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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda - Full - Legislative Review Committee - 01/13/2017 - City Manager’s Office City Hall 300 LaPorte Ave. PO Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522 970.221.6505 970.224.6107 - fax fcgov.com Legislative Review Committee Agenda Special Meeting, January 13, 2017 3:30-4:30 p.m. Council Information Center, City Hall, 300 LaPorte Ave., Building A 1. Approval of minutes from December 6, 2016 Meeting (3 minutes) Attached: Dec 6th Minutes 2. Discussion of alignment of Paris Agreement with City approved documents (55 minutes) Attached: Staff analysis of Paris Agreement (4 documents) 3. Other business (5 minutes) Next meeting: January 17th from 4:00-5:00 p.m. City Manager’s Office City Hall 300 LaPorte Ave. PO Box 580 Fort Collins, CO 80522 970.221.6505 970.224.6107 - fax fcgov.com Legislative Review Committee Meeting Notes December 6, 2016, 3:30 p.m. Commons Conference Room Present: Gino Campana, Councilmember; Ross Cunniff, Councilmember; Ray Martinez, Councilmember; Carrie Daggett, City Attorney; Jeff Mihelich, Deputy City Manager; Wendy Williams, Assistant City Manager; Jackie Kozak-Thiel, Chief Sustainability Officer; Lindsay Ex, Climate Program Manager; Ginny Sawyer, Policy and Project Manager; Tyler Marr, Policy and Project Analyst; Jackson Brockway, Graduate Management Assistant Absent: None Guests: CO Senator Vicki Marble, Representative Jeni Arndt; James Thompson, Senator Bennet’s office; Dan Betts, Senator Gardner’s Office; Jamie Grim, Congressman Polis’ Office; Kevin Jones, Fort Collins Area Chamber of Commerce The meeting came to order at 3:34 pm. Approval of Minutes  LRC unanimously approved the October 25th meeting minutes. Discussion with legislative delegation regarding the City’s 2017 Policy Agenda LRC welcomed the 2017 legislative delegation to discuss the recently adopted Legislative Policy Agenda and Legislative Priorities. Highlights from the discussion included: City Overview  Councilmember Campana overviewed the City’s legislative process, including the desire to have access to the delegation to express views of support or opposition.  Councilmember Campana explained that the City uses both the Legislative Policy Agenda and the Legislative Priorities to guide decisions to support or oppose legislation and regulations.  Rep. Arndt noted how valuable she has found the bill tracker to be and noted she would like to see that continue into the 2017 session. o Councilmember Campana noted that the City intends to continue using the tracker  Rep Arndt is working with Representative Rankin and the governor’s office to utilize some of the marijuana revenue to address affordable housing issues. She noted that further discussion is planned for a meeting on December 12th at the Downtown Library  Councilmember Campana, Councilmember Martinez and Deputy City Manager Mihelich noted that the City continues to struggle with transient behaviors. The City is working on 2 various approaches to help solve this issue, including trying to secure guaranteed jail space. o The delegation agreed that this is an issue everyone is hearing a lot about from business owners and residents. o Rep Arndt noted that she expects the “Right to Rest” bill to resurface this year and Councilmember Cunniff noted that we would likely oppose and testify against legislation that is similar to last session’s version.  Councilmember Cunniff noted that the City is in the middle of implementing its Climate Action Plan. He asked for help at the state level on items that focus both on carbon reduction and economic gains/activity. At the federal level, he noted the City may be seeking additional tax credits depending on the outcome of the Clean Power Plan in the federal courts and the new administration. o Councilmember Campana added that local control remains imperative to any discussion. o Councilmember Campana also highlighted the City’s involvement in Colorado Communities for Climate Action (CC4CA), of which we expect to advocate for climate related bills in the upcoming state legislative session. o Dan Betts stated that the incoming Congress expects to roll back some of the Obama administration regulations related to climate. He invited feedback on any proposed changes. o James Thompson noted that they will work to protect investments that have already been made by Colorado Communities. Rep Jeni Arndt  Proposing a bill that Jack Digliani recommended related to peer counselors for police work to allow peer counselors to help more than just an individual at a time.  Considering a bill from CML related to the reauthorization of Police departments every three years. o It is currentl y unknown if this is focused at statutory cities, but Rep. Arndt noted she will learn more in the coming weeks.  She is likely to introduce legislation aimed at addressing aquifer storage and recovery. The bill will be working with the state engineer’s office to promulgate rules for the entire state related to the use of underground water storage. Sen Vicky Marble  Looking at bill to support developing economic opportunities in rural Colorado, particularly related to hemp production and farming.  Does not believe she will have bills related directly to municipalities. Dan Betts – Senator Gardner  Anticipates continued responsiveness by the federal delegation related to concerns from local governments.  FHWA emergency response fund has been depleted; it will be a priority to get it restored. 3  Looking forward to getting started with the new Congress Jamie Grim – Congressman Polis  Congressman Polis’ priorities will continue to focus on education. Other Business  Staff presented two letters for consideration related to the CC4CA group the City has been involved with.  MNCCA Letter o Jackie explained that the Mayor has requested LRC input on joining on to a letter that the compact of mayor’s has circulated. o She noted that highlights of the letter include advocating for the continual scale up of renewable energy standards and continuation of tax credits. o Councilmember Martinez expressed hesitation related to signing on to the letter based on ambiguity about the Paris agreement and its reference in the letter. o Councilmember Cunniff noted that he would support the mayor signing on to the letter, as the letter states a lot of our program goals. o Councilmember Campana also expressed hesitation based on the tone of the letter and the lack of evidence of what a Trump administration will do related to climate. He also noted that he wanted Fort Collins to be a non-political entity and that this letter feels political. o Councilmember Cunniff moved that LRC recommend the mayor sign on to the letter. The motion was not seconded. o It was also noted that the committee agrees with much of what is in the letter, and that if the alignment was more closely tied with all of our priorities the discussion may be different. o The committee requested that staff craft a custom letter for the mayor to send to the president-elect highlighting innovative efforts in Fort Collins and expressing optimism about working together with the new administration.  CC4CA Letter to Governor Hickenlooper o Ex explained that the letter proposed by CC4CA is directed at getting the governor to establish reduction mandates through an executive order or other comparable actions. o Councilmember Campana expressed concern that the executive order is directive in nature rather. He would rather it set goals to achieve. o Councilmember Cunniff noted that he would be willing to see language softened around “executive order or comparable action” to taking action generally and also toward goal setting as opposed to giving a mandate. Though supportive of the letter in presented form, he is open to these changes in order to achieve consensus among the LRC. o Councilmember Martinez expressed agreement with Councilmember Campana and expressed the importance in setting goals before taking other actions. o Staff committed to working with CC4CA to work in the proposed changes. 4 o LRC expressed willingness to meet briefly to approve this letter if changes are made prior to the next scheduled meeting (Jan 17th). The meeting adjourned at 5:27 P.M. 1 of 2 | P a g e City Manager’s Office PO Box 580 300 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80522 970.221.6505 970.224.6107 - fax fcgov.com MEMORANDUM Date: January 11, 2017 To: Mayor and City Councilmembers From: Lucinda Smith, Environmental Services Director Lindsay Ex, Climate Program Manager Tyler Marr, Policy and Project Analyst Jackson Brockway, Graduate Management Assistant Through: Darin Atteberry, City Manager Jeff Mihelich, Deputy City Manager Jackie Kozak Thiel, Chief Sustainability Officer Re: Analysis of the UN Paris Agreement and Alignment with The City’s Legislative Priorities and Policy Agenda Introduction City Council directed staff to analyze the UN Paris Agreement to determine how the agreement aligns with both the City’s Legislative Policy Agenda (LPA) and the Strategic Plan. Bottom Line Generally, the City’s policies, strategic objectives and climate action goals are aligned with the objectives of the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions in an equitable fashion. Staff did not identify clauses in the Agreement that appear to directly conflict with existing City policies and objectives. The Paris Agreement is only directly binding to national governments, not to cities. Only certain provisions in the Agreement are legally binding for nations, and those provisions are all procedural rather than substantive. Paris Agreement - Background The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The goal of the agreement is to limit the temperature rise to well below 2°C and aims toward limiting the increase to 1.5°C because this is the generally accepted temperature range that would limit significant climate disruptions. The intent of the Paris Agreement is to balance the mitigation of climate change (through GHG reductions) and adaptation to climate impacts (through resilience measures). The language was negotiated by representatives of 195 countries at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on December 12, 2015. As of December 2016, 194 UNFCCC members have signed the treaty, 122 of which have ratified it, including the United States. The Agreement went into effect on November 4, 2016, after countries representing at least 55% of global emissions had ratified it. 2 The importance of the Paris Agreement is that it marks a fundamental shift in the way international agreements have been approached – shifting from a regulatory “top down” approach to allowing each nation set its own goals and then collectively tracking these individual goals to achieve impact. In addition, this is the first agreement where countries have explicitly recognized the importance of sub-national governments (i.e. states, cities, etc.), businesses, and civil society organizations and seeks to build on their achievements to fulfill the goal of staying below the 2 degree target. Highlights of content elements of the Paris Agreement are provided in Attachment A. The full text of the Paris Agreement is provided in Attachment B. Legal obligations of the Agreement The Paris Agreement is a multilateral treaty, and, as such, is only directly binding to national governments. It is not binding to “subnational actors’ such as cities. Only certain provisions in the Agreement impose legally binding obligations on Parties, or nations that ratified the Agreement, including the US. These provisions are all procedural rather than substantive. An example of a binding procedural commitment is the requirement for nations to maintain successive emissions reductions (called “nationally determined contributions” throughout the agreement) and to report on progress in implementing them. The Paris Agreement does not include binding emission targets and new binding financial commitments for nations. It does not lay out specific implementation actions to be taken by each nation. Instead, as mentioned above, each nation sets its own goals to achieve the overall objective of the agreement (referred to as the nationally determined contributions, or NDC for short). Alignment with the City of Fort Collins Goals, Legislative Policy Agenda (LPA) and City Strategic Plan The Paris Agreement calls for a limitation of 2 degrees Celsius increase, and it is generally accepted that communities and nations will need to achieve an 80% reduction in emissions by 2050. The City’s goals achieve this reduction level two decades earlier, and thus, are aligned with the Agreement. While the Paris Agreement is not binding to the City itself, the City’s actions are well aligned; the City has adopted goals, is working on a plan that is interactively updated, and voluntarily reports progress. Area of the Paris Agreement that have the most alignment with City policy stances and strategic objectives are contained within the nonbinding elements of the agreement, which largely refer to the direct implementation efforts that each nation determines through their NDC. Major areas that represent these implementation items are thematically structured around the following topics:  Mitigation Strategies  Adaptation and Resiliency Strategies  Collaboration and Information Sharing  Finance  Communication The strongest areas of alignment in the City’s LPA can be found in the following areas:  “Climate and Environmental Protection”: Policies 1, 2, 3, 4  “Natural Areas and Open Lands” Policies 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5  “Energy” Policies 3, 4, 10, and 11 3 The strongest areas of alignment in the City’s Strategic Plan can be found in the following strategic outcomes:  Environmental Health: Objectives 4.1, 4.3, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8  Safe Community: Objectives 5.4 and 5.5,  Economic Health: Objective 3.5, 3.6, and 3.7  Neighborhood Livability and Social Health: Objective1.4  Culture and Recreation: Objective 2.3 Staff did not identify Paris Agreement clauses that appear to directly conflict with existing City policies and objectives. A full analysis of alignment with the City’s 2017 LPA and 2016 Strategic Plan can be found in Attachment C. Paris Agreement and the Triple Bottom Line Viewed through a triple bottom line lens, the Paris Agreement considers social and economic impacts in addition to the environmental impact of reducing emissions. From a social sustainability perspective, the Agreement recognizes the role for equity, including text from the preamble that:  Calls for a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities,  Acknowledges that climate change is a common concern of humankind and that actions to address climate change should respect, promote and consider a wide range of human and civil rights. From a local economic perspective, the Paris Agreement may serve to create new opportunities, rather than obligations, for cities to gain national support for their climate actions. Article 10.5 of the Agreement recognizes that:  Accelerating, encouraging and enabling innovation is critical for an effective, long-term global response to climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable development. In that way, it is aligned with City’s adopted Economic Health Strategic Plan and its objectives to engage the business community in carbon reduction efforts and increase innovation related to carbon reduction. Appreciation for Triple Helix Analysis Assistance: In this analysis, staff worked to identify the relationship between the Paris Agreement and City policies. Recognizing that staff does not have expertise in international negotiations, we received input from experts in our community as well, and incorporated many of their suggestions and concepts into this analysis. With the additional analysis by professors from Colorado State University and professionals from the private sector with climate change policy expertise, this analysis represents a truly “triple helix” approach. In closing, staff would like to thank numerous citizens for their assistance in this analysis. Attachments Attachment A – Paris Agreement Highlights Attachment B – Paris Agreement Full text Attachment C - Paris Agreement Analysis Table 1 Attachment A - PARIS AGREEMENT HIGHLIGHTS The highlights below provide short summaries of major aspect of the Paris Agreement. Page two provides a diagram of the structure of the Paris Agreement. Mitigation: reducing emissions Governments agreed  a long-term goal of keeping the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels;  to aim to limit the increase to 1.5°C, since this would significantly reduce risks and the impacts of climate change;  on the need for global emissions to peak as soon as possible, recognizing that this will take longer for developing countries;  to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with the best available science. Before and during the Paris conference, countries submitted comprehensive national climate action plans (NDC’s). These are not yet enough to keep global warming below 2°C, but the agreement traces the way to achieving this target. Transparency and global stocktake Governments agreed to  come together every 5 years to set more ambitious targets as required by science;  report to each other and the public on how well they are doing to implement their targets;  track progress towards the long-term goal through a robust transparency and accountability system. Adaptation Governments agreed to  strengthen societies' ability to deal with the impacts of climate change;  provide continued and enhanced international support for adaptation to developing countries. Loss and damage The agreement also  recognizes the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change;  acknowledges the need to cooperate and enhance the understanding, action and support in different areas such as early warning systems, emergency preparedness and risk insurance. Figure 1 on the next page, outlines the structure of key Issue in the Paris Agreement. Source: http://ecologic.eu/sites/files/event/2016/ecologic_institute_2016_paris_agreement_assessment_0 .pdf Bodle, R., Donat L., Duwe, M. Ecologic Institute, “The Paris Agreement: Analysis, Assessment, and Outlook”, Background paper for the workshop “Beyond COP21: what does Paris mean for future climate policy?” 28 January 2016, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conserva-tion, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Berlin 2 PARIS AGREEMENT (mm UNITED NATIONS 2015 PARIS AGREEMENT The Parties to this Agreement, Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention", Pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session, In pursuit of the objective of the Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, Recognizing the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, Also recognizing the specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as provided for in the Convention, Taking full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries with regard to funding and transfer of technology, Recognizing that Parties may be affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the measures taken in response to it, Emphasizing the intrinsic relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty, Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change, Taking into account the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities, Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity, Recognizing the importance of the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of the greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention, Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting the importance for some of the concept of "climate justice", when taking action to address climate change, Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement, Recognizing the importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in accordance with respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing climate change, Also recognizing that sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with developed country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing climate change, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 For the purpose of this Agreement, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. In addition: -2- (a) "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992; (b) "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention; (c) "Party" means a Party to this Agreement. Article 2 1. This Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by: (a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; (b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production; and (c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development. 2. This Agreement will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. Article 3 As nationally determined contributions to the global response to climate change, all Parties are to undertake and communicate ambitious efforts as defined in Articles 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 13 with the view to achieving the purpose of this Agreement as set out in Article 2. The efforts of all Parties will represent a progression over time, while recognizing the need to support developing country Parties for the effective implementation of this Agreement. -3- Article 4 1.In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2, Parties aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing country Parties, and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. 