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Home My WebLink AboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 12/07/1999 - FIRST READING OF ORDINANCE NO. 196, 1999, DESIGNAT AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY ITEM NUMBER: 21 DATE: December 7, 1999 • FORT COLLINS CITY COUNCIL STAFF: Karen McWilliams SUBJECT: First Reading of Ordinance No. 196, 1999,Designating the Winslow/Guard House,730 West Olive Street, as a Local Landmark Pursuant to Chapter 14 of the City Code. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends adoption of the Ordinance on First Reading. At a public hearing held on November 22, 1999, the Landmark Preservation Commission unanimously recommended designation of this property as a local landmark for its architectural importance to Fort Collins. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The owner of the property,Ada May Guard,is initiating this request for Local Landmark designation for the Winslow/Guard House. The building is significant for its architectural importance, as a beautiful example of the American Foursquare architectural style in Fort Collins. History-The Winslow/Guard house at 730 West Olive Street was built circa 1909 for Dr. William H. Winslow, oculist, and his wife Josephine. The Winslows resided here until 1917. when the property was sold to Thomas Reinholtz. In 1919 the Winslow/Guard house was purchased by C.A. Chestnut and his wife, and was inhabited by the Chestnut family until the late 1940's. It was then sold to Kurt W.Miller,an agent for the Franklin Life Insurance Company,and his wife Lucille. The Millers resided here until it was purchased in 1952 by Harris T. Guard, professor and head of the Mathematics Department at then Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College. His wife, Ada May.was a professor of Chemistry at Colorado A&M. Ada May Guard is the daughter of James and Helen V andewark.both of whom were from Fort Collins pioneer families. Mrs. Guard still resides at the 730 West Olive proper . The Winslow/Guard House is a wonderful example of the American Foursquare architectural style. Interpretations of the American Foursquare home appeared in virtually every pattern book in the early 1900s, and it is one of the most commonly found architectural styles in Colorado after 1900. It peaked in popularity in the U.S. between 1900 and 1925 and is the preeminent post-Victorian residential style. The Foursquare is easily recognized by its square plan and overall simplicity. The typical Foursquare is atwo story hipped roof structure with central dormer.minimal embellishments, broad overhanging eaves with brackets or medallions,classical frieze with dentils,and a porch with hipped roof supported by simple Doric columns or square posts. The Winslow/Guard house, with its red brick exterior,bellcast hipped roof with brackets and center gable,second story balcony. and stone lintels. is a beautiful example of American Foursquare design. DATE: December 7, 1999 2 ITEM NUMBER: 21 In 1956,the Guards made an addition of a single story garage with shed roof,to the northwest comer of the house. The garage has two car bays that face west toward Grant Avenue. It is constructed of red brick, closely matching that of the home's exterior. A minor alteration was also made to the small,screened-in porch on the north side of the house. The entrance to this porch,which originally faced south toward the front of the property,now faces north. These additions do not significantly detract from the beauty and overall historic integrity of this home. ORDINANCE NO. 196, 1999 • OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS DESIGNATING THE WINSLOW/GUARD HOUSE, 730 WEST OLIVE STREET, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO, AS A HISTORIC LANDMARK PURSUANT TO CHAPTER 14 OF THE CODE OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS WHEREAS,pursuant to Section 14-2 of the City Code, the City Council has established a public policy