency programs
SmartGrid, Advanced metering infrastructure, 10,000-20,000 246,000
pricing, conservation
Renewable energy(Colorado Renewable 0 190,000
Portfolio Standard and voluntary programs)
Natural Gas Energy Conservation 5,000-10,000 52,000
Energy Subtotal 35,000-60,000 703,000
GREEN BUILDING
Update Residential Building Code 1,000 4,000
TRANSPORTATION
Reduce vehicle miles of travel 2,000-12,000 14,000
Modern roundabouts 1,000 2,000
Transportation Subtotal 3,000-13,000 16,000
Total (before double-counting removed 366,000-486,000 1,481,000
TOTAL(after double-counting removed*) 268,000-378,000 1,212,000
*Double-counting between measures with overlapping benefits was addressed as
follows:
Climate Wise- 50%overlap with other measures
Government Organization Set GHG Goals - 75% overlap
Community Climate Challenge
In response to Council feedback received during the August 26, 2008 work session, the draft Plan
increases the focus on green building by adding a short-term measure to update the residential
building code and it identifies more long-term green building strategies. It also removes any
additional purchases of delivered renewable energy other than the amount required to meet the
October 28, 2008 Page 7
Colorado Renewable Portfolio Standard for municipal utilities (10% renewable energy by 2020).
It also removes any purchase of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) or carbon offsets. At any
point, if Council wishes to advance progress on carbon goals more rapidly, it would be possible to
consider purchases of carbon offsets. Offsets sold through the Colorado Carbon Fund will be
generated from projects in Colorado, with a portion of the revenue returned to local communities.
As always, the purchase of offsets should be considered after cost-effective conservation and
efficiency strategies have been implemented.
The quantified measures contained in the draft Plan are briefly described below.
Expand Climate Wise Program - Climate Wise is a successful program that supports local
businesses and organizations in reducing and tracking their greenhouse gas emissions while saving
money. This measure adds new personnel and resources to the program near-term, enabling more
partners to join and providing more assistance to partners, further increasing emissions reductions.
Local Government Organizations Set Greenhouse Gas Goals - Recognizing the importance of
leading by example, the measure calls for Colorado State University, the City of Fort Collins and
Latimer County to join Poudre School District in establishing goals to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions(if not yet established)and to make progress on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from
internal operations.
Community Climate Challenge-Develop a local Community Climate Challenge for the residential
sector, focusing on an educational campaign to promote actions with a goal of reducing 1%of per
capita greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions. A key component would be youth-focused programs(in-
school programs, scouts, youth groups, church groups, services groups, etc.).
Colorado Carbon Fund- Partner with the Governor's Energy Office to participate in the Colorado
Carbon Fund that will sell carbon offsets. Market the program heavily and urge citizens and
businesses to purchase offsets to reduce their carbon footprint. Use the"reinvestment"dollars that
will be returned to Fort Collins for additional carbon reduction projects.
Push Towards 50%Waste Diversion Goal—A number of strategies have been identified from the
Draft Strategic Plan for 50% Waste Diversion that are especially effective at reducing greenhouse
gas emissions. These strategies include a residential yard waste drop-off site,the option to recycle
yard waste though trash haulers, and an ultimate ban on yard waste from curbside trash collection.
Construction and demolition debris reduction and banning cardboard from curbside collection are
also strategies recommended to reduce GHG emissions. Many of these strategies are also being
considered under the Trash Services Study.
2008 Energy Policy
Electricity use comprises 48%of Fort Collins GHG emissions. The draft 2008 Fort Collins Energy
Policy proposes a 2050 vision "to serve the community with highly reliable, affordable carbon
neutral electric service,guided by an ethic of sustainable innovative and responsible management."
The policy has four goals:
October 28, 2008 Page 8
1. Provide highly reliable electric service.
2. Support the community's carbon emissions goal of reducing the City's carbon footprint 20%
below 2005 levels by 2020 and 80% by 2050.
3. Enhance local economic vitality.
4. Maintain Fort Collins Utilities collaborative relationship with Platte River Power Authority.
To achieve these goals,it also proposes the several actions that support carbon reduction including:
• Develop a methodology for reporting carbon emissions and savings related to overall
electricity consumption,reductions in energy use from efficiency programs, substitution of
fossil fuel based electricity with renewable or clean resources and increases in use of
electricity for transportation.
• Reduce electric utility related emissions 20%below 2005 levels by 2020.
• Reduce electricity use 1%per year through energy efficiency and conservation programs.
• Comply with the state-mandated Renewable Portfolio Standard(10%renewable energy by
2020).
• Increase the contribution of renewable energy enough to reach 20%reduction by 2020,after
accounting for the contributions of energy efficiency, conservation, minimum renewable
energy requirements and voluntary renewable energy programs.
• Develop a SmartGrid road map by the end of 2009.
• By 2020, manage 10% of peak load demand through load management, smart grid, and
distributed generation.
Natural Gas Energy Conservation
Natural gas use comprises 19%of Fort Collins greenhouse gas emissions. This measure would seek
to replace Xcel Energy's Occupation Tax with a Franchise Fee Agreement. Under a new agreement,
the City would charge Xcel 3% of annual revenue for gas sales. Xcel would pass this increase
(approximately a 1.5%increase)on to customers and return the revenue to the City. The City could
use this additional revenue to fund climate protection programs. Most local governments in
Colorado have a 3% franchise fee for natural gas, including Longmont and Loveland.
Update Residential Building Code
Fort Collins has historically been on the leading edge of progressive building and energy code
updates with local amendments. The residential code was significantly updated in 2005 to the 2003
IRC and the 2005 Fort Collins Residential Energy Code, which exceeds the model code energy-
efficiency. The Commercial Code was updated in 2008 to the latest model energy code(ASHRAE
90.1-2007 and IECC 2006).
In 2008 and 2009,the City will again consider upgrades to the residential building and energy codes.
The City could consider the recently adopted 2009 IECC model energy code governing new home
construction that will offer significant improvements over the current code or other options such as
the "30% Solution", an alternative code that boosts energy efficiency 30% over the former model
code.
October 28, 2008 Page 9
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)
This measure recommends enhanced implementation of four key strategies to reduce Fort Collins
VMT by just under 2%. The four areas are Walking and Bicycling Improvements, Transportation
Demand Management-Type Programs with Employer Focus, School Transport Management
Programs, and Transit Service Improvements.
Modern Roundabouts for New or Major Redeveloped Intersections
Roundabouts are an alternative to the standard traffic signal that provide a safer, more efficient,
economically advantageous and environmentally friendly way to move traffic along the roadway
system. This strategy recommends that the City build five roundabouts at new or significantly
redeveloped intersections. Consideration of roundabouts is already required under a 2001 City
ordinance.
Non-Quantified Strategies
Fort Collins' 2020 goal allows the opportunity to embrace strategies that have a long-term benefit
yet take more time to develop and implement. The draft Plan also include measures that have not
been quantified but that can play an important role in making progress towards the 2020 goal. These
strategies are listed in Table 4 below and described in the draft Climate Action Plan.
Table 4. Summary of Non-Quantified Measures
Community Engagement
• City of Fort Collins Government Leadership
Transportation
• Seek adequate funding to implement transportation plans,with funding for transit as a
priority to achieve best practices.
• Develop partnerships to reduce vehicle travel
• Parking management.
Land Use
Implement Land Use Code changes that support greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
• Promote and pursue infrll and refill development.
• Promote transit-oriented development.
• Consider requirements for new developments to have less travel demand than
comparable existing developments.
October 28, 2008 Page 10
Green Building
Regular updates of Building Energy Codes.
• Continued support for above Code green building initiatives.
Time of sale Energy Conservation Ordinance
• Require Green Building as a prerequisite for public financing
• Explore Net Zero Ready homes.
• Explore LEED for neighborhoods.
Urban Forestry
• Promote tree planting.
Support state and federal climate protection actions.
A key to the achievement of any goal is measurement and accountability. Progress towards the 2020
goal will be monitored through changes to the community-wide emissions inventory. During 2009,
the City will assess its inventory methodology and update it if appropriate. As inventory
methodologies evolve, the baseline (2005) and subsequent inventories will be updated to reflect
those changes.
Annual Report
Resolution 2008-051 calls for an annual report tracking progress toward attainment of the goals
established for 2020 and 2050. This annual report should include an evaluation of community-wide
greenhouse gas emissions and a list of quantified reduction activities for the prior year. This report
will be prepared by the City's Energy Management Team and presented to the City Manager no later
than June for the prior year. Annual reporting will commence in 2009 for the year of 2008.
Biennial Review
Resolution 2008-051 also establishes a requirement that biennially, at least six months in advance
of the City's budget,a report should be prepared that evaluates progress on greenhouse gas reduction
relative to interim milestones and recommend actions for future implementation. The interim
milestones identified in Table 5 below approximate a linear descent from 2007 to 2020. However,
progress towards the 2020 goal may not follow a linear path,as some programs take longer to ramp
up and as future carbon reduction opportunities emerge. The biennial review process will address
progress towards the 2020 goal and recommend adjustments as necessary. The biennial review
reports will serve as informal updates to the Climate Action Plan.
October 28, 2008 Page 11
Table 5. Biennial Review Schedule
Year Annual Milestone Biennial Review Budget Recommendations
Progress
Report
2009 X Fall 2009 for 2010/2011
2010 X
2011 X Spring 2011 for 2010 Fall 2011 for 2012/2013
2012 X 2,466,000
2013 X Spring 2013 for 2012 Fall 2013 for 2014/2015
2014 X
2015 X Spring 2015 for 2014 Fall 2015 for 2016/2017
2016 X 2,263,000
2017 X Spring 2017 for 2016 Fall 2017 for 2018/2019
2018 X
2019 X Spring 2019 for 2018 Fall 2019 for 2020/2021
2020 X 2,032,000
III. Potential Benefits and Impacts of draft Climate Action Plan Strategies
Council has asked for more information on the estimated costs, savings benefits and impacts
associated with implementing strategies in the draft Climate Action Plan. Implementing some of
these strategies will not be easy;nor will it be cost-free. However,because these strategies are cost-
effective, the future payback is expected to be large. A number of other climate plans have been
developed that show significant net savings in the future. For example, the 55 quantified
recommendations of the Colorado Climate Action Panel are anticipated to save a net $2.6 billion
dollars for Coloradoans by 2020. The Boulder County Sustainable Energy Plan will lead to $445M
in annual cost savings by the year 2020. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that the cost
of inaction is much higher than the cost of taking responsible action now to address climate change.
To the extent possible, cost and benefit estimates are presented below and summarized in
Attachment 4. As strategies in the draft Climate Action Plan are brought forward individually for
Council consideration,staff will develop comprehensive analyses addressing the full range of costs
and benefits. The ancillary benefits associated with each measure is contained in the draft Climate
Action Plan.
October 28, 2008 Page 12
Expand Climate Wise Program
Historic data from the program indicates that partners implement carbon reduction strategies at a net
cost-savings. On average, partners invest$16.63/ton CO2 avoided (2003 through 2006 reporting
period), and realize an average savings of$20.09/ton CO2 avoided, for a net savings. In 2007,
cumulative savings to partners reached nearly $12.5 million for participating in this voluntary
program.
Local Government Organizations Set Greenhouse Gas Goals
The City of Fort Collins alone spends over $1.9 million on the utilities for the majority of its
buildings. Over three-fourths of this is for electricity and natural gas. Facility efficiency upgrades
and conservation efforts by employees will lower the City's utility bills and reduce the risks
associated with price increases and price volatility, as well as lowering the carbon footprint.
Through the development of enhanced energy management systems, coincident peak demand
charges($479,000 in 2007,representing nearly 50%of the total utility bill for major City buildings),
can be significantly lowered as well.
Community Climate Challenge
Implementing a community climate challenge provides an important avenue to raise citizen
awareness about the issue of climate change,promote the wide range of existing incentive programs,
and offer citizens more opportunities to implement carbon-reducing activities. As residents learn
about and voluntarily chose to reduce carbon emissions, they can also realize savings through
reduced energy and fuel consumption, lower trash bills, etc.
Fort Collins Utilities estimates spending $30,000 to implement a pilot program in 2009, focusing
on outreach and promotion of existing incentive programs.
Colorado Carbon Fund
The Colorado Carbon Fund will sell carbon offsets generated from Colorado projects at $20/ton
CO2. To achieve 5,000 tons of CO2 offsets by 2012, two percent of Fort Collins citizens (2,600
people) could purchase offsets for one round-trip flight from Denver to New York City at a cost of
$34 each, or 250 households could purchase $400 of offsets annually and become carbon neutral
(assuming an average household footprint of20 tons CO2e/year). The Colorado Carbon Fund would
return between $8,000 - $34,000 to Fort Collins for reinvestment in local projects for every 5,000
tons CO2 offsets purchased by the Fort Collins community.
Push Towards 50% Waste Diversion Goal
The strategies included for consideration under this measures were modeled in 2006 for costs and
carbon benefits. If implemented, all the strategies are estimated to cost the City$235,000/year by
2010. All the proposed strategies are roughly estimated to cost households approximately
$10.50/year by 2010.
October 28, 2008 Page 13
There are five strategies recommended by staff for higher priority consideration. They include
increasing customer education and outreach, providing larger recycling containers, requiring trash
haulers to provide residential yard waste collection,developing public/private partnerships for glass
and paper recycling drop-off sites, and banning cardboard from the waste stream. If only these five
strategies were implemented, the estimated cost to the City would be $106,000/year by 2010. In
addition to the modeled cost estimated given here, additional staffing for enforcement of new
regulations may be necessary.
Collectively, all the strategies recommended in the Climate Action Plan are estimated to divert
15,000 tons of solid waste from the landfill and to increase the community's waste diversion rate by
almost 4%. By 2010,it is estimated that$75,000 in landfill gate fee costs would be avoided through
resultant diversion of materials from the landfill.
Staff is currently developing updated information about several of these strategies for future Council
consideration.
2008 Energy Policy
Implementation plans for elements of the Energy Policy will be developed and presented to Council
during budget and typical review processes.
Natural Gas Energy Conservation
Fort Collins currently receives $445,000/year from the "Gas Company Occupation Tax"levied on
Xcel Energy. This agreement was established in the late 1980s. Many local governments in
Colorado instead, levy a franchise fee for the provision of natural gas, including but not limited to
Ault, Blanca, Breckenridge, Broomfield, Brush, Boulder, Denver, Dacono, Glendale, Gunnison,
Littleton, Longmont, Louisville, Loveland, Mead, Platteville, Thornton, Steamboat Springs,
Westminster,and Wiggins. Several of these municipalities have negotiated these agreements in the
past few years,including Denver(2006),Broomfield,Breckenridge,Littleton(2008),and Loveland
(2005). Boulder is currently renegotiating its agreement which is set to expire in 2010. The vast
majority of these agreements are to receive 3%of the revenue collected from the sale and transport
of gas.
Xcel Energy has estimated that Fort Collins would receive$1,000,000/year from a 3%franchise fee
agreement. This additional cost would be passed onto customers. Since the current Occupation Tax
provides about half of that revenue, the anticipated increase to gas customers would be
approximately 1.5%. The table below shows the distribution of Xcel Energy natural gas customers
in Fort Collins in 2007.
October 28, 2008 Page 14
2007 Weather Normal Percent of total
Sales
(Decatherms)
Residential 3,528,977 44.28%
Commercial 1,411,058 17.70%
Industrial and Transportation 3,030,328 38.02%
TOTAL 7,970,363 100%
A 1.5%rate increase is roughly estimated to have the following financial impacts:
• Increase household natural gas bill$12/year if their annual bill is$800 to$18/year if the total
annual bill is $1,200/year.
• It is difficult to estimate the impact on commercial and industrial customers,since their usage
levels vary significantly.
The additional revenue of approximately $555,000/year from a franchise fee agreement could be
added to the General Fund to fund energy efficiency programs locally.
Residential Building Code Update
Nationally, residential and commercial buildings are the largest consumer of energy. 43% of Fort
Collins' carbon emission come from residential and commercial buildings. It is more cost-effective
to incorporate energy efficiency measures into new construction and major renovation,because the
improvements can be financed as part of the entire package and benefits are realized throughout the
entire life of the building. City policy requires that the effect of new regulation on housing
affordability be assessed. The 2004 Residential Energy Code update was estimated to save home
owners 7-10%on their monthly energy bills.
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel
Since the City of Fort Collins is already implementing VMT-reduction efforts in all of the areas
identified in the Climate Action Plan, these measures refer to efforts beyond the current level.
Consequently, increased capital and operations funding will be needed to implement the strategies.
Major transportation capital projects may take time to pay off but achieve multiple other important
community values.
Programs that reduce the amount of miles driven or improve fleet mobility can lower participants'
fuel costs. For every 100 miles not driven, a motorist could save$23, if fuel costs are$3.50/gallon,
and save $0.56/mile in vehicle maintenance costs.
October 28, 2008 Page 15
Roundabouts
In addition to providing enhanced safety,roundabouts reduce fuel use by improving traffic flow and
speed. This translates to fuel savings for motorists. A study of 10 roundabouts in Virginia
demonstrated 200,000 gallons of fuel savings annually.
Construction costs are typically less for roundabouts than traditional intersections. The estimated
cost savings for the proposed roundabout at Harmony and Shields(which was not constructed)was
$900,000. Annual maintenance cost savings from roundabouts versus signalized intersections are
conservatively estimated at$2,500/year. The annual cost savings for the Taft/Vine roundabout have
been estimated at$5,000/year.
In summary, there is no doubt that reducing the community's carbon footprint will be a major
challenge. Implementing carbon-reduction strategies will have up front costs that can lead to long-
tern savings. As Council considers these items individually, it can determine the pace of progress
towards the 2020 carbon goal in light of evolving City budget and policy priorities as well as carbon
markets and technology.
Benefits to the community from implementing these strategies will be significant. Not only will the
CO2 footprint be reduced, but the City will introduce leading edge practices and technologies that
will save consumers and businesses money, create new business opportunities, and cement Fort
Collins reputation and reality as a high performing, vibrant, attractive place to live and to do
business.
