HomeMy WebLinkAbout02/20/2025 - Planning and Zoning Commission - AGENDA - Regular Meeting PacketPLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION
REGULAR MEETING
02/20/2025 Agenda
Council Chambers, 300 Laporte Avenue
Zoom – See Link Below
Participation for this Planning & Zoning Commission Regular Meeting will be in person at
Council Chambers, City Hall, 300 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521.
You may also join online via Zoom, using this link: https://fcgov.zoom.us/j/97548330954
Online Public Participation:
The meeting will be available to join beginning at 5:45 pm, February 20, 2025. Participants
should try to sign in prior to the 6:00 pm meeting start time, if possible. For public comments, the
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that time. Staff will moderate the Zoom session to ensure all participants have an opportunity to
address the Board or Commission and watch the meeting through that site.
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www.fcgov.com/cityclerk/appeals.php
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PLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION
REGULAR MEETING
02/20/2025 Agenda
•CALL TO ORDER
•ROLL CALL
•AGENDA REVIEW
•PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
•CONSENT
1.CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES OF DECEMBER 19,
2024
The purpose of this item is to approve the minutes from the December 19, 2024, regular meeting of
the Planning and Zoning Commission.
2.CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES OF JANUARY 16, 2024
The purpose of this item is to approve the minutes from the January 16, 2024, regular meeting of
the Planning and Zoning Commission.
•DISCUSSION
3.BRICK STONE EXTENSION REQUEST FDP170006
Our project team would like to formally request an extension to our vested rights for
201 East Harmony Road (Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony). The City of Fort
Collins adopted new Land Use Code standards in May of 2024. The project team
will be providing a full analysis of the newly adopted City of Fort Collins Land Use
Code documenting how the project still meets the general development standards
found in Articles 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the newly adopted Fort Collins Land Use Code.
This full analysis will be provided to the City before December 14th, 2024 (date of
STAFF: Arlo Schumann, Planner
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PLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION
REGULAR MEETING
02/20/2025 Agenda
4.ROOTED IN COMMUNITY, URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN
This is a request for a Recommendation to the City Council regarding adoption of
the Urban Forest Strategic Plan as a component of City Plan. As Fort Collins’ first
Urban Forest Strategic Plan, the proposed plan will align and guide future growth
strategies for sustaining and growing a healthy and resilient urban forest for the
STAFF: Kendra Boot, Sr Manager Forestry
•OTHER BUSINESS
•ADJOURNMENT
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Agenda Item 1
Item 1, Page 1
Planning and Zoning Commission
STAFF
Krista Kidwell, Project Coordinator
SUBJECT
MINUTES OF THE DECEMBER 19, 2024 PZC HEARING
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is the consideration and approval of the draft minutes of the December 19, 2024
Planning & Zoning Commission hearing.
ATTACHMENTS
1.Draft Minutes of the December 19, 2024 Hearing
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Planning and Zoning Commission
REGULAR MEETING
December 19, 2024 – 6:00 PM
City Council Chambers
300 Laporte Avenue
Fort Collins, Colorado
CALL TO ORDER: Chair Stackhouse called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m.
ROLL CALL
a. Board Members Present - Stackhouse, Connelly, Peel, York, Katz, Sass, and
Shepard
b. Board Members Absent - None
c.Staff Members Present - Matsunaka, Kidwell, Jarvis, Winslow, Baty, Schumann,
Castelli, Nelson, Mounce, Collins, Marko, Frickey, Myler, Beals
Chair Stackhouse provided background on the Commission’s role and what the audience could
expect as to the order of business. She described the role of the Commission and noted that
members are volunteers appointed by City Council. The Commission members review the
analysis by staff, the applicants’ presentations, and input from the public and make a
determination regarding whether each proposal meets the Land Use Code. She noted that this
is a legal hearing, and that she will moderate for civility and fairness.
AGENDA REVIEW
Planning Manager Clay Frickey reviewed the items on the Consent and Discussion agendas
stating all items will be heard as originally advertised.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON ITEMS NOT ON THE HEARING AGENDA
None.
CONSENT AGENDA
1.Draft Minutes for the P&Z October 17, 2024, Regular Hearing
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The purpose of this item is to approve the draft minutes of the October 17, 2024, Planning and
Zoning Commission hearing.
2.Carnegie Building Renovation Lighting Update – MA230137
This is a Minor Amendment request for modifications to the exterior lighting on the south side of
the Carnegie Building to improve safety/security. It is located in the Neighborhood Conservation
Medium Density (NCM) Zone District.
3.Schoolside Park – BDR240009
This is a request for a Basic Development Review for the development of Bacon Park at 5830 S
Timberline Rd. (parcel #8608253901). Access is proposed to be taken from a private drive west
of S Timberline Rd. The site is directly east of S Timberline Rd. and 0.27 mi south of Kechter
Rd. The property is located in the Low Density Mixed-Use Neighborhood (LMN) zone district
and is subject to a Basic Development Review (BDR). As a City proposed project the decision
maker will be the Planning and Zoning Commission.
Vice Chair Sass made a motion to approve the Consent Agenda for the December 19,
2024 hearing as originally advertised. Commissioner Connelly seconded the motion.
Yeas: Shepard, Connelly, York, Peel, Sass, Katz, and Stackhouse. Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
DISCUSSION AGENDA
4. Heritage Annexation – ANX240001
This is a request to annex and zone 13.6 acres of land generally
located around 2506 Zurich Drive. The annexation is subject to a
series of hearings including a Type 2 review and public hearing by
the Planning and Zoning Commission and recommendation to
City Council.
OWNER:
APPLICANT:
Fort Collins, CO, 80524
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
Ryan Mounce, City Planner
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Commissioner Katz noted he is a commercial real estate professional and has a piece of land listed
in the general area, although it does not impact the annexation area and will not impact his
decision.
Staff Presentation
Ryan Mounce, City Planner, stated this item is a request for a recommendation to City Council for
the annexation and zoning of a 25-acre property located near the northwest corner of International
Boulevard and Timberline Road. Mounce noted the property is contiguous with city limits on
several sides and meets the state requirements for contiguity. Mounce stated the requested zoning
for the property is E – Employment and noted the zoning around the site varies between
residential, light industrial, and employment in both the County and the City. Mounce showed
photos of the site and one existing building on the property.
Applicant Presentation
Angie Milewski, BHA Design, provided background information on Heritage Christian Academy,
which occupies the building on the site. She stated the annexation of the property will allow the
school to move forward with its plans for expansion and discussed the benefits of the property
being zoned Employment. Milewski stated the applicant concurs with the staff recommendation of
the property’s placement in the non-residential sign district and LC1 lighting context area.
Staff Analysis
Mounce stated staff recommends zoning based on land use guidance provided through the
Structure Plan Map and City Plan, as well as the East Mulberry Plan in this case. He stated staff is
recommending Employment zoning due to the transitional buffer area between the existing
neighborhoods and heavier industrial uses in the Airpark.
Commission Questions
Commissioner Shepard asked if the future development of the school would be a Site Plan
Advisory Review or a Project Development Plan. Mounce replied it would likely be a Project
Development Plan as the school is private.
Chair Stackhouse requested additional information regarding this annexation consideration versus
a future Project Development Plan. Mounce replied that future physical development, including
expansion of the school and facilities, will take many years and much more review by the City. He
noted this first step, is just the annexation of the property, which is voluntary, but is also a
requirement per an intergovernmental agreement with Larimer County. Additionally, Mounce noted
that the City Council will be the ultimate decision maker, though a recommendation of the Planning
and Zoning Commission is required. He stated the next step will be an Overall Development Plan
followed by individual Project Development Plans.
Public Comment
Julia Branstrator, 539 Winnipeg Court, indicated that Heritage Christian Academy already owns the
land and asked how that would impact the annexation decision.
Staff Response
Mounce confirmed the school has purchased the land; however, the annexation process must
occur prior to any physical development. He noted there are state requirements related to
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annexation and reiterated this is a voluntary annexation.
Commission Questions / Deliberation
Commissioner Katz commented on initial concerns about industrial lands diminishing, but stated he
is more comfortable with the Employment zoning after further review. He requested assurance that
non-conforming uses will not be created with the existing industrial building on Zurich. Mounce
replied most of the business and structures around the site would not be non-conforming and noted
there is a great deal of overlap between the uses allowed in Employment and Industrial.
Commissioner York stated going through this process to allow additional review of the physical
expansion in the future is the proper thing to do and expressed support for the annexation.
Commissioner Shepard thanked staff for the slide showing the buildable lands inventory and
commented on several recent changes of industrial properties to residential and other uses. He
encouraged the Commission to be just as supportive of a property that may be going from
residential to industrial uses in the future, but stated he would support the annexation.
Vice Chair Sass made a motion that the Fort Collins Planning and Zoning Commission
recommend that City Council approve the proposed Heritage Annexation– ANK24001 – of
24.84 acres northeast of the intersection of International Boulevard and Mexico Way within
the East Mulberry Enclave and the proposed Zoning of Employment (E). This complies
with all applicable land use code procedures and requirements, and the Commission
adopts the information, analysis, findings of fact and conclusions contained in the staff
report included with the agenda materials for this hearing. This decision is based upon
the agenda materials, the information and materials presented during the work session
and this hearing, and the Commission discussion on this item. Commissioner Katz
seconded the motion. Yeas: Peel, Katz, Connelly, York, Sass, Shepard, and Stackhouse.
Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
5.Proposed Soil and Xeriscape Landscape Standard Updates
As a Council priority, staff is recommending code changes and
seeking feedback on landscape standards regarding xeriscape,
soil amendments, and irrigation.
City of Fort Collins
300 Laporte Ave
Fort Collins, CO 80524
ASSIGNED:
Katie Collins, Water Conservation Specialist, Utilities
Katheryne Marko, Environmental Regulatory Affairs Manager
Noah Beals, Development Review Manager
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Staff Presentation
Katheryne Marko, Environmental Regulatory Affairs Manager, stated several City departments
have collaborated to draft amendments to the Land Use Code that respond to three of the 2021-
2023 City Council priorities with a goal of developing standards that will establish landscapes that
are well equipped to survive or thrive despite a changing climate and finite resources. Marko
stated the objectives are to reduce the impact of the built environment while still maintaining Fort
Collins’ unique sense of character and place while considering how to meet current and future
needs.
Marko noted the Colorado Legislature passed Senate Bill 24-005 which goes into effect on January
1, 2026, and prohibits the installation of non-functional turf, artificial turf, and invasive species in
commercial developments. She stated the City’s proposed standards have been made consistent
with the new State law and include additional requirements that are not tied to the State law.
Marko provided additional details on the proposed regulations and stated staff is planning to go
before Council for first reading of the ordinance in January.
Marko outlined the public engagement process related to this effort and noted there was support for
commercial landscape regulations and education and incentives. Concerns have consistently
centered around including residential as part of the xeriscape regulations, which is not part of the
proposal, and around prohibiting artificial turf; however, that is part of the State law.
Katie Collins, Water Conservation Specialist, discussed the analyses conducted to assess the
financial impact of the proposed standards. She stated staff has engaged with two local landscape
design firms to further assess the cost impact as well and she detailed the various costs that were
associated with projects complying with current regulations versus proposed regulations.
Collins outlined the level of service that is currently occurring from a regulatory perspective and
stated adding two additional full-time employees would be needed to help support and promote the
proposed Code amendments by providing more opportunities for education.
Commission Questions
Commissioner Shepard asked if the new water supply requirement rate is reflected in the cost
estimate data. Collins replied in the negative and stated 2024 rates were used along with the
current water supply rate.
Commissioner York asked what enforcement methods are possessed by the State if these changes
are not made. Assistant City Attorney Jarvis replied she would examine the Senate Bill language.
Commissioner Shepard asked about the removal of the requirement for landscaping of vehicle
display lots. Marko replied the Code was reorganized and cleaned up as part of this effort and
stated the item referenced by Commissioner Shepard was found to be a redundancy.
Public Comment
Angie Milewski, BHA Design, expressed support for the proposed changes and commended the
public outreach conducted by staff. She commented on incremental costs being added to projects
and thereby impacting affordability. She specifically commented on the dual irrigation system
requirement and suggested softening the language to encourage the system but not require it.
Additionally, she stated there could be potential for tension between developers and the City given
the proposed new escrow requirements.
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Commission Questions / Deliberation
Marko stated the justification behind the dual irrigation system requirement to have a drip irrigation
zone specific to trees relates to protecting trees during water shortages. She noted the cost
estimates provided do include that dual irrigation system requirement and noted concerns have
been raised about the long-term maintenance of those zones.
Noah Beals, Development Review Manager, stated the current escrow requirements do not
guarantee the establishment of landscaping and stated the proposed change would not only
guarantee the installment of the landscaping, but also its establishment. He stated the proposed
escrow amount is lower but is held for a longer period of time.
Commissioner Sass asked about the definition of ‘established.’ Beals replied it typically takes a
year or two to determine whether a tree is going to survive and stated weeds frequently invade
lightly watered areas; therefore, staff would be looking for maintenance of those situations.
Assistant City Attorney Jarvis stated the current Code does not reference tree establishment but
does include a two-year escrow.
Commissioner Shepard asked whether the escrow applies to street trees in the right-of-way or to all
trees. Assistant City Attorney Jarvis replied it applies to landscaping and irrigation and would
include any trees included therein.
Regarding Commissioner York’s earlier question regarding what enforcement methods are
possessed by the State if these changes are not made, Assistant City Attorney Jarvis stated the bill
itself did not specify enforcement for the new regulations and she is researching information related
to the general enforcement of Title 37.
Commissioner York asked if it is correct to state the current Code establishes escrow until the
certificate of occupancy is issued and the new Code is requesting that to be expanded to two
years. Members discussed the escrow change and opted to move forward with additional
questions.
Commissioner Sass asked if the existing xeriscape incentive program is being modified. Collins
replied that the xeriscape incentive program primarily serves for existing landscape renovations
and there are no proposed changes to the program.
Commissioner Sass asked if there is a fine or other penalty for non-compliance. Collins outlined
the water allotment model and stated that water use in excess of that allotment results in an
additional surcharge being assessed to the account. She noted the water supply requirement is
calculated at the time of development based on the estimated water demand of the landscape.
Beals noted landscape inspections do occur, primarily upon request, and the first step would be a
reminder that the approved landscape plan needs to be maintained, followed by a notice of
violation, court summons, or fines.
Commissioner Shepard asked what would occur should a property owner go over their allotment
after installing landscaping that would meet the xeriscape and water efficiency standards. Marko
replied that the calculated annual water need for the landscape is based off the hydro zone table. If
a property’s landscape is found to be out of compliance, the owner will need to plant appropriate
landscape to comply with the approved plan, and theoretically, the water use should not have
changed from what was anticipated per the approved plan.
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Commissioner Shepard commented on older industrial areas in the city that have no landscape
plan or hydro zone calculation and questioned what could be done in these situations. Beals
replied that properties without an approved landscape plan are not considered to be out of
compliance and only redevelopment could trigger the need for Code compliance with landscape
standards and an associated water allotment.
Commissioner Shepard questioned how to avoid a new use coming in and meeting landscape
standards next to an existing use that does not need to meet the standards. Beals replied that
incentive programs can be utilized in those instances.
Chair Stackhouse noted there are three areas of consideration for the Commission: the Land Use
Code, City Code, and staffing levels.
Commissioner Shepard expressed concern that the language is not truly representative of the cost
and effort it takes to maintain a perennial bed, specifically citing the lack of the word ‘weeding’
among others. He encouraged staff to rewrite the narrative language to be more realistic.
Commissioner Katz also noted the language fails to address the net present value of items.
Chair Stackhouse asked Commissioners whether there are issues with compliance with the State
regulations. Commissioner York stated meeting those requirements is necessary moving forward.
Chair Stackhouse asked Commissioners whether there are issues regarding the proposed Code
amendments. Commissioner Shepard stated there is a difference between a parking lot and a
vehicle display lot and expressed support for the existing Code calling out that difference. He
asked Commissioners if they would support retaining the Code section, 5.10.1(D)(6), regarding the
landscape intervals required for vehicle display lots. Commissioners Sass and Katz expressed
support for retaining the section.
Commissioner Shepard expressed support for the remaining amendments.
Commissioner Katz expressed concern about requirements that increase the cost of development
and requested further information regarding the increased upfront costs of the dual irrigation
system mentioned during public comment. Collins commented on the specialty irrigation tree drip
zone line item included in the cost estimates for the landscape alternatives. She noted this is often
happening anyway as more dedicated irrigation is installed for new landscaping types.
Chair Stackhouse asked how much cost the drip system would add to an affordable housing
project. Collins stated the unit cost is about $1,000 per zone.
Chair Stackhouse commented on other instances wherein concessions were made for affordable
housing projects; however, she acknowledged this is considering the long-term health of trees
when water is scarce. She stated she would be more inclined to support the changes if she could
be assured they would not put affordable housing projects at risk.
Commissioner Shepard asked if Housing Catalyst was consulted as a stakeholder. Collins replied
in the affirmative and stated Housing Catalyst did provide some comments. She noted Housing
Catalyst also has requirements similar to the water budget requirement if certain funding sources
are involved.
Commissioner Shepard asked if multi-family projects are part of the allotment program. Collins
replied that multi-family indoor water use does not have an allotment; the outdoor water tap does
however.
Frickey noted the line item for tree irrigation for a multi-family project is about $3,000 and noted the
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recently developed Oak 140 affordable housing project was about a $23 million project; therefore,
the initial irrigation investment is relatively small compared to the overall project cost.
Commissioner Sass asked if the 70% established growth rule prior to releasing escrow is being
changed. Marko replied that standard will remain.
Commissioner Sass asked if any provisions are being made for a mulched area or native grasses
for establishment as there are native grass areas that never get to 70% growth. Marko replied
work is currently being done with Environmental Planning on those issues.
Commissioner Peel requested additional clarification regarding the two-year escrow. Assistant City
Attorney Jarvis replied that the former Land Use Code included the two-year 125% landscape
escrow, irrigation escrow, and in at least one other location. The proposal is to bring those all
together with the intention of potentially including a three- to five-year forestry escrow in the future.
She stated she has yet to find the two-year requirement in the newly adopted Land Use Code.
Commissioner Peel asked how much money is held in escrow on average. Beals replied that a
multi-unit project may be $30,000-$100,000, some of which may be in letters of credit or bond
letters. The amount may be $500 or so for a builder who is building one house at a time. Beals
stated staff would be willing to remove the escrow language and leave the current language if it is a
concern for the Commission.
Commissioner Sass stated in his experience, larger projects will secure a bond for that escrow
amount. He stated he does not want to put additional pressure on smaller home builders to write
checks for those amounts and stated escrow dollars should be returned once certificates of
occupancy are issued.
Commissioner Shepard suggested partial escrow releases as an option.
Chair Stackhouse outlined the three lingering issues: the impact of dual irrigation systems on
affordable housing projects, the landscape escrow requirements to assure clarity and
reasonableness, and the retention of the language in Section 5.10.1(D)(6) related to vehicle display
lots.
Commissioner Sass asked if the Land Use Code requires establishment of native grass to a
particular level. Beals replied that the natural habitat buffer zones currently have an establishment
requirement; however, there is no establishment requirement for native grass that is not in a buffer
zone.
Chair Stackhouse made a motion that the Fort Collins Planning and Zoning Commission has
reviewed the recommendations for proposed soil and xeriscape landscape Land Use Code
updates. The Commission believes the proposal meets State requirements and is
consistent with the water conservation goals of the City. For that reason, the Commission
supports the proposal and recommends City Council approval. In making this
recommendation, the Commission suggests that City Council ensure that the impacts to
affordable housing projects from dual irrigation systems is understood, that it examine the
landscape escrow requirements to ensure clarity and reasonableness, and that the Code
retain the current language addressing landscaped vehicle display lots. This decision is
based upon the agenda materials, the information and materials presented during the work
session and this hearing, and the Commission discussion on this item. The Commission
hereby adopts the information, analysis, findings of fact, and conclusions regarding this
Land Use Code update contained in the staff report included in the agenda materials for this
hearing. Commissioner York seconded the motion. Yeas: York, Connelly, Katz, Shepard,
Peel, and Stackhouse. Nays: Sass.
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THE MOTION CARRIED.
Chair Stackhouse commented on the importance of addressing increasing incremental costs.
Commissioner York stated this is a step toward making the Code better.
Chair Stackhouse noted that the Commission needs to decide whether to express support for
adoption of the City Code amendments.
Commissioner Sass expressed concern the total cost impact has yet to be ascertained and noted
these changes exceed the State requirements. He suggested a wholesale look at water
conservation could be more valuable, but expressed support for the City Code changes.
Chair Stackhouse made a motion that the Fort Collin Planning and Zoning Commission, in
its capacity as an advisor on planning matters to City Council, express support for the
adoption of City Code amendments regarding soil amendment and soil loosening.
Commissioner Sass seconded the motion. Yeas: York, Connelly, Sass, Katz, Shepard, Peel,
and Stackhouse. Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
Commissioner Sass expressed support for additional staffing to support these efforts.
Commissioner Shepard concurred.
Chair Stackhouse stated she would be more comfortable encouraging City Council to examine
opportunities to augment staff to fully implement the proposal rather than having a budget addition.
Members discussed ways to formulate language related to finding efficiencies.
Chair Stackhouse made a motion that the Fort Collins Planning and Zoning Commission, it
its capacity as an advisory on planning matters to City Council, advise that the proposed
Land Use Code amendments may require augmented staff to fully implement the proposed
changes. The Planning and Zoning Commission encourages City Council to examine
opportunities to fully implement the proposal. Commissioner York seconded the motion.
Yeas: York, Connelly, Sass, Katz, Shepard, Peel, and Stackhouse. Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
Chair Stackhouse commended staff work on this item.
For more complete details on this hearing, please view our video recording located here:
https://www.fcgov.com/fctv/video-archive.php?search=PLANNING%20ZONING
OTHER BUSINESS
Frickey noted staff received a letter from Liberty Common School with its response to the Planning
and Zoning Commission’s comments from last month’s meeting related to the SPAR for the middle
school expansion. Frickey summarized the main suggestions from the Commission and stated the
school indicated it will work with the City on roadway striping and signage, committed to scheduling
a meeting with the City Forester to go over the existing trees on site and to minimize impacts to
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those trees, responded they intend to reuse the existing roof screens to screen HVAC units to the
extent feasible, and committed to evaluating the feasibility of contributing to construction of the
detached sidewalks and crossings.
Commissioner Shepard commended the response and stated it speaks to collaboration. He noted
there will be an interesting design conundrum with how to create a detached sidewalk given the
existing trees that are located right behind the attached sidewalk.
ADJOURNMENT
a. Chair Stackhouse moved to adjourn the P&Z Commission hearing. The
meeting was adjourned at 8:23 pm.
Minutes respectfully submitted by Krista Kidwell
Minutes approved by the Chair and a vote of the Board/Commission on 02/20/25
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Agenda Item 2
Item 2, Page 1
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY February 20, 2025
Planning and Zoning Commission
STAFF
Krista Kidwell, Project Coordinator
SUBJECT
MINUTES OF THE JANUARY 16, 2025 PZC HEARING
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this item is the consideration and approval of the draft minutes of the January 16, 2025
Planning & Zoning Commission hearing.
ATTACHMENTS
1.Draft Minutes of the January 16, 2025 Hearing
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Planning and Zoning Commission
REGULAR MEETING
January 16, 2025 – 6:00 PM
City Council Chambers
300 Laporte Avenue
Fort Collins, Colorado
CALL TO ORDER: Chair Stackhouse called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m.
ROLL CALL
a. Board Members Present – Stackhouse, Connelly, York, Katz, Sass and Shepherd
b. Board Members Absent – Peel
c.Staff Members Present – Matsunaka, Kidwell, Jarvis, Mapes, Frickey, Myler, Boster
Chair Stackhouse provided background on the Commission’s role and what the audience could
expect as to the order of business. She described the role of the Commission and noted that
members are volunteers appointed by City Council. The Commission members review the analysis
by staff, the applicants’ presentations, and input from the public and make a determination
regarding whether each proposal meets the Land Use Code. She noted that this is a legal hearing,
and that she will moderate for civility and fairness.
AGENDA REVIEW
Planning Manager Clay Frickey reviewed the items on the Consent and Discussion agendas stating
all items will be heard as originally advertised.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON ITEMS NOT ON THE HEARING AGENDA
None.
CONSENT AGENDA
1.Draft Minutes for the P&Z November 21, 2024, Regular Hearing
The purpose of this item is to approve the draft minutes of the November 21, 2024, Planning
and Zoning Commission hearing.
2.Fischer Rezoning – REZ240001
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DESCRIPTION:
previously approved Neighborhood Conservation Buffer (NCB) zone district,
but without any condition for a specific parking requirement for potential
future development. Such a condition is currently in place upon the zoning.
Note that the name of the NCB zone has been changed to Old Town – High
(OT-C).
Clark Mapes, Planner
Sam Stobbelaar, 1204 Westward Drive, requested this item be removed from the Consent Agenda
for discussion. The Commission decided to remove the item from the Consent Agenda and place it
on the Discussion Agenda.
Vice Chair Sass made a motion to approve the Consent Agenda for the January 16, 2025,
hearing as amended to withdraw the Fischer Rezoning item. Commissioner Katz seconded
the motion. Yeas: Shepard, Connelly, York, Sass, Katz, and Stackhouse. Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
DISCUSSION AGENDA:
3. Fischer Rezoning – REZ240001
This is a request to rezone 1185 and 1201 Westward Drive to remain in the
previously approved Neighborhood Conservation Buffer (NCB) zone district,
but without any condition for a specific parking requirement for potential
future development. Such a condition is currently in place upon the zoning.
Note that the name of the NCB zone has been changed to Old Town – High
(OT-C).
Clark Mapes, Planner
Staff Presentation
Clark Mapes, City Planner, noted these two lots were rezoned in 2020 from Low-Density
Residential (RL) to Neighborhood Conservation Buffer (NCB) to allow them to be joined with
several other parcels in the NCB zone. That rezoning included a condition that any subsequent
multi-family development would include parking at a ratio of 1 parking space per bedroom, which
exceeded the standards then and now even more so. Since that rezoning, the NCB zone name
has changed to Old Town – High (OT-C).
Mapes stated this request is to remove the parking condition from the rezoning, and the only way
to do that is to re-rezone the property, though the zoning map and district will not change. Mapes
stated staff is recommending approval of the request, citing the recent Land Use Code changes
related to decreased parking requirements for multi-family developments. Additionally, Mapes
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noted the State law also recently changed to prohibit cities from requiring any parking in multi-
family development in transit served areas, beginning in June of 2025.
Mapes noted that the original condition related to parking came about as the result of
neighborhood concerns. He stated the neighborhood meeting for this request yielded one
speaker who was pleased that the parking requirement is being reduced.
Commissioner Connelly noted he works with Erik Fischer fairly regularly in the course of his job,
though there is nothing about that relationship that would cause a conflict of interest.
Commissioner York noted he went to high school with members of the Fischer family, but that
also would not cause a conflict of interest.
Applicant Presentation
Joel Weikert, Ripley Design, discussed the property owner’s vision to create a development to
celebrate the family’s land as a place for people to call home. Weikert commented on the history
of the rezoning request and discussed the recent Land Use Code and State law changes related
to parking requirements. He also outlined the ways in which the request is consistent with City
Plan and other requirements.
Commission Questions
None.
