HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOUNCIL - AGENDA ITEM - 04/20/2004 - ITEMS RELATING TO THE 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
FORT COLLINS CITY COUNCIL
ITEM NUMBER: 28 A-C
DATE: April 20, 2004
STAFF: Felix Lee
SUBJECT
Items Relating to the 2003 International Residential Code, 2003 International Mechanical Code,
and the 2003 International Fuel Gas Code.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff, the Affordable Housing Board, the Air Quality Advisory Board, the Electric Board, and the
Natural Resources Advisory Board recommend adoption of the Ordinances including mandatory
radon-reduction provisions on First Reading. The Building Review Board recommends adoption
of the Ordinances without mandatory radon-reduction provisions. The Poudre Health Services
District Board recommends mandatory passive radon-reduction provisions. The Home Builders
Association of Northern Colorado recommends adoption of the Ordinances excluding mandatory
radon reduction provisions and the updated energy code provisions.
Staff further recommends that the adoption of said changes go into effect for implementation on
January 1, 2005.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
Fees
The amendments relocate building permit and plan review fees from the building code to the City
Code, Chapter 7.5, “Administrative Fees”, which is administered by the City Manager. The change
provides greater responsiveness and flexibility to adapt to changing economic conditions and service
demands. No changes in fee amounts are proposed at this time.
Construction Costs
Some provisions of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE (IRC) ® and proposed
amendments will impact the cost of new housing construction. See attached summary.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. First Reading of Ordinance No. 068, 2004, Amending Chapter 5, Article 2, Division 2, of
the City Code for the Purpose of Making Certain Amendments to the Uniform Building
Code.
B. First Reading of Ordinance No. 069, 2004, Amending Chapter 5, Article 2, Division 2, of
the City Code for the Purpose of Adopting the 2003 International Residential Code (IRC)®,
with Amendments.
April 20, 2004 -2- Item No. 28 A-C
C. First Reading of Ordinance No. 070, 2004, Amending Chapter 5, Article 4, of the City
Code for the Purpose of Repealing the 1991 Uniform Mechanical Code and Adopting the
2003 International Mechanical Code, with Amendments and Adopting the 2003
International Fuel Gas Code, with Amendments.
The 2003 International Residential Code (IRC)®, 2003 International Mechanical Code 2003 and
the International Fuel Gas Code (the latest version of the nationally-recognized “model” building
codes) and proposed amendments have undergone an extensive sixteen-month review by staff and
a local representative task group. These latest building codes are already in effect in much of the
country. They are the replacement for the “Uniform” code series, which are no longer supported
by the model code organization. The IRC ® and amendments specifically cover only new one- and
two-family dwellings and contains some of the most significant potential changes to the Fort Collins
Building Code in many years. New provisions include:
• Indoor Air Quality:
Radon-reduction venting systems; interior moisture control/ventilation systems; and,
protection of exposed interior fiberglass insulation.
• Energy Conservation:
Updated energy-conservation construction standards providing increased energy-
conservation and performance, and a new optional simplified compliance table.
• Architectural Features:
Safer, less steep stair geometry with lower risers and greater step depth.
• Structural and Exterior Elements:
Structural connection from foundation to roof; and, weather-resistant membrane backing
behind lap siding.
BACKGROUND
TASK GROUP
The local volunteer group, made up of building code officials from Fort Collins and Larimer County,
City board members, builders, private building specialists, and representatives from the Home
Builders Association of Northern Colorado, met for 16 months examining the model code plus local
amendments. See the attachment for a list of individual participants.
Although the Task Group’s purpose is to represent a range of perspectives and not to achieve
consensus, general agreement was achieved on many issues. Members were encouraged to, and
often did express opinions/suggestions on the draft code update package.
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
• Model Code Reorganization
April 20, 2004 -3- Item No. 28 A-C
The “Uniform Building Code” (UBC) development and publishing entity has merged with
the two other prominent national model code organizations to form the International Code
Council. The result is that the “Uniform” codes have been replaced by the “International”
codes. The International Residential Code (IRC®) replaces UBC provisions relating to
construction of single and two-family dwelling units, and townhouses. It contains all
regulations to build homes, including structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing and
energy in ONE book. The 1997 UBC, now in effect in Fort Collins, will eventually be
phased out. But until then, the UBC will continue to apply to all other buildings. The 2003
International Mechanical Code and the 2003 International Fuel Gas Code replace the 1991
Uniform Mechanical Code, currently in effect locally.
• Major Changes
Stairs: The modest cost for actual stairway construction is not the significant issue.
More important are the constraints associated with compact home designs and the greater
floor opening dimensions created by the added 20 inches of horizontal stair length. This
requirement would have the greatest effect on newer higher-density developments
containing homes with compact floor plans on smaller lots, where a two-foot increase
in stair length can affect the entire exterior footprint.
Under-floor moisture control: A vapor retarder is now required on any exposed
interior ground surfaces. The proposed amendments would require sealing and attaching
the membrane to the foundation wall. Additionally, to compensate for expansive soils,
10% - 15% of new homes will have structural basement floor systems that are suspended
above the ground surface. The new provisions offer a prescriptive standard, avoiding
specialized engineering. Also, the proposed amendments specify a continuously
operating moisture ventilation system under the subfloor. To reduce the possibility of
“down-drafting” combustion products into the living space, enclosed combustion or
power-vented heating and water-heating appliances are required. Conventionally-vented
appliances may also be used, provided the appliances are tested to insure combustion
products are vented properly.
Radon-resistant construction: The IRC® does not mandate radon systems, but
provides an optional appendix to do so. Also, two mandatory proposed options for new
construction only are provided for Council consideration: either, a) a "Passive" system
or b) a continuously-operating fan “Active” system.
Siding Weather Backing: The IRC® specifies water-resistant membrane (“house
wrap”) attached to exterior sheathing behind fiber board or hardboard lap siding .
Energy Conservation:
(a) Wall insulation: IRC® increases wall insulation performance from R-13 to
R-18. A local amendment retains R-13 for homes 1,600 square feet or less
(b) Windows: IRC® increases windows thermal performance from U-0.5 (R-2)
to U-0.35 (R-3) and specifies solar filtering factor (SHGC) of 0.4.
(c) HVAC : IRC® requires sealing all ductwork
April 20, 2004 -4- Item No. 28 A-C
Amendment requires frame cavities used as ducts be tested for leakage.
Amendment requires test for manufacturer’s specification and for combustion safety.
Amendment specifies new AC equipment to meet the 2007 Federal standard
PUBLIC MEETINGS
Various boards have reviewed and made recommendations on the proposed IRC® and Amendments
package. City Council held a Public Hearing, December 16, 2003, and a Study Session, February
10, 2003 on the proposed IRC® and Amendments package. See attached minutes and
recommendations.
TRANSITION PERIOD
Given the changes contained in the proposed Ordinances, staff recommends that the effective date
of the regulations begins on January 1, 2005. This interim period allows code compliance staff to
put new procedures in place, provide training for builders and staff alike. It also gives builders a
date-certain for redesign work and implementing new production methods and scheduling.
Additionally, with respect to implementing the new stair provisions, staff recommends that approved
development projects be handled on an individual basis, as many of those developments follow the
compact urban design concepts under the City Plan.
ATTACHMENTS
A. Power Point Presentation - Task Group Participants, Overview of Changes, Costs
B. Affordable Housing Board minutes
C. Air Quality Advisory Board minutes
D. Building Review Board minutes
E. Electric Board minutes
F. Natural Resources Advisory Board minutes
G. Health District of Northern Larimer County (PHSD) – “ Radon Overview and Analysis of
the City of Fort Collins Proposal to Require Radon Control Systems in New Residential
Construction” - 12/12/03
H. City Council Public hearing minutes 12/16/03
I. City Council Study Session summary 2/10/04
J. Costs and Benefits of Radon Resistant New Construction
ORDINANCE NO. 068, 2004
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
AMENDING CHAPTER 5, ARTICLE II, DIVISION 2 OF
THE CITY CODE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING CERTAIN
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
WHEREAS, the Council of the City of Fort Collins has determined that it is in the best
interest of the health, safety and welfare of the City and its citizens that the 2003
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE, as amended, regulating the construction, alteration,
movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, removal and
demolition of one- and two-family dwellings only, be adopted; and
WHEREAS, the current building code adopted by City is based on the UNIFORM
BUILDING CODE, 1997 EDITION, published by the International Conference of Building
Officials (ICBO), as enacted in May 1998, regulates all buildings in the City; and
WHEREAS, it is necessary to continue regulating buildings not covered by the 2003
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE, as amended, by maintaining current provisions
applicable to such buildings and to adopt regulations that integrate the current UNIFORM
BUILDING CODE and the proposed 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITH OF FORT
COLLINS that Chapter 5, Article II, Division 2 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins be amended
and revised in the following respects:
Section 1. That Section 5-26(a) and (c) of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 5-26. Adoption of standards.
(a) There is hereby adopted by reference as the building code of the city, the 1997
Uniform Building Code, Volumes 1, 2 and 3, published by the International Conference of Building
Officials, as if set forth in full herein. The subject matter of the codes adopted herein includes
comprehensive provisions and standards regulating the erection, construction, enlargement,
alteration, repair, moving, removal, conversion, demolition, occupancy, equipment, use, height, area
and maintenance of buildings and structures other than detached one and two family dwellings and
multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three (3) stories above grade in height
for the purpose of protecting the public health, safety and general welfare.
. . .
(c) The Model Energy Code, 1995 Edition, promulgated by the Council of American
Building Officials, as amended by the city, is hereby adopted by reference; provided, however, that
the Model Energy Code shall apply to all buildings and structures other than detached one and two
family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) that are not more than three (3)
stories above grade in height.
Section 2. That Section 5-27 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
by the addition of the following new subsections, which shall read in their entirety as follows, with
all subsections in Section 5-27 to be renumbered:
(1) Section 101.3 "Scope" is hereby amended by the addition of a new subsection
101.3.1 which shall read as follows:
"1.0.3.1 Exclusions and effective date. Except as otherwise provided in the
International Residential Code as adopted by the city, this code shall not apply to
one and two family dwellings that are completely separated from adjacent dwellings
by unobstructed physical space ("detached"), or to multiple, attached single-family
dwellings (townhouses) that are not more than three (3) stories in height, with each
townhouse having its own separate means of egress."
(?) Section 106.3 "Application for Permit", is hereby amended by adding a new
subsection thereto, which reads in its entirety as follows:
"106.3.6 Time limitation of application. Applications for which a permit has not
been issued within ninety (90) days following the date of application shall
automatically expire and plans submitted for code-compliance review may thereafter
be returned to the applicant or destroyed by the building official. The building
official may extend the time for action by the applicant for a period not exceeding
ninety (90) days upon written request by the applicant showing that circumstances
beyond the control of the applicant have prevented action from being taken. In order
to renew action on an application after expiration, the applicant shall resubmit plans
and plan review fee as provided in this Code.
Exception: For applications for affordable housing units as defined in Section 26-
631 of the Code of the City, such expiration shall occur when a permit has not been
issued within one hundred eighty (180) days following the date of permit
application."
(?) Section 106.6.6 "Expiration" is hereby amended by revising the section in its entirety
to read as follows:
"106.4.4 Permit expiration and incompletion of authorized work. Every permit
issued, both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, shall become
invalid if the work authorized by such permit has not been commenced within one
hundred eighty (180) days after issuance of the permit, or if such work, once
commenced, is suspended or abandoned for a period of one hundred eighty (180)
days after the date the work was commenced. The building official is authorized to
grant, in writing, extensions of time for periods of not more than one hundred eighty
(180) days each. Each extension must be requested in writing and justifiable cause
demonstrated. No more than two such extensions may be granted by the building
official unless the additional extension(s) have first been approved by the Building
Review Board.
Both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, any work authorized
by a permit regulated by this code, or under any other building construction code
administered by the building official, that involves the construction or alteration of
an exterior building component, assembly or finish material, such as the foundation,
wall and roof framing, sheathing, siding, fenestration, and roof covering, shall be
fully completed for permanent outdoor exposure within twenty four (24) months of
the date of issuance of such permit, regardless of when the permit was issued.
Failure to comply with the foregoing time period shall constitute a violation of this
code, resulting in revocation of the permit, and shall subject the permit holder and
property owner to all penalties provided by the Code of the City. No such revoked
permit may be reinstated, nor shall a new permit be issued for work previously
authorized by the revoked permit, unless such reinstatement or issuance of a new
permit has first been approved by the Building Review Board."
(?) "Section 107, Fees is hereby amended by revising the section in its entirety to
read as follows:
SECTION 107 - FEES
107.1 Payment of fees. No permit with any amendments and related constructions
plans therefore shall be valid until the fees prescribed by the city manager pursuant
to Chapter 7.5, Article I of the Code of the City, entitled, "ADMINISTRATIVE
FEES", have been paid.
107.2 Related fees. The payment of the fee required pursuant to Section 107.1 shall
not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from the payment of other fees that
are prescribed by law.
107.3 Fee refunds. The City Manager may authorize the refunding of any fee paid
hereunder that was erroneously paid or collected. The building official may authorize
the refunding of eighty percent (80%) of a plan review fee or building permit fee to
the applicant who paid such fee pursuant to this section, provided the plan review or
work authorized under a permit issued in accordance with this Code is withdrawn or
cancelled and has not commenced, and provided such plan review or permit is valid
and not expired as set forth in this section. Prior to authorizing the refunding of any
fee paid to the original applicant or permittee, a written request from such party must
be submitted to the City within one hundred eighty (180) days of the date of the fee
payment.
Section 3. That Section 5-29 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows:
Sec. 5-29. Violations and penalties.
The following section of the Uniform Building Code contains a penalty clause, which
is amended in its entirety to read as follows:
"205. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct,
enlarge, alter, repair, move, improve, remove, convert or demolish, equip, use,
occupy or maintain any building or structure in the city or cause the same to be done
contrary to or in violation of any of the provisions of this code. Any person, firm or
corporation violating any of the provisions of this code shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and subject to penalties set forth in 1-15 of the Code of the City of
Fort Collins."
103.1 Violations and penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code
or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who erects, installs, alters
or repairs a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents
or directive of the building official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the
provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor subject to the penalties and
fines pursuant to Section 1-15 of the CODE OF THE CITY, punishable by a fine of
not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment not exceeding one
hundred eighty (180) days, or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a
violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate
offense.
1.3.2 Work commencing before permit issuance. In addition to the penalties set
forth in 103.1, any person or firm who, before obtaining the necessary permit(s),
commences any construction of, or work on, a building, structure, electrical, gas,
mechanical or plumbing system that is not otherwise exempted from obtaining a
permit, shall be subject to a processing and penalty fee in addition to the standard,
prescribed permit fee. Such additional fee shall be equal to the amount of the permit
fee, except that the additional fee shall be not less than fifty dollars ($50) nor more
than one thousand dollars ($1,000). A person or firm committing the same such
violation repeatedly shall be subject to processing and penalty fees equal to double
the amount of the permit fee or double the amount charged for the last preceding
violation, whichever is greater, for every subsequent violation committed within any
one hundred eight (180) day period. The foregoing fees may be appealed to the City
Manager pursuant to Chapter 2, Article VI of the Code of the City."
Section 4. That all of the foregoing changes enacted by this Ordinance shall become
effective for implementation commencing on January 1, 2005.
Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published in summary
form this 20th day of April A.D. 2004, and to be presented for final passage on the 4th day of
May A.D. 2004.
_________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
_____________________________
City Clerk
Passed and adopted on final reading this 4th day of May, A.D. 2004.
_________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
_____________________________
City Clerk
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ORDINANCE NO. 069, 2004
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
AMENDING CHAPTER 5, ARTICLE II, DIVISION 2, OF THE CITY CODE
FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADOPTING THE 2003 INTERNATIONAL
RESIDENTIAL CODE (IRC)7, WITH AMENDMENTS
WHEREAS, the current building code adopted by City is based on the UNIFORM
BUILDING CODE, 1997 EDITION, published by the International Conference of Building
Officials (ICBO), as enacted in May 1998; and
WHEREAS, ICBO has since merged the other two nationally prominent building-code
promulgating organizations, Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA)
and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI), to form International Code Council
(ICC); and
WHEREAS ICC jurisdiction members, following extensive deliberation, have published the
2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE as the ICC=s most recent edition of a building
code regulating the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair,
equipment, use and occupancy, location, removal and demolition of one- and two-family dwellings;
and
WHEREAS, a Code Review Task Group (represented by code officials from the City of Fort
Collins and Larimer County, the building industry in the Larimer County region and nationally, the
Home Builders= Association of Northern Colorado, various product suppliers, building science
professionals from E-Star Colorado, the Building Review Board, the Affordable Housing Board,
and the Air Quality Advisory Board) has completed a sixteen-month review of the 2003
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE and the proposed amendments thereto; and
WHEREAS, the Affordable Housing Board, the Air Quality Advisory Board, the Building
Review Board, the Electric Board, the Health District of Northern Larimer County Board, and the
Natural Resources Advisory Board have made certain recommendations with respect to the adoption
of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE and proposed amendments; and
WHEREAS, the Council of the City of Fort Collins has determined that it is in the best
interest of the health, safety and welfare of the City and its citizens that the 2003
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE, as amended be adopted.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT
COLLINS that Chapter 5, Article II, Division 2 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby
amended and revised in the following respects:
Section 1. That Section 5-26 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
by the addition of a new subparagraph (d) which reads in its entirety as follows:
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(d) There is hereby adopted by reference as the residential building code of the
city, the 2003 Edition of the International Residential Code, published by the International
Code Council as if set forth in full herein. The subject matter of the International
Residential Code adopted herein includes comprehensive provisions and standards for the
protection of the public health and safety by prescribing regulations governing the
construction, alteration, enlargement, relocation, replacement, repair, equipment, use and
occupancy, location, removal an demolition of, and its applicability is hereby limited to,
individual non-attached one and two family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings
(townhouses) not more than three (3) stories above grade in height with a separate means of
egress, and their accessory structures.
Section 2. That Section 5-28 of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended
to read as follows:
Sec. 5-28. Defintions.
The following words, terms and phrases, when used in the Uniform Building Code,
adopted in ' 5-26Article II of this chapter and in any code adopted by reference therein, shall
have the meanings ascribed to them in this Section:
Building Official shall be synonymous with Director of Building and Zoning.
This jurisdiction, municipality or city shall mean the City of Fort Collins.
Whenever the word municipality, jurisdiction or city is used it shall mean the City of
Fort Collins.
Whenever the term Building Official is used the term shall be synonymous with
Director of Building and Zoning or authorized representative.
Section 3. That the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended by the addition of
a new Section 5-30 which reads in its entirety as follows:
Sec. 5-30. Amendments and deletions to code.
The 2003 International Residential Code adopted herein is hereby amended in the
following respects:
(1) Section R101.2, AScope.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR101.2 Scope. The provisions of the International Residential Code for One and Two-family
Dwellings shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair,
equipment, use and occupancy, location, removal and demolition of one- and two-family dwellings
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space (>detached@) and
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multiple, attached single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three stories in height and
with each townhouse having its own separate means of egress.@
(2) Section R102, AAPPLICABILITY@, is hereby amended in the following respects:
a) Subsection R102.4, AReferenced codes and standards,@ is hereby amended by adding the
following new subsections thereto reading as follows:
A102.4.1 All references to the International Building Code shall mean the current general
building code enacted by the City.
102.4.2 All references to the International Plumbing Code shall mean current plumbing code in
effect in the City.
102.4.3 All references to the International Fire Code shall mean the current fire code enacted by
the City.
102.4.4 All references to Aflood hazard@ shall refer to the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter 10,
Flood Prevention and Protection.
b) A new subsection, AR102.8 Areas prone to flooding,@ is hereby added, reading as follows:
AR102.8 Areas prone to flooding. All references to Aareas prone to flooding@ in this code and
appendices adopted therewith shall be in accordance with the CODE OF THE CITY , Chapter
10, Flood Prevention and Protection.@
(3) Section R103, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:
ASECTION R103 B CODE ADMINISTRATION
R103.1 Entity charged with code administration. The Building and Zoning Department as
established by the CODE OF THE CITY, is hereby charged with the administration and enforcement
of this code.
R103.2 Building official. The building official is charged with the administration of this code, and
in the performance of said duties may delegate the necessary authority to the appropriate technical,
administrative, and compliance staff under the supervision of the building official.@
(4) Section R105, APERMITS@, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) Subsection R105.2, AWork exempt from permit.@, is hereby amended by revising the
first paragraph and subsequent listed numbered items related to ABuilding:@ to read as
follows and the remainder of the subsection adopted as published:
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AR105.2 Work exempt from permit. Permits shall not be required for the following buildings,
structures, or alterations listed below. Exemption from the permit requirements of this code shall
not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the
provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the City.
ABuilding:
1.Detached one-story accessory buildings used for lawn and garden equipment storage, tool
storage and similar uses provided such buildings do not exceed one hundred twenty (120)
square feet (11.15 m2) of floor area nor eight (8) feet (2.438 m) in height, do not house
flammable liquids in quantities exceeding ten (10) gallons (38 l) per building and are
constructed entirely of noncombustible materials when located less than three (3) feet (0.914
m) from an adjoining property line.
2. Fences not over 6 feet (1.829 m) high.
3. Retaining walls that are not over 4 feet (1.219 m) in height measured from the bottom of the
footing to the top of the wall, unless supporting a surcharge.
4. Water tanks supported directly upon grade if the capacity does not exceed 5,000 gallons
(18,927 L) and the ratio of height to diameter or width does not exceed 2 to 1.
5. Platforms and decks intended for human occupancy or walking that are determined not to be
playground or play equipment, walks, ramps and driveways, all of which are not more than 30
inches (762 mm) above adjacent grade and are not over any basement or story below.
6. Painting, papering, tiling, carpeting, cabinets, counter tops and similar finish work.
7. Prefabricated and portable swimming or wading pools, hot tubs or spas when the walls are
entirely above grade and which cannot contain water more than twenty-four (24) inches (610
mm) deep.
8. Swings and other play or playground equipment, including elevated playhouses not exceeding
(120) square feet (11.15 m2) of floor area nor eight (8) feet (2.438 m) in height measured from
the floor to the highest point of such structure, designed and used exclusively for play.
9. Window awnings on Group R, Division 3 and Group U Occupancies projecting not more than
54 inches (1372 mm), window replacement requiring no structural alteration and when such
work is determined not to be historically significant, storm window, storm door and rain gutter
installation.
10.Roofing repair or replacement work not exceeding one square of covering per building.
11. Replacement of nonstructural siding.
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12. Minor work valued at less than five hundred dollars ($500.) when such minor work does not
involve alteration of structural components, fire-rated assemblies, plumbing, electrical,
mechanical or fire-extinguishing systems.@
(b) Section R105.3.2, ATime limitation of application.@, is hereby amended in its entirety to
read as follows:
AR105.3.2 Time limitation of application. Applications for which a permit has not been issued
within 90 days following the date of application shall automatically expire and plans submitted
for code-compliance review may thereafter be returned to the applicant or destroyed by the
building official. The building official may extend the time for action by the applicant for a
period not exceeding 90 days, upon receipt of a written request by the applicant showing that
circumstances beyond the control of the applicant have prevented action from being taken. In
order to renew action on an application after expiration, the applicant shall resubmit plans and
plan review fee as provided in this Code.
Exception: For applications to construct affordable housing units as defined in Section 26-
631 of the CODE OF THE CITY, such expiration shall occur when a permit has not been
issued within 180 days following the date of permit application.@
(c) Section R105.5, AExpiration.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR105.5 Permit expiration and incompletion of authorized work. Every permit issued, both
prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, shall become invalid unless the work
authorized by such permit is commenced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the work
authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned for a period of 180 days after the time the
work is commenced. The building official is authorized to grant, in writing, extensions of time,
for periods not more than 180 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and
justifiable cause demonstrated. No more than two such extensions may be granted by the
building official without the permit holder first requesting and being granted the additional
extension(s) by the Building Review Board pursuant to Section R112.
Both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, any work authorized by a permit
regulated by this code or any other building construction code administered by the building
official that involves the construction or alteration of an exterior building component, assembly
or finish material, such as the foundation, wall and roof framing, sheathing, siding, fenestration,
and roof covering, shall be fully finished and completed for permanent outdoor exposure within
24 months of date of this issuance of such permit, regardless of when then permit was issued.
Failure to comply with the preceding specified time-period shall constitute a violation of this
code, resulting in revocation of the permit and subject the permit holder and property owner to
all penalties provided by the CODE OF THE CITY. No such revoked permit may be reinstated
or a new permit issued therefor without the property owner or permit holder first requesting and
being granted such reinstatement or issuance of a new permit by the Building Review Board
pursuant to Section R112.
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(d) Two new subsections, AR105.9 Premises.@ and AR105.10 Transfer of permits.@, are hereby
added to read as follows:
AR105.9 Premises Identification. The approved permit number and street address number shall
be displayed and be plainly visible and legible from the public street or road fronting the
property on which any new building is being constructed.
AR105.10 Transfer of permits. A current valid building permit may be transferred from one
party to another upon written application to the building official. When any changes are made to
the original plans and specifications that substantially differ from the plans submitted with the
permit, as determined by the building official, a new plan review fee shall be paid as calculated
in accordance with Section R108. A fee of fifty dollars ($50.) shall be paid to cover
administrative costs for all building permit transfers. No change shall be made in the expiration
date of the original permit.@
(5) Section R106, ASUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R106 B SUBMITTAL DOCUMENTS
R106.1 Submittal documents. Construction documents, special inspection and structural
observation programs, and other data shall be submitted in one or more sets with each application for
a permit. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where
required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where special
conditions exist, the building official is authorized to require additional construction documents to
be prepared by a registered design professional.
Exception: The building official is authorized to waive the submission of construction
documents and other data not required to be prepared by a registered design professional if it is
found that the nature of the work applied for is such that reviewing of construction documents is
not necessary to obtain compliance with this code.
R106.1.1 Information on construction documents. Construction documents shall be drawn
upon suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted when
approved by the building official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to
indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will
conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as
determined by the building official.
R106.1.2 Manufacturer=s installation instructions. Manufacturer=s installation instructions, as
required by this code, shall be available on the job site at the time of inspection.
R106.1.3 Information for construction in areas prone to flooding. Flood hazard areas shall
be as established and regulated thereby in accordance with the CODE OF THE CITY=, Chapter
10, Flood Prevention and Protection.
7
R106.1.4 Grading performance plans and certificate. Every building permit application for a
new building regulated by this code shall be accompanied by a site drainage plan as prescribed
by City standards.
R106.1.5 Exterior wall envelope. Construction documents for all buildings shall describe the
exterior wall envelope in sufficient detail to determine compliance with this code and with
Section N1111. When applicable as determined by the building official, construction documents
submitted as part of the building permit application shall provide details of the exterior wall
envelope as required, including flashing, intersections of dissimilar materials, corners, end
details, control joints, intersections at roof, eaves, or parapets, means of drainage, water-resistive
membrane, and details around openings. The construction documents shall include
manufacturing installation instructions that provide supporting documentation that the proposed
penetration and opening details described in the construction documents maintain the weather
resistance of the exterior wall envelope. The supporting documentation shall fully describe the
exterior wall system which was tested, where applicable, as well as the test procedure used.
R106.2 Site plan. The construction documents submitted with the application for permit shall be
accompanied by a site plan showing the size and location of new construction and existing structures
on the site and distances from lot lines. In the case of demolition, the site plan shall show
construction to be demolished and the location and size of existing structures and construction that
are to remain on the site or plot. The site plan shall include a grading performance plan as specified
in R106.1.4.
(6) Section R107, TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND USES@, is deleted in its entirety.
(7) Section R108, AFEES@, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:
ASECTION B 108 FEES
R108.1 Payment of fees. No permit with any amendments and related construction plans therefor
shall be valid until the fees prescribed by the City Manager pursuant to Chapter 7.5, ARTICLE I of
the CODE OF THE CITY, entitled, AADMINISTRATIVE FEES@, have been paid.
R108.2 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction, alteration, removal or demolition
for work done in connection with or concurrently with the work authorized by a building permit
shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from the payment of other fees that are
prescribed by law.
R108.3 Fee refunds. The City Manager may authorize the refunding of any fee paid hereunder that
was erroneously paid or collected. The building official may authorize the refunding of 80% of a
plan review fee or building permit fee to the applicant who paid such fee pursuant to Sections
R108.2 and R108.6, provided the plan review or work authorized under a permit issued in
accordance with this Code is withdrawn or cancelled and has not commenced and provided such
plan review or permit is valid and not expired as set forth in Sections R105.5 and R108.4. Prior to
8
authorizing the refunding of any fee paid to the original applicant or permitee, a written request from
such party must be submitted to the City within 180 days of the date of the fee payment.@
(8) Section 109, AINSPECTIONS@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION 109 B INSPECTIONS
R109.1 Types of inspections. For on-site construction, from time to time the building official, upon
notification from the permit holder or his agent, shall make or cause to be made any necessary
inspections and shall either approve that portion of the construction as completed or shall notify the
permit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to comply with this code.
R109.1.1 Foundation inspection. Inspection of the foundation shall be made after poles or piers
are set or trenches or basement areas are excavated and any required forms erected and any
required reinforcing steel is in place and prior to the placing of concrete. The foundation
inspection shall include excavations for thickened slabs intended for the support of bearing
walls, partitions, structural supports, or equipment and special requirements for wood
foundations.
R109.1.2 Plumbing, mechanical, gas and electrical systems inspection. Preliminary
inspection of plumbing, mechanical, gas and electrical systems shall be made prior to covering
or concealment, before fixtures or appliances are set or installed, and prior to framing inspection.
Exception: Ground-source heat pump loop systems tested in accordance with Section
M2105.1 shall be permitted to be backfilled prior to inspection.
R109.1.3 Floodplain inspections. Construction permitted in Aareas prone to flooding@ shall be
regulated in accordance with the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter 10, Flood Prevention and
Protection.
R109.1.4 Frame and masonry inspection. Inspection of framing and masonry construction
shall be made after the roof, masonry, all framing, firestopping, draftstopping and bracing are in
place and after the plumbing, mechanical and electrical rough inspections are approved.
R109.1.5 Fire-resistance-rated construction inspection. Where fire-resistance-rated
construction is required between dwelling units or due to location on property, the building
official shall require an inspection of such construction after all lath and/or wallboard is in place,
but before any plaster is applied, or before wallboard joints and fasteners are taped and finished.
R109.1.6 Site Survey required. A survey or improvement location certificate of the site on
which a new building or addition is to be constructed may be required by the building official to
verify that the structure is located in accordance with the approved plans and any other
regulations of the City.
9
R109.1.7 Final inspection. Final inspection shall be made after the permitted work is complete
and prior to occupancy.