The estimated cost of implementing a suggested "first tier" subset of actions in the draft Climate
Action Plan ranges from$236,000-$306,000/year to the City. The suggested"first tier"strategies
that have an estimated cost to the City are:
• Expand Climate Wise
• Community Climate Challenge
• Increasing residential recycling education
• Provide larger recycling containers
• Requiring trash haulers to provide residential yard waste collection for added cost
• Develop public/private partnerships for glass and paper recycling drop-off sites
• Banning cardboard from the waste stream
See Attachment 4 for more details.
IV. Public Outreach
The following Council boards and Commissions have received an update in the past two months on
the draft Climate Action Plan. If they have not already,these boards will consider making a formal
recommendation to Council in November.
• Air Quality Advisory Board (recommendation to be provided to Council)
• Economic Advisory Commission
• Electric Board
October 28, 2008 Page 16
• Natural Resources Advisory Board
• Transportation Board (recommendation to be provided to Council)
The following additional outreach is planned:
• November 12, 2008 Northside Aztlan Center - Public Open House on draft Climate
Action Plan
• November Chamber Legislative Affairs Committee
V. Key Council Decision Points for Implementation of the Climate Action Plan
The proposed Climate Action Plan provides a list of strategies to advance Fort Collins carbon
reduction efforts. Many of them will need to be implemented if Fort Collins is to make substantive
progress on its carbon reduction goals. Through budget and other policy decisions, Council can
control the rate and timing of implementation. As these strategies are further developed and
proposed for Council consideration in the coming years, Council will have the ability to make
implementation decisions on a step-by-step basis,taking into account changing circumstances and
evolving City priorities and needs.
It is anticipated that Council will have the opportunity to consider the items listed below within the
next two years.
Fall 2008
• Consider 2009 budget exception requests to support Utilities' programs
• Consider whether to pursue a franchise fee agreement with Xcel for natural gas
• Consider adoption of a new Electric Energy Policy
• Consider adoption of Climate Action Plan - December 2, 2008
2009
• Consider additional electric rate changes to fund implementation of the Electric Energy
Policy
• Consider adoption of Transit Strategic Plan
• Possible budget exceptions request to support Climate Wise
• Consider implementation of any new waste reduction initiatives that come out of Trash
Services Study, such as curbside yard waste or changes to haulers' licensing requirements
Fall 2009 (2010/2011 budget requests)
• Capital and operations funding for transportation
• Capital and operations requests for municipal carbon reduction projects
• Budget requests for any new solid waste reduction initiatives that were adopted as a result
of 2008 Trash Services Study, including budget request for additional 1 FTE.
October 28, 2008 Page 17
V1. Next Step
Staff plans to incorporate input from this Council work session, complete the public outreach, and
bring forward the Climate Action Plan for Council consideration on December 2, 2008.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Draft Climate Action Plan.
2. Excerpt of draft Transportation Board minutes.
3. Excerpt of draft Natural Resources Advisory Board minutes.
4. Estimated Cost of Implementing Select Measures in the Draft Climate Action Plan.
5. Summary of August 26, 2008 Work Session.
6. Powerpoint Presentation.
City ATTACHMENT 1
F6rt Coth
11 :
Fort Collins
Climate Action
Interim Strategic Plan Towards 2020 Goal
" '.
. Q
DraftOctober 2008
Climate Action Plan Outline
Table of Contents
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 . . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . 1
Need For Climate Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Benefits of Climate Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Role of Local Governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Opportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Fort Collins Evolving Commitment
to Greenhouse Gas Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Original Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Goal and Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Success to Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Reporting and Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Climate Task Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
New Greenhouse Gas Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . . . 10
Development of Fort Collins Climate Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Projections . . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I * . 12
Climate Protection Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Support for Multiple Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Existing Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
New Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 16
New Qualitative Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 39
Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
AnnualReport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 39
Biennial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix — City Council Resolution 2008-051 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Acknowledgements
Our gratitude goes out to members of the 2007/2008 Fort Collins Climate Task
Force for their significant contribution to the content of this Plan . Thanks are also
due to citizens and Board and Commission members for sharing their insights
and suggestions along the way, and to the City Manager and City staff who
worked in many capacities to support the process.
Executive Summary
The Challenge
-t, Widespread consensus exists that human emissions of greenhouse gases are im-
pacting Earth's climate system, causing the potential for unprecedented large-scale
adverse health, social, economic and ecological effects. Coloradoans may not be
surprised by predictions such as these because we are already seeing the changes.
14
�++ Observations in recent decades show that Colorado is already experiencing shorter
and warmer winters, with thinner snow pack and earlier spring runoff, less precipita-
tion overall, longer periods of drought, more wildfires and other ecological effects
potentially related to climate change.
k
a1
Our Responsibility
Local communities are vulnerable to the many risks posed by a changing climate.
Likewise, cities can make a difference in avoiding climate instability by exercising key
powers over land use, transportation, building construction, waste management and
energy and water supplies and management. It is fitting for local governments to take
responsibility for emissions occurring within their jurisdictions. Local actions not only
bring local benefits, they can speed the development of technology-based solutions
and promote more rapid market transformation that will help drive reductions in
global emission levels.
Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions
About half of Fort Col Iins' greenhouse gas emissions come from electricity use, primar-
ily to light and cool buildings. The second largest source is emissions from combus-
tion of fossil fuels for transportation (30%) . The third largest source is natural gas use,
primarily for heating buildings (�20%) and a small portion of emissions result from
organic matter decay in the landfill .
Fort Collins 2007 Greenhouse Fort Collins 2007 Greenhouse Emissions
Gas Emissions by Source Sources by Use Sectors
2.65 Millon Tons CO2 2.65 Millon Tons CO2
Waste
4% Waste
4%
Residential
24%
Transport
Transport Electricity 29%
29% 49%
Commercial
19%
Natural Gas Industrial
18% 24%
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Fort Collins Greenhouse Reduction Goals and Efforts -
In 1999 Fort Collins was among the first wave of communities in the nation to commit At
to reducing local emissions. City Council adopted a greenhouse gas reduction goal for
2010 and a plan to meet it. Through innovation, leadership and local involvement, the
community has benefited significantly from climate protection actions. Thanks to the
success of the voluntary Climate Wise program, for example, by 2007, innovative busi-
nesses avoided emitting more than 82,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2e),
while saving over $ 12 million since 2000. As a result of foresight in leadership, Fort _
Collins established the first renewable energy standard in the state of Colorado. And
our participatory community tells us through recent surveys that they not only sup-
port but also expect further greening efforts.
♦ . ~ " �f y C •rL4
In 2008 City Council renewed its commitment to climate protection by adopting
Colorado's statewide goals to reduce emissions. I�
• Reduce emissions 20% below 2005 levels by 2020 `
• Reduce emissions 80% below 2005 levels by 2080
During 2007 and 2008, a dedicated citizen task force worked to recommend actions
that will help Fort Collins make progress on climate protection . Their report can be
found at: http://fcgov.com/ctf
Fort Collins Greenhouse Reduction Goals
490009000
Business As Usual Forecast
3,5009000 ,
31000,000
Emissions 2= Intant =
O 2, 5009000 qr
U 2,0009000 2020 Goal = 2,032,000
195009000
12
1 ,000,000
5009000 2050 Goal = 508 000
0
% �0t �� 0`I. fro ^O �b �� ,L'L ,fro „�O „�a „5 'L
,y0
Year
Climate Action Plan
This Climate Action Plan offers a well-considered list of strategies that will help Fort
Collins advance our progress towards future carbon reduction goals, while affording
the community other economic and environmental benefits. The Plan is based largely
on the recommendations of the Climate Task Force. It builds upon existing successes
and encompasses a range of strategies such as expanding the enormously successful
Climate Wise program, increasing residential and business recycling, reducing vehicle
miles traveled, providing various incentives for reducing CO2 and increasing energy
efficiency. It offers cost-effective strategies that will also support our local economy,
reduce risks for energy and fuel price increases and volatility and bring a wide range of
other environmental, social and economic benefits. Actions that reduce greenhouse
emissions also support other local community goals and contribute to sustaining Fort
Collins as a vibrant, world class community.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
New Measures
2072 Estimated Benefit 2020 Estimated Benefit
MEASURE NAME (Tons COze) (Tons CO�e)
EXISTING MEASURES 104,000 104,000
MENU OF OPTIONS
COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP
Expand Climate Wise 73,000 - 94,000 143,000
Government Organizations Set GHG Goals 42,000 217,000
Community-wide Climate Challenge 28,000 34,000
Colorado Carbon Fund 51000 8,000
Community Leadership Sub-total 148,000 - 169,000 402,000
RECYCLING - Push Toward 50% Diversion Goal
Ban cardboard from waste stream 46,000 - 58,000 68,000
Private paper/glass drop-off 51000- 6,000 81000
Increase residential education 41000 - 51000 15,000
Larger residential recycling containers 31000 - 41000 5,000
Require haulers to provide residential
yard waste collection for added cost 11000 11000
Enhance residential PAYT (2nd can costs more) 11 ,000 - 17,000 21 ,000
Commercial recycling co-ops 11000 - 71000 8,000
Residential yard waste drop-off and ban yard waste 0 - 4,000 5,000
C&D Drop-off 0 - 34,000 39,000
C&D contract preferences for City contracts 11000 1 ,000
Commercial recycling fee embedded in rates
(Additional benefit above cardboard ban) 81 ,000
Recycling Sub-total 73,000 - 737,000 253,000
ENERGY
2008 Energy Policy
Efficiency Programs 20,000 - 30,000 214,000
SmartGrid, Advanced Metering
Infrastructure, Pricing, Conservation 10,000 - 20,000 246,000
Renewable Energy (Colorado Renewable
Portfolio Standard and voluntary programs) 0 190,000
Natural Gas Energy Conservation 5,000 - 101000 52,000
Energy Sub-total 35,000 - 60,000 703,000
GREEN BUILDING
Update Residential Building Code 11000 41000
Green Building Sub-total 11000 41000
TRANSPORTATION
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel 2,000 - 12,000 14,000
Modern Roundabouts 11000 21000
Transportation Sub-total 31000 - 13,000 16,000
TOTAL (before double-counting removed) 366,000 - 486,000 11481,000
*Double-counting between measures with overlapping benefits was addressed as follows:
• Climate Wise - 509/6 overlap with other measures
• Gov. Orgs Set GHG Goals - 75 % overlap
• Community Climate Challenge - 90% overlap
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Local Carbon Offset Program - 62% overlap
iii
If fully implemented, the Plan will bring Fort Collins to nearly 80% of the 2012 reduc-
tion objective and 90% of the 2020 goal . Annual progress reports and biennial reviews .
will allow the plan to evolve along with City budget priorities, carbon markets and
technology opportunities. " r
f'M ,
Future Projection Reduction Estimated
(Business As Usual) Goal Needed Reductions from
Year Tons CO2 Tons CO2 Tons CO2 Climate Action Plan
M a
2012 21951 ,000 21466,000 485,000 tons/yr 268,000 - 378,000
in 2012 tons/yr in 2012
2020 31407,000 2,032,000 1 ,375,000 tons/yr 11212,000
in 2020 tons/yr in 2020
2050 Not calculated 508,000 1 ,524,000/year
below 2020 goal level Not estimated
Fort Collins' 2020 goal allows the opportunity to embrace strategies that have a long-
term benefit yet take more time to develop and implement. The Plan also includes
measures that have not been quantified but that can play an important role in mak-
ing progress towards the 2020 goal . These strategies are listed in the table below and
described in this Climate Action plan .
Summary of New Qualitative Measures
Community Engagement
• City of Fort Collins Government Leadership
Transportation
• Seek Adequate Funding to Implement Transportation Plans,
with Funding for Transit as a Priority to Achieve Best Practices
• Develop Partnerships to Reduce Vehicle Travel
• Parking Management
Land Use
• Implement Land Use Code Changes that
Support Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
• Promote and Pursue Infill and Refill Development
• Promote Transit-Oriented Development
• Consider Requirements for New Developments to Have Less
Travel Demand than Comparable Existing Developments
Green Building
• Regular Updates of Building Energy Codes
• Continued Support for Above Code Green building Initiatives
• Time of Sale Energy Conservation Ordinance
• Require Green Building as a Prerequisite for Public Financing
• Explore Net Zero Ready Homes
• Explore LEED for Neighborhoods
Urban Forestry
• Promote Tree Planting
Support State and Federal Climate Protection Actions
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
iv
„ . . Conclusion
Reducing our community's carbon footprint will be a major challenge. Implementing
• R some of these strategies will not be easy; nor will it be cost free. However, because
these strategies are cost-effective, the future payback is expected to be large. It is
far more costly to ignore global warming than to take action to avert the worst of its
impacts. An increasing number of studies show that, in addition to being less costly
( overall, taking action to avert global warming can be immediately profitable.
`^ ^ Fortunately, Fort Collins abounds with innovators and technical expertise that can be
harnessed to help address this challenge. Organizations leading sustainability efforts
locally include Poudre School District, Colorado State University and the wide array of
”- - Climate Wise partners who have publicly committed to voluntarily reduce their orga-
+ '' ' ' nization's greenhouse gas emissions. The groundbreaking work of the Clean Energy
Cluster and the vision of FortZED position Fort Collins well for success in reducing
emissions while maintaining a robust economy.
The benefits to our community from increased efforts to reduce carbon emissions will
be significant. Not only will our CO2 footprint be reduced, but the City will introduce
leading edge practices and technologies that will save consumers and businesses
money, create new business opportunities and cement Fort Collins' reputation and
reality as a high performing, vibrant and attractive place to live and conduct business.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
v
Introduction
Need For Climate Protection
Widespread consensus exists that human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) are
. . . . r r impacting Earth's climate system, causing the potential for unprecedented large-scale AM. _
adverse health, social, economic and ecological effects. In the past two decades, the '
It
science connecting global warming to human augmentation of the greenhouse effect
has progressed dramatically. Many changes that had been predicted are now occur-
ring, and the observed pattern of change points to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Climate disruption is likely to cause, and may already be causing, damage to the en Now
-
vironmental and economic health of Colorado communities, introducing risks associ-
ated with reduced snow pack and earlier snowmelt that could affect both water supply
and tourism and secondary impacts such as changes in agriculture economics.
Two summary reports of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released in wluq�
2007 find that global warming is real and will have significant impacts. Approximately
600 authors from 40 countries produced the IPCC reports. Over 620 expert reviewers
and a large number of government reviewers also participated . Representatives from
113 governments reviewed and revised the summaries before adopting them .
In February 2007 Working Group I of the IPCC released a summary for policy makers on
the science of climate change. They concluded that:
• Warming of the climate system is unequivocal .
• Most of the warming that our climate system has experienced in the last 50 years
is very likely (meaning over 90% likely) due to human caused greenhouse gas
emissions.
• It is very likely (meaning over 90% likely) that heat extremes, heat waves and heavy
precipitation will become more frequent.
In April 2007 Working Group II of the IPCC released a summary of expected global
warming impacts. Their conclusions about impacts in North America include:
• Tens of millions of Americans are likely to be exposed to greater risk for injury, dis-
ease and mortality due to higher pollution levels, more frequent and more intense
heat waves, more intense storms and more favorable conditions for the spread of
water and insect-borne diseases, in the absence of effective counter-measures.
• Western regions are already facing increased water scarcity and are expected to
experience inadequate water supplies and reliability losses as snow pack diminishes
and evaporation increases.
• North American forests face escalating destruction from increasing outbreaks of
wildfire, insect infestation and disease.
• Between 15% and 40% of North American plant and animal species are likely to
become extinct by 2050.
Coloradoans may not be surprised by predictions such as these. Observations in recent
decades show that Colorado is already seeing the following :
• Shorter and warmer winters, with thinner snow pack and earlier spring runoff.
• Less precipitation overall, and more falling as rain than snow.
• Longer periods of drought.
• More wildfires, burning twice as many acres each year than before 1980.
• Rapid spread of West Nile Virus due to higher summer temperatures.
INTRODUCTION
1
The European Union considers that a temperature rise of 2 degrees Celsius (3 .6°
Fahrenheit) over pre-industrial times is the threshold for "dangerous change" that must
be avoided . The Center for International Climate and Environmental Research in Oslo
found that, in order to have a 50% chance of avoiding this 2 degree Celsius threshold,
we would have to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases 80% by the year 2050,
at the latest.
The cost of inaction may exceed the cost of taking action by an order of magnitude.
.L ; Sir Nicholas Stern, head of the UK Government Economic Service and former Chief
Economist of the World Bank, stated in October 2006:
There is still time to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, if we take action now. . .
If we don't act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at
least 5916 of global GDP per year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is
taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20916 of GDP or more. . .
In contrast, the cost of action — reducing greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst
impacts of climate change — can be limited to around 196 of GDP per year.
The evidence of climate change is overwhelming and undeniable. The vast majority
of scientists agree that global warming is real, it's already happening and that it is the
result of human activities and not a natural occurrence. We are already seeing changes.
It is far more costly to ignore global warming than to take action to avert the worst of
its impacts.
Benefits of Climate Protection
An increasing number of studies show that, in addition to being less costly overall,
taking action to avert global warming can be immediately profitable.
Nations and corporations that take action to reduce greenhouse gases end up sav-
ing money. David Northrop, director of Sustainable Development for the Rockefeller
Brothers Fund, reported in July 2006, " Every company and city taking action to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions has saved money doing so:' Examples include:
Table 1 — Example Economic Benefits
Greenhouse
Entity Gas Reductions Economic Benefits
DuPont 72% since 1990 $ 2 Billion Savings
Alcoa 26% since 1990 $ 100 Million Savings
through 2006
British Petroleum 10% below 1990 $650 Million Net
Present Value Savings
IBM 38% $ 791 Million
Germany 19% since 1990 450,000 New Jobs
in Renewable Energy
Urban regions can thrive while also reducing greenhouse gases, as demonstrated
by Portland/Multnomah County. While net greenhouse gas emissions in Multnomah
County are about at 1990 levels, and per capita CO2 emissions have dropped over
12%, the inflation-adjusted payroll has increased 29% and employment has increased
about 12%.