2.Each Party shall prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions that it intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions. 3.Each Party's successive nationally determined contribution will represent a progression beyond the Party's then current nationally determined contribution and reflect its highest possible ambition, reflecting its common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. 4.Developed country Parties should continue taking the lead by undertaking economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets. Developing country Parties should continue enhancing their mitigation efforts, and are encouraged to move over time towards economy-wide emission reduction or limitation targets in the light of different national circumstances. 5.Support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the impl�mentation of this Article, in accordance with Articles 9, 10 and 11, recognizing that enhanced support for developing country Parties will allow for higher ambition in their actions. 6.The least developed countries and small island developing States may prepare and communicate strategies, plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development reflecting their special circumstances. 7.Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties' adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans can contribute to mitigation outcomes under this Article. -4- 8. In communicating their nationally determined contributions, all Parties shall provide the information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding in accordance with decision 1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 9. Each Party shall communicate a nationally determined contribution every five years in accordance with decision 1/CP21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement and be informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake referred to in Article 14. 10. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall consider common time frames for nationally determined contributions at its first session. 11. A Party may at any time adjust its existing nationally determined contribution with a view to enhancing its level of ambition, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 12. Nationally determined contributions communicated by Parties shall be recorded in a public registry maintained by the secretariat. 13. Parties shall account for their nationally determined contributions. In accounting for anthropogenic emissions and removals corresponding to their nationally determined contributions, Parties shall promote environmental integrity, transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency, and ensure the avoidance of double counting, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 14. In the context of their nationally determined contributions, when recognizing and implementing mitigation actions with respect to anthropogenic emissions and removals, Parties should take into account, as appropriate, existing methods and guidance under the Convention, in the light of the provisions of paragraph 13 of this Article. 15. Parties shall take into consideration in the implementation of this Agreement the concerns of Parties with economies most affected by the impacts of response measures, particularly developing country Parties. -5- 16. Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under paragraph 2 of this Article shall notify the secretariat of the terms of that agreement, including the emission level allocated to each Party within the relevant time period, when they communicate their nationally determined contributions. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of that agreement. 17. Each party to such an agreement shall be responsible for its emission level as set out in the agreement referred to in paragraph 16 of this Article in accordance with paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and Articles 13 and 15. 18. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Agreement, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization, shall be responsible for its emission level as set out in the agreement communicated under paragraph 16 of this Article in accordance with paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and Articles 13 and 15. 19. All Parties should strive to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies, mindful of Article 2 taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. Article 5 1. Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1 (d), of the Convention, including forests. 2. Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches. -6- Article 23 1. Parties recognize that some Parties choose to pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions to allow for higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions and to promote sustainable development and environmental integrity. 2. Parties shall, where engaging on a voluntary basis in cooperative approaches that involve the use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes towards nationally determined contributions, promote sustainable development and ensure environmental integrity and transparency, including in governance, and shall apply robust accounting to ensure, inter alia, the avoidance of double counting, consistent with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 3. The use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes to achieve nationally determined contributions under this Agreement shall be voluntary and authorized by participating Parties. 4. A mechanism to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainable development is hereby established under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement for use by Parties on a voluntary basis. It shall be supervised by a body designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, and shall aim: (a) To promote the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development; (b) To incentivize and facilitate participation in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by public and private entities authorized by a Party; (c) To contribute to the reduction of emission levels in the host Party, which will benefit from mitigation activities resulting in emission reductions that can also be used by another Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution; and (d) To deliver an overall mitigation in global emissions. -7- 5. Emission reductions resulting from the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article shall not be used to demonstrate achievement of the host Party's nationally determined contribution if used by another Party to demonstrate achievement of its nationally determined contribution. 6. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from activities under the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall adopt rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article at its first session. 8. Parties recognize the importance of integrated, holistic and balanced non-market approaches being available to Parties to assist in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions, in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, in a coordinated and effective manner, including through, inter alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity- building, as appropriate. These approaches shall aim to: (a) Promote mitigation and adaptation ambition; (b) Enhance public and private sector participation in the implementation of nationally determined contributions; and (c) Enable opportunities for coordination across instruments and relevant institutional arrangements. 9. A framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development is hereby defined to promote the non-market approaches referred to in paragraph 8 of this Article. -8- Article 23 1. Parties hereby establish the global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, with a view to contributing to sustainable development and ensuring an adequate adaptation response in the context of the temperature goal referred to in Article 2. 2. Parties recognize that adaptation is a global challenge faced by all with local, subnational, national, regional and international dimensions, and that it is a key component of and makes a contribution to the long-term global response to climate change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of those developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 3. The adaptation efforts of developing country Parties shall be recognized, in accordance with the modalities to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement at its first session. 4. Parties recognize that the current need for adaptation is significant and that greater levels of mitigation can reduce the need for additional adaptation efforts, and that greater adaptation needs can involve greater adaptation costs. 5. Parties acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven, gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems, with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant socioeconomic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate. 6. Parties recognize the importance of support for and international cooperation on adaptation efforts and the importance of taking into account the needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 7. Parties should strengthen their cooperation on enhancing action on adaptation, taking into account the Cancun Adaptation Framework, including with regard to: -9- (a) Sharing information, good practices, experiences and lessons learned, including, as appropriate, as these relate to science, planning, policies and implementation in relation to adaptation actions; (b) Strengthening institutional arrangements, including those under the Convention that serve this Agreement, to support the synthesis of relevant information and knowledge, and the provision of technical support and guidance to Parties; (c) Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of the climate system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate services and supports decision-making; (d) Assisting developing country Parties in identifying effective adaptation practices, adaptation needs, priorities, support provided and received for adaptation actions and efforts, and challenges and gaps, in a manner consistent with encouraging good practices; and (e) Improving the effectiveness and durability of adaptation actions. 8. United Nations specialized organizations and agencies are encouraged to support the efforts of Parties to implement the actions referred to in paragraph 7 of this Article, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article. 9. Each Party shall, as appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans, policies and/or contributions, which may include: (a) The implementation of adaptation actions, undertakings and/or efforts; (b) The process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans; (c) The assessment of climate change impacts and vulnerability, with a view to formulating nationally determined prioritized actions, taking into account vulnerable people, places and ecosystems; (d) Monitoring and evaluating and learning from adaptation plans, policies, programmes and actions; and -10- (e) Building the resilience of socioeconomic and ecological systems, including through economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. 