R109.1.8 Other inspections. In addition to the inspections above, the building official may
make or require any other inspections to ascertain compliance with this code and other
applicable laws enforced by the building official.
R109.2 Inspection agencies. The building official is authorized to accept reports of approved
agencies, provided such agencies satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and reliability.
109.3 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the permit holder or their agent to notify the
building official that such work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the person requesting
any inspections required by this code to provide access to and means for inspection of such work.
R109.4 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated in each successive
inspection without first obtaining the approval of the building official. The building official, upon
notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion of the
construction that is satisfactory as completed, or shall notify the permit holder or an agent of the
permit holder wherein the same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall
be corrected and such portion shall not be covered or concealed until authorized by the building
official.
(9) Section R110, ACERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R110 B CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY
R110.1 Use and occupancy. No building or structure shall be used or occupied, and no change in
the existing occupancy classification of a building or structure or portion thereof shall be made until
the building official has issued a certificate of occupancy therefor as provided herein. Issuance of a
certificate of occupancy shall not be construed as an approval of a violation of the provisions of this
code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Certificates presuming to give authority to violate or
cancel the provisions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
Exception: Work exempt from permits under Section R105.2 and accessory buildings and
structures as noted in Section R101.2.
R110.2 Change in use. Changes in the character or use of an existing structure shall not be made
except in conformance with this code and the general building code enacted by the City.
R110.3 Certificate issued. After the building official inspects the building or structure and finds no
violations of the provisions of this code or other laws that are enforced by the department of building
safety, the building official shall issue a certificate of occupancy which shall contain the following:
1. The building permit number.
2. The address of the structure.
10
3. The name and address of the owner.
4. A description of that portion of the structure for which the certificate is issued.
5. A statement that the described portion of the structure has been inspected for compliance with
the requirements of this code.
6. The name of the building official.
7. The edition of the code under which the permit was issued.
8. If an automatic sprinkler system is provided.
9. Any special stipulations and conditions of the building permit.
R110.4 Temporary occupancy. The building official is authorized to issue a temporary certificate
of occupancy before the completion of the entire work covered by the permit, provided that such
portion or portions shall be occupied safely. The building official shall set a time period during
which the temporary certificate of occupancy is valid.
R110.5 Revocation. The building official shall, in writing, suspend or revoke a certificate of
occupancy issued under the provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in error, or on
the basis of incorrect information supplied, or where it is determined that the building or structure or
portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions
of this code.@
(10) Section R112, ABOARD OF APPEALS@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R112 B BOARD OF APPEALS
112.1 General. The Building Review Board (hereafter "Board") as established in Section 2-117 of
the CODE OF THE CITY is hereby empowered in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
section to hear and to decide appeals of orders, decisions, or determinations made by the building
official relative to the application and interpretation of this code; to the suitability of alternative
materials or alternative methods of construction; and the granting of permit extensions and
reinstatements as prescribed by Section R105.5. The building official shall be an ex officio member
of the Board without vote and shall serve as the Secretary of the Board. The Board shall adopt rules
of procedure for conducting its business, and shall render all decisions and findings in writing.
112.2 Applications/Hearings. When a building permit applicant or a holder of a building permit
desires relief from any decision of the building official related to the enforcement of this code,
except as is otherwise limited in Section R112.4, such building permit applicant, building permit
holder, or representative thereof may appeal the decision of the building official to the Board stating
that such decision by the building official was based on an erroneous interpretation of the building
regulations or that an alternative design, alternative materials and/or the alternative methods of
construction proposed by the appellant are equivalent to those prescribed by this code considering
structural strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability, safety and any other pertinent factors.
The Board shall hear and decide all appeals made to it and shall have the authority to rule in favor of
the appellant when the Board determines that the interpretation of the building regulations of the
City by the building official was erroneous, or when the Board determines an alternative design,
11
alternative materials and/or the alternative methods proposed by the appellant are equivalent to those
prescribed by this code considering structural strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability,
safety and any other pertinent factors. The Board shall require that sufficient evidence be submitted
to substantiate any claims made regarding the proposed alternative design, alternative materials
and/or alternative methods of construction. A quorum of four (4) members shall be necessary for any
meeting of the Board.
112.3 Fees and Notification. Persons desiring to appeal to the Board any decision of the building
official as provided in this section shall, at the time of filing such appeal, pay to the City a filing fee
in the amount of fifty dollars ($50.). Written notice of hearings shall be given to the Appellant and,
with respect to requests for exceptions or variances authorized pursuant to Section R322 of this code
and Section 1101.1 of the UNIFORM BUILDING CODE as enacted by the City, to the secretary to
the Commission on Disability, at least three (3) days prior to the hearing by mailing the same to such
party's last known address by regular U.S. mail.
112.4 Limitations. The Building Review Board shall have no authority with respect to any of the
following functions:
1. The administration of this code except as expressly provided otherwise;
2. Waiving requirements of this code, except as provided for pursuant to this section;
3. Modifying the applicable provisions of, or granting variances to, this code, or approving the use
of alternative designs, alternative materials and/or alternative methods of construction except as
provided for in this section and based upon a specific appeal from a determination or decision of
the building official on an individual case basis; and
4. Modifying, interpreting, or ruling on the applicability or intent of the zoning and land use
regulations or other laws of the City except as expressly empowered otherwise.
(11) Section R113, AVIOLATIONS.@, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) Subsection R113.4, AViolation penalties.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR113.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to
comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or repair a building
or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the code official,
or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor subject to the penalties and fines pursuant to Section 1-15 of the CODE OF THE
CITY, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000.00 dollars, or by imprisonment not
exceeding 180 days, or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues
after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate offense.@
(b) A new subsection R113.5, AWork commencing before permit issuance.@, is hereby
added to read as follows:
AR113.5 Work commencing before permit issuance. In addition to penalties set forth in
R113.4, any person or firm who, before obtaining the necessary permit(s), commences any
12
construction of, or work on, a building, structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system
that is not otherwise exempted from obtaining a permit, shall be subject to a processing and
penalty fee in addition to the standard prescribed permit fee. Such additional fee shall be equal
to the permit fee, except that such fee shall not be less than fifty dollars ($50) nor more than one
thousand dollars ($1,000). A person or firm committing the same such violation repeatedly is
subject to processing and penalty fees equal to double the amount of the permit fee or double the
amount of the preceding violation, whichever is greater, for every same such subsequent
violation committed thereafter within any 180-day period. The foregoing fees may be appealed
to the City manager pursuant to Chapter 2, Article VI of the Code of the City.@
CHAPTER 2 B DEFINITIONS
(12) Section R202, ADEFINITIONS@, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) The term, ABasement@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
BASEMENT. That portion of a building located partly or completely below grade, wherein
the underside of the floor system immediately above is 72 inches (1829 mm) or more above
the surface of an approved permanent basement floor system.
(b) The term ABUILDING OFFICIAL@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ABUILDING OFFICIAL. The person designated by the City Manager and such person=s
authorized representative(s) charged with the administration and enforcement of this code.@
(c) The term, ACity@ is hereby added in alphabetical sequence, to read as follows:
ACity. Is defined as set forth in the CODE OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS.
(d) The term, ACrawlspace@ is hereby added to read as follows:
ACRAWLSPACE. That portion of a building that is conditioned or non-conditioned space
located partly or completely below grade (excluding the under-floor space beneath below-
grade structural floor systems), wherein the underside of the adjacent finished floor above is
less than 72 inches (1829 mm) above the bottom surface of such crawlspace.@
(e) The term, ADwelling@ is hereby amended to read as follows:
ADwelling. Is defined as set forth in the Land Use Code.@
(f) The term, ADwelling Unit@ is hereby amended to read as follows:
ADwelling Unit. Is defined as set forth in the Land Use Code.@
13
(g) The term, AFAMILY@ is hereby added in alphabetical sequence, to read as follows:
AFAMILY. Is defined as set forth in the Land Use Code.@
(h) The term, AFLOOR AREA@ is hereby added in alphabetical sequence, to read as
follows:
AFLOOR AREA. The area included within the surrounding exterior walls of a building or
portion thereof, exclusive of vent shafts and courts. The floor area of a building, or portion
thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the
horizontal projection of the roof or floor above.@
(i) The term, AGrade@ is hereby amended to read as follows:
AGRADE (ADJACENT GROUND ELEVATION). The lowest point of elevation of the
finished surface of the ground, paving or sidewalk with the area between the building and the
property line or, when the property line is more than 5 feet (1.524 m) from the building,
between the building and a line 5 feet (1.524 m) from the building@.
(j) The term AHabitable Space@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AHABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building approved for living, sleeping, eating or
cooking, bathing and personal hygiene. Closets, halls, crawlspaces, storage, laundry rooms,
utility spaces and similar areas are not considered habitable spaces.@
(k) The term AROOM, SLEEPING (BEDROOM)@, is hereby added in alphabetical
sequence to read as follows:
AROOM, SLEEPING (BEDROOM). A habitable room within a dwelling unit designed
primarily for the purpose of sleeping. Built-in features such as closets and similar storage
facilities shall not be considered as relevant factors in determining whether or not a room is a
sleeping room.@
(l) The term ASite@, is hereby added in alphabetical sequence to read as follows:
ASITE. A parcel of land bounded by a property line or a designated portion of a public right-
of-way.@
(m) The term, ATOWNHOUSE@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ATOWNHOUSE: A single-family dwelling unit constructed in a group of two or more
attached individual units, each of which is separated from the other from the foundation to
the roof and is located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land (site)
bounded by property lines that is deeded exclusively for such single-family dwelling.@
14
(n) The term AUNUSUALLY TIGHT CONSTRUCTION@ is hereby amended to read as
follows:
AUNUSUALLY TIGHT CONSTRUCTION. Construction meeting the following
requirements:
1. Doors and openable windows meet the air-infiltration requirements Section N1111.7.2 of
the FORT COLLINS RESIDENTIAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE.
2. Caulking or sealant are applied to areas such as joints around window and door frames
between sole plates and floors, between wall-ceiling joints, between wall panels, at
penetrations for plumbing, electrical and gas lines, and at other openings.@
CHAPTER 3 B BUILDING PLANNING
(13) Section 301.1.3, AEngineered Design@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR301.1.3 Engineered design. When a building of otherwise conventional light-frame construction
contains structural elements not conforming to this code, these elements shall be designed in
accordance with accepted engineering practice. The extent of such design need only demonstrate
compliance of nonconventional elements with other applicable provisions and shall be compatible
with the performance of the conventional framed system. Engineered design, in accordance with the
general building code enacted by the City, is permitted for all buildings, structures, and portions
thereof included in the scope of this code.
(14) Table R301.2(1), AClimatic and Geographic Design criteria@, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
For SI: °C = [(°F)-32]/1.8.
a. Weathering may require a higher strength concrete or grade of masonry than necessary to satisfy
the structural requirements of this code. The weathering column is based on the weathering
index (i.e., Asevere@) for concrete as determined from the Weathering Probability Map [Figure
R301.2 (3)]. The grade of masonry units shall be determined from ASTM C 34, C 55, C 62, C
73, C 90, C 129, C 145, C 216 or C 652.
WIND
SPEED b
SUBJECT TO DAMAGE FROM
WINTER
DESIGN
TEMP
AIR
FREEZ-
ING
INDEXf
GROUND
SNOW
LOAD
SEISMIC
DESIGN
CATEGOR
Y
Weatheringa
Roof Icec
Damming
Frost line
depth
Termite
Decayd
MEAN
ANN-
UAL
TEMP.g
FLOODe
HAZARDS
30psf
(1436.4pa)
100mph
15
b. Wind exposure category shall be determined on a site-specific basis in accordance with Section
R301.2.1.4.
c. Based on the average daily temperature in January greater than 250 F (-40 C) or where the history
of local damage from the effects of ice damming is not substantial.
d. ANone to slight@ in accordance with Figure R301.2(7).
e. Date of the City=s entry into the National Flood Insurance Program (date of adoption of the first
code or ordinance for management of flood hazard areas), or the date(s) of the currently effective
FIRM and FBFM, or other flood hazard map adopted by the community.
f. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the 100-year return period air freezing
index (BF-days) from Figure R403.3(2) or from the 100-year (99%)value on the National
Climatic Data Center data table AAir Freezing Index- USA Method (Base 32 Fahrenheit)@ at
www.ncdc.noaa.gov/fpsf.html.
g. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the mean annual temperature from the
National Climatic Data Center data table AAir Freezing Index-USA Method (Base 32
Fahrenheit)@ at www.ncdc.noaa.gov/fpsf.html.
(15) A new Section R301.2.1.5, ABasic Wind Speed@, is hereby added, to read as follows:
AR301.2.1.5 Basic Wind Speed. The ASpecial Wind Region@ as indicated on Figure 301.2(4) of this
Code shall apply using a ABasic Wind Speed@ of 100 miles per hour (161 kph) based on the exposure
category as described in Section 301.2.1.4, or the equivalent pressure thereto.@
(16) Section R302.1 AExterior walls@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
R302.1 Exterior walls. Exterior walls with a fire separation distance less than 3 feet (0.914 m) shall
have not less than a one-hour fire-resistive rating with exposure from both sides. Projections shall
not extend to a point closer than 2 feet (0.610 m) from the line used to determine the fire separation
distance.
Exception: Detached garages accessory to a dwelling located within 2 feet (0.610 m) of a lot
line may have roof eave projections not exceeding 4 inches (102 mm).
Projections extending into the fire separation distance shall have not less than one-hour fire-resistive
construction on the underside. The above provisions shall not apply to walls which are perpendicular
to the line used to determine the fire separation distance.
Exceptions:
1. Tool and storage sheds, playhouses and similar structures exempted from permits by Section
R105.2 are not required to provide wall protection based on location on the lot. Projections
beyond the exterior wall shall not extend over the lot line.
16
2. Separated buildings on the same property (site) may be considered as portions of one
building provided that buildings or portions thereof which are classified as garages or
carports, or buildings housing accessory uses that are not exempted from permits by the
preceding exception, and which are located by a fire-separation distance of less than 36
inches (914 mm) from a dwelling, are separated from such dwelling as prescribed by Section
R309.
(17) Section R303.1, AHabitable Rooms@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR303.1 Habitable rooms. All habitable rooms shall be provided with aggregate glazing area of not
less than 8 percent of the floor area of such rooms. Natural ventilation shall be through windows,
doors, louvers or other approved openings to the outdoor air. Such openings shall be provided with
ready access or shall otherwise be readily controllable by the building occupants. The minimum
openable area to the outdoors shall be 4 percent of the floor area being ventilated.
Exceptions:
1. The glazed areas need not be openable where the opening is not required by Section R310
and an approved mechanical ventilation system is provided capable of producing 0.35 air
change per hour in the room or a whole-house mechanical ventilation system is installed
capable of supplying outdoor ventilation air of 15 cubic feet per minute (cfm) (7.08 L/s) per
occupant computed on the basis of two occupants for the first bedroom and one occupant for
each additional bedroom.
2. The glazed areas need not be provided in rooms where Exception 1 above is satisfied and
artificial light is provided capable of producing an average illumination of 6 foot candles
(6.46 lux) over the area of the room at a height of 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor level.
3. Sunroom additions, solariums, and open patio covers in which more than 40 percent of the
exterior sunroom walls are open, or are enclosed only by insect screening, and the ceiling
height of the sunroom is not less than 7 feet (2.134 m), shall be permitted to be used for
natural ventilation.@
(18) Section R303.2, AAdjoining Rooms@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR303.2 Adjoining rooms. For the purpose of determining light and ventilation requirements,
any room shall be considered as a portion of an adjoining room when at least one-half of the area
of the common wall is open and unobstructed and provides an opening of not less than one-tenth
of the floor area of the interior room but not less than 25 square feet (2.32 m2).
Exceptions:
1. Light and ventilation for an interior room may be supplied from an adjoining exterior room,
provided the following conditions are met:
17
a) The common wall is provided with permanent openings that permit the passage of light
and free movement of air. Such openings when fully open shall provide an aggregate
unobstructed area of not less than one-twentieth (1/20) of the floor area of the interior
room.
b) The adjoining exterior room has exterior openings for light and ventilation as required in
this section, plus additional such openings not less in area than the amount required for
the interior room.
1. Openings required for light and/or ventilation shall be permitted to open into a thermally
isolated sunroom addition or patio cover, provided that there is an openable area between the
adjoining room and the sunroom addition or patio cover of not less than one-tenth of the
floor area of the interior room but not less than 20 square feet (1.86 m2). The minimum
openable area to the outdoors shall be based upon the total floor area being ventilated.@
(19) A new section, AR303.5.2 Sunrooms, solariums, open patio covers.@, is hereby added, to read
as follows:
AR303.5.2 Sunrooms, solariums, open patio covers. Required glazed openings shall be
permitted to open into a sunroom addition, as defined in Section R202, a solarium, or an open
patio cover that abut a street, yard or court, provided more than 40 percent of the exterior
sunroom, solarium, or covered patio walls are open, or are enclosed only by insect screening,
and the ceiling height of the sunroom is not less than 7 feet (2.134 m).@
(20) Section R303.8, ARequired Heating@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR303.8 Required heating. Every dwelling unit shall be provided with permanently installed
heating facilities capable of maintaining a minimum room temperature of 681F (201C) at a point 3
feet (0.914 m) above the floor and 2 feet (0.610 m)from exterior walls in all habitable rooms at the
design temperature. The installation of one or more portable space heaters shall not be used to
achieve compliance with this section.@
(21) Section R304, AMINIMUM ROOM AREAS@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R304 B MINIMUM ROOM AREAS
R304.1 Minimum area. Every dwelling unit shall have at least one habitable room that shall have
not less than 120 square feet (11.2 m 2) of gross floor area.
R304.2 Other rooms. Other habitable rooms shall have a floor area of not less than 70 square feet
(6.5 m 2).
Exception: Toilet rooms, bathrooms, and kitchens.
R304.3 Minimum dimensions. Habitable rooms shall not be less than 7 feet (2.134 m) in any
horizontal dimension.
18
Exception: Kitchens, toilet rooms and bathrooms.
R304.4 Height effect on room area. Portions of a room with a sloping ceiling measuring less than 5
feet (1.524 m) or a furred ceiling measuring less than 7 feet (2.134 m) from the finished floor to the
finished ceiling shall not be considered as contributing to the minimum required habitable area for
that room.@
(22) The first paragraph of Section R305.1 AMinimum ceiling height.@, is hereby amended to read
as follows:
AR305.1 Minimum height. Habitable rooms, hallways, corridors, bathrooms, toilet rooms, laundry
rooms and basements shall have a ceiling height of not less than 90 inches (2,286 mm). The required
height shall be measured from the finish floor to the lowest projection from the ceiling.@
(23) Section R309.2 ASeparation Required@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR309.2 Separation required. The garage shall be separated from the residence and its attic space
above by not less than 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board or 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) fire-retardant-
treated wood applied to the garage side. Garages beneath habitable rooms shall be separated from all
habitable rooms above by not less than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board or equivalent.
Where the separation is a floor-ceiling assembly, the structure supporting the separation shall also be
protected by not less than 2 Binch (12.7 mm) gypsum board, 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) fire-retardant-
treated wood or equivalent.
Garages located adjacent to a dwelling unit on the same property shall be protected with materials as
prescribed in Section R309.2 applied to the interior side of exterior walls where such garage walls
are less than 3 feet (0.914 m) from the adjacent dwelling unit. Openings in such walls shall be
regulated by R309.1. This provision does not apply to garage walls that are perpendicular to an
adjacent dwelling unit wall.@
(24) Section R310 AEMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENINGS@, is hereby amended to
read as follows:
ASECTION R310 B EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENINGS
R310.1 Emergency escape and rescue required. Basements and every sleeping room shall have at
least one operable exterior window or door approved for emergency escape and rescue. Where
basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, emergency egress and rescue openings shall be
required in each sleeping room, but shall not be required in adjoining areas of the basement. Where
emergency escape and rescue openings are provided they shall have a sill height of not more than 44
inches (1118 mm) above the floor. Where a door opening having a threshold below the adjacent
ground elevation serves as an emergency escape and rescue opening and is provided with a bulkhead
enclosure, the bulkhead enclosure shall comply with Section 310.3. The net clear opening
19
dimensions required by this section shall be obtained by the normal operation of the emergency
escape and rescue opening from the inside. Emergency escape and rescue openings with a finished
sill height below the adjacent ground elevation shall be provided with a window well in accordance
with Section R310.2.
Exception: Basements used only to house mechanical equipment and not exceeding total floor
area of 200 square feet (18.60 m2).
R310.1.1 Minimum opening area. All emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a
minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet (0.530 m2).
Exception: Grade floor openings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5 square feet
(0.465 m2).
R310.1.2 Minimum opening height. The minimum net clear opening height shall be 24 inches
(610 mm).
R310.1.3 Minimum opening width. The minimum net clear opening width shall be 20 inches
(508 mm).
R310.1.4 Operational constraints. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall be operational
from the inside of the room without the use of keys or tools.
R310.2 Window wells. The minimum horizontal area of the window well shall be 9 square feet
(0.84 m2), with a minimum horizontal unobstructed projection and width of 36 inches (914 mm).
The area of the window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue door or window opening
to be fully opened.
Exceptions:
1. The ladder or steps required by Section R310.2.1 shall be permitted to encroach a maximum
of 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of the window well.
2. With the window in the full open position, the bottom window well step may encroach a
maximum of 12 inches (304 mm) into the minimum horizontal projection, provided the well
meets the following criteria:
2.1 The bottom of the well is not less than 36 inches wide (914 mm), centered horizontally
on the openable portion of the emergency escape and rescue door or window, and
2.2 An unobstructed clear horizontal projection of 36 inches (914 mm) is maintained at the
centerline of the openable portion of the emergency escape and rescue door or window.
R310.2.1 Ladder and steps. Window wells with a vertical depth greater than 44 inches (1118
mm) shall be equipped with a permanently affixed ladder or steps usable with the window in the
fully open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply
with Sections R311.5 and R311.6. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12
20
inches (305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced
vertically not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on-center for the full height of the window well.
R310.3 Bulkhead enclosures. Bulkhead enclosures shall provide direct access to the basement. The
bulkhead enclosure with the door panels in the fully open position shall provide the minimum net
clear opening required by Section R310.1.1. Bulkhead enclosures shall also comply with Section
R314.9.
R310.4 Bars, grills, covers and screens. Bars, grills, covers, screens or similar devices are
permitted to be placed over emergency escape and rescue openings, bulkhead enclosures, or window
wells that serve such openings, provided the minimum net clear opening size complies with Sections
R310.1.1 to R310.1.3, and such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the
use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and
rescue opening.@
(25) Section R311.2, AConstruction.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR311.2 Stair Construction.
R311.2.1 Attachment. All exterior exit balconies, stairs and similar exit facilities shall be
positively anchored to the primary structure to resist both vertical and lateral forces. Such
attachment shall not be accomplished by use of toenails or nails subject to withdrawal.
R311.2.2 Under stair protection. Enclosed accessible space under stairs shall have walls,
under stair surface and any soffits protected on the enclosed side with 2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum
board.@
(26) Section R311.4, ADoors@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR311.4 Doors.
R311.4.1 Exit door required. Not less than one exit door conforming to this section shall be
provided for each dwelling unit. The required exit door shall provide for direct access from the
habitable portions of the dwelling to the exterior without requiring travel through a garage.
Access to habitable levels not having an exit in accordance with this section shall be by a ramp
in accordance with Section R311.6 or a stairway in accordance with Section R3311.5.
R311.4.2 Door type and size. The required exit door shall be a side-hinged door not less than 3
feet (0.914 m) in width and 6 feet 8 inches (2.032 m) in height. Other doors shall not be required
to comply with these minimum-dimensions.
R311.4.3 Landings at doors. There shall be a floor or landing on each side of each exterior
door.
21
Exception. Where a stairway of not more than two risers is located on the exterior side of a
door, other than the required exit door, a landing is not required for the exterior side of the
door.
The floor or landing at the exit door required by Section R311.4.1 shall not be more than 1.5
inches (38 mm) lower than the top of the threshold. The floor or landing at exterior doors other
than the exit door required by Section R311.4.1 shall not be required to comply with this
requirement but shall have a rise no greater than that permitted in Section R311.5.3
Exception: In other than accessory buildings, the floor or landing at an exterior doorway
shall not be more than 7 : inches (197 mm) below the top of the threshold, provided the
door, other than an exterior storm or screen door does not swing over the landing.
The width of each landing shall not be less than the door served. Every landing shall have a
minimum dimension of 36 inches (914 mm) measured in the direction of travel.
R311.4.4 Type of lock or latch. All egress doors shall be readily openable from the side from
which egress is to be made without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.@
(27) Section R311.5.3 ARiser height@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR311.5.3.1 Riser height. The riser height shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor greater
than 7 : inches (197 mm). The riser shall be measured vertically between leading edges of the
adjacent treads. The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest
by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).@
(28) Section R311.5.8.1 ASpiral stairways@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR311.5.8.1 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways are permitted, provided the minimum width shall
be 26 inches (660 mm) with each tread having a 7 1/2-inches (191 mm) minimum tread depth at
12 inches (305 mm) from the narrower edge. All treads shall be identical, and the rise shall be no
more than 9 1/2 inches (241 mm). A minimum headroom of 6 feet 6 inches (1.981 m) shall be
provided. Such stairways may be used as a required means of the exit component where the area
served is limited to 400 square feet (37.16 m2).@
(29) Section R311.6.3.1, AHandrail height@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR311.6.3.1 Handrail height. Handrail height, measured vertically above the finished surface of
the ramp slope, shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm).@
(30) Section R312 AGUARDS@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R312 B GUARDS
22
R312.1 Guards required. Porches, balconies or raised floor surfaces located more than 30 inches
(762 mm) above the floor or grade below shall have guards not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in
height. Open sides of stairs with a total rise of more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or
grade below shall have guards not less than 34 inches (864 mm) in height measured vertically from
the nosing of the treads. Porches and decks which are enclosed with insect screening shall be
provided with guards where the walking surface is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the
floor or grade below.
R312.1.1 Area well retaining walls. Where any area well wall, bulkhead enclosure wall or
similar retaining wall or barrier is located less than 36 inches (914 mm) from the nearest
intended walking surface, parking surface, or driveway and the surface elevation difference
between the higher and lower side of the well wall, bulkhead enclosure wall, or retaining wall is
greater than 36 inches, such wall shall be protected with guards conforming to this section or be
provided with an equivalent barrier.
Exceptions:
1. The access side of stairways need not be barricaded.
2. Area wells provided for emergency escape and rescue windows may be protected with
approved grates or covers that comply with Section R310.4.
3. Covers and grates may be used over stairways and other openings used exclusively for
service access or for admitting light or ventilation.
4. Area well walls, bulkhead enclosure walls, or retaining walls adjacent to a building that are
located 24 inches (610 mm) or less measured perpendicular from the building.
5. Locations where the slope of the embankment or the side of the enclosure or the opening
adjacent to such walls does not exceed 2 horizontal to 1 vertical.
R312.2 Guard opening limitations. Required guards on open sides of stairways, raised floor areas,
balconies, porches, area wells and other bulkhead enclosures protected as specified hereunder shall
have intermediate rails or ornamental closures that do not allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102
mm) or more in diameter.
Exceptions:
1. The triangular openings formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail of a guard at the open side
of a stairway are permitted to be of such a size that a sphere 6 inches (152 mm) cannot pass
through.
2. Openings for required guards on the sides of stair treads shall not allow a sphere 4-3/8 inches
(111 mm) to pass through.@
(31) Section R313, ASmoke Alarms.@ is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R313 B SMOKE ALARMS
R313.1 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be installed in the following locations:
23
1. In each sleeping room.
2. Outside each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms.
3. On each additional story of the dwelling, including basements but not including crawl spaces and
uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling units with split levels and without an intervening
door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the
adjacent lower level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper
level.
4. In dwelling units where the ceiling height of a room open to the hallway serving the bedrooms
exceeds that of the hallway by 24 inches 610 mm) or more, smoke alarms shall be installed in
the hallway and in the adjacent room.
When more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit
the alarm devices shall be interconnected in such a manner that the actuation of one alarm will
activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms
over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.
All smoke alarms shall be listed and installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and
the household fire warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72.
R313.1.1 Alterations, repairs and additions. When interior alterations, repairs or additions
requiring a permit occur, or when one or more sleeping rooms are added or created in existing
dwellings, the individual dwelling unit shall be provided with smoke alarms located as required
for new dwellings. All such smoke alarms shall be interconnected and permanently wired into
the building electric system.
Exceptions:
1. Smoke alarms in existing areas shall not be required to be interconnected and permanently
wired where the alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling
finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space, or basement available
which could provide access for permanent wiring and interconnection without the removal of
interior finishes.
2. Repairs to the exterior surfaces of dwellings are exempt from the requirements of this
section.
R313.2 Power source. In new construction, the required smoke alarms shall receive their primary
power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source, and when
primary power is interrupted, shall receive power from a battery. Wiring shall be permanent and
without a disconnecting switch other than those required for overcurrent protection. Smoke alarms
shall be permitted to be battery operated when installed in buildings without commercial power or in
buildings that undergo alterations, repairs or additions regulated by Section R313.1.1.@
(32) Section R317.1, ATwo-family dwellings.@, through Section R317.2, ATownhouses@,
inclusively, is hereby amended to read as follows:
24
AR317.1 Two-family dwellings. Dwelling units in two-family dwellings shall be separated from
each other by wall and/or floor assemblies having not less than 1-hour fire-resistance rating when
tested in accordance with ASTM E 119. Fire-resistance-rated floor-ceiling and wall assemblies shall
extend to and be tight against the exterior wall, and wall assemblies shall extend to the underside of
the roof sheathing.
Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with NFPA 13R.
R317.1.1 Supporting construction. When floor assemblies are required to be fire-resistance-
rated by Section R321.1, the supporting construction of such assemblies shall have an equal or
greater fire-resistive rating.
R317.2 Townhouses. Each townhouse shall be considered a separate building and shall be separated
by fire-resistance-rated wall assemblies meeting the requirements of Section R302 for exterior walls.
R317.2.1 Continuity. The adjoining walls along property lines in adjacent townhouses shall be
continuous from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab and shall
extend the full length of the common wall including walls extending through and separating
attached accessory structures.
R317.2.2 Parapets. Parapets constructed in accordance with Section R317.2.3 shall be provided
for townhouses as an extension of adjoining walls along property lines in adjacent townhouses in
accordance with the following:
Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at the same elevation, the parapet shall extend
not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above the roof surfaces.
Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at different elevations and the higher roof is not
more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof, the parapet shall extend not less than 30 inches
(762 mm) above the lower roof surface.
The following alternative construction methods are permitted in lieu of a parapet provided
openings in the roof are not located within 48 inches (1219 mm) of the 1-hour fire-resistance-
rated, adjoining walls along property lines in adjacent townhouses.