INTRODUCTION
2
Finally, to demonstrate local benefits we need look no further than Fort Col I ins' own
Climate Wise program . In 2007 Climate Wise reported a cumulative cost savings of
over $ 12 million from projects completed by partners through 2007, the same year the
partners collectively reduced over 82,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2e) .
The Fort Collins community could realize tremendous ancillary economic, envi-
ronmental and social benefits by undertaking responsible steps to combat climate
change, including : ,
• Support local businesses and stimulate economic development.
• Provide economic stimulation of research and development activities.
• Reduce home and business energy costs for heating, cooling and lighting .
• Reduce home and business motor vehicle fuel costs. ,
• Reduce dependence on foreign fuel sources.
• Reduce vulnerability to energy price increases and volatility.
• Reduce peak energy demand and improve utilization of the electricity system .
• Diversify energy supply and reduce loads on transmission system .
• Reduce air pollution emissions including ozone precursors and fine particles.
• Improve public health .
• Improve local visibility.
• Reduce waste and increase landfill diversion rates.
• Reduce vehicle miles of travel and road congestion .
• Reduce water consumption in the community.
• Increase Fort Collins' ability to adapt to a changing climate.
• Provide opportunities for regional, state and national leadership and recognition .
Local governments have strong financial incentives to address climate change.
Reducing local carbon emissions means pursuing a variety of programs and practices
that are energy prudent, and thus ultimately fiscally responsible.
Role of Local Governments
Local governments can greatly influence their communities' greenhouse gas emissions
by exercising key powers over land use, transportation, building construction, waste
management and, in many cases, energy and water supplies and management.
Cities can make a difference in avoiding climate instability. The U .S . is among the larg-
est emitters of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Across the country, more
and more local governments are committing to reduce emissions and developing
plans to achieve their pledges. Over 160 cities and counties, including Fort Collins,
have joined the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign of the International Council
for Local Environmental Initiatives ( ICLEI) . These cities represent about 20% of the
U.S. population, have reduced 23 million tons CO2 annually and have eliminated over
43,000 tons of local air pollutants.
As of June 2008, 850 mayors across the country signed the Seattle "Mayor's
Agreement;' pledging their community to:
• Strive to meet or beat the Kyoto Protocol targets in their own communities, through
actions ranging from anti-sprawl land- use policies to urban forest restoration proj-
ects and public information campaigns;
• Urge their state governments and federal government to enact policies and programs
to meet or beat the greenhouse gas emission reduction target suggested for the
United States in the Kyoto Protocol — 7% reduction from 1990 levels by 2012; and,
INTRODUCTION
3
• Urge the U.S. Congress to pass bipartisan greenhouse gas reduction legislation,
which would also establish a national emissions trading system .
It is appropriate for Fort Collins to reduce greenhouse gas emissions even if some
neighboring communities do not. City Council in 1999 adopted the policy that "The
city shall proactively identify and implement actions that reduce Fort Collins' contribu-
tion to total global greenhouse gas emissions." Numerous benefits accrue from climate
�- protection activities including pollution reduction, human heath benefits, cost savings,
` �' economic development, reduced vulnerability to peak oil, reduced dependence on
e
foreign oil, increased opportunity to attract grant funding and leadership. Collectively,
climate protection activities will enhance the sustainability of our community.
It is equally appropriate for local governments to take responsibility for their emis-
sions,sions, even if the are overshadowed b rapidly increasing emissions elsewhere in
1a. . ,o Y Y p Y g
�;� • ° c='j the world . Despite this size disparity, it should be recognized that the U.S. still leads
the world in per capita greenhouse gas emissions. By acting to reduce emissions, Fort
Collins joins other communities in sending a signal that will speed the development of
technology-based solutions and more rapidly promote the transformations needed to
drive change in global emission levels.
Cities need not wait for state or national programs to begin . It may take a few to sev-
eral years before carbon emission legislation, programs and regulations are developed.
The sooner local communities begin to take action, the sooner they will reap the
benefits.
These are some examples of Colorado cities taking action :
• Denver has committed to reduce per capita greenhouse gas emissions 10% below
1990 levels by 2011 in their Greenprint plan .
• Boulder recently passed a carbon tax that will enable their community to reduce
emissions 7% below 1990 levels by 2012 through home energy efficiency, switching
to renewable energy and alternative fuels and reducing vehicle miles of travel .
• Recognizing special vulnerability to disruptions in water supply from climate
change, Aspen launched the Canary Initiative in 2005 to reduce global warming pol -
lution, inform the public about impacts and solutions and advocate for actions at all
levels of government.
• Carbondale has committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 25% below 2004
levels by 2012, and voters passed a $ 1 .8 million Clean Energy Bond to fund a town-
owned renewable energy facility.
• Telluride has committed to decrease emissions from 2004 levels by no less than 15%
by December 2010, and by no less than another 15% of 2004 levels by December
2015 .
Opportunities
The Fort Collins community offers a unique combination of innovation and technical
expertise that can be leveraged to develop long -term sustainable solutions and facili-
tate action by community sectors and organizations to reduce emissions.
Market opportunities and technologies are evolving rapidly to support carbon reduc-
tion activities. Technology-based advancements are occurring in the areas of biofu-
els, including algae-based biofuels; electricity grid distribution improvements; and
bio- refineries that integrate biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce
fuels, power and chemicals from biomass. A dramatic increase in cleaner and more
efficient energy technology and sources has occurred in recent years. New industries
and programs bring with them strong economic growth opportunities.
INTRODUCTION
4
Northern Colorado has become a leader in many aspects of clean energy technology
development and application . The Northern Colorado Clean Energy cluster, a public/
private sector partnership, aims to provide "clean" energy by using renewable energy
(e.g ., solar and wind), efficient energy technology, green building and energy utiliza-
tion . Sixty businesses in the cluster employ more than 450 people locally. Colorado
State University is recognized internationally for pioneering clean and renewable
energy technologies. Additionally, FortZED, a zero-energy district in the historic down-
town, will begin to model what policy makers and scientists deem to be the living
situation of the future: balanced energy use and renewable energy sourcing. Action on
climate change supports the local economy by increasing demand for the services and
products that companies in the Clean Energy Cluster provide.
Markets are being created to make greenhouse gas reduction economically efficient.
Carbon markets are thriving in Europe, and although the U .S. does not have a national
carbon registry and trading policy, voluntary markets are emerging here as well .
Examples include the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI ), a greenhouse gas
cap-and-trade system being developed by seven northeast states; California's cap-
and-trade system to meet its strict greenhouse gas emission targets; and the Chicago
Climate Exchange (CCX), a voluntary mechanism for trading carbon ; and the Colorado
Carbon Fund, a voluntary carbon offset program .
In light of all these financial and business development initiatives, the Fort Collins com-
munity has the opportunity to create a thriving future based on practical energy use.
INTRODUCTION
5
' pit 1.4Fort Collins Evolving Commitment to
y0 ` : �'j� Greenhouse Gas Reduction
y
lip
ps
JOriginal Greenhouse Gas Goal and Plan
In 1997 the City of Fort Collins joined ICLEI 's Cities for Climate Protection (CCP)
Campaign . In doing so, Fort Collins committed to:
/ Develop a 1990 baseline greenhouse gas inventory and forecast for 2010.
Set a greenhouse gas reduction goal .
Develop a plan to meet the goal.
The community-wide 1990 emissions inventory showed emissions at 1 .36 million tons of
CO e, which includes both carbon dioxide and methane emissions. The majority of emir-
"'� .- sions were produced by electricity use. The 2010 forecast was developed by applying a
�_• ' '_ s business as usual projection from 1997 out to the year 2010. This included a 7% annual
increase in vehicle miles traveled, causing the transportation sector to increase signifi-
cantly. The original 2010 forecast, often referred to as the worst case forecast, shows a
160% increase in emissions above 1990 levels. Figure 1 illustrates the 1990 emissions
inventory and the 2010 forecast prepared in 1998.
Figure 1 — Fort Collins Original Emission Inventory, Forecast and Goal ( 1999)
4
15
■ Measure
❑ Forecast 3 Reductl
Goal
V2. 5 •••
W
a 2
H
c 195
1
0.5
0
1990 1995 1997 2004 2010
Years
Following completion of the emissions inventory and forecast, a Staff Technical Team
and a Citizen Advisory Committee met for over a year to identify and recommend a
prioritized list of cost-effective actions to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions. In
1999 City Council adopted Resolution 99- 137, setting a goal to "Reduce (community-
wide) greenhouse gas emissions 30% below predicted 2010 levels by 201 O " The
1999 Fort Collins Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (LAP) was also
adopted by Council Resolution 99- 137 . The plan outlined how to accomplish that goal
and called for biennial progress reporting .
FORT COLLINS EVOLVING Success to Date
COMMITMENT TO Benefits to the City from implementing the 1999 LAP have been wide- ranging and
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION include air pollution reduction, reduced waste disposal in the landfill, increased
6
support for local businesses and the economy and generally improved quality of life.
The highlights from several specific measures identified in the 1999 LAP that have now
been implemented are discussed below.
Conversion of Traffic Signals to Energy Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes
This action was ranked the highest priority for implementation in the LAP. The conver-
sion of red and green signals to LEDs in 2001 saves over $ 110,000/year in electricity
and maintenance costs, with an initial capital cost of $ 370,000, for a 3+ year payback.
Climate Wise Business Outreach
The Fort Collins Climate Wise program, a voluntary business outreach program, was
initiated in 2000 and has been growing ever since. As of 2007, the 75 partners col -
lectively avoided over 82,000 tons CO2e in that year alone, and reported over $ 12.5 ,
million in cumulative cost savings since 2001 . The program has now grown to over 115 `
partners, and the greenhouse gas reduction and cost savings are increasing as well .
2004 Update to Residential Building Code
The 2004 energy code update for Fort Collins' residential buildings requires energy
efficiency improvements (R- 18 walls, low-e windows, more effective furnaces, duct
work, right-sized AC systems) . These upgrades will save homeowners $ 90 - $ 150 a year
per home in utility costs and will avoid 1 .2- 1 .5 tons CO2e per home per year.
Wind Energy Program
Fort Collins Utilities has offered renewable energy to customers through the wind pro-
gram since 1998. The wind program went through a rebranding in 2007 to the Green
Energy program . By 2007, there were over 1 ,700 residential and over 110 commercial
subscribers, purchasing over 35,000 megawatt-hours of renewable energy.
Electric Energy Supply Policy
In addition to measures included in the 1999 LAP, the passage of the Fort Collins
Electric Energy Supply Policy in 2003 has led to significant greenhouse gas reductions.
The targets of the supply policy are:
• Reduce per capita electric consumption 10% from 2002 levels by 2012 .
• Reduce per capita peak demand 15%.
• Achieve 15% renewable energy by 2017.
A 2% fee on utility bills funds the energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.
The Policy has supported a rapid expansion of energy efficiency programs and the
addition of renewable energy to the rate- based electricity sources.
Addition of a Centralized Recycling Drop-Off Site
A City recycling drop-off facility opened at Rivendell School in March 2002 . Approxi-
mately 1 ,400 tons of materials are recycled annually. This results in approximately
1 ,800 tons CO2e avoided and provides added convenience to citizens for recycling .
Reporting & Progress
Council Resolution 99- 137 which established the original greenhouse gas goal also
called for a biennial report to track progress and identify additional greenhouse gas-
reducing activities that merit consideration, in recognition of changing scenarios and
advances in technology. Several biennial climate status reports have been completed
and are posted at: http://fcgov.com/climateprotection/poIicy.php
FORT COLLINS EVOLVING
COMMITMENT TO
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
7
Table 2 shows that the quantified tons of avoided CO2e have grown steadily since
2000. However, Figure 2 shows that the reductions have not been able to keep pace
with emissions growth, and net emissions have continued to grow.
Table 2 — Biennial Climate Protection Status Reports
Report Tons CO2 Avoided in Year % Reduction
2000 Climate 190,000 tons CO2e 9%
Protection Status Report avoided in 2000
2001 /2002 Climate 237,000 tons CO2e 10%
Protection Status Report avoided in 2001
2003/2004 Climate 241 ,000 tons CO2e 9%
Protection Status Report avoided in 2004
2005/2006 Climate 244,000 tons CO2e 9%
Protection Status Report avoided in 2006
Figure 2 — Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions
4,000
32500 2010 Forecast
m 3,000
O
V 2, 500 Goai
N
C
H 2,000 • •
_ • Actual
O Emissions
1 , 500
1 , 000
500
0
W too to O O to 0 O
c A 00 N 0 O
Following the completion of the 2005 emissions inventory, it became apparent that
Fort Collins was not on track to meet the 2010 goal, as 2005 emissions exceeded the
2010 goal threshold . One of the reasons Fort Collins is not on track to meet the 2010
goal is that the 1999 LAP included a few large strategies that were directly within
local control ( Denver Commuter Rail, More Stringent Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Standards
and Landfill Methane Capture), and one strategy was not met (VMT Growth Rate Not
Exceed Population Growth Rate) . Together, these four strategies represented over 50%
FORT COLLINS EVOLVING of the total reduction strategies contained in the original LAP. Additionally, the original
COMMITMENT TO LAP did not establish interim milestones by which to assess progress on the 2010 goal .
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
8
While early biennial climate status reports identified strategies for implementation in
the next budget cycle, projections of these strategies to 2010 were not done. Some of
the additional strategies were only partially implemented or were not implemented .
Consequently, Fort Collins could not meet the 2010 goal, despite successful implemen-
tation of a number of measures.
Climate Task Force
When it became apparent that Fort Collins was not on track to meet its 2010 emissions
target, a local community group, the Fort Collins Sustainability Group, approached City V
Council in the Fall of 2006, asking that efforts be undertaken by the City to update the
Plan . In March 2007 Fort Collins City Council passed Resolution 2007-015, approving the
formation of a task force to address the issue. (See Appendix X for Resolution 2007-015 .)
The Climate Task Force (CTF) was convened in May 2007, consisting of 12 members
representing key community organizations and stakeholders in local climate protec-
tion
p 9 Y Y g p
tion efforts.
CTF Findings
Through its investigation into climate protection in Fort Collins, the CTF made the
following findings:
• The Fort Collins community has demonstrated its leadership on the issue of climate
protection and should continue to act from a position of leadership and focused in-
tent so as to inspire other communities across the region, state and globe to likewise
step up to share in the solution .
• The community will realize tremendous ancillary economic, environmental and
social benefits when taking responsible steps to combat climate change. Accord -
ingly the goal and plan should actively pursue and manage these benefits including
but not limited to economic vitality, community cohesion, societal and individual
health, improved air quality and state and national recognition .
• The City of Fort Collins government should play a special role in energizing the com-
munity by first leading by example in greening its own operations, then by establish -
ing policy directions that will lead the community to a sustainable future, and most
importantly by inspiring community involvement.
• Fort Collins is fortunate to have a number of organizations leading sustainability ef-
forts including Poudre School District, Colorado State University and the wide array
of Climate Wise partners that have publicly committed to voluntarily reduce their
organizations' greenhouse gas emissions. For perspective, the Climate Wise program
represents the city's top employers ( representing more than 20,000 employees) and
the city's top energy users ( representing approximately one third of Fort Collins
Utilities' total annual electricity delivered). Collaborating and sharing experiences with
other leaders in the community and region will be integral to achieving success.
• Based on scientific evidence, forecasts and models under different scenarios of
action, the CTF believes that the local goal should target an 80% or greater reduc-
tion in our greenhouse gas emissions inventory by mid-century in order for Fort
Collins to perform at a level consistent with global requirements for reversing the
effects of climate change.
• In the end, we must come together as a community, a state, a nation and a globe to
dedicate ourselves to the serious task of addressing climate change while not losing
sight of the fact that we can make a difference and leave the world a better place for FORT COLLINS EVOLVING
future generations. COMMITMENT TO
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
9
CTF Process
The CTF met 17 times between May 2007 and May 2008, working primarily to develop
strategies to meet the 2010 goal . During this process, citizen input was gathered
I from several City advisory boards, two public open houses were held, and input was
received via a Web comment form . In February 2008 a preliminary list of strategies was
presented at a City Council work session, along with estimated costs and benefits. At
that time, Council decided to revisit the appropriateness of the 2010 goal . Based in
part upon recommendations from the CTF, the City Council adopted new community-
wide carbon reduction goals in May 2008. These goals are discussed below.
y The CTF revisited its recommendations in light of the new goals. The CTF final recom-
mendations address how a 2012 milestone could be met and how significant progress
towards the 2020 goal could be achieved . The CTF final recommendations were pre-
sented to the City Manager in June 2008. The full report of the CTF recommendations
can be found at: http://fcgov.com/ctf
New Greenhouse Gas Goals
In May 2008 Fort Collins City Council set visionary new community-wide greenhouse
gas goals for 2020 and 2050 that align with goals for the State of Colorado:
• Reduce GHG emissions 20% below 2005 levels by 2020
• Reduce GHG emissions 80% below 2005 level by 2050
Council also expressed interest in continuing short-term progress and stated the intent
to reduce 2012 emissions to 2 .466 million tons of CO2e (comparable to the original
2010 goal ) .
Figure 3 below illustrates these goals.
Figure 3 — Fort Collins Greenhouse Reduction Goals
49000,000
Business As Usual Forecast
395009000 ,
3,0009000 '
Emissions
215009000 =
V 2,000,000 2020 Goal = 2,032, 000
c 1 ,5009000
0
~ 190009000
5009000 2050 Goal = 508 000
0
fl ti6 �° n ko ti o ho
do ,yo ,yo ,yo tio�` ,yo�` ,yo
Year
Achieving the 2020 goal will mean reducing community emissions to 2 .032 million
tons of CO2e, a 40% drop below predicted 2020 business as usual levels. This 40% drop
equates to 1 .375 million tons of CO2e reduction that are needed by the year 2020,
FORT COLLINS EVOLVING campared to business as usual levels, to achieve the goal. In order to meet the 2012
COMMITMENT TO reduction intent, 485,000 tons of CO2 per year will be needed by 2012, compared to
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION predicted business as usual emission of that year.