10. Each Party should, as appropriate, submit and update periodically an adaptation communication, which may include its priorities, implementation and support needs, plans and actions, without creating any additional burden for developing country Parties. 11. The adaptation communication referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be, as appropriate, submitted and updated periodically, as a component of or in conjunction with other communications or documents, including a national adaptation plan, a nationally determined contribution as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 2, and/or a national communication. 12. The adaptation communications referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be recorded in a public registry maintained by the secretariat. 13. Continuous and enhanced international support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of paragraphs 7, 9, 10 and 11 of this Article, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 9, 10 and 11. 14. The global stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall, inter alia: (a) Recognize adaptation efforts of developing country Parties; (b) Enhance the implementation of adaptation action taking into account the adaptation communication referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article; (c) Review the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support provided for adaptation; and (d) Review the overall progress made in achieving the global goal on adaptation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. Article 8 1. Parties recognize the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage. 2. The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement and may be enhanced and strengthened, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 3. Parties should enhance understanding, action and support, including through the Warsaw International Mechanism, as appropriate, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with respect to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change. 4. Accordingly, areas of cooperation and facilitation to enhance understanding, action and support may include: (a) Early warning systems; (b) Emergency preparedness; (c) Slow onset events; (d) Events that may involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage; (e) Comprehensive risk assessment and management; (f) Risk insurance facilities, climate risk pooling and other insurance solutions; (g) Non-economic losses; and (h) Resilience of communities, livelihoods and ecosystems. -12- 5. The Warsaw International Mechanism shall collaborate with existing bodies and expert groups under the Agreement, as well as relevant organizations and expert bodies outside the Agreement. Article 9 1. Developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention. 2. Other Parties are encouraged to provide or continue to provide such support voluntarily. 3. As part of a global effort, developed country Parties should continue to take the lead in mobilizing climate finance from a wide variety of sources, instruments and channels, noting the significant role of public funds, through a variety of actions, including supporting country-driven strategies, and taking into account the needs and priorities of developing country Parties. Such mobilization of climate finance should represent a progression beyond previous efforts. 4. The provision of scaled-up financial resources should aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation, taking into account country-driven strategies, and the priorities and needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and have significant capacity constraints, such as the least developed countries and small island developing States, considering the need for public and grant-based resources for adaptation. 5. Developed country Parties shall biennially communicate indicative quantitative and qualitative information related to paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article, as applicable, including, as available, projected levels of public financial resources to be provided to developing country Parties. Other Parties providing resources are encouraged to communicate biennially such information on a voluntary basis. 6. The global stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall take into account the relevant information provided by developed country Parties and/or Agreement bodies on efforts related to climate finance. -13- 7. Developed country Parties shall provide transparent and consistent information on support for developing country Parties provided and mobilized through public interventions biennially in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, at its first session, as stipulated in Article 13, paragraph 13. Other Parties are encouraged to do so. 8. The Financial Mechanism of the Convention, including its operating entities, shall serve as the financial mechanism of this Agreement. 9. The institutions serving this Agreement, including the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, shall aim to ensure efficient access to financial resources through simplified approval procedures and enhanced readiness support for developing country Parties, in particular for the least developed countries and small island developing States, in the context of their national climate strategies and plans. Article 10 1. Parties share a long-term vision on the importance of fully realizing technology development and transfer in order to improve resilience to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 2. Parties, noting the importance of technology for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions under this Agreement and recognizing existing technology deployment and dissemination efforts, shall strengthen cooperative action on technology development and transfer. 3. The Technology Mechanism established under the Convention shall serve this Agreement. 4. A technology framework is hereby established to provide overarching guidance to the work of the Technology Mechanism in promoting and facilitating enhanced action on technology development and transfer in order to support the implementation of this Agreement, in pursuit of the long-term vision referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. -14- 5. Accelerating, encouraging and enabling innovation is critical for an effective, long-term global response to climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Such effort shall be, as appropriate, supported, including by the Technology Mechanism and, through financial means, by the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, for collaborative approaches to research and development, and facilitating access to technology, in particular for early stages of the technology cycle, to developing country Parties. 6. Support, including financial support, shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of this Article, including for strengthening cooperative action on technology development and transfer at different stages of the technology cycle, with a view to achieving a balance between support for mitigation and adaptation. The global stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall take into account available information on efforts related to support on technology development and transfer for developing country Parties. Article 11 1. Capacity-building under this Agreement should enhance the capacity and ability of developing country Parties, in particular countries with the least capacity, such as the least developed countries, and those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, such as small island developing States, to take effective climate change action, including, inter alia, to implement adaptation and mitigation actions, and should facilitate technology development, dissemination and deployment, access to climate finance, relevant aspects of education, training and public awareness, and the transparent, timely and accurate communication of information. 2. Capacity-building should be country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs, and foster country ownership of Parties, in particular, for developing country Parties, including at the national, subnational and local levels. Capacity-building should be guided by lessons learned, including those from capacity-building activities under the Convention, and should be an effective, iterative process that is participatory, cross-cutting and gender-responsive. 3. All Parties should cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this Agreement. Developed country Parties should enhance support for capacity-building actions in developing country Parties. -15- 4. All Parties enhancing the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this Agreement, including through regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches, shall regularly communicate on these actions or measures on capacity- building. Developing country Parties should regularly communicate progress made on implementing capacity-building plans, policies, actions or measures to implement this Agreement. 5. Capacity-building activities shall be enhanced through appropriate institutional arrangements to support the implementation of this Agreement, including the appropriate institutional arrangements established under the Convention that serve this Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall, at its first session, consider and adopt a decision on the initial institutional arrangements for capacity-building. Article 12 Parties shall cooperate in taking measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access to information, recognizing the importance of these steps with respect to enhancing actions under this Agreement. Article 13 1. In order to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective implementation, an enhanced transparency framework for action and support, with built-in flexibility which takes into account Parties' different capacities and builds upon collective experience is hereby established. 2. The transparency framework shall provide flexibility in the implementation of the provisions of this Article to those developing country Parties that need it in the light of their capacities. The modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 13 of this Article shall reflect such flexibility. 