Public Comment
Sam Stobbelaar commented on heavy traffic on the street and expressed concern about the
rezoning removing the parking requirement. He also expressed concern that people are already
paying the city for parking spaces per the RP3 program, and this change would increase
competition for the spaces on the street.
Staff Response
Mapes noted this property will also be eligible to pay to participate in the RP3 parking program.
Commission Questions
Commissioner Katz asked if there is a current Project Development Plan for the site. Weikert
replied there is an approved PDP and multiple rounds of the FDP have occurred, but that is on
hold pending the results of this item.
Commissioner Katz asked if any parking is planned to be provided. Weikert replied there will be
some parking provided.
Commissioner Katz noted construction lenders have their own parking requirements as they do
not want to fund projects that are not purchased or leased.
Commission Deliberation
Commissioner Katz thanked Stobbelaar for coming forward with concerns but noted the project
will still contain parking and will be consistent with the State law.
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Commissioner Shepard stated he would support the request and thanked Stobbelaar for coming
forward with concerns.
Chair Stackhouse thanked Stobbelaar for commenting and concurred with Commissioner Katz’
comments regarding lenders’ standards related to parking.
Commissioner York made a motion that the Fort Collins Planning and Zoning Commission
recommend that the City Council approve the proposed Fischer Rezoning – REZ240001 to
Old Town – High (OT-C) zone district with the staff recommendation finding that the
requested placement into the Old Town – High (OT-C) zone district is consistent with the
City of Fort Collins Comprehensive Plan, the requested zoning is warranted by changed
conditions within the neighborhood surrounding and including the property, the rezoning
would be compatible with existing and proposed uses surrounding the property, and is the
appropriate zone district for the property. The rezoning would not result in significant
adverse impacts on the natural environment, the rezoning would result in a logical and
orderly development pattern, and the proposed rezoning will promote the public welfare
and will be consistent with the vision, goals, principles, and policies of City Plan and the
elements thereof. This complies with all applicable Land Use Code procedures and
requirements, and the Commission adopts the information, analysis, findings of fact, and
conclusions contained in the staff report included with the agenda materials for this
hearing. This decision is based upon the agenda materials, the information and materials
presented during the work session and this hearing, and the Commission discussion on
this item. Commissioner Connelly seconded the motion. Yeas: Katz, Connelly, York, Sass,
Shepard, and Stackhouse. Nays: none.
THE MOTION CARRIED.
For more complete details on this hearing, please view our video recording located here:
https://www.fcgov.com/fctv/video-archive.php?search=PLANNING%20ZONING
OTHER BUSINESS
Planning Manager Frickey introduced Stephanie Boster from the City Attorney’s Office.
ADJOURNMENT
Chair Stackhouse moved to adjourn the P&Z Commission hearing. The meeting was adjourned at
6:41 pm.
Minutes respectfully submitted by Krista Kidwell
Minutes approved by the Chair and a vote of the Board/Commission on 02/20/25
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Development Review Staff Report Agenda Item 3
Planning Services Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 p. 970-416-4311 f. 970.224.6134 www.fcgov.com
Planning & Zoning Commission Hearing – February 20, 2025
Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony Vested Rights Extension, FDP170006
Summary of Request
This is a request for an extension of vested rights for Brick Stone
Apartments on Harmony, FDP170006 (parcel #9601200004).
The project is approved to develop a vacant property into a 3
story,116-unit multi-family apartment building with ground level
parking. Staff has previously approved two extensions for their
vested rights period and the applicant now must seek additional
extensions from the Planning & Zoning Commission. The
Planning & Zoning Commission approved a one-year extension
for the vested rights for Brick Stone on September 15, 2022 and
January 18, 2024. The site is within the Harmony Corridor (HC)
zone district. The vested rights extension request is subject to
Planning & Zoning Commission (Type 2) Review.
Zoning Map
Next Steps
If approved, the applicant will have one additional year of vested
rights.
Site Location
Located just east of the intersection of
College Avenue and Harmony Road, Parcel
#9601200004.
Zoning
Harmony Corridor (HC).
Property Owner
Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony LLC
1200 Pearl Street, Suite 314
Boulder, CO 80302
Applicant/Representative
Ben Massimino
Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony, LLC
1200 Pearl Street, Suite 314
Boulder, CO 80302
Staff
Clay Frickey, Planning Manager
Contents
1. Project Introduction 2
2. Article 2 – Applicable Standards 3
3. Compliance with Articles 2, 3, 4, 5 5
4. Findings of Fact/Conclusion 9
5. Recommendation 9
6. Attachments 9
Staff Recommendation
Approval of the vested rights extension
request.
Site
HC
CG
UE
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1.Project Introduction
A.PROJECT DESCRIPTION
•On October 16, 2016, the Planning & Zoning Board approved the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony,
PDP160019.
•The approved project contains a total of 116 units of multi-family housing.
•The project would provide 197 off-street parking spaces within a parking structure integrated within the main
building.
•The applicant applied for a building permit on May 16, 2017.
•On December 14, 2017 the City recorded the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony, FDP170006 and created
a vested right for the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony project.
•The City issued a full building permit for the project on December 21, 2017.
•Due to a lack of activity, the building permits for the project expired with the public infrastructure required to
support the project incomplete.
•Staff approved a one-year extension to the project’s vested rights period on May 26, 2020. This extended the
project’s vested rights period to December 14, 2021.
•Staff approved a subsequent one-year extension to the project’s vested rights period on October 14, 2021.
This extended the project’s vested rights period to December 14, 2022.
•The Planning & Zoning Commission approved a one-year extension to the project’s vested rights period on
September 15, 2022. This extended the project’s vested rights period to December 14, 2023.
•The Planning & Zoning Commission approved a one-year extension to the project’s vested rights period on
January 18, 2024. This extended the project’s vested rights period to December 14, 2024.
•The applicant submitted a vested rights extension for the Planning & Zoning Commission’s consideration on
November 5, 2024.
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B.SITE CHARACTERISTICS
1.Development Status/Background
The subject property is approximately 4.4 acres in size and currently sits vacant. The property annexed into
the City as part of the Fairway Estates Business Annex on January 6, 1981.
2.Surrounding Zoning and Land Use
North South West East
Zoning Harmony Corridor
(HC)
Urban Estate (UE) General Commercial
(CG)
Harmony Corridor (HC)
Land Use Shopping Center
(Harmony
Marketplace) Retail
Stores, Sit-down
Restaurants, Grocery
Store, Banks
Existing Single-family
neighborhood
(Fairway Estates)
Shopping Center
(Harmony Center)
Retail, Clinic, Office
Fort Collins Supportive Housing
(Harmony Road Apartments)
Aerial view looking north:
2.Article 2 – Applicable Standards
A.VESTED RIGHTS EXTENSION PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW
1.Final Plan Approval – FDP170006
Staff recorded the Final Development Plan on December 14, 2017.
Harmony Rd.
Col
l
e
g
e
Av
e
.
Site
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2.Publication of Vested Rights Determination
Staff published a notice of vested rights in the Coloradoan on December 28, 2017.
3.Extensions
The applicant submitted an extension request with staff on November 5, 2024 in accordance with Section
6.3.11(E)(4). The applicant justified their extension request by stating:
•The infrastructure requirements along Harmony Road present an extraordinary and exceptional
•situation unique to this property. These unique infrastructure requirements are as follows:
o Construction of a turn lane extension on Harmony Road with curb and gutter
o Installation of a new concrete pad for Type III bus stop
o Installation of a ditch culvert extension
o Expanded sidewalk bridge over said ditch culvert
o Offsite ADA curb ramps.
•The project must make improvements to Harmony Road while the irrigation ditch running through
the site is not in use. This limits construction activity to October 15-April 1 and is an impediment to
completing this project in a timely fashion.
•Proceeding now while some of the previously noted negative impacts are still present will not
result in a financially viable project
The Commission must find that this extension request is not detrimental to the public good and that the
extension request satisfies one of the following criteria:
a.) The applicant has been diligent in constructing the engineering improvements required pursuant to
6.3.11(E)(3), though such improvements have not been fully constructed, or;
b.) Due to other extraordinary and exceptional situations unique to the property, completing all
engineering improvements would result in unusual and exceptional practical difficulties or undue
hardship upon the applicant.
Staff finds that the extension request is not detrimental to the public good and that the small
window of time to complete improvements to Harmony Road combined with the uncertain
economic environment results in unusual practical difficulties to complete the project.
4.Notice (Posted, Written and Published)
Posted Notice: Not required.
Published Hearing Notice: January 7, 2024.
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3.Compliance with Articles 2, 3, 4, 5
Section 6.3.11(E)(4) requires that the approved Final Development Plan comply with all general development standards
contained in Article 3 and 5, and all Zone District Standards contained in Article 2 and 4 at the time of application for the
extension. This section outlines how the approved Final Development Plan complies with all updates to the Land Use
Code adopted since the creation of the vested right on December 28, 2017.
A.DIVISION 2.5.1 - HARMONY CORRIDOR DISTRICT (HC) STANDARDS
Ordinance
Number
Summary of Ordinance and Analysis Staff
Findings
Ordinance
No. 63, 2018
Ordinance No. 73, 2018 included a wide range of amendments to the Land
Use Code. The relevant amendments as part of this Ordinance were the
amendments to landscaping, irrigation, bicycle parking, walkways, and multi-
family standards.
Landscaping and Irrigation
The amended landscaping standards require developments to select plants
from a pre-approved plant list. These standards also require plans to clearly
identify hydrozones for each landscaped area proposed. The irrigation
standards clarified what kinds of equipment are required for irrigation systems.
The recorded plans comply with the hyrdozone requirements. Sheet LP10
provides a water table that complies with 3.2.1(E)(3).
The recorded plans comply with selecting plants on the Fort Collins Plant List
per 3.2.1(I)(2). The Fort Collins Plan List can be found here:
https://www.fcgov.com/vegetation/. Each plant proposed is either on the Plant
List or is of the same genus as a plant found on the Plant List.
Staff will review the proposed irrigation system at the time of Building Permit
review, so 3.2.1(J) does not apply.
Bicycle Parking
This Ordinance clarified that balconies cannot count towards the required
number of enclosed bicycle parking spaces per Section 3.2.2(C)(4)(b). Sheet
S1 notes the amount of enclosed bicycle parking proposed with a note that
each unit will have an enclosure for bikes in compliance with the revised
standard.
Walkways
Section 3.2.2(C)(5)(a) was revised to require all walkways to be unobstructed
by vertical curbs, raised landscape islands, utility appurtenances, or other
elements that restrict access. All the walkways shown on Sheet S2 comply
with this revised standard.
Multi-family Standards
The revised version of Section 3.8.30 requires multi-family development
between 2 and 5 acres in size to provide sufficient space for outdoor
gathering. This Ordinance also amended 3.8.30 to require a 25-foot buffer
yard between multi-family developments and single-family and two-family
dwellings. Sheet S2 shows two courtyards serving as outdoor gathering
spaces and the Natural Habitat Buffer Zone along the south side of the
property that provides a buffer to adjacent single-family homes in compliance
with 3.8.30.
Complies
Ordinance
No. 91, 2018
This Ordinance created the Planned Unit Development Overlay Zone, which
does not apply to this project.
N/A
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Ordinance
No. 109, 2018
Ordinance No. 109, 2018 amended the Transportation Level of Service
Requirements and Adequate Public Facilities sections of the Code to require
developments comply with level of service standards found in the Larimer
County Urban Area Street Standards (LCUASS). This amendment to the
Code also allowed development to use mitigation measures found in LCUASS
to meet these requirements.
Brick Stone meets the level of service requirements found in LCUASS and did
not require mitigation or alternative compliance in accordance with this revised
standard.
Complies
Ordinance
No. 114, 2018
This Ordinance created buffering standards for development in relation to oil
and gas facilities. This Ordinance does not apply to Brick Stone Apartments.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 129, 2018
This Ordinance amended Section 3.2.5 of the Land Use Code pertaining to
trash and recycling enclosures. In summary, this Ordinance amended Section
3.2.5 to require the following:
1.Screening of trash and recycling enclosures
2.Adequate space for vehicular and pedestrian access of the enclosure
3.Durable materials for the enclosure
4.Adequate sizing of trash and recycling receptacles
5.Equitable location of enclosures for residents
6.Chutes for both trash and recycling
7.Constructed on a concrete pad
8.Adequate grading and cross slopes
Sheet S3 of the recorded Final Development Plan highlights the locations of
the trash and recycling enclosures, dimensions of the enclosures in
accordance with this Code section.
Complies
Ordinance
No. 141, 2018
Ordinance No. 141, 2018 amended the Sign Code. These Code changes are
not applicable to this project.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 019, 2019
This Ordinance amended several sections of the Land Use Code including
regulations for additions of permitted use, notice for Minor Subdivisions,
occupancy, solar energy systems, limits on Extra Occupancy Rental houses in
the Low Density Mixed-Use Neighborhood (LMN) zone district, and changes
to definitions. None of these amendments apply to this development.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 035, 2019
Ordinance No. 035, 2019 amended the Historic and Cultural Resources
standards in 3.4.7 and associated definitions in Section 5.1.2. These
standards do not apply to this project.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 037, 2019
Ordinance No. 037, 2019 amended standards for Planned Unit Developments.
These standards do not apply to this project. N/A
Ordinance
No. 058, 2019
This Ordinance amended the Land Use Code to implement components of the
Downtown and Old Town Neighborhoods Plans. These standards do not
apply to this project.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 077, 2019
Ordinance No. 077, 2019 contained amendments to several sections of the
Land Use Code. The relevant amendments of this Ordinance were the
changes to Section 3.2.1 – Landscape and Tree Protection. Changes to 3.2.1
included:
•Updated purpose statement.
•Provisions for shadow plantings where there are existing ash trees
in the right-of-way.
•Tree planting requirements for canopy shade trees on residential
Complies
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•
•Changes to caliper size requirements of mitigation trees.
•More specificity for how to protect existing trees during construction.
•Updated list of prohibited species of trees.
Sheets LP4-LP10 of the recorded Final Development Plan demonstrate
compliance with the amended sections of the Land Use Code. All the
mitigation trees meet the caliper size requirements and location requirements
of the amended Code. None of the proposed trees are prohibited species. The
amended tree protection specifications in Section 3.2.1(G) will apply at the
time of construction and the applicant must comply with those standards at the
time of construction.
Ordinance
No. 078, 2019
This Ordinance amended Section 2.10.2 of the Land Use Code pertaining to
variances issued by the Community Development & Neighborhood Services
Director. These amendments do not apply to this project.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 104, 2019
Ordinance No. 104, 2019 amended the Modification of Standards purpose
statement and review procedures in addition to changes to the definition of
development. Neither of these changes apply to this project.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 100, 2020
This Ordinance established the Manufactured Housing Zone District. This
does not apply to this project. N/A
Ordinance
No. 137, 2020
Ordinance No. 137, 2020 amended portions of the Code related to affordable
housing fee waivers. These amendments do not apply to this project. N/A
Ordinance
No. 040, 2021
This Ordinance adopted a new version of Section 3.2.4 related to exterior site
lighting. This Code section states that this Code section only applies to
projects submitted after the effective date of the Ordinance. Since this
Ordinance went into effect after submittal of this Final Plan, this Code section
N/A
Ordinance
No. 048, 2021
Ordinance No. 048, 2021 amended various sections of the Code including:
•Minor Amendments/Change of Use.
•Appeals of administrative decisions to the Zoning Board of Appeals.
•Permitting one additional kitchen inside a dwelling unit without
creating an additional dwelling unit under certain conditions.
None of these amendments apply to this development.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 059, 2021
This Ordinance further modified the previously adopted exterior lighting
standards in Section 3.2.4. Since this Ordinance also went into effect after
submittal of this Final Plan these amendments also do not apply.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 120, 2021
Ordinance No. 120, 2021 amended sections of the Land Use Code pertaining
to water use and irrigation. Relevant amendments to these Code sections
included:
•Updated hydrozone requirements
•Clarifications in Section 3.2.1(J) for irrigation requirements
Sheet LP10 of the recorded Final Development Plan shows the hydrozone
calculations for the project. The project complies with these amended
standards. The irrigation plan will be reviewed at the time of Building Permit
and thus does not apply to this extension request.
Complies
Ordinance
No. 018, 2022
This Ordinance removed enclosed mini-storage as an approved use in the
Transit-Oriented Development Overlay Zone. This does not apply to this
project.
N/A
Ordinance
No. 011, 2023
Ordinance No. 011, 2023 amended the Land Use Code to adopt standards for
Wireless Communications Facilities consistent with the Telecommunications
Master Plan. These standards do not apply to this development.
N/A
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Ordinance
No. 071, 2023
This Ordinance adopted 1041 regulations. These regulations do not apply to
this project. N/A
Ordinance
No. 116, 2023
This Ordinance amended regulating buffering between buildings with
occupiable space and oil and gas facilities. N/A
Ordinance
No. 121, 2023
This Ordinance amended the land use code to include regulations for making
water adequacy determinations. N/A
Ordinance
No. 055, 2024
This Ordinance adopted the new Land Use Code and codify the 1997 land
use code as transitional land use regulations.
The adopted LUC reorganized a number of sections where Articles
2-5 primarily cover use and design standards.
Article 2 - Zone Districts
Article 3 - Building Types
Article 4 - Use Standards
Article 5 - General Development and Site Design
Harmony Corridor standards are now found in Section 2.5.1. While
the text of the code has been reformatted the general standards for
the zone district remain consistent with the previous code.
•While the content of the code has not changed the applicant
has provided a detailed breakdown following the current
organization of the district standards.
Article 3 provides guidance on building forms as building types. This
is new and provide guidance on building design.
•The project complies with the Apartment Building standards
found 3.1.2
Article 4 provides a table of primary uses as well as additional land
use standards. The project conforms as Multi-Unit Dwelling is a
permitted use in the HC zone district.
Article 5 provides general development and site design standards
and is largely a reorganization of the General Development
Standards found in Article 3 of the previous LUC.
•While the content of the code pertaining to this projects has
not significantly changed the applicant has provided a
detailed breakdown following the current organization of the
applicable general design standards.
Complies
Ordinance
No. 056, 2024
This Ordinance updated city code references to align with the adoption of the
revised land use code N/A
Ordinance
No. 057, 2024
This Ordinance amended the zoning map for the naming of the old town
districts. N/A
Ordinance
No. 073, 2024
This Ordinance amended the zoning map I-25 & Mulberry Annexation. N/A
Ordinance
No. 081, 2024
This Ordinance amended the Land Use Code to remove residential
occupancy limits. N/A
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4.Findings of Fact/Conclusion
In evaluating the request for the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony, FDP170006 vested rights extension request,
staff makes the following findings of fact:
1.The vested rights extension request complies with the applicable procedural and administrative requirements
of Article 6 of the Land Use Code.
5.Recommendation
Staff recommends approval of the vested rights extension request for Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony,
FDP170006.
6.Attachments
1.Vested Rights Extension Request
2.Applicant’s Analysis of Project’s Compliance with Article 2, Article 3, Article 4, and Article 5
3.Recorded Final Development Plan for Brick Stone Apartments
4. Approved 2020 Vested Rights Extension Request
5. Approved 2021 Vested Rights Extension Request
6.Minutes from September 15, 2022 Planning & Zoning Commission Hearing
7.Minutes from January 18, 2023 Planning & Zoning Commission Hearing
8.Staff Presentation
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MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
6.3.11(E)(4) – Extensions
Extensions for two (2) successive periods of one (1) year each may be granted by the Director,
upon a finding that the plan complies with all applicable development standards as contained in
Articles 3 and 5 and Zone District Standards as contained in Articles 2 and 4 at the time of the
application for the extension. Any additional one-year extensions shall be approved, if at all, only
by the Planning and Zoning Commission, upon a finding that the plan complies with all
applicable development standards as contained in Articles 3 and 5 and zone district standards
as contained in Articles 2 and 4 at the time of the application for the extension, and that (a) the
applicant has been diligent in constructing the engineering improvements required pursuant to
paragraph (3) above, though such improvements have not been fully constructed, or (b) due to
other extraordinary and exceptional situations unique to the property, completing all
engineering improvements would result in unusual and exceptional practical difficu lties or undue
hardship upon the applicant, and granting the extension would not be detrimental to the public
good. A request for an extension of the term of vested right under this Section must be
submitted to the Director in writing at least thirty (30) days prior to the date of expiration. Time
is of the essence. The granting of extensions by the Director under this Section may, at the
discretion of the Director, be referred to the Planning and Zoning Commission.
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is a residential development originally approved by the
Planning and Zoning Board in 2017, in which the FDP formally approved on December 14, 2017.
The application has been extended several times, as allowed by code, and most recently approved
by the Planning and Zoning Commission in December of 2023. The development consists of a
residential building located in the Harmony Corridor (HC) zone district fronting Harmony Road. It
contains 116 market-rate dwelling units and a parking garage which provides 197 parking spaces.
The applicant would like to formally request an extension to the application and associated
development rights pursuant to Land Use Code section 6.3.11(E)(4). The following analysis and
attached exhibits demonstrate the application’s compliance with the requirements set forth in the
Land Use Code for the extension.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 1
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MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
Over the past year, since the Planning and Zoning Commission approved the most recent
extension request for this application, the applicant has actively explored various options to
advance the project as originally envisioned. However, the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony
project has faced significant delays due to economic challenges. Adverse market conditions,
including rising construction and material costs and higher interest rates, have hindered progress.
Additionally, the City of Fort Collins has implemented updates to the Land Use Code during this
period.
This extension request seeks additional time for the applicant to navigate these challenges. The
project team remains optimistic that the economic conditions outlined above will improve in the
coming months, with the market suggesting a looming interest rate drop . This would enable the
project to proceed as planned, contributing to the City’s housing goals and revitalizing a
development with substantial community benefits.
Land Use Code section 6.3.11(E)(4) states that additional one-year extensions shall be approved, if at
all, only by the Planning and Zoning Commission, upon a finding that the plan complies with all
applicable development standards as contained in Articles 3 and 5 and zone district standards as
contained in Articles 2 and 4 at the time of the application for the extension, and that
(a)the applicant has been diligent in constructing the engineering improvements required
pursuant to paragraph (3) above, though such improvements have not been fully
constructed
OR
(b)due to other extraordinary and exceptional situations unique to the property , completing all
engineering improvements would result in unusual and exceptional practical difficulties or
undue hardship upon the applicant
AND
(c)granting the extension would not be detrimental to the public good.
The following analysis will discuss the application’s compliance with each of these standards,
respectively.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 1
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
Ripley Design has prepared a comprehensive analysis of each section of the new Land Use Code
(LUC) for Articles 2 through 5 (see Exhibit A). Some standards remain the same as the older version
of the LUC under which the project was originally approved. In general, when these conditions exist
the analysis explains that the project was originally considered to meet the standard, and therefore
it still does. In the circumstance that a standard has been modified or added, the project has been
compared against the new standard and reviewed for comp liance. Exhibit A outlines the results of
that analysis section by section.
To summarize the results of the analysis in Exhibit A, all applicable development standards as
contained in Articles 3 and 5, as well as the applicable standards in Articles 2 and 4, have been met
without exception.
The infrastructure requirements along Harmony Road present an extraordinary and exceptional
situation unique to this property. These unique infrastructure requirements are as follows:
-Construction of a turn lane extension on Harmony Road with curb and gutter
-Installation of a new concrete pad for Type III bus stop
-Installation of a ditch culvert extension
-Expanded sidewalk bridge over said ditch culvert
-Offsite ADA curb ramps.
In addition to these unique challenges listed above and as shown in the graphic below, hardships
related to project timing have significantly delayed the installation of necessary public
infrastructure. A major irrigation facility traverses the site, and the required improvements to
Harmony Road will directly impact this system. Consequently, construction on Harmony Road for
public infrastructure improvements is restricted to a limited window between October 15th and April
1st, outside the active irrigation season.
The cost of this ditch infrastructure is estimated at over ~$400,000, compiled with the time
constraints to construct these improvements outside of the active irrigation season, it has also
limited the opportunity for all financing conditions to line up perfectly. Bearing the cost of this
infrastructure separately from the construction of the rest of the project results in undue hardship on
the applicant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 1
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
Approving this extension request is not detrimental to the public good for several reasons. The
property has always been vacant and undeveloped, no change to the status quo. Additionally, t he
property has been properly maintained and is not a nuisance. There are existing pedestrian and
bike facilities along the frontage, with no barriers to accessing destinations along Harmony Road
provided by a temporary 6’ wide sidewalk. Without an extension, there would need to be another
project proposed on this site and it could take many years for public infrastructure to be
completed, depending on when/if another project is approved. All in all, extending the vested
rights for this project has no downside and is beneficial to the public good.
As demonstrated through this analysis and the attached Exhibit A, The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony complies with all requirements outlined in LUC Section 6.3.11(E)(4).
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 1
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony | Exhibit A
Land Use Code Analysis
12/05/2024
Background
Pursuant to Section 6.3.11(E)(4) of the City of Fort Collins Land Use Code, the Brick Stone
Apartments on Harmony-Final Development Plan is requesting an additional one (1) year
extension from the Planning and Zoning Board. The City of Fort Collins granted a one (1) year
extension in September of 2023 which will expire on December 14th, 2024. The applicant is
requesting a third one (1) year extension for the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony located on
Harmony Road. Ripley Design has reviewed the general development standards as contained in
Articles 3 and 5 as well as the Zone District Standards as contained in Articles 2 and 4 of the City
of Fort Collins Land Use Code for compliance with current and adopted code.
Ripley Design has reviewed the Land Use Code changes effective May 17, 2024, and has
compiled the summary below for Staff’s review. The analysis below contains the applicable
standards and sections of the newly adopted Land Use Code and is accompanied by our
determination of compliance for each standard. Pursuant to Section 6.3.11(E)(4) only an
analysis of Articles 2, 3, 4, and 5 are included.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪Article 2 – Zone Districts
o 2.1 Residential – N/A
o 2.2 Mixed-Use Districts
▪Section 2.2.2 MMN – N/A
▪Section 2.2.3 HMN – N/A
▪Section 2.2.4 NC – N/A
o 2.3 Commercial
▪2.3.1 CC – N/A
▪2.3.2 CCN -N/A
▪2.3.3 CCR – N/A
▪2.3.4 CG – N/A
▪2.3.5 CS – N/A
▪2.3.6 CL – N/A
o 2.4 Downtown – N/A
o 2.5 Employment, Industrial, Other
▪Section 2.5.1 Harmony Corridor District (HC)
o A. Purpose
Required Provided
The Brick Stone
Apartments on
Harmony
implements the
design concepts
and land use vision
of the Harmony
Corridor Plan.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o B. Land Use Standards
▪6. Harmony Corridor land use and locational standards
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
Required Provided
The Brick Stone
Apartments on Harmony
is compliant with the
land use and locational
standards of the
Harmony Corridor and
the following specific
standards to the extent
that such standards
apply.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪2.5.1(B)(7) Secondary uses
Required Provided
As reviewed and approved
with the original application,
the residential use doesn’t
occupy more than 25% of
the total gross area of any
development plan.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
o C. Dimensional Standards
▪1. Maximum height
Required Provided
The original application
was reviewed and
approved with 3 stories
as shown in the site plan
set as well as in the staff
report for the original
hearing. The definition of
measuring height has
not changed in the Land
Use Code, therefore the
project still meets the 3-
story requirement for
height.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪2. New structures > 80,000 sf in gross leasable area – N/A
▪3. Building additions > 80,000 sf in gross leasable area – N/A
o D. Density/Intensity
Required Provided
The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony are providing 26.32
du/ac (gross). This is above the
minimum of 7 dwelling units per
acre for residential land.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
o E. Site Design
▪Multiple parcel ownership – N/A
▪Scale and height of buildings – N/A
▪Commercial/retail uses – N/A
o F. Building Standards
▪Industrial Buildings – N/A
▪Campus Exception – N/A
o 2.6 – Overlay Districts – N/A
▪Article 3 – Building Types
o 3.1.1 - Mixed-Use – N/A
o 3.1.2 Apartment Building
▪Building Height
Required Provided
As mentioned above in
article 2, the original
application was reviewed
and approved as 3 stories
as shown in the site plan
set as well as in the staff
report for the original
hearing. The definition of
measuring height has not
changed in the Land Use
Code, therefore the project
still meets the 3-story
requirement for height as
outlined in the HC zone
district.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪Contextual Height Setback
Required Provided
The property abuts lots in the
General Commercial (CG) and
the Urban Estate (UE) zone
districts. The maximum
building height in CG is 4
stories and the max building
height in UE is 3 stories.