10
Development of Fort Collins Climate Action Plan
Following completion of the CTF recommendations, City staff evaluated the strate-
gies, updated the assumptions and made adjustments, where necessary. This Climate
Action Plan presents a list of strategies that current and future City Councils can select
in order to continue making progress towards the 2020 goal . These flexible, innovative
strategies will benefit Fort Collins' citizens and businesses in many ways, now and into
the future, regardless of changes in carbon regulation or advancements in technology.
FORT COLLINS EVOLVING
COMMITMENT TO
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
11
-- Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Projections
x
3
An important first step in developing a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is to
understand current sources and estimate future emissions. Understanding emissions
sources can help guide the selection of reduction strategies. This inventory reflects the
two most common human-caused greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide and methane.
T
Y Fort Collins' inventory looks at total gross emissions; it does not subtract carbon
sequestration by vegetation or soils. It considers consumption-based emissions within
the energy sector by evaluating community usage of electricity and natural gas. The
emissions inventory does not factor in the energy needed to manufacture materi-
als, products and food that is transported into and used in Fort Collins. The inventory
methodology follows currently generally accepted principles and guidelines estab-
lished by ICLEI and represented in the Clean Air Climate Protection Software. As inven-
tory methodologies evolve, Fort Collins will continue to evaluate and, when appropri-
ate, update its inventory methods.
In 2007 Fort Collins generated approximately 2,653,000 tons of carbon dioxide equiva-
lent (CO 2e) ' . The largest source is electricity consumption, followed by the transpor-
tation sector and then natural gas consumption . Below, Figures 4 and 5 show 2007
emissions by emissions source and user category.
Figure 4 — Fort Collins 2007 Figure 5 — Fort Collins 2007
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse Emissions Sources
by Source by Use Sectors
2.65 Millon Tons CO2 2.65 Millon Tons CO2
Waste
4% Waste
4%
Residential
24%
Transport
Transport 29%
29% Electricity
49%
Commercial
19%
Industrial
Natural Gas 24%
18%
Emissions in Fort Collins have grown by 94% since 1990, when community-wide emis-
sions were 1 ,366,000 tons CO2e. Figures 6 and 7 compare 1990 and 2007 greenhouse gas
emissions by source. The electricity sector contribution grew from 42% in 1990 to 48%
in 2007, while the natural gas percentage dropped from 25 % to 19% of citywide GHG
emissions for the same period. The relative increase in electricity generation's contribu-
tion to emissions can be attributed to reduced availability of federal hydroelectric power
to Platte River Power Authority, increased use of electronics in homes and a dramatic
increase in the use of residential air conditioning. The transportation sector decreased
slightly in relative contribution of total GHG emissions from 1990 to 2007.
FORT COLLINS GREENHOUSE ' COe = Carbon dioxide equivalent. Since methane is at least 21 times more potent a greenhouse gas
GAS INVENTORY than carbon dioxide, the relative global warming potential ofCO2 = 1 and of methane = 21 . When
AND PROJECTIONS methane and carbon dioxide emissions are summed, they are referred to as CO2e, indicating methane
has been converted to CO2 equivalent.
12
Figure 6 — Fort Collins 1990 Emissions Figure 7 — Fort Collins 2007 Emissions
1 .366 Millon Tons CO2 2.65 Millon Tons CO2
Waste Waste
4% 4%
Transport Electricity Transport Electricity
31 % 42% 29% 49%
Natural Gas
251 Natu s
18%
Figure 8 — Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Projections to 2020
4 , 000 , 000 - 7
395009000 ❑ Waste
31000 , 000 ❑ Transportation
■ Natural Gas
a�
2 , 5009000 ❑ Electricity
0 290009000
c 195009000
12
190009000
5007000
0
co 00 N 00 O 00 Off' Oh 00
^O O N�
FORT COLLINS GREENHOUSE
GASINVENTORY
AND PROJECTIONS
13
Figure 9 illustrates that Fort Collins' emissions growth is not solely attributable to
population growth, as there has been a steady growth in per capita emission as well .
The exception is 2006. The 2006 per capita emissions drop slightly below 2005 levels.
This can be attributed to reductions in natural gas usage and the amount of solid
waste generated .
- a
Figure 9 — Fort Collins Per Capita Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Per Capita Emissions
. . 25 . 00
` - 1J 19.89 19.70 20 .09
- = 20 , 00 18. 30
-_
i 16. 19 16.40 16.79 17.82
15 . 00
_..
a
0 10.00
U
V7
C
12 5.00
0. 00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
FORT COLLINS GREENHOUSE
GASINVENTORY
AND PROJECTIONS
14
Climate Protection Strategies
Support for Multiple Goals
The majority of actions that reduce emissions also support other local community s
goals and contribute to sustaining Fort Collins as a vibrant, world class community. In
fact, many existing actions that benefit the climate were initiated to meet other prior-
ity goals, such as supporting the economy, reducing environmental impacts, exercis-
ing fiscal responsibility and increasing mobility. However, carbon reduction adds one c � _,.
more important reason for implementing these strategies. See Figure 10. -
Figure 10 — Fort Collins: A Vibrant, World Class Community
Fort Collins : A Vibrant, World Class Community ;
t
SUSTAINABILITY
( Includes climate protection )
Economic Improve Environmental
Health Transportation Health
(More green jobs) (Improved mobility) • Climate
• Energy
• Water Policy
Quality Safe . Waste Reduction
Neighborhoods Community • Natural Areas
(Efficient neighborhood design) (Roundabouts)
I Cultural
High - Performing ( Local food)
Government
(Energy efficient facilities & fleets)
Existing Measures
Efforts to identify new emissions reduction strategies should start with an analysis of
existing actions to reduce emissions. Fort Collins has been working to reduce its green-
house gas emissions since 1999, when the original reduction goal was adopted . This
Plan recognizes the role that existing efforts, if continued, will have on reducing future
emissions. It considers only the benefit of these actions above 2007 levels, as projected
out to the year 2012 under current plans and anticipated growth rates.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
15
iL. AL
Table 3 — 2012 Anticipated Benefits of Existing Actions
Estimated Tons CO2e Reduced
Measure Name in 2012 Above 2007 Levels
�• , . Energy Efficiency Programs 40,000
1 goo
I All
yYaf,
%
Climate Wise Program 371000
Single Stream Recycling 14,000
Business and Residential Recycling 71000
Electronics Waste Ban 61000
I .
c:
z a, State- mandated Natural Gas
Efficiency Programs ( HB1037) 51000
Aj
2005 Residential Energy Code 41000
FortZEDJumpstart 31000
PSD Greenhouse Gas Goal 21000
Commercial Energy Code 11000
Mason Corridor 400
VAN GO 300
Test Ride Transit and FC Bikes 100
TOTAL (After double-counting removed)* 104,000
* 5096 of Climate Wise program benefit is assumed to overlap with
other existing measure benefits.
New Measures
The strategies listed in Table 4 are identified to help Fort Collins achieve progress
towards the 2020 reduction goal . If fully implemented, the existing and new
measures combined sum up to 1 ,212,000 tons of CO2e avoided in the year 2020, or
approximately 90% of the reductions needed to meet the 2020 goal . The strategies
listed would lead Fort Collins to achieve between 55-80% of the 2012 stated reduc-
tion intent. Through the biennial review process, the list of strategies can be updated
to incorporate changes in the carbon market and technology opportunities, as well as
citizen support for climate protection and City budget priorities.
Many of the strategies presented will require significant decisions about City budget
priorities and trade-offs between community costs and benefits. However, the list of
strategies proposed here is sound and will move Fort Collins towards its carbon reduc-
tion goals.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
16
Table 4 - New Measures
The quantified,
2012 Estimated Benefit 2020 Estimated Benefit "short-term " measures
MEASURE NAME (Tons COze) (Tons C01e)
EXISTING MEASURES 104,000 104,000 are discussed in more
detail on the following
MENU OF OPTIONS
COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP pages.
Expand Climate Wise 73,000 - 94,000 143,000
Government Organizations Set GHG Goals 42,000 217,000
Community-wide Climate Challenge 28,000 34,000
Colorado Carbon Fund 51000 8,000
Community Leadership Sub-total 148,000 - 169,000 402,000
RECYCLING - Push Toward 50% Diversion Goal
Ban cardboard from waste stream 46,000 - 58,000 68,000
Private paper/glass drop-off 51000- 6,000 81000
Increase residential education 41000 - 51000 15,000
Larger residential recycling containers 31000 - 41000 5,000
Require haulers to provide residential
yard waste collection for added cost 11000 11000
Enhance residential PAYT (2nd can costs more) 11 ,000 - 17,000 21 ,000
Commercial recycling co-ops 11000 - 71000 8,000
Residential yard waste drop-off and ban yard waste 0 - 4,000 5,000
C&D Drop-off 0 - 34,000 39,000
C&D contract preferences for City contracts 11000 1 ,000
Commercial recycling fee embedded in rates
(Additional benefit above cardboard ban) 81 ,000
Recycling Sub-total 73,000 - 737,000 253, 000
ENERGY
2008 Energy Policy
Efficiency Programs 20,000 - 30,000 214,000
SmartGrid, Advanced Metering
Infrastructure, Pricing, Conservation 10,000 - 20,000 246,000
Renewable Energy (Colorado Renewable
Portfolio Standard and voluntary programs) 0 190,000
Natural Gas Energy Conservation 51000 - 10,000 52,000
Energy Sub-total 35,000 - 60,000 703,000
GREEN BUILDING
Update Residential Building Code 11000 41000
Green Building Sub-total 11000 41000
TRANSPORTATION
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel 2,000 - 12,000 14,000
Modern Roundabouts 11000 21000
Transportation Sub-total 31000 - 13,000 16, 000
TOTAL (before double-counting removed) 366,000 - 486,000 11481 ,000
TOTALdouble-counting r - . - . • : 1 1 1 1 1 1 11212,000
*Double-counting between measures with overlapping benefits was addressed as follows:
• Climate Wise - 509/6 overlap with other measures
• Gov. Orgs Set GHG Goals - 75 % overlap
• Community Climate Challenge - 90% overlap CLIMATE PROTECTION
• Local Carbon Offset Program - 62% overlap STRATEGIES
17
MEASURE
Expand Climate Wise
Estimated Additional COZ Supporting City Polices:
Savings in 2012: Resolution 07-051 — The Fort Collins community offers a unique combination of in-
73,000 - 94,000 Tons CO2e novation and technical expertise that can be utilized to develop long-term sustainable
solutions and facilitate all sectors and organizations in Fort Collins to take action to
Estimated Additional CO2 reduce emissions.
Savings in 2020:
143,000Tons CO2e Budgeting for Outcomes Economic Health Result - Support Fort Collins having a
healthy economy that reflects the values of our community in a changing world .
Double-Counting :
Considered to overlap 50% Budgeting for Outcomes Environmental Health - Seek reductions in greenhouse gas
with other short-term emissions that puts the City on track to meet the . . . policy objectives.
climate strategies
City Plan Policy ENV 1 - 73. Innovations - The City will consider adoption of successful
Lead Implementing air quality improvement strategies in effect elsewhere, including municipal practices,
Department* public information campaigns, incentive/promotion programs and regulations.
Natural Resources and Utilities
Measure Description : Climate Wise is a successful voluntary business outreach pro-
Recommended Approach gram . It offers technical assistance and recognition to partners who reduce their emis-
for Implementation : sions and report progress. This measure proposes to increase Climate Wise program
Seek new FTE and funding for savings from 82,000 tons CO2e avoided in 2007 to 200,000+ tons in 2010 by adding
expanded partner outreach as 130 new partners above 2007 levels and providing additional resources to assist exist-
soon as possible ing partners implement and report more projects. This measure adds new personnel
and resources to provide direct hands-on assistance for partners. As more partners and
Recommended Timeframe resources are added, the efficiency of the program will increase even further, due to
for Completion : economies of scale.
2010
Other Benefits:
Estimated Cost to the City: • Support local businesses and stimulate economic development
$ 100,000/yr • Improve employee attraction and retention
• Increase partner customer loyalty
Potential Funding Source(s): provide peer networking opportunities
City General Fund; grants
• Reduce business energy costs for heating, cooling and lighting
Cost Savings: • Reduce business motor vehicle fuel costs
Net $ 2/ton average savings for • Specifically, Climate Wise partners have saved over $ 12M cumulatively since 2000
CO2 avoided by Climate Wise part- . Reduce partner vulnerability to energy price increases and volatility
ners (historic average) . Reduce peak energy demand and improve utilization of the electricity system
• Reduce air pollution emissions including ozone precursors and fine particles
• Improve public health
• Improve local visibility
• Reduce waste and increase landfill diversion rates
• Reduce vehicle miles of traveled and road congestion
• Reduce water consumption in the community
• Provide opportunities for regional, state and national leadership and recognition
Relationship to Other Programs: The Colorado Climate Action Panel has recom-
mended implementation of a state-wide voluntary business program offering free
technical assistance and continuous support as a means of reducing carbon emissions
CLIMATE PROTECTION from energy, water, transportation and solid waste, emulating Fort Collins' successful
STRATEGIES Climate Wise program .
Expand Climate Wise
18
"The recognition of the Climate Wise
Program as one of the Top 50
innovative government programs in
the country speaks volumes about
the commitment by Fort Collins
businesses to lead in environmental
stewardship and economic vitality;"
says City of Fort Collins City
Manager Darin Atteberry. " We are
proud of the close collaboration the Climate Wise was selected as one of
the top 50Innovation Goverment
City has forged with local organiza- Programs in the U.S., as recognized
by Harvard University, from a pool
tions, as we pave the way to making of approximately 1, 000 applicants.
Fort Collins a world-class green city
through sustainable, economic and
quality of life improvements."
I
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Expand Climate Wise
19
MEASURE
Local Government Organizations
Establish Greenhouse Gas Goals
Estimated CO2 Savings in 2012: Supporting City Polices:
42,000Tons CO2e Air Quality Plan PolicyAQ- 16. 1 . Lead b Example xample - The City will make efforts to reduce
and mitigate its own air pollution emissions before asking or requiring others to
Estimated CO savings in 2020: reduce and mitigate their own emissions.
217,000 Tons CO2e
Air Quality Plan PolicyAQ- 16.2. Cooperation - The City will initiate and cooperate with
Double-Counting: other efforts to improve air quality, while avoiding unproductive duplication of effort.
Considered to overlap 75% Others include governmental entities, non -profit sector, businesses and educational
with other short-term climate institutions.
strategies
BFO Environmental Health — Seek reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that puts
Lead Implementing Department the City on track to meet the . . . policy objectives.
for City of Fort Collins:
Operations Services City Plan Policy ENV 1 - 13. Innovations — The City will consider adoption of successful
air quality improvement strategies in effect elsewhere, including municipal practices,
Recommended Timeframe for public information campaigns, incentive/promotion programs and regulations.
Completion:
Variable Measure Description : Recognizing the importance of leading by example, the mea-
sure supports large local government organizations (CSU, City of Fort Collins, Larimer
Estimated Cost to the City: County and Poudre School District) in making progress on carbon reduction goals. All
Currently undetermined four organizations are currently members of the Climate Wise program .
Potential Funding Source(s): In their 2006 Sustainability Management System, Poudre School District set a goal to
City General Fund; grants; reduce their emissions from energy and water 15 % between 2006 and 2016. In June
Utilities rebates 2008, Colorado State University signed the American College and University Presidents
Climate Commitment. In July 2008, CSU President Penley announced CSU 's goal to
become carbon neutral by 2020. In July 2008, the City of Fort Collins drafted a
municipal goal identical to the community's goal; to reduce emissions 20% below
2005 levels by 2020, by reducing municipal emissions at least 2% per year, starting
in 2009. Larimer County is actively implementing carbon-reduction programs and is
discussing a goal for the organization .
Recommended Approach for Implementation for the City:
• City of Fort Collins will develop a process to reduce, track and report municipal
greenhouse gas emissions by the first quarter 2009.
• All large local government organizations (CSU, PSD, City, County) will report progress
annually through Climate Wise reporting . The Climate Wise program encourages and
inspires partner members to advance to the Platinum Level, which involves complet-
ing an emissions inventory, setting a reduction goal and reporting progress.
Cost Savings: The City of Fort Collins spends over $ 1 .9 million on the utilities for the
majority of its buildings. Over 3/4 of this is for electricity and natural gas. As these utility
costs increase, the potential for avoided costs also increases.
Other Benefits:
• Reduce business energy costs for heating, cooling and lighting
CLIMATE PROTECTION • Reduce business motor vehicle fuel costs
STRATEGIES • Reduce vulnerability to energy price increases and volatility
Local Government Organizations
Establish Greenhouse Gas Goals
20
• Reduce peak energy demand and improve utilization of the electricity system
• Reduce air pollution emissions including ozone precursors and fine particles
• Improve public health
y
• Improve local visibility t�
• Reduce waste and increase landfill diversion rates M �-
• Reduce vehicle miles of traveled and road congestion
• Reduce water consumption in the community
• Provide opportunities for regional, state and national leadership and recognition ± '
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Local Government Organizations
Establish Greenhouse Gas Goals
21
MEASURE
Community Climate Challenge
Estimated CO2 Savings in 2012: Supporting City Polices:
28,000 Tons CO2e Principle ENV-9 - The City will continue to develop and implement sustainability
practices that address long-term social, environmental and economic considerations
Estimated CO2 savings in 2020: of the Fort Collins community.
34,000 Tons COze
PolicyAQ-S - Toolbox ofApproaches. The City will seek to achieve local air quality
Double-Counting: goals through education, incentives and price mechanisms and regulation .
Considered to overlap 90% with
other short-term climate strate- PolicyAQ-7 - Information. The City will report available air quality information to the
gies. Tree-planting and unantici- public on a frequent and regular basis. The City will assist citizens in finding air quality
pated behavior changes account information that is of interest to them .
for the new 10% of benefit.
Measure Description : Develop a local "Community Climate Challenge" for the
Lead Implementing residential sector, focusing on an educational campaign to promote actions with a
Department: goal of reducing 1 % of per capita GHG emissions. A key component would be youth-
Utilities (for 2009 Pilot program) focused programs (in-school programs, scouts, youth groups, church groups, services
groups, etc.) .