3. The transparency framework shall build on and enhance the transparency arrangements under the Convention, recognizing the special circumstances of the least developed countries and small island developing States, and be implemented in a facilitative, non-intrusive, non-punitive manner, respectful of national sovereignty, and avoid placing undue burden on Parties. -16- 4. The transparency arrangements under the Convention, including national communications, biennial reports and biennial update reports, international assessment and review and international consultation and analysis, shall form part of the experience drawn upon for the development of the modalities, procedures and guidelines under paragraph 13 of this Article. 5. The purpose of the framework for transparency of action is to provide a clear understanding of climate change action in the light of the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2, including clarity and tracking of progress towards achieving Parties' individual nationally determined contributions under Article 4, and Parties' adaptation actions under Article 7, including good practices, priorities, needs and gaps, to inform the global stocktake under Article 14. 6. The purpose of the framework for transparency of support is to provide clarity on support provided and received by relevant individual Parties in the context of climate change actions under Articles 4, 7, 9, 10 and 11, and, to the extent possible, to provide a full overview of aggregate financial support provided, to inform the global stocktake under Article 14. 7. Each Party shall regularly provide the following information: (a) A national inventory report of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases, prepared using good practice methodologies accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement; and (b) Information necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving its nationally determined contribution under Article 4. 8. Each Party should also provide information related to climate change impacts and adaptation under Article 7, as appropriate. 9. Developed country Parties shall, and other Parties that provide support should, provide information on financial, technology transfer and capacity-building support provided to developing country Parties under Articles 9, 10 and 11. 10. Developing country Parties should provide information on financial, technology transfer and capacity-building support needed and received under Articles 9, 10 and 11. 11. Information submitted by each Party under paragraphs 7 and 9 of this Article shall undergo a technical expert review, in accordance with decision 1/CP.21. For those developing country Parties that need it in the light of their capacities, the review process shall include assistance in identifying capacity-building needs. In addition, each Party shall participate in a facilitative, multilateral consideration of progress with respect to efforts under Article 9, and its respective implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution. 12. The technical expert review under this paragraph shall consist of a consideration of the Party's support provided, as relevant, and its implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution. The review shall also identify areas of improvement for the Party, and include a review of the consistency of the information with the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 13 of this Article, taking into account the flexibility accorded to the Party under paragraph 2 of this Article. The review shall pay particular attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of developing country Parties. 13. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall, at its first session, building on experience from the arrangements related to transparency under the Convention, and elaborating on the provisions in this Article, adopt common modalities, procedures and guidelines, as appropriate, for the transparency of action and support. 14. Support shall be provided to developing countries for the implementation of this Article. 15. Support shall also be provided for the building of transparency-related capacity of developing country Parties on a continuous basis. Article 14 1. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall periodically take stock of the implementation of this Agreement to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of this Agreement and its long-term goals (referred to as the "global stocktake"). It shall do so in a comprehensive and facilitative manner, considering mitigation, adaptation and the -18- means of implementation and support, and in the light of equity and the best available science. 2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall undertake its first global stocktake in 2023 and every five years thereafter unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 3. The outcome of the global stocktake shall inform Parties in updating and enhancing, in a nationally determined manner, their actions and support in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Agreement, as well as in enhancing international cooperation for climate action. Article 15 1. A mechanism to facilitate implementation of and promote compliance with the provisions of this Agreement is hereby established. 2. The mechanism referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall consist of a committee that shall be expert-based and facilitative in nature and function in a manner that is transparent, non-adversarial and non-punitive. The committee shall pay particular attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of Parties. 3. The committee shall operate under the modalities and procedures adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement at its first session and report annually to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. Article 16 1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, decisions under this Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement. -19- 3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Agreement, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Agreement. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Agreement and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Agreement and shall: (a) Establish such subsidiary bodies as deemed necessary for the implementation of this Agreement; and (b) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Agreement. 5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and the financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Agreement, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall be held in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. 7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. -20- 8. The United Nations and its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Agreement and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article. Article 17 1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Agreement. 2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention, on the arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Agreement and by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. Article 18 1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve, respectively, as the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Agreement. The provisions of the Convention relating to the functioning of these two bodies shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Agreement shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention. -21- 2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Agreement, decisions under this Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement. 3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Agreement, any member of the bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Agreement, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Agreement. Article 19 1. Subsidiary bodies or other institutional arrangements established by or under the Convention, other than those referred to in this Agreement, shall serve this Agreement upon a decision of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall specify the functions to be exercised by such subsidiary bodies or arrangements. 2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement may provide further guidance to such subsidiary bodies and institutional arrangements. Article 20 1. This Agreement shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017. Thereafter, this Agreement shall be open for accession from the day following the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. 2. Any regional economic integration organization that becomes a Party to this Agreement without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Agreement. In the case of regional economic integration organizations with one or more member States that are Parties to this Agreement, -22- the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Agreement. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Agreement concurrently. 3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Agreement. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence. Article 21 1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 per cent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 2. Solely for the limited purpose of paragraph 1 of this Article, "total global greenhouse gas emissions" means the most up-to-date amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Agreement by the Parties to the Convention. 3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves this Agreement or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 of this Article for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit by such State or regional economic integration organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 4. For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by its member States. Article 22 The provisions of Article 15 of the Convention on the adoption of amendments to the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. -23- Article 23 1. The provisions of Article 16 of the Convention on the adoption and amendment of annexes to the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. 2. Annexes to this Agreement shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided for, a reference to this Agreement constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Such annexes shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character. Article 24 The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. Article 25 1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. 2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Agreement. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa. Article 26 The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Agreement. Article 27 No reservations may be made to this Agreement. -24- Article 23 1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Agreement has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Agreement by giving written notification to the Depositary. 