1. A parapet is not required when the roof decking or sheathing is of noncombustible
materials or approved fire-retardant-treated wood for a distance of 48 inches (1219 mm)
on each side of the wall or walls, or one layer of 5/8Binch (16 mm) Type X gypsum
board is installed directly beneath the roof decking or sheathing for a distance of 48
inches (1219 mm) on each side of the wall or walls.
2. A parapet is not required where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at different
elevations and the higher roof is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof.
25
The common wall construction from the lower roof to the underside of the higher roof
deck shall not have less than a 1-hour fire-resistive rating. The wall shall be rated for
exposure from both sides.
3. A parapet is not required when the roof is constructed entirely of noncombustible
materials.
4. A parapet is not required when the dwelling unit has an area of not more than 1,000
square feet (93 m2) on any floor.
5. A parapet is not required where the roof-ceiling framing elements and supporting
framing are constructed as follows:
a) Where the roof-ceiling framing is parallel to the adjoining walls along property lines
in adjacent townhouses, the roofBceiling framing and supporting framing are
constructed as prescribed for a one-hour fire-resistance rating for a minimum distance
of 48 inches (1219 mm) from either side of the adjoining walls and approved
continuous draftstopping is installed vertically from the ceiling to the roof sheathing
for a minimum distance of 48 inches (1219 mm) from both sides of the adjoining
walls.
b) Where the roof-ceiling framing is not parallel to the adjoining walls along property
lines in adjacent townhouses, the entire span of such roofBceiling framing and
supporting framing are constructed as prescribed for a one-hour fire-resistance rating.
R317.2.3 Parapet construction. Parapets shall have the same fire-resistance rating as that
required for the supporting wall or walls. On any side adjacent to a roof surface, the parapet shall
have noncombustible faces for the uppermost 18 inches (457 mm), to include counter flashing
and coping materials. Where the roof slopes toward a parapet at slopes greater than two units
vertical in 12 units horizontal (16.7-percent slope), the parapet shall extend to the same height as
any portion of the roof within a distance of 3 feet (0.914 m), but in no case shall the height be
less than 30 inches (762 mm).
R317.2.4 Structural independence. Each individual townhouse shall be structurally
independent.
Exceptions:
Foundations supporting exterior walls or common walls.
Structural roof and wall sheathing from each unit may fasten to the common wall
framing.
Nonstructural wall coverings.
Flashing at termination of roof covering over common wall.@
(33) Section R318, AMOISTURE VAPOR RETARDERS@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
26
ASECTION R318 B PROTECTION FROM MOISTURE
R318.1 Moisture control. The design of any building regulated by this code shall not create
conditions hazardous to occupants or of accelerated deterioration due to the presence of excessive
water vapor and condensation. Moisture control shall be provided in accordance with the applicable
provisions of this code and as determined necessary by the building official where special conditions
or construction methods are encountered, such as steam rooms and rooms containing spas or pools,
or below grade sub-floor spaces, or other interior locations subject to excessive moisture.
R318.2 Moisture during construction. Under-floor spaces and building construction materials
shall be protected from moisture during construction as follows:
Under-floor spaces shall be protected from moisture during construction and no water, snow, ice
or other evidence of moisture in substantial amounts shall be present in any under-floor space
upon approval for occupancy of the building.
Construction materials shall be protected from damaging moisture in accordance with the
manufacturer=s specifications.@
(34) Section R320.1, ASubterranean termite control.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR320.1 Subterranean termite control. In locations subject to termite damage as established by
Table R301.2(1), methods of protection shall be by chemical soil treatment, pressure- preservatively
treated wood in accordance with the AWPA standards listed in Section R319.1, naturally termite-
resistant wood or physical barriers (such as metal or plastic termite shields), or any combination of
these methods.
(35) Section R322.1, AScope@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR322.1 Scope. Where four or more dwelling units are constructed as a single structure and where
dwelling units that are separated from adjacent dwelling units by a physical space of less than three
feet (0.914 m) are constructed as part of a planned development containing a total of seven or more
dwelling units, regardless of whether such units are separated by fire-resistance-rated assemblies, the
applicable provisions of the general building code enacted by the City, Colorado Revised Statutes,
and Federal regulations shall apply with respect to the construction of accessible dwelling units.@
(36) Section R323,AFLOOD RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION@, is revised in its entirety to read as
follows:
ASECTION R323 B FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
R323.1General. Buildings and structures constructed in flood hazard areas shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the provisions of the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter 10, Flood
Prevention and Protection.
CHAPTER 4 B FOUNDATIONS
27
(37) Section R401.1, AApplication.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR401.1 General. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design and construction of the
foundation and foundation spaces for all buildings. All foundations shall be designed by a qualified
professional licensed in the State of Colorado. Such designs shall be performed in accordance with
accepted and approved engineering practices including considerations for soil load-bearing
capacities, surface and subsurface water conditions, adequate foundation and floor drainage,
adequate ventilation of enclosed interior foundation spaces, and foundation waterproofing and
dampproofing.
Exception: Foundations for accessory buildings and minor additions unlikely to be located on
expansive, compressible, or shifting soils, soils of unknown characteristics, or for other valid
reasons as determined by the building official, need not be designed by a licensed professional.
Wood foundations shall be designed and installed in accordance with AF&PA Report No. 7.
Exceptions:
1. The provisions of this chapter shall be permitted to be used for wood foundations only in the
following situations:
1.1. In buildings that have no more than two floors and a roof.
1.2. When interior basement and foundation walls are provided at intervals not exceeding 50
feet (15.24 m).
2. In addition to the provisions of this chapter, the design and construction of foundations in
Aareas prone to flooding@ as established by Table R301.2(1) shall meet the provisions of Section
R327.@
(38) A new Section, AR401.6 APlacement of backfill.@, is hereby added to read as follows:
AR401.6 Backfill and placement. The excavation outside the foundation, including utility trenches
and excavation ramp, shall be backfilled with soil that is substantially free of organic material,
construction debris and cobbles, boulders, and solid soil masses larger than 6 inches (152 mm)
diameter; or of frozen soil. The backfill shall be placed in lifts and compacted as set forth in the
engineering documents. The backfill shall be placed in a manner that does not damage the
foundation or the waterproofing or dampproofing material. Excavation ramps shall be backfilled in
such a manner that the ramp does not become a conduit for surface water to flow toward the
foundation. Where excavations include more than one house, a specially engineered drainage
system may be required by the building official.@
(39) Section R403.1.4, AMinimum depth.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR403.1.4 Minimum depth. All exterior footings shall be placed a minimum depth of 30 inches
(762 mm) below the undisturbed ground or shall be placed a minimum depth of 12 inches (305 mm)
below the undisturbed ground and be protected from frost by one or more of the following methods:
1. Constructed in accordance with Section R403.3 for frost-protected shallow foundations;
28
2. Constructed in accordance with ASCE 32-01; or
3. Erected on solid rock.
Exceptions:
1. Freestanding accessory structures with an area of 400 square feet (37 m2) or less and an eave
height of 10 feet (3.048 m) or less shall not be required to be protected.
2. Decks not supported by a dwelling need not be provided with footings that extend below the
frost line. Footings shall not bear on frozen soil unless such frozen condition is of a permanent
character.@
(40) Section R404.1.5.1, APier and curtain wall foundations.@, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
AR404.1.5.1 Pier and curtain wall foundations. Pier and curtain wall foundations shall be
permitted to be used to support light-frame construction not more than two stories in height,
provided the following requirements are met:
1. All load-bearing walls shall be placed on continuous concrete footings placed integrally
with the exterior wall footings.
2. The minimum actual thickness of a load-bearing masonry wall shall be not less than 4 inches
(102 mm) nominal or 3 3/8 inches (86 mm) actual thickness, and shall be bonded integrally
with piers spaced in accordance with R606.8.
3. Piers shall be constructed in accordance with Section R606.5 and Section R606.5.1, and shall
be bonded into the load-bearing masonry wall in accordance with Section R608.1.1 or
Section R608.1.1.2.
4. The maximum height of a 4-inch (102 mm) load-bearing masonry foundation wall
supporting wood framed walls and floors shall not be more than 4 feet (1.219 m) in height.
5. Anchorage shall be in accordance with Section R403.1.6 or as specified by engineered
design accepted by the building official.
6. The unbalanced fill for 4-inch (102 mm) foundation walls shall not exceed 24 inches (610
mm) for solid masonry or 12 inches (305 mm) for hollow masonry.@
(41) Section R405.1, AConcrete or masonry foundations.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR405.1 Concrete or masonry foundations. Drains consisting of piping conforming with ASTM
Designation D2729-89 shall be provided adjacent to the lowest concrete or masonry foundations that
retain earth and enclose spaces that are partially or entirely located below grade. Unless perimeter
drains are designed to daylight, they shall terminate in sump pits with an electrical power source
permanently installed within 36 inches (914 mm) of the sump opening. Piping for sump pumps shall
discharge at least 60 inches (1524 mm) away from foundations or as otherwise approved by the
building official. Drains shall be installed in bedding materials that are of such size and installed in
29
such manner to allow ground water to seep into the perimeter drain. Filter fabric or other measures
to restrict the passage of fines shall be used to further protect the perimeter drain from blockage.
Exception: A drainage system is not required when the foundation is installed on well-
drained ground or sand gravel mixture soils according to the Unified Soil Classification
System, Group I Soils, as detailed in Table R405.1.@
R405.1.1 Landscape irrigation. Landscape irrigation systems shall be installed such that the
ground surface within 60 inches (1524 mm) , measured perpendicular from the foundation, is
not irrigated.@
(42) Section R406.1, AConcrete and masonry foundation dampproofing.@, is hereby amended to
read as follows:
AR406.1 Concrete and masonry foundation dampproofing. Except where required to be
waterproofed by Section R406.2, foundation walls that retain earth and enclose habitable or
otherwise open spaces that are partially or entirely located below grade shall be dampproofed from
the top of the footing to the finished grade. Masonry walls shall have not less than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm)
portland cement parging applied to the exterior of the wall. The parging shall be dampproofed with a
bituminous coating, 3 pounds per square yard (1.63 kg/ m2) of acrylic modified cement, 1/8-inch
(3.2 mm) coat of surface-bonding mortar complying with ASTM C 887 or any material permitted for
waterproofing in SectionR406.2. Concrete walls shall be dampproofed by applying any one of the
above listed dampproofing materials or any one of the waterproofing materials listed in
SectionR406.2 to the exterior of the wall.
Exception: Parging of unit masonry walls is not required where a material is approved for direct
application to the masonry.@
(43) Section R408, AUNDER-FLOOR SPACE.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R408 B UNDER-FLOOR SPACE
R408.1 General. The under-floor space between the bottom of the structural floor sheathing and the
earth under any portion of a building with living or conditioned space above shall be provided with
ventilation using the methods and materials as prescribed hereunder.
R408.2 Mechanical ventilation. Where such spaces are ventilated by a dedicated, continuously
operated electrically-powered ventilation system, the fans in such system shall be of the type
specified in Section AF103.11 for radon-resistant construction methods. Sufficient make-up air shall
be provided from the conditioned spaces in the building by outside-air inlets in the HVAC return-air
system, heat recovery ventilators or by approved methods considering the impact of negative
pressures created by exhaust fans, clothes dryers and similar appliances.
R408.3 Spaces under above-grade floors. Spaces directly under floors that are located entirely above
grade shall be ventilated by one of the methods as set forth hereunder. Exposed ground surface in
30
such spaces shall be covered with an approved vapor and soil-gas retarder material. All joints in the
retarder shall be overlapped by 6 inches (153 mm) and sealed or taped, with the retarder edges
extending a minimum of 6 inches (153 mm) up the foundation wall and attached and sealed thereto
in an approved manner.
R408.3.1. Non-conditioned under-floor spaces. Where thermally-isolated above-grade floor
systems are insulated and sealed to reduce heat loss and air infiltration from non-conditioned
spaces below, as prescribed by N1111.7.4, exterior ventilation openings may be used provided
that such under-floor spaces do not contain HVAC appliances and the ventilation can be
provided directly through openings in an exterior wall. The minimum total net free area of
exterior ventilation openings shall not be less than 1/1,500 of the floor area of the under-floor
space. Openings shall be placed so as to provide cross-ventilation of the space and shall be
covered for their height and width with any of the following materials provided that the least
dimension of the covering shall not exceed 1/4 inch (6.4 mm).
1. Perforated sheet metal plates not less than 0.070 inch (1.8 mm) thick.
2. Expanded sheet metal plates not less than 0.047 inch (1.2 mm) thick.
3. Cast iron grills or grating.
4. Extruded load-bearing brick vents.
5. Hardware cloth of 0.035 inch (0.89 mm) wire or heavier.
6. Corrosion-resistant wire mesh, with the least dimension being 1/8 inch (3.2 mm).
R408.3.2. Conditioned under-floor spaces. Where the perimeter walls enclosing conditioned
under-floor spaces are thermally insulated and sealed to reduce air infiltration as prescribed by
Table N1111.1, ventilation of the under-floor space shall be accomplished by approved methods
including a continuously operated mechanical ventilation at the rate of 1.0 cfm (1.02 L/s) for
each 50 square feet (4.65 m2) of under floor space floor area, or by conditioned air supplied from
the building HVAC system either indirectly through air-transfer openings or directly through
supply-air ducts.
R408.4 Spaces under below-grade floors. Spaces under floors which are located partially or
entirely below the adjacent exterior ground level and under-floor spaces located such that ventilation
cannot be provided directly through exterior wall openings shall comply with the following
conditions:
The ground surface of the under floor space shall be covered with a vapor retarder material. The
vapor retarder membrane shall be equivalent to minimum 10-mil (0.25 mm) non-reinforced or 6-mil
(0.15 mm) Across-linked@ or reinforced polyethylene membrane when tested in accordance with
ASTM E154-99. The sheet shall be continuously sealed in an approved manner to the foundation
walls, to the interior caissons or footing pads, plumbing lines and at all laps of multiple sheets. See
Figure 408.2.2(2).
Such spaces shall be provided with ventilation and space conditioning by a continuously operated
electrically-powered system that provides ventilation at a rate of 7.5 cfm (3.5 L/s) per person plus
31
0.01 cfm per square foot (0.11 L/s/m2 ) of total conditioned floor area in the home, computed on the
basis of two occupants for the first bedroom and one occupant for each additional bedroom.
The vent pipe served by the ventilation fan shall be constructed in accordance with Section
AF103.4.3 for radon-resistant construction methods except that the intake inlet for such vent riser
pipe shall be located above the gas-retarder membrane in accordance with R408.7.3 and be at least
60 inches (1525 mm) from the nearest transfer floor opening. The intake inlet shall be covered with
corrosion-resistant wire mesh having openings with the least dimension being 1/8 inch (3.2 mm).
Fuel-burning environmental or service-water heating equipment installed in the conditioned space
on the floor directly above such spaces shall be power-vented or direct-vent appliances.
Exception: Open-combustion, naturally-vented appliances may be installed in such locations
that are tested and verified to be compliance with M1501.2 and in accordance with the
protocols established by the building official.
A minimum of one transfer floor opening shall be provided above the ventilated space for every 250
square feet (23.25 m2) of under-floor space or portion thereof. The openings shall be sized by
dividing the fan ventilation rate by the total number of openings and determining the opening size
based on Table R408.2.2. See Figure R408.2.2(1) for transfer floor detail.
Exceptions:
1. Engineered systems that maintain the relative humidity so that all surfaces in such
under-floor spaces have a surface humidity level no greater than 70%.
2. Engineered non-cellulose and other approved inorganic floor systems designed to be
a sealed system shall not require ventilation when corrosion of the system
components has been considered and mitigated, assuming that the minimum required
structural integrity of such components is to be maintained for the life of the
building.@
32
Table R408.2.2
Exhaust Rate/Transfer
Opening (cfm)
Opening Size, net free area
0-10
1.5 to 2.4 sq. in. (1-3/8@ to 1-3/4@ dia. hole)
11-15
2.4 to 3.6 sq. in. (1-3/4@ to 2-1/8@ dia, hole)
16-20
3.6 to 4.4 sq. in. (2-1/8@ to 2-3/8@ dia. hole)
Figure R408.2.2 (1) Floor Transfer Detail
33
Figure 408.2.2(2)
34
(44) Section R408.3, AAccess.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR408.3 Access. Access shall be provided to all under-floor spaces. Access openings through the
floor shall be a minimum of 18 inches by 24 inches (457 mm by 610 mm). Openings through a
perimeter wall shall be 16 inches by 24 inches (407 mm by 610 mm). When any portion of the
through-wall access is below grade, an areaway of not less than 16 inches by 24 inches (407 mm by
610 mm) shall be provided. The bottom of the areaway shall be below the threshold of the access
opening. Through-wall access openings shall not be located under a door to the building. See
Section M1305.1.4 for access requirements where mechanical equipment is located under floors.
Exception: Engineered non-cellulose and other approved inorganic floor systems designed to be
a sealed system shall not require ventilation when corrosion of the system components has been
considered and adequately mitigated, assuming that the minimum required structural integrity of
such components is to be maintained for the life of the building.@
(45) A new section, AR 408.7 Under-floor clearances.@, is hereby added, to read as follows:
AR408.7 Under-floor clearances. In areas where expansive or collapsible soils are known to exist,
under floor clearances shall be provided in accordance with Sections R408.7.1 through R408.7.3
unless specified otherwise by the soils report.
R408.7.1 Steel Framed Floors. A minimum clearance equal to the height of the void form plus
four inches (102 mm) below the foundation shall be provided below steel beams and floor joists.
R408.7.2 Wood Framed Floors. A minimum clearance equal to the height of the void form
plus four inches (102 mm) below the foundation shall be provided in addition to the
requirements set forth in Section R323, item 1.
R408.7.3 Pipes, Conduits, and Ducts. A minimum clearance equal to the height of the void
form plus four inches (102 mm) shall be provided below pipes, conduits and ducts installed in
under-floor spaces, including those located below the foundation wall.
Exception: Where the building drain and water service pass under or through the foundation the
clearance shall be as set forth in the engineering documents.@
(46) Section R602.6, ADrilling and notching B studs.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR602.6 Drilling and notching B studs. Any stud in an exterior wall or bearing partition may be cut
or notched to a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. Studs in nonbearing partitions may be
notched to a depth not to exceed 40 percent of a single stud width. Any stud may be bored or drilled,
provided that the diameter of the resulting hole is no greater than 40 percent of the stud width, the
35
edge of the hole is no closer than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) to the edge of the stud, and the hole is not
located in the same section of the stud as a cut or notch. See Figures R602.6(1) and R602.6(2).
Exceptions:
A stud may be bored to a diameter not exceeding 60 percent of its width, provided that such
studs located in exterior walls or bearing partitions are doubled and that not more than two
successive doubled studs are bored.
Approved stud shoes may be used when installed in accordance with the manufacturer=s
recommendation.@
(47) A new section, AR702.4.4, Cement, fiber-cement, and glass mat gypsum backers.@, is hereby
added, reading as follows:
AR702.4.4 Cement, fiber-cement, and glass mat gypsum backers. Cement, fiber-cement, or glass
mat gypsum backers in compliance with ASTM C 1288, C 1325 or C1178 and installed in
accordance with manufacturer recommendations shall be permitted for use as backers for wall tile in
tub and shower areas and wall panels in shower areas.@
(48) Section R703.2, AWeather-resistant membrane.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR703.2 Weather-resistant membrane. One layer of No. 15 asphalt-saturated felt free from holes
and breaks, complying with ASTM D 226 for Type 1 felt, or other approved weather-resistant
material shall be applied over studs or sheathing of all exterior walls. Such felt or material shall be
applied horizontally, with the upper layer lapped over the lower layer not less than 2 inches (51
mm). Where joints occur, felt shall be lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm). All such materials
shall be continuous to the top of walls and terminated at penetrations and building appendages in
such a manner that meets the requirements of the exterior wall envelope as described in Section
R703.1.
Exception: Such felt or material is permitted to be omitted in the following situations:
1. In detached accessory buildings.
2. Under exterior wall finish materials as permitted in Table R703.4.
3. Under paperbacked stucco lath when the paper backing is an approved weather-resistant
membrane.@
CHAPTER 8 B ROOF-CEILING CONSTRUCTION
(49) Section R801.3, ARoof drainage.@ Is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR801.3 Roof drainage. All dwellings shall have a controlled method of water disposal from roofs
that will collect and discharge all roof drainage to the ground surface at least 5 feet (1.524 m) from
foundation walls or to an approved drainage system. Devices shall not be installed that restrain in
any way or that otherwise interfere with downspout extensions being fully extended. Landscape
36
edging shall not interfere with the discharge of the roof drainage system. Downspout extensions
shall terminate above ground or at an approved location.@
(50) Section R802.11, ARoof Tie-down.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR802.11 Roof tie-down. Roof assemblies shall be connected to supporting walls with rafter or truss
ties installed at bearing locations to provide a continuous load path for transmitting the uplift forces
from the rafter or truss ties to the foundation in accordance with Table R802.11. Alternatively,
wind uplift pressures on roof assemblies and roof tie-down requirements may be designed in
accordance with Section R301.1.2@
CHAPTER 9 B ROOF ASSEMBLIES
(51) Section R902.1, ARoofing covering materials.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR902.1 Roofing covering materials. Except as otherwise allowed, roofs shall be covered with
Class A assemblies and with materials as set forth in SectionsR904 and R905. Classes A, B and C
roofing required to be listed by this section shall be tested in accordance with UL 790 or ASTM E
108. Roof assemblies with coverings of brick, masonry, slate, clay or concrete roof tile, exposed
concrete roof deck, ferrous or copper shingles or sheets, and metal sheets and shingles, shall be
considered Class A roof coverings.
Exception:
Any Class B or Class C roof covering may be applied on any new construction that is added to
an existing building, provided the roof extremities of such existing building and new
construction are located a minimum distance of five (5) feet (1.524 m) from the nearest adjacent
property line and are a minimum distance of ten (10) feet (3.048 m) from another building.@
(52) Section R905.2.6, AAttachment@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR905.2.6 Attachment. Asphalt shingles shall have the minimum number of fasteners required by
the manufacturer. Where the roof slope exceeds 20 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (20:12) and
where roof assemblies are subject to wind uplift pressures of 20 pounds per square foot (0.958
kN/m2) or greater, as established in Table R301.2(2), adjusted for height and exposure per
TableR301.2(3), special methods of fastening are required. Special fastening methods shall be
tested in accordance with ASTM D 3161, Class F. Wrappers for such asphalt shingles shall bear a
label indicating compliance with classified using ASTM D 3161, Class F.@
(53) Section R907.1, AGeneral.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR907.1 General. Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing
roof covering shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 9. No portion of an existing nonrated
roof covering may be permanently replaced or covered with more than one square of nonrated roof
covering.
37
Exceptions:
1. Reroofing shall not be required to meet the minimum design slope requirement of one-fourth
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in Section R905 for roofs that provide
positive roof drainage.
2. Any existing roof covering system may be replaced with a roof covering of the same
materials and classification, provided the replacement roof covering has a minimum rating of
Class C.@
CHAPTER 10 B CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES
(54) Section R1001.6.1, ASpark arrestors.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AR1001.6.1 Spark arrestors. Chimneys attached to any appliance or fireplace that burns solid
fuel shall be equipped with an approved spark arrester meeting all of the following requirements:
1. The net free area of the arrestor shall not be less than four times the net free area of
the outlet of the chimney flue it serves.
2. The arrestor screen shall have heat and corrosion resistance equivalent to 19-gage
galvanized steel or 24-gage stainless steel.
3. Openings shall not permit the passage of spheres having a diameter greater than 1/2
inch (12.7 mm) nor block the passage of spheres having a diameter less than 3/8 inch
(9.5 mm).
The spark arrestor shall be accessible for cleaning and the screen or chimney cap shall be removable
to allow for cleaning of the chimney flue.@
(55) Section R1004, AFACTORY-BUILT FIREPLACES@, is hereby amended by adding new
subsection, AR1004.1.1 Solid fuel fireplaces and appliances.@, and deleting subsection, A1004.4,
AUnvented gas log heaters.@, resulting in the entire section amended to read as follows:
ASECTION R1004 B FACTORY-BUILT FIREPLACES
R1004.1 General. Factory-built fireplaces shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed in
accordance with the conditions of the listing. Factory-built fireplaces shall be tested in accordance
with UL 127.
R1004.1.1 Solid fuel fireplaces and appliances. Solid fuel fireplaces, fireplace stoves and
solid-fuel-type room heaters shall also comply with Section 5-110 of the Code of the City.
R1004.2 Hearth extensions. Hearth extensions of approved factory-built fireplaces shall be
installed in accordance with the listing of the fireplace. The hearth extension shall be readily
distinguishable from the surrounding floor area.
38
R1004.3 Decorative shrouds. Decorative shrouds shall not be installed at the termination of
chimneys for factory-built fireplaces except where such shrouds are listed and labeled for use with
the specific factory-built fireplace system and installed in accordance with the manufacturer=s
installation instructions.@
CHAPTER 11 B Energy Efficiency
(56) Part IV B Energy Conservation, @Chapter 11, Energy Efficiency@ is deleted in its entirety and
replaced with the following:
ACHAPTER 11 B ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SECTION N1101 B SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
N1101.1 Title. This Chapter shall be also known as AChapter 11, The 2004 Fort Collins Residential
Energy Conservation Code@.
N1101.2 Intent. This chapter regulates the design and construction of buildings including building
envelopes for adequate thermal resistance and low infiltration and the design and selection of
mechanical, electrical, service water-heating, systems and equipment which will enable the effective
use of energy in buildings regulated by this code. The provisions in this chapter are intended to
provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve effective
utilization of energy. This chapter is not intended to abridge safety, health or environmental
requirements under other applicable codes or ordinances.
N1101.3 Scope. This chapter establishes minimum prescriptive and performance-related regulations
for the design of energy-efficient buildings and structures or portions thereof regulated by this code
and their associated accessory uses. This chapter thereby addresses the design of energy-efficient
building envelopes and the selection and installation of energy-efficient mechanical, service water-
heating, electrical distribution and illumination systems and equipment for the effective use of
energy in such buildings and structures.
N1101.3.1 Exempt buildings. The following buildings, or portions thereof separated by
building envelope assemblies from the remainder of the building, shall be exempt from this
chapter.
1. Buildings that have a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/hAft2 (10.7
W/m2) or 1.0 watt/ft2 (10.7 W/m2) of floor area for space conditioning purposes.
2. Buildings that are neither mechanically heated nor mechanically cooled.
N1101.4 Applicability. This chapter shall apply to buildings as set forth in Section N1101. Where,
in a specific case, different provisions of this chapter specify different requirements, the most
restrictive requirements shall govern.
39
N1101.4.1 Existing installations. Except as otherwise provided for in this chapter, provisions of
this chapter shall not require the removal, alteration or abandonment of, nor prevent the
continued use and maintenance of, an existing building envelope, mechanical, service water-
heating, electrical distribution, or illumination system lawfully in existence at the time of the
adoption of this chapter.
Exception: Any portion of a non-insulated basement foundation wall enclosing conditioned
space shall be insulated as prescribed in Table N1111.1 of this chapter prior to the
foundation wall being authorized to contain living space or to being covered with permanent
framing, wallboard, and similar finish materials, regardless of whether such wall was not
originally insulated using the AAlternative Minimum Insulation R-values@ in Table N1111.1
or the ASimulated Performance Alternative@ pursuant to Section N1113 of this chapter.
N1101.4.2 Additions, alterations, renovations or repairs. Additions, alterations, renovations
or repairs to a building envelope, mechanical, service water-heating, electrical distribution, or
illumination system or portion thereof shall conform to the provisions of this chapter as they
relate to new construction without requiring the unaltered portion(s) of the existing system to
comply with this chapter. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause any one of the
aforementioned and existing systems to become unsafe, hazardous or overloaded. In no case
shall the energy efficiency of the building be decreased.
Exceptions: The following need not comply provided the energy use of the building is not
increased.
1. Storm windows installed over existing fenestration.
2. Glass only replacements in an existing sash and frame.
3. Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these
cavities are filled with insulation.
4. Construction where the existing roof, wall or floor cavity is not exposed.
N1101.4.3 Change in occupancy. A change in building occupancy that would result in the new
building occupancy being regulated by this chapter and an increase in demand for either fossil
fuel or electrical energy shall require that the building be made to comply with this chapter
unless otherwise approved by the building official.
Exception: The building official may in individual cases waive specific requirements when
any such requirement is determined to be highly impractical in existing buildings, including
buildings classified as historically significant by the state or local jurisdiction, listed in The
National Register of Historic Places or determined to be eligible for such listing, when such
waivers do not cause the energy efficiency of the building to be decreased.
N1101.4.4 Mixed occupancy. Where a building houses more than one occupancy classification
as identified in the building code, each portion of the building shall conform to the requirements
for the occupancy housed therein. Where an occupancy is less than 10 percent of the area of any
floor of a building, the major occupancy shall be considered the building occupancy. Buildings,
40
other than detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses and their accessory uses
shall not be regulated under this chapter.
SECTION N1102 B ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN OR INSULATING SYSTEMS
N1102.1 General. This chapter is not intended to prevent the use of any material, method of
construction, design or insulating system not specifically prescribed herein, provided that such
construction, design or insulating system has been approved by the building official as meeting the
intent of the code. Compliance with specific provisions of this chapter may be determined through
the use of computer software, worksheets, compliance manuals and other similar materials when the
building official has approved these materials as meeting the intent of this chapter.
SECTION N1103 B CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
N1103.1 General. Construction documents and other supporting data shall be submitted with each
application for a permit. Where special conditions exist, the building official is authorized to require
additional construction documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
Exception: The building official is authorized to waive the requirements for construction
documents or other supporting data if the building official determines such is not necessary to
confirm compliance with this chapter.
N1103.2 Information on construction documents. Construction documents shall be drawn to
scale upon suitable material and submitted in a format approved by the building official.
Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the
work proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinent data and features of the building, systems and
equipment as herein governed or as determined by the building official. Details shall include, but are
not limited to, insulation materials and their R-values; fenestration U-factors and SHGCs; the
number of systems and equipment efficiencies, types, sizes and controls; duct sealing, insulation and
location; and air sealing details.
SECTION N1104 B INSPECTIONS
N1104.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection
as deemed necessary by the building official to determine compliance with this chapter.
N1104.2 Required approvals. No work shall be done on any part of the building or structure
beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining the written approval
of the building official. No construction shall be concealed without inspection approval.
N1104.3 Final inspection. The building shall have a final inspection and approval when completed
and ready for occupancy.
41
N1104.4 Re-inspection. A building shall be re-inspected when determined necessary by the building
official.
SECTION N1105 B VALIDITY
N1105.1 General. If a portion of this chapter is held to be illegal or void, such a decision shall not
affect the validity of the remainder of this chapter.