encouraging the protection,enhancement and perpetuation ofhistoric landmarks within the City; and WHEREAS, by Resolution dated November 22, 1999, the Landmark Preservation Commission(the"Commission")has determined that the Winslow/Guard House has importance to the City as an example of the American Foursquare architectural style in Fort Collins; and WHEREAS,the Commission has further determined that said property meets the criteria of a landmark as set forth in Section 14-5 of the Code and is eligible for designation as a local landmark, and has recommended to the City Council that said property be designated by the City Council as a local landmark; and WHEREAS, the owner of the property has consented to such landmark designation; and • WHEREAS, such landmark designation will preserve the property's significance to the community; and WHEREAS, the City Council has reviewed the recommendation of the Commission and desires to approve such recommendation and designate said property as a historic landmark. NOW. THEREFORE,BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS as follows: Section 1. That the building historically known as the Winslow/Guard House, located on lands in the City of Fort Collins, Latimer County, Colorado, described as follows,to wit: West 140 Feet of Lots 14 & 15, Block 279. Loomis Addition, Less Reception Number 96056251 City of Fort Collins, County of Larimer, State of Colorado also known as 730 West Olive Street, be, and hereby is, designated as a historic landmark pursuant to Chapter 14 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. Section 2. That the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Revised 1983) will serve as the standards by which alterations, additions and other changes to the building located upon the above described property will be reviewed for compliance with Chapter 14, Article III, of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published this 7th day of December,A.D. 1999,and to be presented for final passage on the 4th day of January,A.D. 2000. Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk Passed and adopted on final reading this 4th day of January, A.D. 2000. Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk Communitv Planning and Environmental Services Advance Planning Department t v of Fort Collins RESOLUTION 8, 1999 OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS LANDMARK PRESERVATION COMMISSION RECOMMENDING LOCAL LANDMARK DESIGNATION OF THE WINSLOW/GUARD HOUSE, 730 WEST OLIVE STREET, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO WHEREAS, it is a matter of public policy that the protection, enhancement and perpetuation of sites. structures, and districts of historical, architectural or geographic significance, located within the city, are a public necessity and are required in the interest of the prosperity, civic pride and general welfare of the people; and WHEREAS. it is the opinion of the City Council that the economic. cultural and aesthetic standing of this city cannot be maintained or enhanced by disregarding the historical. architectural and geographical heritage of the city and by ignoring the destruction or defacement of such cultural assets; and WHEREAS, the Winslow/Guard House, 730 West Olive Street. Fort Collins, Colorado, has architectural importance to Fort Collins as a beautiful example of the American Foursquare style of architecture: and • WHEREAS. the Landmark Preservation Commission has determined that the Winslow/Guard House meets the criteria of a landmark as set forth in Section 14-5 of the code and is eligible for designation as a local landmark: and WHEREAS. the owner of the property has consented to such landmark designation. NOW. THEREFORE. be it resolved by the Landmark Preservation Commission of the City of Fort Collins as follows: Section 1. That the Landmark Preservation Commission recommends to the Council of the City of Fort Collins that the building known as the Winslow/Guard House. located on the lands in the Cite of Fort Collins. Larimer County. Colorado, described as follows, to wit: West 140 Feet of Lots 14 & 15. Block 279, Loomis Addition. Less Reception Number 96056251 City of Fort Collins, County of Latimer, State of Colorado also known as 730 West Olive Street be designated as a Local Landmark in accordance with Chapter 14 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. Vor;s, `uilege 1v enue • P.O. Box 580 • Fort Collins, CO 80522-0; • (970)_21-6376 :] • =L !9701 _#-6002 • E-mail: aplanning(Eci.for,-collins.co.us Landmark Preservation Commission \ Resolution No. 8. 