Estimated Cost to the City:
$ 30,000/yr (pilot program) for Recommended Approach for Implementation :
incentives plus existing staff time • Assemble interdepartmental City team for input
• Establish carbon calculator protocol
Potential Funding Source(s): Develop then implement pilot challenge
Fort Collins Utilities . Report on progress and recommendation for next steps by end of 2010
Cost Savings:
Variable Other Benefits:
• Support local businesses and stimulate economic development
• Assist businesses and citizens in meeting carbon reduction goals
• Reinvestment dollars can fund other local carbon-reducing projects
Relationship to Other Programs: Many other communities are implementing
community climate chanllenges. Denver has proposed a community climate
challenge that they believe will achieve 28% of their GHG goal . Burlington, VT, has
the " l0% Challenge," a voluntary program to raise public awareness about global
climate change and to encourage households and businesses to reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions by at least 10%.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Community Climate Challenge
22
MEASURE
Colorado Carbon Fund
Supporting City Polices: Estimated CO2 Savings in 20120
Budgeting for Outcomes Economic Health Result — Support Fort Collins having a healthy 5,000Tons CO2e
economy that reflects the values of our community in a changing world .
Estimated CO savings in 2020:
Budgeting for Outcomes Environmental Health — Seek reductions in greenhouse gas 7,000Tons CO2e (conservative)
emissions that puts the City on track to meet the . . . policy objectives.
Double-Counting:
Measure Description : The Colorado Carbon Fund is a voluntary carbon offset Considered to overlap 62%
program developed by the Governor's Energy Office (GEO) to advance the following with other short-term climate
objectives: 1 ) develop a funding source for community-based efficient energy and strategies
renewable energy projects in Colorado; 2) support Colorado's climate change mitiga-
tion objectives; and 3) provide high quality, credible offsets for individuals, businesses Lead Implementing
and government agencies interested in mitigating their carbon footprint. GEO is Department:
developing a mechanism to reinvest a portion of the revenue ( 10-40%) to participating Utilities and Natural Resources
communities. These dollars can then fund new local carbon reduction programs and
marketing efforts. Estimated Cost to the City:
Staff time to participate with
This measure recommends that the City of Fort Collins partner with GEO on the Colorado Carbon Fund
Colorado Carbon Fund, market the program heavily and urge Fort Collins citizens
and businesses to donate to the Colorado Carbon Fund to offset their emissions and Potential Funding Source(s):
support new clean energy. Voluntary purchases in private
sector at $ 20/ton
Recommended Approach for Implementation :
• Apply to the GEO for $ 3,000- $ 5,000 in grant funding for participation in the
Colorado Carbon Fund
• Consider and propose local offsets projects for Colorado Carbon Fund
• Actively promote the project to Fort Collins' businesses and citizens
• Develop and implement local clean energy projects to be funded with reinvestment
revenue
Other Benefits:
• Support local businesses and stimulate economic development
• Assist businesses and citizens in meeting carbon reduction goals
• Reinvestment dollars can fund other local carbon-reducing projects
If two percent of Fort Collins citizens
(2,600 people) offset one roundtrip
airline flight from Denver to New
York City each year, it would cost
them $34/year, would collectively
avoid 5,000 tons CO2e and would
lead to reinvestment revenue of
$8, 000 - $34,000 to support addi-
tional local programs.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Colorado Carbon Fund
23
MEASURE
Push Towards 50% Waste Diversion Goal
Savings in 20120 Estimated CO
73,000 - 137,000 Tons CO2e Supporting City Polices:
PRINCIPLE ENV- 10 — The city will apply cost-effective pollution prevention and zero-
Estimated CO savings in 2020: waste strategies that will help protect all environmental resources, including air, soil
253,000 Tons CO2e and water and accelerate the community's ability to meet the city's adopted goal of
diverting 50% of the waste stream from disposal in landfills by 2010.
Lead Implementing
Department: ENV 10.2 Coordination — The City will participate with private businesses, non- profit
Natural Resources Department groups, CSU, Poudre School District and other government agencies to increase local
infrastructure and improve market conditions for recycling, composting and reuse
Potential Funding Source(s)0 industries, and to educate the public about pollution prevention and recycling .
General Fund, grants, public/pri-
vate partnerships, fees ENV 10.3 Composting - Organic waste materials should be diverted from landfill
disposal and put to beneficial secondary use, such as amending soils to increase local
Cost Savings: water conservation or to generate alternative sources of energy.
Avoided landfill costs (gate fees)
of $ 75,000 - $ 285,000 (calculated ENV 10.4 Regulation - Existing municipal ordinances that promote waste reduction,
at $ 5/ton trash) efficient resource use and recycling will continue to be an important mechanism for
helping people reach public policy goals. The city will support efforts that reduce
materials consumption and facilitate reuse, recovery and recycling .
Budgeting for Outcome Environmental Health Indicator # 4 - Improvement in solid
waste diversion rate.
Measure Description : A number of strategies have been identified from the 2006
Draft Strategic Plan for 50% Waste Diversion that are especially effective at reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. These strategies include a residential yard waste drop-off
site, the option to recycle yard waste though trash haulers and an ultimate ban on
yard waste from curbside trash collection . The Draft Strategic Plan also recommends
amending Fort Collins Pay As You Throw ordinance to include commercial customers,
and implementing construction and demolition debris reduction strategies. Many of
these strategies are also being considered under the 2008Trash Services Study. These
strategies include:
Residential Customers:
• Implement on -going curbside recycling program improvements, including more
designated materials and standard options for larger recycling containers.
• Amend Fort Collins' Pay As You Throw residential trash ordinance so that rate design
further enhances waste reduction efforts.
• Ban yard waste from Fort Collins' curbside collection . Require haulers to provide
residential yard waste pick-up as a separate new service.
Commercial Customers:
• Help form recycling cooperatives for small businesses.
All Customers:
• Implement cardboard ban in all sectors. (As a long-term alternative, consider the
measure to embed recycling fees in commercial trash rates for all commercial
customers.)
CLIMATE PROTECTION • Enhance short-term education around new measures.
STRATEGIES
Push Towards 50% • In absence of appropriate private sector facilities, create City-sponsored
Waste Diversion Goal construction and demolition (C&D) drop-off site.
24
City Government:
• Establish contract preferences to encourage recycling and waste reduction for
City C& D jobs.
• The City would encourage private partnerships for constructing multiple community w „
drop-offs to collect more recyclables (paper, glass, etc.) .
Strategies recommended by staff for higher priority consideration are increasing custom-
er education and outreach, providing larger recycling containers, requiring trash haulers
to provide residential yard waste collection, developing public/private partnerships for
glass and paper recycling drop-off sites and banning cardboard from the waste stream .
This later strategy is anticipated to more cost-effectively achieve a good portion of the
benefits associated with embedding recycling fees in commercial trash rates.
Recommended Approach for Implementation : ; , �, • + � ' . ti ; . ��
• Develop ordinances for Council consideration including, but not limited to; Pay As
You Throw and recycling enhancements; additional licensing requirements and
implementation of recycling strategies; and possible city-wide contracts for trash
collection services.
• Consider implementation of any new waste reduction initiatives that emerge from
the Trash Services Study, such as larger recycling bins for commercial customers,
cardboard ban, curbside yard waste or changes to haulers' licensing requirements.
• Consider future budget requests for any new solid waste reduction initiatives that
were adopted as a result of the 2008 Trash Services Study, including a budget
request for an additional staff person .
Estimated Cost to the City:
• $ 106,000/year by 2010 for strategies recommended for early consideration
• $ 235,000/year by 2010 for full suite of measures
• $ 524,000/year by 2015 for full suite of measures
Other Benefits:
• Support local businesses and stimulate economic development Did You Know:
• Offer diversion strategies designed to reduce trash bill costs • The EPA estimates that 75% of
• Prolong lifespan of the local landfills, thus delaying costly construction of new what Americans throw in the trash
landfill facilities could actually be recycled.
• Promote viable re-use of waste materials • Typical business offices generate
• Stimulate better markets for recycled items about 1 .5 pounds of wastepaper
• Assist businesses and citizens in meeting carbon and waste reduction goals per employee per day.
• Reduce upstream pollution associated with manufacture and transport of • Recycling one aluminum can
new materials saves enough energy to run a
TV for three hours — or the
• Lower dependence on foreign oil by reducing petrochemicals needed for virgin equivalent of a half gallon of
plastics manufacture gasoline.
• Promote wise use of natural resources such as minerals and forest products
Relationship to Other Programs: Pay As You Throw is an industry best practice. A
principal element of the Fort Collins waste reduction program is PAYT trash systems
that provide financial rewards for households that reduce the amount of waste they
generate.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Push Towards 50%
Waste Diversion Goal
25
MEASURE
Fort Collins 2008 Energy Policy
Estimated CO Savings in 20120 Measure Description : The draft 2008 Fort Collins Energy Policy proposes a 2050
30,000 - 50,000 Tons CO2e vision "to serve the community with highly reliable, affordable carbon neutral electric
service, guided by an ethic of sustainable innovative and responsible management."
Estimated CO savings in 20200 The policy has four goals:
650,000 Tons CO2e 1 ) Provide highly reliable electric service.
2) Support the community's carbon emissions goal of reducing the City's carbon
Supporting City Polices: footprint 20% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 80% by 2050.
Council Resolution 2003-038,Adopting the Electric Energy 3) Enhance local economic vitality.
Supply Policy 4) Maintain Fort Collins Utilities collaborative relationship with Platte River Power
Authority.
Lead Implementing
Department* To achieve these goals, it also proposes the following actions that support carbon
Fort Collins Utilities reduction :
• Develop a methodology for reporting carbon emissions and savings related to
Recommended Approach overall electricity consumption, reductions in energy use from efficiency programs,
for Implementation : substitution of fossil fuel based electricity with renewable or clean resources and
The 2008 Energy Policy is being increases in use of electricity for transportation .
considered by City Council in a . Reduce electric utility related emissions 20% below 2005 levels by 2020.
separate but parallel process to • Reduce electricity use 1 % per year through energy efficiency and conservation
the Climate Plan . programs.
Recommended Timeframe for • Comply with the state-mandated Renewable Portfolio Standard ( 10% renewable
Completion: energy by 2020) .
2020 to reduce electricity emis- • Increase the contribution of renewable energy enough to reach 20% reduction by
sions 20% below 2005 levels. 2020, after accounting for the contributions of energy efficiency, conservation, mini-
mum renewable energy requirements and voluntary renewable energy programs.
Estimated Cost to the City: • Develop a SmartGrid road map by the end of 2009.
To be determined. Implementa- • By 2020, manage 10% of peak load demand through load management, smart grid
tion plans for elements of the and distributed generation .
Energy Policy will be presented to
Council during budget and typical Other Benefits:
review processes. • Reduce utility bills
• Maintain high electric reliability
• Improve the economy
• Support smart grid development
• Reduce dependence on foreign fuel sources
• Reduce vulnerability to energy price increases and volatility
• Reduce peak energy demand and improve utilization of the electricity system
• Diversify energy supply
• Reduce air pollution emissions including ozone precursors and fine particles
• Improve public health
• Improve air quality
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Fort Collins 2008 Energy Policy
26
MEASURE
Natural Gas Energy Conservation
Supporting City Polices: Estimated CO2 Savings in 20120
Principle ENV-5 — Energy efficiency and use of renewable energy resources will be 5,000 - 10,000 Tons CO2e
encouraged, facilitated and regulated in both the public and private sector through
information and educational services, incentive programs, requirements and enforce- Estimated CO2 savings in 20200
ment of regulations such as the Energy Policy. 52,000 Tons CO2e
Measure Description : Natural gas use comprises 19% of Fort Collins greenhouse Lead Implementing
gas emissions. The City levies a Gas Company Occupation Tax to Xcel Energy of Department:
$445,000/year that has been unchanged since 1988. (See Chapter 25, Article VI of the Finance
Code at: http://www.colocode.com/ftcollins/municipal/chapter25 .htm#articleVI )
Estimated Cost to the City:
This measure would seek to replace Xcel 's Occupation Tax with a Franchise Fee Existing staff resources
Agreement. The vast majority of local governments in Colorado including Loveland,
Longmont, Louisville, (list others too) have a 3% franchise fee agreement for natural
gas. Under this agreement, the City would charge Xcel 3% of annual revenue for gas
sales. Xcel would pass this increase (� 1 .5% increase above the current Occupation Tax)
on to customers and return the revenue to the City. The City could use this additional
revenue to fund climate protection programs.
Recommended Approach for Implementation :
• Determine City Council interest in pursuing franchise fee agreement
• Develop agreements with Xcel Energy
• Obtain approval from the Colorado Public Utilities Commission
Potential Funding Source(s) : Any increase that would result from the franchise fee
(above the existing Occupation Tax) would be passed through to Xcel customers.
Other Benefits:
• Conservation and efficiency programs can lead to lower utility bills
• Reduce consumption of a limited natural resource
• Reduce vulnerability to natural gas price increases and volatility
Relationship to Other Programs: The vast majority of local governments in
Colorado, including Loveland, Longmont, Louisville, Denver and Boulder, have a
3% franchise fee agreement for the provision of natural gas.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Natural Gas Energy Conservation
27
MEASURE
Update Residential Building Code
Estimated CO Savings in 2012: Supporting City Polices: "The City aspires to become a coordinated center for
1 ,000Tons CO2e advancing green building in the Fort Collins community by increasing general aware-
ness, raising the bar for what is required, helping engaged stakeholders achieve better
Estimated CO savings in 20200 and greener buildings, and rewarding high performers.
" ( Excerpt from 2007 City of Fort
4,000 tons of CO2 Collins Roadmap for Coordinated and Enhanced Green Building Services.)
Lead Implementing Depart- Policy HSG-2. 7- Impacts of New Policies and Regulations. The City will assess the effects
ment: Neighborhood and of new policies and regulations, or changes to existing policies and regulations, on
Building Services housing development costs and overall housing affordability, in order to achieve an
appropriate balance between housing affordability and other objectives such as urban
Estimated Cost to the City: design quality, maintaining neighborhood character and protecting public health,
No anticipated additional costs safety and welfare.
Measure Description : Electricity and natural gas use by residences is responsible
for 24% of Fort Collins' greenhouse gas emissions. Fort Collins has historically been,
and will continue to be, on the leading edge of progressive building and energy code
updates with our local amendments. The residential code was significantly updated in
2005 to the 2003 IRC and the 2005 Fort Collins Residential Energy Code, which exceeds
the model code energy-efficiency. The Commercial Code was updated in 2008 to the
latest model energy code (ASHRAE 90. 1 -2007 and IECC 2006) .
Starting in late 2008, the City will again consider upgrades to the residential building
and energy codes. Alternatives codes to consider include the recently adopted 2009
IECC model energy code or the "30% Solution :" The 2009 IECC model energy code
governing new home construction will offer significant improvements over the current
code. The 30% Solution" is an alternative code that boosts energy efficiency 30% over
the former model code. Although the 30% Solution fell just short of adoption by the
IECC in September 2008, it has been endorsed by the National Association of State
A recent poll by the National Energy Officials, the American Council for an Energy- Efficient Economy, the Consumer
Association of Home Builders Federation of America, the American Public Power Association, U .S. Department of
confirms that energy efficiency is Energy, and the U.S. Conference of Mayors.
a feature that appeals to home Recommended Approach for Implementation :
buyers. The 2/14/2008 issue of
BuilderOnline reports: "Home Buyers • Convene citizen task group to provide input in residential code update process
Willing to Pay for Energy Efficiency. • City Council considers adoption of code update
New NAHB study of consumers
reports that 51 percent are willing Cost Savings: It is more cost effective to incorporate energy efficiency measures into
to pay up to $ 11,000 more if energy buildings during new construction and major renovations because the improvements
costs are reduced $ 1, 000 annually." can be financed as part of the entire package, and benefits are realized throughout the
entire life of the building.
Other Benefits:
• Reduced energy bills
• Reduced peak electricity demand
• Improved (electrical ) system reliability
• Supports the economy because dollars saved on energy bills tend to be reinvested
locally
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Update Residential
Building Code
28
MEASURE
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel
Supporting City Polices: Estimated CO Savings in 20120
City Plan Vision — Fort Collins will confront and mitigate the negative impact of cars 21000 - 12,000Tons CO2e
on our life.
Estimated CO2 savings in 20200
Policy ENV-2. 1 Actions on Vehicle Miles Traveled — The City will slow the growth of 14,000 Tons CO2e
vehicle- miles of travel by employing strategies that reduce vehicle trip rates, reduce
vehicle trip length and increase vehicle occupancy. Lead Implementing
Department:
PRINCIPLE T- 1 — The physical organization of the City will be supported by a frame- Planning, Development
work of transportation alternatives that balances access, mobility, safety and emergen - and Transportation
cy response throughout the city, while working towards reducing the rate of growth of
vehicle miles of travel and dependence on the private automobile. Estimated Cost to the City:
Increased capital and operations
PRINCIPLET-2 — Mass transit will be an integral part of the City's overall transportation funding will be needed . (Transit
system . improvement costs will be identi-
fied in the Transit Strategic Plan .)
PRINCIPLET-3 — City transportation programs shall address themselves to reduce
vehicle miles of travel through strategies that reduce trip generation, reduce trip Potential Funding Source(s):
length and increase vehicle occupancy. General fund, state and federal
grants, other grants
PRINCIPLE T-4 — Bicycling will serve as a practical alternative to automobile use for all trip
purposes.
PRINCIPLE T-5 — The City will acknowledge pedestrian travel as a practical transportation
mode and elevate it in importance to be in balance with all other modes. Direct pedestrian
connections will be provided from places of residence to transit, schools, activity centers,
work and public facilities.
Policy 9. 1 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) — The City will continually strive to reduce the
growth rate in VMT by implementing a VMT reduction program that strives to meet or
exceed the performance of similar programs in comparable cities.
Measure Description : Transportation demand management (also called mobility
management or VMT reduction) includes a range of strategies that improve travel
options and encourage people to use more efficient forms of travel . Reducing travel
demand is in the public interest, provides multiple community benefits and is worthy
of community support and investment.