SECTION N1106 B REFERENCED STANDARDS
N1106.1 General. The standards and provisions and portions thereof, referred to in this chapter and
contained in the 2003 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE7 (2003 IECC7), the
2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE7 (2003 IRC7), and the 2003 INTERNATIONAL
MECHANICAL CODE7 (2003 IMC7) published by the International Code Council, Inc. shall be
considered part of the requirements of this chapter to the extent of such reference.
N1106.2 Conflicting requirements. When a provision of this chapter and a provisions of a
referenced standard or provision from the 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE7 (2003
IRC) or the 2003 INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE7 (2003 IMC7) published by the
International Code Council, Inc. specify different materials, methods of construction or other
requirements, the provisions of this chapter shall apply.
SECTION N1107 B DEFINITIONS
N1107.1 Scope. Unless stated otherwise, the following words and terms in this chapter shall have
the meanings indicated in this chapter.
N1107.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense include the future; words in the
masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and the
plural includes the singular.
N1107.3 Terms defined in other codes. Terms that are not defined in this chapter but are defined in
the International Building Code, ICC Electrical Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel
Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, International Plumbing Code or the International
Residential Code shall have the meanings ascribed to them in those codes.
N1107.4 Terms not defined. Terms not defined by this chapter shall have ordinarily accepted
meanings such as the context implies.
N1107.5 Specific definitions. The following words and terms in this chapter shall have the
meanings indicated in this chapter:
ABOVE GRADE WALL. A wall more than 50% above grade and enclosing conditioned space.
This includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof and basement knee walls,
dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof, and skylight shafts.
42
ACCESSIBLE. Admitting close approach because not guarded by locked doors, elevation or other
effective means (see AReadily accessible@).
ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area or height of a building or structure.
AIR TRANSPORT FACTOR. The ratio of the rate of useful sensible heat removal from the
conditioned space to the energy input to the supply and return fan motor(s), expressed in consistent
units and under the designated operating conditions.
ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or
addition that requires a permit. Also, a change in a mechanical system that involves an extension,
addition or change to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original installation that requires a
permit.
ANNUAL FUEL UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY (AFUE). The ratio of annual output energy to
annual input energy which includes any non-heating season pilot input loss, and for gas or oil-fired
furnaces or boilers, does not include electrical energy.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the building official.
AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal
influence, as, for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical
configuration (see AManual@).
BASEMENT. That portion of a building located partly or completely below grade, wherein the
underside of the floor system immediately above is 72 inches (1829 mm) or more above the surface
of an approved permanent basement floor system.
BASEMENT WALL. A wall 50% or more of which is below grade and encloses conditioned
space.
BTU (British thermal unit). The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound
(0.454 kg) of water 1°F (0.56°C), (1 Btu = 1,055 J).
BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The elements of a building which enclose conditioned
spaces and through which thermal energy is capable of being transferred: to or from the exterior; or
to or from spaces exempted by the provisions of Section N1101.4.1
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP)CCOOLING. The ratio of the rate of heat removal
to the rate of energy input in consistent units, for a complete cooling system or factory-assembled
equipment, as tested under a nationally recognized standard or designated operating conditions.
43
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP)CHEAT PUMPCHEATING. The ratio of the rate
of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system
under designated operating conditions. Supplemental heat shall not be considered when checking
compliance with the heat pump equipment (COPs listed in the tables in Sections 503 and 803 of the
2003 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE7).
COMMERCIAL BUILDING. All buildings that are not included in the definition of Residential
Buildings.
CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. The horizontal projection of the floors associated with the
conditioned space.
CONDITIONED SPACE. An area or room within a building being heated or cooled, containing
non-insulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into an adjacent conditioned space.
CRAWLSPACE. That portion of a building that is conditioned or non-conditioned space located
partly or completely below grade (excluding the under-floor space beneath below-grade structural
floor systems), wherein the underside of the adjacent finished floor above is less than 72 inches
(1829 mm) above the bottom surface of such crawlspace.
CRAWLSPACE WALL. The opaque portion of a wall that encloses a crawl space and is partially
or totally below grade.
DEADBAND. The temperature range in which no heating or cooling is used.
DEGREE DAY, COOLING. A unit, based on temperature difference and time, used in estimating
cooling energy consumption and specifying nominal cooling load of a building in summer. For any
one day, when the mean temperature is more than 65°F (18°C), there are as many degree days as
there are degrees Fahrenheit (Celsius) difference in temperature between the mean temperature for
the day and 65°F (18°C). Annual cooling degree days (CDD) are the sum of the degree days over a
calendar year.
DEGREE DAY, HEATING. A unit, based on temperature difference and time, used in estimating
heating energy consumption and specifying nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any
one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65°F (18°C), there are as many degree days as there
are degrees Fahrenheit (Celsius) difference in temperature between the mean temperature for the day
and 65°F (18°C). Annual heating degree days (HDD) are the sum of the degree days over a calendar
year.
DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air passages of self-contained systems are
not to be construed as air ducts.
DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the transmission of air that, in addition to ducts,
includes duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory air-handling equipment and appliances.
44
DWELLING UNIT. A single housekeeping unit comprised of one or more rooms providing
complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for
living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
ECONOMIZER, AIR. A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that allows a
cooling system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during
mild or cold weather.
ECONOMIZER, WATER. A system where the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly
with water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment without the use of
mechanical cooling.
ENERGY. The capacity for doing work (taking a number of forms) which is capable of being
transformed from one into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical and
chemical in customary units, measured in joules (J), kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British thermal units
(Btu).
ENERGY ANALYSIS. A method for determining the annual (8,760 hours) energy use of the
proposed design and standard reference design based on estimates of energy use.
ENERGY COST. The total estimated annual cost for purchased energy for the building functions
regulated by this chapter, including any demand charges, fuel adjustment factors and delivery
charges applicable to the building.
ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL. An approved software program or calculation-based
methodology that projects the annual energy use of a building.
EXTERIOR WALL Any wall, including both above grade walls and foundation walls, enclosing
conditioned space that is vertical or sloped at an angle of sixty (60) degrees or greater from the
horizontal.
FENESTRATION. Skylights, roof windows, vertical windows (whether fixed or moveable),
opaque doors, glazed doors, glass block, and combination opaque/glazed doors. Fenestration
includes products with glass and non-glass glazing materials.
FURNACE, DUCT. A furnace normally installed in distribution ducts of air-conditioning systems
to supply warm air for heating and which depends on a blower not furnished as part of the duct
furnace for air circulation.
FURNACE, WARM AIR. A self-contained, indirect-fired or electrically heated furnace that
supplies heated air through ducts to spaces that require it.
GLAZING AREA. Total area of the glazed fenestration measured using the rough opening and
including sash, curbing or other framing elements that enclose conditioned space. Glazing area
45
includes the area of glazed fenestration assemblies in walls bounding conditioned basements. For
doors where the daylight opening area is less than 50 percent of the door area, the glazing area is the
daylight opening area. For all other doors, the glazing area is the rough opening area for the door
including the door and the frame.
GROSS AREA OF EXTERIOR WALLS. The normal projection of all exterior walls, including
the area of all windows and doors installed therein (see AExterior wall@).
GROSS FLOOR AREA. The sum of the areas of several floors of the building, including
basements, cellars, mezzanine and intermediate floored tiers and penthouses of headroom height,
measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating
buildings, but excluding:
1. Covered walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces.
2. Pipe trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs and similar
features.
HEAT. The form of energy that is transferred by virtue of a temperature difference or a change in
state of a material.
HEAT CAPACITY (HC). The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a given mass
by one degree. The heat capacity of a building element is the sum of the heat capacities of each of its
components.
HEAT PUMP. A refrigeration system that extracts heat from one substance and transfers it to
another portion of the same substance or to a second substance at a higher temperature for a
beneficial purpose.
HEAT TRAP. An arrangement of piping and fittings, such as elbows, or a commercially available
heat trap that prevents thermosyphoning of hot water during standby periods.
HEATED SLAB. Slab-on-grade construction in which the heating elements, hydronic piping or hot
air distribution system is in contact with or placed within the slab or the subgrade.
HEATED SPACE. Space within a building which is provided with a positive heat supply (see
APositive heat supply@). Space within a basement with registers or heating devices designed to
supply heat to a basement space shall automatically define that space as heated space and
conditioned floor area.
HEATING SEASONAL PERFORMANCE FACTOR (HSPF). The total heating output of a
heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating, in Btu, divided by the total electric
energy input during the same period, in watt hours, as determined by DOE 10 CFR Part 430,
Subpart B, Test Procedures and based on Region 4.
46
HUMIDISTAT. A regulatory device, actuated by changes in humidity, used for automatic control
of relative humidity.
HVAC. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning.
HVAC SYSTEM. The equipment, distribution network, and terminals that provide either
collectively or individually the processes of heating, ventilating, or air conditioning to a building.
HVAC SYSTEM COMPONENTS. HVAC system components provide, in one or more factory-
assembled packages, means for chilling or heating water, or both, with controlled temperature for
delivery to terminal units serving the conditioned spaces of the building. Types of HVAC system
components include, but are not limited to, water chiller packages, reciprocating condensing units
and water source (hydronic) heat pumps (see AHVAC system equipment@).
HVAC SYSTEM EQUIPMENT. HVAC system equipment provides, in one (single package) or
more (split system) factory-assembled packages, means for air circulation, air cleaning, air cooling
with controlled temperature and dehumidification and, optionally, either alone or in combination
with a heating plant, the functions of heating and humidifying. The cooling function is either
electrically or heat operated and the refrigerant condenser is air, water or evaporative cooled. Where
the equipment is provided in more than one package, the separate packages shall be designed by the
manufacturer to be used together. The equipment shall be permitted to provide the heating function
as a heat pump or by the use of electric or fossil-fuel-fired elements. (The word Aequipment@ used
without a modifying adjective, in accordance with common industry usage, applies either to HVAC
system equipment or HVAC system components.)
INFILTRATION. The uncontrolled inward air leakage into a building caused by the pressure
effects of wind and pressure imbalances induced by mechanical systems; or the effect of differences
in the indoor and outdoor air density or any combination of such effects.
INSULATED SHEATHING. An insulating board with a core material having a minimum R-value
of R-2.
LABELED. Devices, equipment, appliances, assemblies or materials to which have been affixed a
label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection
agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of
the production of the above-labeled items and by whose label the manufacturer attests to compliance
with applicable nationally recognized standards.
LISTED. Equipment, appliances, assemblies or materials included in a list published by a nationally
recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product
evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment, appliances,
assemblies or material, and whose listing states either that the equipment, appliances, assemblies, or
material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a
specified manner.
47
LIVING SPACE. Space within a dwelling unit utilized for living, sleeping, eating, cooking,
bathing, washing and sanitation purposes.
LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING. Lighting equipment powered through a transformer such as a cable
conductor, a rail conductor and track lighting.
MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal intervention (see AAutomatic@).
OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building, or portion thereof, is utilized or occupied.
OPAQUE AREAS. All exposed areas of a building envelope which enclose conditioned space,
except openings for windows, skylights, doors and building service systems.
OUTDOOR AIR. Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not previously circulated through the
system.
OZONE DEPLETION FACTOR. A relative measure of the potency of chemicals in depleting
stratospheric ozone. The ozone depletion factor potential depends on the chlorine and bromine
content and the atmospheric lifetime of the chemical. The depletion factor potential is normalized
such that the factor for CFC-11 is set equal to unity and the factors for the other chemicals indicate
their potential relative to CFC-11.
PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONER (PTAC). A factory-selected wall sleeve and
separate un-encased combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or components
(intended for mounting through the wall to serve a single room or zone). It includes heating
capability by hot water, steam or electricity. (For the complete technical definition, see ARI
310/380.)
PACKAGED TERMINAL HEAT PUMP. A PTAC capable of using the refrigeration system in a
reverse cycle or heat pump mode to provide heat. (For the complete technical definition, see ARI
310/380.)
POSITIVE COOLING SUPPLY. Mechanical cooling deliberately supplied to a space, such as
through a supply register. Also, mechanical cooling indirectly supplied to a space through un-
insulated surfaces of space-cooling components, such as evaporator coil cases and cooling
distribution systems which continually maintain air temperatures within the space of 85°F (29°C) or
lower during normal operation. To be considered exempt from inclusion in this definition, such
surfaces shall comply with the insulation requirements of this chapter.
POSITIVE HEAT SUPPLY. Heat deliberately supplied to a space by design, such as a supply
register, radiator or heating element. Also, heat indirectly supplied to a space through un-insulated
surfaces of service water heaters and space-heating components, such as furnaces, boilers and
heating and cooling distribution systems which continually maintain air temperature within the space
48
of 50°F (10°C) or higher during normal operation. To be considered exempt from inclusion in this
definition, such surfaces shall comply with the insulation requirements of this chapter.
PROPOSED DESIGN. A description of the proposed building used to estimate annual energy use
for determining compliance based on total building performance.
READILY ACCESSIBLE. Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal or inspections,
without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite, to climb over or remove obstacles or to
use portable ladders or access equipment (see AAccessible@).
REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. One- and two-family dwellings, townhouses, R-2 residential
buildings three stories or less in height above grade and R-4 residential buildings three stories or less
in height above grade.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design
loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both
the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes, the roof covering, underlayment, roof
deck, vapor retarder, substrate or thermal barrier, insulation, and interior finish. For purposes of the
building thermal envelope, a roof assembly shall be considered as all roof/ceiling components of the
building envelope through which heat flows, thus creating a building transmission heat loss or gain,
where such assembly is exposed to outdoor air and encloses conditioned space. The gross area of a
roof assembly consists of the total interior surface of all roof/ceiling components, including opaque
surfaces, dormer and bay window roofs, trey ceilings, overhead portions of an interior stairway to an
unconditioned attic, doors and hatches, glazing and skylights exposed to conditioned space, that are
horizontal or sloped at an angle less than 60 degrees (1.1 rad) from the horizontal (see AExterior
wall@). A roof assembly, or portions thereof, having a slope of 60 degrees (1.1rad) or greater from
horizontal shall be considered in the gross area of exterior walls and thereby excluded from
consideration in the roof assembly. Skylight shaft walls 12 inches (305 mm) in depth or greater (as
measured from the ceiling plane to the roof deck) shall be considered in the gross area of exterior
walls and are thereby excluded from consideration in the roof assembly.
ROOM AIR CONDITIONER. An encased assembly designed as a unit for mounting in a window
or through a wall, or as a console. It is designed primarily to provide free delivery of conditioned air
to an enclosed space, room or zone. It includes a prime source of refrigeration for cooling and
dehumidification and means for circulating and cleaning air, and shall be permitted to also include
means for ventilating and heating.
R-VALUE (THERMAL RESISTANCE). The inverse of the time rate of heat flow through a body
from one of its bounding surfaces to the other surface for a unit temperature difference between the
two surfaces, under steady state conditions, per unit area (hHft2
H°F/Btu) [(m2
HK)/W].
49
SASH CRACK. The sum of all perimeters of all window sashes, based on overall dimensions of
such parts, expressed in feet. If a portion of one sash perimeter overlaps a portion of another sash
perimeter, the overlapping portions are only counted once.
SCREW LAMP HOLDERS. A lamp base that requires a screw-in-type lamp such as an
incandescent, compact florescent, or tungsten-halogen bulb.
SEASONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO (SEER). The total cooling output of an air
conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling, in Btu/h (W), divided by the total
electric energy input during the same period, in watt-hours, as determined by DOE 10 CFR Part 430,
Subpart B, Test Procedures.
SERVICE SYSTEMS. All energy-using systems in a building that are operated to provide services
for the occupants or processes housed therein, including HVAC, service water heating, illumination,
transportation, cooking or food preparation, laundering and similar functions.
SERVICE WATER HEATING. Supply of hot water for purposes other than comfort heating.
SIMULATION TOOL. An approved software program or calculation-based methodology that
projects the annual hour-by-hour loads and energy use of a building.
SKYLIGHT. Glazing that is sloped more than fifteen degrees (0.26 rad) from the vertical.
SLAB-ON-GROUND FLOOR INSULATION. Insulation around the perimeter of the floor slab or
its supporting foundation when the top edge of the floor perimeter slab is above the finished grade or
12 inches (305 mm) or less below the finished grade.
SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE. Source of natural day-lighting and of thermal, chemical or electrical
energy derived directly from conversion of incident solar radiation.
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICENT. The ratio of the solar heat gain through a fenestration or
glazing assembly to the incident solar radiation as established by the NFRC.
STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of the Proposed design that meets the minimum
requirements of this chapter and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use requirement
for compliance based on total building performance.
STANDARD TRUSS. Any construction that does not permit the roof/ceiling insulation to achieve
the required R-value over the exterior walls.
SUNROOM ADDITION. A one-story structure added to a dwelling, with a glazing area in excess
of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure=s exterior walls and roof.
50
SYSTEM. A combination of central or terminal equipment or components or controls, accessories,
interconnecting means, and terminal devices by which energy is transformed so as to perform a
specific function, such as HVAC, service water heating or illumination.
THERMAL CONDUCTANCE. Time rate of heat flow through a body (frequently per unit area)
from one of its bounding surfaces to the other for a unit temperature difference between the two
surfaces, under steady conditions (Btu/h @ ft2 @ EF) [W/( m2 @ K)].
THERMAL ISOLATION. A separation of conditioned spaces, between a sunroom addition and a
dwelling unit, consisting of existing or new wall(s), doors and/or windows. New wall(s), doors
and/or windows shall meet the prescriptive envelope component criteria in Table N1111.1. The
conditioned space(s) shall be controlled as a separate zone(s) for heating and cooling or conditioned
by separate equipment.
THERMOSTAT. An automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable
set point.
TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit constructed in a group of two or more attached
individual units, each of which is separated from the other from the foundation to the roof and is
located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land (site) bounded by property lines
that is deeded exclusively for such single-family dwelling.
U-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE). The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air)
through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit
temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/hHft2
H°F)
[W/(m2
HK)].The U-factor for fenestration products shall be as established by the NFRC.
UNITARY COOLING AND HEATING EQUIPMENT. One or more factory-made assemblies
which include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor and condenser combination, and which
shall be permitted to include a heating function as well. When heating and cooling equipment is
provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
UNITARY HEAT PUMP. One or more factory-made assemblies which include an indoor
conditioning coil, compressor(s) and outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including
means to provide both heating and cooling functions. When heat pump equipment is provided in
more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
VAPOR RETARDER. A vapor resistant material, membrane or covering such as foil, plastic
sheeting, or insulation facing having a permeance rating of 1 perm or less, when tested in accordance
with the desiccant method using Procedure A of ASTME96. Vapor retarders limit the amount of
moisture vapor that passes through a material or wall assembly.
VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air
to, or removing such air from, any space.
51
VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air that comes from outside (outdoors) plus any
recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
WATER HEATER, INSTANTANEOUS. A water heater with an input rating of at least 4,000
Btu/h per gallon (310 W/L) stored water and a storage capacity of less than 10 gallons (38 L).
WATER HEATER, STORAGE. A water heater with an input rating less than 4,000 Btu/h per
gallon (310 W/L) of stored water or storage capacity of at least 10 gallons (38 L).
WINDOW PROJECTION FACTOR. A measure of the portion of glazing that is shaded by an
eave or overhang. It is calculated as the ratio of an overhang=s length (horizontal distance out from
the glazing) to the vertical distance from the bottom of the glazing to the bottom of the overhang.
ZONE. A space or group of spaces within a building with heating or cooling requirements, or both,
sufficiently similar so that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a single controlling
device.
SECTION N1108 B DESIGN CONDITIONS
N1108.1 Design criteria. The criteria of this chapter establish the design conditions for use with
Chapter 4.
SECTION N1109 B THERMAL DESIGN PARAMETERS
N1109.1 Thermal design parameters. The following thermal design parameters in Table N1109.1
shall be used for calculations required under this chapter.
TABLE N1109.1
THERMAL DESIGN PARAMETERS
TABLE R301.2(1), ACLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DESIGN CRITERIA
Winter Outdoor, Design Dry-bulb (oF) = 1
Winter Indoor, Design Dry-bulb (oF) = 72
Summer, Outdoor Design Dry-bulb (oF) = 91
Summer, Indoor Design Dry-bulb (oF) = 75
Summer, Design Wet-bulb (oF) = 59
Degree days heating = 6368
Degree days cooling = 479
For SI: °C = [(°F)-32]/1.8.
52
SECTION N1110 B MATERIALS, SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
N1110.1 Compliance. Compliance with the energy efficiency requirements of this chapter for
residential buildings shall be demonstrated by any one of the methods provided in this chapter.
N1110.2 Identification. Materials, systems and equipment shall be identified in a manner that will
allow a determination of compliance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.
N1110.3 Installation. All materials, systems and equipment required by this chapter shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer=s installation instructions and the conditions of any
listing or required certifications.
N1110.3.1 Glass and mineral fiber insulation. Glass and mineral fiber (wool) insulation
installed on the conditioned side of basement foundation walls and on framed cavities or
surfaces less than 72 inches (1829 mm) above the floor below shall be protected from damage
and releasing insulation fibers into the conditioned space by a permanent covering material
securely fastened in place such that the insulation is maintained in substantial contact with the
covering. The covering material shall be gypsum wallboard, wall paneling, wall sheathing, or
similar durable materials conforming to Section R315, that provide equivalent physical
protection as determined by the building official.
N1110.4 Maintenance information. Instructions shall be furnished with the building for equipment
and systems that require preventive maintenance. Required regular maintenance shall be clearly
stated and incorporated on a readily accessible label affixed to the equipment. This label shall
include the title or publication number for the operation and maintenance manual for that particular
model and type of product.
N1110.5 Certification. A permanent certification shall be signed by the builder and be posted in the
immediate vicinity of the building electrical distribution panel. Where there is more than one value
for each component, the certification shall list the value covering the greatest area. Such
certification shall verify the following:
1. The predominant R-values of the insulation for ceiling/roof, walls, foundation (slab,
basement wall, frame floors, crawlspace wall and/or floor);
2. U-factors and the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) for each fenestration type;
3. The type and efficiency of heating, cooling and service water heating equipment, and
R-values for ducts outside conditioned spaces; and
4. The insulation described thereon is installed in accordance with the applicable
installation guidelines established by the building official.
A copy of the certification shall be submitted to the building official by the builder or general
contractor of record prior to issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy.
SECTION N1111 B BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE
53
N1111.1 Simplified Insulation and fenestration prescriptive criteria. The building envelope shall
meet the requirements of Table N1111.1, except as stated in this Section.
N1111.2 Insulation installation and identification. Roof/ceiling, floor, wall cavity and duct
distribution systems insulation shall be installed in a manner as set forth in the Insulation Guidelines
established by the building official and such that the manufacturer=s R-value identification mark is
readily observable upon inspection.
N1111.2.1 Building thermal envelope insulation. An R-value identification mark shall be
applied by the manufacturer to each piece of building envelope insulation 12 inches (305 mm) or
greater in width. Alternatively, the insulation installer shall provide a certification listing the
type, manufacturer and R-value of insulation installed in each element of the building thermal
envelope. The certification shall list the type, manufacturer and R-value of insulation installed in
each element of the building envelope. For blown or sprayed insulation, the initial installed
thickness, settled thickness, settled R-value, installed density, coverage area and number of bags
installed shall be listed on the certification. The insulation installer shall sign, date and post the
certification in a conspicuous location within the building.
N1111.2.1.1 Blown or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation. The thickness of blown in or
sprayed roof/ceiling insulation shall be observable by markers that measure thickness in
inches and which are installed no less than one for every 300 ft2 (28 m2) throughout the
attic space. The markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked with the
minimum initial installed thickness with numbers a minimum of 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
height. Each marker shall face the attic access opening.
N1111.3 R-value computation. Insulation material used in layers, such as framing cavity insulation
and insulating sheathing, shall be summed to compute the component R-value. The manufacturer=s
settled R-value shall be used for blown insulation. Computed R-values shall not include an R-value
for other building materials or air films.
N1111.4 U-factor alternative. An assembly with a U-factor equal to or less than that specified in
Table N1111.1 shall be permitted as an alternative to the R-value in Table N1111.1.
N1111.5 Total UA alternative. If the total building thermal envelope UA (sum of U-factor times
assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the U-factors in Table
N1111.1, the building shall be considered in compliance with Table N1111.1. The UA calculation
shall be done using a method consistent with the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals and shall
include the thermal bridging effects of framing materials. The SHGC requirements shall be met in
addition to UA compliance.
N1111.6 Prescriptive tradeoffs. Alternative minimum insulation R-values shall be permitted as an
alternative to the standard AInsulation and Glazed Fenestration Requirements by Component@
54
specified in Table N1111.1 provided the HVAC performance efficiencies are increased as indicated
therein.
Table N1111.1 Insulation and Glazed Fenestration Requirements by Component(a)
Fenestrati
on
U-Factor
Fenestrati
on
SHGC
Skylight
(b)
U-
F
Ceiling
(c)
R-
Vl
Frame
Wall(d)
R-Value
Mass
Wall
R-
Vl
Floor(
h)
R-
Vl
Basement
(e)
Wall R-
Vl
Slab(f)
R-
Value
&
Crawl
Space(g)
Wall
0.35
0.55
0.60
38 /
49 (k)
18 / 21(k)
15(l)
13 /
15(k)
30
10 / 13
10, 2 ft
/
10, 4
ft(k)
19/ 13
Equivalent Maximum U-Factors
Insulated building envelope U-factors must be obtained from measurement or calculation.
0.35
NA
55
(d) Frame walls include between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof and basement knee
walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, shaft walls enclosing conditioned spaces that adjoin
unconditioned spaces, and walls enclosing a mansard roof. R-values are for the insulation materials
only. When structural sheathing covers 25% or less of the exterior frame walls, the combined
insulation R-value where the structural sheathing is used may be R-15. Where structural sheathing
covers more than 25% of the exterior walls in which R-15 cavity insulation is installed, and
insulated sheathing of at least R-2 is applied to the structural sheathing, the exterior walls comply
with Table N1111.1 .
(e) A basement wall is any individual exterior wall that is more than 50% below grade. The first R-
value applies to continuous insulation and the second R-value applies to insulation in a framing
cavity. Either R-value meets the basement requirement.
(f) R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs.
(g) The first R-value applies to continuous insulation, the second to insulation that fills a framing
cavity; either one meets the crawl space wall insulation requirement.
(h) Insulation must be sufficient to completely fill the framing cavity and no less than R-19.
(i) Bold type indicates requirements that differ from the standard requirements. Buildings with
electric resistance as the primary heat source are not eligible to use alternative minimum insulation
offset by increased HVAC efficiencies. All footnotes of Table N1111.1 apply. Air-handlers,
furnaces and ducts shall be in conditioned space. Factory-sealed air handlers tested, certified and
labeled by the manufacturer to have achieved a 2 percent or less leakage rate at 1.0 inch (25.4 mm)
water gauge shall meet the requirement for the air handler being in conditioned space. After the year
2006 change: SEER increased from 12 to 14 and HSPF from 8.2 to 8.8. Evaporative cooling meets
SEER requirement.
(j) When not already specified in order to utilize the alternative minimum insulation offset by
increased HVAC efficiencies as noted under footnote (i), heating equipment meeting the one of the
performance and efficiency standards may be substituted in lieu of installing the continuous
insulation specified for exterior basement walls that do not contain or enclose living space at the
time of their construction and approval for occupancy, provided that not more than 12 inches (305
mm) of the basement wall is above grade.
(k) The value indicating the greatest thermal efficiency applies to buildings with electric-powered
equipment as the primary building heat source when such equipment is NOT supplied primarily by
renewable energy sources or is NOT a ground-source heat pump.
(l) Frame walls noted in footnote (d) above of individual buildings that do not exceed 1,600 square
feet (149 m2) in f floor area above the foundation may be insulated to a minimum of R-15.
N1111.7 Insulation and thermal requirements for specific conditions.
56
N1111.7.1 Roof/Ceiling Assemblies and Attics. Where Section N1111.1 prescribes insulation
levels above R-30 and the design of the roof/ceiling assembly does not allow sufficient space for
the specified insulation, the minimum required insulation for such roof/ceiling assemblies shall be
not less than R-30. Such reduction of insulation from the requirements of Section N1111.1 shall be
limited to 500 square feet (46.5 m2) of ceiling area. The required ceiling insulation R-value above
the exterior wall top plate shall not be less than the required R-value of the wall insulation.
N1111.7.2 Mass walls. Mass walls include concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form
(ICF), masonry cavity, brick (not brick veneer) and log walls. To use the mass wall provisions,
greater than 50% of the insulation R-value shall be on the exterior of, or integral to, the mass wall.
Mass walls that do not meet this criterion for insulation placement shall meet the frame wall
insulation requirements.
N1111.7.3 Opaque doors. A door with a foam core shall be deemed to meet the required
fenestration U-factor. One opaque door assembly is exempted from the U-factor requirement
.
N1111.7.4 Floors. Cantilevered floors, floors over outside air (including floors over any garage
when such garage does not meet the provisions of this chapter, and floors over crawl spaces that
are vented to the outside), and dormer ceilings shall require a minimum of R-30 insulation installed
to maintain permanent contact with the floor above and be sufficient to fill the framing cavity
completely.
N1111.7.5 Basement walls. Walls containing conditioned basement spaces shall be insulated from
the top of the basement wall downward to a point 120 inches (3.05 m) below grade or to the
basement floor, whichever is less. Walls containing unconditioned basement spaces shall meet the
preceding requirement unless the floor overhead is insulated in accordance with Sections N1111.1
and N1111.7.4, except when utilizing the alternative minimum insulation offset by increased
HVAC efficiencies as permitted in Table N1111.1. Glass and mineral fiber (wool) insulation
installed on the interior side of basement foundation walls shall be protected from damage as
specified in Section N1110.3.1.
Exceptions:
1. Insulation applied to the exterior side of foundation walls enclosing conditioned
space shall extend downward from the top of foundation walls and terminate a
minimum of 48 inches (1219 mm) below the adjoining ground level.
2. Insulation may be eliminated when heating equipment is installed that meets
efficiency criteria and conditions specified in Table N1111.1, Footnotes (i) and (j).
N1111.7. 6 Slab-on-ground floors. The perimeters of slab-on-ground floors and below-grade
structural floor systems with a floor surface less than 12 inches (305 mm)below grade shall be
insulated in accordance with Table N1111.1. The insulation shall extend downward from the top
of the slab on the outside or inside of the foundation wall. Insulation located below grade shall be
extended the distance provided in Table N1111.1 by any combination of vertical insulation,
insulation extending under the slab or insulation extending out from the building. Insulation
57
extending away from the building shall be protected by pavement or by a minimum of 10 inches
(254 mm) of soil. The top edge of the insulation installed between the exterior wall and the edge
of the interior slab shall be permitted to be cut at a 45-degree angle away from the exterior wall.