Neither of these abutting
zone districts have a lower
maximum building height,
therefore no contextual
height setback is provided.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪Roof Design
Required Provided
The Brick Stone
Apartments on Harmony
have sloped roofs. The
project meets the
following standards, which
is at least 2 of the
described criteria in the
code:
▪The primary roof
line shall be
articulated
through a
variation or
terracing in
height, detailing
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
and/or change in
massing.
▪Secondary roofs
shall transition
over entrances,
porches, garages,
dormers, towers
or other
architectural
projections.
▪Offsets in roof
planes shall be a
minimum of two
(2) feet in the
vertical plane.
-
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪Facades & Walls
Required Provided
Façade articulation for the
Brick Stone on Harmony
Apartments is
accomplished through
covered
doorways/balconies,
offsetting the floor plan,
recession/projection of
design elements, and
changes in both materials
and color.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪Massing
Required Provided
The Brick Stone
Apartments on
Harmony feature
secondary roofing on
primary entrances, like
that of a detached
house. Large facades
and walls are divided
through materials,
texture, and variation
in the wall planes.
Vertical elements
break up the walls so
there is visual variety
to the wall plane.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪Primary Entrances
Required Provided
Primary entrances
feature a porch and
landscaping. These
entrances are on the
street-facing façade
looking toward
Harmony Road.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪Vehicular Access & Parking
Required Provided
No alleys exist on the site.
Off-street parking is
located in an underground
parking garage as well as
spaces to the South of the
building, making it further
from the right-of-way to
the building.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 3.1.3 Cottage Court – N/A
o 3.1.4 Rowhouse – N/A
o 3.1.5 Duplex – N/A
o 3.1.6 Detached House – Urban - N/A
o 3.1.7 Detached House – Suburban – N/A
o 3.1.8 Detached Accessory Structures – N/A
o 3.1.9 Accessory Dwelling Unit – N/A
o 3.1.10 Residential Cluster – N/A
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪Article 4 – Use Standards
▪4.1 Purpose
Required Provided
This Article classifies the uses allowed by
zone district in order to identify the
activities that support the health, safety,
and welfare of the people that live and
work in all areas of Fort Collins. This
Article also includes standards that may
apply to a specific use
The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony is a residential
development with allowable
uses that support the health,
safety, and welfare of the people
that live and work in Fort Collins.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪4.2 Table of Primary Uses
Required Provided
The Fort Collins Land Use Code provides a
table that lists all allowed primary uses
per Districts.
The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony is a residential
development with multi-unit
dwellings, which are an allowed
use in the Harmony Corridor
Zone District.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪4.3.1 Residential Uses
▪4.3.1 (H) Multi-Unit Dwelling
Required Provided
(H)Multi-Unit Dwelling has three or more
habitable dwelling units contained within
a permitted building type. The land
underneath the primary structure is not
divided into separate lots.
The Brick Stone Apartments
have 116 habitable dwelling
units that are contained in a
multi-unit dwelling. The land
underneath is not divided into
separate lots.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪4.3.2 Institutional / Civic/ Public Uses – N/A
▪4.3.3 Commercial / Retail Uses - N/A
▪4.3.4 Industrial Uses – N/A
▪4.3.5 Accessory/Miscellaneous Uses – N/A
▪Article 5 – General Development and Site Design
o DIVISION 5.1 Applicability
Required Provided
Applicability. Article 5, general
development and site design standards
apply throughout the City and are not
unique to a specific zone disctict, unless
excluded as stated in a specific standard
such as Chapter 14 of the Code of the City
of Fort Collins regarding Landmarks.
The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony meet the general
development and site design
standards as outlined in Article
5.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
o DIVISION 5.2 Affordable Housing – N/A
o DIVISION 5.3 Residential Development
▪5.3.1(A) &(B)- Residential Developments Purpose/Applicability
Required Provided
(A) Purpose. To promote variety of
architecture and housing choices that
create cohesion within a development
project and relates to the surrounding
context.
(B) Applicability. Division 5.3 applies to all
residential development projects that
approve one or more buildings on one or
more parcels unless otherwise excluded
in a specific standard.
The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony promote a variety of
housing choices with varying
architecture, while remaining
compatible with surrounding
context.
This section is applicable to this
project since it’s a residential
development project.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪5.3.2 Multi-Building and Mix of Housing
•5.3.2 (C)(1) – Mix of Housing Types
Required Provided
Not applicable, since the
site is not over 15 acres.
There is 1 building type
on 4.408 acres.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
•5.3.2 (D) – Relationship of Dwellings to Streets and Parking
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
o (1) Orientation to a connecting walkway
Required Provided
(1) Orientation to a Connecting Walkway.
Every front facade with a primary
entrance to a dwelling unit shall face the
adjacent street to the extent reasonably
feasible. Every front facade with a primary
entrance to a dwelling unit shall face a
connecting walkway with no primary
entrance more than two hundred (200)
feet from a street sidewalk and the
address shall be posted to be visible from
the intersection of the connecting
walkway and public right of way. The
following exceptions to this standard are
permitted:
The front façade of the building
faces Harmony Road, with a
street sidewalk located within
200 feet from the primary
entrances of dwelling units to
the building. The address will be
posted and visible from Harmony
Road.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.3.2 (E) – Block requirements
Required Provided
(E) Block Requirements. All development
shall comply with the applicable
standards set forth below, unless the
decision maker determines that
compliance with a specific element of the
standard is infeasible due to unusual
topographic features, existing
development, safety factors or a natural
area or feature:
(1) Block Structure. Each multi-unit
project shall be developed as a series of
complete blocks bounded by streets
(public or private). (See Block Examples at
5(a)-(f) below). Natural areas, irrigation
ditches, high-voltage power lines,
The Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony are bounded by
Harmony Road to the North,
Fairway Estates to the West,
Housing Sub. Fort Collins
Supportive to the East, and the
Mail Creek Floodway to the
South. The block size of the site
is less than (7) acres. No mid-
block pedestrian crossings are
required as the block length is
less than 700’. Fifty (50) percent
of the block faces of the total
block consists of building
frontage and plazas.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
operating railroad tracks and other similar
substantial physical features may form up
to two (2) sides of a block.
(2) Block Size. All blocks shall be limited to
a maximum size of seven (7) acres.
(3) Mid-block Pedestrian Connections. If
any block face is over seven hundred
(700) feet long, then walkways connecting
to other streets shall be provided at
approximately mid-block or at intervals of
at least every six hundred fifty (650) feet,
whichever is less.
(4) Minimum Building Frontage. Forty (40)
percent of each block side or fifty (50)
percent of the block faces of the total
block shall consist of either building
frontage, plazas or other function open
space.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.3.2 (F) – Residential Building Setbacks, Lot Width, and Size
Required Provided
(1) Setback from Arterial Streets. Except
as provided in Articles 2 and 3, the
minimum setback for residential buildings
and all incidental detached accessory
buildings shall be thirty (30) feet from any
arterial street right-of-way.
As reviewed and approved with
the original application, a 15’
Setback along Harmony Road is
provided. The Brick Stone
Apartments meet the exception
detailed in (3)(a): The
apartments provide a porch or
balcony that have a minimum
depth of six (6) feet and a
minimum length of (8) feet.
Analysis
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant using the exception in
section 5.3.2(F)(3)(a).
▪ 5.3.3 Neighborhood Centers – N/A
▪ 5.3.4 Small Neighborhood Parks – N/A
▪ 5.3.5 Garage Design – N/A
▪ 5.3.6 Second Kitchen – N/A
o DIVISION 5.4 - DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
▪ 5.4.2 Development Improvements - N/A
▪ 5.4.3 Engineering Design Standards – N/A
▪ 5.4.4 Plat and Development Standards
• (B) Lots
Required Provided
(1) No lot in a subdivision shall have less
area than required under the applicable
zoning requirements of the City. Each lot
must have vehicular access to a public
street. Lots with both front and rear
frontage on a street shall not be
permitted except where necessary to
provide separation from arterial streets or
from incompatible land uses, or to take
access from an alley.
(2) The general layout of lots, roads,
driveways, utilities, drainage facilities and
other services within the proposed
development shall be designed in a way
that enhances an interconnected street
system within and between
neighborhoods, preserves natural areas
and features, and otherwise accomplishes
the purposes and intent of this Code.
Applicants shall refer to the development
standards set forth in Articles 2 through 5
of this Code and shall apply them in the
layout of the development in order to
avoid creating lots or patterns of lots that
The lot for Brick Stone
Apartments on Harmony has
vehicular access and the general
layout of the development,
roads, utilities, etc. are designed
in a way to enhance an
interconnected street system
within and in-between
neighborhoods.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
will make compliance with such
development standards difficult or
infeasible.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
• (C) Public Sites, Reservations and Dedications
Required Provided
(1) An applicant shall be required to
dedicate rights-of-way for public streets,
drainage easements and utility easements
as needed to serve the area being
developed and/or platted. In cases where
any part of an existing road is abutting or
within the tract being developed and/or
subdivided, the applicant shall dedicate
such additional rights-of-way as may be
necessary to increase such roadway to
the minimum width required under this
Code for such street.
As reviewed and approved with
the original development plan,
23’ of right-of-way dedication is
provided for Harmony Road. A
15’ utility easement is provided
on the north and east side of the
property.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.4.5 Master Street Plan
Required Provided
D) Compliance With Master Street Plan.
All development plans shall provide for or
accommodate the streets and
transportation facilities identified on the
Master Street Plan that are associated
with the development plan.
(E) Compliance with Access Control Plans.
The State Highway Access Control Code
The development plan is in
compliance with the Master
Street Plan. Harmony Road is
identified as an “Major Arterial 6
lanes” as stated in the Fort
Collins Master Street Plan. The
development plan has been
designed to comply and
accommodate the streets and
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
and/or any specific access control plan
shall determine the location of all
intersections (whether of public streets or
private drives or other access ways) with
state highways or City streets, as
applicable. All development plans that are
adjacent to a state or federal highway
shall provide the access design facilities,
including supporting circulation facilities,
identified within any applicable adopted
access control plans, when such facilities
are needed because of the development
plan. All development plans shall be in
compliance with applicable State
regulations including, but not limited to,
CDOT regulations. In addition, all
development plans that are adjacent to
any street for which an access control
plan has been adopted by the City shall
provide the access design facilities,
including supporting circulation facilities,
identified within such access control plan,
when such facilities are needed because
of the development plan.
transportation facilities in the
area.
The project generally complies
with the Harmony Road Access
Control Plan update, while
considering current site and road
conditions.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.4.6 Streets, streetscapes, alleys and easements – N/A
▪ 5.4.7 Street pattern and connectivity standards
• (E) – Distribution of Local Traffic to Multiple Arterial Streets
Required Provided
(E) Distribution of Local Traffic to Multiple
Arterial Streets. All development plans
shall contribute to developing a local
street system that will allow access to and
from the proposed development, as well
as access to all existing and future
development within the same section
As approved with the original
application, access to The Brick
Stone Apartments will come
from the road that currently
serves the Harmony Road
Apartments. Due to the existing
Mail Creek Ditch, other street
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
mile as the proposed development, from
at least three (3) arterial streets upon
development of remaining parcels within
the section mile, unless rendered
infeasible by unusual topographic
features, existing development or a
natural area or feature. The local street
system shall allow multi-modal access and
multiple routes from each development
to existing or planned neighborhood
centers, parks and schools, without
requiring the use of arterial streets,
unless rendered infeasible by unusual
topographic features, existing
development or a natural area or feature.
connections are infeasible for
the development.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.4.8 – Emergency Access
Required Provided
(A) Purpose. This Section is intended to
ensure that emergency vehicles can gain
access to, and maneuver within, the
project so that emergency personnel can
provide fire protection and emergency
services without delays.
(B) General Standard. All developments
shall provide adequate access for
emergency vehicles and for those persons
rendering fire protection and emergency
services by complying with Article 9, Fire
Department Access and Water Supply, of
the Uniform Fire Code as adopted and
amended pursuant to Chapter 9 of the
ARTICLE 5 – GENERAL DEVELOPMENT
AND SITE DESIGN 5-31 | ARTICLE 5 | CITY
OF FORT COLLINS – LAND USE CODE City
Code. All emergency access ways,
easements, rights-of-way or other rights
As approved with the original
application for Brick Stone
Apartments, two 30’ emergency
access easements and a 40’
access and emergency access
easement are provided to
ensure that emergency vehicles
can access all sides of the
building.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
required to be granted pursuant to the
Uniform Fire Code must include not only
access rights for fire protection purposes,
but also for all other emergency services.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Campus is compliant
o 5.4.9 Bus Stop Design Standards
Required Provided
(B) General Standard. All development
located on an existing or planned transit
route shall install or construct a transit
stop and other associated facilities on an
easement or right-of-way dedicated to
the City as prescribed by the City of Fort
Collins Bus Stop Design Standards and
Guidelines in effect at the time of
installation, unless the Director
determines that adequate transit facilities
consistent with the Bus Stop Design
Standards already exist to serve the needs
of the development. All development
located on existing transit routes will
accommodate the transit facilities by
providing the same at the time of
construction. All development located on
planned routes will accommodate said
facilities by including the same in the
development plan and escrowing funds to
enable the City or its agents to construct
the transit facilities at the time transit
service is provided to the development.
All facilities installed or constructed shall,
upon acceptance by the City, become the
property of the City and shall be
maintained by the City or its agent.
The development is located
along an existing transit route,
therefore a type III bus stop is
installed adjacent to the north
portion of the site, along
Harmony Road.
Analysis
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 51
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.4.10 Transportation Level of Service Requirements
Required Provided
(B) General Standard. All development
plans shall adequately provide vehicular,
pedestrian, mobility devices, and bicycle
facilities necessary to maintain the
adopted transportation level of service
standards. The vehicular level of service
standards are those contained in Table 4-
2 of the Larimer County Urban Area
Street Standards (LCUASS). The bicycle
and pedestrian level of service standards
are those contained in Part II of the City
of Fort Collins Multi-modal Transportation
Level of Service Manual. Mitigation
measures for levels of service that do not
meet the standards are provided in
Section 4.6 of LCUASS. No Transit level of
service standards will be applied for the
purposes of this Section. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, adopted level of service
standards need not be achieved where
the necessary improvements to achieve
such standards are not reasonably related
and proportional to the impacts of the
development. In such cases, the Director
may require improvements or a portion
thereof that are reasonably related and
proportional to the impacts of the
development, or the requirement may be
varied or waived pursuant to LCUASS
Section 4.6.
As provided with the approved
Transportation memo, the
development provides adequate
vehicular, pedestrian, mobility
devices and bicycle facilities
necessary to maintain the
adopted transportation level of
service standards.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 52
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
o DIVISION 5.5. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
o 5.5.1 Noise and Vibration – N/A
o 5.5.2 Hazardous Materials – N/A
o 5.5.3 Glare or Heat – N/A
o 5.5.4 Solar Access, Orientation, and Shading
Required Provided
(E) Shading. (1) The physical elements of
the development plan shall be, to the
maximum extent feasible, located and
designed so as not to cast a shadow onto
structures on adjacent property greater
than the shadow which would be cast by
a twenty –five (25) foot hypothetical wall
located along the property lines of the
project between the hours of 9:00 am
and 3:00 pm, MST, on December 21. This
provision shall not apply to structures
within the following high-density zone
districts: Downtown, Community
Commercial, and Transit-Oriented Overlay
District.
The building on the Brick Stone
Apartments is designed so that it
will not cast a shadow onto
structures on adjacent
properties that would be greater
than the shadow of a 25-foot
hypothetical wall.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.5.5 Parks and Trails – N/A
o DIVISION 5.6 - ENVIRONMENTAL SITE SUSTAINABILITY
▪ 5.6.1 Natural Habitats and Features
Required Provided
(E) Establishment of Buffer Zones. Buffer
zones surrounding natural habitats and
features shall be shown on the project
development plan for any development that is
Sufficient buffer around the Mail
Creek Ditch and surrounding
wetlands is provided for the project.
Limits of disturbance lines along the
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 53
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
subject to this Division. The purpose of the
buffer zones is to protect the ecological
character of natural habitats and features
from the impacts of the ongoing activity
associated with the development.
construction areas are also provided
in the FDP.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.6.1.E(2)(d) Buffer Zone Table for Fort Collins Natural Habitats and Features
Required Provided
The project has
accounted for the
50’ Natural Habitat
buffer in the
development plans.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.6.2 Air Quality – N/A
▪ 5.6.3 Water Quality – N/A
▪ 5.6.4 Water Hazards – N/A
▪ 5.6.5 Hazards – N/A
▪ 5.6.6 Health Risks – N/A
▪ 5.6.7 Other jurisdiction environmental compliance – N/A
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 54
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
o DIVISION 5.7 COMPACT URBAN GROWTH STANDARDS
▪ 5.7.1 Compact Urban Growth – N/A
▪ 5.7.2 Contiguity
Required Provided
(1)Degree of Contiguity. At least one-sixth (1 /6) of the
proposed development's boundaries must be contiguous to
existing urban development within either the City or
unincorporated Larimer County within the Growth
Management Area. For purposes of this Section, contiguity
shall not be affected by the existence of a platted street or
alley, a public or private right-of-way, a public or private
transportation right-of-way or area, publicly owned open
space, or a lake, reservoir, stream or other natural or artificial
waterway between the proposed development and existing
urban development.
At least one-sixth
(1/6) of the
proposed
development’s
boundaries are
contiguous to
existing urban
development within
the City of Fort
Collins.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.7.3 Adequate Public Facilities
Required Provided
General Requirements. The approval of all development shall
be conditioned upon the provision of adequate public facilities
and services necessary to serve new development. No Building
Permit shall be issued unless such public facilities and services
are in place, or the commitments described in subparagraph
(E)(1)(a)(II) below have been made, or with respect to
transportation facilities, a variance under LCUASS Section 4.6.7
or an alternative mitigation strategy under LCUASS Section
4.6.8 has been approved. Under this APF management system,
the following is required:
(a) The City shall adopt and maintain level of service standards
for the following public facilities: transportation, water,
wastewater, storm drainage, fire and emergency services,
electrical power and any other public facilities and services
required by the City.
Through the City of
Fort Collins, PFA and
FCLWD, the
development will
maintain level of
service standards for
transportation,
water, wastewater,
storm drainage, fire
and emergency
services, and
electrical power
services.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
(b) No site specific development plan or Building Permit shall
be approved or issued in a manner that will result in a
reduction in the levels of service below the adopted level of
service standards for the affected facility, except as expressly
permitted under this Section (and the referenced provisions of
LCUASS).
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o DIVISION 5.8 HISTORIC – N/A
o DIVISION 5.9 BUILDING PLACEMENT AND SITE DESIGN
▪ 5.9.1. (C)(1) ACCESS, CIRCULATION AND PARKING
• Safety Considerations
Required Provided
(C) Development Standards. All developments shall meet the
following standards:
(1) Safety Considerations. Pedestrians and those utilizing
mobility assisted devices shall be separated from vehicles and
bicycles.
(a) Where complete separation of people and vehicles and
bicycles is not possible, potential hazards shall be minimized by
the use of techniques such as special paving, raised surfaces,
pavement marking, signs or striping, bollards, median refuge
areas, traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting or other
means to clearly delineate pedestrian areas, for both day and
night use.
(b) Where individuals and bicyclists share walkways, the
pedestrian/ assisted mobility devices/bicycle system shall be
designed to be wide enough to easily accommodate the
amount of individuals and bicycle traffic volumes that are
anticipated. A minimum width of eight (8) feet shall be
required and shall meet American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guidelines, Guide for
Development of Bicycle Facilities, August 1991, or any
successor publication. Additional width of up to four (4) feet
The sidewalk
adjacent to the Brick
Stone Apartments is
separated from
vehicles and bicycles
with a landscape
strip.
There is a bike lane
existing on Harmony
Rd to accommodate
bicyclists. If
individuals and
bicyclists were to
share walkways, the
min of 8’
requirement is met.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 56
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
may be required to accommodate higher volumes of bicycle
and pedestrian traffic within and leading to Community
Commercial Districts, Neighborhood Commercial Districts,
schools and parks.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (C)(2)– Curb cuts and Ramps
Required Provided
(2) Curb cuts and Ramps. Curb cuts and ramps shall be located
at convenient, safe locations for the individuals, for bicyclists
and for people pushing strollers or carts. The location and
design of curb cuts and ramps shall meet the requirements of
the International Building Code and the Americans with
Disabilities Act ramp standards and shall avoid crossing or
funneling traffic through loading areas, drive in lanes and
outdoor trash storage/collection areas.
Curb cuts and ramps
are located in
convenient and safe
locations for
individuals and
bicyclists.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1 (C)(3)– Site Amenities
Required Provided
(3) Site Amenities. Development plans shall include site
amenities that enhance safety and convenience and promote
walking or ease of use for of assisted mobility devices, or
bicycling. Site amenities may include bike racks, drinking
fountains, canopies and benches as described in the Fort
Collins Bicycle Program Plan and Pedestrian Plan as adopted by
the City.
Within the
development plan,
the applicant is
proposing amenities
including bike racks
and benches.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 57
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪ 5.9.1. (C)(4) – Bicycle Facilities
Required Provided
MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL REQUIRED: 176 Bike Parking Spaces
(106 Enclosed / 70 Fixed)
116 ENCLOSED/ 60
FIXED SPACES
Reviewed and
approved with the
original application,
this development
provides 176
enclosed and fixed
bicycle parking
spaces meeting the
code required of
176 spaces for this
development.
10 fixed racks shall
be substituted to be
additional enclosed
racks.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (C)(5) – Walkways
Required Provided
(a) Directness and Continuity. Walkways within the site shall be
located and aligned to directly and continuously connect areas
or points of pedestrian origin and destination and shall not be
located and aligned solely based on the outline of a parking lot
configuration that does not provide such direct pedestrian
access. Walkways shall be unobstructed by vertical curbs, stairs,
raised landscape islands, utility appurtenances or other
elements that restrict access and shall link street sidewalks
with building entries through parking lots. Such walkways shall
Walkways within the
site are located and
aligned to
continuously
connect areas/
points of pedestrian
origin. Walkways are
unobstructed. Street
crossings near the
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 58
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
be raised or enhanced with a paved surface not less than six (6)
feet in width. Drive aisles leading to main entrances shall have
walkways on both sides of the drive aisle.
(b) Street Crossings. Where it is necessary for the primary
crossing of drive aisles or internal roadways, the crossing shall
emphasize and place priority on individuals’ access and safety.
The material and layout of the access shall be continuous as it
crosses the driveway, with a break in continuity of the driveway
paving and not in the pedestrian access way. The crossings
must be well-marked using pavement treatments, signs,
striping, signals, lighting, traffic calming techniques, median
refuge areas and landscaping. (See Figure 3.)
development are
well marked and
newly painted.
There are no
internal crossing of
drive aisles or
roadways.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1 (E)(1)(2)(3) – Parking Lot Layout
Required Provided
(1) Circulation Routes. Parking lots shall provide well-defined
circulation routes for vehicles, bicycles, and individuals and
pedestrians.
(2) Traffic Control Devices. Standard traffic control signs and
devices shall be used to direct traffic where necessary within a
parking lot.
(3) Orientation. Parking bays shall be perpendicular to the land
uses they serve to the maximum extent feasible. Large parking
lots shall include walkways that are located in places that are
logical and convenient for pedestrians.
The parking lot
provides a well-
defined circulation
route for vehicles
and individuals. The
signage will be used
to direct traffic both
into and out of the
parking lot.
Parking bays are
perpendicular to the
land use and are
logical in terms of
the orientation with
the land use.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 59
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪ 5.9.1 (E)(4)(5)
Required Provided
(4) Landscaped Islands. Landscaped islands with raised curbs
shall be used to define parking lot entrances, the ends of all
parking aisles and the location and pattern of primary internal
access drives, and shall provide pedestrian refuge areas and
walkways.
(5) Points of Conflict. The lot layout shall specifically address
the interrelation of pedestrian, vehicular and bicycle
circulation in order to provide continuous, direct pedestrian
access with a minimum of driveway and drive aisle crossings.
Remedial treatment such as raised pedestrian crossings,
forecourts and landings, special paving, signs, lights and
bollards shall be provided at significant points of conflict.
Landscaped islands
are provided at the
parking lot entrance,
at the ends of parking
aisles and along
walkways.
The parking lot to the
south has a
landscape edge along
the east side to
prevent car
headlights from
spilling into the
neighboring property.
With the original
application, there
was consideration for
a sidewalk from that
parking lot, but
ultimately decided for
a landscape edge
instead. Because the
lot is also located
close to the natural
habitat buffer zone,
adding a sidewalk on
the other side would
encroach into the
buffer.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 60
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪ 5.9.1 (J)(1) Setbacks
Required Provided
The parking lot on
the south side of the
building has more
than 6 spaces, and
has an approximate
average of 6 ft
landscape buffer
from the internal lot
line.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1 (K)(1) Parking lots – Residential and Institutional Parking Requirements
Required Provided
REQUIRED: (# OF BEDROOMS PER DWELLING UNITS)
One or less Bedrooms (56 DU’s) x1 = 56 Parking Spaces +
Two Bedrooms (60 DU’s) x1.5 = 90 Parking Spaces +
Three Bedrooms (0 DU’s) x2 = 0 Parking Spaces +
Four and Above Bedrooms (0 DU’s) x3 = 0 Parking Spaces
TOTAL REQUIRED: 146 SPACES
Brick Stone
Apartments are
providing a total of
197 parking spaces.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (K)(2) Nonresidential Parking Requirements – N/A
▪ 5.9.1. (K)(5) Accessible Parking
Required Provided
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 61
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
a). Accessible spaces. Parking spaces for those living with a
disability shall have a stall width of thirteen (13) feet unless
the space is parallel to a pedestrian walk. Other dimensions
shall be the same as those for standard vehicles. Any such
spaces shall be designated as being for the handicapped with
a raised standard identification sign.
(b) Location. Accessible parking spaces shall be located next
the nearest accessible building entrance, using the shortest
possible accessible route of travel., the accessible route of
travel shall not cross lanes for vehicular traffic. When crossing
vehicle traffic lanes is deemed necessary by the City and
acceptable under the federal standards, the route of travel
shall be designated and marked as a crosswalk.
(c) Marking. Every accessible parking space shall be identified
by a sign, centered between three (3) feet and five (5) feet
above the parking surface, at the head of the parking space.