This measure recommends four key strategies to reduce Fort Collins VMT by almost
2%. Since the City of Fort Collins is already implementing efforts in all of these areas,
these measures refer to efforts beyond the current Ievel . The relative anticipated VMT
reduction from each program area is identified in Table 6.
Collectively, these approaches would avoid 12,000 tons CO2e per year, above the busi-
ness as usual scenario. Accomplishing these objectives will require the provision of
adequate funding and increased partnership and collaboration with other organiza-
tions throughout the community.
Walking and Bicycling Improvements: According to some estimates, 5% to 10% of
automobile trips can reasonably be shifted to non-motorized transport in a typical
urban area, and non- motorized improvements can have leverage effects that increase CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel
29
their importance. This analysis assumes that through a combination of pedestrian and
bicycle programs, 1 % of total Fort Collins VMT could be avoided by 2012, or approxi-
mately 10,000,000 VMT/year reduced . The 2008 Bicycle Plan provides specific recom-
mendations in the areas of engineering and the bike network, education, enforcement,
enhancing community benefits and multi-modal connectivity that, if implemented,
will serve to significantly advance bicycling in Fort Collins.
Transportation Demand Management-Type Program with Employer Focus:
Historically, the Fort Collins SmartTrips program has worked with businesses, schools
and organizations to reduce VMT. More recently, City Transportation Services has
implemented several elements of TDM programs including Fort Collins Bikes, transit
promotions, Test Ride Transfort, Safe Routes to School as well as the updated Passfort
employer bus pass program . The North Front Range Metropolitan Planning Organiza-
tion is handling VanPool and carpool activities in the region .
This recommendation calls for a special focus on increasing employee commuter
outreach . Employee commute trip reduction programs have achieved noteworthy
success, including the Seattle area and Utah . Denver's Greenprint plan has established
a goal to increase employee transit ridership 10% over the 2005 baseline level by 2011 .
They assume that 20% of employees approached with a program will participate, and
that those participating reduce 0.55 tons CO2/employee/year (about 1 ,000 miles/year/
employee) . If a Fort Collins commuter outreach program achieved the same level of
effectiveness, this would result in approximately 8,566,000 VMT reduced.
School Transport Management Program : School Transport Management Programs
encourage parents, students and staff members to reduce automobile trips and use
alternative modes for travel to and from schools. These programs generally include
walking, cycling and ridesharing encouragement. In addition, these programs may
have significant long-term impacts by helping children establish more multi- modal
travel habits that continue later in life. (Source: Mobility Management Review at:
http://fcgov.com/airquality/pdf/mm-best- practices06. pdf)
This analysis assumes that at least 1 ,000,000 miles could be avoided through car pool-
ing, Walk a Child to School, Safe Route to School and prize-based competitions encour-
aging students to use and document alternative modes. The number of avoided VMT
could grow through increased efforts to decrease travel by single-occupancy vehicle
to school campuses.
Transit Service Innovations and Improvements: It is recognized that the Mason
Corridor will serve as a key backbone to an enhanced transit system in Fort Collins.
The City is optimistic about receiving federal funding to build the Bus Rapid Transit ele-
ment of the corridor, with completion anticipated by 2011 . The Transit Strategic Plan
update (2008/2009) will foster a dialogue with the community and region on transit
opportunities and challenges; review existing fixed route service and performance
standards; examine the existing four- phased approach to a grid transit network; and
address the financial solutions required to create and sustain a high-performing transit
system for our community and region . Poudre School District and the City of Loveland
are participating as strategic partners.
Recommended Approach for Implementation :
• Fund and implement the 2008 Bicycle Plan
• Complete and consider adoption and funding for the Transit Strategic Plan (2009)
• Implement the Safe Routes to School Program
• Seek funding to implement the Master Streets Plan and transportation
CLIMATE PROTECTION improvements
STRATEGIES
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel
30
Cost Savings: Fuel and vehicle maintenance savings to participants in VMT-reduction
programs.
Other Benefits: y
• Economic development benefits through the expansion of alternative modes
• Improve mobility in Fort Collins
• Reduce dependence on foreign fuel sources
• Reduce vulnerability to energy price increases and volatility _
• Reduce air pollution emissions including ozone precursors and fine particles
as Tiansfo�i
• Improve public health
• Improve local visibility
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel
31
MEASURE
Modern Roundabouts
Estimated CO Savings in 2012: Supporting City Polices:
1 ,000 Tons CO2e Policy T-- 1 .2 Multi-Modal Streets — Street corridors will provide for safe, convenient
Estimated CO savings in 2020:
and efficient use of all modes of travel, including motor vehicles, transit, bicycles and
pedestrians.
2,000Tons CO2e
Policy T- 1 .4 Adequate Facilities — The City will ensure the provision of adequate facili-
Lead Implementing ties for the movement of goods and people while maintaining the integrity of existing
Department:Planning, Development streets and minimizing travel-related impacts within neighborhoods.
and Transportation Measure Description : Roundabouts are an alternative to the standard traffic signal
that provide a safer, more efficient, economically advantageous and environmentally
Estimated Cost to the City: friendly way to move traffic along the roadway system . This strategy recommends that
Net savings for O&M; Capital the City build five roundabouts at new or significantly redeveloped intersections by
costs can be variable but typically the end of 2013 . A recent study of 10 Virginia intersections demonstrated 200,000 gal-
roundabouts are less expensive Ions of fuel savings annually, from the construction of roundabouts.
to build than traditional
intersections. Recommended Approach for Implementation : A City 2001 ordinance requires
that roundabouts be considered for any arterial or arterial collectors slated for im-
Potential Funding Source(s): provements. Staff anticipates possible construction of four (possibly five) new round-
Funding for roundabouts abouts in the next few years, including the Ziegler and Horsetooth roundabout that
would come through capital has just been completed .
improvement dollars or private
developers. Other Benefits:
Roundabouts save lives...
Cost Savings: . Up to a 90% reduction in fatalities
Fuel savings to roundabout users • 76% reduction in injury crashes
• 30-40% reduction in pedestrian crashes
• 75% fewer conflict points than a 4-way intersection
Slower vehicle speeds mean...
• Drivers have more time to judge and react to other cars or pedestrians
• An advantageous situation for older and novice drivers
• A reduction in the severity of crashes
• A safer situation for pedestrians
Efficient traffic flow...
• 30-50% increase in traffic capacity
• Reduction in pollution and fuel use
• Improved traffic flow for intersections that handle a high number of left turns
• Reduced need for storage lanes
Money saved...
• No signal equipment to install and repair
• Savings estimated at an average of $ 5,000 per year in electricity & maintenance costs
• Service life of a roundabout is 25 years, compared to 10 years for a traditional traffic
signal
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Modern Roundabouts
32
New Qualitative Measures
This Plan also includes measures that have not been quantified but that can play an
important role in making progress towards the 2020 goal . These measures are outlined
in Table 5 and described on the following pages.
Table 5 — Summary of New Qualitative Measures
Community Engagement
• City of Fort Collins Government Leadership
Transportation
• Seek Adequate Funding to Implement Transportation Plans,
with Funding for Transit as a Priority to Achieve Best Practices
• Develop Partnerships to Reduce Vehicle Travel
• Parking Management
Land Use
• Implement Land Use Code Changes that
Support Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions
• Promote and Pursue Infill and Refill Development
• Promote Transit-Oriented Development
• Consider Requirements for New Developments to Have Less
Travel Demand than Comparable Existing Developments
Green Building
• Regular Updates of Building Energy Codes
• Continued Support for Above Code Green building Initiatives
• Time of Sale Energy Conservation Ordinance
• Require Green Building as a Prerequisite for Public Financing
• Explore Net Zero Ready Homes
• Explore LEED for Neighborhoods
Urban Forestry
• Promote Tree Planting
Support State and Federal Climate Protection Actions
City of Fort Collins Government Leadership
The City government is well positioned to influence a community's carbon footprint
through modeling best practices for the internal organization and establishing policies
that support greenhouse gas reduction within the community.
This strategy recommends that the City of Fort Collins identify and communicate
overarching organizational goals that will support greenhouse gas reduction, not only
for the municipal government but for the community. It is also recommended that the
City adopt a standard management framework such as ISO14001 , an Environmental
Management System or a Sustainability Management System to implement and track
progress on these overarching goals. CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Qualitative Measures
33
Seek Funding to Implement Transportation Plan
with a Focus on Transit
The 2004Transportation Master Plan contains numerous strategies to improve trans-
portation efficiency, yet there is inadequate funding to fully implement the plan .
In addition to the Transportation Master Plan, the City has numerous plans that sup-
port reduced single-occupancy vehicle trips, including the Bicycle Plan Update, the
Pedestrian Plan and the Transit Plan . Further, Transportation Demand Management
(TDM) strategies are most effective when they are implemented as an integrated
package, where strategies can support each other (e.g ., improved transit along with
improved pedestrian access to bus stops) .
It is recommended that the City dedicate resources to pursue funding to finance the
key components of the 2004Transportation Master Plan and associated TDM Plans,
with a special emphasis on expanding transit infrastructure and completing enhanced
travel corridors.
Develop Partnerships to Reduce Vehicle Travel
Seek to develop effective partnerships among major community and regional institu-
tions to reduce single-occupancy trips. Optimizing mobility management in Fort Collins
will require active support not only from the City Council, but also from the North Front
Range MPO, major employers, Poudre School District, Colorado State University, the
Chamber of Commerce, Downtown Business Association and many others.
Table 6 — Multiple Benefits of Transportation Demand Management
Economic Social Environmental
• Reduced congestion • Improved mobility • Energy conservation
• Road and parking cost for non-drivers . Reduced air, noise
savings • Increased community and water pollution
• Consumer cost livability • Reduced pavement
savings • Improved public and sprawl
• Crash cost savings health and fitness
• Increased local
employment and
business activity
As large Fort Collins institutions examine their footprint (environmental, economic and
social impacts), the Fort Collins City Council could encourage each of them, including
the City of Fort Collins, to include the impact of all the vehicle trips taken to and from
their campuses, and to become active in finding ways to reduce them . The City Council
could perhaps offer a sample resolution that each organization could adopt. Partner-
ships could also be extended through channels such as the Mason Corridor Project,
Downtown Area planning, and the UniverCity Connections.
Parking Management
Parking Management includes a variety of strategies that encourage more efficient use
of existing parking facilities, improve the quality of service provided to parking facility
CLIMATE PROTECTION users and improve parking facility design . Current parking planning practices (such as
STRATEGIES generous minimum parking requirements and public provision of on - and off-street
Qualitative Measures parking) tend to result in abundant and generally free parking at most destinations.
34
This subsidizes automobile travel and encourages lower-density land use patterns.
More efficient parking management can address these problems, helping to achieve a
variety of transportation, land use development, economic and environmental objec-
tives. Examples of parking management programs include:
• Create a downtown parking district to optimize the parking resource and reduce
pollution and congestion .
• Optimize the availability and use of parking garages.
• Encourage use of low emission vehicles by offering free parking spaces or low cost �' 9
parking to those vehicles.
• Implement parking cash out programs that allows employees to opt-out of having a
parking space and instead receive compensation .
In addition to new strategies, parking management elements can be implemented
through existing projects such as the Mason Corridor, the Downtown Way Finding
Project and the Transit-Oriented Development Overlay Zone.
Implement Land Use Code Changes that Support Greenhouse
Gas Emissions Reductions
City Plan contains the community's 2010 greenhouse gas policy goal to reduce
emissions 30% below predicted 2010 levels by 2010. Additionally, City Plan and the
resulting Structure Plan were built upon the analysis of a range of density and land use
configurations. The final scenario upon which these plans were built optimized trans-
portation and land use efficiencies.
While City Plan policies and the Structure Plan support smart growth, the City could
improve the speed of implementation . Many of these changes would be made within
the Land Use Code that implements City Plan and the Structure Plan . Specific recom-
mendations for Fort Collins include:
• Adhere to the existing Structure Plan .
• Implement Green Roofs.
• Marry historic preservation efforts with green building .
• Establish requirements for green building in affordable housing developments.
• Establish and require a minimum level of green building standards for any develop-
ment project to receive City subsidies.
• Enhance public/private partnership to support green building and sustainable
design .
• Consider incentives in the development review process for green building.
• Develop a revolving zero interest loan fund to help developers of green projects
overcome initial upfront high development costs.
Promote and Pursue Infill and Refill Development
Infill and refill developments have the potential to address air quality and greenhouse
gas emissions by reducing the number of vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and allowing
easier access to transit and pedestrian-oriented facilities. According to the Center for
Clean Air Policy's Transportation Emissions Guidebook, infill and brownfield redevel-
opment has the largest potential for reducing site-specific VMT. These strategies are
believed to reduce VMT 15-50%. (The only other strategy showing up to a 50% VMT
reduction potential in this source is "smart school siting" )
Redevelopment and infill can help revitalize aging commercial areas, contribute to the CLIMATE PROTECTION
vitality of Fort Collins downtown area and add variety to our housing opportunities. STRATEGIES
Qualitative Measures
35
Experience has shown, however, redevelopment and infill projects frequently encoun-
ter particular challenges - obsolete structures, contamination, poor access to utilities,
public opposition, etc. impeding development.
In 2006 EDAW completed a report for the City of Fort Collins that identified a number
of challenges and solutions to refill development. The Refill Fort Collins 2006 report
specifically identifies the challenge that the City fee structure can be unreasonably
burdensome for infill and redevelopment projects. Recommended solutions include:
3... • Consider the use of public/private financing mechanisms to pay for needed infra-
structure improvements and infill/refill areas.
• Consider reduction of fees in specially designated redevelopment areas.
b
Promote Transit- Oriented Development
,,rM �, r2 :: "' .. Transit-oriented development is one of the top strategies for reducing a community's
Ju '. x carbon footprint from transportation . The Center for Clean Air Policy's Transporta-
tion Emissions Guidebook lists this as typically reducing VMT by 20-30%. Fort Collins
already has established at TOD overlay zone along the Mason Corridor. A second
potential location would be along the Harmony Corridor.
Consider Requirements for All New Developments to have
Less Travel Demand than Comparable Existing Developments
The City of Aspen has included a strategy in their Climate Action Plan to establish a city
policy to require a net decrease in transportation-related emissions compared to exist-
ing developments, such as affordable housing projects. For some developments, this
may involve purchasing carbon offsets for new emissions.
Green Building
Promote green building in new and existing buildings as an overall strategy to im-
prove the built environment and reduce carbon emissions. The Fort Collins Green
Building Roadmap provides a summary of current programs and services related to
green building and a set of recommendations for advancing green building efforts.
The recommendations are specific actions that can be undertaken now and in the
future to sustain green building in Fort Collins. These specific actions are categorized
according to the following four general actions:
1 ) Mandate minimum performance and remove barriers
2) Encourage green building innovation
3) Reward green building success
4) Build internal City capacity to support green building
Potential strategies for reducing carbon emissions through green building include are
discussed below.
Regular Updates on Building Energy Codes
New construction and major renovation represent cost-effective times to incorporate
energy efficiency measures into buildings because the improvements can be financed
as part of the entire package, and benefits are realized throughout the entire life of the
building .
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Qualitative Measures
36
Continued Support for 'Above Code' Green Guilding Initiatives
Many "above code" initiatives already exist, including the Northern Colorado ENERGY
STAR New Homes collaboration and the Integrated Design Assistance Program :
• http://www.fcgov.com/conservation/biz-idap.php
• http://www. nocoenergystarhomes.org/
Time of Sale Energy Conservation Ordinance
Many communities have established requirements that buildings (rental properties,
residential and/or commercial ) be upgraded at time-of-sale to meet some minimum {
level of energy efficiency. This measure recommends bringing inefficient buildings up -
to some minimum level of energy efficiency. It would require energy efficiency up-
graded at the time of sale for residential and commercial structures that do not meet
a certain level of energy efficiency, as determined by an energy audit. Utility demand- 1 1
side management ( DSM) programs could be designed in a way that help customers
comply with the requirement. �°
Require Green Building as a Prerequisite for Public Financing
The City of Fort Collins' Roadmap for Green Building calls for a mid-term strategy
(within three years) to require green building as a prerequisite for any projects that
offer public financing. The City already has a Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design ( LEED) goal for new City buildings. This strategy recommends developing new
policies requiring green building targets for projects that receive direct or indirect
public financing from the City.
As one example, the Portland Development Commission's Green Building Program
requires developers receiving financial assistance from the commission, as well as
direct commission funded projects, to integrate green building practices into con-
struction projects and meet established LEED standards.
Promote Net Zero Ready Homes
This measures calls for the exploration of building codes and ordinances requiring
that all homes over a certain size be required to achieve net zero energy use and the
expansion of this requirement, over time, to all new homes.
Austin, TX, intends to pass a series of code amendments that will make new homes
built by 2015 all "net zero" capable. See: http://ci .austin .tx. us/council/downloads/
mw_zech_release.pdf
Boulder County has included a "Net Zero Energy Homes" strategy in their
Sustainable Energy Plan approved by County Commissioners in February 2008.
See: http://bouldercounty.org/sustain/pdf/SEP_final_draft.pdf
Promote LEED for Neighborhoods
The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of
smart growth, urbanism and green building into the first national system for neighbor-
hood design . LEED certification provides independent, third-party verification that
a development's location and design meet accepted high levels of environmentally
responsible, sustainable development.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Qualitative Measures
37
Currently in its pilot period, LEED for Neighborhood Development is a collaboration
among the U .S. Green Building Council, the Congress for the New Urbanism and the
Natural Resources Defense Council . The City of Fort Collins should consider incorpora-
tion of LEED for Neighborhood requirements into the development review process.
Urban Tree Planting
4 Urban trees are a good economic and environmental investment. A study published in
_ 2003 in collaboration with the USDA Forest Service, the Center for Urban Forest
Research and the City of Fort Collins (Benefit-Cost Analysis of Fort Collins' Municipal
Forest) concludes that the 31 ,000 park and street trees in Fort Collins provide substan-
tial environmental and economic benefits for taxpayers. For every $ 1 invested in tree
r. management, residents receive $2. 18 in benefits. The net cost benefits are presented
` below.