Approved frost-protected-shallow-foundations constructed in accordance with Section R403.3
shall be considered in compliance with this section.
N1111.7.7 Crawl space walls. Floors above crawl spaces that are vented to the outside (excluding
such spaces with openings and ducts solely for the purpose of providing combustion air in
accordance with M1703) shall be insulated in accordance with Sections N1111.1 and N1111.7.4.
Crawl space walls shall be permitted to be insulated when the crawl space is not vented to the
outside. Such insulation shall be permanently fastened to the crawl space wall and extend
downward from the sill plate to the interior bottom surface. Where the interior bottom surface is
less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the outside finish ground level, insulation shall extend from
the top of the crawl space wall to the top of the footing. The exposed earth in crawl spaces shall be
covered with a continuous vapor retarder. All joints in the vapor retarder shall overlap by 6 inches
(152 mm) and be sealed or taped. The edges of the vapor retarder shall extend at least 6 inches
(152 mm) up the stem wall and shall be attached and sealed to the foundation wall in an approved
manner.
N1111.7.8 Masonry veneer. Insulation shall not be required on the horizontal portion of the
foundation that supports a masonry veneer.
N1111.7.9 Below-grade structural floors. Below-grade structural floors supporting conditioned
spaces above shall be constructed in accordance with Section R408.2.2.
N1111.7.10 Protection of exposed foundation insulation. Insulation applied to the exterior of
foundation walls and the perimeter of slab-on-grade floors shall have a rigid, opaque and weather-
resistant protective covering to prevent the degradation of the insulation=s thermal performance.
The protective covering shall cover the exposed exterior insulation and extend a minimum of 6
inches (152 mm) below grade.
N1111.7.11 Thermally isolated sunroom insulation. The minimum ceiling insulation R-value
shall be R-24 and the minimum wall R-value shall be R-13 in such rooms. New wall(s) separating
the sunroom from conditioned space shall meet the building thermal envelope requirements.
Thermally isolated sunrooms shall not be used as kitchens or sleeping rooms, and shall be served
by a separate heating or cooling system.
N1111.7.12 Accessory buildings. Fully enclosed accessory buildings and attached garages not
containing habitable space may be conditioned subject to the following thermal and envelope
criteria:
1. Such spaces meet the criteria for thermal isolation and any HVAC equipment
installed therein is sized for a peak design load assuming a maximum Winter Indoor
Design DryBbulb Temperature of 60oF(16 oC) and a minimum Summer Indoor
Design DryBbulb Temperature of 80oF (27 oC).
58
2. The walls are insulated with insulation having a minimum R-value of R-13.
3. The roof/ceiling is insulated in accordance with Section N1111.1.
4. Windows have a maximum U-factor of 0.45 and in total do not exceed 10% of the
floor area.
5. Doors have a minimum R-value of 3 and are sealed to prevent infiltration to the
extent practical as determined by the building official.
6. Slab-edges are insulated to R-5.
N1111.7.14 Steel-frame ceilings, walls and floors. Steel-frame ceilings, walls and floors shall
meet the insulation requirements of Table N1111.2 or shall meet the U-factor requirements in
Table N1111.1. The calculation of the U-factor for a steel-frame envelope assembly shall use a
series-parallel path calculation method.
Table N1111.2 Steel-Frame Ceiling, Wall and Floor Insulation (R-Value)
Wood Frame
R-Value
Requirement
Cold-Formed Steel Equivalent R BValue1
Steel Truss Ceilings2
R-30
R-38 or R-30+3 or R-26+5
R-38
R-49 or R-38+3
R-49
R-38+5
Steel Joist Ceilings2
R-30
R-38 in 2x4 or 2x6 or 2x8
R-49 in any framing
R-38
R-49 in 2x4 or 2x6 or 2x8 or 2x10
Steel Framed Wall
R-13
R-13+5 or R-15+4 or R-21+3
R-19
R-13+9 or R-19+8 or R-25+7
R-21
R-13+10 or R-19+9 or R-25+8
59
Steel Joist Floor
R-13
R-19 in 2x6
R-19+R6 in 2x8 or 2x10
R-19
R-19+R-6 in 2x6
R-19+R-12 in 2x8 or 2x10
Notes:
1. Cavity insulation R-value is listed first, followed by continuous
insulation R-value.
2. Insulation exceeding the height of the framing shall cover the
framing.
N1111.8 Fenestration.
N1111.8.1 Fenestration product rating. U-factors of fenestration products (windows, doors
and skylights) shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100 by an accredited, independent
laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. The solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC) of glazed fenestration products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be
determined in accordance with NFRC 200 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled
and certified by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled U-factor shall be assigned a
default U-factor from Tables N1111.3. and N1111.4. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of
glazed fenestration products (windows, glazed doors and skylights) shall be determined in
accordance with NFRC 200 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified
by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled SHGC shall be assigned a default SHGC
from Table N1111.5.
Table N1111.3 Default Glazed Fenestration U-Factors
Skylight
Frame Type
Singl
e
Pane
Doub
le
Pane
Sing
le
Doub
le
Metal
1.20
0.80
2.00
1.30
Metal with Thermal
Break
1.10
0.65
1.90
1.10
Non-Metal or Metal
Clad
0.95
0.55
1.75
1.05
Glazed Block
0.60
Table N1111.4 B Default Door U-Factors
Door Type
U-
60
Uninsulated Metal
1.20
Insulated Metal
0.60
Wood
0.50
Insulated, non-metal edge,
max 45% glazing, any glazing
double pane
0.35
Table N1111.5 B Default Glazed Fenestration SHGC
Single Glazed
Double
Glazed
Clear
Tinted
Clea
r
Tinted
Glazed
Block
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
N1111.8.2 U-factor An area-weighted average of fenestration products shall be permitted to
satisfy the U-factor requirements.
N1111.8.3 Glazed fenestration SHGC. An area-weighted average of fenestration products more
than 50% glazed shall be permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements.
N1111.8.4 SHGC exemptions. Any fenestration facing within 45 degrees of true south with an
overhang having a window projection factor of 0.3 or more is exempt from the SHGC
requirements.
N1111.8.5 Fenestration exemption. Up to 15 ft2 (1.4 m2) of glazed fenestration per dwelling
unit is exempt from U-factor and SHGC requirements in Section N1111.
N1111.8.6 Thermally isolated sunrooms U-factor. Glazed fenestration in thermally isolated
sunrooms and new windows separating sunrooms from conditioned space shall have a maximum
U-factor of 0.50. Sunroom skylights shall have a maximum U-factor of 0.75. Sunrooms shall
otherwise meet the requirements of this chapter.
Exception: Thermally isolated sunrooms that are neither heated nor cooled with non-
renewable energy sources.
N1111.8.7 Replacement fenestration. Where some or all of an existing fenestration unit is
replaced with a new replacement fenestration product, including frame, sash, and glazing, the
replacement fenestration unit shall meet the requirements for U-factor and SHGC in Table
N1111.1.
61
N1111.8.8 Impact resistant fenestration. Required impact resistant fenestration shall meet
ASTM E-1886 or ASTM E-1996, and shall be so labeled by the manufacturer.
N1111.9 Air infiltration.
N1111.9.1 Building envelope. Exterior joints, seams or penetrations in the building envelope, that
are sources of uncontrolled air infiltration, shall be sealed with durable caulking materials, closed
with gasketing systems, taped or covered with moisture vapor-permeable house wrap as described
in further detail in the air-sealing guidelines established by the building official. Such sealing
methods shall be performed at locations such as around tubs and showers; at the attic and crawl
space panels; at recessed lights and around all plumbing and electrical penetrations; at dropped
ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope; at knee walls and shaft walls adjoining
unconditioned space; and at similar openings located in the building envelope between conditioned
space and unconditioned space or between the conditioned space and the outside. Sealing
materials spanning joints between dissimilar construction materials shall allow for differential
expansion and contraction of the construction materials.
An approved air-infiltration test performed by a qualified agency resulting in achieving the
equivalent maximum air-infiltration provided in the air-sealing guidelines as determined by the
building official, shall be considered an acceptable method of demonstrating compliance with
RN1111.9.1.
N1111.9.2 Fenestration infiltration. Windows, skylights and sliding-glass doors shall have an air
infiltration rate of no more than 0.3 cfm/ft2 (1.52 L/s/m2) and swinging doors shall have an air
infiltration rate of no more than 0.5 cfm/ft2 (2.54 L/s/m2) when tested according to NFRC 400,
101/I.S.2, or 101/I.S.2 NAFS by an accredited, independent laboratory. All such fenestration
products shall be certified according to the conditions of their listings and so labeled by the
manufacturer.
Exemptions: Site-built windows, skylights and doors.
N1111.9.3 Recessed lighting. Where installed in the building thermal envelope, recessed
lighting fixtures shall be sealed to limit infiltration between conditioned and unconditioned
space. Such fixtures shall be one of the following types:
1. IC-rated and labeled with enclosures that are sealed or gasketed to prevent air leakage to the
ceiling cavity or unconditioned space; or
2. IC-rated and labeled as meeting ASTM E 283 when tested at 1.57 psi (75 Pa) pressure
differential with no more than 2.0 cfm (0.944 L/s) of air movement from the conditioned
space to the ceiling cavity; or
3. located inside an airtight sealed box with clearances of at least 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) from
combustible material and 3 inches (76 mm) from insulation.
62
N1111.10 Moisture control. The building design shall not create conditions hazardous to occupants
or of accelerated deterioration due to the presence of excessive water vapor and condensation.
Methods for moisture control shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of this
code and as determined necessary by the building official where special conditions or construction
methods are encountered, such as steam rooms and rooms containing spas or pools, or below grade
sub-floor spaces, or other interior locations subject to excessive moisture.
SECTION N1112 B SYSTEMS
N1112.1 General. This section covers mechanical systems and equipment used to provide heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning functions. This section assumes that residential buildings and
dwelling units therein will be designed with individual HVAC systems. Where equipment not shown
in Table 503.2 of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE (2003 IECC)7
published by the International Code Council, Inc. is specified, it shall meet the provisions of
Sections 803.2.2 and 803.3.2.of such code.
N1112.2 HVAC equipment efficiency. Equipment shall meet the following minimum performance
standards:
1. ANNUAL FUEL UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY (AFUE) of gas-fired or oil-fired furnace (<
225,000 Btu/h) $ 80% and Et $80%.
2. AFUE of Gas-fired or oil-fired steam and hot-water boilers (< 300,000 Btu/h) $ 80%.
3. HEATING SEASONAL PERFORMANCE FACTOR (HSPF) of air-cooled heat pumps in
heating mode (<65,000 Btu/h cooling capacity) $ 7.9.
4. SEASONAL ENERGY-EFFICIENCY RATIO (SEER) of air-cooled air conditioners and
heat pumps in cooling mode (<65,000 Btu/h cooling capacity) $ 12.
Data furnished by the equipment supplier, or certified under a nationally recognized certification
procedure, shall be used to satisfy these requirements. All such equipment shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer=s instructions. Heating, cooling and service water heating
equipment with equipment efficiency regulated as an AFUE, HSPF, SEER or EF shall have the
efficiency specified on a label permanently attached to the equipment by the manufacturer; or such
specified efficiencies shall be verified by the manufacturer=s product literature and posted in the
building as part of the certification pursuant to Section N1110.5.
N1112.3 Equipment sizing and testing. All heating and cooling equipment shall be sized and tested
according to the provisions of Section M1401.3.
N1112.4 Controls. At least one thermostat shall be provided for each separate heating, cooling or
combination heating and cooling system. Such controls when used to control comfort heating shall
be capable of being set locally or remotely by adjustment or selection of sensors down to 55°F
(13°C) or lower and when used to control comfort cooling shall be capable of being set locally or
63
remotely by adjustment or selection of sensors up to 85°F (29°C) or higher. Where used to control
both comfort heating and cooling, thermostatic controls shall be capable of providing a temperature
range or deadband of at least 5°F (3°C) within which the supply of heating and cooling energy is
shut off or reduced to a minimum.
Exceptions:
1. Special occupancy or special usage conditions approved by the code official.
2. Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes.
N1112.4.2 Humidistats. Humidistats used for comfort purposes shall be capable of being set
to prevent the use of fossil fuel or electricity to reduce relative humidity below 60 percent or
increase relative humidity above 30 percent.
N1112.5 Air-distribution duct systems. Air duct- distribution- systems shall be constructed and
installed in accordance with this chapter, Section M1601 of the International Residential Code,
ACCA Manual D, SMACNA, or with other approved methods. Such duct systems shall be sized for
whichever results in the greater system airBflow capacity requirement: either the heating load or the
cooling load.
N1112.5.1 Insulation. The R-value identification mark shall be applied by the manufacturer in
intervals of no greater than 3 feet (0.914 m) to insulated flexible duct products showing the thermal
performance R-value for the duct insulation (excluding air films, vapor retarders or other duct
components). All supply and return-air ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air-
distribution system in unconditioned spaces, such as unconditioned attics, vented crawl spaces,
unconditioned basements, garages, spaces outside the building or spaces within a building
envelope assembly, shall be thermally insulated.
Supply ducts shall be insulated to a minimum of R-8. Ducts in floor trusses shall be insulated to a
minimum of R-6. Return air ducts outside the building, in unconditioned spaces, and where used
as plenums in exterior wall cavities shall be insulated to a minimum of R-6.
Exception: Portions of the air distribution system within appliances or equipment.
N1112.5.2 Sealing. All duct systems, air handlers, filter boxes, building cavities used to convey
conditioned air, including all joints, longitudinal and transverse seams, and connections in
ductwork thereof, shall be securely fastened and sealed in compliance with Section M1601.3.1.
N1112.5.3 Building cavities. Building framing cavities, such as the spaces between framing
members in walls or floors, may be used as return air ducts provided all heating, ventilation,
and cooling equipment and all related air-distribution systems and ductwork that are pressure
tested in accordance with approved procedures and which do not leak more than 25% of total
system flow; and further provided that where framing cavities are used as air-distribution
ducts, they are adequately sealed with approved sealants.
64
Exception: Building framing cavities used for passive air distribution and balancing that
are not directly connected to heating, ventilation, and cooling equipment and such
associated air-distribution ductwork.
N1112.6 Mechanical ventilation. Every mechanical ventilation system (supply or exhaust, or both)
shall be equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shutoff, or volume reduction
and shutoff, when ventilation is not required. Automatic or gravity dampers that close when the
system is not in operation shall be provided for outdoor air intakes and exhausts.
N1112.7 Mechanical system piping insulation. Mechanical system piping capable of carrying
fluids above 105 1F (41o C) or below 55 1F (13 oF) shall be insulated to a minimum of R-2 for pipes
2-inch (12.7 mm) and less, and to a minimum of R-4 for pipes greater than 2-inch (12.7 mm).
N1112.8 Service water heating systems.
N1112.8.1 Water heaters, storage tanks and boilers. Water heaters and hot water storage
tanks shall meet the minimum performance of water-heating equipment specified in Table
504.2.1 of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CODE (IECC)7. Where multiple criteria are
listed, all criteria shall be met.
Exception: Storage water heaters and hot water storage tanks having more than 140 gallons
(530 L) of storage capacity need not meet the standby loss (SL) or heat loss (HL)
requirements of Table 504.2.1 of the IECC7
if the tank surface area is thermally insulated to
R-12.5 and if a standing pilot light is not used.
N1112.8.2 Pipe insulation. Automatic circulating service hot water piping shall be insulated to
a minimum of R-2 in conditioned spaces and to a minimum of R-3 in unconditioned spaces. In
automatic-circulating hot water systems, piping heat loss shall be limited to a maximum of 17.5
Btu/h per linear foot (16.8 W/m) of pipe based on design external temperature no lower than
651F (181C). For external design temperatures lower than 651F (181C), all hot water piping shall
be insulated to a minimum of R-3. Such circulating hot water systems shall include an automatic
or readily accessible manual switch that can turn off the hot water circulating pump when the
system is not in use.
Exception: Piping insulation is not required when the heat loss of the piping, without
insulation, does not increase the annual energy requirements of the building.
N1112.8.3 Heat traps. Water heaters with vertical pipe risers shall have a heat trap on both the
inlet and outlet of the water heater unless the water heater has an integral heat trap or is part of a
circulating system.
N1112.8.4 Hot water system controls. Automatic-circulating hot water system pumps or heat
trace shall be arranged to be conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the hot
water system is not in operation.
65
N1112.8.5 Showers. Shower heads shall not exceed the flow rate of 2.5 gallons per minute
(gpm) (9.5 l/m) at a pressure of 80 (psi) ( 551 kPa) when tested in accordance with ASME
A112.18.1. Where multiple shower heads are installed in an individual shower compartment, the
total combined flow of all heads shall not exceed 3 gpm ( 11.4 L/m).
N1112.9 Balancing. All comfort heating and cooling systems shall be provided with means for
balancing air and water systems. Balancing mechanisms shall include, but not be limited to,
dampers, temperature and pressure test connections, and balancing valves.
N1112.10 Transport energy. The air transport factor for each all-air system shall be not less than
5.5 when calculated in accordance with Equation 4-10. Energy for transfer of air through heat-
recovery devices shall not be included in determining the air transport factor.
(Equation 4-10)
Air Transport Factor = Space Sensible Heat Removal a
Supply + Return Fans(s) Power Inputa
a. Expressed in consistent units, either Btu/h or Watts.
For purposes of these calculations, space sensible heat removal is equivalent to the maximum
coincident design sensible cooling load of all spaces served for which the system provides cooling.
Fan power input is the rate of energy delivered to the fan prime mover.
Air and water, all-water and unitary systems employing chilled, hot, dual-temperature or condenser
water-transport systems to space terminals shall not require greater transport energy (including
central and terminal fan power and pump power) than an equivalent all-air system providing the
same space sensible heat removal and having an air transport factor of not less than 5.5.
N1112.11 Combination service water-heating/space-heating boilers. Service water-heating
equipment shall not be dependent on year-round operation of space-heating boilers; that is, boilers
that have as another function winter space heating.
Exceptions:
1. Systems with service/space-heating boilers having a standby loss (Btu/h) (W) less than that
calculated in equation 4-11 as determined by the fixture count method where:
(Equation 4-11)
SL # (13.3 . pmd) + 400
n
pmd = Probable maximum demand in gallons/hour as determined in accordance
with the ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook.
n = Fraction of year when outdoor daily mean temperature exceeds 64.9°F (18°C).
66
The standby loss is to be determined for a test period of 24-hour duration while maintaining
a boiler water temperature of 90°F (32°C) above an ambient of 60 to
90°F (16 to 32°C) and a 5-foot (1524 mm) stack on appliance.
2. For systems where the use of a single heating unit will lead to energy savings, such unit shall
be utilized.
N1112.12 Swimming pools. Swimming pools shall be provided with energy-conserving measures in
accordance with Sections 504.3.1 through 504.3.3. of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY
CONSERVATION CODE.
N1112.12.1 On-off switch. All pool heaters shall be equipped with an ON-OFF switch mounted
for easy access to allow shutting off the operation of the heater without adjusting the thermostat
setting and to allow restarting without relighting the pilot light.
N1112.12.2 Pool covers. Heated swimming pools shall be equipped with a pool cover.
Exception: Outdoor pools deriving more than 20 percent of the energy for heating from
renewable sources (computed over an operating season) are exempt from this requirement.
N1112.12.3 Time clocks. Swimming pool heater time clocks shall be installed so that the pump
can be set to run in the off-peak electric demand period and can be set for the minimum time
necessary to maintain the water in a clear and sanitary condition in keeping with applicable
health standards.
SECTION N1113 B SIMULATED PERFORMANCE ALTERNATIVE
N1113.1 Scope. This Section establishes design criteria in terms of the overall energy performance
analysis of a residential building. Such analysis shall include heating, cooling, and service water
heating energy only.
N1113.2 Equivalent energy performance.
N1113.2.1 Mandatory requirements. Compliance with this Section requires that the criteria of
Section N1110, N1111.9, N1111.10, and N1112. be met. Verification of such compliance with
Section N1111.9 shall be demonstrated by testing in accordance with the standards contained in
Table N1113.5.2 (1).
N1113.2.2 Performance-based compliance. Compliance based on simulated energy
performance requires that a proposed residence (proposed design) be shown to have an
annual energy cost that is less than or equal to the annual energy cost of the standard
reference design. Energy prices shall be taken from a source approved by the code official,
such as the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration=s State Energy Price
67
and Expenditure Report. The building official may require time-of-use pricing in energy
cost calculations.
Exception: When site energy (1kWh = 3,413 Btu) is used rather than energy
cost as the basis of comparison.
N1113.3 Documentation
N1113.3.1 Compliance software tools. Documentation verifying that the methods and accuracy
of the compliance software tool conform to the provisions of this Section shall be provided to the
code official.
N1113.3.2 Compliance report. Compliance software tools shall generate a report that
documents that the proposed design has annual energy costs less than or equal to the annual
energy costs of the standard reference design. The compliance documentation shall include the
following information:
a. Address of the residence;
b. An inspection checklist documenting the building component characteristics of the
proposed design as listed in Table N1113.5.2(1). The inspection checklist shall show the
estimated annual energy cost for both the standard reference design and the proposed
design;
c. Name of individual completing the compliance report;
d. Name and version of the compliance software tool.
N1113.3.3 Additional documentation. The building official is further authorized to require the
following documents:
Documentation of the building component characteristics of the standard reference design.
A certification signed by the builder providing the building component characteristics of the
proposed design as given in Table N1113.5.2(1).
N1113.4 Calculation procedure.
N1113.4.1 General. Except as specified by this Section, the standard reference design and
proposed design shall be configured and analyzed using identical methods and techniques.
N1113.4.2 Residence specifications. The standard reference design and proposed design shall
be configured and analyzed as specified by Table N1113.5.2(1). Table N1113.5.2(1) shall
include by reference all notes contained in Table N1111.1.
N1113.5 Calculation and software tools.
N1113.5.1 Minimum capabilities. Calculation procedures used to comply with this section
shall be software tools capable of calculating the annual energy consumption of all building
68
elements that differ between the standard reference design and the proposed design and shall
include the following capabilities:
a. Computer generation of the standard reference design using only the input for the
proposed design. The calculation procedure shall not allow the user to directly
modify the building component characteristics of standard reference design.
b. Calculation of whole-building (as a single zone) sizing for the heating and cooling
equipment in the standard reference design residence in accordance with Section
M1401.3 of the 2003 International Residential Code7.
c. Calculations that account for the effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures and part-
load ratios on the performance of heating, ventilating and air conditioning equipment
based on climate and equipment sizing.
d. Printed approved inspection checklist listing each of the proposed design component
characteristics from Table N1113.5.2(1) determined by the analysis to provide
compliance along with their respective performance ratings (e.g. R-Value, U-Factor,
SHGC, HSPF, AFUE, SEER, EF, etc.).
N1113.5.2 Approved tools. Performance analysis tools must be approved by the building
official. Tools may be approved based on meeting a specified threshold such as a home-energy-
rating tool (HERS) requiring a specified score. The building official is also authorized to
approve tools for a specified application or limited scope; such as a tool approved only for
building envelop tradeoffs or a tool that was not approved for SHGC tradeoffs.
N1113.5.3 Input values. When calculations require input values for building elements, other
than those specified by Sections N1111, N1112, and N1113, those input values shall be taken
from another approved source.
69
Table N1113.5.2(1) Specifications for the Standard Reference and Proposed Designs
Building
Component
Standard Reference Design
Proposed Design
Above grade walls:
pe: wood frame
oss area: same as proposed
actor: from Table N1111.1
olar absorptance = 0.75
mittance = 0.90
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Basement and
crawlspace walls:
ype: same as proposed
ross area: same as proposed
U-Factor: from Table N1111.1 with insulation
layer on interior side of walls
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Above grade floors:
Type: wood frame
ross area: same as proposed
actor: from Table N1111.1
As proposedAs proposed
As proposed
Ceilings:
ype: wood frame
ross area: same as proposed
-Factor: from Table N1111.1
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Roofs:
ype: composition shingle on wood sheathing
ross area: same as proposed
olar absorptance = 0.75
mittance = 0.90
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Attics:
ype: vented with aperture = 1ft2 per 300 ft2
ceiling area
As proposed
Foundations:
ype: same as proposed
As proposed
Doors:
rea: 40 ft2
rientation: North
-factor: same as fenestration from Table
N1111.1
70
Building
Component
Standard Reference Design
Proposed Design
Glazing: (a)
otal area (b) = 18% of conditioned floor area
rientation: equally distributed to four cardinal
compass orientations (N, E, S, &W)
-factor: from Table N1111.1
HGC: from Table N1111.1 except that for
climates with no requirement (NR)
SHGC = 0.55 shall be used
nterior shade fraction:
Summer (all hours when cooling is required)
= 0.70
Winter (all hours when heating is required) =
0.85
External shading: none
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Same as standard reference design (c)
Skylights
one
As proposed
Thermally isolated
sunrooms
one
As proposed
Air exchange rate
Specific Leakage Area (SLA) (d) = 0.00048
assuming no energy recovery
or residences without mechanical
ventilation that are tested in
accordance with ASHRAE Standard
119, Section 5.1, the measured air
exchange rate(e) but not less than 0.35
ach.
or residences with mechanical
ventilation that are tested in
accordance with ASHRAE Standard
119, Section 5.1, the measured air
exchange rate(e) combined with the
mechanical ventilation rate,(f) which
shall not be less than 0.01 x CFA +
7.5 x (Nbr+1).
where:
CFA = conditioned floor area
Nbr = number of bedrooms
Mechanical
ventilation:
None, except where mechanical ventilation is
specified by the proposed design, in which
case:
Annual vent fan energy use:
kWh/yr = 0.03942*CFA + 29.565*(Nbr+1)
As proposed
71
Building
Component
Standard Reference Design
Proposed Design
where:
CFA = conditioned floor area
Nbr = number of bedrooms
Internal gains:
Gain = 17,900 + 23.8*CFA + 4104*Nbr
(Btu/day per dwelling unit)
ame as standard reference design
Internal mass:
n internal mass for furniture and contents of 8
pounds per square foot of floor area.
ame as standard reference design, plus
any additional mass specifically
designed as a thermal storage element
(g) but not integral to the building
envelope or structure.
Structural mass:
For masonry floor slabs, 80% of floor area
covered by R-2 carpet and pad, and 20% of
floor directly exposed to room air;
For masonry basement walls, as proposed, but
with insulation required by Table N1111.1
located on the interior side of the walls;
For other walls, for ceilings, floors, and interior
walls, wood frame construction.
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Heating systems
(h),(i)
uel type: same as proposed design
fficiencies:
ectric: air-source heat pump with prevailing
federal minimum efficiency
Non electric furnaces: natural gas furnace with
prevailing federal minimum efficiency
Non electric boilers: natural gas boiler with
prevailing federal minimum efficiency
Capacity: sized in accordance with Section
M1401.3 of the International Residential Code.
As proposed (i)
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
Cooling systems
(h),(k)
uel type: Electric
fficiency: in accordance with prevailing
federal minimum standards
apacity: sized in accordance with Section
M1401.3 of the International Residential
Code.
As proposed (k)
As proposed
As proposed
72
Building
Component
Standard Reference Design
Proposed Design
Service Water
Heating
uel type: same as proposed design
fficiency: in accordance with prevailing
Federal minimum standards
se (gal/day): 30 + 10*Nbr
ank temperature: 120 F
As proposed
As proposed
Same as standard reference
Same as standard reference
Thermal
distribution
systems:
thermal distribution system efficiency (DSE)
of 0.80 shall be applied to both the heating
and cooling system efficiencies.
ame as standard reference design,
except as specified by Table
N1113.5.2(2).
Thermostat
ype: manual, cooling temperature set
point = 78 F; heating temperature set
point = 68 F
ame as standard reference design
Notes:
(a) Glazing shall be defined as sunlight-transmitting fenestration, including the area of sash,
curbing or other framing elements, that enclose conditioned space. Glazing includes the area
of sunlight-transmitting fenestration assemblies in walls bounding conditioned basements.
For doors where the sunlight-transmitting opening is less than 50% of the door area, the
glazing area is the sunlight transmitting opening area. For all other doors, the glazing area is
the rough frame opening area for the door including the door and the frame.
(b) For residences with conditioned basements, R-2 and R-4 residences, and townhouses, the
following formula shall be used to determine glazing area:
AF = 0.18 x AFL x FA x F
where:
AF = Total glazing area.
AFL = Total floor area of directly conditioned space.
FA = (Above grade thermal boundary gross wall area)/(above grade boundary wall
area + 0.5 x below grade boundary wall area).
F = (Above grade thermal boundary wall area)/(above grade thermal boundary wall area
+ common wall area) or 0.56, whichever is greater.
And where:
Thermal boundary wall is any wall that separates conditioned space from unconditioned
space or ambient conditions.
Above grade thermal boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall component not in
contact with soil.
Below grade boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall in soil contact.
Common wall area is the area of walls shared with an adjoining dwelling unit.
(c) For fenestrations facing within 15 degrees of true south that are directly coupled to thermal
storage mass, the winter interior shade fraction shall be permitted to be increased to 0.95 in
the proposed design.
73
(d) Where Leakage Area (L) is defined in accordance with Section 5.1 of ASHRAE Standard
119 and where: SLA = L / CFA where L and CFA are in the same units.
(e) Tested envelope leakage shall be determined and documented by an independent party
approved by the code official. Hourly calculations as specified in the 2001 ASHRAE
Handbook of Fundamentals, Chapter 26, page 26.21, equation 40 (Sherman-Grimsrud
model) or the equivalent shall be used to determine the energy loads resulting from
infiltration.
(f) The combined air exchange rate for infiltration and mechanical ventilation shall be
determined in accordance with equation 43 of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
page 26.24 and the@ Whole-house Ventilation@ provisions of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals, page 26.19 for intermittent mechanical ventilation.
(g) Thermal Storage Element shall mean a component not part of the floors, walls or ceilings
that is part of a passive solar system, and that provides thermal storage such as enclosed
water columns, rock beds, or phase change containers. A thermal storage element must be in
the same room as fenestration that faces within 15 degrees of true south, or must be
connected to such a room with pipes or ducts that allow the element to be actively charged.
(h) For a proposed design with multiple heating, cooling or water heating systems using
different fuel types, then the applicable standard reference design system capacities and fuel
types shall be weighted in accordance with their respective loads as calculated by accepted
engineering practice for each equipment and fuel type present.
(i) For a proposed design without a proposed heating system, a heating system with the
prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference
design and proposed design. For electric heating systems the prevailing federal minimum
efficiency air-source heat pump shall be used for the standard reference design.
(j) For a proposed design home without a proposed cooling system, an electric air conditioner
with the prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard
reference design and the proposed design.