The sign shall include the international symbol of accessibility
and state RESERVED, or equivalent language.
d) Amount. Each parking lot shall contain at least the
minimum specified number of accessible spaces as provided
in the table below. Regardless of the number of accessible
spaces required, at least one (1) such space shall be
designated as a van-accessible space, and must be a minimum
of eight (8) feet wide and adjoin a minimum eight-foot-wide
access aisle.
REQUIRED: 6 Accessible Spaces
Out of the total 197
parking spaces
provided, the project
is providing 6
accessible parking
stalls with a 13’
width.
Accessible spaces are
located next to the
nearest accessible
building entrance.
During construction,
it will be confirmed
that every accessible
space will be
identified by signs
compliant to these
standards.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (K)(6) Loading Zones
Required Provided
(6) Loading Zones. All development shall provide loading
zones and service areas adequately sized to accommodate the
types of vehicles that use them. Such loading zones and
service areas shall be indicated on the development plan.
Loading zones and
service areas are
provided and
adequately sized.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 62
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (L)(1) Parking Stall Dimensions
Required Provided
90 Degree: 9x19 in
Parking Garage
90 Degree: 9X17 for
surface with 2’
reduction for vehicle
overhang
One way Drive Aisle:
20’-21’4” in Parking
Garage
Two-way Drive Aisle:
30’-24’ for surface
parking
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (L)(2) Compact Spaces
Required Provided
90 Degree:
9x17 in surface
parking lot
Two-way Drive Aisle:
24’-30’
Analysis
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 63
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.9.1. (L)(3) Long-Term Spaces
Required Provided
90 Degree: 9x19 in
parking garage
Two-way Drive Aisle:
24’
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
• DIVISION 5.10 LANDSCAPING AND TREE PROTECTION
o 5.10.1 Landscaping and Tree Protection (D) TREE PLANTING STANDARDS
Required Provided
(D) Tree Planting Standards. All developments shall establish
groves and belts of trees along all city streets, in and around
parking lots, and in all landscape areas that are located within
fifty (50) feet of any building or structure in order to establish
at least a partial urban tree canopy. The groves and belts may
also be combined or interspersed with other landscape areas in
remaining portions of the development to accommodate views
and functions such as active recreation and storm drainage.
Trees are currently
proposed along
streets and around
the parking lot as
well as the
landscaped areas
located within 50’ of
any building.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.10.1(D)(2) Landscaping and Tree Protection
Required Provided
(2) Street Trees. Planting of street trees shall occur in the
adjoining street right-of-way, except as described in
As reviewed and
approved in the
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 64
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
subparagraph (b) below, in connection with the development
by one (1) or more of the methods described in subparagraphs
(a) through (d) below:
(a) Wherever the sidewalk is separated from the street by a
parkway, canopy shade trees shall be planted at thirty-foot to
forty-foot spacing (averaged along the entire front and sides of
the block face) in the center of all such parkway areas. If two
(2) or more consecutive residential lots along a street each
measure between forty (40) and sixty (60) feet in street
frontage width, one (1) tree per lot may be substituted for the
thirty-foot to forty-foot spacing requirement. Such street trees
shall be placed at least eight (8) feet away from the edges of
driveways and alleys, and forty (40) feet away from any
streetlight and to the extent reasonably feasible, be positioned
at evenly spaced intervals.
(b) Wherever the sidewalk is attached to the street in a manner
that fails to comply with the Larimer County Urban Area Street
Standards, canopy shade trees shall be established in an area
ranging from three (3) to seven (7) feet behind the sidewalk at
the spacing intervals as required in subsection (a) above.
Wherever the sidewalk is attached to the street and is ten (10)
feet or more in width, or extends from the curb to the property
line, canopy shade trees shall be established in planting cutout
areas of at least sixteen (16) square feet at thirty-foot to forty-
foot spacing.
(c) Ornamental trees shall be planted in substitution for the
canopy shade trees required in subsection (D)(2)(a) and (b)
above where overhead lines and fixtures prevent normal
growth and maturity. Ornamental trees shall be placed at least
fifteen (15) feet away from any streetlight.
original application,
some street trees
are planted further
than the required
maximum spacing of
40’. Additionally,
ornamental trees
are substituted for
shade trees in the
parkway between
Harmony Road and
the walk.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 65
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
o 5.10.1 (D)(3) Minimum species diversity
Required Provided
There are 112 Trees
on site
Max % of any one
species: 10%
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.10.1 (D)(4) Tree species and minimum sizes
Required Provided
Canopy Trees: 2”
CAL
EVERGREEN TREES:
6’
ORNAMENTAL
TREES: 1.5’ CAL
SHRUBS: 5 GAL
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.10.1 (D)(5) Reduced minimum sizes for affordable housing projects - N/A
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 66
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
o 5.10.1 (E)(1) Buffering between incompatible uses and activities - N/A
o 5.10.1 (E)(2) Landscape area treatment
Required Provided
(2) Landscape Area Treatment. Landscape areas shall include all
areas on the site that are not covered by buildings, structures,
paving or impervious surface, or other outdoor areas including
play areas, plaza spaces, patios, and the like. Landscape areas
shall consist only of landscaping. The selection and location of
turf, ground cover (including shrubs, grasses, perennials,
flowerbeds and slope retention), and pedestrian paving and
other landscaping elements shall be used to prevent erosion
and meet the functional and visual purposes such as defining
spaces, accommodating and directing circulation patterns,
managing visibility, attracting attention to building entrances
and other focal points, and visually integrating buildings with
the landscape area and with each other.
Landscape areas on
site consist of turf
grass and planting
beds that are placed
in order to meet the
functional and visual
purposes of the site
and to prevent
erosion.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.10.1 (E)(3)(b) Water conservation
Required Provided
(a) Landscape plans shall include:
(I) A water budget chart that shows
the total annual water use, which shall
not exceed an average of fifteen (15)
gallons/square foot/year for each water
tap.
• Accurate and clear identification of all
applicable hydrozones using the
following categories:
A water budget chart was not provided
or approved with the original
application, however, a hydrozone plan
was created with this analysis. See the
below table (based on the approved
plans) to show that the annual water
use doe not exceed an average of 15
gallons/sf.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 67
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.10.1 (E)(4) Parking lot perimeter landscaping
Required Provided
(a) Trees shall be provided at a ratio of one (1) tree
per twenty-five (25) lineal feet along a public street
and one (1) tree per forty (40) lineal feet along a
side lot line parking setback area.
(b) Screening. Parking lots with six (6) or more
spaces shall be screened from abutting uses and
from the street. Screening from residential uses
shall consist of a fence or wall six (6) feet in height
in combination with plant material and of sufficient
opacity to block at least seventy-five (75) percent
of light from vehicle headlights. Screening from the
street and all nonresidential uses shall consist of a
wall, fence, planter, earthen berm, plant material
or a combination of such elements, each of which
shall have a minimum height of thirty (30) inches.
Such screening shall extend a minimum of seventy
(70) percent of the length of the street frontage of
the parking lot and also seventy (70) percent of the
length of any boundary of the parking lot that
abuts any nonresidential use. Openings in the
required screening shall be permitted for such
features as access ways or drainage ways. Where
screening from the street is required, plans
submitted for review shall include a graphic
depiction of the parking lot screening as seen from
the street. Plant material used for the required
screening shall achieve required opacity in its
As originally reviewed and
approved, 4 trees are provided
per 151 LF along a side lot line
parking setback area. The
southeast edge of the parking lot
is screened from the adjacent
road through the use of
vegetation with a minimum
height of 30 inches.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 68
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
winter seasonal condition within three (3) years of
construction of the vehicular use area to be
screened.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony are compliant.
▪ 5.10.1 (E)(5) Parking lot interior landscaping – N/A
▪ 5.10.1 (E)(6) Screening
Required Provided
(6) Screening. Landscape and building elements shall
be used to screen areas of low visual interest or
visually intrusive site elements (such as trash
collection, open storage, service areas, loading docks
and blank walls) from off-site view. Such screening
shall be established on all sides of such elements
except where an opening is required for access. If
access is possible only on a side that is visible from a
public street, a removable or operable screen shall be
required. The screen shall be designed and
established so that the area or element being
screened is no more than twenty (20) percent visible
through the screen.
• Screening Materials. Required screening shall be
provided in the form of new or existing plantings,
walls, fences, screen panels, topographic changes,
buildings, horizontal separation or a combination of
these techniques.
Areas of low visual interest
are being screened by new
plantings and fences. Trash
collection is within the
parking garage and therefore
is not seen from public view.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.10.1 (F) Tree preservation and mitigation
Required Provided
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 69
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
(F) Tree Preservation and Mitigation. Existing
significant trees (six (6) inches and greater in
diameter) within the LOD and within natural habitat
buffer zones shall be preserved to the extent
reasonably feasible and may help satisfy the
landscaping requirements of this Section as set forth
above. Such trees shall be considered "protected"
trees within the meaning of this Section, subject to
the exceptions contained in subsection (2) below.
Streets, buildings and lot layouts shall be designed to
minimize the disturbance to significant existing trees.
All required landscape plans shall accurately identify
the locations, species, size and condition of all
significant trees, each labeled showing the applicant's
intent to either remove, transplant or protect.
As reviewed and approved
with the original Brick Stone
Apartments application, a
mitigation plan has been
provided to identify the
locations, species, size and
condition of all significant
trees as well as the intent to
either remove, transplant or
protect.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.10.1 (G) Tree protection specifications
Required Provided
(G) Tree Protection Specifications. The following tree
protection specifications shall be followed for all
projects with protected existing trees. Tree
protection methods shall be delineated on the
demolition plans and development plans.
All tree protection
specifications are included on
the FDP.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.10.1 (H) Placement and interrelationship of required landscape plan
elements – N/A
▪ 5.10.1 (I) Landscape materials, maintenance and replacement – N/A
▪ 5.10.1 (J) Irrigation – N/A
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 70
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪ 5.10.1 (K) Utilities and traffic
(K) Utilities and Traffic. Landscape,
utility and traffic plans shall be
coordinated. The following list sets
forth minimum dimension
requirements for the most common
tree/utility and traffic control device
separations. Exceptions to these
requirements may occur where
utilities or traffic control devices are
not located in their standard
designated locations, as approved by
the Director. Tree/utility and traffic
control device separations shall not be
used as a means of avoiding the
planting of required street trees.
(1) Forty (40) feet between shade trees
and streetlights. Fifteen (15) feet
between ornamental trees and
streetlights.
(2) Twenty (20) feet between shade
and/or ornamental trees and traffic
control signs and devices.
(3) Ten (10) feet between trees and
water or sewer mains.
(4) Six (6) feet between trees and water
or sewer service lines.
(5) Four (4) feet between trees and gas
lines.
(6) Street trees on local streets planted
within the eight-foot-wide utility
easement may conflict with utilities.
Additional conduit may be required to
protect underground electric lines.
As previously reviewed and
approved with the original
application, the project was shown
to meet department standards for
separation from utilities, streetlights
and traffic signs.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 71
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
▪ 5.10.1 (L) Visual clearance or sight distance triangle
Required Provided
(L) Visual Clearance or Sight Distance
Triangle. Except as provided in
subparagraphs (1) and (2) below, a visual
clearance triangle, free of any structures
or landscape elements over twenty-four
(24) inches in height, shall be maintained
at street intersections and driveways in
conformance with the standards
contained in the Larimer County Urban
Area Street Standards.
(1) Fences shall not exceed forty-two (42)
inches in height and shall be of an open
design.
(2) Deciduous trees may be permitted to
encroach into the clearance triangle
provided that the lowest branch of any
such tree shall be at least six (6) feet from
grade.
No landscape, fences, or
deciduous trees encroach into
the site distance triangles.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
▪ 5.10.1 (M) Revegetation – N/A
▪ 5.10.1 (N) Alternative compliance – N/A
▪ 5.10.1 (O) Soil amendments – N/A
▪ 5.10.2 Buffering between residential and industrial uses – N/A
▪ 5.10.3 Buffering between buildings with occupiable space and oil and gas –
N/A
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 72
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
• DIVISION 5.11 TRASH AND RECYCLING ENCLOSURES
o 5.11.1 (A) Purpose
o 5.11.1 (B) Applicability
o 5.11.1 (C) General Standards
Required Provided
(1) Areas for the collection and storage of
trash, waste cooking oil, and compostable,
recyclable and other materials (linen
service containers, returnable crates and
pallets, and other similar containers) must
be enclosed so that they are screened
from public view. Enclosures must be
constructed of durable materials such as
masonry and shall be compatible with the
structure to which it is associated.
(2) Areas for the collection and storage of
trash, waste cooking oil, and compostable,
recyclable and other materials must be
adequate in size, number and location to
readily serve the reasonably anticipated
needs of the development's occupants.
(3) Development plans must include
labeled drawings of all proposed
enclosures, internal trash and recycling
rooms, staging areas and the like and
include all proposed dumpsters,
containers, bins and other receptacles and
label the capacity of each. Proposed
recycling capacity must be at least fifty (50)
percent of the proposed trash capacity.
(4) To provide equal access for trash,
compostable and recyclable materials,
space allotted for the collection and
storage of compostable/recyclable
materials must be adequate in size and
provided everywhere space for trash is
provided in a functional manner.
Trash and recycling areas are
enclosed. The Development
Plan provides a labeled drawing
of all of the trash/ recycling
areas and proposed recycling is
at least (50%). Areas for
collection are at least 32 inches
wide. The chutes include both
trash and recycling of the same
size and are to provide signage
for each.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 73
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
(5) Areas for the collection and storage of
trash, waste cooking oil, and compostable,
recyclable and other materials must be
designed to allow walk-in access for
pedestrians separate from the service
opening that is at least thirty-two (32)
inches wide and provides unobstructed
and convenient access to all dumpsters,
containers, bins, and other receptacles.
Where possible, pedestrian entrances are
encouraged to provide door-less entry
unless reasonable circumstances
(preventing illicit activities/usage,
regulated waste streams, and the like) are
demonstrated that would necessitate
doors. If doors are used, they must provide
safe and efficient access.
(6) Areas for the collection and storage of
trash, waste cooking oil, and compostable,
recyclable and other materials must
provide a service opening that is at least
ten (10) feet for haulers to efficiently
maneuver dumpsters, containers, bins and
other receptacles unless an alternative and
functional method is demonstrated on the
plan. Enclosures must provide service
gates unless an alternative and functional
method is demonstrated on the plans that
adequately screen the enclosure from
view. Service gates must be constructed of
metal or other comparable durable
material, and must be finished to ARTICLE
5 – GENERAL DEVELOPMENT AND SITE
DESIGN 5-100 | ARTICLE 5 | CITY OF FORT
COLLINS – LAND USE CODE complements
the enclosure. Service gates must be free
of obstructions that would prevent them
from opening fully, must have a method to
be secured by hardware in both closed and
fully open positions, and must be properly
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
maintained so they may be operated easily
and smoothly.
(7) Areas for the collection and storage of
trash, waste cooking oil, and compostable,
recyclable and other materials, must
include bollards, angle-iron, curbing, metal
framing or other effective method to
protect the interior walls of the enclosure
from being damaged by dumpsters,
containers, bins, and other receptacles.
(8) Areas for the collection and storage of
trash, waste cooking oil, and compostable,
recyclable and other materials must be
designed to provide adequate, safe and
efficient accessibility for haulers and
service vehicles, including but not limited
to front-load, rear-load, side-load, and roll
off trucks and trucks used to pump waste
cooking oil. Development plans must label
the route the hauler will take to service the
development and must comply with
necessary turning radii, width, and height
restrictions for the type of collection
vehicles that will service the development.
(9) To ensure wheeled service dumpsters,
containers, bins and other receptacles can
be rolled smoothly and to prevent damage
to the surfaces they will be wheeled over,
enclosures must be situated on a service
pad that extends beyond the service gates
at their fully open position at least the
width of the widest proposed dumpster,
container, bin and other receptacles plus
an additional two (2) feet. If the truck
access point is separated from the storage
location, a serviceable route that is free of
obstructions must be provided and shall
not exceed a maximum grade of five (5)
percent in the direction of travel and two
(2) percent cross slope. Areas for the
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 75
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
collection and storage of trash, waste
cooking oil, and compostable, recyclable
and other materials, service pads and
serviceable routes must be constructed of
cement concrete. For offsite conditions
such as existing public alleyways, this
standard will only apply to the extent
reasonably feasible.
(10) To provide equal access to trash and
recyclable materials, multi-story buildings
utilizing trash chutes must include a
recycling chute of the same size or larger
than the trash chute. Anywhere a trash
chute is provided a recycling chute must
also be provided adjacent to it. Chutes
must be appropriately labeled "Landfill"
and "Recycle" as appropriate.
(11) Where proposed uses and future uses
that are likely to occupy the development
will generate waste cooking oil, internal
waste cooking oil collection systems are
encouraged. All areas used to store waste
cooking oil must include measures to
prevent spills and contamination of the
stormwater system. Waste cooking oil
containers must be secured in place,
enclosed separately, or separated from
other containers with bollards or another
physical barrier. To prevent rainwater from
carrying residual waste cooking oil into the
stormwater system, all areas used to store
waste cooking oil must include a roof
unless an alternative and functional
method is demonstrated on the plans.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 76
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
•DIVISION 5.12 EXTERIOR SITE LIGHTING
o 5.12.1 (A) Purpose
o 5.12.1 (B) General Standard
o 5.12.1 (C) Design Standards
Required Provided
(C) Design Standards. The lighting plan
shall meet the following requirements, and
all other applicable requirements set forth
in this Section:
(1) Provide a comprehensive plan that
clearly calculates the lumens of all exterior
lighting being proposed and demonstrates
compliance with impacts to adjacent
properties, as outlined in subsections (I)
and (J) below.
(2) Design different use areas considering
nighttime safety, utility, security,
enjoyment, and commerce.
(3) Reinforce and extend the style and
character of the architecture and land use
proposed within the site.
(4) Demonstrate no light trespass onto
Natural Areas, Natural Habitat Buffer Zones
or River Landscape Buffers as defined in
Section 5.6.1(E).
(5) All lighting shall have a nominal
correlated color temperature (CCT) of no
greater than 3000 Kelvin. Consider high
color fidelity lamps relative to the lighting
application.
(6) Light poles shall be anodized (or
otherwise coated) to minimize glare from
the light source.
A comprehensive plan is
provided that clearly calculates
the lumens of all exterior
lighting being proposed.
Analysis
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 77
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.12.1 (D) Existing Lighting
Required Provided
(D) Existing Lighting. Existing lighting
shall mean lighting installed or
approved prior to March 26, 2021.
As reviewed and approved with the
original application, the lighting was
deemed acceptable and is limited to
the minimum necessary for security.
No new fixtures are proposed,
therefore there won’t be any
further requirements.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony are compliant.
o 5.12.1 (E) Conformance with all applicable codes – N/A
o 5.12.1 (F) Exceptions -N/A
o 5.12.1 (G) Prohibited Lighting -N/A
o 5.12.1 (H) Lighting Context Areas -N/A
o 5.12.1 (I) Limits to off-site impacts
Required Provided
As reviewed and
approved with
the original
application, the
lighting was
deemed
acceptable and
is limited to the
minimum
necessary for
security.
Analysis
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 78
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony are compliant.
o 5.12.1 (J) Site lumen limit
Required Provided
As reviewed
and approved
with the
original
application,
the lighting
was deemed
acceptable
and is limited
to the
minimum
necessary for
security.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.12.1 (K) Athletic and recreational fields -N/A
o 5.12.1 (L) Alternative compliance -N/A
o DIVISION 5.13 YARDS AND SETBACKS
o 5.13.1 Yards – N/A
o 5.13.2 Setbacks – N/A
o DIVISION 5.14 RESERVED – N/A
o DIVISION 5.15 BUILDING STANDARDS
o 5.15.1 (A) Purpose
o 5.15.1 (B) General Standard
Required Provided
(B) General Standard. New developments in
or adjacent to existing developed areas shall
The architecture of the new
development sets an
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 79
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
be compatible with the established
architectural character of such areas by using
a design that is complementary. In areas
where the existing architectural character is
not definitively established or is not
consistent with the purposes of this Code,
the architecture of new development shall
set an enhanced standard of quality for
future projects or redevelopment in the area.
Compatibility shall be achieved through
techniques such as the repetition of roof
lines, the use of similar proportions in
building mass and outdoor spaces, similar
relationships to the street, similar window
and door patterns and/or the use of building
materials that have color shades and textures
similar to those existing in the immediate
area of the proposed infill development.
Brick and stone masonry shall be considered
compatible with wood framing and other
materials. Architectural compatibility
(including, without limitation, building
height) shall be derived from the neighboring
context.
enhanced standard of quality
for future projects or
redevelopment in the area.
The project includes similar
relationships to the street
and similar roof lines to the
neighboring development as
well as similar building
materials.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.15.1 (C) Building size, height, bulk, mass, scale
Required Provided
(C) Building Size, Height, Bulk, Mass,
Scale. Buildings shall either be similar
in size and height, or, if larger, be
articulated and subdivided into
massing that is proportional to the
mass and scale of other structures, if
any, on the same block face, abutting
or adjacent to the subject property,
opposing block face or catercorner
Building size, height, bulk, mass and
scale is articulated and subdivided
into massing that is proportional to
the mass and scale of other
structures on abutting or adjacent
property.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 80
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
block face at the nearest intersection.
(See Figures 7a and 7b.)
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.15.1 (D) Privacy considerations
Required Provided
(D) Privacy Considerations. Elements
of the development plan shall be
arranged to maximize the opportunity
for privacy by the residents of the
project and minimize infringement on
the privacy of adjoining land uses.
Additionally, the development plan
shall create opportunities for
interactions among neighbors without
sacrificing privacy or security. (See
Figure 8.)
The development is laid out to
provide maximum privacy for
residents but also creates
opportunities for interactions
among neighbors.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 81
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
o 5.15.1 (E) Building materials
Required Provided
(E) Building Materials.
(1) General. Building materials shall
either be similar to the materials
already being used in the
neighborhood or, if dissimilar
materials are being proposed, other
characteristics such as scale and
proportions, form, architectural
detailing, color and texture, shall be
utilized to ensure that enough
similarity exists for the building to be
compatible, despite the differences in
materials.
(2) Glare. Building materials shall not
create excessive glare. If highly
reflective building materials are
proposed, such as aluminum,
unpainted metal and reflective glass,
the potential for glare from such
materials will be evaluated to
determine whether the glare would
create a significant adverse impact on
the adjacent property owners,
neighborhood or community in terms
of vehicular safety, outdoor activities
and enjoyment of views. If so, such
materials shall not be permitted.
(3) Windows. (a) Mirror glass with a
reflectivity or opacity of greater than
sixty (60) percent is prohibited. (b)
Clear glass shall be used for
commercial storefront display
windows and doors. (c) Windows shall
be individually defined with detail
elements such as frames, sills and
lintels, and placed to visually establish
Building materials for Brick Stone
Apartments consist of similar
materials already being used in the
surrounding area. The building
materials proposed will not create
excessive glare. Windows are
individually defined with detail
elements.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 82
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
and define the building stories and
establish human scale and proportion.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.15.1 (F) Building color
Required Provided
(F) Building Color. Color shades shall be
used to facilitate blending into the
neighborhood and unifying the
development. The color shades of building
materials shall draw from the range of
color shades that already exist on the block
or in the adjacent neighborhood.
The color shades proposed will
be used to facilitate blending
into the development and
draws from the range of color
shades that already exist near
the development.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.15.1 (G) Building Height Review
Required Provided
(a) Review Standards. If any building or
structure is proposed to be greater
than forty (40) feet in height above
grade, the building or structure must
meet the following special review
criteria: (I) Light and Shadow. Buildings
or structures greater than forty (40)
feet in height shall be designed so as
not to have a substantial adverse
impact on the distribution of natural
and artificial light on adjacent public
and private property. Adverse impacts
include, but are not limited to, casting
shadows on adjacent property
sufficient to preclude the functional
use of solar energy technology,
Although greater than 40’, the
building on the development is
designed to not have a substantial
adverse impact on the distribution
of natural and artificial light on
adjacent public and private
property. The building is designed to
address privacy impacts and is
compatible in scale to surrounding
developments.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
Packet Pg. 83
MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
creating glare such as reflecting
sunlight or artificial lighting at night,
contributing to the accumulation of
snow and ice during the winter on
adjacent property and shading of
windows or gardens for more than
three (3) months of the year.
Techniques to reduce the shadow
impacts of a building may include, but
are not limited to, repositioning of a
structure on the lot, increasing the
setbacks, reducing building mass or
redesigning a building shape.
(II) Privacy. Development plans with
buildings or structures greater than
forty (40) feet in height shall be
designed to address privacy impacts
on adjacent property by providing
landscaping, fencing, open space,
window size, window height and
window placement, orientation of
balconies, and orientation of buildings
away from adjacent residential
development, or other effective
techniques.
(III) Neighborhood Scale. Buildings or
structures greater than forty (40) feet
in height shall be compatible with the
scale of the neighborhoods in which
they are situated in terms of relative
height, height to mass, length to mass
and building or structure scale to
human scale
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.15.1 (H) Land use transition – N/A
o 5.15.1 (I) Outdoor storage areas/mechanical equipment
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
Required Provided
(1) No areas for outdoor storage, trash
collection or compaction, loading or
other such uses shall be located within
twenty (20) feet of any public street,
public sidewalk or internal pedestrian
way. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
areas for trash collection may be
located within twenty (20) feet of an
internal pedestrian way.
(2) Loading docks, truck parking,
outdoor storage (including storage
containers), utility meters, HVAC and
other mechanical equipment, trash
collection, trash compaction and other
service functions shall be incorporated
into the overall design theme of the
building and the landscape so that the
architectural design is continuous and
uninterrupted by ladders, towers,
fences and equipment, and no
attention is attracted to the functions
by use of screening materials that are
different from or inferior to the
principal materials of the building and
landscape. These areas shall be
located and screened so that the
visual and acoustic impacts of these
functions are fully contained and out
of view from adjacent properties and
public streets.
(3) Conduit, meters, vents and other
equipment attached to the building or
protruding from the roof shall be
painted to match surrounding building
surfaces.
(4) Outside areas, used on a long-term
or regular basis for inventory storage
or sale, over-stock, seasonal goods,
bulk items and the like shall be located
within an area that is permanently
No area for trash collection is
located within (20) feet of any
public street. Loading docks, utility
meters, HVAC and other equipment
are incorporated into the overall
design theme of the building. No
outside areas are slated for long-
term or regular basis of inventory
storage.
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 2
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MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC. | 419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 | Fort Collins, CO 80521
screened with walls or fences.
Materials, colors and design of
screening walls or fences shall
conform to those used as ARTICLE 5 –
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT AND SITE
DESIGN 5-117 | ARTICLE 5 | CITY OF
FORT COLLINS – LAND USE CODE
predominant materials and colors on
the building. If such areas are to be
covered, then the covering shall
conform to those used as
predominant materials and colors on
the building.
(5) Outside areas that are used on a
temporary basis for the sale of
seasonal inventory only shall be
defined by nonpermanent walls or
fences. Such an enclosure shall not
inhibit fire access to the building or
pedestrian and bicycle access to the
building entrance. If chain link fencing
is used, it must be vinyl-clad or
covered with a mesh material. Any
such enclosure shall be removed upon
the conclusion of the seasonal sale
period. [NOTE: Subsections (4) and (5)
shall not apply to temporary vendors
who have been issued outdoor vendor
licenses as required by Section 15-382
of the City Code, provided that such
temporary vendors are not permitted
to operate for more than sixty (60)
days in any calendar year.]