1999 Page 2 Section 2. That the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service, Revised 1983) shall serve as the standards by which alterations, additions and other changes to the building located upon the above described property shall be reviewed for compliance with Chapter 14, Article III, of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. Passed and adopted at a regular meeting of the Landmark Preservation ission of —it of Fort Collins held this 22nd day of November, A.D. 1999. Pe,046gestad, Chairman ATm t Secretary/Staff Community Planning and Environmental Services Advance Planning Department tv of Fort Collins LANDMARK PRESERVATION COMMISSION November 22, 1999 STAFF REPORT REQUEST: Local Landmark Designation of the Winslow/Guard House, 730 West Olive Street, Fort Collins. Colorado STAFF CONTACT: Karen McWilliams, Preservation Planner APPLICANT: Ada May Guard. BACKGROUND: Staff is pleased to present for your consideration the Local Landmark designation of the Winslow/Guard House, 730 West Olive Street. The home is important as a wonderful example of the American Foursquare style of architecture in Fort Collins, with good inteerity. Architectural and Historical Importance - The Winslow/Guard house at 730 West Olive Street was built circa 1909 for Dr. William H. Winslow, oculist. and his wife Josephine. The Winslows resided here until 1917. when the property was sold to Thomas Reinholtz. In 1919 the Winslow/Guard house was purchased by C.A. Chestnut and his wife. and was inhabited by the . Chestnut family until the late 1940's. It was then sold to Kurt W. Miller. an agent for the Franklin Life Insurance Company, and his wife Lucille. The Millers resided here until it was purchased in 1952 by Harris T. Guard. professor and head of the Mathematics Department at then Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College, and his wife Ada May. Ada May Guard is the daughter of James and Helen Vandewark, both of whom were from pioneer families. Mrs. Guard still resides at the 730 West Olive property. The Winslow/Guard House is a wonderful example of the American Foursquare architectural stele. Interpretations of the American Foursquare home appeared in virtually even pattern book in the early 1900s. and it is one of the most commonly found architectural styles in Colorado after 1900. It peaked in popularity in the L.S. between 1900 and 1925 and is the preeminent posi-Victorian residential style. The Foursquare is easily recognized by its square plan and overall simplicity. The typical Foursquare is a two store hipped roof structure with central dormer, minimal embellishments. broad overhanging eaves with brackets or medallions, classical frieze with lentils, and a porch with hipped roof supported by simple Doric columns or square posts. The Winslow/Guard house, with its red brick exterior, bellcast hipped roof with brackets and center _able. second stop balcony, and stone lintels. is a beautiful example of American Foursquare design. In 1956. the Guards made an addition of a single stop garage with shed roof, to the northwest corner of the structure. The garage has two car bays that 'face west toward Grant Ave. It was constructed of red brick. closely matching that of the home's exterior. A minor alteration was • also made to the small- screened-in porch on the north side of the house. The entrance to this '_cl North Coileee 3yenue • P.O. Box 580 • Fort Collins, CC) SO-4==-0580 • (970) "?1-6376 =-_\ (0701 _4-via • 7DD (970) 224-e002 • E-maii: aplanning!mci.iort-collins.co.us porch, which originally faced south toward the front of the property, now faces north. These additions do not significantly detract from the beauty and overall historic integrity of this home. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approving this request for Local Landmark designation of the Winslow/Guard House, 730 West Olive Street, Fort Collins, Colorado, for its architectural importance to our community as a beautiful example of the American Foursquare architectural style. Community Planning and Environmental Services a Advance Planning Department Historic Preservation Office P.O. Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522 Clty of Fort Collins (970) 221-6376 LOCAL tHSTORIC LANDMARK DESIGNATION NOMINATION FORM Date: NnvPmhar 1 R 1 QQQ Please type/print all entries LOCATION PARCEL NUMBER: Address?30 w Olive c T I n West 140 Feet Of t ON 14 .0 IS Rln k 779 1 namis Addifinn Ciry of Par Callim T eqs Reception Number96056251 Property Name (Historic and/or common): wi l .dr d lJouse FORM-PREPARED"BY: Name/Title: Inmio N' h i Rignrir "---"— n l Address: rin,nf Tznr Calm Advanre Planning nep2mnpw Phone: (970) loA-FmR Relatinnchip rn O npr Name OWNER:INFORMATION Name: Ada May Guard Phone: (70)482- 0148 Address:?10 w Olive Street Fan ColliColorado80571 BO1&DARWS/TYPE OF I)FSIGNATION a Landmark (improvement only) Landmark District (improvement + site/surrounding environment) Further explanation of boundary determination: C:\DOCFU.ZDF.SIGN AT.ION\730 W OLi\'.DFS Lul lWni laJ�l Ibpyo Fm 281 North College Avenue • P.O.Box 580 • Fort Collins,CO 80522-0580 • (970)221-6376 FAX (970)224-6111 • TDD(970)224-6002 • E-mail: aplanningCci.fort-collins.co.us CLASSIFICATION �i Category: Ownership: Status: Present Use: X Building Public Y Occupied — Commercial Entertainment Structure Private _ Unoccupied _ Educational _Government — Site _ Religious _ Other: — Object __X Residential — District Existing Designation: National Register State Register SIGNIFICANCE Architectural: — Represents work of noteworthy architect — Possesses high artistic value X Represents a type, period, or method of construction Historical: Associated with significant persons — Associated with significant event or historic trend — Contributes to the significance of an historic district Geographical: Related to or part of distinctive area — Unique location Further Continents: Dle2ge gPe nn2rhM infn' 2tinn (Add continuation sheet if needed) Please attach a narrative of the historical significance of the property. Include a title search if the property is important for its association with a significant person. Further Comments: PlnneP caw nmrhwt infnt Minn C:MDOCP¢.MFSIGNAT.IOM730WOUV.DES '- Pap ARCHITECTURAL AND PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION • Construction Date: 1909 Architect/Builder: Unkriown Building Materials: Rrirk gandgtnne frnmdation Architectural Style: American Fnnrgmmre Residential Special Features/Surroundings: Pleage gee attnrhPd infnrmatinn (Add a continuation sheet if needed. Please include black and white photos of each elevation of the property.) Describe anv additions to the properr: please gee attached in nrmatinn REFERENCE IJST OR SOURCES OF INFORMATION Fort Collins City Directories • Larimer Countv Assessor's Records Field survey of pnoppm- rnndnrtPA by t R Wneley 7/11/R7 (Add a continuation sheet, if needed) FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date Determined "Eligible" Ordinance k Application within last 12 months? Yes No . Date Recorded C:%DOCFILEiDES IGN ATJON V 30 W OLI V.DES Page 3 AGREEMENT The undersigned owner(s) hereby agrees that the property described herein be considered for local historic landmark designation, pursuant to the Fort Collins Landmark Preservation Ordinance, Chapter 14 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. I understand that upon designation, I or my successors will be requested to notify the Secretary of the Landmark Preservation Commission at the City of Fort Collins Historic Preservation Office prior to the occurrence of any of the following: 1. Preparation of plans for reconstruction or alteration of the exterior of the improvements on the property, or; 2. Preparation of plans for construction of, addition to or demolition of improvements on the property. 