HomeMy WebLinkAboutWater Board - Minutes - 12/19/1986MINUTES
Water Board
December 19, 1986
Members Present
Norm Evans, President, Henry Caulfield, Vice President, Jim O'Brien, Stan
Ponce, Neil Grigg, Dave Stewart, Tom Moore, Ray Herrmann (alt.), Jo Boyd
(alt.)
Staff Present
Rich Shannon, Mike Smith, Dennis Bode, Webb Jones, Tom Gallier, Linda Burger,
Andy Pineda
Guests
Marvin Winer, Project Manager, Wastewater Rate Study, Brown and Caldwell
Members Absent
MaryLou Smith, John Scott, Tom Sanders
President Evans opened the meeting. The following items were discussed:
Minutes
Henry Caulfield modified the last sentence, the final paragraph on p. 6 of the
November 21, 1986 minutes, to read as follows: Mr. Caulfield, backed by Paul
Eckman's legal expertise, assured the Board that a positive vote on the
agreement as a stockholder would not preclude our objecting in the Water Court
on the water quality issue or any other issue as a City, "if we have made
appropriate reservation at the time the City votes on its stock." The November
21, 1986 minutes were accepted as corrected. The minutes of the special Water
Board meeting of December 5, 1986, were approved as written.
Update on WSSC/Thornton Agreement
Rich Shannon summarized what had occurred relative to the agreement. Staff
carried the message of the Water Board to the Council. Since the last Water
Board meeting the City had attempted to reach agreement with Thornton and WSSC.
A memo summarizing the negotiations was sent to Board members. The negotiations
were unsuccessful. At the City Council meeting, Dr. Evans spoke for the Water
Board as did Mr. Caulfield. Today, at the stockholder's meeting, the City voted
no for its 17.9 shares. Later in the meeting we will receive word as to the
outcome of the vote. Mr. Shannon advised the Board that the next step will be
"how we want to approach Water Court."
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December 19, 1986
Water Supply Opportunities Update
Mike Smith announced that at the Tuesday night City Council meeting, the
Council approved the purchase of the waters which the Water Board recommended:
that included the 1350 units from J. Moody via Craig Harrison; the 330 units
from Hugo Anderson; the 99 units from Shirley Koch; and 105 shares of North
Poudre. Staff will be closing on those purchases within the next couple of
months. Mr. Smith was pleased by the Council's acceptance of these purchases.
Mr. Caulfield stated that, furthermore, the Council did not indicate that they
considered these purchases to be "the top." They appear to be open to the
Board's recommending further action. Mike Smith added that Council is also
ready to see the Water Supply Policy Report. Mr. Smith informed the Board that
staff and the sub -committee will be meeting within the next few weeks to try to
finalize the report.
At this point it was announced that staff had just learned that 90% of the
vote at the WSSC stockholder's meeting was in favor of the agreement with
Thornton.
Wastewater Rate Study Presentation
Mike Smith reviewed the background for the study. He said that more than a
year ago, the staff embarked on doing a wastewater rate study following up on
the water rate study, to get our rates in line with the cost of service
approach. The City hired the firm of Brown & Caldwell Engineers with Marvin
Winer working out of their Pleasant Hills office in northern California, as the
Project Manager for the study. A final draft of the study was distributed to
Board members prior to the meeting for their perusal. Mr. Winer will review
the draft for the Board. Our objectives, Mr. Smith stated, are to review the
draft and try to revise it for its final form and also to expose the Board to
some of the policy issues that will be discussed at a later meeting.
In accordance with the Utility's request, Marvin Winer of Brown & Caldwell,
completed a revision of the draft wastewater rate study. The proposed rates
and charges are based on cost -of -service philosophy and are applicable over the
5-year study period, years 1986-1990. Full consideration was given to the
cost -influencing factors of inflation, system usage, and the proposed capital
improvement program. No attempt has been made to "smooth" the rates via either
changing the timing of the capital improvement program or staging the rate
changes. It is Brown and Caldwell's recommendation that the 1986 rate schedule
be kept in effect until a rate increase is required. This should not be until
some time after 1990.
Mr. Winer prefaced his presentation by saying that the study is relatively
complicated, so he plans to go through it in a fairly detailed manner to make
certain that everyone understands the development.