(k) For a proposed design with a non-storage type water heater, a 40-gallon storage-type water
heater with the prevailing Federal minimum Energy Factor for the same fuel as the
predominant heating fuel type shall be assumed. For the case of a proposed design without a
proposed water heater, a 40-gallon storage-type water heater with the prevailing federal
minimum efficiency for the same fuel as the predominant heating fuel type shall be assumed
for both the proposed design and standard reference design.
74
Notes:
(a) Default values given by this table are for untested distribution systems, which must still
meet minimum requirements for duct system insulation.
(b) Hydronic Systems shall mean those systems that distribute heating and cooling energy
directly to individual spaces using liquids pumped through closed loop piping and that do
not depend on ducted, forced air flows to maintain space temperatures.
(c) Entire system in conditioned space shall mean that no component of the distribution system,
including the air handler unit, is located outside of the conditioned space.
(d) Proposed Areduced leakage@ shall mean leakage to outdoors not greater than 3 cfm per 100
ft2 of conditioned floor area and total leakage not greater than 9 cfm per 100 ft2 of
conditioned floor area at a pressure differential of 25 Pascal across the entire system,
including the manufacturer=s air handler enclosure. Total leakage of not greater than 3 cfm
per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area at a pressure difference of 25 Pascal across the entire
system, including the manufacturer=s air handler enclosure, shall be deemed to meet this
requirement without measurement of leakage to outdoors. This performance shall be
specified as required in the construction documents and confirmed through field-testing of
installed systems as documented by an approved independent party.
(e) Ductless systems may have forced airflow across a coil but shall not have any ducted
airflows external to the manufacturer=s air handler enclosure.
(57) Section M1301.1.1, Flood-resistant installation.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AM1301.1.1 Flood-resistant installation. All references to Aareas prone to flooding@ in this chapter
Table N1113.5.2(2) Default Distribution System Efficiencies for Proposed Designs
(a)
Distribution System Configuration and Condition:
Forced
Air
Systems
Hydronic Systems (b)
Distribution system components located in
unconditioned space
0.80
0.95
Distribution systems entirely located in
conditioned space (c)
0.88
1.00
Proposed
Areduced leakage@ with entire air
distribution system located in the conditioned
space (d)
0.96
Proposed Areduced leakage@ air distribution
system with components located in the
unconditioned space
0.88
ADuctless@
systems (e)
1.00
75
shall be as established and regulated thereby in accordance with the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter
10, Flood Prevention and Protection.@
(58) Section, M1305.1.4.1 AGround clearance.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AM1305.1.4.1 Ground clearance. Appliances supported from the ground shall be level and firmly
supported on a concrete slab or other approved material extending above the adjoining ground a
minimum of 3 inches (76 mm). Appliances suspended from the floor shall have a clearance of not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) from the ground.@
(59) Section, M1401.3, ASizing.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AM1401.3 Sizing and testing. Heating and cooling equipment shall be sized based on building loads
calculated in accordance with ACCA Manual J or other approved heating and cooling calculation
methodologies. The total sensible capacity of the cooling equipment shall not exceed the total
sensible load by more than 15% for cooling-only applications; or by more than 25% for cold-climate
applications in accordance with the procedures in ACCA Manual J, 8th Edition, using thermal design
parameters in Table 302.1. All ducted air-distribution heating and cooling systems shall be sized
using cooling loads. All heating and cooling equipment shall be tested to ensure such equipment is
operating within the manufacturer=s recommended operating parameters and standards, including
within such parameters and standards for sufficient combustion, according to the applicable
protocols established by the building official and in accordance with the mechanical code adopted by
the City.@
(60) Section , AM1414.1 General.@ is hereby amended to read as follows:
AM1414.1General. Fireplace stoves shall be listed, labeled and installed in accordance with the
terms of the listing. Fireplace stoves shall be tested in accordance with UL 737. Wood burning
appliances shall meet the latest emission standards as stated by the State of Colorado and Federal
Regulation 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart AAA.@
(61) AChapter 15, AEXHAUST SYSTEMS@, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) A new section, AGENERAL@, is hereby added at the beginning of ACHAPTER 15, EXHAUST
SYSTEMS@, reading and numbered as follows:
ASECTION M1501 B GENERAL
M1501.1 Exterior discharge. The air removed by every ducted mechanical exhaust system shall be
discharged to the outdoors such that the exhausted air is not returned indoors by mechanical
ventilating systems. Indoor air shall not be exhausted into an attic, soffit, ridge vent or crawl space.
Exception: Whole-house ventilation-type attic fans that discharge into the attic space of dwelling
units having private attics shall be permitted.
76
M1501.2 Indoor depressurization. Ducted exhaust systems shall not induce or create a negative
pressure sufficient to cause backdrafting of naturally vented, open combustion-chamber, fuel-
burning appliances, or create negative pressure in excess of negative 3 Pa. in the immediate
proximity of combustion chambers of such appliances.@
(b) Existing ASection M1501 CLOTHES DRYERS EXHAUST@, is hereby amended by
renumbering and amended to read as follows:
ASECTION M1502 B CLOTHES DRYERS EXHAUST
M1502.1 General. Clothes dryer exhaust systems shall be independent of all other systems, shall
convey the moisture to the outdoors and shall terminate on the outside of the building. Exhaust duct
terminations shall be in accordance with the dryer manufacturer=s installation instructions. Screens
shall not be installed at the duct termination. Exhaust ducts shall not be connected with sheet-metal
screws or fastening means which extend into the duct. Exhaust ducts shall be equipped with a
backdraft damper. Exhaust ducts shall be constructed of minimum 0.016-inch-thick (0.406 mm)
rigid metal ducts, having smooth interior surfaces with joints running in the direction of air flow.
Flexible transition ducts used to connect the dryer to the exhaust duct system shall be limited to
single lengths, not to exceed 8 feet (2.438 m) in length and shall be listed and labeled in accordance
with UL 2158A. Transition ducts shall not be concealed within construction.
M1502.2 Exhaust duct size. The diameter of the exhaust duct shall be as required by the clothes
dryer=s listing and the manufacturer=s installation instructions.
M1502.3Length limitation. The maximum length of a clothes dryer exhaust duct shall not exceed
25 feet (7.62 m) from the dryer location to the wall or roof termination. The maximum length of the
duct shall be reduced 2.5 feet (0.762 m) for each 45-degree (0.79 rad) bend and 5 feet (1.524 m) for
each 90-degree (1.6 rad) bend. The maximum length of the exhaust duct does not include the
transition duct. Dryer exhaust duct terminations shall not be located within 36 inches (914 mm) of
exterior openings into conditioned spaces, crawl spaces, and attic spaces.
Exception: Where the make and model of the clothes dryer to be installed is known and the
manufacturer=s installation instructions for such dryer are provided to the building official, the
maximum length of the exhaust duct, including any transition duct, shall be permitted to be in
accordance with the dryer manufacturer=s installation instructions.@
(c) Subsequent sections AM1502@ through AM1506@ are retained intact except as necessary by
renumbering for sequential numerical consistency as follows:
1. ASECTION M1503 (et seq.) RANGE HOODS@
2. ASECTION M1504 (et seq.) INSTALLATION OF MICROWAVE OVENS@
3. ASECTION M1505 (et seq.) OVERHEAD EXHAUST HOODS@
4. ASECTION M1506 (et seq.) EXHAUST DUCTS@
77
5. ASECTION M1507 (et seq.) MECHANICAL VENTILATION@
(62) Section M1601.1, ADuct design.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AM1601.1 Duct design. Duct systems serving heating, cooling and ventilation equipment shall be
fabricated and sized in accordance with the provisions of this section and ACCA Manual D or other
approved methods.
M1601.1.1 Above-ground duct systems. Above-ground duct systems shall conform to the
following:
1. Equipment connected to duct systems shall be designed to limit discharge air temperature to
a maximum of 250F (121C).
2. Factory-made air ducts shall be constructed of Class 0 or Class 1 materials as designated in
Table M1601.1.1(1).
3. Fibrous duct construction shall conform to the SMACNA AFibrous Glass Duct Construction
Standards@ or NAIMA AFibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards.@
4. Minimum thicknesses of metal duct material shall be as listed in Table M1601.1.1(2).
Galvanized steel shall conform to ASTM A 525.
5. Gypsum products are permitted to be used to construct return air ducts or plenums, provided
that the air temperature does not exceed 125F(52C) and exposed surfaces are not subject to
condensation.
6. Duct systems shall be constructed of materials having a flame-spread index not greater than
200.
7. Stud wall cavities and the spaces between solid floor joists to be utilized as air plenums shall
comply with the following conditions:
7.1. Such cavities or spaces shall not be utilized as a plenum for supply air.
7.2. Such cavities or spaces shall not be part of a required fire-resistance-rated assembly.
7.3. Stud wall cavities shall not convey air from more than one floor level.
7.4. Stud wall cavities and joist space plenums shall be isolated from adjacent concealed
spaces by tight-fitting fire blocking in accordance with Section R602.8.
7.5 Stud wall cavities utilized as air plenums shall be tested for air-tightness and installed in
accordance with Section N1112.5.3.@
(63) Section M1601.3.8, AFlood hazard areas.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AM1601.3.8 Flood hazard areas. AAreas prone to flooding@ shall be as established in accordance
with the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter 10, Flood Prevention and Protection.@
(64) A new section, AM1601.3.9 System contamination.@, is hereby added to read as follows:
AM1601.3.9 Construction debris and contamination. Mechanical air-handling systems and their
related ducts shall be protected from the entrance of dirt, debris, and dust during the construction and
installation process. Prior to passing final inspection or issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, such
systems shall be substantially free of construction-related contaminants.@
78
(65) Section M1602.2, AProhibited sources.@, location number A5.@, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
A5. A room or space containing a fuel-burning appliance where such room or space serves as the sole
source of return air.
Exceptions:
1. The fuel-burning appliance is a direct-vent appliance
2. The room or space complies with the following requirements:
2.1. The return air shall be taken from a room or space having a volume exceeding 1
cubic foot for each 10 Btu/h (9.6 L/W) of combined input rating of all fuel-burning
appliances therein.
2.2 The volume of supply air discharged back into the same space shall be
approximately equal to the volume of return air taken from the space.
2.3. Return-air inlets shall not be located within 10 feet (3.048 m) of any appliance
firebox or draft hood in the same room or space.
3. Rooms or spaces containing solid-fuel burning appliances, provided that return-air
inlets are located not less than 10 feet (3.048 m) from the firebox of such
appliances.@
(66) Section G2401.1 (101.2,), AApplication.@, is hereby amended by deleting the exception to the
first paragraph thereto, indicated by strikeout text, as follows:
AException: As an alternative to the provisions of this code, fuel-gas piping systems, fuel-gas
utilization equipment and related accessories in existing buildings that are undergoing repairs,
alterations, changes in occupancy or construction of additions shall be permitted to comply with
the provisions of the International Existing Building Code.@
(67) Section G2404.7 (301.11), AFlood Hazard.@ , is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2404.7 (301.11) Flood Hazard. All references to Aareas prone to flooding@ in this code shall be in
accordance with the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter 10, Flood Prevention and Protection.@
(68) Section G2406.2 (303.3), AProhibited locations.@, is hereby amended by deleting exceptions
A3.@ and A4.@ thereto (indicated by the strikeout text below) with the remaining exceptions
A1.@, A2.@, and A5.@ renumbered in numerical sequence.
A3. A single wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff
system and installed in a bathroom, provided that the input rating does not exceed 6,000 Btu/h
(1.76kW) and the bathroom meets the required volume criteria of Section G2407.5.
4. A single wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff
system and installed in a bedroom, provided that the input rating does not exceed 10,000 Btu/h (2.93
kW) and the bedroom meets the required volume criteria of Section G2407.5.@
79
(69) Section G2407.5 (304.5), AIndoor combustion air.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2407.5 (304.5) Indoor combustion air. The required volume of indoor air shall be determined in
accordance with Section G2407.5.1 or G2407.5.2, when the air infiltration rate is demonstrated to be
0.40 air changes per hour (ACH) or greater. Where the air infiltration rate is demonstrated to be less
than 0.40 ACH, Section G2407.5.2 shall be used. The total required volume shall be the sum of the
required volume calculated for all appliances located within the space. Rooms communicating
directly with the space in which the appliances are installed through openings not furnished with
doors, and through combustion air openings sized and located in accordance with Section
G2407.5.3, are considered to be part of the required volume.@
(70) Section G2407.11 (304.11),@ Combustion air ducts.@, is hereby amended in the following
respects:
(a) The exception to Item, A1.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AException: Where the installation of galvanized steel ducts is not practical due to existing
finish materials within dwelling units that are undergoing alteration or reconstruction,
unobstructed stud and joist spaces shall not be prohibited from conveying combustion air,
provided that not more than one required fireblock is removed.@
(b) This section is hereby further amended by adding a new item, A9.@, thereto, to read as
follows:
A9.All combustion air openings or ducts shall be readily identifiable with an approved label or by
other means warning persons that obstruction of such openings or ducts may cause fuel-burning
equipment to release combustion products and dangerous levels of carbon monoxide into the
building.@
(71) Section G2408.2 (305.3), AElevation of ignition source.@, is hereby amended by deleting the
exception thereto as indicated by the strikeout text below, to read as follows:
AG2408.2 (305.3) Elevation of ignition source. Equipment and appliances having an ignition source
shall be elevated such that the source of ignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor
in hazardous locations and private garages. For the purpose of this section, rooms or spaces that are
not part of the living space of a dwelling unit and that communicate directly with a private garage
through openings shall be considered to be part of the private garage.
Exception: Elevation of the ignition source is not required for appliances that are listed as
flammable vapor resistant and for installation without elevation.@
(72) Section G2408.4 (305.7), AClearances from grade.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2408.4 (305.7) Clearances from grade. Equipment and appliances installed at grade level shall
80
be supported on a level concrete slab a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) thick or other approved
material extending above adjoining grade a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) or shall be suspended a
minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above adjoining grade.@
(73) Section G2409.4.5 (308.4.6), AClearance from supply ducts.@, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
AG2409.4.5 (308.4.6) Clearance from supply ducts. Central-heating furnaces where the bonnet
temperature exceeds 150 oF (68 oC), shall have the clearance from supply ducts within 3 feet (0.914
m) of the furnace plenum be not less than that specified from the furnace plenum. No clearance is
necessary beyond this distance.@
(74) Section G2415 (404), APIPING SYSTEM INSTALLATION@, is hereby amended in the
following respects:
(a) Section G2415.7 (404.7), AAbove-ground piping outdoors.@, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
AG2415.7 (404.7) Above-ground piping outdoors. All piping installed outdoors shall be
elevated not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above ground and where installed across roof surfaces,
shall be elevated not less than 3 1/2 inches (89 mm) above the roof surface. Piping installed
above ground, outdoors, and installed across the surface of roofs shall be securely supported and
located where it will be protected from physical damage. Where passing through an outside wall,
the piping shall also be protected against corrosion by coating or wrapping with an inert
material. Where piping is encased in a protective pipe sleeve, the annular space between the
piping and the sleeve shall be sealed.@
(b) Section G2415.9 (404.9), AMinimum burial depth.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2415.9 (404.9) Minimum burial depth. Underground piping systems shall be installed a
minimum depth of 18 inches (457 mm) below grade, except as provided for in Section
G2415.9.1.
G2415.9.1 (404.9.1) Individual outside appliances. Individual lines to outside lights, grills
or other appliances shall be installed a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) below finished
grade.
Exception: Approved materials installed a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) below
finished grade when covered with a concrete slab 4 inches (102 mm) in minimum
thickness.@
(c) Section G2415.12 (404.12), AOutlet closures.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2415.12 (404.12) Outlet closures. Gas outlets and fittings which allow for future gas line
81
expansion that do not connect to appliances shall be provided with an approved gas shutoff valve
with the end capped gas tight.
Exception: Drip/Dirt legs installed at the floor level at appliances.@
(75) Section G2416 (405), APiping Bends and Changes in Direction@ , is hereby amended in the
following respects:
(a) Section G2416.1 (405.1), AGeneral.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2416.1 (405.1) General. Changes in direction of rigid metallic pipe specified in G2414.4
shall be made only by the use of fittings and factory bends.@
(b) Section G2416.2 ( 405.2), AMetallic pipe.@ , is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2416.2 (405.2) Metallic pipe. Only factory bends in rigid metallic pipe specified in
G2414.4 shall be permitted.@
(76) Section G2417.4.1 (406.4.1) Test pressure. , is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2417.4.1 (406.4.1) Test pressure. The test pressure to be used shall be not less than one and one-
half times the proposed maximum working pressure, but not less than 10 psig (67 kPa guage)
irrespective of design pressure. Where the test pressure exceeds 125 psig (862 kPa gauge), the test
pressure shall not exceed a value that produces a hoop stress in the piping greater than 50 percent of
the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe.@
(77) The exception to Section G2420.5 (409.5), AEquipment shutoff valve.@, is hereby amended to
read as follows:
AException: Shutoff valves for vented decorative appliances and decorative appliances for
installation in vented fireplaces shall not be prohibited from being installed in an area remote from
the appliance where such valves are provided with ready access. Such valves shall be permanently
identified and shall serve no other equipment. Remote valves shall be operable on the same floor as
the appliance served and within 12 feet (3.658 m) of the appliance as measured along the floor line.
Piping from the shutoff valve to within 3 feet (0.914 m) of the appliance connection shall be sized in
accordance with Section G2413.@
(78) The first paragraph of Section G2421.3 (410.3), AVenting of regulators.@, is hereby amended
to read as follows:
AG2421.3 (410.3) Venting of regulators. Pressure regulators that require a vent shall have an
independent vent to the outside of the building. The vent shall be designed to prevent the entry of
water or foreign objects. Vents shall not terminate within 3 feet (0.916 m) of openings into the
building.@
82
(79) Section G2425.8 (501.8), AEquipment not required to be vented.@, is hereby amended by
deleting item A7.@ from the list of appliances therein (indicated in strikeout text) as follows:
A7. Room heaters listed for unvented use.@
(80) Section G2427.5.5.1 (503.5.6.1), AChimney lining.@, is hereby amended by deleting the
exception thereto indicated in strikeout text, and reads as follows:
AG2427.5.5.1 (503.5.6.1) Chimney lining. Chimneys shall be lined in accordance with Chapter 10.
Exception: Existing chimneys shall be permitted to have their use continued when an appliance
is replaced by an appliance of similar type, input rating, and efficiency.@
(81) Section G2439 (614), ACLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST@, is hereby amended in the following
respects:
(a) Section G2439.1 (614.1), AInstallation.@, is hereby amended to read as follows:
AG2439.1 (614.1) Installation. Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in accordance with the
manufacturer=s instructions. Dryer exhaust systems shall be independent of all other systems
and shall convey the moisture and any products of combustion to the outside of the building.
Dryer exhaust duct terminations shall not be located within 36 inches (914 mm) of exterior
openings into conditioned spaces, crawl spaces, and attic spaces.@
(b) Section G2439.5.1 (614.6.1), AMaximum length.@, is hereby amended to read as follows
AG2439.5.1 (614.6.1) Maximum length. The maximum length of a clothes dryer exhaust
duct shall not exceed 25 feet (7.620 m) from the dryer location to the outlet terminal. The
maximum length of the duct shall be reduced 2.5 feet (0.762 m) for each 45-degree (0.79
rad) bend and 5 feet (1.524 m) for each 90-degree (1.6 rad) bend.@
(82) Section G2445 (621), AUNVENTED ROOM HEATERS@, is hereby deleted in its entirety.
(83) Section G2447 (623), ACOOKING APPLIANCES@, is hereby amended with revised language
and by adding a new subsection, to read as follows:
ASECTION G2447 (623) COOKING APPLIANCES
G2447.1 (623.1) Cooking appliances. Cooking appliances that are designed for permanent
installation, including ranges, ovens, stoves, broilers, grills, fryers, griddles, hot plates and
barbecues, shall be tested in accordance with ANSI Z21.1 or ANSI Z21.58 and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer=s installation instructions.
G2447.2 (623.2) Prohibited location. Cooking appliances designed, tested, listed and labeled for
83
use in commercial occupancies may be installed within dwelling units or within any area where
domestic cooking operations occur, when installed in accordance with manufacturer=s listing
regarding clearance to combustibles. Overhead cabinets shall not be located above such appliances.@
G2447.3 (623.3) Domestic appliances. Cooking appliances installed within dwelling units and
within areas where domestic cooking operations occur shall be listed, labeled and installed in
accordance with manufacturer=s listing for clearance to combustibles.
G2447.4 (623.4) Range installation. Ranges installed on combustible floors shall be set on their
own bases or legs and shall be installed with clearances of not less than that shown on the label.
G2447.5 Kitchens with gas ovens shall be supplied with an exhaust system vented to the outside.
Ducts serving kitchen exhaust systems shall not terminate in an attic or crawl space or areas inside
the building and shall not induce or create a negative pressure in excess of negative 3 Pa or
adversely affect gravity-vented appliances.@
(84) Section G2451 630, AINFRARED RADIANT HEATERS@, is hereby amended by adding a
new subsection, G2451.3, AOutdoor locations.@, to read as follows:
AG2451.3 Outdoor locations. Infrared radiant heaters supplied by the premises fuel-gas piping
systems shall not be used for heating spaces outside of a building thermal envelope as defined in
Section N1107.5.@
(85) AAPPENDIX E, MANUFACTURED HOUSING USED AS DWELLINGS@, is hereby adopted
in its entirety.
(86) Appendix F, ARADON CONTROL METHODS@, is hereby adopted and amended in its
entirety to read as follows:
OPTION A B APASSIVE@ AAppendix F B RADON CONTROL METHODS
SECTION AF101 B TITLE, SCOPE AND PURPOSE
AF101.1 Title. These provisions shall be known as AAppendix Chapter F, the AFORT COLLINS
RADON RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION CODE FOR ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS@, and
shall be cited as such and will be referred to herein as Athis appendix@.
F101.2 Scope. The provisions of this appendix shall apply to new one- and two-family dwellings
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space (>detached@) and
multiple, attached single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three stories in height and
with each townhouse having its own separate means of egress.
AF01.3 Purpose. The purpose of this appendix is to provide minimum requirements to enhance the
public safety, health and general welfare, through construction methods designed and installed to
84
resist entry of radon gas into the occupied spaces of buildings regulated by this appendix.
SECTION AF102 B DEFINITIONS
AF102.1 General. For the purpose of these requirements, the terms used shall be defined as follows:
DWELLING UNIT, SINGLE-FAMILY DETACHED. An independent, nonattached building
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space, exclusively
containing one dwelling unit located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land
(site) bounded by property lines, and which parcel is deeded exclusively for such single-family
dwelling.
DWELLING UNIT, TWO-FAMILY DETACHED. An independent, nonattached building
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space, exclusively
containing two dwelling units located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land
(site) bounded by property lines, and which parcel is deeded exclusively for such two-family
dwelling.
FOUNDATION DRAIN SYSTEM. A continuous length of drain tile, perforated pipe, or filter mat
extending around all or part of the internal or external perimeter of a basement or crawl space
footing designed to collect and drain away excess subsurface water.
RADON. A naturally-occurring, chemically inert, radioactive gas that is not detectable by human
senses. As a gas, it can move readily through particles of soil and rock and can accumulate under the
slabs and foundations of homes where it can easily enter the living space through construction cracks
and openings.
SOIL-GAS-RETARDER. A continuous membrane of 6-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene or other
equivalent material used to retard the flow of soil gases into a building.
SUBFLOOR. A concrete slab and other approved permanent floor system that directly contacts the
ground and is within the walls of the living spaces of the building.
SUB-MEMBRANE DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEM. A system designed to achieve lower sub-
membrane air pressure relative to crawl space air pressure by use of a vent drawing air from beneath
the soil-gas-retarder membrane.
SUB-SLAB DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEM (Passive). A system designed to achieve lower
sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a vent pipe routed through the
conditioned space of a building and connecting the sub-slab area with outdoor air, thereby relying on
the convective flow of air upward in the vent to draw air from beneath the slab.
TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit constructed as part of a group of two or more
attached individual dwelling units, each of which is separated from the other from the foundation to
the roof and is located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land (site) bounded by
85
property lines, and which parcel is deeded exclusively for such single-family dwelling.
SECTION AF103 B REQUIREMENTS
AF103.1 General. The following required construction methods are intended to resist radon entry
and prepare the building for post-construction radon mitigation (see Figure AF102).
AF103.2 Subfloor preparation. A layer of gas-permeable material shall be placed under all
subfloors. The gas-permeable layer shall consist of one of the following methods except that where
fills of aggregate size less than that described in Method 1are used beneath a slab, Method 2,3, 4, or
5 must be used.
1. A uniform layer of clean aggregate, a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick. The aggregate
shall consist of material that will pass through a 2-inch (51 mm) sieve and be retained by a
1/4 -inch (6.4 mm) sieve. In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate sub-
grade areas, penetrations through the interior footing or barrier equal to a minimum of 12
square inches (0.094 m2) per 10 feet (3.048 m) of barrier length shall be provided. A
minimum of two penetrations shall be provided per separation and be evenly spaced along
the separation.
Exception: In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate the sub-grade area,
separate radon vent pipes may be installed for each sub-grade area as specified in Section
AF103.5.2 in lieu of penetrations through the barrier.
2. A foundation drain pipe system installed under concrete floor slab areas less than 2,000
square feet (186 m2), consisting of a continuous loop of minimum 3-inch (76 mm.) diameter
perforated pipe shall be laid in the sub-grade with the top of pipe located 1 inch (25.4 mm)
below the concrete slab. The pipe may be rigid or flexible but shall have perforations fully
around the circumference with a free air space equal to 1.83 square inches per square foot
(127 cm2/ m2) of exterior pipe surface area. Such pipe shall be wrapped with approved filter
material to prevent blocking of pipe perforations. The pipe loop shall be located inside of
the exterior perimeter foundation walls not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the
perimeter foundation walls. In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate
the sub-grade area, the loop of pipe shall penetrate, or pass beneath such interior footings or
barriers. For slab areas greater than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) but less than 4,000 square feet
(372 m2), the preceding configuration may be used provided a minimum of 4-inch diameter
(102 mm) pipe is installed. Slabs in excess of 4,000 square feet (372 m2) shall have under
them separate loops for every additional 2,000 square feet (186 m2) of slab area when 3-inch
(76 mm) diameter pipe is used; or, slabs may have separate loops provided for each
additional increment in area between 2,000 square feet (186 m2) and 4,000 square feet (372
m2) when 4-inch (102 mm) diameter pipe is used.
3. A foundation drain soil gas collection mat system installed under concrete floor slab areas of
2,000 square feet (186 m2) or less, consisting of a continuous rectilinear loop of soil gas
collection mat or drainage mat having minimum dimensions of 1 inch in height by 12 inches
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in width (25.4 mm in height x 305 mm in width) and a nominal cross-sectional air flow area
of 12 square inches (0.0078 m2) may be laid on top of the sub-grade. The mat shall be
constructed of a matrix that allows for the movement of air through it and be capable of
supporting the concrete placed upon it. The matrix shall be covered by approved filter
material on all four sides to prevent dirt or concrete from entering the matrix. All breaches
and joints in the filter material shall be repaired prior to the placement of the slab. The loop
shall be located inside the exterior perimeter foundation walls and within 12 inches (305
mm) from the perimeter foundation walls. In buildings where interior footings or other
barriers separate the sub-grade area, the mat shall penetrate these interior footings or barriers
to form a continuous loop around the exterior perimeter.
Slabs larger than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) but less than 4,000 square feet (372 m2) shall
have under them an additional strip of mat that bisects the loop forming two areas
approximately equally divided by the two halves of the rectilinear loop. Slabs larger than
4,000 square feet (372 m2) shall have separate loops for each 2,000 (186 m2) square feet; or,
increased to 4,000 square feet (372 m2) when a loop is bisected as specified in the preceding
configuration.
4. A uniform layer of sand (native or fill), a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick, overlain by a
layer or strips of geo-textile drainage matting designed to allow the lateral flow of soil gases.
5. Other materials, systems or floor designs with demonstrated capability to permit
depressurization across the entire sub-floor area.
AF103.3 Entry routes. Potential radon entry routes shall be closed in accordance with Sections
AF103.3.1 through AF103.3.11.
AF103.3.1 Floor openings. Openings around bathtubs, showers, water closets, pipes, wires or
other objects that penetrate concrete slabs or other floor assemblies shall be filled with a
polyurethane caulk or equivalent sealant applied in accordance with the manufacturer=s
recommendations.
AF103.3.2 Concrete joints. All control joints, isolation joints, construction joints and any other
joints in concrete slabs or between slabs and foundation walls shall be sealed with a caulk or
sealant. Gaps and joints shall be cleared of loose material and filled with polyurethane caulk or
other elastomeric sealant applied in accordance with the manufacturer=s recommendations.
AF103.3.3 Condensate drains. Condensate drains shall be trapped or routed through non-
perforated pipe to daylight.
AF103.3.4 Sumps. Sump pits open to soil or serving as the termination point for sub-slab or
exterior drain tile loops shall be covered with a gasketed or otherwise sealed lid. Sumps used as
the suction point in a sub-slab depressurization system shall have a lid designed to accommodate
the vent pipe. Sumps used as a floor drain shall have a lid equipped with a trapped inlet.
87
AF103.3.5 Foundation walls. Hollow block masonry foundation walls shall be constructed with
either a continuous course of solid masonry, one course of masonry grouted solid, or a solid
concrete beam at or above finished ground surface to prevent passage of air from the interior of
the wall into the living space. Where a brick veneer or other masonry ledge is installed, the
course immediately below that ledge shall be sealed. Joints, cracks or other openings around all
penetrations of both exterior and interior surfaces of masonry block or wood foundation walls
below the ground surface shall be filled with polyurethane caulk or equivalent sealant.
Penetrations of concrete walls shall be filled.
AF103.3.6 Dampproofing. The exterior surfaces of portions of concrete and masonry block
walls below the ground surface shall be damp-proofed in accordance with Section R406 of this
appendix.
AF103.3.7 Air-handling units. Air-handling units in crawl spaces shall be sealed to prevent air
from being drawn into the unit.
Exception: Units with gasketed seams or units that are otherwise sealed by the manufacturer
to prevent leakage.
AF103.3.8 Ducts. Ductwork passing through or beneath a slab shall be of seamless material
unless the air-handling system is designed to maintain continuous positive pressure within such
ducting. Joints in such ductwork shall be sealed to prevent air leakage. Ductwork located in
crawl spaces shall have all seams and joints sealed by closure systems in accordance with
Section M1601.3.1.
AF103.4 Sub-membrane depressurization system. In buildings with interior structural floors
directly above under-floor spaces containing exposed soil surfaces that are not protected by a sub-
slab depressurization system, the following components of a sub-membrane depressurization system
shall be installed during construction.