(6) All rooftop mechanical equipment
shall be screened from public view
from both above and below by
integrating it into building and roof
design to the maximum extent
feasible.
(7) All satellite dishes that are greater
than two (2) meters (78.74 inches) in
diameter must be screened and
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MINIMAL RISK. PAINLESS PROCESS. BEAUTIFUL SPACES.
o: 970.224.5828 | w: ripleydesigninc.com
RIPLEY DESIGN, INC.|419 Canyon Avenue, Suite 200 |Fort Collins, CO 80521
located as required in subsections (1)
through (5) of this Section.
Analysis
The Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony is compliant.
o 5.15.1 (J) Operational/physical compatibility standards – N/A
o 5.15.2 Mixed-Use, Institutional and Commercial Buildings – N/A
o 5.15.3 Large Retail Establishments – N/A
o 5.15.4 Convenience Shopping Center – N/A
•DIVISION 5.16 SIGNS – N/A
•DIVISION 5.17 WATER ADEQUACY DETERMINATIONS – N/A
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LI11
SITE PHOTMETRIC
PLAN
517 S 200 W
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
T 801.879.5089
WWW.BLACKBOXSLC.COM
THE DESIGNS SHOW HEREIN
INCLUDING ALL TECHNICAL DRAWINGS,
GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION & MODELS
THEREOF, ARE PROPRIETARY & CAN
NOT BE COPIED, DUPLICATED, OR
COMMERCIALLY EXPLOITED IN WHOLE
OR IN PART WITHOUT THE SOLE AND
EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM
BLACKBOX, LLC.
THESE DRAWINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR
LIMITED REVIEW AND EVALUATION BY
CLIENTS, CONSULTANTS,
CONTRACTORS, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, VENDORS, AND OFFICE
PERSONNEL ONLY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THIS NOTICE.
PROJECT NAME
DATE
REVISIONS
PROJECT NO.
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
TITLE
SHEET NO.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1617
JO
BNA
SALT LAKE ST.GEORGE
11 MAY 2017
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LI12
LIGHT FIXTURE
SPECIFICATIONS
517 S 200 W
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
T 801.879.5089
WWW.BLACKBOXSLC.COM
THE DESIGNS SHOW HEREIN
INCLUDING ALL TECHNICAL DRAWINGS,
GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION & MODELS
THEREOF, ARE PROPRIETARY & CAN
NOT BE COPIED, DUPLICATED, OR
COMMERCIALLY EXPLOITED IN WHOLE
OR IN PART WITHOUT THE SOLE AND
EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM
BLACKBOX, LLC.
THESE DRAWINGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR
LIMITED REVIEW AND EVALUATION BY
CLIENTS, CONSULTANTS,
CONTRACTORS, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, VENDORS, AND OFFICE
PERSONNEL ONLY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THIS NOTICE.
PROJECT NAME
DATE
REVISIONS
PROJECT NO.
DRAWN BY
CHECKED BY
TITLE
SHEET NO.
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1617
JO
BNA
SALT LAKE ST.GEORGE
11 MAY 2017
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Development Review Center
281 North College Avenue
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522-0580
970-221-6750
fcgov.com/DevelopmentReview
May 26, 2020
Ben Massimino
Management Member
Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony, LLC
1200 Pearl Street, Suite 314
Boulder, CO 80302
RE: Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony Final Development Plan Request for Extension, FDP#170006
Dear Mr. Massimino:
Staff has reviewed and approved your request dated May 18, 2020 regarding a one-year extension to Brick Stone
Apartments on Harmony Final Development Plan, FDP#170006, originally approved on December 14, 2017. Based
on this extension, all engineering improvements in accordance with your approved utility plans must be completed no
later than December 14, 2021.
Pursuant to Section 2.2.11(E)(4) of the Land Use Code, the Director is authorized to grant two successive one-year
extensions. This is the first one-year extension for this project. Any further extension requests may only be approved
at the discretion of the Community Development & Neighborhood Services Director and/or the Planning & Zoning
Board.
Should you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact our office.
Sincerely,
Paul Sizemore
Interim Community Development & Neighborhood Services Director
cc: Project File FDP#170006
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Development Review Center
281 North College Avenue
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522-0580
970-221-6750
fcgov.com/DevelopmentReview
October 14, 2021
Ben Massimino
Management Member
Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony, LLC
1200 Pearl Street, Suite 314
Boulder, CO 80302
RE: Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony Final Development Plan Request for Extension, FDP#170006
Dear Mr. Massimino:
Staff has reviewed and approved your request dated October 12, 2021, regarding a one-year extension to Brick
Stone Apartments on Harmony Final Development Plan, FDP#170006, originally approved on December 14, 2017,
and first extension dated May 26, 2020. Based on this second extension, all engineering improvements in
accordance with your approved utility plans must be completed no later than December 14, 2022.
Pursuant to Section 2.2.11(E)(4) of the Land Use Code, the Director is authorized to grant two successive one-year
extensions. This is the second one-year extension for this project. Any further extension requests may only be
approved at the discretion of the Planning & Zoning Commission.
Should you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact our office.
Sincerely,
Paul Sizemore
Director of Community Development and Neighborhood Services
cc: Project File FDP#170006
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Headline Copy Goes Here
City Planner
Arlo Schumann
Brick Stone
Apartments on
Harmony Vested
Rights Extension
Request
2-20-2025
Headline Copy Goes HereProject Overview
2
• Approved multi-family project
• 116 units
• 197 off-street parking spaces in
garage
• Received vested right December 21,
2017
• No construction activity
• Staff approved two vested rights
extensions in 2020 and 2021
• P&Z approved vested rights extension
in 2022 and 2024
• P&Z decision maker on all future vested
rights extensions
Harmony Rd.
Co
l
l
e
g
e
A
v
e
.
Site
1
2
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Headline Copy Goes Here
3
Review Criteria
Section 6.3.11(E)(4)
• Must comply with all current, applicable standards in Article 2, Article 3, Article 4 and Article 5
• May not be detrimental to the public good
• Meet one of the following criteria:
• Applicant has been diligent in constructing required engineering improvements
• Due to other extraordinary and exceptional situations unique to the property, completing all engineering
improvements would result in unusual and exceptional practical difficulties or undue hardship upon the
applicant
Headline Copy Goes Here
4
Article 3 and Article 4 Compliance
• 29 ordinances amending Land Use Code since creation of vested right
• Only 6 relevant ordinances
Staff FindingsSummaryOrdinance
CompliesAmended landscaping, irrigation,
bicycle parking, walkways, and
multi-family standards
No. 62, 2018
CompliesAmended transportation standards
to align with Larimer County Urban
Area Street Standards
No. 109, 2018
CompliesUpdates to trash and recycling
enclosure standards
No. 129, 2018
CompliesUpdates to landscape and tree
protection standards
No. 077, 2019
CompliesUpdates to water use and irrigation
standards
No. 120, 2021
CompliesAdoption of new foundational Land
Use Code
No. 055, 2024
3
4
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 8
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Headline Copy Goes Here
5
Findings of Fact
In evaluating the request for the Brick Stone Apartments on Harmony, FDP170006 vested rights extension
request, staff makes the following findings of fact:
1. The vested rights extension request complies with the applicable procedural and administrative requirements
of Article 6 of the Land Use Code.
Headline Copy Goes Here
6
Recommendation
Staff recommends approval of the vested rights extension request for Brick Stone Apartments on
Harmony, FDP170006
5
6
ITEM 3, ATTACHMENT 8
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Development Review Staff Report Agenda Item 4
Planning Services Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 p. 970-416-4311 f. 970.224.6134 www.fcgov.com
1. Background
Rooted in Community, the Fort Collins Urban Forest Strategic Plan provides seven recommended growth strategies
to support and maximize the community benefits that arise from fostering a healthy, urban tree canopy. The plan
outlines the current state of the urban forest, emphasizes why trees are an important component of our community’s
infrastructure, and identifies key opportunities to continue improving the urban tree canopy for generations to come.
Summary of Findings:
• Overall, canopy has grown in a positive direction over the last 10 years.
• Commercial type corridors are the areas of the community that have lost canopy during this period of time.
• Eighty-eight percent (88%) of the urban canopy is on private property and the remaining twelve (12%) is
on public property.
• City Forestry provides a high level of service to the community.
• Sixty percent (60%) of the public tree inventory are less than 8-inches in diameter and will require additional
resources to manage as trees continue to mature and thrive into the future.
• An urban tree canopy (UTC) analysis was completed to intersect canopy disparities, prioritizing future
planting efforts around the following variables:
Social variables (i.e. income, population density, BIPOC, renters)
Health variables (i.e. asthma, heart disease, mental health)
Environmental variables (i.e. urban heat and stormwater)
Canopy cover associated with bus stops and bike lanes
Planning and Zoning Commission Work Session: February 14, 2025
Rooted in Community, Urban Forest Strategic Plan
Summary of Request
This is a request for a Recommendation to the City Council regarding
adoption of the Urban Forest Strategic Plan as a component of City
Plan. As Fort Collins’ first Urban Forest Strategic Plan (UFSP), the
proposed
sustaining and growing a healthy and resilient urban forest for the
people of Fort Collins and benefit the greater community as a whole.
The UFPS passed First Reading with City Council on February 4
and has scheduled Second Reading for March 4. Staff is seeking a
recommendation to City Council from the Planning and Zoning
Commission during the February 20, 2025 Hearing.
Next Steps
• February Planning and Zoning Commission Work Session
• February Planning and Zoning Commission Public Hearing
• Council Regular Meeting Second Reading March 4, 2025
• Finalize Spanish translation post-Council Adoption
• Prepare Final Strategic Plan and Appendix for accessibility
online
Applicant
City of Fort Collins
PO BOX 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
Staff
Kendra Boot, City Forester
Contents
1. Background
2. Community Engagement
3. Board/Commision/Committee
Recommendation
4. Attachments
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P&Z - Agenda Item 4
Rooted in Community, Urban Forest Strategic Plan
Friday, February 14, 2025 | Page 2 of 4
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Future Growth Strategies
The following strategies are listed in more detail with supporting initiatives (Foundational and Transformational
Initiatives) in the final plan. The supporting initiatives serve as a menu of options that were identified as opportunities
through our community and focus group engagement. These options create pathways for the community and the
Forestry Division to focus on and refine over the next twenty years as the urban forest and community evolves, as
Council Priorities change, and as other technologies or advancements become available.
The proposed Growth Strategies, starting on page 60, are as follows:
1. Strategically invest in growing tree canopy where it will promote resilience and quality of life in Fort Collins.
(p.62)
2. Complete the shift to proactive management of Fort Collin’s public trees. (p.64)
3. Strengthen city policies to protect trees. (p.66)
4. Collect data to track changes to tree canopy over time and to inform Forestry activities. (p. 68)
5. Sustainably resource the Forestry Division to keep pace with growth of the urban forest. (p. 70)
6. Deepen engagement with the community about tree stewardship. (p.72)
7. Expand the network of Forestry Division partners. (p. 74)
For a quick view of Implementation and Metrics of the seven Growth Strategies, see page 78.
Addressing March 2024 Council Work Session themes
Staff heard various feedback and suggestions from Council which are summarized below:
• Council: Provide more emphasis on the broad benefits of the urban forest in Fort Collins, including and
especially bird and wildlife habitat.
Staff Response: The plan addresses the broader benefits of trees throughout the plan but more
specifically is identified in Section 2: Trees Enhance Neighborhood & Community Vitality (p. 36).
An additional section was added: “Trees and Environmental Health” to provide more emphasis on
trees providing food and habitat for wildlife (p. 39).
• Council: Provide more connection of the urban forest to the seven City Strategic Outcomes Areas, i.e. How
does the urban forest support Economic Health?
Staff Response: The plan provides connection and alignment with the 2024 Citywide Strategic
Plan and 2019 City Plan. Each future growth strategy (p. 60) lists each Outcome Area and how the
plan supports it. Additionally, a section at the beginning of the plan highlights how trees support
each of the 7 outcome areas (p. 18). In addition, edits to language for Growth Strategy 3 aim to
acknowledge how plans, strategies, and policies must work in harmony to achieve desired
outcomes.
• Council: Clarify how trees fit in as we move toward a more water-wise landscape and how trees can
support multiple objectives in a changing climate.
Staff Response: The plan offers a section on water conservation, drought and climate adaptation
(p. 30-33) and includes initiatives to adapt to a changing climate; and to support and align with the
Water Efficiency Plan (WEP).
• Council: Clarify and educate responsibilities for private trees between neighbors as well as other education
and outreach opportunities to help support both community members and tree canopy.
Staff Response: Several plan initiatives support these efforts listed in both Growth Strategy 3 (p.
66-67) and Growth Strategy 6 (p. 72-73).
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Addressing December 2024 Council Work Session themes
General feedback and support for the plan was provided by Council. Changes to the Land Use Code and other tree
policies will be brought to Council as separate work streams. Tree policies within the Land Use Code are currently
planned for discussion and consideration before the end of this Council term.
Other feedback included:
• Adjustments requested to Transformational Initiative in Growth Strategy 3 (p. 66):
Draft plan stated, “Develop additional policy for newly acquired homeownership who make changes
to their landscapes. Educate and engage with the public about policy scenarios to gauge public
support.”
Final plan was adjusted to, “Create educational support, incentives and potential policy
improvements to support homeowners and other private property owners achieve long-term
success in preserving and planting trees.”
Addressing Land Use Code (LUC) and Tree Policies:
An interdisciplinary team from Planning, City Manager’s Office and Forestry will work with a consultant to analyze
the impact of proposed tree policies on future development in Fort Collins related to potential changes in the Land
Use Code. A separate Council Work Session will be scheduled in 2025 to discuss findings and identify next steps.
Growth Strategy 3: Strengthen City Policies to Protect Trees (p. 66) takes into consideration and operationalizes
input garnered from community engagement events, focus groups, council feedback, review of the existing City
ordinance, and best practice tree protection policies from peer communities. This strategy seeks to add nuance to
potential future policy within this Growth Strategy. The edits made above after the December 10, 2024 work session
and proposed future work strive to balance Council priorities regarding 15-Minute Cities and articulate potential
trade-offs in policy decisions.
2. Community Engagement
The Urban Forest Strategic Plan conducted numerous community-wide and focus group activities. The information
gleaned from these engagement opportunities informed the development of the draft plan. The following list
comprises the communication tools, channels, and events the project team employed to garner public input:
‘Our City’ webpage:
• Including preview of the first plan draft
Social media:
• Ongoing posts and interactions regarding plan status and opportunities for engagement
In-person Public Meetings:
• October 2023 (2 meetings) and March 2024 (1 meeting)
o North & south Fort Collins meeting locations
o 160 Participants
o Spanish translation for all materials and Spanish interpretation provided at all meetings
Community Survey:
• September - December 2023
• 971 respondents
• 657 write-in comments
• In partnership with Our Climate Future Community Consultants and Urban Forest Ambassador
volunteers
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Diverse Focus Groups:
• 9 focus group meetings were held between October - December 2023
• 49 representatives from local organizations, institutions, businesses, developers, affordable
housing representatives, landscape and tree contractors, and government entities
Boards and Commissions and Climate Equity Committee:
• Land Conservation and Stewardship Board – May 8, 2024
• Natural Resource Advisory Board – May 15, 2024
• Air Quality Advisory Board – May 20, 2024
• Parks and Recreation Advisory Board – May 22, 2024
• Transportation Board – June 12, 2024
Public Preview of 90% draft plan:
• 54 document downloads
• 210 page visits
• 74 newsfeed visits (format compliant per PDF Accessibility Law HB21-110)
• Sent to 124 emails with a 75% open rate and 22 clicks
3. Boards/Commissions/Committee Recommendation
Staff visited the following Boards. Meeting minutes and recommendations are attached.
• Land Conservation and Stewardship Board – May 8, 2024
• Natural Resource Advisory Board – May 15, 2024
• Air Quality Advisory Board – May 20, 2024
• Parks and Recreation Advisory Board – May 22, 2024
• Transportation Board – June 12, 2024
4. Attachments
1. Urban Forest Strategic Plan, Final Draft
2. Urban Forest Strategic Plan Appendix
3. Land Conservation and Stewardship Board minutes
4. Natural Resource Advisory Board minutes
5. Air Quality Advisory Board minutes
6. Parks and Recreation Advisory Board minutes
7. Transportation Board minutes
8. Transportation Board letter of support
9. Joint Air Quality Advisory Board and Natural Resource Advisory Board memo of support
10. Parks and Recreation Advisory Board letter of support
11. December 10 City Council Work Session Summary
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 1
Appendix
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 2
Appendix
Table of Contents
About This Document ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Strategic Planning Framework ......................................................................................................................... 2
Fort Collins’ Urban Forest .....................................................................................................................................6
Urban Tree Canopy ...............................................................................................................................................6
Public Tree Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Strategies for Resilience and Sustainable Growth ............................................................................. 29
Public Tree Benefits .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Pest Susceptibility ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Climate Vulnerability ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Priority Planting Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 38
Operational Efficiency and Resource Management......................................................................... 45
Indicators of a Sustainable Urban Forest ............................................................................................ 45
Operations Review ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Community Engagement and Policy Integration ............................................................................. 67
Community Feedback .................................................................................................................................... 67
City Code Review ................................................................................................................................................ 85
Heritage Tree Protection .............................................................................................................................. 90
City Policy and Planning Framework .................................................................................................... 93
References ................................................................................................................................................................... 98
About This Document
This appendix, prepared by Davey Resource Group, Inc., accompanies the Fort
Collins Urban Forest Strategic Plan (2024). It provides more detailed information
about the methodology and findings that underlie the Plan and its Future Growth
Strategies.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 3
Appendix
Strategic Planning Framework
When viewed from above, the green tree canopy of Fort Collins stands out against
the surrounding steppe, shrubland, and grassland of the Front Range. Trees that
have been planted over the past 160 years have grown to become one of the
hallmarks of the city, enhancing the natural beauty and hospitability of the Cache la
Poudre River valley.
The city of Fort Collins is in a period of growth—the city is expected to add 70,000
new residents by 2040 (City Plan, 2019). The shade, cooling effects, and carbon
absorption of trees will make tree canopy a key component in regional approaches
to climate mitigation, adaptation, and resilience as the city grows. Trees make
streets and sidewalks safer and more comfortable for cycling, walking, and public
transit. Trees cool the air, helping residents to save on energy costs and reducing the
incidence of heat-related illness. Trees also capture stormwater and help to conserve
irrigation water by cooling the ground and air.
In recent years, the city’s Forestry Division, founded in 1977, has been moving toward
a more proactive approach to managing public trees. This Urban Forest Strategic
Plan summarizes the state of Fort Collins’ urban forest, the near-term outlook for its
public trees, the forestry program, public sentiment, and the City’s planning and
policy framework. Then it proposes seven recommendations with tiered actions that
the City can take to ensure that its urban forest remains healthy and vibrant into the
future.
THE URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN
An urban forest strategic plan is a comprehensive plan for the management,
protection, and improvement of the urban forest. It analyzes the existing condition,
value, and resources of the urban forest and outlines a vision for the future, guided
by input from the community. The plan provides a roadmap for implementation by
prioritizing initiatives and actions to improve the urban forest over time. The
development of an urban forest strategic plan is an important step in ensuring the
long-term sustainability and resilience of the urban forest.
In 2023, the Forestry Division partnered with Davey Resource Group, Inc. to develop
the Fort Collins Urban Forest Strategic Plan. The plan uses the principles of adaptive
management to establish a 20-year vision for managing the urban forest (figure 1).
Adaptive management is commonly used for resource planning and management
and provides a conceptual framework for managing the urban forest. It seeks to
develop an effective plan by answering a series of questions about Fort Collins’
present and future:
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 4
Appendix
Adaptive Management Process
1.What do we have? We looked at Fort Collins’ existing urban forest, its current
management, and public perception about trees. We put this into context by
examining climate and social factors and the City’s policy and planning
framework.
2.What do we want? We engaged with City staff, partners, and the public and
incorporated existing planning documents and urban forestry industry tools
to identify priorities for the urban forest and the desired outcomes for the
Forestry program.
3.How do we get there? We looked for gaps, opportunities, challenges, and
desires for future canopy growth, social equity, staffing, and alignment with
Fort Collins' future plans. This guided the creation of goals, initiatives, and
actions that will be needed to achieve the desired outcomes.
4.How are we doing? We developed methods to create responsibility and
accountability for the plan through audits and evaluations. Resulting metrics
and information will feed back into the future adaptive management
approach by providing an updated perspective on “What do we have?”.
Figure 1. The adaptive management planning process used to create the Urban Forest Strategic Plan.
What do
we have?
What do
we want?
How do we
get there?
How are
we doing?
Adaptive
Management
Approach
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Appendix
Trees Support Fort Collins’ Strategic Objectives
Fort Collins’ 2024 Strategic Plan outlines seven Key Outcome Areas by which the city
measures progress toward the vision and goals of its comprehensive plan:
1.High Performing Government
2.Culture & Recreation
3.Economic Health
4.Environmental Health
5.Neighborhood & Community Vitality
6.Safe Community
7.Transportation & Mobility
Trees relate to each of these seven Outcome Areas through the many social, ecological,
and economic benefits that trees provide. Tree benefits and their relationships to the
City’s Key Outcome Areas are detailed throughout this document—look for the tree icon.
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Appendix
Fort Collins’ Urban Forest
Fort Collins’ urban forest includes trees growing along streets, in public parks and
natural areas, and in the yards of homes, schools, and businesses. Together, these
trees are a dynamic, living system that provides invaluable environmental,
economic, and societal benefits to enhance the quality of life in Fort Collins.
URBAN TREE CANOPY
An urban tree canopy assessment was conducted by Davey Resource Group, Inc. in
collaboration with the City of Fort Collins to better understand the city’s urban tree
canopy—where it is, how it’s changing, the benefits it provides to residents, and
where potential tree planting opportunities exist. The urban tree canopy assessment
uses aerial imagery to measure the amount of tree canopy on both public and
private property as viewed from above.
The urban tree canopy assessment analyzed 2021 high-resolution aerial imagery of
Fort Collins to determine:
●tree canopy cover by land use and geography: land area that is shaded by
trees when viewed from above, summarized by social and political boundaries
●change in tree canopy cover from 2011–2021 by land use and geography:
how tree canopy cover has changed within social and political boundaries over
the past decade
●ecosystem benefits analysis: estimates the benefits provided by the city’s
entire tree canopy
●priority planting analysis: prioritizes possible tree planting locations by
stormwater, urban heat island, social equity, and human health benefits
●tree placement analysis: characterizes potential planting areas based on their
suitability for large-, medium-, and small-stature trees
The information derived from the urban tree canopy assessment:
1.Establishes a baseline of tree canopy cover for future analysis
2.Estimates the rate of change in tree canopy over the past decade
3.Estimates the public benefits that are provided by existing tree canopy
4.Can help inform decision making about urban forest management, tree
preservation, and future planting
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Appendix
Tree Canopy Cover and Change, City Limits & Growth Management Area
The urban tree canopy assessment measured tree canopy cover within current city
limits. To provide a baseline for growth over the next 20 years, the assessment also
measured tree cover across city limits plus the growth management area.
Within the current city boundaries, Fort Collins has 5,116 acres of tree canopy, equal
to 13.7% tree cover (map 1). The growth management area includes an additional
1,280 acres of tree canopy, bringing the total tree canopy area for city limits plus the
growth management area to 6,396 acres (12.6% cover).
Tree canopy cover derived from 2021 aerial imagery was compared to a 2011 tree
cover analysis that was conducted by PlanIt Geo to examine how tree canopy has
changed across Fort Collins in the prior decade. During this period, Fort Collins
experienced a net gain of 753 acres within city limits and a total gain of 936 acres of
tree canopy across city limits plus the growth management area (equivalent to 708
football fields), a net increase of 17.2% tree cover since 2011.
Map 1. Tree canopy cover in Fort Collins city limits and the growth management area, based on 2021
high-resolution aerial imagery.
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Appendix
Tree Canopy Cover and Canopy Change by US Census Block Group
US Census block groups are federally defined geographic areas that are variable in
size and typically contain between 600–3,000 residents. Block groups make for
useful study areas due to the wide variety of sources that use census boundaries to
report social and economic data. In Fort Collins during the 2020 U.S. Census, there
were 137 block groups ranging in size from 2–3,025 acres.
Among Fort Collins’ block groups, tree cover ranges from <0.1% to 41% (map 2). From
2011–2021, 69% of block groups experienced tree canopy growth (maximum growth:
+378% tree cover), while 30% of block groups lost tree canopy (maximum loss: -53%
tree cover; map 3; figure 2).
Map 2. Tree canopy cover within Fort Collins city limits and the growth management area by U.S.
census block group.
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Appendix
Map 3. Tree canopy change by U.S. census block group, 2011–2021.
Figure 2. Census block groups in order of largest to smallest by tree canopy acres. Change in tree
canopy acres from 2011-2021 is represented by green bars (net gain) and orange bars (net loss).
0
50
100
150
200
250
Block Groups
2011 Tree Cover
City Limits
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Appendix
Canopy Cover and Canopy Change by City Council District & Precinct
Among the six city council districts, tree canopy cover ranges from 8.9% to 25.1%
(map 4). From 2011–2021, council districts 1–5 experienced net growth in tree cover
(range: +6.1% in District 5 to +110% in District 3), while District 6 experienced a slight
net loss of tree cover (-0.6%; map 5, figure 3).
Figure 3. Tree canopy cover by council district in 2011 and 2021. Labels indicate net change in tree cover
from 2011-2021.
+7%
+9%
+110%+30%
+6%
-0.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1 2 3 4 5 6Council District
Map 4. Tree canopy cover by city council
precinct and district. district, 2011–2021.
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Appendix
Canopy Cover and Canopy Change within Parks
Trees add to the natural beauty of parks and enhance the value of green space for
many types of recreational uses. Trees within parks and natural areas also serve as
important habitat for urban wildlife. For these reasons, planting, maintaining, and
preserving canopy trees, with a focus on native species, are priority actions that are
named in Fort Collins’ Recreate: Parks & Recreation Master Plan (2021).
Among Fort Collins’ 60 parks, cemeteries, and golf courses, average tree cover is
18.9% over 1,379 total park acres (figure 4, table 1), greater than the city average of
13.7% tree cover. Tree cover ranges from no measurable tree canopy at Richards Lake
Park to up to 62% cover at Indian Hills Park. In the study period from 2011–2021, there
was a net gain of 47.7 acres (+1.7%) of tree canopy across the studied parks.
Six future park sites
provide a potential for
up to 102 acres of new
tree canopy area.
Figure 4. Tree canopy cover
within Fort Collins parks.
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Appendix
Table 1. Tree canopy cover and change by park. Possible tree canopy includes grassy and vegetated
areas where trees could potentially be planted. Maximum tree canopy is the sum of existing and
possible canopy.