Basically, what the consultant has tried to accomplish is define the annual
revenue requirements or costs associated with running the wastewater utility on
a self supporting basis. Those revenue requirements were developed by the
staff with only minor input from Brown & Caldwell. Having developed those
revenue requirements, the Consultant allocated those requirements to certain
functional categories. A wastewater utility is designed to remove certain
constituents --in the case of the Fort Collins Utility, the BOD or the oxygen
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December 19, 1986
demand components, suspended solids and flows. The EPA, which governs revenue
programs for facilities that have been in part constructed from grant funds,
require at a minimum that you allocate costs to flow, suspended solids and some
measure of oxygen demand, either BOD, COD, TOC or some other elements. In the
Fort Collins case, industrial users are monitored and determine their COD
loadings, and the City measures BOB loadings at the plant. Fortunately they
are correlated. Brown & Caldwell has basically designed a rate study that is
based on each customer class and in the case of large industrial users, their
contribution to flow, BOD and suspended solids. They developed those
characteristics of each customer classes' contribution to flow, BOD, SS,
Connections, and Units. Mr. Winer added that probably there should be another
category called number of monitorings for those customers who are involved in
the pretreatment program whose wastes are monitored.
B&C obtained the revenue requirements for a five year period, from 1986-1990
from the staff. They allocated those costs to the same functional categories
they used to characterize the customer's wastewater discharge flow, BOD, SS,
infiltration/inflow and monitoring. They used that information to develop unit
costs by taking those costs allocated to the various functional categories and
divided it by the total amount of that particular functional category. Those
same unit costs were applied to every single user within the service area.
The consultants then developed rates and service charges for several
alternatives --they developed rates and charges for residential customers based
on a flat rate for each of the five residential categories. They developed
them for the case where you might want to charge based on winter water use or
annual discharge. They developed an alternative where, in addition to the
monthly service charge, you would apply a quantity charge and derive those
costs of flow from the residential class from either their contribution to
total annual use or winter water use. They developed a monthly service charge
for a quantity charge for all commercial and industrial users, again the charge
being based on either water use or winter water use. In the case of water use,
the fact that all the water is not discharged as wastewater, was taken into
account. Finally, they developed those users charges based on either the
alternative that you recover the costs from outside the City customers in a
similar manner as inside the City customers or you continue to charge them a
50% surcharge. Mr. Winer emphasized that everything hinges on the allocation
of costs of the functional categories. They did this and came up with a low
allocation to BOD and suspended solids which he explained later. They came up
with what is an average allocation to flow, BOD and SS and did the whole study
over again for that particular case to see what the sensitivity was of the
rates to the allocation to the functional categories.
He went on to say that they used winter month water use as a surrogate for
estimating wastewater discharge. All of the information comes from wastewater
utility records. The report summarizes the flow information for inside and
outside the City wastewater discharge contributions from each customer class.
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December 19, 1986
Having determined the base wastewater discharge, they did some calculations
and determined that they obtained excellent agreement meaning that the 180 and
200 mg/L for BOD, and SS for the residential customers was probably pretty
accurate.
He then showed a table summarizing the wastewater flows relative to the design
capacity for the initial two years and for the 5-year study period.
The first bit of information used in the rate study was the total summary of
the numbers of units (number of connections is displayed elsewhere), flow,
BOD and SS, both on a daily basis and on an annual basis. This same table is
used for every year of the study period.
Revenue requirements were supplied to B&C by staff. Mr. Winer showed a table
indicating O&M expenses, actual for 184, revised for '85, proposed for this
year and projected on out for the remainder of the years in the study period,
broken down into components which would allow them to allocate costs.
Another table displayed the summary of the Revenue Bond Debt Service in
dollars; another item was our annual revenue requirements. He pointed out that
in 1990 when the City pays off the 175 bond issue, the debt service goes down
significantly.
The next table showed a summary of other capital costs, capital projects as
budgeted by staff and includes capital projects, minor capital and contract
reduction expenses, and in the next table they summarize the annual revenue
requirements which is broken up into 0&M, net debt service and net capital
costs. They are relatively constant over the five year period except for 1987
when they are significantly lower because of lower capital costs.
Having developed the user characteristic and defined all the revenue
requirements, the next thing the consultant did was allocate costs to
functional categories. This was the pivotal point in the rate study. "It is
what makes a rate study equitable, if there is such a thing," Mr. Winer added.