Exception: Buildings in which an approved mechanical ventilation system complying with
Section R408 or such other equivalent system that provides equivalent depressurization across
the entire sub-membrane area as determined by the building official is installed in the under-
floor spaces.
AF103.4.1Ventilation. Crawl spaces and similar under-floor spaces shall be provided with
ventilation complying with Section R408.
AF103.4.2 Soil-gas-retarder. The exposed soil in under-floor spaces shall be covered with a
continuous layer of minimum 6-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene soil-gas-retarder. Such ground
cover joints shall overlap 6 inches (152 mm) and be sealed or taped. The edges of the ground
cover shall extend a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) up onto all foundation walls enclosing the
under-floor space and shall be attached and sealed to foundation walls in an approved manner.
88
AF103.4.3 Vent pipe riser. A plumbing tee or other approved connection shall be inserted
horizontally beneath the sheeting and connected to a 3- or 4-inch-diameter (76 mm or 102 mm)
fitting with a vertical vent pipe installed through the sheeting. The vent pipe shall be extended up
through the building floors, terminate at least 12 inches (305 mm) above the roof in a location at
least 10 feet (3.048 m) away from any window or other opening into the conditioned spaces of
the building that is less than 2 feet (0.610 m) below the exhaust point, and 10 feet (3.048 m)
from any window or other opening in adjoining or adjacent buildings.
AF103.5 Sub-slab depressurization system. The following components of a sub-slab
depressurization system shall be installed during construction under basement or slab-on-grade
floors.
AF103.5.1 Vent pipe riser. A minimum 3-inch-diameter (76 mm) ABS, PVC or equivalent gas-
tight pipe shall be embedded vertically into the sub-slab aggregate or other permeable material
before the slab is cast. A AT@ fitting or equivalent method shall be used to ensure that the pipe
opening remains within the sub-slab permeable material. Alternatively, the 3-inch (76 mm) pipe
shall be inserted directly into an interior perimeter drain tile loop or through a sealed sump cover
where the sump is exposed to the sub-slab aggregate or connected to it through a drainage
system.
All vent pipes shall be extended up through the building floors, terminate at least 12 inches (305
mm) above the surface of the roof in a location at least 10 feet (3.048 m) away from any
window, air intake, or other opening into the conditioned spaces of the building that is less than
2 feet (0.610 m) below the exhaust point, and 10 feet (3.048 m) from any window or other
opening in adjoining or adjacent buildings. The discharge end of vent pipe terminations shall be
unobstructed and protected from small animal entry with a corrosion-resistant screen having
openings between 3 inch (6.4 mm) and 2 inch (12.7 mm).
AF103.5.2 Multiple vent pipes. In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate
the sub-slab aggregate or other gas-permeable material, each area shall be fitted with an
individual vent pipe. Vent pipes shall connect to a single vent that terminates above the roof or
each individual vent pipe shall terminate separately above the roof.
AF103.6 Vent pipe drainage. All components of the radon vent pipe system shall be installed to
provide positive drainage to the ground beneath the slab or soil-gas retarder.
AF103.7 Vent pipe accessibility. Radon vent pipes shall be accessible for fan installation through
an attic or other area outside the habitable space.
Exception: The radon vent pipe need not be accessible in an attic space where an approved roof-
top electrical supply is provided.
AF103.8 Vent pipe identification and notification. All exposed and visible interior radon vent
pipes shall be conspicuously identified with at least one label on each floor and in attics provided
89
with access openings. The label shall read substantially as follows: ARadon Reduction System.@ In
addition to the preceding label, a notice shall be placed in a conspicuous area near the vent pipe that
states the following:
ATHIS RADON REDUCTION SYSTEM IS NOT REQUIRED TO BE TESTED AND IS A
>PASSIVE= SYSTEM, RELYING ENTIRELY ON NATURAL VENTILATION.
OCCUPANTS ARE ADVISED TO TEST FOR RADON AND TAKE REMEDIAL ACTION
AS NECESSARY BY INSTALLING A CONTINUOUSLY-OPERATING FAN LOCATED IN
THE VENT PIPE AND CONNECTED TO THE NEARBY PROVIDED ELECTRICAL
OUTLET. Call 1-800-767-RADON FOR MORE INFORMATION.@
AF103.9 Combination foundations. Combination basement/crawl space or slab-on-grade/crawl
space foundations shall have separate radon vent pipes installed in each type of foundation area.
Each radon vent pipe shall terminate above the roof or shall be connected to a single vent that
terminates above the roof.
AF103.10 Building depressurization. Joints in air ducts and plenums in unconditioned spaces shall
be substantially air tight and permanently sealed with an approved sealant, mastic, or other approved
methods. Thermal envelope air infiltration requirements shall comply with the energy conservation
provisions in the energy conservation code currently enacted by the City. Firestopping shall be in
conformance with the most recent general building code enacted by the City or meet the
requirements contained in Section R602.8.
AF103.11 Provisions for future depressurization fan installation.
AF103.11.1 Sub-membrane depressurization systems. Permanent provisions shall be made for
the future installation of an in-line fan to be connected to every radon vent pipe. Such
designated fan locations shall be outside of the conditioned envelope of the building, such as in
the attic, garage and similar locations, excluding crawl spaces and other interior under-floor
spaces. Designated locations shall accommodate an unobstructed permanent cylindrical space
with the following minimum dimensions: 12 inches (305 mm) measured radially around the
radon vent pipe along a vertical distance of 30 inches (760 mm). Designated fan locations shall
be permanently accessible for servicing and maintenance. An electrical circuit shall be provided
within 4 feet (1.219 m) of and within sight from designated fan locations. Such circuit shall have
a means of positive disconnection and be terminated in an approved electrical outlet in
accordance with the applicable current electric code.
AF103.11.1.1 Depressurization fan system activation. When a passive system as
constructed in accordance with this appendix is to be converted to an active system, an
approved in-line fan shall be installed in a designated fan location as specified in Section
AF103.11.1. Additionally, an approved permanent electric light fixture and in-line pipe
couplings that facilitate fan replacement shall be provided. The in-line fan shall be designed
to operate continuously for a period of not less than five years and have a minimum air-flow
rating as established by the building official. A readily accessible manometer or other
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approved warning device that notifies occupants of a fan malfunction by a visible or audible
signal shall be installed within the dwelling unit. A separate permit shall be required for
installation of such fan when it is not installed at the time the building is originally approved
for occupancy.@
OPTION B B AACTIVE@ AAppendix F B RADON CONTROL METHODS
SECTION AF101 B TITLE, SCOPE AND PURPOSE
AF101.1 Title. These provisions shall be known as AAppendix Chapter F, the AFORT COLLINS
RADON RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION CODE FOR ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS@, and
shall be cited as such and will be referred to herein as Athis appendix@.
F101.2 Scope. The provisions of this appendix shall apply to new one- and two-family dwellings
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space (>detached@) and
multiple, attached single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three stories in height and
with each townhouse having its own separate means of egress.
AF01.3 Purpose. The purpose of this appendix is to provide minimum requirements to enhance the
public safety, health and general welfare, through construction methods designed and installed to
resist entry of radon gas into the occupied spaces of buildings regulated by this appendix.
SECTION AF102 B DEFINITIONS
AF102.1 General. For the purpose of these requirements, the terms used shall be defined as follows:
DWELLING UNIT, SINGLE-FAMILY DETACHED. An independent, nonattached building
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space, exclusively
containing one dwelling unit located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land
(site) bounded by property lines, and which parcel is deeded exclusively for such single-family
dwelling.
DWELLING UNIT, TWO-FAMILY DETACHED. An independent, nonattached building
completely separated from adjacent dwellings by unobstructed physical space, exclusively
containing two dwelling units located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land
(site) bounded by property lines, and which parcel is deeded exclusively for such two-family
dwelling.
FOUNDATION DRAIN SYSTEM. A continuous length of drain tile, perforated pipe, or filter mat
extending around all or part of the internal or external perimeter of a basement or crawl space
footing designed to collect and drain away excess subsurface water.
RADON. A naturally-occurring, chemically inert, radioactive gas that is not detectable by human
91
senses. As a gas, it can move readily through particles of soil and rock and can accumulate under the
slabs and foundations of homes where it can easily enter the living space through construction cracks
and openings.
SOIL-GAS-RETARDER. A continuous membrane of 6-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene or other
equivalent material used to retard the flow of soil gases into a building.
SUBFLOOR. A concrete slab and other approved permanent floor system that directly contacts the
ground and is within the walls of the living spaces of the building.
SUB-MEMBRANE DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEM. A system designed to achieve lower sub-
membrane air pressure relative to crawl space air pressure by use of a vent drawing air from beneath
the soil-gas-retarder membrane.
SUB-SLAB DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEM (Passive). A system designed to achieve lower
sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a vent pipe routed through the
conditioned space of a building and connecting the sub-slab area with outdoor air, thereby relying on
the convective flow of air upward in the vent to draw air from beneath the slab.
SUB-SLAB DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEM (Active). A system designed to achieve lower sub-
slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a fan-powered vent drawing air from
beneath the slab.
TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit constructed as part of a group of two or more
attached individual dwelling units, each of which is separated from the other from the foundation to
the roof and is located entirely on a separately recorded and platted parcel of land (site) bounded by
property lines, and which parcel is deeded exclusively for such single-family dwelling.
SECTION AF103 B REQUIREMENTS
AF103.1 General. The following required construction methods are intended to resist radon entry
and prepare the building for post-construction radon mitigation (see Figure AF102).
AF103.2 Subfloor preparation. A layer of gas-permeable material shall be placed under all
subfloors. The gas-permeable layer shall consist of one of the following methods except that where
fills of aggregate size less than that described in Method 1are used beneath a slab, Method 2,3, 4, or
5 must be used.
1. A uniform layer of clean aggregate, a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick. The aggregate shall
consist of material that will pass through a 2-inch (51 mm) sieve and be retained by a 1/4 -inch
(6.4 mm) sieve. In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate sub-grade areas,
penetrations through the interior footing or barrier equal to a minimum of 12 square inches
(0.094 m2) per 10 feet (3.048 m) of barrier length shall be provided. A minimum of two
penetrations shall be provided per separation and be evenly spaced along the separation.
92
Exception: In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate the sub-grade area,
separate radon vent pipes may be installed for each sub-grade area as specified in Section
AF103.5.2 in lieu of penetrations through the barrier.
2. A foundation drain pipe system installed under concrete floor slab areas less than 2,000 square
feet (186 m2), consisting of a continuous loop of minimum 3-inch (76 mm.) diameter perforated
pipe shall be laid in the sub-grade with the top of pipe located 1 inch (25.4 mm) below the
concrete slab. The pipe may be rigid or flexible but shall have perforations fully around the
circumference with a free air space equal to 1.83 square inches per square foot (127 cm2/ m2) of
exterior pipe surface area. Such pipe shall be wrapped with approved filter material to prevent
blocking of pipe perforations. The pipe loop shall be located inside of the exterior perimeter
foundation walls not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the perimeter foundation walls. In
buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate the sub-grade area, the loop of pipe
shall penetrate, or pass beneath such interior footings or barriers. For slab areas greater than
2,000 square feet (186 m2) but less than 4,000 square feet (372 m2), the preceding configuration
may be used provided a minimum of 4-inch diameter (102 mm) pipe is installed. Slabs in excess
of 4,000 square feet (372 m2) shall have under them separate loops for every additional 2,000
square feet (186 m2) of slab area when 3-inch (76 mm) diameter pipe is used; or, slabs may have
separate loops provided for each additional increment in area between 2,000 square feet (186 m2)
and 4,000 square feet (372 m2) when 4-inch (102 mm) diameter pipe is used.
3. A foundation drain soil gas collection mat system installed under concrete floor slab areas of
2,000 square feet (186 m2) or less, consisting of a continuous rectilinear loop of soil gas
collection mat or drainage mat having minimum dimensions of 1 inch in height by 12 inches in
width (25.4 mm in height x 305 mm in width) and a nominal cross-sectional air flow area of 12
square inches (0.0078 m2) may be laid on top of the sub-grade. The mat shall be constructed of a
matrix that allows for the movement of air through it and be capable of supporting the concrete
placed upon it. The matrix shall be covered by approved filter material on all four sides to
prevent dirt or concrete from entering the matrix. All breaches and joints in the filter material
shall be repaired prior to the placement of the slab. The loop shall be located inside the exterior
perimeter foundation walls and within 12 inches (305 mm) from the perimeter foundation walls.
In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate the sub-grade area, the mat shall
penetrate these interior footings or barriers to form a continuous loop around the exterior
perimeter.
Slabs larger than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) but less than 4,000 square feet (372 m2) shall have
under them an additional strip of mat that bisects the loop forming two areas approximately
equally divided by the two halves of the rectilinear loop. Slabs larger than 4,000 square feet (372
m2) shall have separate loops for each 2,000 (186 m2) square feet; or, increased to 4,000 square
feet (372 m2) when a loop is bisected as specified in the preceding configuration.
4. A uniform layer of sand (native or fill), a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick, overlain by a
layer or strips of geo-textile drainage matting designed to allow the lateral flow of soil gases.
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5. Other materials, systems or floor designs with demonstrated capability to permit
depressurization across the entire sub-floor area.
AF103.3 Entry routes. Potential radon entry routes shall be closed in accordance with Sections
AF103.3.1 through AF103.3.11.
AF103.3.1 Floor openings. Openings around bathtubs, showers, water closets, pipes, wires or
other objects that penetrate concrete slabs or other floor assemblies shall be filled with a
polyurethane caulk or equivalent sealant applied in accordance with the manufacturer=s
recommendations.
AF103.3.2 Concrete joints. All control joints, isolation joints, construction joints and any other
joints in concrete slabs or between slabs and foundation walls shall be sealed with a caulk or
sealant. Gaps and joints shall be cleared of loose material and filled with polyurethane caulk or
other elastomeric sealant applied in accordance with the manufacturer=s recommendations.
AF103.3.3 Condensate drains. Condensate drains shall be trapped or routed through non-
perforated pipe to daylight.
AF103.3.4 Sumps. Sump pits open to soil or serving as the termination point for sub-slab or
exterior drain tile loops shall be covered with a gasketed or otherwise sealed lid. Sumps used as
the suction point in a sub-slab depressurization system shall have a lid designed to accommodate
the vent pipe. Sumps used as a floor drain shall have a lid equipped with a trapped inlet.
AF103.3.5 Foundation walls. Hollow block masonry foundation walls shall be constructed with
either a continuous course of solid masonry, one course of masonry grouted solid, or a solid
concrete beam at or above finished ground surface to prevent passage of air from the interior of
the wall into the living space. Where a brick veneer or other masonry ledge is installed, the
course immediately below that ledge shall be sealed. Joints, cracks or other openings around all
penetrations of both exterior and interior surfaces of masonry block or wood foundation walls
below the ground surface shall be filled with polyurethane caulk or equivalent sealant.
Penetrations of concrete walls shall be filled.
AF103.3.6 Dampproofing. The exterior surfaces of portions of concrete and masonry block
walls below the ground surface shall be damp-proofed in accordance with Section R406 of this
appendix.
AF103.3.7 Air-handling units. Air-handling units in crawl spaces shall be sealed to prevent air
from being drawn into the unit.
Exception: Units with gasketed seams or units that are otherwise sealed by the manufacturer
to prevent leakage.
AF103.3.8 Ducts. Ductwork passing through or beneath a slab shall be of seamless material
unless the air-handling system is designed to maintain continuous positive pressure within such
ducting. Joints in such ductwork shall be sealed to prevent air leakage. Ductwork located in
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crawl spaces shall have all seams and joints sealed by closure systems in accordance with
Section M1601.3.1.
AF103.4 Sub-membrane depressurization system. In buildings with interior structural floors
directly above under-floor spaces containing exposed soil surfaces that are not protected by a sub-
slab depressurization system, the following components of a sub-membrane depressurization system
shall be installed during construction.
Exception: Buildings in which an approved mechanical ventilation system complying with
Section R408 of this appendix or such other equivalent system that provides equivalent
depressurization across the entire sub-membrane area as determined by the building official is
installed in the under-floor spaces.
AF103.4.1Ventilation. Crawl spaces and similar under-floor spaces shall be provided with
ventilation complying with Section R408.
AF103.4.2 Soil-gas-retarder. The exposed soil in under-floor spaces shall be covered with a
continuous layer of minimum 6-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene soil-gas-retarder. Such ground
cover joints shall overlap 6 inches (152 mm) and be sealed or taped. The edges of the ground
cover shall extend a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) up onto all foundation walls enclosing the
under-floor space and shall be attached and sealed to foundation walls in an approved manner.
AF103.4.3 Vent pipe riser. A plumbing tee or other approved connection shall be inserted
horizontally beneath the sheeting and connected to a 3- or 4-inch-diameter (76 mm or 102 mm)
fitting with a vertical vent pipe installed through the sheeting. The vent pipe shall be extended up
through the building floors, terminate at least 12 inches (305 mm) above the roof in a location at
least 10 feet (3.048 m) away from any window or other opening into the conditioned spaces of
the building that is less than 2 feet (0.610 m) below the exhaust point, and 10 feet (3.048 m)
from any window or other opening in adjoining or adjacent buildings.
AF103.5 Sub-slab depressurization system. The following components of a sub-slab
depressurization system shall be installed during construction under basement or slab-on-grade
floors.
AF103.5.1 Vent pipe riser. A minimum 3-inch-diameter (76 mm) ABS, PVC or equivalent gas-
tight pipe shall be embedded vertically into the sub-slab aggregate or other permeable material
before the slab is cast. A AT@ fitting or equivalent method shall be used to ensure that the pipe
opening remains within the sub-slab permeable material. Alternatively, the 3-inch (76 mm) pipe
shall be inserted directly into an interior perimeter drain tile loop or through a sealed sump cover
where the sump is exposed to the sub-slab aggregate or connected to it through a drainage
system.
All vent pipes shall be extended up through the building floors, terminate at least 12 inches (305
mm) above the surface of the roof in a location at least 10 feet (3.048 m) away from any
95
window, air intake, or other opening into the conditioned spaces of the building that is less than
2 feet (0.610 m) below the exhaust point, and 10 feet (3.048 m) from any window or other
opening in adjoining or adjacent buildings. The discharge end of vent pipe terminations shall be
unobstructed and protected from small animal entry with a corrosion-resistant screen having
openings between 3 inch (6.4 mm) and 2 inch (12.7 mm).
AF103.5.2 Multiple vent pipes. In buildings where interior footings or other barriers separate
the sub-slab aggregate or other gas-permeable material, each area shall be fitted with an
individual vent pipe. Vent pipes shall connect to a single vent that terminates above the roof or
each individual vent pipe shall terminate separately above the roof.
AF103.6 Vent pipe drainage. All components of the radon vent pipe system shall be installed to
provide positive drainage to the ground beneath the slab or soil-gas retarder.
AF103.7 Vent pipe accessibility. Radon vent pipes shall be accessible for fan installation through
an attic or other area outside the habitable space.
Exception: The radon vent pipe need not be accessible in an attic space where an approved roof-
top electrical supply is provided.
AF103.8 Vent pipe identification and notification. All exposed and visible interior radon vent
pipes shall be conspicuously identified with at least one label on each floor and in attics provided
with access openings. The label shall read substantially as follows: ARadon Reduction System.@ In
addition to the preceding label, a notice shall be placed in a conspicuous area near the vent pipe that
states the following:
ATHIS RADON REDUCTION SYSTEM IS NOT REQUIRED TO BE TESTED AND IS AN
>ACTIVE= SYSTEM, RELYING ON A CONTINUOUSLY-OPERATING FAN INSTALLED
IN THE VENT PIPE. OCCUPANTS ARE ADVISED TO TEST FOR RADON AND TAKE
FURTHER REMEDIAL ACTION AS NECESSARY. Call 1-800-767-RADON FOR MORE
INFORMATION.@
AF103.9 Combination foundations. Combination basement/crawl space or slab-on-grade/crawl
space foundations shall have separate radon vent pipes installed in each type of foundation area.
Each radon vent pipe shall terminate above the roof or shall be connected to a single vent that
terminates above the roof.
AF103.10 Building depressurization. Joints in air ducts and plenums in unconditioned spaces shall
be substantially air tight and permanently sealed with an approved sealant, mastic, or other approved
methods. Thermal envelope air infiltration requirements shall comply with the energy conservation
provisions in the energy conservation code currently enacted by the City. Firestopping shall be in
conformance with the most recent general building code enacted by the City or meet the
requirements contained in Section R602.8.
96
AF103.11 Depressurization fan installation standards. An in-line fan shall be connected to every
radon vent pipe. Such designated fan locations shall be outside of the conditioned envelope of the
building, such as in the attic, garage and similar locations, excluding crawl spaces and other interior
under-floor spaces. Designated locations shall accommodate an unobstructed permanent cylindrical
space with the following minimum dimensions: 12 inches (305 mm) measured radially around the
radon vent pipe along a vertical distance of 30 inches (760 mm). Designated fan locations shall be
permanently accessible for servicing and maintenance. An electrical circuit shall be provided within
4 feet (1.219 m) of and within sight from designated fan locations. Such circuit shall have a means of
positive disconnection and be terminated in an approved electrical outlet in accordance with the
applicable current electric code. An approved permanent electric light fixture and in-line pipe
couplings that facilitate fan replacement shall be provided. The in-line fan shall be designed to
operate continuously for a period of not less than five years and have a minimum air-flow rating as
established by the building official. A readily accessible manometer or other approved warning
device that notifies occupants of a fan malfunction by a visible or audible signal shall be installed
within the dwelling unit. A separate permit shall be required for installation of such fan when it is
not installed at the time the building is originally approved for occupancy.@
(87) AAPPENDIX G, SWIMMING POOLS, SPAS, AND HOT TUBS@, is hereby adopted in its
entirety.
(88) AAPPENDIX H, PATIO COVERS@, is hereby adopted in its entirety.
(89) AAPPENDIX J, EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES@, is hereby adopted in its
entirety.
Section 4. That all of the foregoing changes enacted by this Ordinance shall become
effective for implementation commencing January 1, 2005.
Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published in summary form
this 20th day of April A.D. 2004, and to be presented for final passage on the 4th day of May A.D.
2004.
_________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
_____________________________
City Clerk
Passed and adopted on final reading this 4th day of May, A.D. 2004.
97
_________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
_____________________________
City Clerk
ORDINANCE NO. 070, 2004
OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS
AMENDING CHAPTER 5, ARTICLE IV OF THE CITY CODE
FOR THE PURPOSE OF REPEALING THE 1991 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
AND ADOPTING THE 2003 INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE,
WITH AMENDMENTS AND ADOPTING THE 2003 INTERNATIONAL
FUEL GAS CODE, WITH AMENDMENTS
WHEREAS, the current mechanical code adopted by City is based on the
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE, 1991 EDITION, published by the International
Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), as enacted in March 1994; and
WHEREAS, ICBO has since merged with the other two nationally prominent
building-code promulgating organizations, Building Officials and Code Administrators
International, Inc. (BOCA) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI),
to form International Code Council (ICC); and
WHEREAS ICC jurisdiction members, following extensive deliberation, have
published the 2003 INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE as the ICC’s most recent
edition of a mechanical code regulating the design, installation, maintenance, alteration
and inspection of mechanical heating, cooling, and ventilating systems that are
permanently installed and utilized to provide control of environmental conditions and
related processes within buildings; and
WHEREAS, a Code Review Task Group (represented by code officials from the
City of Fort Collins and Larimer County, the heating and cooling industry in the Larimer
County region, the Home Builders’ Association of Northern Colorado, various product
suppliers, building science professionals from E-Star Colorado) has completed a review
of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE and the proposed amendments
thereto; and
WHEREAS, the Building Review Board has made certain recommendations with
respect to the adoption of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE and
proposed amendments, and
WHEREAS, the Council of the City of Fort Collins has determined that it is in the
best interest of the health, safety and welfare of the City and its citizens that the 2003
INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE, as amended be adopted.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITH
OF FORT COLLINS that Chapter 5, Article IV of the Code of the City of Fort Collins is
hereby amended in the following respects:
Section 1. That Sections 5-106 through 5-109 are hereby repealed and
Sections 5-106 through 5-108 are hereby reenacted to read as follows:
Sec. 5-106. Adoption of mechanical code standards.
Pursuant to the power and authority conferred on the City Council by
Section 31-16-202, C.R.S., and Article II, Section 7 of the Charter, the City
Council hereby adopts, as the mechanical code of the city, the 2003 International
Mechanical Code® (2003 IMC®) published by the International Code Council,
Inc., which shall have the same force and effect as though set forth herein in full.
The subject matter of the 2003 International Mechanical Code® (2003 IMC®)
adopted herein includes comprehensive provisions and standards regulating and
controlling the design, construction, installation, quality of materials, location,
operation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling and refrigeration
system, incinerators, miscellaneous heat-producing appliances the purposes of
protecting public health, safety, and general welfare.
Sec. 5-107. Amendments and deletions to code.
The 2003 International Mechanical Code® (2003 IMC®) published by the
International Code Council, Inc., adopted in Section 5-106 is hereby amended and
changed in the following respects:
(1) Section 101.2, “Scope.”, is hereby amended by deleting exception “2.”, thereto
indicated in strikeout text as follows:
“2. Mechanical systems in existing buildings undergoing repair, alterations, or additions,
and change of occupancy shall be permitted to comply with the International Existing
Building Code.”
(2) Section 102.8, “Referenced codes and standards.”, is hereby amended by adding
the following new subsections:
“102.8.1 All references to the International Building Code shall mean the current general
building code enacted by the City.
102.8.2 All references to the International Plumbing Code shall mean current plumbing
code in effect in the City.
102.8.3 All references to the International Fire Code shall mean the current fire code
enacted by the City.
102.8.4 All references to “flood hazard” shall refer to the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter
10, Flood Prevention and Protection.”
(3) Section R103 is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:
“SECTION R103 – CODE ADMINISTRATION
R103.1 Entity charged with code administration. The Building and Zoning
Department as established by the CODE OF THE CITY, is hereby charged with the
administration and enforcement of this code.
R103.2 Building official. The building official is charged with the administration of this
code, and in the performance of said duties may delegate the necessary authority to the
appropriate technical, administrative, and compliance staff under the supervision of the
building official.”
(4) Section, 106, “PERMITS.”, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) Section, 106.3, “Application for permit.”, is hereby amended by adding
a new subsection, “106.3.2 Time limit of application.”, to read as follows:
“106.3.2 Time limitation of application. Applications for which a permit has not
been issued within 90 days following the date of application shall automatically
expire and plans submitted for code-compliance review may thereafter be returned to
the applicant or destroyed by the building official. The building official may extend
the time for action by the applicant for a period not exceeding 90 days, upon receipt
of a written request by the applicant showing that circumstances beyond the control
of the applicant have prevented action from being taken. In order to renew action on
an application after expiration, the applicant shall resubmit plans and plan review fee
as provided in this Code.
Exception: For applications to construct affordable housing units as defined in
Section 26-631 of the CODE OF THE CITY, such expiration shall occur when a
permit has not been issued within 180 days following the date of permit
application.”
(b) Subsection 106.4.3, “Expiration.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“106.4.3 Permit expiration and incompletion of authorized work. Every permit
issued, both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, shall become
invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is commenced within 180 days
after its issuance, or if the work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned
for a period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. The building official
is authorized to grant, in writing, extensions of time, for periods not more than 180
days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause
demonstrated. No more than two such extensions may be granted by the building
official without the permit holder first requesting and being granted the additional
extension(s) by the Building Review Board pursuant to Section R112 of the
International Residential Code as adopted by the City.
Both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, any work authorized
by a permit regulated by this code or any other building construction code
administered by the building official that involves the construction or alteration of an
exterior building component, assembly or finish material, such as the foundation, wall
and roof framing, sheathing, siding, fenestration, and roof covering, shall be fully
finished and completed for permanent outdoor exposure within 24 months of date of
this issuance of such permit, regardless of when then permit was issued. Failure to
comply with the preceding specified time-period shall constitute a violation of this
code, resulting in revocation of the permit and subject the permit holder and property
owner to all penalties provided by the CODE OF THE CITY. No such revoked
permit may be reinstated or a new permit issued therefore without the property owner
or permit holder first requesting and being granted such reinstatement or issuance of a
new permit by the Building Review Board pursuant to Section R112 of the
International Residential Code as adopted by the City
(c) Subsection 106.5, “Fees.”, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as
follows:
“106.5. Fees. No permit or amendments thereto and related construction plans
therefor shall be valid until the fees prescribed by the City Manager pursuant to
Chapter 7.5, ARTICLE I of the CODE OF THE CITY, entitled,
“ADMINISTRATIVE FEES”, have been paid.
106.5.1 Work commencing before permit issuance. In addition to penalties set
forth in Section 108.4, any person or firm who, before obtaining the necessary
permit(s), commences any construction of, or work on, a building, structure,
electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system that is not otherwise exempted
from obtaining a permit, shall be subject to a processing and penalty fee in
addition to the standard prescribed permit fee. Such additional fee shall be equal
to the permit fee, except that such fee shall not be less than fifty dollars ($50) nor
more than one thousand dollars ($1,000). A person or firm committing the same
such violation repeatedly is subject to processing and penalty fees equal to double
the amount of the permit fee or double the amount of the preceding violation,
whichever is greater, for every same such subsequent violation committed
thereafter within any 180-day period. The foregoing fees may be appealed to the
City manager pursuant to Chapter 2, Article VI of the Code of the City.
106.5.2 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction, alteration,
removal or demolition for work done in connection with or concurrently with the
work authorized by a permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit
from the payment of other fees that are prescribed by law.
106.5.3 Fee refunds. The City Manager may authorize the refunding of any fee
paid hereunder that was erroneously paid or collected. The building official may
authorize the refunding of 80% of a plan review fee or building permit fee to the
applicant who paid such fee pursuant to this section, provided the plan review or
work authorized under a permit issued in accordance with this Code is withdrawn
or cancelled and has not commenced and provided such plan review or permit is
valid and not expired as set forth in this section. Prior to authorizing the refunding
of any fee paid to the original applicant or permitee, a written request from such
party must be submitted to the City within 180 days of the date of the fee
payment.”
(5) Section 108.4, “Violation penalties.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“108.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall
fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or
repair mechanical work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive
of the code official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor subject to the penalties and fines pursuant to Section 1-
15 of the CODE OF THE CITY, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000.00 dollars,
or by imprisonment not exceeding 180 days, or both such fine and imprisonment. Each
day that a violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate
offense.”
(6) Section 109, “MEANS OF APPEAL”, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as
follows:
“109.1 Application for appeal. All appeals of a decision of the building official shall be
made to the Building Review Board established in Section 2-117 of the CODE OF THE
CITY and as set forth in Section R112 of the International Residential Code adopted by
the City.