PARK ACRES TREE
CANOPY
CHANGE
2011-2021
POSSIBLE
CANOPY
MAXIMUM
CANOPY
Alta Vista Park 0.6 41% 2% 15% 56%
Archery Range 54 34% 14% 50% 84%
Avery Park 6 45% 8% 36% 81%
Beattie Park 7 23% 5% 17% 40%
Blevins Park 6 33% 23% 59% 93%
Buckingham Park 5 15% 1% 46% 62%
City Park 76 29% 9% 29% 58%
City Park Nine Golf Course 55 28% 5% 1% 29%
Civic Center Park 2 24% -6% 44% 69%
Collindale Golf Course 157 16% 12% 1% 16%
Cottonwood Glen Park 12 12% 119% 60% 72%
Creekside Park 3 29% 37% 39% 68%
Crescent Park 7 0.1% 100% 78% 78%
Eastside Park 2 31% 28% 53% 84%
Edora Community Park 42 25% 34% 40% 65%
English Ranch Park 12 26% 143% 38% 63%
Fossil Creek Community Park 96 4% 241% 51% 54%
Freedom Square Park 0.5 25% -28% 22% 47%
Golden Meadows Park 11 22% 39% 43% 65%
Grandview Cemetery 43 39% 1% 0% 40%
Greenbriar Park 22 17% 75% 49% 67%
Harmony Park 10 11% >600% 64% 75%
Homestead Park 6 16% >600% 73% 89%
Indian Hills Park 2 62% 3% 36% 99%
Landings Park 8 22% 30% 36% 59%
Lee Martinez Community Park 90 33% -2% 47% 80%
Legacy Park 9 16% -21% 75% 91%
Leisure Park 0.9 54% 14% 27% 80%
Library Park 5 51% 9% 21% 72%
Lilac Park 0.7 18% 51% 59% 77%
Miramont Park 10 12% 269% 66% 78%
Oak St Plaza Park 0.3 55% -9% 0% 55%
Old Fort Collins Heritage Park 14 22% 38% 38% 60%
Overland Park 16 15% 56% 48% 62%
Poudre River Whitewater Park 11 15% -43% 47% 63%
Rabbit Brush Park 2 18% 155% 55% 73%
Radiant Park 9 3% 100% 71% 73%
Registry Park 5 2% 363% 78% 80%
Richards Lake Park 6 0% 0% 100% 100%
Ridgeview Park 11 11% 167% 67% 77%
Rogers Park 8 32% 69% 55% 88%
Rolland Moore Community Park 71 22% 27% 36% 58%
Romero Park 0.2 37% 28% 35% 72%
Roselawn Cemetery 28 20% 2% 46% 66%
Rossborough Park 16 26% 45% 69% 95%
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Appendix
PARK ACRES TREE
CANOPY
CHANGE
2011-2021
POSSIBLE
CANOPY
MAXIMUM
CANOPY
Soft Gold Park 17 14% 192% 64% 78%
Southridge Golf Course 127 12% 73% 7% 19%
Spencer Park 0.4 45% -1% 45% 90%
Spring Canyon Community
Park 116 14% 77% 64% 77%
Trees Enhance Culture & Recreation
Trees enhance urban parks and green space by providing shade, beauty, and by
contributing to the ecological function of green islands within the built environment.
Trees along transit corridors build connectivity to parks and green space that eases the
passage of both humans and wildlife.
According to Trust For Public Land’s ParkServe mapping tool, 73% of Fort Collins
residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park, which is above average for all U.S. cities
and towns (55%) and on par with the 100 most populous U.S. cities (74%). Increasing tree
canopy within and around these parks is one way that urban forestry can support the
Culture and Recreation. Fort Collins City Council has set a priority for all residents to live
within a 15-minute walk to nature and have trees visible where they live, work, and play.
Trees are not compatible with all recreational uses, however. For example, trees are
undesirable within ballfields, skate parks, and amphitheaters. Recreation centers and
pavilions can limit the area where trees can be planted. Lastly, many of Fort Collins’
natural areas are intended to protect native habitat including grassland and shrubland;
in such places, contiguous tree canopy is not desirable.
Sources: Trust For Public Land; Fort Collins’ ReCreate: Parks & Recreation Master Plan, 2021; Nature
in the City, 2015; Natural Areas Master Plan, 2014.
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Appendix
Tree Canopy by Land Use
Examining tree canopy cover and change by land use shows how different land uses
are affecting citywide tree canopy trends, which can be useful for guiding policy
decisions. Land uses that comprise larger areas have the greatest impact on
citywide trends.
In Fort Collins, residential land contains 56% of the city’s urban forest (figure 5). Tree
cover has grown 15% on residential land since 2011. The largest tree canopy losses by
total acreage have taken place on commercial land, which lost 30 acres (10%) of tree
cover since 2011.
The largest potential for additional tree canopy occurs within residential and mixed-
use zoning types, which together contain 8,083 acres of possible additional tree
canopy.
By zoning district, the highest proportions of tree canopy cover occur within the
Neighborhood Conservation Districts (19%–36%), the Low-Density Residential District
(26%), and Manufactured Housing District (24%; table 2). The highest proportions of
tree canopy loss occurred within several commercial zoning districts (-36% to -23%)
and the High-Density Mixed-Use Neighborhood District (-34%). Canopy cover within
the Residential Foothills District is low (5%) but grew by 248% over the past decade.
Figure 5. Tree canopy cover in 2011, net change from 2011–2021, and possible additional tree canopy by
land use type.
+15%
+32%+21%-10%+13%-6%0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Residential Mixed Use Open Space Commercial Industrial Institutional
Land Use
Other Land Area
Possible Canopy Acres
Canopy Change 2011-2021
Canopy Acres 2011
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Appendix
Table 2. Tree canopy cover and change by zoning district.
ZONING DISTRICT ACRES TREE
CANOPY
CHANGE
2011-2021
POSSIBLE
CANOPY
MAXIMUM
CANOPY
Commercial 2,958 9% -10% 24% 32%
Community Commercial -
North College District 155 4% 7% 27% 31%
28 13% -23% 24% 38%
244 5% -35% 30% 35%
299 14% 34% 22% 36%
Industrial 1,478 3% 13% 34% 36%
Institutional 762 17% -6% 13% 31%
Mixed Use, Low Density 6,434 9% 88% 38% 47%
6,434 9% 88% 38% 47%
Mixed Use, Medium Density 6,103 13% 10% 28% 42%
1,940 17% 23% 30% 47%
159 29% -20% 13% 42%
546 34% -16% 17% 51%
Mixed Use, High Density 56 15% -34% 16% 30%
56 15% -34% 16% 30%
Open Space 7,248 7% 21% 12% 19%
Residential 12,416 23% 15% 31% 54%
8,654 26% 14% 26% 52%
539 36% -4% 20% 56%
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Appendix
Canopy Cover at Bus Stops
Trees an important part of the layered strategies to increase the use of public transit
that are outlined in the city’s transportation master plan. Shaded bus stops make
public transit safer for riders, particularly during hot summer months. Growing tree
canopy cover at bus stops supports Fort Collins’ intent to reduce Vehicle Miles
Traveled by encouraging multimodal transportation (City Plan, 2019).
The urban tree canopy analysis quantified tree cover within 30-ft buffers of bus stops
and bus stations to characterize tree canopy within areas that support the City’s
goals for encouraging multimodal transportation. Average tree cover is 18.3% at 22
bus stations and 423 bus stops across Fort Collins (map 6). Among 263 bus stops that
did not have a built-
in shelter, average
tree cover is 21.2%, a
loss of 2.3% tree
cover since 2011. A
majority of bus stops
have less than 20%
tree cover and
experienced losses
of tree cover since
2011 (figure 6).
Map 6. Tree canopy
cover within a 30-ft
buffer of bus stops and
transit stations and
within bike lanes by
street segment.
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Appendix
Figure 6. Tree canopy cover and change (2011–2021) at Fort Collins bus stops.
Tree Benefits for Transportation & Mobility
Over the past several years, Fort Collins has experienced substantial growth in transit
ridership and bicycling. Encouraging individuals to shift their short vehicle trips to active
transportation modes (e.g. biking, walking) is one of the most effective ways to reduce
vehicle miles traveled, a goal of both the City’s transportation master plan and its Our
Climate Future plan (2021).
Trees contribute to Fort Collins’ goals of increasing multimodal transportation use. Trees
growing in street rights-of-way help to slow traffic, making streets safer for pedestrians
and cyclists. Shade and evapotranspiration cooling provided by street tree canopy allow
for more comfortable walking, biking, and use of public transit and increase the appeal
of cycling routes. Trees and other vegetative buffers can also reduce the exposure of
cyclists and pedestrians to air pollution. For these and other reasons, residents are three
times more likely to be physically active when they live in areas with high levels of trees
and vegetation.
Sources: Ellaway et al., 2005; Ozdemir, 2019; Eisenman et al., 2021; Ewing & Dumbaugh, 2009.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0-20%20-40%40-60%60-80%80-100%
Tree Canopy Cover
>50%
loss
0-50%
loss
0-50%
gain
50-100%
gain
>100%
gain
Tree Canopy Change, 2011-2021
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Appendix
Canopy Cover within Bike Lanes
Trees along bike lanes contribute to the City’s goals of building low-stress, high-
comfort bicycle facilities that promote a physically active and environmentally
sustainable community (City Plan, 2019). Trees not only shade bike lanes; they also
contribute to the safety of cyclists by slowing traffic.
Over 267 miles of bike lanes across Fort Collins, average tree canopy cover is 9.5%
(map 6) approximately the same as it was in 2011 (+0.1%). Among street segments
with bike lanes, 82% of segments have less than 20% tree cover; tree canopy change
within these spaces has been variable in the period from 2011–2021 (figure 7).
Figure 7. Tree canopy cover and canopy change, 2011–2021, in bike lanes by street segment.
TREE CANOPY STUDY: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The results of the urban tree canopy assessment, which was based on an analysis of
2021 aerial imagery and compared to a prior analysis of 2011 imagery, show that tree
canopy cover varies widely across Fort Collins and the growth management area,
ranging from almost no trees in some parts of the city to over 40% tree cover. In
general, tree cover tends to be highest within the oldest parts of the city, where
residents have been planting trees since the nineteenth century. Citywide tree cover
is 13.7%; including the growth management area, average tree cover is 12.6%.
From 2011–2021, the city and the growth management area experienced an overall
increase in tree canopy cover of 17.2%. The largest gains in tree canopy cover took
place within low-canopy areas around the periphery of the city, while canopy losses
>50% loss 0-50%
loss
0-50%
gain
50-100%
gain
>100%
gain
Tree Canopy Change, 2011-2021
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
0-20%20-40%40-60%>60%
Tree Canopy Cover
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Appendix
tended to take place within the more densely developed urban core where tree
cover is highest.
Tree canopy cover within parks, bus stops, and bike lanes was analyzed as part of an
effort to evaluate tree canopy in relation to multiple city priorities. Publicly owned
trees in these areas provide benefits that enhance quality of life and contribute to
climate change mitigation. Future investments in the planting and maintenance of
trees in parks and along streets rights-of-way is a dual investment in Key Outcome
Areas including Neighborhood & Community Vitality, Culture & Recreation, and
Transportation & Mobility.
Trees and Economic Health
Economic benefits of trees are derived from both added value and avoided costs.
Cost Savings. Trees save energy by providing shade and blocking wind, which reduce
the need for heating and cooling and lower energy costs for homes and businesses.
Properly placing three trees around a home can reduce energy costs for the average
household by $100 to $250 per year. Trees that shade air conditioning units can help
them run up to 10% more efficiently.
Trees also help residents save money on health care costs. Trees reduce the incidences of
medical complications due to asthma, heart disease, and heat-related illnesses.
Economic Development. Trees and green spaces have a positive impact on the local
economy by increasing property values, attracting tourism, and supporting local
businesses. Mature, healthy trees can increase property values for both residential and
commercial properties by 3%–7% or more, as well as increase values of neighboring
properties. In business districts, trees attract customers. Shoppers spend more time and
money in retail areas with mature, healthy tree canopies and are willing to spend 11%
more for products, services, and parking at businesses with trees in front of them.
Sources: McPherson et al., 2005; Wolf, 2005; Vargas, 2007; Siriwardena et al., 2016; Hughes, 2013.
Vargas et al., 2007; U.S. Department of Energy (n.d.)
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Appendix
PUBLIC TREE INVENTORY
The Forestry Division is responsible for the care of public trees. From 2018–2023, the
Forestry Division and trained volunteers from the City’s Urban Forest Ambassador
program inventoried 57,991 trees and 3,397 possible tree sites within street rights-of-
way, parks, and city property (map 7). Detailed information about public trees is used
by the Forestry Division to guide management decisions.
Map 7. Public trees and planting sites as documented in TreeKeeper.
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Appendix
61,388 Inventoried Sites
Nearly two-thirds of all inventoried sites were street trees (figure 8). Together, vacant
planting sites and stumps comprise 3,397 potential planting sites where additional
trees can be planted over time (figure 9).
Figure 8. Public trees by location.
Figure 9. Inventoried sites, 2018–2023.
Street Trees
66%
Park Trees
17%
City Facility 5%
Golf Course 5%
Stormwater
Management 4%
Cemetery 1%
Median 1%
Other 1%
57,991
2,668 729
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Trees Vacant Planting Sites Stumps
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
S
i
t
e
s
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Appendix
Tree Diversity
The inventory of public trees cataloged 214 unique species of trees that represent 56
genera and 26 families. Diversity helps to make the tree population resilient to pests
and diseases. Urban forestry industry standards for diversity recommend that no
single species of tree should exceed 10% of the total inventory; no one genus should
exceed 20%; and no one family of tree should exceed 30% of the total tree inventory
(the “10-20-30 Rule” for species abundance).
Top 5 Species of Public Trees Relative to the 10% Rule for Species Abundance
Among inventoried trees, green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and honeylocust
(Gleditsia triacanthos and G. triacanthos inermis) exceeded recommended limits for
species abundance (11% of public trees each; figure 10, table 3). The abundance of ash
is expected to decline over time due to emerald ash borer and implementation of
the city’s Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Management and Response Plan (2020), climate
change, and city code. The Forestry Division is reducing the planting of honeylocust
on public property and is encouraging developers to shift away from planting
honeylocust as part of required street tree plantings that are associated with
development.
Figure 10. Top five species of public trees relative to a recommended 10% Rule for abundance of any
single species.
11%11%
8%
5%4%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
green ash honeylocust bur oak common
hackberry
littleleaf
linden
Fort Collins
10% Rule
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Appendix
Table 3. Top five species of public trees.
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME PUBLIC
green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 6,478
Gleditsia triacanthos*
Quercus macrocarpa
common hackberry Celtis occidentalis 2,864
Tilia cordata
* includes var. inermis
Top 5 Genera of Public Trees Relative to the 20% Rule for Genus Abundance
At the level of genus, which groups similar species of trees, oaks are the most
abundant trees in Fort Collins (15% of inventoried trees; figure 9). All genera remain
below the recommended threshold of 20% abundance.
Figure 11. Top five genera of public trees relative to the 20% Rule for genus abundance.
15%
13%
11%10%
8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
oak ash honeylocust linden pine
Fort Collins
20% Rule
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Appendix
Top 5 Families of Public Trees Relative to the 30% Rule for Family Abundance
Families are larger groupings of similar trees, containing similar species and genera.
All tree families that are represented in Fort Collins’ inventory are well below
recommended limits of 30% of the total public tree population (figure 10).
Figure 12. Top five taxonomic families of public trees relative to the 30% Rule for family abundance.
16%14%13%13%
10%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
beech legume olive pine mallow
Fort Collins
30% Rule
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Appendix
Trees and Environmental Health
Trees provide innumerable ecological benefits that improve urban environments.
Trees Cool Our Cities. High temperatures in urbanized areas contribute to urban heat
island, in which impervious surfaces such as roads, buildings, and sidewalks trap and
hold heat. Urban heat island can raise air temperature in cities up to 7°F higher during
the day and 5°F higher at night compared to neighboring rural areas. Urban heat island
raises higher energy costs and power plant emissions and increases heat-related
illnesses, which cause more deaths in the United States each year than any other natural
disaster. Large, healthy trees lower temperatures through both shading and
evapotranspiration. Trees reduce peak summer temperatures by 2-9°F and prevent an
average of 1,200 heat-related deaths each year in the U.S, making them a critical tool to
combat the negative health impacts of high temperatures.
Trees Clean the Air. Trees act as natural air filters, removing pollutants from the air and
reducing their negative impacts on humans and the environment. Through the removal
of air pollutants, trees save over 850 lives and prevent 670,000 incidents of acute
respiratory symptoms in the U.S. each year. Trees are also an important carbon sink for
climate change mitigation through the removal of carbon dioxide and greenhouse
gasses from the air. One large, healthy oak tree growing in Fort Collins can remove over
30 pounds of pollutants from the air over 20 years.
Trees Intercept and Conserve Water. Trees intercept and retain stormwater, reducing
runoff and water pollutants by 20%–60%, thereby reduce flooding, erosion, and the level
of sediment and pollutants that enter local waterways. A mature deciduous tree can
intercept 700 gallons of stormwater per year, and a mature evergreen tree can intercept
4,000 gallons of water per year. Underground, tree roots and decomposition help to
increase the amount of water that soil can hold, allowing for more efficient use of
irrigated water. In addition, the cooling effects of trees during summer months helps to
reduce the amount of moisture that is lost through evaporation. Through both
processes, trees can retain water in the soil and reduce irrigation quantity and frequency.
Trees Provide Food & Habitat for Wildlife. Trees provide habitat and food for a wide
variety of wildlife species, supporting biodiversity and maintaining the health of local
ecosystems. Oaks can support over 500 species of pollinators and other beneficial
insects. In the Colorado Front Range, broadleaf deciduous forests are relatively new to
the region. The tree canopy of Fort Collins provides migratory birds with an important
stopover point. At the same time, trees can provide refuge for species such as hawks and
corvids that hunt or outcompete native grassland birds and mammals. For these
reasons, tree canopy in natural areas must be thoughtfully placed. In backyards and
along streets, however, tree canopy acts as an important buffer for wildlife within the
built environment.
Sources: Michigan Audubon, n.d.; USDA Forest Service, n.d.; US Environmental Protection Agency,
n.d.; McPherson et al., 2002; Cappiella et al., 2005; VerCauteren & Gillihan, 2007; Nowak et al. 2014;
Johnson et al., 2017; National Weather Service, 2021; McDonald et al., 2020; Shah et al., 2022;
Breidt et al. 2022.
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Condition of Public Trees
In the tree inventory, more than half of public
trees (55%) are rated to be in Good or Fair-Plus
condition, meaning that their trunks and
crowns are generally healthy and strong, and
an additional one-third (34%) are rated to be
in Fair condition, indicating that they are
healthy and show no major defects (figure 11).
Structural integrity, overall tree health, and
form are often improved through proper
pruning. Routine pruning, young tree training,
and other proactive maintenance can help
keep trees within Fair, Fair Plus, and Good
categories over time.
Though it is difficult to move a significant
number of trees from a lower to a better
condition category, structural and routine
pruning on a five-year rotation will help
maintain a majority of trees within Fair to
Good tree condition ratings over time.
Size-Age Classes of Public Trees
The relative age of trees can be estimated from trunk diameter. In Fort Collins, public
trees were classified into four categories based on their trunk diameter at standard
height (DSH): young (0–8 inches DSH), established (9–17 in), maturing (18–24 in), and
mature (>24 in) trees.
Urban forestry industry standards recommend a mixed-age tree population to
balance maintenance needs of the tree population over time and protect against
significant canopy loss within a short period. Sixty percent of public trees in Fort
Collins are in the young size class, reflecting sustained tree planting efforts within
the city, including tree planting that occurs through new development as the city
has grown (figure 12). Care of young trees during the establishment period, as well as
proactive maintenance of older age classes, will help increase the proportion of older
trees to balance age classes over time.
1%
Dead
2%
Poor8%
Fair Minus
34%
Fair
27%
Fair Plus
28%
Good
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Condition
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
i
e
d
T
r
e
e
s
Figure 13. Condition ratings of public trees.
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Figure 14. Relative age classes of public trees, estimated from trunk diameter.
PUBLIC TREE INVENTORY: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The inventory of 61,388 public trees and planting sites in Fort Collins revealed that
the diversity of public trees is approaching a level that will help the urban forest
remain resilient to pests and diseases. The importance of such measures is currently
reflected in the City’s response to emerald ash borer, which threatens 13% of its
public tree inventory. Reductions to ash and honeylocust, paired with species-level
diversification of future tree plantings, will help increase diversity over time.
The condition of public trees reflects significant investments in routine maintenance
as the Forestry Division moves toward its goal of a five-year pruning cycle and away
from reactive maintenance, which is comparably more costly. Shifting toward
proactive maintenance can reduce per-tree maintenance costs by as much as 50%
compared with maintenance that relies heavily on storm and emergency response
(AECOM, 2013).
Fort Collins’ public trees skew young, reflecting an uptick in more recent tree
plantings that are associated with city activities and increased development. Future
maintenance needs are expected to increase over time as trees grow into larger size
classes, which will require additional budget and capacity for the Forestry Division to
keep pace.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Young
(0-8")
Established
(9-17")
Maturing
(18-24")
Mature
(>24")
Relative Age (Diameter Size Class)
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GOALS FOR FORT COLLINS’ TREE CANOPY AND PUBLIC TREES
The findings of the urban tree canopy assessment and public tree inventory suggest
potential goals for Fort Collins’ urban forest that can guide Forestry Division activities
and priorities over the next 20 years.
● Grow tree canopy in Fort Collins and make it more evenly distributed over
time.
● Mitigate tree canopy losses on public and private property.
● Preserve and expand tree canopy cover at bus stops and along bike routes to
encourage multi-modal transportation.
● Expand tree canopy within and around parks to support compatible
recreational uses, conservation goals, and to build connectivity to green space
that is accessible to all residents.
● Protect and enhance tree diversity to increase the resilience of the public tree
population.
● Establish young trees, and proactively maintain older trees, to improve and/or
maintain the general condition and even the age distribution of public trees
over time.
● Expand collection of inventory data to include information such as risk,
irrigation status, and EAB treatment priority to inform management
decisions.
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Strategies for Resilience and Sustainable
Growth
Urban tree canopy and public tree inventory data were further analyzed to
characterize the benefits that are provided by existing trees; evaluate the potential
resilience of the urban forest to future threats from pests, diseases, and climate
change; and to identify priority locations for tree canopy growth to address
environmental, social, and human health needs.
PUBLIC TREE BENEFITS
Two benefits analyses were conducted to quantify the annual benefits and carbon
storage of public trees using i-Tree Eco software from the U.S. Forest Service and
partners. i-Tree Eco models (estimates) the benefits that trees provide based on data
inputs about the location and quantity of tree canopy cover and the species, size,
condition, and location of inventoried public trees. The resulting benefits calculations
reflect the benefits that are provided by Fort Collins’ total tree canopy, as well as the
benefits provided by public trees.
Benefits Provided by Fort Collins’ Tree Canopy
Ecosystem benefits including air pollution removal, carbon sequestration and
storage, and stormwater runoff reduction were estimated from urban tree canopy
assessment data. The resulting model estimates reflect the benefits that are
provided by all of Fort Collins’ trees, including trees on both public and private tree
canopy, across city limits and the growth management area (table 4). In addition,
the change in tree canopy benefits was estimated from the prior 2011 urban tree
canopy assessment to quantify the change in tree benefits from 2011–2021.
Fort Collins’ tree canopy provides ecosystem benefits valued at more than $2.2
million per year in savings to residents and businesses. Annual savings have
increased by $346,000 since 2011 with growth of tree canopy across the city.
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Table 4. Ecosystem benefits provided by Fort Collins’ total tree canopy, 2011-2021.
ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS
OF TREE CANOPY
2011 2021 2011–2021
CHANGE IN
VALUE QUANTITY VALUE QUANTITY VALUE
Annual benefits
482,600 $797,881 570,300 $942,949 $145,068
2
3
2.5
4,920 $839,102 5,810 $991,666 $152,564
29,720,000 $265,610 35,130,000 $313,902 $48,292
Total Annual Benefits $1,902,593
Benefits Provided by Fort Collins’ Public Trees
i-Tree Eco modeling software was also used to estimate the benefits of public trees
using data from the tree inventory, including the species, size, and condition of
public trees (table 5). Public trees account for more than $69,000 in benefits each
year and have an estimated replacement value of more than $112 million.
Table 5. Ecosystem benefits provided by Fort Collins’ public trees.
ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS OF
PUBLIC TREES QUANTITY VALUE
Annual benefits
2
2.5
Total Annual Benefits $69,374
Structural Value
Total Replacement Value $112,489,358
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Air Pollution Reduction
Trees improve air quality by intercepting and filtering particulate matter from the air,
including dust, ash, pollen, and smoke. Leaves absorb harmful gaseous pollutants
such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide and reduce ozone
formation by shading surfaces and reducing air temperatures. The air cleaning
benefits of trees is important for improving human health outcomes.
In total, the tree canopy of Fort Collins removes 285 tons of air pollutants each year, a
service valued at $942,949. Tree canopy growth from 2011–2021 has resulted in an
additional 44 tons of pollutants being removed from the air each year. Of total air
quality benefits, public trees account for the removal of 11 tons of air pollutants each
year, valued at $32,038.
Stormwater Runoff Reduction
Trees play a significant role in local hydrology and water cycling, helping to reduce
the amount of stormwater runoff that is generated during rain events. The value of
reduced stormwater runoff is calculated based on avoided water treatment costs;
not reflected in this value are also costs related to erosion and flooding.
Public trees in Fort Collins absorb 2.3 million gallons of stormwater each year, valued
at $20,721.
Sequestering and Storing Carbon
Trees are carbon sinks, which means they absorb carbon from the atmosphere. As
they grow, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves during
photosynthesis and store it in their tissue.
Fort Collins’ tree canopy stores an estimated 226,820 tons of carbon in tree trunks,
branches, and roots, valued at $39 million. Each year, all of the city’s trees sequester
(absorb and store) an additional 5,810 tons of carbon. Of this, public trees store 18,616
tons of carbon and sequester an additional 276 tons each year.
PEST SUSCEPTIBILITY
Tree pests and diseases often have preferred hosts. The susceptibility of an urban
forest to a pest or disease can be predicted based on its species and genus diversity.
Early identification of tree pests and diseases can reduce the impact of infestations
on the urban forest.
Of the pests and diseases of concern in Colorado, emerald ash borer threatens 13% of
the public tree inventory—the portion that is composed of the genus Fraxinus—with
potential tree losses valued at $22 million (table 6). If Asian longhorned beetle
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reaches Fort Collins, it poses the greatest threat to public trees, with predicted
economic impacts of up to $51 million. Replacement values are based on actual tree
attributes including size and are calculated using i-Tree Tools.
Other pests and diseases not listed here may affect the tree population in Fort
Collins, and many more trees, including those on private property, may be
susceptible to these invasive pests.
Table 6. Susceptibility of Fort Collins’ public trees to pests and diseases of concern in Colorado.
PEST NAME
NUMBER OF
SUSCEPTIBLE
TREES
PERCENT OF
PUBLIC TREE
INVENTORY
TREE
REPLACEMENT
VALUE ($)
Asian longhorned beetle 20,687 36% $51,310,744
Oak wilt 8,706 15% $7,553,465
Honeylocust spider mite 6,284 11% $10,104,137
Nectria
Red turpentine beetle 4,878 8% $10,827,409
Pine wilt nematode
Mountain pine beetle 2,126 4% $3,940,686
Ips
Aspen leaf miner 624 1% $1,757,006
Douglas-fir beetle 77 <1% $155,075
Emerald Ash Borer Response
Emerald ash borer (EAB) was first confirmed in Fort Collins in May 2020. The City’s
response is detailed in the Fort Collins Emerald Ash Borer Management and
Response Plan (2020). There are 7,388 ash trees in the Fort Collins tree inventory—
13% of the total inventoried tree population. Citywide, it is estimated that ash trees
comprise 33% of total tree canopy.