You allocate costs to those treatment parameters that the facilities are
designed to treat. Then you allocate those costs back to the customers
commensurate with their contributions to those functional categories.
The consultant began with the assumption that your costs can be divided into
both fixed and variable costs. The fixed costs vary according to the
allocation of the plant. The variable costs are generally flow related --
chemicals or power that are independent of BOD or SS in most cases. You must
determine what part of your plant is allocable to BOO and SS removal. They
came up with a rough calculation that is approximated in most communities where
the treatment plant is allocated 50% flow because it is sized to meet flow
requirements and 25% BOD and SS. This is a quasi -engineering approach.
Economists like to say that the treatment plant is there because you have to
remove BOD and SS and therefore you should probably allocate all of the costs
of the treatment plant to those parameters even though it is sized and
therefore the costs are based on the flow. They want to give the message to
the customer that they are discharging BOD and SS and therefore should be
charged for it. That usually impacts large users so B&C usually employs the
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December 19, 1986
engineering approach that it is really sized for the flow and thus a portion of
the cost is allocable to flow. For the whole wastewater system, they came up
with an allocation of 78% flow and 11% each to BOD and SS. They subsequently
did the entire study again for a 60-20-20 allocation to see what impact it
would have and the impact was negligible to almost everybody except for 5
users. The greatest impact is to large industrial users. He explained that
this leads you to make a political decision on whether to allocate those costs
to them and charge them relatively high rates as opposed to perhaps charging a
couple of cents a month to residential customers and possibly encouraging
industry in your area. B&C did it both ways.
Mr. Winer showed a table which is an allocation of annual revenue requirements
for 1986. The costs on the bottom line will be used in developing the unit
costs. They will take the amount that is allocated to the flow and BOD and SS
on a design basis.
The next table related the summary of the allocation of 0&M requirements to
various treatment parameters for 1987 through 1990, and the next table with
allocation of capital requirements, which are fixed because none of them are
allocated to annual contributions. The final table in Chapter 4 shows a
summary of annual revenue requirements allocated to the various treatment
parameters for 1987 through 1990. These were the numbers used to develop the
unit costs.
The first step in designing the rates and charges in determining those unit
costs was the annual revenue requirements allocated to those functional
categories. Because we anticipate charging outside -city customers 50% higher
rates than inside the City customers, we multiplied their contributions to
flow, BOD, and SS by 1.5 and therefore, every number in the unit figures is the
sum of the inside customer's contribution plus 1.5 times the outside user's
contribution, plus the infiltration/inflow. These unit costs, derived from a
formula he described from one of the tables, are then used to determine the
cost allocable to I&I. The consultants treated infiltration/inflow like
another customer. Since we can't send them a bill, he explained, "we
calculated total costs allocable to I&I -- then we spread it over all other
users according to either connections or dwelling units." The feeling is that
using units gives a greater share of the cost to multiple family dwelling units
that usually occupy a greater impervious area than a single family residence.
Mr. Winer pointed out a table, the derivation of metered single family rates
for 1986, to explain how they arrived at the monthly rate for inside and
outside customers, which is not significantly different from the current rate.
He talked briefly about recommended rates for calendar years 1986 - 1990, and
compared the options of basing the quantity charge on actual water use or
winter quarter use. He then indicated some of the pluses and minuses of doing
this. If you did it on actual water use, you effect some sort of conservation
because now the summer bill is higher than the winter bill. However, it
impacts cash flow as you get more revenues in the summer even though the user
is not discharging more to the sewer system. Basing it on winter water use,
you get the same revenues every month for wastewater.
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The final table in the report is a comparison of estimated revenues by customer
class. -- not an exact comparison. They know what revenues will be generated
at the proposed rates. They made some assumptions in calculating what revenues
would be generated at current rates. Basically, the table shows that you are
collecting about 15% less revenues with current rates than the proposed rates.
"You can actually'stay with the current rate for another year," he explained,
"although you may not collect according to the cost of service indicated in the
report." Nevertheless, you would recover on a relatively equitable basis. He
pointed out several areas where there were inequities in the rates. He also
commented on each industry and what they would pay.
Henry Caulfield asked about inflow and infiltration and who pays for it. Mr.
Winer explained that the cost is usually allocated by connections or units. Dr.
Boyd commented that, historically, Fort Colins has an enormous increase in
infiltration in the summer months when the ditches are running, which presents
a problem in oversizing of the plants to handle this load. Mr. Winer admitted
that in his presentation, he probably should have addressed that more fully.