3. I further understand that if I apply for a building permit for any one of the following: a. Alteration or reconstruction of or addition to the exterior of any improvement which constitutes all or pan of a landmark structure or landmark district; b. Demolition or relocation of any improvement which constitutes all or pan of a landmark structure or landmark district; c. Construction or erection of or addition to any improvement upon any land included in a landmark district; d. Or if I proceed with any work not requiring a building permit as set forth in Section 14-47; the Building Inspector and the Landmark Preservation Commission shall be under the time constraints and other requirements as outlined in Chapter 14, Article III of the Code of the City of Fort Collins. DATED thisz2 hd day of � Z 19 _ � raM � L/ ADA MaY GOA120 Owner Name(please print) Signature State of( ,tfy[r'✓ ao c ) County of �j�^-/ (�/'2n Subscribed and sworn �too before me this A"y of / llelmb" 19 by Al( Witness my band and officfiall seal. My eommissim expues= MXCWV11W t 10,2002 NotaryPuWV C:\DOCFn.EIDFSIGNAT.lONV30WOI,IV.DES miw,Rr.va�rv. ._ Page 4 r Winslow/Guard House, 730 West Olive Street Architectural and Historical Importance - The Winslow/Guard house at 730 West Olive Street was built circa 1909 for Dr. William H. Winslow, oculist, and his wife Josephine. The Winslows resided here until 1917, when the property was sold to Thomas Reinholtz. In 1919 the Winslow/Guard house was purchased by C.A. Chestnut and his wife, and was inhabited by the Chestnut family until the late 1940's. It was then sold to Kurt W. Miller, an agent for the Franklin Life Insurance Company, and his wife Lucille. The Millers resided here until it was purchased in 1952 by Hams T. Guard, professor and head of the Mathematics Department at then Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College. His wife, Ada May, was a professor of Chemistry at Colorado A&M. Ada May Guard is the daughter of James and Helen Vandewark, both of whom were from Fort Collins pioneer families. Mrs. Guard still resides at the 730 West Olive property. The Winslow/Guard House is a wonderful example of the American Foursquare architectural style. Interpretations of the American Foursquare home appeared in virtually every pattern book in the early 1900s. and it is one of the most commonly found architectural styles in Colorado after 1900. It peaked in popularity in the U.S. between 1900 and 1925 and is the preeminent post-Victorian residential style. The Foursquare is easily recognized by its square plan and overall simplicity. The typical Foursquare is a two story hipped roof structure with central dormer, minimal embellishments, broad overhanging eaves with brackets or medallions, classical frieze with dentils, and a porch with hipped roof supported by simple Doric columns or square . posts. The Winslow/Guard house, with its red brick exterior,bellcast hipped roof with brackets and center gable, second story balcony, and stone lintels, is a beautiful example of American Foursquare design. In 1956, the Guards made an addition of a single story garage with shed roof, to the northwest comer of the house. The garage has two car bays that face west toward Grant Avenue. It is constructed of red brick, closely matching that of the home's exterior. A minor alteration was also made to the small, screened-in porch on the north side of the house. The entrance to this porch, which originally faced south towards the front of the property, now faces north. These