2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal. 3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this Agreement. Article 29 The original of this Agreement, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. DONE at Paris this twelfth day of December two thousand and fifteen. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Agreement. -25- 1 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Attachment C- Paris Agreement Analysis Table Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? Introduction - A preamble to the agreement  Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention",  Pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session,  In pursuit of the objective of the Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances,  Recognizing the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge,  Also recognizing the specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as provided for in the Convention,  Taking full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries with regard to funding and transfer of technology,  Recognizing that Parties may be affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the measures taken in response to it,  Emphasizing the intrinsic relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty,  Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change,  Taking into account the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities,  Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and th e right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity,  Recognizing the importance of the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of the greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention, Preamble language sets out the “object and purpose” of the agreement, recognizing that not all Parities (nations) have the same requirements, constraints and capabilities. The objectives are all formulated in the context of the global climate goals set forth by the participants. Alignment with RESOLUTION 2015-030 OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS UPDATING COMMUNITY GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GOALS WHEREAS, there is widespread consensus that human emissions of greenhouse gases are impacting the earth’s climate system, causing the potential for unprecedented large-scale adverse health, social, economic and ecological effects; and WHEREAS, it is appropriate for local government to take responsibility for emissions which occur in service of its jurisdiction, because local community actions can speed the deployment of technology- based solutions and provide replicable models to other communities to help drive reductions in global emission levels; and N/A 2 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan?  Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting the importance for some of the concept of "climate justice", when taking action to address climate change,  Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement,  Recognizing the importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in accordance with respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing climate change,  Also recognizing that sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with developed country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing climate change,  Have agreed as follows: Article 1 - Definitions only (3 short definitions) N/A N/A Article 2 – Differentiation 1. a. Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius It is generally accepted that achieving the 2 degrees Celsius requires reductions of 80% by 2050; the City’s goals are more aggressive than this target. Legislative Priority: Participate in federal, state, and regional efforts to foster resilient communities and achieve Climate Action Plan Goals. There is also alignment with Climate and Environmental Protection priorities 1 and 2, Energy priorities 3, 4, and 11. Yes, EN 4.1, EN 4.5 1. b. Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production. Legislative Priority: Participate in federal, state, and regional efforts to foster resilient communities and achieve Climate Action Plan Goals Yes, EN 4.1, EN 4.5, EN 4.8, EN 4.9, TR 6.5, EC 3.6 1. c. Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development N/A N/A 3 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 2. This Agreement will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. N/A – this refers to a principle in international law that acknowledges developing countries have a different level of responsibility for climate action given their historical emissions as well as current economic circumstances. CNL 1.3 Article 3 – Overall statement (quoted below) As nationally determined contributions to the global response to climate change, all Parties are to undertake and communicate ambitious efforts as defined in Articles 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 13 with the view to achieving the purpose of this Agreement as set out in Article 2. The efforts of all Parties will represent a progression over time, while recognizing the need to support developing country Parties for the effective implementation of this Agreement. N/A - This is a general statement that Parties will take and communicate ambitious efforts and ratchet those up. Yes, EN 4.3, HPG 7.5 Article 4 - Mitigation 1. In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2, parties aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing country parties, and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with the best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of the century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. Yes, Energy 3, Climate and Environmental Protection 2 Yes, EN 4.1 2. Each party shall prepare, communicate, and maintain successive nationally determined contributions that it intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions. Yes, Energy 3, Climate and Environmental Protection 2 Yes, EN 4.1, 4.5 3. Each party's successive nationally determined contribution will represent a progression beyond the Party's then current nationally determined contribution and reflect its highest possible ambition, reflecting its common but differentiated and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. Yes, Energy 3, Climate and Environmental Protection 2 Yes, EN 4.1, 4.5 4 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 4. Developed country parties should continue taking the lead by undertaking economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets. Developing country Parties should continue enhancing their mitigation efforts, and are encouraged to move over time towards economy-wide emission reduction or limitation targets in the light of different national circumstances. Yes, Energy 3, Climate and Environmental Protection 2 Yes, EN 4.1, 4.5 5. Support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of this Article, in accordance with Articles 9, 10 and 11, recognizing that enhanced support for developing country Parties will allow for higher ambition in their actions. N/A N/A 6. The least developed countries and small island developing States may prepare and communicate strategies, plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development reflecting their special circumstances. N/A N/A 7. Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties' adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans can contribute to mitigation outcomes under this Article. N/A N/A 8. In communicating their nationally determined contributions, all Parties shall provide the information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding in accordance with decision 1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. N/A- National governments must communicate their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) N/A 9. Each Party shall communicate a nationally determined contribution every five years in accordance with decision 1/CP21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement and be informed by the outcomes of the global stock take referred to in Article 14. Cities are not obligated to report emissions, but Fort Collins has voluntarily reported its emission to the community for the purpose of tracking progress on our goal and will continue voluntarily reporting. It aligns with Legislative Priority 7, as well as Climate and Environmental Protection 2, and Energy 3. Yes, EN 4.1, HPG 7.6 10. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall consider common time frames for nationally determined contributions at its first session. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure N/A 5 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 11. A Party may at any time adjust its existing nationally determined contribution with a view to enhancing its level of ambition, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure N/A 12. Nationally determined contributions communicated by Parties shall be recorded in a public registry maintained by the secretariat. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure N/A 13. Parties shall account for their nationally determined contributions. In accounting for anthropogenic emissions and removals corresponding to their nationally determined contributions, Parties shall promote environmental integrity, transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency, and ensure the avoidance of double counting, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure Fort Collins voluntarily works to ensuring data accuracy and ethics N/A 14. In the context of their nationally determined contributions, when recognizing and implementing mitigation actions with respect to anthropogenic emissions and removals, Parties should take into account, as appropriate, existing methods and guidance under the Convention, in the light of the provisions of paragraph 13 of this Article. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure Fort Collins voluntarily works to ensuring data accuracy and ethics, and will report emission as required under Covenant of mayors N/A 15. Parties shall take into consideration in the implementation of this Agreement the concerns of Parties with economies most affected by the impacts of response measures, particularly developing country Parties. Indirectly connected to the work of Social Sustainability. There are no direct references to environmental justice elements in the LPA. Yes, NLSH 1.2, 1.4 16. Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under paragraph 2 of this Article shall notify the secretariat of the terms of that agreement, including the emission level allocated to each Party within the relevant time period, when they communicate their nationally determined contributions. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of that agreement. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure N/A 17. Each party to such an agreement shall be responsible for its emission level as set out in the agreement referred to in paragraph 16 of this Article in accordance with paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and Articles 13 and 15. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure N/A 6 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 18. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Agreement, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization, shall be responsible for its emission level as set out in the agreement communicated under paragraph 16 of this Article in accordance with paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and Articles 13 and 15. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure. N/A 19. All Parties should strive to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies, mindful of Article 2 taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. Indirectly connected ; no climate communication elements in the LPA EN 4.3 Article 5 (Carbon sinks) 1. Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1 (d), of the Convention, including forests. Yes, Natural Areas and Open Lands 2, 3 Yes, EN 4.1, EN 4.8, EN 4.5 2. Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches. Yes, Natural Areas and Open Lands 1, 2, 3 and Investments 3, Economic Development 1 Yes, EN 4.8, EN 4.5, EC 3.5 Article 6 (Mechanisms) 1. Parties recognize that some Parties choose to pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions to allow for higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions and to promote sustainable development and environmental integrity. N/A: Agreement on language from member parties N/A 7 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 2. Parties shall, where engaging on a voluntary basis in cooperative approaches that involve the use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes towards nationally determined contributions, promote sustainable development and ensure environmental integrity and transparency, including in governance, and shall apply robust accounting to ensure, inter alia, the avoidance of double counting, consistent with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. N/A - This is referring to the use of international carbon markets to achieve reductions Yes, EC 3.5 3. The use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes to achieve nationally determined contributions under this Agreement shall be voluntary and authorized by participating Parties N/A - This is referring to the use of international carbon markets to achieve reductions Yes, EC 3.5 4. A mechanism to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainable development is hereby established under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement for use by Parties on a voluntary basis. It shall be supervised by a body designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, and shall aim: (a) To promote the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development; (b) To incentivize and facilitate participation in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by public and private entities authorized by a Party; (c) To contribute to the reduction of emission levels in the host Party, which will benefit from mitigation activities resulting in emission reductions that can also be used by another Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution; and (d) To deliver an overall mitigation in global emissions. This has to do with the establishment of an international emissions trading platform. Yes, Energy 3, Climate and Environmental Protection 2 Yes, EN 4.1, EN 4.5, TR 6.5, EC 3.5 5. Emission reductions resulting from the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article shall not be used to demonstrate achievement of the host Party's nationally determined contribution if used by another Party to demonstrate achievement of its nationally determined contribution. N/A This has to do with the establishment of an international emissions trading platform. N/A 8 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 6. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from activities under the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure and funding allocations N/A 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall adopt rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article at its first session. N/A: Relating to the Paris Agreement governance structure and funding allocations N/A 8. Parties recognize the importance of integrated, holistic and balanced non-market approaches being available to Parties to assist in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions, in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, in a coordinated and effective manner, including through, inter alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity building, as appropriate. These approaches shall aim to: (a) Promote mitigation and adaptation ambition; (b) Enhance public and private sector participation in the implementation of nationally determined contributions; and (c) Enable opportunities for coordination across instruments and relevant institutional arrangements. Yes, Economic Development 1, Climate and Environmental Protection 1, 2, 3, 4, Transportation 4, 7, and 8 Yes, EC 3.5, EN 4.1, EN 4.5, , EN 4.7, CNL 1.5. 9. A framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development is hereby defined to promote the non-market approaches referred to in paragraph 8 of this Article. N/A N/a Article 7 - Adaptation 1. Parties hereby establish the global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, with a view to contributing to sustainable development and ensuring an adequate adaptation response in the context of the temperature goal referred to in Article 2. Participate in federal, state and regional efforts to foster resilient communities and achieve Climate Action Plan goals EN 4.7 2. Parties recognize that adaptation is a global challenge faced by all with local, subnational, national, regional and international dimensions, and that it is a key component of and makes a contribution to the long-term global response to climate change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of those developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. EN 4.7 EN 4.7 9 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 3. The adaptation efforts of developing country Parties shall be recognized, in accordance with the modalities to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement at its first session. EN 4.7 EN 4.7 4. Parties recognize that the current need for adaptation is significant and that greater levels of mitigation can reduce the need for additional adaptation efforts, and that greater adaptation needs can involve greater adaptation costs. EN 4.7 EN 4.7 5. Parties acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven, gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems, with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant socioeconomic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate. EN 4.7 EN 4.7 6. Parties recognize the importance of support for and international cooperation on adaptation efforts and the importance of taking into account the needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. N/A N/A 7. Parties should strengthen their cooperation on enhancing action on adaptation, taking into account the Cancun Adaptation Framework, including with regard to: (a) Sharing information, good practices, experiences and lessons learned, including, as appropriate, as these relate to science, planning, policies and implementation in relation to adaptation actions; (b) Strengthening institutional arrangements, including those under the Convention that serve this Agreement, to support the synthesis of relevant information and knowledge, and the provision of technical support and guidance to Parties; (c) Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of the climate system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate services and supports decision-making; (d) Assisting developing country Parties in identifying effective adaptation practices, adaptation needs, priorities, support provided and received for adaptation actions and efforts, and challenges and gaps, in a manner consistent with encouraging good practices; and (e) Improving the effectiveness and durability of adaptation actions. N/A; City does not use the Cancun Adaptation Framework N/A 10 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 8. United Nations specialized organizations and agencies are encouraged to support the efforts of Parties to implement the actions referred to in paragraph 7 of this Article, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 9. Each Party shall, as appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans, policies and/or contributions, which may include: (a) The implementation of adaptation actions, undertakings and/or efforts; (b) The process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans; (c) The assessment of climate change impacts and vulnerability, with a view to formulating nationally determined prioritized actions, taking into account vulnerable people, places and ecosystems; (d) Monitoring and evaluating and learning from adaptation plans, policies, programmers and actions; and (e) Building the resilience of socioeconomic and ecological systems, including through economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. Yes, Economic Development 1, Climate and Environmental Protection 1, 2, 4, Natural Areas and Open Lands 2 and 4, Energy 4 and 10 Yes, EN 4.7, EN 4.8, EN 4.1, EN 4.2 10. Each Party should, as appropriate, submit and update periodically an adaptation communication, which may include its priorities, implementation and support needs, plans and actions, without creating any additional burden for developing country Parties. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 11. The adaptation communication referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be, as appropriate, submitted and updated periodically, as a component of or in conjunction with other communications or documents, including a national adaptation plan, a nationally determined contribution as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 2, and/or a national communication. N/A: Governance Structure EN 4.3 12. The adaptation communications referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be recorded in a public registry maintained by the secretariat. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 13. Continuous and enhanced international support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of paragraphs 7, 9, 10 and 11 of this Article, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 9, 10 and 11. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 14. The global stock take referred to in Article 14 shall, inter alia: (a) Recognize adaptation efforts of developing country Parties; (b) Enhance the implementation of adaptation action taking into account the adaptation communication referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article; N/A: Governance Structure N/A 11 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? (c) Review the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support provided for adaptation; and (d) Review the overall progress made in achieving the global goal on adaptation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. Article 8 – Loss and Damage 1. Parties recognize the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage. Yes, Public Safety Policy 10 Yes, SC 5.4, 5.5 2. The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement and may be enhanced and strengthened, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 3. Parties should enhance understanding, action and support, including through the Warsaw International Mechanism, as appropriate, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with respect to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 4 Accordingly, areas of cooperation and facilitation to enhance understanding, action, and support may include: early warning systems, emergency preparedness, slow onset events, events that may involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage, comprehensive risk assessment and management, risk insurance facilities, climate risk pooling and other insurance solutions, non-economic losses, and resilience of communities, livelihoods, and ecosystems. Yes, Energy 10, Natural Areas 2, Climate and Environmental Protection 6, Water Supply and Quality 3, 5, 10, and 11, Public Safety 10 Yes, EN 4.7, EN 4.2, EN 4.8 and SC 5.3, 5.4, SC 5.5 5. The Warsaw International Mechanism shall collaborate with existing bodies and expert groups under the Agreement, as well as relevant organizations and expert bodies outside the Agreement. N/A: Governance Structure N/A Article 9 – Finance 1. Developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of N/A: Governance Structure N/A 12 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? their existing obligations under the Convention. 2. Other Parties are encouraged to provide or continue to provide such support voluntarily. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 3. As part of a global effort, developed country Parties should continue to take the lead in mobilizing climate finance from a wide variety of sources, instruments and channels, noting the significant role of public funds, through a variety of actions, including supporting country-driven strategies, and taking into account the needs and priorities of developing country Parties. Such mobilization of climate finance should represent a progression beyond previous efforts. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 4.The provision of scaled-up financial resources should aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation, taking into account country-driven strategies, and the priorities and needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and have significant capacity constraints, such as the least developed countries and small island developing States, considering the need for public and grant-based resources for adaptation. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 5. Developed country Parties shall biennially communicate indicative quantitative and qualitative information related to paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article, as applicable, including, as available, projected levels of public financial resources to be provided to developing country Parties. Other Parties providing resources are encouraged to communicate biennially such information on a voluntary basis. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 6. The global stock take referred to in Article 14 shall take into account the relevant information provided by developed country Parties and/or Agreement bodies on efforts related to climate finance. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 7. Developed country Parties shall provide transparent and consistent information on support for developing country Parties provided and mobilized through public interventions biennially in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, at its first session, as stipulated in Article 13, paragraph 13. Other Parties are encouraged to do so. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 13 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 8. The Financial Mechanism of the Convention, including its operating entities, shall serve as the financial mechanism of this Agreement. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 9. The institutions serving this Agreement, including the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, shall aim to ensure efficient access to financial resources through simplified approval procedures and enhanced readiness support for developing country Parties, in particular for the least developed countries and small island developing States, in the context of their national climate strategies and plans. N/A: Governance Structure N/A Article 10 (Technology) N/A 1. Parties share a long-term vision on the importance of fully realizing technology development and transfer in order to improve resilience to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. N/A N/A 2. Parties, noting the importance of technology for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions under this Agreement and recognizing existing technology deployment and dissemination efforts, shall strengthen cooperative action on technology development and transfer. N/A N/A 3. The Technology Mechanism established under the Convention shall serve this Agreement. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 4. A technology framework is hereby established to provide overarching guidance to the work of the Technology Mechanism in promoting and facilitating enhanced action on technology development and transfer in order to support the implementation of this Agreement, in pursuit of the long-term vision referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. N/A: Governance Structure N/A 5. Accelerating, encouraging and enabling innovation is critical for an effective, long- term global response to climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Such effort shall be, as appropriate, supported, including by the Technology Mechanism and, through financial means, by the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, for collaborative approaches to research and development, and facilitating access to technology, in particular for early stages of the technology cycle, to developing country Parties. Yes, EC 3.6 N/A 14 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 6. Support, including financial support, shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of this Article, including for strengthening cooperative action on technology development and transfer at different stages of the technology cycle, with a view to achieving a balance between support for mitigation and adaptation. The global stock take referred to in Article 14 shall take into account available information on efforts related to support on technology development and transfer for developing country Parties. N/A: Governance Structure N/A Article 11 (Capacity Building) 1. Capacity-building under this Agreement should enhance the capacity and ability of developing country Parties, in particular countries with the least capacity, such as the least developed countries, and those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, such as small island developing States, to take effective climate change action, including, inter alia, to implement adaptation and mitigation actions, and should facilitate technology development, dissemination and deployment, access to climate finance, relevant aspects of education, training and public awareness, and the transparent, timely and accurate communication of information. N/A, no climate justice elements in the LPA N/A 2. Capacity-building should be country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs, and foster country ownership of Parties, in particular, for developing country Parties, including at the national, subnational and local levels. Capacity-building should be guided by lessons learned, including those from capacity-building activities under the Convention, and should be an effective, iterative process that is participatory, cross-cutting and gender-responsive. N/A N/A 3. All Parties should cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this Agreement. Developed country Parties should enhance support for capacity-building actions in developing country Parties. N/A: Governance Structure 4. All Parties enhancing the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this Agreement, including through regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches, shall regularly communicate on these actions or measures on capacity building. Developing country Parties should regularly communicate progress made on implementing capacity-building plans, policies, actions or measures to implement this Agreement. N/A: Governance Structure 15 Comparison of the Paris Agreement to Various City of Fort Collins Documents – January 10, 2017 Paris Agreement Clause Alignment with Legislative Policy Agenda? Alignment w/ City Strategic Plan? 5. Capacity-building activities shall be enhanced through appropriate institutional arrangements to support the implementation of this Agreement, including the appropriate institutional arrangements established under the Convention that serve this Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall, at its first session, consider and adopt a decision on the initial institutional arrangements for capacity-building. N/A: Governance Structure Article 12 Parties shall cooperate in taking measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access to information, recognizing the importance of these steps with respect to enhancing actions under this Agreement. N/A Yes, EN 4.3 Article 13-29 Except for where direct alignment was identified, the remaining sections of the agreement referred only to the governance structure surrounding the agreement. For example, the Agreement outlines the date of the agreement, that the various languages in which the Agreement has been translated are valid, how to amend the agreement, the various roles of the Parties, etc. Article 13 – Transparency Section 7. Each party shall regularly provide the following information: A). national inventory report of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases, prepared using good practice methodologies accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon the Conference of Parties service as the meeting of the parties to this agreement and B). Information necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving its nationally determined contribution under Article IV. N/A Yes, EN 4.5