Energy savings $ 112,045
Carbon dioxide reduction $43,686
Air quality improvement $ 18,472
Stormwater $403,597
Property value $ 1 ,596,247
TOTAL BENEFITS $2, 147,047
Goals should be established to maximize responsible tree planting on public and
private property to fill empty planting spaces. Trees should be strategically planted
to optimize building energy efficiency by reducing heating and cooling needs. Trees
should be selected and maintained in a way that minimizes carbon emissions associ-
ated with maintenance, fertilizers and irrigation .
Partnerships with other local organizations could be developed to increase local tree
planting. For example, the City of Boulder set a long-term goal to increase industrial
canopy cover from 7% to 9%. Denver set a goal to plant thousands of new trees an -
nually in parks, natural areas and on private property, thus increasing Denver's tree
canopy from 6% to a total of 18% tree cover, as identified in the Denver Parks Game
Plan . Portland planted 750,000 trees and shrubs between 1996 and 2005 to help
sequester carbon emissions.
Promote Climate Protection and Adaptation Strategies at
State, Regional and Federal Levels
While Fort Collins' climate protection efforts should not be unduly reliant on actions
at other levels of government to reach its stated goals, local progress could be greatly
advanced by passage of climate protection programs at the state and federal levels.
Fort Collins should support or lobby for legislation that cost-effectively reduces green-
house gas emission . Some programs are better addressed at high levels of govern-
ment. Examples include regulations to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of trans-
portation fuels and/or establish greenhouse gas emissions standards for new vehicles.
CLIMATE PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
Qualitative Measures
38
Monitoring and Reporting
A key to the achievement of any goal is measurement and accountability. Council
Resolution 2008-051 establishes regular reporting requirements for assessing progress
towards established climate goals.
Metrics
Progress towards the 2020 goal will be monitored through changes to the community-
wide emissions inventory. During 2009 the City will assess its inventory methodology /
and update it if appropriate. As inventory methodologies evolve, the baseline (2005)
and subsequent inventories will be updated to reflect those changes. s
Annual Report
City Council Resolution 2008-051 calls for an annual report tracking progress toward _
attainment of the goals established for 2020 and 2050. This annual report should
include an evaluation of community-wide greenhouse gas emissions and a list of
quantified reduction activities for the prior year. This report will be prepared by the
City's Energy Management Team and presented to the City Manager no later than June
for the prior year. Annual reporting will commence in 2009 for the year of 2008.
Biennial Review
City Council Resolution 2008-051 also establishes a requirement that biennially, at
least six months in advance of the City's budget, a report should be prepared that
evaluates progress on greenhouse gas reduction relative to interim milestones and
recommend actions for future implementation . The interim milestones identified in
Table 8 below approximate a linear descent from 2007 to 2020. However, progress
towards the 2020 goal may not follow a linear path, as some programs take longer to
ramp up and as future carbon reduction opportunities emerge. The biennial review
process will address progress towards the 2020 goal and recommend adjustments as
necessary.
The biennial review reports will serve as informal updates to the Climate Action Plan .
Table 7 — Biennial Review Schedule
Annual
Progress Milestone Biennial Budget
Year Report (Tons CO) Review Recommendations
2009 X Fall 2009 for 2010/2011
2010 X
2011 X Spring 2011 for 2010 Fall 2011 for 2012/2013
2012 X 21466,000
2013 X Spring 2013 for 2012 Fall 2013 for 2014/2015
2014 X
2015 X Spring 2015 for 2014 Fall 2015 for 2016/2017
2016 X 2,263,000
2017 X Spring 2017 for 2016 Fall 2017 for 2018/2019
2018 X
2019 X Spring 2019 for 2018 Fall 2019 for 2020/2021
2020 X 2,032,000
MONITORING AND REPORTING
39
Conclusion
'A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."
— Lao Tzu
'- � Fort Collins has been a pioneer in climate protection among US cities and continues
to lead the way. Since taking a momentous step in 1999 when City Council committed
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Fort Collins recognized the significance of global
a climate change and embraced the active role its citizens play in this challenging local
task with global implications.
Through innovation, leadership and local involvement, the community has benefited
significantly from climate protection actions. Thanks to the success of the voluntary
Climate Wise program, for example, innovative businesses avoided emitting more than
y 82,000 tons of CO2e, while saving over $ 12 million since 2000. Thanks to foresight in
leadership, Fort Collins established the first renewable energy standard in the State of
Colorado. And our participatory community tells us through recent surveys that they
not only support but also expect further greening efforts.
Clearly, our community is ready to tackle the next set of climate protection action chal -
lenges that recommits our City to the shared duty of reducing our local greenhouse
gas emissions. Stepping up to the plate again with vision and leadership in May 2008,
the Fort Collins City Council established an aggressive goal to reduce emissions 80%
by 2025, an interim reduction goal of 20% by 2020 and an insightful 2012 check-point
to ensure we remain on track to the longer-term goals.
Reducing emissions 80% by 2050 sets Fort Collins on the path towards a sustainable
future. The mid-term target to reduce emissions 20% by 2020 represents an ambitious
undertaking that is within our grasp. Both goals will require staunch commitment and
participation by all community sectors and forward-thinking leadership by City gov-
ernment and other large organizations in Fort Collins.
Our path to making significant progress early on is guided by the hard-working efforts
of the Fort Collins Climate Task Force that developed specific, short-term strategies.
They also recommended that work begin on important long-term strategies, such as
setting performance standards for new buildings, establishing land use policies that
will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and seeking funding to build sustainable trans-
portation systems. Additional work will be needed to develop short-term implementa-
tion plans as well as longer-term plans to clarify the path to 2020 and 2050 goals.
The time for action is now. We have begun this journey alongside other committed
municipalities, state agencies, universities, business and citizens in Colorado's Front
Range and around the nation . Working cooperatively, we can reduce our emissions,
maximize technologies and co-create the evolution of carbon markets. Together we
can sow the seeds to reap the benefits of a more sustainable life experience for our-
selves and generations to come.
CONCLUSION
40
Appendix — City Council Resolution 2008 - 51
RESOLUTION 2008-051
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
ESTABLISHING CITY GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GOALS
WHEREAS, there is widespread consensus that human emissions of greenhouse gases are impacting the earth's
climate system, causing the potential for unprecedented large-scale adverse health, social, economic and ecological
effects; and
WHEREAS, climate disruption is likely to cause, and may already be causing, damage to the environmental and
economic health of Colorado communities, risks associated with reduced snow pack that could affect both water sup-
ply and tourism, and secondary impacts such as changes in agriculture economics ; and
WHEREAS, local governments can greatly influence their communities ' greenhouse gas emissions by exercising
key powers over land use, transportation, building construction, waste management, and, in many cases, energy and
water supplies and management; and
WHEREAS, there is currently no comprehensive federal regulations of greenhouse gas emissions and the United
States is itself the largest per capita emitter of greenhouse gas emissions; and
WHEREAS, it is appropriate for local governments to take responsibility for emissions occurring within their
jurisdictions since local community actions can speed the development of technology-based solutions and more rap-
idly promote market transformation that will help drive reductions in global emission levels; and
WHEREAS, the Fort Collins community could realize tremendous ancillary economic, environmental, and social
benefits by undertaking responsible steps to combat climate change; and
WHEREAS, by the adoption of Resolution 1999- 137, the City Council established a policy that the City shall
proactively identify and implement actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the City by at least 30% below
predicted 2010 levels by 2010 while achieving cost-effectiveness in each program; and
WHEREAS, by the adoption of Resolution 1999- 137, the City Council established a policy that the City shall
proactively identify and implement actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the city by at least 30% below
predicted 2010 levels by 201 while achieving cost-effectiveness in each program; and
WHEREAS, the City has demonstrated its leadership on the issue of climate protection through the implementa-
tion of Climate Wise, the Electric Energy Supply Policy, recycling initiatives and other programs to reduce emis-
sions, and should continue to lead by example so as to encourage other communities across the region, state, and
globe to share in the solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emissions; and
WHEREAS, despite this progress, Fort Collins is not on track to meet the greenhouse gas emissions goal estab-
lished by Resolution 1999- 137 to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to an inventory level of 2 .466 million tons in the
year 2010; and
WHEREAS, the Fort Collins community offers a unique combination of innovation and technical expertise that
can be utilized to develop long-term sustainable solutions and facilitate all sectors and organizations in Fort Collins
in taking action to reduce emissions; and
WHEREAS, scientists have identified a need to reduce the global emission of greenhouse gases by 80% by the
year 2050, at the latest, in order to avert the worst impacts of global warming; and
WHEREAS, the 2007 recommendations of the Colorado Climate Project convened by the Rocky Mountain
Climate Organization to reduce the state 's contribution and vulnerability to climate change include reducing state-
wide emissions in the vicinity of 20% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 80% below 2005 levels by 2050; and
WHEREAS, the 2007 Colorado Climate Action Plan establishes these same goals; and
APPENDIX -
CITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION
41
WHEREAS, the City Council is intent upon continuing its efforts to achieve meaningful reductions in local
greenhouse gas emissions; and
WHEREAS, aligning local greenhouse gas goals with state goals will minimize confusion on the part of the pub-
lic and facilitate statewide collaboration in reducing the damage caused and risks created by greenhouse gas emis-
sions, and
WHEREAS, the Fort Collins Climate Task Force has recommended that Council include in this Resolution an
additional goal to the effect that the Fort Collins community reduce its current greenhouse gas emissions so that, by
the end of 2012, such emissions do not exceed 2.466 million tons .
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS as follows :
Section l . That the Council hereby establishes the goals of reducing Fort Collins ' community-wide greenhouse
gas emissions 20% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 80% below 2005 levels by 2050.
Section 2 . That, pending attainment of such goals, the Council hereby expresses its intent to reduce current
community-wide greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2012 to a level not to exceed 2.466 million tons .
Section 3 . That the City government must lead by example in this area by minimizing greenhouse gas emis-
sions in its own operations through the establishment of policies and directions that will lead the community to a
sustainable future, and, most importantly, by inspiring community involvement in the effort to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
Section 4. That the City Manager is hereby directed to prepare for Council consideration an updated plan to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the Fort Collins community that identifies interim milestones needed to put
Fort Collins on a trajectory to meet the 2020 goal, including a milestone for the year 2012 referenced in Section 2
above.
Section 5 . That such updated plan shall include a list of strategies demonstrating how interim milestones can
be met and that these strategies should: consider relevant technical, economic, political, and social factors; promote
economic vitality and prioritize investments in the Fort Collins community; address all emissions sectors; and pro-
mote involvement by all segments of the community (local businesses, governments, utilities, schools, universities,
non-profit organizations, homeowners, and other individuals) .
Section 6 . That the City Manager is further hereby directed to : (a) prepare an annual report tracking progress
toward attainment of the goals established herein, including a community-wide greenhouse gas emissions inventory
and a list of quantified emission reductions actions for the preceding calendar year; and (b) biennially, at least six
months in advance of the City 's biennial budget preparation, prepare a report evaluating progress on greenhouse gas
reduction relative to established interim milestones and recommending actions for consideration in the upcoming
budget cycle.
Section 7 . That the Council hereby recognizes that new data, scientific findings, mitigation technologies, and
quantification methodologies may emerge over time and that future Councils may choose to update the community
greenhouse gas goal to take in account evolving science, technology or other opportunities.
Passed and adopted at a regular meeting of the Council of the City of Fort Co s this 20th day of Ma A.D . 2008 .
i
Mayor
ATTEST:
Alin.
City Clerk
APPENDIX -
CITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION
42
City of
Fort Collins
For more information,
visit http://fcgov.com/cli mate protection
or call the City of Fort Collins Natural Resources Department
at (970) 221 -6600
ATTACHMENT
Transportation Board
Excerpt of Mnutes(DRAFT) Page 5
October 15,2008
Work Plan-2008 Results
I. Advise City Council on transportation issues,planning, and construction projects in a ' y
fashion.Robert: Add Riverwalk, Climate Action Plan.
II. Transportation financing—explore financing options to address transport needs, including
but not limited to dedicated funding mechanisms.
III. Education and Outreach—reach out proactively to the comm o both solicit input and
educate regarding transportation issues that face the city. :Add MPO Summit Meeting.
IV. Transportation Safety—Promote transportation saf it affects all modes of transportation via
consideration of engineering,education,and a ement.
V. Regional Transportation—build commu ' on links with other transportation bodies in the city
and region.
2009 Work Plan
Robert: I'd like to inclu rds like sustainability,social and environmet�nsitive.
Thomas:My take is ' word adds meaning, I'm all for adding it. B t e' I. t adding it as a
vogue word t ll be a new one the next year.
McCauley es VMT address it?It is a locally-attainable goal we c ak to.
Steen: M a better word?
T as: consistent with city environmental goals
teen/Roberts: Change"Reach out proactively to the c and other boards"to item III.
7. ACTION ITEMS
a. Climate Action Plan—Lucinda Smith
Smith: Thank you for having me toni ant to g ou an update on what transpired since I
was here in January,focusing primarily ion aspects. Garry Steen was the
Transportation Board represen 've on th im Task Force.
The Plan objective is a 2 o uc belo 005 levels by 2020 and 80%below 2005 levels by
2050.
Thomas: Is this ly base C ?
Smith: CO2 and met . The an does not consider other greenhouse gases.
We need cc approx ately 500,000 tons of CO2 in 2012;by 2020 it is 1.37 million tons of
CO2.Th is largely based on the Climate Task Force's recommendations.It builds on
exuccesses,contains cost-effective strategies,incorporates long-term thinking, supports
th economy,brings multiple other benefits,and has a flexible implementation schedule.
e plan:
• mcorporates a draft Energy Policy
• removes incentives for individual renewable energy projects,
• removes 15%renewable energy by 2011,
• removes incentives for low emission vehicles,and
• considers time of sale ordinance as a long-term strategy.
Four key(enhanced)transportation strategies:
• Walking and bicycling improvements
• Transportation demand management-type program with employer focus
• School transportation management programs
• Transit service innovations and improvements
-DRAFT Regular Meeting Minutes Page 6
October 15, 2008
Reduce 12,000 tons CO2e/yr
Thomas: Am I correct that none of the transportation-related measures are mandatory?
Smith: Correct. It was considered at the State level to make trip reduction mandatory.
Cost effective strategies:
• Climate Wise—enhance the program.Average net savings for reducing carbon: $2/ton
• Reduce electricity use 1%per year.
• Roundabouts-If the City were to build 4—5 roundabouts,we could reduce 1,000 tons of
carbon per year.
Energy Policy Strategies:
• Reduce electric utility emissions 20%below 2005 levels by 2020
• Reduce electricity use 1%per year through energy efficiency
Long-term thinking(transportation-related strategies):
• Seek funding to implement the Transportation Plan,with a fo s n transit
• Develop partnerships to reduce vehicle travel
• Parking management
• Promote and pursue infill and refill develop
• Promote transit-oriented development
• Consider requirements for new develop t ve less avel demand than comparable
existing development
• Promote LEED for neighborhoods ints are to developments that are located near
transit stops
Thomas: I can see a down si nside g requirements for new developments to have less
travel demand than existi vel ments little parking at Walmart, etc.)
Jackson:How implementable decides what the comparable existing development is?
Smith: Aspen is in o n' g that as part of their process.
The plan supports cal ec omy.
Mason Corridor—new re velopment opportunities along the corridor.
Colorad' n Fund— net with the Governor's Energy Office on the Colorado Carbon
Fund.
E iency and green building—new jobs associated with increased demand for building
e dits and upgrades.
Plan that will go to Council does not quite meet the goals,but comes close. For 2012 the
imate is between 55 - 80%of the intent. That difference can be made up by purchasing carbon
offsets. In 2020 the estimated benefit comes close to 90%.We will provide annual progress
reports and a comprehensive review every other year.
If Council adopts the plan it will be by resolution. Implementation will come down to individual
Council decisions, for example:
• 2009 budget exception requests to support Utilities' programs
• Adopt a new energy policy
• Decisions on trash services study,recycling programs
What's next?
-DRAFT Regular Meeting Minutes Page 7
October 15, 2008
Board presentations: October/November
Public Open House: November 12
Council consideration of adoption: December 2
Jenkins: If I look at the pie charts in your handout,how do they relate to the Estimated Carbon
Reduction slide and vehicle miles traveled?
Jackson: That was in my Transportation Master Plan—it isn't an accurate measure of congestion.
Smith: Transportation is responsible for 29%of communitywide emissions and is the 2nd largest
source after electricity use(48%).The total benefit from the transportation strategies represent a
small portion(les than 5%)of reductions. There are three ways to reduce emissions: reducing
miles driven;using more fuel-efficient vehicles; changing the fuel.We have more control over
development of the transportation network and little if any control over vehic uels. Other
Climate Plans struggle with this as well.
Thomas: In your materials,Table VI on Proposed VMT Reductions: T rograms are only
500,000 of projected VMT-avoided.Why such a low number? i:�s a itcould be a bigger
number.
Smith: These were previously considered as individual strategies a ballpark estimates.The
walking/biking element has a goal to reduce 1%of VM e Employer program element was
also based on Denver's model.Those assumptions w ansferred to Fort Collins.These were
originally focusing on short-term reductions(2010/ 1 the short-term,benefits from the
Mason Corridor don't add up to a significant c educNqaWlity
e could take that table out.
Thomas:I could argue that Pavement Manage a issue,yet there is no mention
of that in the Plan.
Smith:Are there estimates of impacts/i ces? could be part of your
recommendation...to look at Pavement an d how it relates to Climate.
Lund: The goal is to elimin by 202 Does that take in consideration that we will have
more people?
Smith: The goals are i cn . The 2050 goal of 80%reduction(508,000)was
established to ave e w p f global climate change.
Robert:You've don eat covering a lot of subjects. I don't see the oil wells covered.
Smith: T is an focuse ions that can be achieved in Fort Collins,and we don't have any
oil wellsW the City I is. That issue is covered in the State Implementation Plan for ozone
and in th ado Climate Action plan. Changing fuels and vehicles also isn't included in this
pl use it is out of our control.
ho as: What action are you seeking, specifically?
ith: If you want to make a recommendation related to consideration of Transportation
re ated issues you could do that.