Forestry staff began to identify ash trees that are good candidates for prophylactic
treatment against emerald ash borer in 2016. Treatment of public trees began in
2021; to date, 2,054 trees have been treated. The tree inventory categorizes trees into
priority rankings for treatment and removal and identifies trees that have been
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treated by the adjacent property owner. Of these, 4,578 ash trees have been
categorized; however, a plurality of ash trees (2,649; 37%) have not been categorized
into treatment or removal priorities, and their treatment status remains unknown.
Ash trees should be routinely inspected to monitor for EAB infestations and
symptom progression due to the rapidity of decline caused by EAB infestation and
the safety implications of dead and dying trees in the right of way. A tier of
inspection priority is recommended. Priority 1 should be ash trees with an unknown
treatment status, so that these 2,649 trees can be assigned to a treatment group or a
removal schedule.
The 76 trees being treated by the adjacent property owner should also be inspected
regularly. Treatment is required every 2-3 years (depending on intensity and
insecticide used) for the remainder of the tree’s life; as property ownership changes,
trees may fall out of regular treatment schedules. It is important that Fort Collins
maintains the treatment record for these trees so that if adjacent property owners
are no longer able to manage the insecticide treatment, the City is able to efficiently
incorporate trees into their prioritization workflow.
Pest & Disease Resilience Strategies
Trees should be monitored for signs and symptoms of pests and diseases on a
regular basis. This can be done as part of the tree inventory process and during other
routine maintenance activities such as pruning. When a pest or disease is suspected,
act quickly to confirm the identification and begin management. Pay special
attention to tree species that are preferred host plants for pests and diseases, and
proactively remove specimens of invasive, exotic host species. For example, spotted
lanternfly can infest many tree genera but prefers tree of heaven (Ailanthus
altissima). Tree of heaven is currently rare in the state of Colorado; no specimens are
currently noted in Fort Collins’ public tree inventory.
Using the City’s EAB Management and Response Plan as a model, it is
recommended that the City prepare an invasive species management plan to guide
the response to future pest or disease infestations. Use preventative pesticide
treatments on high-value or historic trees that are susceptible to problematic pests
and/or diseases. Lastly, when planting trees, select pest- and disease-resistant
species or cultivars whenever possible.
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CLIMATE VULNERABILITY
Although trees require water to survive, in irrigated spaces, they help to conserve
more water than they use. Trees cool air and surface temperatures through
evapotranspiration and shade, which reduces the water requirements of the entire
landscape. For example, planting trees over turfgrass can reduce outdoor water use
by up to 50% (Shashua-Bar et al., 2009). For these reasons, Fort Collins’ tree canopy
will become an increasingly valuable resource for mitigating the effects of climate
change.
Land Surface Temperature
Land surface temperature was measured and averaged across two summer dates to
classify urban heat island effect in Fort Collins (figure 15). The analysis used satellite
data that were collected during the late afternoon on August 10, 2022 and July 3,
2023. On both dates,
high air temperatures of
93–95 degrees were
recorded, which are
close to the average
high temperature of 89
degrees. Areas with
higher tree canopy
cover show up on the
map as having lower
surface temperature.
Figure 15. Land surface
temperature of Fort Collins,
averaged from recorded
Landsat 8 satellite data
across two summer dates in
2022 and 2023.
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Climate Vulnerability and Risk Indices
The U.S. Climate Vulnerability Index is a web tool that quantifies future climate
vulnerability based on a combination of social, economic, infrastructure, and climate
factors. It compares U.S. census tracts and counties and provides a percentile score
that summarizes each location’s climate vulnerability relative to other census tracts
and counties. In this index, the national vulnerability percentile is the number of
other census tracts or counties that score better than Fort Collins for a given
indicator—a higher score indicates greater levels of vulnerability.
Climate vulnerability of Larimer County ranks in the 13th percentile nationally, which
means that only 13% of other U.S. counties are more vulnerable to climate change
overall. This is LOW overall climate vulnerability. However, at the level of census tract,
Fort Collins has highly variable overall climate vulnerability, suggesting inequality in
the resilience of the city to future climate impacts (figure 16, left). In addition, Fort
Collins ranks HIGH nationally in climate vulnerability that is related to two sets of
factors: climate impacts due to the built environment (figure 16, middle), and the
future impacts of extreme weather events (figure 16, right).
Climate vulnerability factors that relate to the built environment in Fort Collins and
Larimer County compared to other U.S. areas include high levels of impervious
surfaces, toxic air pollutants, vehicle traffic, agricultural pesticides, and a large
number of facilities with existing EPA enforcement or violations that serve as
pollution sources. Notably, low forested land cover relative to other U.S. counties and
census tracts (95th percentile) is included as one factor that raises Fort Collins’
environmental vulnerability.
U.S. Climate Mapping and Resilience Assessment provides more detailed
information about climate projections for Fort Collins. It projects future climate risks
based on two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. A lower-emissions scenario
Figure 16. U.S. Climate Vulnerability Index maps for Fort Collins census tracts showing overall climate
vulnerability (left), vulnerability that relates to the built environment (middle), and vulnerability related
to the likelihood of extreme weather events (right).
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projects the climate effects if humans were to eliminate global fossil fuel
combustion, resulting in no further greenhouse gas emissions, by 2040. The higher-
emissions scenario projects the climate effects if the date of this achievement were
not to occur until the year 2100.
Climate Vulnerability Due to Extreme Weather Events
There are several mid-century climate factors that can affect tree growth and
survival in Fort Collins. The national vulnerability percentile from the U.S. Climate
Vulnerability Index is listed below. For select extreme weather events where there is
additional information, the projections from the U.S. Climate Mapping and Resilience
Assessment are given for lower and higher emissions scenarios (compared to the
reference period from 1975–2005).
● Consecutive dry days: 94th percentile. The maximum number of consecutive
dry days is predicted to be 18 days by mid-century, a change of +0.6 days
compared to 1975–2005.
● Daily maximum temperature: 93rd percentile. The number of days per year
with a high of >95°F is predicted to increase by 5-8 days by mid-century.
● Urban heat island extreme heat days: 82nd percentile. The number of days per
year with an air temperature of >90°F is predicted to increase by 16–21 days,
which due to urban heat island effect will feel hotter within highly built areas
of the city.
● Cold waves: 73rd percentile. Overall, the number of days that remain below
32°F is predicted be reduced by 11-14 days per year, but the threat posed by
cold waves will remain relatively high compared to other parts of the U.S.
● Frost days: 77th percentile. Temperature extremes are predicted to become
more erratic, leading to potentially more early and late frost days that can
damage trees.
Drought Tolerance of the Public Tree Inventory
The public tree inventory has begun adding information about the irrigation status
of trees; at present, irrigation status is known for 16,665 trees. Of these, 14,754 trees
have access to irrigation. The irrigation status of trees is important for evaluating the
risk of the tree inventory to drought and planning emergency response including
hand watering during periods of extreme drought.
An analysis examined drought tolerance of 151 species of trees in the public tree
inventory, which comprise 78% of public trees (45,345 trees), based on species
information from a 2006 study by Niinemets and Valladares (table 7).
● 1,765 public trees in Fort Collins have LOW drought tolerance
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● 28,999 public trees have MEDIUM drought tolerance
● 14,581 public trees have HIGH drought tolerance
Together with information about projected climate impacts, including growth in the
number of extreme heat days and consecutive dry days, the city can increase the
resilience of its public tree inventory by planting more drought-tolerant species over
time.
Table 7. Drought tolerance of the 35 most abundant species in the public tree inventory.
DROUGHT TOLERANCE
Populus angustifolia*
Populus sargentii*
Ulmus davidiana
Acer grandidentatum
Acer negundo*
Acer platanoides
Acer saccharinum
Acer saccharum
Acer tataricum
Aesculus glabra
Celtis occidentalis
Fraxinus americana*
Fraxinus pennsylvanica*
Malus domestica
Picea glauca
Picea pungens
Pinus strobiformis
Quercus macrocarpa
Quercus robur
Syringa reticulata
Tilia americana
Tilia cordata
Ulmus americana
Elaeagnus angustifolia*
Gleditsia triacanthos
Juniperus scopulorum
Pinus edulis
Pinus nigra
Pinus ponderosa
Pinus sylvestris
Pyrus calleryana
Quercus gambelii
Quercus shumardii
* Planting these species is prohibited by city code
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PRIORITY PLANTING ANALYSIS
The tree cover analysis of Fort Collins identified 15,418 acres of possible tree planting
space within the city and growth management area. This space comprises areas on
both public and private land that do not have existing tree canopy. It excludes areas
including agricultural fields, recreational fields, and major utility corridors where tree
canopy would conflict with existing land uses.
The priority planting analysis ranked possible tree planting area on a five-point scale
from Very Low to Very High based on the potential for tree benefits to positively
impact environmental, human health, and social factors (table 8).
Priority Planting Factors
● Environmental: Priority areas for stormwater management were identified
based on proximity to hardscape, proximity to tree canopy, floodplain
proximity, soil permeability, slope, and soil erosion factor. Areas of higher
potential for runoff and erosion were considered higher priority due to their
ability to diminish water quality within urban areas. Priority areas for urban
heat island mitigation were based on land surface temperature calculations
(see figure 15, above). Higher surface temperatures were considered higher
priority due to the adverse effects of elevated microclimates within urban
areas.
o The priority planting analysis identified 1,802 acres of possible planting
area that rank High or Very High in the ability to mitigate stormwater
runoff (figure 17).
o The analysis identified 3,167 acres of possible planting area that rank
High or Very High for urban heat island mitigation (figure 18).
● Social Equity: The priority planting analysis incorporated social equity factors
that correlate with vulnerabilities that can be partially mitigated by tree
benefits based on scientific research. The analysis used U.S. Census data of
income, population density, racial and ethnic minority percent, and home
renter percent. Priority areas for social equity are places where additional tree
canopy would benefit vulnerable populations.
o The priority planting analysis identified 2,287 acres of possible planting
area that rank High or Very High for proximity to residents that have
increased vulnerability to environmental and climate concerns that can
be mitigated by trees (figure 19).
● Human Health: The priority planting analysis also incorporated three human
health concerns that are prevalent in Fort Collins and most impacted by tree
benefits: asthma, heart disease, and mental health disorders (see box, “Trees
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Contribute to Neighborhood & Community Vitality”). Priority areas for human
health are areas where these concerns are most prevalent.
o The priority planting analysis identified 3,342 acres of possible planting
area that rank High or Very High for proximity to residents that have
health concerns that can be mitigated by trees (figure 20).
● Composite (All) Priorities: This analysis overlays each of the factors above to
identify priority planting areas where trees can address all issues.
o The priority planting analysis identified 2,250 acres of possible planting
area that rank High or Very High for the combined effects of all the
factors listed above (figure 21).
Table 8. Possible tree planting area in Fort Collins, ranked by priority to address environmental, social
equity, and/or human health factors.
PRIORITY PLANTING ACRES
PRIORITY STORMWATER HEAT ISLAND SOCIAL EQUITY HEALTH ALL
Very Low 10,472 2,007 6,165 5,353 8,218
Low 1,989 3,723 3,565 4,418 3,337
Moderate 1,155 6,521 3,401 2,305 1,613
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Figure 18. Priority planting areas for
urban heat island mitigation based
on land surface temperatures.
stormwater management, based on
a combination of environmental
factors that contribute to increased
stormwater runoff.
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Figure 19. Priority planting areas
where tree benefits can be placed in
proximity to vulnerable resident
populations.
where tree canopy can help mitigate
asthma, heart disease, and mental
health disorders.
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Figure 21. Priority planting areas that maximize the environmental, social, and human health benefits
of trees.
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Tree Placement
A tree placement analysis identified 465,507 possible tree planting sites across Fort
Collins, including on both public and private land (table 9). Sites were classified as
being suitable for trees based on small, medium, or large crown size. Large trees
were placed first, as they provide the greatest benefit; then, the remaining planting
area was populated with small- and medium-
statured trees.
The analysis produced a GIS data file with all
planting sites and accompanying information
about priority planting metrics for
environmental, social, and human health factors
(figure 22). Data are provided to the City of Fort
Collins as a standalone GIS tool.
Figure 22. A snapshot taken from the tree placement analysis showing possible planting locations for
small-, medium-, and large-stature trees along a street right-of-way.
TREE
CROWN SIZE
NUMBER OF
PLANTING SPACES
Large 207,695
Total Sites 465,507
Table 9. Possible tree planting sites,
classified by the size of tree that they
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RESILIENCE & SUSTAINABLE GROWTH: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Trees provide innumerable benefits to the people of Fort Collins. Select tree benefits
can be assigned a monetary value that is based on avoided costs, including air
pollution reduction, stormwater runoff mitigation, and carbon sequestration and
storage. Based on these benefits alone, Fort Collins’ trees produce at least $2.2
million in ecosystem services each year. This amount has increased in the past
decade with tree canopy growth—today, trees provide an additional $346,000 in
services per year than they did in 2011. These benefits can be used to explain
expenditures for tree planting and maintenance activities to taxpayers and city
leadership. These benefits also form the basis for efforts to preserve and expand tree
canopy as part of climate resilience strategies and to more equitably distribute tree
canopy across the city.
It is important to preserve the function and survival of trees in the face of future
threats from pests, diseases, and climate change. Ash comprises a large portion of
the city’s tree canopy, making emerald ash borer a significant threat into the
foreseeable future. Oak wilt may present a concern for public trees in the future. The
city’s EAB response can serve as a model for expanded pest and disease planning
and management.
Future climate predictions include increases in periods of extreme heat, drought,
and early/late freezes, all of which can be challenging conditions for trees. New
species are coming to Fort Collins in the future that present additional options for
drought tolerance and urban resilience. Species recommendations, such as the trees
and shrubs that are recommended by Plant Select, have few specimens in the
existing public tree inventory, demonstrating a potential for expanded planting.
Collaborative partnerships with local growers will be needed for the continued
management of pests and to secure desired climate-resilient nursery stock.
Comparing maps of canopy change (for example, see map 3) to priority planting
maps for social and human health benefits show that many areas of greatest tree
canopy loss have occurred where tree canopy is most needed to build social equity.
The priority planting and tree placement analyses can be used to guide future
planting efforts on both public and private land where trees can have the greatest
impact.
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Operational Efficiency and Resource
Management
INDICATORS OF A SUSTAINABLE URBAN FOREST
To better understand and evaluate the level of urban forest care, management, and
engagement in Fort Collins, the city’s forestry program was assessed on 30
sustainable urban forest indicators (tables 10, 11, and 12). The Indicators of a
Sustainable Urban Forest is a program assessment tool that uses industry standards
and best management practices to assess the city’s urban forest, its management,
and the community and stakeholders that influence it.
Fort Collins’ performance level for 30 Indicators of a Sustainable Urban Forest was
assessed as:
● LOW on 3 indicators (10%)
● LOW-MODERATE on 1 indicators (3%)
● MODERATE on 15 indicators (50%)
● MODERATE-HIGH on 5 indicators (17%)
● HIGH on 6 indicators (20%)
Summarized by each of the three categories of indicators, Fort Collins’ performance
level is:
● The Trees: MODERATE
● The Community & Stakeholders: MODERATE
● The Management Program: MODERATE-HIGH
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 46
Appendix
The Trees: MODERATE
Table 10. Fort Collins’ urban forestry performance level for eight indicators of a sustainable urban forest
that relate to trees and tree canopy.
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Urban Tree
Canopy
Achieve the desired tree
canopy cover according to
goals set for the entire city
and neighborhoods.
Alternatively, achieve 75%
of the total canopy
possible for the entire city
and in each neighborhood.
Canopy is
decreasing.
- and/or -
No canopy
goals have
been set.
Canopy is not
dropping, but
not on a
trajectory to
achieve the
established
goal.
Canopy goal is
achieved, or well
on the way to
achievement.
No canopy
goal has been
set, but canopy
grew 17.2% in
past 10 years.
Equitable
Distribution
of Canopy
Achieve low variation
between tree canopy and
equity factors citywide by
neighborhood. Ensure
that the benefits of tree
canopy are available to all,
especially for vulnerable
populations for whom tree
benefits are of particular
importance.
Tree planting
and public
outreach and
education is not
determined by
tree canopy
cover or
benefits.
Tree planting
and public
outreach and
education is
focused on
neighborhoods
with low tree
canopy.
and public
outreach and
education is
focused in
neighborhoods
with low tree
canopy and a
high need for
tree benefits.
A planting
plan can help
the city plan
canopy growth
for low-canopy,
high-need
neighborhood
s.
Age of Trees
(Size and
Age
Distribution)
Establish a diverse-aged
population of public trees
across the entire city and
for each neighborhood.
Ideal standard:
0-8" DBH: 40%
9-17" DBH: 30%
18-24" DBH: 20%
Over 24" DBH: 10%
Age
distribution is
not
proportionately
distributed
across size
classes at the
city level.
Age
distribution is
evenly
distributed at
city level,
though
unevenly
distributed at
the
neighborhood
level.
Age distribution
is generally
aligned with the
ideal standard
diameter classes
at the
neighborhood
level.
Citywide age
distribution is
60% young
trees.
Condition of
Publicly
Owned
Trees
Possess a detailed
understanding of tree
condition and potential
risk of all intensively-
managed, publicly-owned
trees. This information is
used to direct
maintenance actions.
No current
information is
available on
tree condition
or risk.
Information
from a partial or
sample or
inventory is
used to assess
tree condition
and risk.
Information
from a current,
GIS-based, 100%
complete public
tree inventory is
used to indicate
tree condition
and risk.
Condition
information is
available, and
there is partial
information
about risk.
Condition of
Publicly-
Owned
Natural
Areas
Possess a detailed
understanding of the
ecological structure and
function of all publicly-
owned natural areas (such
as woodlands, ravines,
stream corridors, etc.), as
well as usage patterns.
No current
information is
available on
tree condition
or risk.
Publicly-owned
natural areas
are identified in
a sample-based
"natural areas
survey" or
similar data.
from a current,
GIS-based, 100%
complete
natural areas
survey is utilized
to document
ecological
structure and
function, as well
as usage
patterns.
Limited tree
inventory
within public
natural areas.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 47
Appendix
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Trees on
Private
Property
Possess a solid
understanding of the
extent, location and
general condition of trees
on private lands.
No data is
available on
private trees.
canopy
assessment
reflects basic
information
(location) of
both public and
private canopy
combined.
Detailed
information
available on
private trees. Ex.
bottom-up
sample-based
assessment of
trees.
Current
citywide UTC
assessment
based on 2021
data.
Diversity
Establish a genetically
diverse population of
publicly-owned trees
across the entire city and
for each neighborhood.
Tree populations should be
comprised of no more
than 30% of any family,
20% of any genus, or 10% of
any species.
Fewer than five
species
dominate the
entire tree
population
citywide.
No species
represents
more than 20%
of the entire
tree population
citywide.
No species
represents more
than 10% of the
entire tree
population
citywide.
Fraxinus
pennsylvanica
(11%) and
Gleditsia
triacanthos
(11%) exceed
10%, and there
are plans in
place to
reduce their
population.
Suitability
Establish a tree population
suited to the urban
environment and adapted
to the overall region.
Suitable species are
gauged by exposure to
imminent threats,
considering the "Right
Tree for the Right Place"
concept and invasive
species.
Less than 50%
of trees are
considered
suitable for the
site.
50% to 75% of
trees are
considered
suitable for the
site.
More than 75%
of trees are
considered
suitable for the
site.
reliant on
irrigation for
survival;
predictions of
future
drought,
extreme heat,
and abrupt
cold will pose a
challenge to
many species.
The Players: MODERATE
Table 11. Fort Collins’ urban forestry performance level for nine indicators of a sustainable urban forest
that relate to partnerships and the community.
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Neighbor-
hood Action
Citizens understand,
cooperate, and participate
in urban forest
management at the
neighborhood level. Urban
forestry is a neighborhood-
scale issue.
Little or no
citizen
involvement or
neighborhood
action.
Some active
groups are
engaged in
advancing
urban forestry
activity, but
with no unified
set of goals or
priorities.
The majority of
all
neighborhoods
are organized,
connected, and
working
towards a
unified set of
goals and
priorities.
UFA program;
HOA tree
planting
programs
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 48
Appendix
Large Private
&
Institutional
Landholder
Involvement
Large, private, and
institutional landholders
embrace citywide goals
and objectives through
targeted resource
management plans.
Large private
land holders are
unaware of
issues and
potential
influence in the
urban forest. No
large private
land
management
plans are
currently in
place.
Education
materials and
advice is
available to
large private
landholders.
Few large
private
landholders or
institutions
have
management
plans in place.
Clear and
concise goals
are established
for large private
land holders
through direct
education and
assistance
programs. Key
landholders and
institutions have
management
plans in place.
partners noted
a good
relationship
with Forestry.
CSU
coordinates
with Forestry
on
management
of trees along
their
boundaries.
Opportunity to
increase
cooperation on
campuses for
Broadcom/He
wlitt-Packard,
Poudre School
District,
Woodward
Governor, and
Green
Industry
Involvement
The green industry works
together to advance
citywide urban forest goals
and objectives. The city
and its partners capitalize
on local green industry
expertise and innovation.
Little or no
involvement
from green
industry leaders
to advance
local urban
forestry goals.
Some
partnerships
are in place to
advance local
urban forestry
goals, but more
often for the
short-term.
Long-term
committed
partnerships are
working to
advance local
urban forestry
goals.
Forestry staff
are highly
involved in
regional
conversations
about EAB,
wood waste
utilization, and
other topics.
City
Department
and
Agency
Cooperation
All city departments and
agencies cooperate to
advance citywide urban
forestry goals and
objectives.
Conflicting
goals and/or
actions among
city
departments
and agencies.
Informal teams
among
departments
and agencies
are
communicatin
g and
implementing
common goals
on a project-
specific basis.
and
collaboration
occur across all
departments
and agencies.
City policy and
actions are
implemented by
formal
interdepartmen
tal and
interagency
working teams
on all city
Veg Team
meets to
discuss
vegetation
across city
departments.
Partners noted
that Zoning
and Forestry
may require
closer
cooperation.
Funder
Engagement
Local funders are engaged
and invested in urban
forestry initiatives. Funding
is adequate to implement
citywide urban forest
management plan.
Little or no
funders are
engaged in
urban forestry
initiatives.
Funders are
engaged in
urban forestry
initiatives at
minimal levels
for short-term
projects.
Multiple funders
are fully
engaged and
active in urban
forestry
initiatives for
short-term
projects and
long-term goals.
Shade and
Living Tribute
Trees
programs;
private
donation of
$50,000 per
year in 2022
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 49
Appendix
Utility
Engagement
All utilities are aware of
and vested in the urban
forest and cooperates to
advance citywide urban
forest goals and objectives.
Utilities and city
agencies act
independently
of urban
forestry efforts.
No
coordination
exists.
Utilites and city
agencies have
engaged in
dialogues
about urban
forestry efforts
with respect to
capital
improvement
and
infrastructure
projects.
Utilities, city
agencies, and
other
stakeholders
integrate and
collaborate on
all urban
forestry efforts,
including
planning, site
work, and
outreach/educat
ion.
coordination
between
Forestry and
utilities.
Additional
coordination
may be
needed for
education and
outreach to
private
property
owners.
Utilities and
Engineering/CI
P have
concerns
about
increased
mitigation
requirements
of draft Land
Developer
Engagement
The development
community is aware of and
vested in the urban forest
and cooperates to advance
citywide urban forest goals
and objectives.
Little or no
cooperation
from
developers in
(or awareness
of)
municipality-
wide urban
forest goals and
objectives.
Some
cooperation
from
developers and
general
awareness and
acceptance of
municipality-
wide goals and
objectives.
Specific
collaborative
arrangements
across
development
community in
support of
municipality-
wide goals and
objectives.
exhibit good
understanding
and
acceptance of
city rules. New
LUC updates
demonstrate
capacity for
city goals &
Public
Awareness
The general public
understands the benefits
of trees and advocates for
the role and importance of
the urban forest.
Trees are
generally seen
as a nuisance,
and thus, a
drain on city
budgets and
personal
paychecks.
Trees are
generally
recognized as
important and
beneficial.
Trees are seen
as valuable
infrastructure
and vital to the
community’s
well-being. The
urban forest is
recognized for
the unique
environmental,
economic, and
social services it
provides to the
community.
generally
supportive of
the urban
forest on
public land.
Support for the
private urban
forest needs
further
assessment to
tease apart
public
sentiment
about specific
Regional
Collaboration
Neighboring communities
and regional groups are
actively cooperating and
interacting to advance the
region's stake in the city's
urban forest.
Little or no
interaction
between
neighboring
communities
and regional
groups.
Neighboring
communities
and regional
groups share
similar goals
and policy
vehicles related
to trees and the
urban forest.
Regional urban
forestry
planning,
coordination,
and
management is
widespread.
local
communities
have indicated
an interest in
partnering.
There's an
opportunity to
share planning
and resources
and coordinate
more on
education/outr
each.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 50
Appendix
opportunities
at county level
(Larimer,
Weld), CO
State Forest
Service,
CSU/CSU
Extension, and
Poudre School
District.
The Management: MODERATE-HIGH
Table 12. Fort Collins’ urban forestry performance level for 12 indicators of a sustainable urban forest
that relate to Forestry operations.
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Tree
Inventory
based, current inventory of
all intensively-managed
public trees to guide
management, with
mechanisms in place to
keep data current and
available for use. Data
allows for analysis of age
distribution, condition, risk,
diversity, and suitability.
No inventory or
out-of-date
inventory of
publicly-owned
trees.
Partial or
sample-based
inventory of
publicly-owned
trees,
inconsistently
updated.
Complete, GIS-
based
inventory of
publicly-owned
trees, updated
on a regular,
systematic
basis.
Current
inventory dates
from 2018-2023
Canopy
Assessment
Accurate, high-resolution,
and recent assessment of
existing and potential city-
wide tree canopy cover
that is regularly updated
and available for use across
various departments,
agencies, and/or
disciplines.
No tree canopy
assessement.
Sample-based
canopy cover
assessment, or
dated (over 10
years old) high
resolution
canopy
assessment.
High-resolution
tree canopy
assessement
using aerial
photographs or
satellite
imagery.
Current UTC
from 2021 data
with
comparison to
2011.
Management
Plan
Existence and buy-in of a
comprehensive urban
forest management plan
to achieve city-wide goals.
Re-evaluation is conducted
every 5 to 10 years.
No urban forest
management
plan exists.
A plan for the
publicly-owned
forest resource
exists but is
limited in
scope,
acceptance,
and
implementatio
n.
A
comprehensive
plan for the
publicly owned
forest resource
exists and is
accepted and
implemented.
demonstrates
elements of a
management
plan, such as a
proactive
pruning
program. There
is opportunity
to create a
planning
document that
can be
circulated for
support.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 51
Appendix
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Risk
Management
Program
are managed for
maximum public safety by
way of maintaining a city-
wide inventory,
conducting proactive
annual inspections, and
eliminating hazards within
a set timeframe based on
risk level. Risk
management program is
outlined in the
management plan.
Request-based,
reactive system.
The condition
of publicly-
owned trees is
unknown.
There is some
degree of risk
abatement
thanks to
knowledge of
condition of
publicly-owned
trees, though
generally still
managed as a
request-based
reactive system.
complete tree
inventory with
risk assesment
data and a risk
abatement
program in
effect. Hazards
are eliminated
within a set
time period
depending on
the level of risk.
noted a
decrease in risk
assessment
needs and tree
failures with
shorter pruning
rotation.
Forestry is
trying to shift
away from a
request-based
reactive system.