Everything in the report is based on what they call average dry weather flows.
Dr. Boyd cited the statistic from the report showing a 2.2 mg. or better than
20% on dry weather flow. In summer time, she said, it is many times higher. Mr.
Winer explained that if they based it on higher flows, they would get a larger
total number instead of the 12 mgd which is the total flow for waste -water
discharge and I&I. This would result in smaller unit costs. "The dollar value
is still the same, replied Dr. Boyd, "We would still have to allocate it to the
people who can pay -- Mr. Infiltration doesn't pay." Mr. Winer explained that
he was dealing with average flows; there are probably some customers tha£ peak,
but you can't deal with peaks unless you know everybody's peaks. "The I&I peak
you can ascertain pretty easily," Dr. Boyd contends. Mr. Winer said, "It
doesn't affect the dollar amount."
Henry Caulfield commented that in the introductory letter from the report they
gave future capital requirements. They were reflected in a table for 1990.
He asked what staff has in mind there. Mike Smith answered, "minor
improvements to the system."
Dave Stewart commented that the gallons per day for the metered and unmetered
appear to be the same. He would think that the metered would have less usage
than the unmetered. Mr. Weiner responded, "Obviously we don't know what single
family unmetered discharge is. Our guess is that the normal way the unmetered
customer uses excess water is on outside irrigation. Generally speaking there
is not much within the house to use more water." Since this is a winter use
figure, they surmised that whether metered or unmetered, the customers use
about the same amount of water.
Henry Caulfield asked how other cities which are metered handle this basing it
on winter use. He assumes that it is desirable to have a fairly constant
figure throughout the year. Mr. Winer replied that in 90% of the cases, the
charge is based on monthly water use. In every monthly or bi-monthly billing
period, water use is multiplied by the factor for that customer class, and then
times the rate, so it is based on water use and that results in fluctua-ting
revenues. In the summer, they are essentially paying on outside water use and
in the winter they are paying for less than their actual in-house use. Most
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December 19, 1986
utilities have the reserves necessary to meet those cash flow requirements. Mr.
Weiner doesn't know of any major utility that bases it on a winter month usage.
He went on to say that of almost all of the utilities he is referring to, the
largest class is residential and almost all of them are charged a flat rate, so
80 - 90% of their revenues are fixed anyway; thus, there is not a large change
in revenue requirements. "If you should meter all your residential and base it
on a quantity charge, and then base it on water usage, you would have an
enormous change between summer and winter," he explained. Mr. Caulfield
wonders how you handle that problem because that wouldn't be understood by the
public. Dr. Boyd added, "It wouldn't be very logical since your waste
discharges are the same summer and winter."
Mr. Caulfield asked if many cities that Mr. Winer is aware of have a metered
water usage rate, but a flat rate for sewage. "Yes, Most of them" was Mr.
Winer's response. Even though all classes are metered, they will recover costs
from residential users on a flat rate, even for multi -family in some cases,
with a cost per unit.
Dave Stewart asked how the revenues change if the industries follow up on
pre-treatment and reduce the strength to a domestic wastewater. Mr. Winer
explained that everything was predicated on the fact that BOD and SS won't
easily be changed. If they do that, then obviously what happens is you go back
to the giant computer program and you put in the new mg/L loadings and if they
are lower, that lowers their rate. The unit costs get larger and the other
people pick up those costs that way. "So it's being put back on the
residential customer," Mr. Stewart commented. He asked, "Wouldn't the
reduction of treating BOD and SS by pretreatment cost less?" Mr. Winer replied
that in the long run, those costs are going to remain about the same. If you
could effect a large reduction in BOD and SS say in a community where you had
400 large industries, the variable costs, not the fixed costs of treating BOD
and SS would go down. Dr. Boyd clarified that most of our costs are fixed
costs and the small amount of variability for cleaning up BOD and SS would not
be significant.
Neil Grigg asked, "Are we not to distinguish between two aspects of
pre-treatment here -- one to meet a pre-treatment ordinance so we don't get
damaging things that the plant can't handle and the other to do pre-treatment
to take some of the load off the plant.?" Mr. Winer stated that the first part
is mandatory because there are things you can't discharge, and if you do,
sludge disposal changes dramatically and those costs have to be allocated back.