Steen: I would like to support the elements you are promoting.
Jenkins: It would put it out there to look at. I think there are enough Transportation items
in there to make it worthy.
Motion by Steen: Based on the Climate Action Plan presented, the Board finds the
Transportation elements of the plan consistent with our overall mission and we
recommend their adoption.
-DRAFT Regular Meeting Minutes Page 8
October 15, 2008
Second by Jenkins.
The motion passed unanimously.
Attachment 3
Natural Resource Advisory Board (NRAB) Discussion - Climate Action Plan
Update, October 15,2008
(excerpt from relevant sections from draft, unapproved minutes)
Lucinda Smith and Ana Arias presented an overview of the status of the Draft Climate
Action Plan and recognized that the NRAB has been closely following this process. The
Draft Plan will be presented to Council October 28, 2008. The following points were
raised by NRAB.
Regarding removal of incentives for low emission vehicles because price of gas is
enough incentives, Phil Friedman stated the IRS is considering a$7500 tax incentive for
plug-in hybrid cars when they are available.
In answer to a question from Alan Apt, Lucinda stated the City looks at alternative and
high fuel efficiency vehicles for every purchase. Alan Apt stated he would rather see
subsidizing insulating low income homes than for hybrid vehicles.
It's important for incentives to be transparent. We should support the low income people
first.
When discussing green building, Joe Piesman mentioned the nature of the low bid
structure does not promote building great buildings. Lucinda stated that a mandate for
state agencies requires them to consider environmentally referable products and not
necessarily or automatically go with the lowest bid.
Clint Skutchan stressed people need to arrive at decisions themselves, not be forced to
accept becoming sustainable and practical. Lucinda stated the Plan has both voluntary
and regulatory approaches.
Glen Colton felt conservation makes sense, but suggested keeping everyone involved,
even those who are already doing a lot—be sure to offer them programs and options too.
Clint suggested that the Plan needs to have a funding stream identified.
Lucinda said the draft Plan would only achieve 55% - 78% of the reduction 2012
reduction intent, but Council can opt to purchase carbon offsets to fill a gap.
Clint said the City should have a strategy on how offsets will be purchased and define
that early on. Alan questioned why we are looking outside the community instead of
subsidizing local businesses such as ClimateWise partners. Focus on Fort Collins first.
Then spend money elsewhere.
Glen Colton suggested the community needs to decide if it wants to pay higher electric
rates to help meet these goals, plus reduce usage to reduce rates.
Alan suggested better insulated homes or smart meters would help avoid volatility of
electric rates.
1
Some felt a pilot program for smart meters soon would be a good way to start.
Lucinda stated any electric rate change is also an opportunity for other funding
mechanisms. For example, Boulder is considering a ballot initiative for creative ways
to fund energy efficiency.
Rosemarie Russo stated the Governor's Committee wants to come to Fort Collins to talk
to Utilities and may want to partner with us. If so, there may be some money available
there.
Lucinda stated the Council will be discussing the draft plan in their October 28, work
session. She has been asked to work on costsibenefits as it relates to a household in
dollars per year but that information is not included in the draft plan. It is to give council
a better sense of the impact on the community.
Liz Pruessner commented she liked the way it's evolving, especially tying things together
to do big things in as coordinated way as possible. It's also very challenging and
exciting.
In answer to a question by Heather Manier regarding how you know when carbon is
reduced, Lucinda stated that carbon dioxide concentrations are measured in the air, it is
calculated by creating a carbon inventory, based on things like electricity use, fuel
consumed and trash generated
Alan Apt applauded the Draft Plan and asked if Lucinda wanted a recommendation from
the Natural Resources Advisory Board. After discussion, the NRAB agreed to wait until
after the October 28, Council work session. Lucinda will convey the NRAB discussion
points to Council so they know what the board is thinking.
Joe Piesman suggested Council keep in mind how quickly the U.S. economy and energy
prices are changing and suggested Council focus on the long term, keep focused on
reducing our carbon footprint and that be aware that actual budget initiatives will make
this Plan a reality.
Glen Colton questioned whether Fort Collins should do things based on growth.
Lucinda pointed out that the 1%reduction in electricity usage may not be a true reduction
because things are still growing—The goals are not based on per capita. Actually, there
is an effort to develop a statewide network of communities working on climate.
Sometimes things can be done more effectively if regional. Transportation might be one.
Larimer County is already moving in this direction.
Glen Colton stated people need to realize when Governor Ritter sets a goal they should
take into consideration the population could triple.
2
Attachment 4
Attachment 4 - Estimated Costs/Savin s (as o ' Oct 22, 2008)
2012 Estimated Estimated Annual Cost to Estimated Annual
Measure name Ton CO2 City Cost/Savings to the Public
Expand Climate Wise 739000 - 949000 $ 100 , 000/yr ( 1 FTE plus Net savings of $2+/ton CO2
$305000 ) avoided
Undetermined ; City
Government Organizations Set GHG Goals 429000 building upgrades could be No direct costs
financed
Voluntary lifestyle changes (no
$30 , 000/ year for pilot cost) or voluntary investments
Community Climate Challenge 289000 in efficiency improvements ;
program both lead to long-term net
savings
Colorado Carbon Fund 51000 Marketing (existing Voluntary acquisition of carbon
budgets?) offsets at $20/tons CO2
Push to Meet 50% Waste Diversion Goal :
Larger residential recycling containers
Private paper/glass drop-off $ 106 , 000 plus possible
Increase residential education 599000 - 759000 additional FTE for Estimated at $7 . 50/household
Prohibit disposal of cardboard in waste stream enforcement
Require haulers to provide residential yard
waste collection for added cost
Enhance residential PAYT(2nd can costs more)
Commercial recycling cop-ops Estimated at an
Offer residential yard waste drop-off and additional Estimated at an additional Estimated at an additional
ultimately prohibit disposal of yard waste 13 , 000 - 63 , 000 $ 129 , 000/year $3. 00/household
Construction and Demolition (C&D) drop-off
C&D preference for City contracts
2008 Energy Policy Costs and savings estimates will be developed as part of
Efficiency Programs; SmartGrid , AMI , Pricing 30 , 000 - 509000 the implementation plans for the new Energy Policy, once
Conservation Renewable Energy (to meet adopted .
Colo . RSD and voluntary programs)
Any fee increase would be
passed through to customers.
Natural Gas Energy Conservation 5 ,000 - 10 , 000 Existing staff resources A 1 . 5% increase is estimated to
raise residential customer bills
$ 12- 18/year.
Not calculated for 2008 update
No anticipated additional yet. The 2004 residential
Update Residential Building Code 19000 costs energy code update was
estimated to save home owners
7- 10% on monthly energy bills .
An increase in capital and Fuel and vehicle maintenance
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel 29000 - 12 , 000 operation funding isanticipated . Not quantified savings to program
yet; analysis in progress. Participants .
Roundabout construction
costs are variable; typically
considered to be lower Fuel savings to roundabouts
Modern Roundabouts 19000 than traditional
intersections . Maintenance users .
is less than traditional
intersections .
TOTAL (after double-counting removed ) 2689000 - 378 ,000
Efforts to quantify costs and savings are in progress.
Natural Resources Department
City Of 215 North Mason
Fort Collins 0 Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522 9 70.2216 Attachment 5
970.2214.4.617177 Fax
fc4oy.com/naturalresources
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mayor Hutchinson and City Councilmembers
THRU: Darin Atteberry, City Manager
Diane Jones, Deputy City Manager
FROM: Lucinda Smith, Sr. Environmental Planner
CC: Marty Heffernan, CPRE Director
John Stokes, NRD Director
Brian Janonis, Utilities Executive Director
Patty Bigner, Utilities Customer/Electrical Relations Manager
DATE: August 29, 2008
SUBJECT: August 26, 2008 Work Session Summary—Climate Action Plan Development
On August 26, 2008, City Council held a work session to discuss the development of the Fort
Collins Climate Action Plan. All Councilmembers were present except Councilwoman Poppaw.
In addition to Lucinda Smith, Patty Bigner, and Tony Georgis (consultant with RW Beck),
several staff members were present in the audience in case questions arose.
The information provided to Council for the work session about the currently proposed climate
strategies (slightly different than the CTF recommendations report) did not provide a complete
estimate of costs and did not provide quantified estimates of dollar savings or other ancillary
benefits. Consequently, Council members asked for more clarification on both the costs and
dollar savings associated with proposed measures as well as the ancillary benefits of proposed
strategies. They asked that this information be disclosed, to the extent possible, as part of the
public outreach for the Climate Action Plan.
The City Manager emphasized that as staff compiles the Climate Action Plan, they will work to
provide planning level numbers, but some details will be further fleshed out later when the
implementation proposals are developed and presented for public input and Council
consideration. But to the extent possible, public outreach on the draft Climate Action plan will
be forthright in presenting the range of benefits and impacts to the community in a way that is
accessible to the public.
Council discussed the importance of the annual review process to evaluate progress and update
the plan if new strategies become available or older strategies become obsolete.
F6rt Co ins
Council members offered their individual perspectives on a variety of proposed strategies. In
general, there appears to be good support for programs like Climate Wise and increased energy
efficiency and seeking the most cost-effective approaches. The majority of Council members did
not express interest in pursing RECs (Renewable Energy Certificates), citing concerns that RECs
do not serve to reduce our local emissions and that the money could be better invested back into
our community.
Several questions were raised by Council members as well, including questions about costs,
benefits, a few specifics about proposed strategies, and information about what other local peers
are doing. These questions can be addressed through future information provided to Council in
upcoming work sessions.
Next Steps
A follow-up work session is scheduled for October 28, where Council will review the draft
Climate Action Plan and associated public input. Council consideration of a resolution to adopt
the strategic Climate Action Plan is scheduled for December 2, 2008.
2
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project ATTACHMENT 6
City Council Draft
Work Session 2008 Fort Collins
October 28, 2008 Climate Action Plan
f .t:
1
10
Question for City Council
1 ) Does Council have comments and
direction on the draft Climate Action
Plan prior to considering adoption later
this year ?
Fort Collins 2
1--
1
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
The Vision
Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals
( May 2008)
■ 20 % reduction below 2005 levels, by 2020
■ 80 % reduction below 2005 levels, by 2050
■ " intent to reduce current community-wide
emissions by the end of 2012 to a level not
to exceed 2 . 466 million tons . "
3
The Vision
Fort Collins Greenhouse Gas Goals
410003000
Business As Usual Forecast
375003000 �.
370003000 ,
O2 500 000 Emisssiions ?012 Intent = 294669000
a 2 000,000 �2020 Goal = 290329000
c
�o 175003000
170003000
5003000 2050 Goal = 5085000
0
O) O) O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Year
4
2
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
To get from here to there . . .
Future Projection
Year ( Business As Usual ) Goal Reduction Needed
Tons CO2 Tons CO2 Tons CO2
2012 2 ,9519000 2 ,4665000 485,000 tons/yr in
2012
2020 3 ,4075000 2 ,0329000 1 ,375,000 tons/yr in
2020
2050 Not calculated 5085000 1 , 524,000/year below
2020 goal level
5
Our Emissions
Fort Collins Communitywide
2007 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2 .65 Million Tons
Waste
4%
Transport
29%
Electricity
48%
Natural Gas
19%
6
3
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
The draft Plan
• Largely based on Climate Task Force
Recommendations
• Builds on existing successes
• Contains cost- effective strategies
• Supports the local economy
• Brings multiple other benefits
Flexible implementation schedule
City of
Fort Collins 7
Largely Based on CTF
Recommendations
CTF recommended 16 short-term strategies
Draft Climate Action Plan retains most strategies
Incorporates draft Energy Policy
• Removes "Incentives for Individual Renewable Energy Projects"
• Removes " 15% Renewable Energy by 2011 "
Adds Green Building Measure
Removes " Incentives for Low Emission Vehicles"
Retains "Time of Sale Ordinance" as a long -term
strategy
8
4
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Builds On Existing Successes
..................................................................................................... ......................... .. .. . .......
Estimated Tons CO2e
Measure Name Reduced in 2012
Above 2007 Levels
Energy Efficiency Programs 401000
Climate Wise Program 371000
Single Stream Recycling 14,000
Business and Residential Recycling 71000
Electronics Waste Ban 61000
State- mandated Natural Gas Efficiency 5,000
Programs ( HB1037)
2005 Residential Energy Code i 41000
FortZED Jumpstart � � � 31000
Others 41000
(After double-counting removed) TOTAL 104,000
9
Incorporates Energy Policy
Strategies
❑ Reduce electric utility related emissions 20 % below
2005 levels by 2020 .
❑ Reduce electricity use 1 % per year through energy
efficiency and conservation programs
❑ Develop a SmartGrid road map by the end of 2009
❑ By 2020, manage 10 % of peak load demand through
load management, smart grid , and distributed
generation .
Fort Collins 10
5
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Incorporates Energy Policy
Strategies
❑ Comply with the state- mandated Renewable Portfolio
Standard ( 10% renewable energy by 2020)
❑ Increase the contribution of renewable energy
enough to reach 20% reduction by 2020 , after
accounting for the contributions of energy efficiency,
conservation , minimum renewable energy
requirements and voluntary renewable energy
programs .
Fort Collins
11
Cost - effective strategies
❑ Climate Wise
(Average net savings for reducing carbon $ 2 +/ton )
❑ Reduce electricity use 1 % per year through
energy efficiency and conservation programs
( Efficiency Programs — lowest cost utility resource)
❑ Update building energy codes
( 2004 Res . code update estimated to reduce
homeowner utility bills by 7- 10 % )
❑ Community Climate Challenge
( Municipal building pilot competition reduced energy
use 10- 15 % )
12
6
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Qualitative Measures
important too
For example . . . . .
❑ Regular updates on building energy codes
❑ Continued support for "above code" green building
initiatives
❑ Require Green Building as a Prerequisite for Public
Financing
❑ Promote Net Zero Ready Homes
❑ Promote LEED for Neighborhoods
Fort Collins
13
Supports the local economy
❑ Climate Wise =
Improve business bottom lines, increase
employee attraction and retention
❑ Colorado Carbon Fund —
Local purchase of carbon offset return reinvestment
funds to Fort Collins for implementing more clean
energy projects
❑ Energy efficiency and green building
New jobs associated with increased demand for
building energy audits and upgrades
14
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Brings multiple other benefits
✓ Reduce air pollution emissions ( incl . ozone precursors)
✓ Improve public health
✓ Improve local visibility
✓ Reduce waste and increase landfill diversion rates .
✓ Reduce road congestion
✓ Increase Fort Collins' ability to adapt to a changing
climate
✓ Provide opportunities for leadership
Fort Collins
15
Brings multiple other benefits
✓ Reduce energy costs for heating , cooling and lighting
✓ Reduce motor vehicle fuel costs
✓ Support local businesses and the economy
✓ Redirect investments back into local economy
✓ Reduce dependence on foreign fuel sources
✓ Reduce vulnerability to energy price increases and
volatility
✓ Reduce peak demand and need for new base load
capacity
✓ Diversify energy supply
16
8
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Estimated Carbon Reduction
2020 Estimated
Measure name 2012 Estimated Benefit Benefit
(Tons CO2e) (Tons CO2e)
EXISTING MEASURES 1045000
Expand Climate Wise 73,000 — 94, 000 143,000
Government Organizations Set GHG Goals 42,000 217,000
Community-wide Climate Challenge 28,000 34 ,000
Colorado Carbon Fund 55000 8,000
Push Toward 50% Diversion Goal 73,000 — 137,000 2537000
2008 Energy Policy
Efficiency Programs 20,000 — 30, 000 2141000
SmartGrid , Advanced Metering Infrastructure, 101000 — 201000
Pricing , Conservation 2465000
Renewable energy (Colorado RPS and
voluntary programs) 0 1907000
Natural Gas Energy Conservation 53000 — 105000 521000
Update Residential Building Code 1 ,000 4,000
Reduce Vehicle Miles of Travel 23000 — 125000 141000
Modern Roundabouts 17000 2,000
TOTAL (before double-counting removed) 3667000 -4867000 11481,000
TOTAL (after double-counting removed) 268 ,000 - 378, 000 152129000
Needed to meet objectives 485,000 1 , 375,000
17
Requires Monitoring and
Reporting
Annual Milestone Biennial Budget
Year Progress Tons Cot Review Recommendations
Report
2009 X Fall 2009 for
2010/ 2011
2010 X
2011 X Spring 2011 Fall 2011 for
for2010 2012/ 2013
..........
2012 X 2,466,000
2013 X Spring 2013 Fall 2013 for
for 2012 2014/ 2015
2014 X
2015 X Spring 2015 Fall 2015 for
- for2014 2016/ 2017
2016 X 21263,000
_................
2017 X Spring 2017 Fall 2017 for
for2016 2018/ 2019
.......... ..:
2018 X
........... ..
2019 X Spring 2019 Fall 2019 for
for2018 2020/ 2021
2020 X 21032,000
18
9
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Implementation
Council can determine implementation priorities
in context of evolving City budget and policy
priorities, carbon markets and technology
opportunities,
Possible Fall 2008 Decisions
• 2009 budget exception requests to support Utilities' programs?
• Pursue a franchise fee agreement with Xcel for natural gas?
• Adopt new Energy Policy?
• Adopt Climate Action Plan ?
Fort Collins
19
Implementation
Possible 2009 Decisions
• Electric rate changes?
• Adopt Transit Strategic Plan ?
• Implement new waste reduction initiatives such as commercial
recycling, curbside yard waste, or changes to haulers' licensing
requirements?
Possible 2010/2011 budget requests
• Capital and operations funding for transportation?
• Capital and operations requests for municipal carbon
reduction projects?
• Budget requests for any new solid waste reduction initiatives?
Fort of
20
10
City of Fort Collins : Cities for Climate Protection Project
Next Steps
November Additional public outreach and board
recommendations
November 12 Public Open House, Northside Center
December 2 Council considers adoption of Climate
Action Plan
2009 and ongoing Council consider implementation of
specific strategies in the Plan
Fort Collins
21
Question for City Council
1 ) Does Council have comments and
direction on the draft Climate Action
Plan prior to considering adoption later
this year?
Fort Collins 22
11