additions do not significantly detract from the beauty and overall historic integrity of this home. C:MDOCFftZDESIGNATI M73OWCUV.DES Page 5 OWNER'S/NAME AND AUURESS: r M -Yt�lEtlRR ! SD 5 '730 V. OLIVE FT. COLLINS* COLO. , LEGAL DESCRIPTION W 140 FT OF LOTS 14 'AND 15 BLK 279 . ;: FT. COLLINS LOOYIS LOT OR ACREAGE DESCRIPTION LAND VALUE CALCULATION ZONING STREET OR ROAD IMPROVEMENTS TOPOGRAPHY BRIT OEFTH.CORNXN.OTHER FRONT TOOT TOTAL (� uW RE6IDENTIAI Ppy[p � SIDEWALK � LEVEL SIZE OR ACRES Twnw .wmow ACRE VCR ALui VALUE APARTMENT HARD SURFACE_❑ CURB ® HIGH s COMMERCIAL OILED DRIVEWAY STEEP ❑ LIGHT INDUSTRIAL � CITY WATER BGIL ❑ GRAVEL OR STONE❑ WELL❑ SPRING LRIC �_ HEAVY INDUSTRIAL- 1r 1� E]IUNIMPROVED_❑ SEWER mO ❑ CONDITION' EL[CTRICITY_ "j REGULAR LOT GOOD GAB CJ NHT ADDITION 96 AMOUNT TOTAL • SIZE CX 100 AVERAGE_❑ PAVED ALLEY_ IRREGULAR LOT SIZE ❑ NET DHDUCTIONB SL AMOUNT ADD OR DEDUCT ElPOOR _ SPECIAL LAND NOTES: ❑ T'OTAL LAND VALUE BASIS OF ADDITIONS Ofl DEDUCTIONBI le�J W' j -51 SUMMARY ANNUAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY OF LAND AND BUILDING VALUES DESCRIPTION DATE AMOUNT YEAR % REASON LAND IN.ROVi' TOTAL FULL APPRAISED CHANGE MSITYS BUILDING PERMIT - _ 6 16 �� / s s (] s LAND ORIGINAL COBT(IMPROVEh2ENTe 1_ _ - IB� �(' I A �Y D C1 _�� r([�_ � �� _ ADDITIONS AND BETTERMENTS 19 6zi �'�'( 'Jo 1. Sw LOIMOw*MN,oI^oRovaNanTa OWNER'S ESTIMATE OF VALUE to ��LccIL��_L��_ CwwE NE. PRIVATE APPRAISAL IB INSURANCE 18 _ cwwo Mo. MORTGAGE_____ 1B �n_. J �L1 - . mec*. eno , x III G IInY P A rep. 19 • � AREA . �.bNJrnllol Ap.rim•nl a Icn Ve ur 0 6.o4 19 , . ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' . ' �l�r•laa [ [rulbnl 19 - .1(,. i1Lr. 1 r L . . . . . . . • 1) • _— j_ WDAtlp1 M F A B [ I!) FL0Oa3 N r A 0 [ III PLUMBING ' No. UNIT COST COST_ . . . . . . . ' ' . ' c A. WE. Jeb1 . .:.'j... .-. . ect _ - B !u0 rleor _ B. J c. Ba111 _ - r O 9eN.aaJ Nq _ G [Pe. Both . . . . • S 0 BarO.wJ FN m E. Cownl• E To", - . r Rullbnl Flr9 F BolAl.! • �.C .A • Z,O .�31) - TOTAL O Corael 0. lnwo Blau - K r'. - • • • • RATE AOJUBTN[NT COMPUTATIONS x. NIIG•n 811I. . . . . . . . r. .I\. • . . . r ITEM AREA OR V.— Y._. 4 NNI _ L ![ *y! . . . :y.F CHIANTI 4RIDR w. _ •. unilnl•MJ J x w H..ler ' WE.N an 8 _ _ _ B. PIoeUUJ_ _ _ N. Oar.oO• olnJ. ' -* :-• :---. O ---.--•-.Y : 'r�Y� —.,C•J/.1��f� -- AeMelw! _ _ C OrYuoll_ _ L Oun.wMrn � stucco D. WnllnaolJ f . . i r V`•1• .e'Palnle. - F, JR, bM To AL of • . • . . B'uwea _ G nnell,It— -- - u[) nunNe • Doouxe a1 /• —� .BBM.r Br. 91or• _Plf[leu . . �• 1 . . . . . . . ._ - Y _OI BATH FIDOIN Nol AIr Orarllr,_. . . . . N•St... - Bon _ al•__ fa cola - - - _ - .— .._ _.___ __ . wan. xae wal.r _ Ba a a__. . - OOLLAa AOJWTY[Nr COMPUTATIONS _ u18ATx WALL* EL<xI[ R!41.m r AARA OR e.0 Un11 M b._._ G.III.� Yf / - . . . ITEM OWNIIIT YNIr 'F TO. F a5[ eae a OwF 1 �% OP COef ma 9)RNCNEN w.n f na •_ on_ 1.L ♦.t�' b[c/.1 �oa[� ..Jf( J. 6 V W.H. St.,., ./ 1/.�0 iaoHr Eo.. P.NITS" _ ARIA '.• [IQ ELECTRICAL fN .i• gNrlpl°i[A ITEM M F A 0 [ an. ♦RER .Will a Er.pewl•a — irnan L ilx� xmrcil." COMPUTATION!' R C Shah. _ / YEAR .f 1 M I—_"O I, of •Noe Blp. ITEM - A o o uul Tor 1 - A a' unu...to-� Qiia y� WNI rolel- R��e p=u IB 1Na1 Un I _I�r _ .. . .___ 4vfD1�b _. _ 9nllb__ yu081T' _ _ _ _ ..�• i- '� (nl Flour a.canJ floor L1/;2.e of - - - rm.J nos. A C.110I ___ __ NMr III... — Plam91n9 — it- - x.onny B cammt— _ UIL 1171.1181 OTHER IMPROVEMENTS -' '— -- --' - --- - ----- -- ----- -- _._. " Bra.. w.u. rlw.- uai —oln:nuen. wa.n umr can RCN A9. ac.NL.O. °^nm.n.J w..m.nr — t 7 t� iJ %i .570 . .^r � fmlen•J mumen(_ � ZA _�c 11.10.4 ANIe — —— - Ooll.r RJIuNum1 DEP49CIATION ICI Cantlmcllon r.er of .owl Norm_I --- -_ On•oU•wnu % i A4u01.8 -�.. Ao wl•0 AIM°Mol To.r Ac[_ Lllo % OooA Conllrlon Funtlwn.l [comic - % JooO Nawm•nl Cwl —gag?1 // T a �-Mnml Reo - - - --- - - A.�h.L - - — -- —'Orn.r J'/ �. _ ,:;�:, �y�:-1 '` tit '�inj*.�.'SO c>.- �` � � �'��- � � �_ _�__ r �-'! i.• '�� ll ` � ._ _:y_ - - .-:• ... _. - -- A �