Mike Smith explained that the City has a surcharge for excess BOD, COD and SS
over and above domestic waste. Dr. Boyd added that in a way you are saving
money if industry cleans their wastes ahead of time even though you don't get
it in direct billing, because you can delay enlarging your plant for a few
years.
Mike Smith commented that removal of BOD can be a "catch 22" because sometimes
the wastewater is too diluted and we don't meet the permit requirement of
reduction of BOD. Neil Grigg asked if the surcharge program is required by
EPA. It began about 10 years ago, Mr. Smith replied. There was also an
industrial cost recovery charge which was later repealed.
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December 19, 1986
Dave Stewart asked, when we even out the irregularities, are the revenues
recommended the ones required? Mr. Winer pointed out in the report, the rates
on the table for 1986. What he is recommending is that the City adopt
this rate because the revenue requirements for this year are $4.4 million.
They vary between 5.3 and 5.5 for the next three years, but the last year they
are 4.6, so you would have a large drop in rates which would not be advisable.
The revenue requirements are about the same in '89 or '90 that they are now but
B&C is assuming a 3% growth rate, the economy not being as good as it was, and
that growth in 1989 might not be appropriate. If you don't get 3% growth, you
won't get the revenues with 1989 rates no matter which of the 5 cost recovery
alternatives you use; the revenues recovered from them will be the same.
Neil Grigg recalled that Mike Smith indicated that there would be some policy
issues that would come up for discussion at a later time. Mr. Smith responded
that some of the issues they outlined were: the 1 1/2 times rate for
out -of -City customers, the way of charging customers on an annual water use
basis, winter quarter consumption or a flat rate for residential. Dr. Grigg
asked about this earlier and Mr. Winer said the revenues were the same, so why
would it matter? Mr. Smith replied that you mainly impact the individual
customer. His cash flow would be different. Frankly, the staff prefers the
winter quarter consumption, he said. It maintains the cash flow and is easy to
explain to the customer. There are advantages sometimes to the annual use with
commercial customers.
Dr. Grigg asked if Mr. Winer considers our current rates inequitable. "Yes,"
he replied, "but it's hard to see exactly because the rates designed in this
report for this year, derive greater revenue requirements. If you applied the
ratio, and multiplied everything by that, you would find that the percentage
recovery from each customer cost would still be different.
Neil Grigg said that it appears to him that the policy issues that arise from
how we are going to charge these particular industries are at least as
important as the others Mr. Smith named. Mr. Smith replied, "yes, that was the
last issue we planned to name." The basic purpose of the study was to look at
cost of service and the net result of that is that we have some commercial
customers, according to the cost of service, who aren't paying their fair
share.
Dr. Boyd asked if we have been undercharging or subsidizing them for a number
of years. According to the results of this report, Mr. Smith confirmed that
they haven't been paying their fair share, so other customers have been
subsidizing them.
Mr. Winer related that this is not unusual. In fact, in the case of the
restaurants, he developed a case where the rates would triple because they
didn't have a surcharge. The restaurants complained so much in this particular
city that charges were handled a different way and their rates only doubled.
This is not unusual for restaurants when they are not charged for BOD and SS.
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Dr. Grigg suggested that we need additional tables like table 5-9 which shows
the results of the alternative analyses (the 78-11-11, the 60-20-20, and the
50% outside city surcharge).
Mr. Winer contends that one of the problems of going to 60-20-20, is there is
no basis for it. Dr. Grigg stated that the basis of the 78-11-11 is that you
think that is where the costs are according to cost of service. Mr. Weiner
said, yes, based on allocating half the treatment plant cost of flows and a one
fourth each to BOD and SS. To do it another way would be a departure from
everything else he has done. It would reflect badly on the report, he
contends.
Mr. Winer indicated that the 50% surcharge for the outside the city customer
may not be legal. On a grant funded facility, the purpose of the facility is a
regional facility according to EPA, and you have to base your costs on cost of
service. It depends on the region. The region here may not closely monitor
these things. He felt he had to raise this inequity issue because, at some
future time, somebody else may raise it and ask whether the consultant who did
the study said anything about it.
Norm Evans commented that that might also be a function of a dissatisfied
customer wanting to raise the issue.
Dr. Evans thanked Marvin Winer for his thorough presentation. "It gives us
something to ponder," he concluded.
Since there was no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 4:50 p.m.
Water Board Secretary