(7) Section 303.3, “Prohibited locations.”, is hereby amended by deleting exceptions
“3.” and “4.” thereto (indicated by the strikeout text below) with the remaining
exceptions “1.”, “2.”, and “5.” renumbered in numerical sequence.
“3. A single wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion
safety shutoff system and installed in a bathroom, provided that the input rating does not
exceed 6,000 Btu/h (1.76kW) and the bathroom meets the required volume criteria of
Section 304.5.
4. A single wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion
safety shutoff system and installed in a bedroom, provided that the input rating does not
exceed 10,000 Btu/h (2.93 kW) and the bedroom meets the required volume criteria of
Section 304.5.”
(8) Section 304.9, “Clearances from grade.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“304.9 Clearances from grade. Equipment and appliances installed at grade level shall
be supported by and placed on a level concrete slab or other approved material extending
a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) above adjoining grade or shall be suspended a minimum
of 6 inches (152 mm) above adjoining grade.”
(9) Section 406.1, “General.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“406.1 General. Uninhabited spaces such as crawl spaces and attics shall be provided
with natural ventilation openings as required by the current general building code enacted
by the City or shall be provided with a mechanical exhaust and supply air system as
prescribed in Section R408 or R806, whichever is applicable, of the 2003
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE adopted by the City.”
(10) Section 504, “CLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST.”, is hereby amended in the
following respects:
(a) Subsection 504.1, “Installation.”, is hereby amended by deleting the exception
thereto, indicated in strikeout text, as follows:
“504.1 Installation. Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. Dryer exhaust systems shall be independent of all other
systems and shall convey the moisture and any products of combustion to the outside
of the building.
Exception: This section shall not apply to listed and labeled condensing (ductless)
clothes dryers.”
(b) Subsection 504.6.1, “Maximum length.”, is hereby amended by adding new
language and deleting the exception thereto, indicated in strikeout text, as follows:
504.6.1 Length limitation and termination. The maximum length of a clothes dryer
exhaust duct shall not exceed 25 feet (7.62 m) from the dryer location to the wall or
roof termination. The maximum length of the duct shall be reduced 2.5 feet (0.762 m)
for each 45-degree (0.79 rad) bend and 5 feet (1.524 m) for each 90-degree (1.6 rad)
bend. The maximum length of the exhaust duct does not include the transition duct.
Dryer exhaust duct terminations shall not be located within 36 inches (914 mm) of
exterior openings into conditioned spaces, crawl spaces, and attic spaces.
Exception:
Where the make and model of the clothes dryer to be installed is known and the
manufacturer’s installation instructions for such dryer are provided to the building
official, the maximum length of the exhaust duct, including any transition duct, shall be
permitted to be in accordance with the dryer manufacturer’s installation instructions.”
(11) Section 506.3.10, “Grease duct enclosure.”, is hereby amended by deleting the
second exception thereto, indicated in strikeout text, as follows:
“2. A duct enclosure shall not be required for a grease duct that penetrates only a non
fire-resistance-rated roof/ceiling assembly.”
(12) Section 507.2.1, “Type I hoods.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“507.2.1 Type I hoods. Type I hoods shall be installed where cooking appliances
produce grease or smoke, such as occurs with griddles, fryers, broilers, ranges and wok
ranges.”
(13) Section 512, “SUBSLAB SOIL EXHAUST SYSTEMS”, is hereby amended in its
entirety to read as follows:
“SECTION 512 – SUBSLAB SOIL EXHAUST SYSTEMS
512.1 General. When a subslab soil exhaust system is provided, the duct for such system
shall conform to the requirements of Appendix Chapter F of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL
RESIDENTIAL CODE, ‘The FORT COLLINS RADON RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
CODE FOR ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS’, Sections, AF103.2, AF103.5.1,
and AF103.5.2. ”
(14) Section 602, “PLENUMS”, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) Subsection 602.2, “Construction.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“602.2 Construction. Plenum enclosures shall be constructed of materials permitted
for the type of construction classification of the building. The use of gypsum boards
to form plenums shall be limited to dwelling units with systems where the air
temperatures do not exceed 125 oF (52 oC) and the building and mechanical system
design conditions are such that the gypsum board surface temperature will be
maintained above the air stream dew-point temperature. Air plenums formed by
gypsum boards shall not be incorporated in air-handling systems utilizing evaporative
coolers.”
(b) Subsection 602.1.5.1, “Separation required.”, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
“602.2.1.5.1 Separation required. The foam plastic insulation shall be separated
from the plenum by an approved thermal barrier having an index of 15 when tested in
accordance with UBC Standard 26-2.”
(c) Section 602.3, “Stud cavity and joist space plenums.”, is hereby amended to read
as follows:
“602.3 Stud cavity and joist space plenums. Combustible studwall cavities and the
spaces between solid floor joists shall not be utilized as air plenums.
Exception: Combustible studwall cavities within dwelling units may be used as
plenums provided they comply with the following conditions:
1. Such cavities or spaces shall not be utilized as a plenum for supply air.
2. Such cavities or spaces shall not be part of a required fire-resistance-rated
assembly.
3. Stud wall cavities shall not convey air from more than one floor level.
4. Stud wall cavities and joist space plenums shall comply with the floor
penetration protection requirements of the current general building code enacted
by the City.
5. Studwall cavities and joist space plenums shall be isolated from adjacent
concealed spaces by approved fireblocking as required in the current general
building code enacted by the City.
6. Such cavities are tested for air-tightness in accordance with Section N1112.5.3
of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE as adopted by the City.”
(15) Section 603, “DUCT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION”, is hereby
amended in the following respects:
(a) Subsection 603.2, “Duct sizing.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“603.2 Duct sizing. Ducts installed within a single dwelling unit shall be sized in
accordance with ACCA Manual D or other approved methods and installed in
accordance with Section M1601.1 of the 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL
CODE as adopted by the City. Ducts installed within all other buildings shall be sized
in accordance with the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals or other equivalent
computation procedure.”
(b) New subsection 603.18, “ Duct protection during construction.”, is hereby added,
reading as follows:
“603.18. Construction debris and contamination. Mechanical air-handling systems
and their related ducts shall be protected from the entrance of dirt, debris, and dust
during the construction and installation process. Prior to passing final inspection or
issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, such systems shall be substantially free of
construction-related contaminants.”
(16) Section 607.4, “Access and identification.: is hereby amended to read as follows:
“607.4 Access and identification. Fire and smoke dampers shall be provided with an
approved means of access, large enough to permit inspection and maintenance of the
damper and its operating parts. The access shall not affect the integrity of fire-resistance-
rated assemblies. The access openings shall not reduce the fire-resistance rating of the
assembly. Access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior of the damper and
located without the removal of finish ceiling works by a label having red letters not less
than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in height reading: SMOKE DAMPER or FIRE DAMPER.
Access doors in ducts shall be tight fitting and suitable for the required duct
construction.”
(17) Section 708, “COMBUSTION AIR DUCTS”, is hereby amended in the following
respects:
(a) The exception to Item, “ 1.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“Exception: Where the installation of galvanized steel ducts is not practical due
to existing finish materials within dwelling units that are undergoing alteration or
reconstruction, unobstructed stud and joist spaces shall not be prohibited from
conveying combustion air, provided that not more than one required fireblock is
removed.”
(b) This section is hereby further amended by adding a new item, “9.”, thereto,
which reads as follows:
“9. All combustion air openings or ducts shall be readily identifiable with an
approved label or by other means warning persons that obstruction of such
openings or ducts may cause fuel-burning equipment to release combustion
products and dangerous levels of carbon monoxide into the building.”
(18) Section 709, “OPENING OBSTRUCTIONS”, is hereby amended by changing
language and adding new Subsection, “709.3 Fire/Smoke dampers.”, with the
entire section reading as follows:
“SECTION 709 – OPENING OBSTRUCTIONS
709.1 General. The required size of openings for combustion and dilution air shall be
based on the net free area of each opening. The net free area of an opening shall be that
specified by the manufacturer of the opening covering. In the absence of such
information, openings covered with metal louvers shall be deemed to have a net free area
of 75 percent of the area of the opening, and openings covered with wood louvers shall
be deemed to have a net free area of 25 percent of the area of the opening. Louvers and
grills shall be fixed in the open position.
Exception: Louvers interlocked with the appliance so that they are proven to be in the
full open position prior to main burner ignition and during main burner operation.
Means shall be provided to prevent the main burner from igniting if the louvers fail to
open during burner startup and to shut down the main burner if the louvers close
during operation.
709.2 Dampered openings. Where the combustion air openings are provided with
volume dampers, such dampers shall be electrically interlocked with the firing cycle of
the appliances served, so as to prevent operation of any appliance that draws combustion
and dilution air from the room when any of the dampers are closed. Manually operated
dampers shall not be installed in combustion air openings.
709.3 Fire/Smoke dampers. Combustion air duct shall not be run through walls or
ceilings required to be fire/smoke dampered.”
(19) Section 801.19, “Multistory prohibited.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“801.19 Multistory prohibited. Common venting systems for appliances located on
more than one floor level shall be prohibited, except engineered systems where all of the
appliances served by the common vent are located in rooms or spaces that are accessed
only from the outdoors. The appliance enclosures shall not communicate with the
occupiable areas of the building.”
(20) Section 903, “FACTORY-BUILT FIREPLACES”, is hereby amended by adding
new subsection, “903.1.1 Solid fuel fireplaces and appliances.”, and deleting
section “903.3 Unvented gas log heaters.”, resulting in the entire section amended
to read as follows:
“SECTION 903 – FACTORY-BUILT FIREPLACES
903.1 General. Factory-built fireplaces shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed
in accordance with the conditions of the listing. Factory-built fireplaces shall be tested in
accordance with UL 127.
903.1.1 Solid fuel fireplaces and appliances. Solid fuel fireplaces, fireplace stoves and
solid-fuel-type room heaters shall also comply with Section 5-110 of the Code of the
City.
903.2 Hearth extensions. Hearth extensions of approved factory-built fireplaces and
fireplace stoves shall be installed in accordance with the listing of the fireplace. The
hearth extension shall be readily distinguishable from the surrounding floor area.”
(21) Remaining Chapters 10 through 14 are hereby adopted without revisions as
published.
Sec. 5-108. Definitions.
The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this Article and the
code adopted in §5-106, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this Section:
Whenever the word municipality, jurisdiction or city is used, it shall mean the
City of Fort Collins.
Whenever the term Building Official is used, it shall be synonymous with Director
of Building and Zoning or authorized representative.
Section 2. That the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended by the
addition of a new Section 5-115 which shall read in its entirety as follows:
Sec. 5-115. Adoption of standards for fuel-gas piping, equipment, and
accessories.
"Pursuant to the power and authority conferred on the City Council
by Section 31-16-202, C.R.S., and Article II, Section 7 of the Charter, the City
Council hereby adopts as the fuel gas code of the city, the 2003 International Fuel
Gas Code® (2003 IFGC®) published by the International Code Council, Inc.,
which shall have the same force and effect as though set forth herein in full. The
subject matter of the 2003 International Fuel Gas Code® (2003 IFGC®) adopted
herein includes comprehensive regulations governing the design, installation,
maintenance, alteration and inspection of fuel-gas piping systems, fuel-gas
utilization equipment and related accessories for the purposes of protecting public
health, safety, and general welfare."
Section 3. That the Code of the City of Fort Collins is hereby amended by the
addition of a new Section 5-116 which shall read in its entirety as follows:
Sec. 5-116. Amendments and deletions to code.
The 2003 International Fuel Gas Code® (2003 IFGC®) published
by the International Code Council, Inc., adopted in §5-115 is hereby amended and
changed in the following respects:
(22) Section 101.2, “Scope.”, is hereby amended by deleting exception “2.”, thereto
indicated in strikeout text as follows:
“2. As an alternative to the provisions of this code, fuel-gas piping systems, fuel-
gas utilization equipment and related accessories in existing buildings that
are undergoing repairs, alterations, changes in occupancy or construction of
additions shall be permitted to comply with the provisions of the
International Existing Building Code.”
(23) Section 102.8, “Referenced codes and standards.”, is hereby amended by adding
the following new subsections:
“102.8.1 All references to the International Building Code shall mean the current general
building code enacted by the City.
102.8.2 All references to the International Plumbing Code shall mean current plumbing
code in effect in the City.
102.8.3 All references to the International Fire Code shall mean the current fire code
enacted by the City.
102.8.4 All references to “flood hazard” shall refer to the CODE OF THE CITY, Chapter
10, Flood Prevention and Protection.”
(3) Section R103 is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:
“SECTION R103 – CODE ADMINISTRATION
R103.1 Entity charged with code administration. The Building and Zoning
Department as established by the CODE OF THE CITY, is hereby charged with the
administration and enforcement of this code.
R103.2 Building official. The building official is charged with the administration of this
code, and in the performance of said duties may delegate the necessary authority to the
appropriate technical, administrative, and compliance staff under the supervision of the
building official.”
(4) Section, 106, “PERMITS.”, is hereby amended in the following respects:
(a) Section, 106.3, “Application for permit.”, is hereby amended by adding a
new subsection, “106.3.2 Time limit of application.”, to read as follows:
“R106.3.2 Time limitation of application. Applications for which a permit has not
been issued within 90 days following the date of application shall automatically
expire and plans submitted for code-compliance review may thereafter be returned to
the applicant or destroyed by the building official. The building official may extend
the time for action by the applicant for a period not exceeding 90 days, upon receipt
of a written request by the applicant showing that circumstances beyond the control
of the applicant have prevented action from being taken. In order to renew action on
an application after expiration, the applicant shall resubmit plans and plan review fee
as provided in this Code.
Exception: For applications to construct affordable housing units as defined in
Section 26-631 of the CODE OF THE CITY, such expiration shall occur when a
permit has not been issued within 180 days following the date of permit
application.”
(b) Subsection 106.4.3, “Expiration.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“106.4.3 Permit expiration and incompletion of authorized work. Every permit
issued, both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, shall become
invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is commenced within 180 days
after its issuance, or if the work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned
for a period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. The building official
is authorized to grant, in writing, extensions of time, for periods not more than 180
days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause
demonstrated. No more than two such extensions may be granted by the building
official without the permit holder first requesting and being granted the additional
extension(s) by the Building Review Board pursuant to Section R112 of the
International Residential Code as adopted by the City.
Both prior to and subsequent to the effective date of this code, any work authorized
by a permit regulated by this code or any other building construction code
administered by the building official that involves the construction or alteration of an
exterior building component, assembly or finish material, such as the foundation, wall
and roof framing, sheathing, siding, fenestration, and roof covering, shall be fully
finished and completed for permanent outdoor exposure within 24 months of date of
this issuance of such permit, regardless of when then permit was issued. Failure to
comply with the preceding specified time-period shall constitute a violation of this
code, resulting in revocation of the permit and subject the permit holder and property
owner to all penalties provided by the CODE OF THE CITY. No such revoked
permit may be reinstated or a new permit issued therefor without the property owner
or permit holder first requesting and being granted such reinstatement or issuance of a
new permit by the Building Review Board pursuant to Section R112 of the
International Residential Code as adopted by the City
(c) Subsection 106.5, “Fees.”, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as
follows:
“106.5. Fees. No permit or amendments thereto and related construction plans
therefor shall be valid until the fees prescribed by the City Manager pursuant to
Chapter 7.5, ARTICLE I of the CODE OF THE CITY, entitled,
“ADMINISTRATIVE FEES”, have been paid.
106.5.1 Work commencing before permit issuance. In addition to penalties set
forth in Section 108.4, any person or firm who, before obtaining the necessary
permit(s), commences any construction of, or work on, a building, structure,
electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system that is not otherwise exempted
from obtaining a permit, shall be subject to a processing and penalty fee in
addition to the standard prescribed permit fee. Such additional fee shall be equal
to the permit fee, except that such fee shall not be less than fifty dollars ($50) nor
more than one thousand dollars ($1,000). A person or firm committing the same
such violation repeatedly is subject to processing and penalty fees equal to double
the amount of the permit fee or double the amount of the preceding violation,
whichever is greater, for every same such subsequent violation committed
thereafter within any 180-day period. The foregoing fees may be appealed to the
City manager pursuant to Chapter 2, Article VI of the Code of the City.
106.5.2 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction, alteration,
removal or demolition for work done in connection with or concurrently with the
work authorized by a permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit
from the payment of other fees that are prescribed by law.
106.5.3 Fee refunds. The City Manager may authorize the refunding of any fee
paid hereunder that was erroneously paid or collected. The building official may
authorize the refunding of 80% of a plan review fee or building permit fee to the
applicant who paid such fee pursuant to this section, provided the plan review or
work authorized under a permit issued in accordance with this Code is withdrawn
or cancelled and has not commenced and provided such plan review or permit is
valid and not expired as set forth in this section. Prior to authorizing the refunding
of any fee paid to the original applicant or permitee, a written request from such
party must be submitted to the City within 180 days of the date of the fee
payment.”
(5) Section 108.4, “Violation penalties.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“108.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall
fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or
repair mechanical work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive
of the code official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor subject to the penalties and fines pursuant to Section 1-
15 of the CODE OF THE CITY, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000.00 dollars,
or by imprisonment not exceeding 180 days, or both such fine and imprisonment. Each
day that a violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate
offense.”
(6) Section 303.3, “Prohibited locations.”, is hereby amended by deleting exceptions
“3.” and “4.” thereto (indicated by the strikeout text below) with the remaining
exceptions “1.”, “2.”, and “5.” renumbered in numerical sequence.
“3. A single wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion
safety shutoff system and installed in a bathroom, provided that the input rating does not
exceed 6,000 Btu/h (1.76kW) and the bathroom meets the required volume criteria of
Section 304.5.
4. A single wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion
safety shutoff system and installed in a bedroom, provided that the input rating does not
exceed 10,000 Btu/h (2.93 kW) and the bedroom meets the required volume criteria of
Section 304.5.”
(7) Section 304.5, “Indoor combustion air.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“304.5 Indoor combustion air. The required volume of indoor air shall be determined in
accordance with Section 304.5.1 or 304.5.2, when the air infiltration rate is demonstrated
to be 0.40 air changes per hour (ACH) or greater. Where the air infiltration rate is
demonstrated to be less than 0.40 ACH, Section 304.5.2 shall be used. The total required
volume shall be the sum of the required volume calculated for all appliances located
within the space. Rooms communicating directly with the space in which the appliances
are installed through openings not furnished with doors, and through combustion air
openings sized and located in accordance with Section 304.5.3, are considered to be part
of the required volume.”
(8) Section 304.11, “Combustion air ducts.”, is hereby amended in the following
respects:
(a) The exception to Item,”1”, is hereby amended to read as follows;
“Exception: Where the installation of galvanized steel ducts is not practical due to
existing finish materials within dwelling units that are undergoing alteration or
reconstruction, unobstructed stud and joist spaces shall not be prohibited from
conveying combustion air, provided that not more than one required fireblock is
removed.”
(b) This section is hereby further amended by adding a new item, “9.”, thereto,
which shall read as follows:
“9. All combustion air openings or ducts shall be readily identifiable with an
approved label or by other means warning persons that obstruction of such
openings or ducts may cause fuel-burning equipment to release combustion
products and dangerous levels of carbon monoxide into the building.”
(9) Section 305.3, “Elevation of ignition source.”, is hereby amended by deleting the
exception thereto (indicated by the strikeout text below) to read as follows:
“305.3 Elevation of ignition source. Equipment and appliances having an ignition
source shall be elevated such that the source of ignition is not less than 18 inches (457
mm) above the floor in hazardous locations and private garages. For the purpose of this
section, rooms or spaces that are not part of the living space of a dwelling unit and that
communicate directly with a private garage through openings shall be considered to be
part of the private garage.
Exception: Elevation of the ignition source is not required for appliances that are listed
as flammable vapor resistant and for installation without elevation.”
(10) Section 305.7, “Clearances from grade.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“305.7 Clearances from grade. Equipment and appliances installed at grade level shall
be supported by and placed on a level concrete slab or other approved material extending
a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) above adjoining grade or shall be suspended a minimum
of 6 inches (152 mm) above adjoining grade.”
(11) Section 308.4.6, “Clearance from supply ducts.”, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
“308.4.6 Clearance from supply ducts. Central-heating furnaces where the bonnet
temperature exceeds 150 oF (68 oC), shall have the clearance from supply ducts within 3
feet (914 mm) of the furnace plenum be not less than that specified from the furnace
plenum. No clearance is necessary beyond this distance.”
(12) Section 404, “PIPING SYSTEM INSTALLATION”, is hereby amended in the
following respects:
(a) Section 404.7, “Above-ground piping outdoors.”, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
“404.7 Above-ground piping outdoors. All piping installed outdoors shall be
elevated not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above ground and where installed across
roof surfaces, shall be elevated not less than 3 1/2 inches (89 mm) above the roof
surface. Piping installed above ground, outdoors, and installed across the surface of
roofs shall be securely supported and located where it will be protected from physical
damage. Where passing through an outside wall, the piping shall also be protected
against corrosion by coating or wrapping with an inert material. Where piping is
encased in a protective pipe sleeve, the annular space between the piping and the
sleeve shall be sealed.”
(b) Section 404.9, “Minimum burial depth.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“404.9 Minimum burial depth. Underground piping systems shall be installed a
minimum depth of 18 inches (457 mm) below grade, except as provided for in
Section G2415.9.1.
404.9.1 Individual outside appliances. Individual lines to outside lights, grills or
other appliances shall be installed a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) below finished
grade.
Exception: Approved materials installed a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm)
below finished grade when covered with a concrete slab 4 inches (102 mm) in
minimum thickness.”
(c) Section 404.12, “Outlet closures.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“404.12 Outlet closures. Gas outlets and fittings which allow for future gas line
expansion that do not connect to appliances shall be provided with an approved gas
shutoff valve with the end capped gas tight.
Exception: Drip/Dirt legs installed at the floor level at appliances.
(13) Section 405 (IFGS), “PIPING BENDS AND CHANGES IN DIRECTION” is
amended in the following respects:
(a) Section 405.1, “General.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“405.1 General. Changes in direction of rigid metallic pipe specified in Section 403.4
shall be made only by the use of fittings and factory bends.”
(b) Section 405.2, “Metallic pipe.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“405.2 Metallic pipe. Only factory bends in rigid metallic pipe specified in Section
403.4 shall be permitted.
(14) Section 406.4.1, “Test pressure.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“406.4.1 Test pressure. The test pressure to be used shall be not less than one and one-
half times the proposed maximum working pressure, but not less than 10 psig (67 kPa
guage) irrespective of design pressure. Where the test pressure exceeds 125 psig (862 kPa
gauge), the test pressure shall not exceed a value that produces a hoop stress in the piping
greater than 50 percent of the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe.”
(15) The exception to Section 409.5, “Equipment shutoff valve.”, is hereby amended to
read as follows:
“Exception: Shutoff valves for vented decorative appliances and decorative appliances
for installation in vented fireplaces shall not be prohibited from being installed in an area
remote from the appliance where such valves are provided with ready access. Such valves
shall be permanently identified and shall serve no other equipment. Remote valves shall
be operable on the same floor as the appliance served and within 12 feet (3.66 m) of the
appliance as measured along the floor line. Piping from the shutoff valve to within 3 feet
(914 mm) of the appliance connection shall be sized in accordance with Section 402.”
(16) The first paragraph of Section 410.3, “Venting of regulators.”, is hereby amended
to read as follows:
“410.3 Venting of regulators. Pressure regulators that require a vent shall have an
independent vent to the outside of the building. The vent shall be designed to prevent the
entry of water or foreign objects. Vents shall not terminate within 3 feet (0.916 m) of
openings into the building.”
(17) Section 501.8, “Equipment not required to be vented.”, is hereby amended to read
as follows:
“501.8 Equipment not required to be vented. The following appliances shall not be
required to be vented.
1. Residential Ranges.
2. Built-in domestic cooking units listed and marked for optional venting.
3. Hot plates and laundry stoves.
4.Type 1 clothes dryers (Type 1 clothes dryers shall be exhausted in accordance with
the requirements of section 613).
5.A single booster-type automatic instantaneous water heater, where designed and
used solely for the sanitizing rinse requirements of a dishwashing machine,
provided that the heater is installed in a commercial kitchen having a mechanical
exhaust system. Where installed in this manner, the draft hood, if required, shall be
in place and unaltered and the draft hood outlet shall be not less than 36 inches (914
mm) vertically and 6 inches (152 mm) horizontally from any surface other than the
heater.
6. Refrigerators.
7. Counter appliances.
8. Direct-fired make-up air heaters.
9. Specialized equipment of limited input such as laboratory burners and gas lights.
(18) Section 503.2.2, “Well-ventilated spaces.”, is hereby deleted as indicated in the
following strikeout text:
“503.2.2 Well-ventilated spaces. Where located in a large and well-ventilated space,
industrial equipment shall be permitted to be operated by discharging the flue gases
directly into the space.”
(19) Section 503.5.6.1, “Chimney lining.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“503.5.6.1 Chimney lining. Chimneys shall be lined in accordance with NFPA 211.
Exception: Existing chimneys shall be permitted to have their use continued when an
appliance is replaced by an appliance of similar type, input rating, and efficiency.”
(20) Section 503.6.10.1, “Equipment separation.”, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
“503.6.10.1 Equipment separation. All equipment connected to the common vent shall
be located in rooms which have provisions for an adequate supply of combustion,
ventilation, and dilution air that is not supplied from habitable space (see Figure
503.6.10.1).”
(21) Section 614, “CLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST”, is hereby amended in the
following respects:
(a) Section (614.1, “Installation.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“614.1 Installation. Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. Dryer exhaust systems shall be independent of all
other systems and shall convey the moisture and any products of combustion to
the outside of the building. Dryer exhaust duct terminations shall not be located
within 36 inches (914 mm) of exterior openings into conditioned spaces, crawl
spaces, and attic spaces.”
(b) Section 614.6.1, “Maximum length.”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“614.6.1 Maximum length. The maximum length of a clothes dryer exhaust duct
shall not exceed 25 feet (7.620 m) from the dryer location to the outlet terminal.
The maximum length of the duct shall be reduced 2.5 feet (0.762 m) for each 45-
degree (0.79 rad) bend and 5 feet (1.524 m) for each 90-degree (1.6 rad) bend.”
(22) Section 621, “UNVENTED ROOM HEATERS”, is hereby deleted in its entirety.
(23) Section 623 (IFGC), “COOKING APPLIANCES”, is hereby amended with
revised language and by adding a new subsection, “623.3.1, Residential kitchen
exhaust systems.”, reading in its entirety as follows amended with revised
language to in the following respects:
“SECTION 623 (IFGC) COOKING APPLIANCES
623.1 Cooking appliances. Cooking appliances that are designed for permanent
installation, including ranges, ovens, stoves, broilers, grills, fryers, griddles, hot plates
and barbecues, shall be tested in accordance with ANSI Z21.1, ANSI Z21.58 or ANSI
Z83.11 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
instructions.
623.2 Prohibited location. Cooking appliances designed, tested, listed and labeled for
use in commercial occupancies may be installed within dwelling units or within any area
where domestic cooking operations occur, when installed in accordance with
manufacturer’s listing regarding clearance to combustibles. Overhead cabinets shall not
be located above such appliances.
623.3 Domestic appliances. Cooking appliances installed within dwelling units and
within areas where domestic cooking operations occur shall be listed and labeled and
installed in accordance with manufacturer’s listing for clearance to combustibles.
623.3.1. Residential kitchens with gas ovens shall be supplied with an exhaust system
vented to the outside. Ducts serving kitchen exhaust systems shall not terminate in an
attic or crawl space or areas inside the building and shall not induce or create a
negative pressure in excess of negative 3 Pa or adversely affect gravity-vented
appliances.
623.4 Domestic range installation. Domestic ranges installed on combustible floors
shall be set on their own bases or legs and shall be installed with clearances of not less
than that shown on the label.
623.5 Open-top broiler unit hoods. A ventilating hood shall be provided above a
domestic open-top broiler unit, unless otherwise listed for forced down draft ventilation.
623.5.1 Clearances. A minimum clearance of 24 inches (610 mm) shall be maintained
between the cooking top and combustible material above the hood. The hood shall be at
least as wide as the open-top broiler unit and be centered over the unit.
623.6 Commercial cooking appliance venting. Commercial cooking appliances, other
than those exempted by Section 501.8, shall be vented by connecting the appliance to a
vent or chimney in accordance with this code and the appliance manufacturer’s
instructions or the appliance shall be vented in accordance with Section 505.1.1.”
(24) Section 630, “INFRARED RADIANT HEATERS”, is hereby amended by adding
a new subsection, 630.3, “Outdoor locations.”, reading as follows:
“630.3 Outdoor locations. Infrared radiant heaters supplied by the premises fuel-gas
piping systems shall not be used for heating spaces outside of a building thermal
envelope as defined in Section N1107.5.”
(25) Remaining Chapters 7 and 8 are hereby adopted without revisions as published.
Section 3. That all of the foregoing changes enacted by this Ordinance shall
become effective for implementation commencing on January 1, 2005.
Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published in
summary form this 20th day of April A.D. 2004, and to be presented for final passage on
the 4th day of May A.D. 2004.
_________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
______________________________
City Clerk
Passed and adopted on final reading this 4th day of May, A.D. 2004.
__________________________________
Mayor
ATTEST:
______________________________
City Clerk
As proposed
As proposed
As proposed
factor
0.60
0.030 /
0.026(k)
0.065 /
0.057(k)
0.082 /
0.077(k
)
0.033
0.060
NA
0.065
Alternative Minimum Insulation R-values(i)When one or more of the following increased HVAC
efficiencies is used:
Minimum SEER 12 with minimum AFUE 90, or
Minimum SEER 12 with minimum HSPF8.2, or
Ground-source heat pump with minimum HSPF 16
0.35
0.55
0.60
38
15
8
19
10/13/0(j)
10, 2 ft
19/13
Footnotes for Table N1111.1. Insulation and Glazed Fenestration Requirements:
(a) R-values are minimums. U-factors and SHGC are maximums. Fenestration U-factor and SHGC
refer to the whole fenestration unit. R-values in this table are uncompressed R-values, except that R-
19 insulation may be compressed into 2x6 framing cavities. Steel-frame wall R-values are given in
Table N1111.2. Fenestration includes doors. All heating, ventilating, and cooling equipment shall
meet NAECA minimum efficiency standards except when specified otherwise.
(b)The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights; this column applies only to skylights. The
SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration, including skylights, which are considered glazed
fenestrations less than 60 degrees from horizontal.
(c) Insulation may be applied to the underside of the roof if the attic is air sealed and un-vented.
(161 kph)
B
Severe
No
30 inch
(762mm)
Slight to
Moderate
None to
Slight
+10 F(-170
C)
906
48.4
July 16,
1979