Maintenance
Program of
Publicly-
Owned Trees
publicly-owned trees are
well maintained for
optimal health and
condition in order to
extend longevity and
maximize benefits. A
reasonable cyclical
pruning program is in
place, generally targeting 5
to 7 year cycles. The
maintenance program is
outlined in the
management plan.
Request-based,
reactive system.
No systematic
pruning
program is in
place for
publicly-owned
trees.
All publicly-
owned trees are
systematically
maintained, but
pruning cycle is
inadequate.
All publicly-
owned trees
are proactively
and
systematically
maintained
and adequately
pruned on a
cyclical basis.
There is
extensive
pruning taking
place, currently
on a 5–6 year
cycle. Young
trees are visited
more
frequently—
every 2-3 years
to manage
clearance.
Maintenance
Program of
Publicly-
Owned
Natural Areas
The ecological structure
and function of all publicly-
owned natural areas are
protected and enhanced
while accommodating
public use where
appropriate.
No natural
areas
management
plans are in
effect.
Only reactive
management
efforts to
facilitate public
use (risk
abatement).
Management
plans are in
place for each
publicly-owned
natural area
focused on
managing
ecological
structure and
function and
facilitating
public use.
plans are in
place for natural
areas by zone,
but with minor
exceptions, they
do not include
tree
management
components; in
many places,
trees are not
desired
Planting
Program
Comprehensive and
effective tree planting and
establishment program is
driven by canopy cover
goals, equity
considerations, and other
priorities according to the
plan. Tree planting and
establishment is outlined
in the management plan.
Tree
establishment
is ad hoc.
Tree
establishment
is consistently
funded and
occurs on an
annual basis.
establishment
is directed by
needs derived
from a tree
inventory and
other
community
plans and is
sufficient in
meeting
canopy cover
objectives.
Data from
Urban Forest
Strategic Plan
can be used to
create a data-
driven planting
plan to address
priorities.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 52
Appendix
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Tree
Protection
Policy
Comprehensive and
regularly updated tree
protection ordinance with
enforcement ability is
based on community
goals. The benefits derived
from trees on public and
private property are
ensured by the
enforcement of existing
policies.
No tree
protection
policy.
Policies are in
place to protect
trees, but the
policies are not
well-enforced
or ineffective.
Protections
policies ensure
the safety of
trees on public
and private
land. The
policies are
enforced and
supported by
significant
deterrents and
shared
ownership of
city goals.
place to protect
trees during
development,
and a
permitting
process is in
place for public
trees. Policies
are enforced,
but there are
currently no
policies to
protect trees on
private land
outside of
development
scenarios.
City Staffing
and
Equipment
Adequate staff and access
to the equipment and
vehicles to implement the
management plan. A high
level urban forester or
planning professional,
strong operations staff,
and solid certified arborist
technicians.
Insufficient
staffing levels,
insufficiently-
trained staff,
and/or
inadequate
equipment and
vehicle
availability.
Certified
arborists and
professional
urban foresters
on staff have
some
professional
development,
but are lacking
adequate staff
levels or
adequate
equipment.
Multi-
disciplinary
team within
the urban
forestry unit,
including an
urban forestry
professional,
operations
manager, and
arborist
technicians.
Vehicles and
equipment are
sufficient to
complete
required work.
adequately
staffed but has
identified near-
term needs to
scale
department
with growth of
canopy.
Equipment is in
good shape
overall, but
some
equipment
needs were
noted. City is
approaching
maximum
capacity of
existing staff.
Funding
Appropriate funding in
place to fully implement
both proactive and
reactive needs based on a
comprehensive urban
forest management plan.
Funding comes
from the public
sector only, and
covers only
reactive work.
Funding levels
(public and
private)
generally cover
mostly reactive
work. Low
levels of risk
management
and planting in
place.
funding from
engaged
private
partners and
adequate
public funding
are used to
proactively
manage and
expand the
urban forest.
Most funding is
from the public
sector, but work
is more than
reactive. Risk
management
and planting
could be
increased.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 53
Appendix
INDICATOR OVERALL OBJECTIVE OR
INDUSTRY STANDARD
PERFORMANCE LEVEL NOTES
LOW MODERATE HIGH
Disaster
Prepared-
ness &
Response
plan is in place related to
the city's urban forest. The
plan includes staff roles,
contracts, response
priorities, debris
management and a crisis
communication plan. Staff
are regularly trained
and/or updated.
No disaster
response plan is
in place.
A disaster plan
is in place, but
pieces are
missing and/or
staff are not
regularly
trained or
updated.
A robust
disaster
management
plan is in place,
regularly
updated and
staff is fully
trained on roles
and processes.
Storm response
plan in place
Communi-
cation
Effective avenues of two-
way communication exist
between the city
departments and between
city and its citizens.
Messaging is consistent
and coordinated, when
feasible.
No avenues are
in place. City
departments
and public
determine on
an ad-hoc basis
the best
messages and
avenues to
communicate.
Avenues are in
place but used
sporadically
and without
coordination or
only on a one-
way basis.
Avenues are in
place for two-
way communi-
cation, are well-
used with
targeted,
coordinated
messages.
place including
the City's
Access FC
system.
Additional
points of
contact include
phone and
email to various
staff. Outside of
Access FC
system,
communication
may be one-
way and/or
harder to track.
Trees Help Build a Safe Community
Trees enhance neighborhoods by providing a sense of community and safety. This is not
just perception; a 10% increase in neighborhood tree canopy cover has been associated
with a 12%–15% reduction in violent and property crimes. Along streets, trees help to slow
traffic, making streets safer for pedestrians and cyclists. Trees also cool streets and
sidewalks, creating more comfortable conditions for walking, biking, and public transit.
In communities with high incidences of crime, trees and shrubs can reduce sight lines. In
such communities, poorly maintained trees can contribute to a perceived lack of care,
which can have negative effects on mental health. An equitable approach to urban
forestry cover seeks to increase the benefits that trees provide while mindfully
addressing real concerns that residents may have about tree canopy in their
neighborhood, such as by ensuring proper maintenance.
Sources: Swift et al., 1997; Kuo, 2003; Ewing & Dumbaugh, 2009; O’Neil-Dunn, 2012; Gilstad-Hayden
et al., 2015; USDA Forest Service, 2018.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 54
Appendix
OPERATIONS REVIEW
An operations review of the Forestry Division was conducted via surveys, staff
interviews, and review of written policies and data. Select metrics lend themselves to
comparison with findings from a 2014 municipal urban forestry census, which
provides benchmarks for forestry programs among U.S. cities by region and
population size (Hauer & Peterson, 2016).
Number of Public Trees per Capita
Fort Collins’ public tree inventory of 57,991 trees is 0.34 public trees per capita (figure
23). While this is lower than the average for U.S. cities, it is also reflective of Fort
Collins’ native shrubland and grassland ecosystems.
Figure 23. The number of public trees per capita for 330 U.S. cities who provided data to a 2014
municipal forestry census, compared to figures for cities with populations from 100,000-249,999, cities
in the West region of the U.S., and Fort Collins.
Public Tree Activities by Year
The Forestry Division pruned 8,832 trees per year, on average, in the years from 2019–
2023 (figure 24). This marks a gradual increase in pruning activities over prior years
as part of efforts to achieve a five-year pruning rotation for all public trees (figure 25).
In 2022, the Division pruned 10,877 trees or 22.4% of the public tree inventory, which
meets the standard for a five-year pruning cycle. Industry standards recommend a
regular pruning cycle of 5–10 years. Only approximately one-half of U.S. cities
proactively prune their trees on a regular cycle of any duration (Hauer & Peterson,
2016).
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
All Cities Pop. 100,000-
249,999
West Region Fort Collins
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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FORT COLLINS URBAN FOREST STRATEGIC PLAN 55
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Beginning in 2021, public tree planting exceeded tree removals (figure 26). In this
year, the Forestry Division also began prophylactic treatments of public ash trees for
emerald ash borer.
Figure 24. Forestry Division tree activities by year, 2019-2023.
Figure 25. Percentage of public trees pruned by year. Public trees less than 18 inches DSH (light green)
and trees 18 inches DSH or larger (dark green) are shown relative to the percentage necessary for a 5-
year pruning cycle.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Pruned
Removed
Planted
EAB Treated
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Year
18+ in DSH
<18 in DSH
5-Year Pruning Rotation
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Figure 26. Number of public trees planted and removed by year.
Staffing
The Forestry Division currently employs 17 full-time staff, 5 hourly staff, and receives
part-time assistance from one office assistant (table 13, figure 27). One additional full-
time staff is housed within the Zoning Department; city council added this position
in 2023 to support forestry needs related to development.
Table 13. Forestry Division staffing, 2024.
STAFF TITLE
City Forester 1 0
Assistant City Forester 1 0
Senior Specialist, Forestry 3 0
Forestry Zoning Inspector (Zoning Dept.) 1 0
Senior Supervisor, Forestry 1 0
Crew Chief, Forestry 3 0
Technician II, Forestry 6 0
Technician I, Forestry 2 0
Hourly Staff 5 0
Office Assistant 0.25 0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
T
r
e
e
s
Year
Removed
Planted
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Figure 27. Organizational chart, City forestry staff.
Needed Capacity
Additional capacity needs have been identified for grant writing, development plan
review, and for operations including pruning, removal, planting, stump grinding,
potholing, infrastructure conflicts, and contract management. Grant writing capacity
can assist the Division with securing external funding sources to support expanded
planning, policy development, and operations. In plan review, additional capacity
would help the Division manage a growing number of requests for tree plan and
permit review as staff members are increasingly working with developers to ensure
that tree standards are met.
Operations needs can be summarized as one additional crew that will facilitate staff
rotations to ease physical demands, reduce injuries, and provide opportunities for
cross-training staff in various tree activities.
Credentials and Training
Among 17 existing staff members, fifteen hold Certified Arborist credentials from the
International Society of Arboriculture (ISA; figure 28). The Forestry Division was
compared to 655 U.S. cities that reported on forestry staff credentials in a national
municipal urban forestry census (Hauer & Peterson, 2016). The portion of Forestry
Division staff that have advanced training in arboriculture is similar to, or higher
than, the average among all U.S. cities for ISA Certified Arborist and Municipal
Specialist credentials but slightly lower than the average for cities that are similarly
sized to Fort Collins.
Zoning Forestry
Senior Inspector
PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT //
ZONING SERVICES
City Forester
Assistant
City Forester
Senior Supervisor,
Forestry
Chief (4) Technician II (1) Specialist (3)
Technician II (5) Technician I (2)
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Figure 28. Portion of City forestry staff with ISA credentials compared to forestry staff in 655 U.S. cities
of all sizes (blue dashed line) and a subset of cities with a population between 100,000 and 249,999
(red solid line).
Interviews of Forestry Division staff reported that city government is generally
supportive of training opportunities as budget allows. The Division is highly
participatory in regional working groups and discussions that relate to wood waste
diversion and utilization, pest and disease management, and other forestry topics,
providing team members with advanced regional learning opportunities. The
Division also hosts trainings for external arborists and has Tree Worker Certified
Proctors on staff who assist with annual tests.
Interviews supported a need for a more formal, consistent, and organized training
process, as well as written policy and processes for training that can be referenced.
There is also an opportunity for the Forestry Division to provide wage increases for
advanced certification so that compensation rates keep pace with the labor market.
Facilities
The Forestry Division has two office locations. Staff are divided between the two
offices. Building, wood yard, and mulch space is approaching maximum capacity.
Equipment
The Forestry Division is adequately equipped for its current workload, but
equipment needs require frequent reevaluation (table 14). Staff noted equipment
needs including replacements for equipment that is frequently used and currently
in Fair condition: a grapple, utility lift, and large aerial lift. Staff also noted needs for
additional equipment including a water truck, a small bucket truck, a traffic
attenuator, and trucks that are able to haul a skid steer and/or stump grinder. If an
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Certified Arborist Tree Risk
Assessment
Qualification
Tree Worker Board Certified
Master Arborist
Municipal
Specialist
Fort Collins
All U.S. Cities
Pop. 100,000-249,999
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additional operations crew were to be added to the Division, there would be
equipment needs related to outfitting that crew.
Table 14. Forestry Division equipment, quantity, and condition.
TYPE OF EQUIPMENT QUANTITY CONDITION RATING
Aerial lift 3 2 Fair, 1 Good
Chip truck 3 Fair
Chipper 3 Fair
Grapple truck 2 Good
Stump grinder 2 1 Fair, 1 Good
Dump truck 3 Fair
Pickup trucks 8 2 Good, 6 Fair
Electric vehicle 1 Fair
Traffic attenuator 1 Fair
Front loader 1 Fair
Electronic message & arrow board 1 Good
Utility trailer 5 Good
Budget & Funding
The Forestry Division is supported by the City’s General Fund, which is the main
operating fund for the City of Fort Collins. The Division also has a revenue account
that captures restitution and payment-in-lieu monies from development activities.
From 2019–2023, the Forestry Division annual budget ranged from $2.34 million–
$3.35 million (figure 29). As a percentage of the total city budget, Fort Collins is on
par with the average for 463 cities that provided budgetary information to a 2014
municipal forestry census (figure 30).
A significant snowstorm in March 2021 that brought up to 27 inches of snow resulted
in extensive tree damage, which led to an additional allocation of $273,837 to the
Forestry Division for storm response that funded storm cleanup and additional
pruning activities in 2021–2022. In addition, the Division received two private
donations of $50,000 each in 2022 and 2023, designated for tree planting.
Of the cities that provided budgetary information, only one-half (53%) reported that
their annual budget was adequate to meet their city’s forestry needs. Their average
budget shortfall was 45%. Among cities that were similarly sized to Fort Collins, the
percentage who said their annual budget was adequate to meet their forestry needs
dropped to 39%. In these cities, the average budget shortfall was approximately 36%.
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Figure 29. Forestry Division annual budget, 2019–2023.
Figure 30. Municipal forestry budgets as a percentage of total municipal budgets for 463 U.S. cities
(adjusted for inflation from 2014 values) compared to the Forestry Division’s 2023 annual budget.
The Forestry Division’s budget supports tree activities that are completed by both in-
house staff and contractors. The largest annual expenditures relate to pruning
(figure 31). From 2019–2023, average expenditures for contractual pruning were
$224,000 per year (table 15). In 2023, the Forestry budget allotted $300,000 for
contractual pruning.
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Fo
r
e
s
t
r
y
D
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
An
n
u
a
l
B
u
d
g
e
t
Year
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
All Cities West Region Pop. 100,000-
249,999
Fort Collins
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
o
f
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Figure 31. Average annual Forestry Division expenditures by activity, 2019–2023.
Table 15. Contractual pruning expenditures by year, 2019–2023.
YEAR
2019 $200,000
2020 $200,000
2021 $200,000
2022 $219,384
2023 $300,000
AVERAGE $223,877
Forestry Plans, Policies, and Documents
The following written plans, policies, and documents are maintained by the City or
the Forestry Division regarding tree care:
Tree Management Standards and Best Management Practices Manual (2010):
Written standards for arborist licensing, pruning, removal, pesticide application, and
tree protection. The Forestry Division would like to update this manual.
Emerald Ash Borer Management and Response Plan (2020): Details a three-year
treatment plan for the city’s ash trees; procedures for detection, management, and
tree replacement; and projected impacts.
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
Pruning Planting Emergency
Response
Removal Pest/Disease
Response
Wood
Recycling
20
1
9
-20
2
3
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Approved Street Trees List: Species guidance for street trees that are planted by
property owners, developers, and landscapers in the public right-of-way.
Parks Department Storm Damage to Urban Forest Rating Policy: Describes how
storm damage is assessed by city quadrant and prioritized. The Forestry Division
would like to update this policy.
Forestry does not yet have the following plans or programs:
● Urban Forest Management Plan
● Risk Management Program
● Public Tree Maintenance Program
● Tree Planting Plan
Forestry Service Requests
The Forestry Division received an average of 131 requests per year from 2019–2023 via
Access Fort Collins, the city’s online service request portal (table 16). An additional
1,453 requests per year were sent via the Division’s email address. The Forestry
Division also responds to service requests that are sent via phone and email to
individual staff members; these requests have not been historically tracked.
Table 16. Forestry service requests from the public, 2019–2023.
YEAR
2019 860
2020 944
2021 844
2023 870 1,430
Requests via all channels of contact are routed to specific staff members based on
topic. The most common requests relate to tree planting, insect and disease,
maintenance, private tree issues, and arborist licensing. Pruning and removal
requests are sent to Crew Chiefs, who specialize in specific topics. Emergency
requests are typically routed directly to the City Forester, Assistant City Forester, or
Senior Forestry Supervisor.
The typical response time for requests is within one year; a small number of larger
projects and tree replacement requests are completed within two years. With a
move toward a five-year pruning rotation, Forestry has been increasingly responding
to pruning requests with education about the city’s pruning rotation, attempting to
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defer individual requests until an entire neighborhood can be scheduled and pruned
at once.
Challenges of the existing system include multiple avenues of contact, which can
create duplicate requests if residents reach out via more than one channel with their
request.
Wood Waste Program
The Forestry Division has worked to be zero waste since 2009 by diverting all wood
waste material from landfills. The Division works with local wood workers to
repurpose quality wood waste from the public tree inventory into value-added
products. Other wood waste is provided as mulch to the general public at two
locations. Residents can recycle private tree materials at city and county drop-off
points and privately managed waste facilities. The City of Fort Collins is a member of
the Urban Wood Network, a national network of urban wood professionals and
stakeholders.
Future Tree Canopy Growth
Tree canopy cover is projected for Fort Collins to the year 2040 under current tree
planting practices, and tree planting is estimated for three possible tree canopy
scenarios (table 17). By projecting 2011–2021 tree canopy trends and planting efforts
into the future, Fort Collins is on a path to achieve 15.7% tree cover by 2040 (figure
32). Tree planting and preservation would need to significantly scale up to achieve
17%, 18%, or 20% canopy cover by 2040, involving the planting or preservation of
2,623–8,736 additional trees per year across public and private land. This would entail
additional Forestry Division support for tree planting as well as strong community
involvement to increase tree planting on privately owned land.
Based on Forestry expenditures from 2019–2023 of $490.55 per tree planted, annual
planting budgets for each canopy scenario are estimated to be between $1.3 million–
$4.3 million per year. Because growing citywide tree canopy involves both public
and private tree planting, these costs would be borne by both city government and
the private sector. Preservation of existing trees, such as through enhanced tree
protection policies for private land, may be a more cost-effective way to achieve a
higher canopy goal.
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Table 17. Tree canopy cover, canopy acres, and estimated trees to be planted under current levels of
public tree planting and three scenarios.
CANOPY COVER 2021:
6,396 ACRES (12.6%)
CANOPY
ACRES
2040
CANOPY
COVER
2040
TREE
CANOPY
CHANGE,
ACRES
(2024–2040)
TREES TO BE
PLANTED/
PRESERVED PER
YEAR, WITH
ANNUAL
PLANTING
COSTS,
PUBLIC +
Current Planting 7,988 15.7% 1,592 538 $263,916
Scenario 1: 17% by 2040 8,643 17.0% 2,246 2,623 $1,286,701
Scenario 2: 18% by 2040 9,151 18.0% 2,755 4,661 $2,286,248
Scenario 3: 20% by 2040 10,168 20.0% 3,772 8,736 $4,285,342
Figure 32. Predicted tree canopy cover under current levels of public tree planting and three scenarios.
OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Fort Collins’ Forestry Division provides a high level of service in the management of
its public tree inventory. The city recently achieved the first year of a five-year
pruning cycle, aided by an additional one-year budget allocation for storm response
in 2021–2022 that supported additional pruning activities. This puts Fort Collins
within a minority of U.S. cities that proactively manage their public tree inventory per
urban forestry industry recommendations of a 5–10 year routine pruning cycle. The
Division also recently achieved a level of planting that exceeds removals in 2022,
aided by $100,000 in private donations for tree planting.
20%
18%
17%
15.7%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040
Ca
n
o
p
y
C
o
v
e
r
(
%
)
Year
Scenario 3:
20% by 2040
Scenario 2:
18% by 2040
Scenario 1:
17% by 2040
Current
Planting
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As the inventory grows, it will be necessary to scale Forestry Division operations and
capacity to keep pace. As noted in the public tree inventory, public trees skew to
younger size classes (see figure 14). As these trees grow into larger size classes, per-
tree maintenance costs will increase over time.
Additional capacity will be particularly needed if Fort Collins wants to increase its
rate of canopy growth over time. The City is on a path to achieve 15.7% tree cover by
2040, if the previous decade’s trend continues. To increase canopy cover to 17%–20%
would require the additional planting of or preservation of 2,623–8,736 trees per year
across public and private lands. The costs of such an endeavor vary but, using
Forestry’s per-tree expenditure from 2019–2023 as a benchmark, costs are estimated
to be $1.3 million–$4.3 million per year. Enhanced tree protection and preservation
provides an alternative to tree planting to achieve the City’s canopy goal.
The Forestry Division is currently fully staffed and has identified needed capacity in
grant writing, plan review, and operations. Additional staff capacity in plan and
permit review will become especially necessary with any future adoption of an
expanded land use code and any additional policy changes for tree preservation and
protection. To maintain a five-year pruning cycle as the urban forest grows, it will be
necessary to add an additional operations crew and associated equipment.
Additional operations capacity will help existing staff develop new skills and remain
healthy in physically demanding positions by allowing for crew rotations among
different tree activities.
The Forestry Division could benefit from closer tracking of resident requests and
budget expenditure by tree activity. Such tracking expands the opportunities for
reporting about tree activities relative to the City’s Key Outcome Areas. It also
provides opportunities to more closely track staff time and expenditures related to
resident requests.
Detailed work plans are another method to make efficient use of personnel and
budget. Enhanced data collection for the tree inventory to include maintenance
needs and risk can help inform planning for the routine pruning cycle and reduce
resident requests. Inventory data about vacant planting sites, combined with the
priority planting and tree placement analyses, can be used to create annual planting
plans to plant trees where they are most needed.
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Forestry Division Contributions to a High Performing Government
Fort Collins’ Forestry Division, housed within the Parks Department, provides a high level
of service in the management of public trees.
Proactive Maintenance. The Division is among a minority of U.S. cities that maintain
public trees on a routine pruning cycle. Routine maintenance is a safer and more cost
effective alternative than reactive pruning that takes place in response to storm damage,
emergencies, and public requests, saving the City up to 50% in pruning costs. The
Division currently maintains public trees on a 5–7 year pruning cycle, with the goal of
attaining a consistent five-year pruning cycle.
Data-Driven Management. The urban tree canopy assessment, inventory data, and
other information that is presented in the Urban Forest Strategic Plan will be regularly
updated to assist Forestry with informed decision making. The information in the Plan
can also be used to inform policy updates for the strategic growth and protection of the
urban forest.
Resident Involvement. Urban Forest Ambassadors are trained volunteers that assist the
Forestry Division with inventory data collection. This program provides residents with an
opportunity to learn more about their urban forest and contribute to its upkeep.
Residents are also able to make requests related to public trees through Access Fort
Collins. And more than 1,180 residents contributed their ideas to the creation of this
Urban Forest Strategic Plan through participation in the planning process.
Integration with City Plans and Priorities. Trees and tree benefits are integrated into
many City plans, including the City’s strategic plan, and there are future opportunities to
increase Forestry involvement in planning efforts. Implementation of this Urban Forest
Strategic Plan will enhance the ways that urban forestry can be related to city Outcome
Areas.
Sources: AECOM, 2013; Fort Collins 2024 Strategic Plan.
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Community Engagement and Policy
Integration
COMMUNITY FEEDBACK
Public engagement took place throughout the planning process to gather
community input and feedback about Fort Collins’ trees. Public engagement
included a public survey and three public meetings. Forestry partnering entities
were also invited to provide feedback in structured focus group meetings.
Public Survey
The Urban Forest Strategic Plan planning team released a public survey in fall 2023
that was open to public participation from September–December 2023. Nine
hundred seventy-one (971) participants completed the survey, which included 14
questions (table 18).
Ninety-nine percent (99%) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that trees are
an important part of Fort Collins (figure 33), while 95% agreed that public trees are
well cared for or somewhat well cared for (figure 34). There was mixed agreement
about whether Fort Collins has the right number of trees or too few (figure 35).
In general, respondents favor public land for tree planting, including parks, streets,
schools, and trails, over private property (figure 36). When asked about their support
for various private tree protection mechanisms, including tree removal permits, tree
replacement or payment-in-lieu, and increased education about tree protection
standards during construction, most respondents (75%) supported increased
education (figure 37), while approximately 40% of respondents supported stronger
tree protection mechanisms. Twenty percent of respondents did not support
stronger private tree protection policies.
Participants ranked the top three tree benefits as shade, urban heat island
mitigation, and air quality improvements (figure 38). In an open-ended question
about their hopes for the future of Fort Collins’ urban forest, the most common
response themes included hopes for a healthy urban forest, opinions about species
selection, and a desire for more trees (figure 39; table 19).
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Figure 33. Responses to public survey question that asked participants to rate their agreement with
the phrase, “Trees are an important part of Fort Collins” using a five-point Likert scale.
Figure 34. Responses to a public survey question that asked participants to complete the phrase,
“Public trees seem…” with one of five response options.
Figure 35. Responses to a public survey question that asked participants to complete the phrase,
“Across Fort Collins there are…” with one of three response options.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
disagree
Re
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
Trees are an important part of Fort Collins.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Well cared
for
Somewhat
cared for
Poorly cared
for
Neglected No opinion
Re
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
Public trees seem...
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Too many trees The right amount
of trees
Too few trees
Re
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
Across Fort Collins there are...
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Figure 36. Responses to a public survey question that asked participants to answer the question,
“Where is it most important to plant trees?”, with the option to select multiple choices.
Figure 37. Responses to a public survey question that asked participants to complete the phrase, “I
support…” with one of four response options.
Figure 38. Responses to a public survey question that asked participants to rank tree benefits in order
from most (rank 1) to least (rank 10) important.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Parks Streets Schools Businesses Trails Private
property
Re
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
Where is it most important to plant trees?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Required tree removal
permits for trees above a
certain size
Required replacement
or payment in the
amount of the trees'
appraised value
Increased education
about tree protection
standards during
construction on private
property
I don't support stronger
policies on private
property trees
Re
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
I support...
12345678910
Av
e
r
a
g
e
r
a
n
k
Rank tree benefits in order of most to least importance.
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Figure 39. Responses to the open-ended question, “What is your hope for the future of the urban forest
in Fort Collins?”, categorized by theme. A response could be positive, negative, or neutral about a
theme.
Table 18. Public survey questions and responses (971 participants).
QUESTION RESPONSES*
Q1- Trees are an important part of Fort
Collins.
Strongly agree (94%)
Agree (5%)
Neutral (0.2%)
Disagree (0%)
Q1- Having trees is worth the financial
cost of maintaining them.
Strongly agree (86%)
Agree (11%)
Neutral (2%)
Disagree (0.2%)
Q1- Public street trees seem well cared
for in Fort Collins.
Agree (48%)
Neutral (11%)
0 100 200 300
Volunteering
Solar
Cycling
Sidewalks
Streets/Medians
Gardens/Fruit trees
Xeriscape/Water
Equity
Preservation
City Funding/Staffing
EAB
Benefits/Value
Climate Change
Heat/Shade
Maintenance
Tree Planting
City Identity
Private Land Policy
Development
Resident Resources
More Trees
Species
Healthy Urban Forest
Number of Responses
Re
s
p
o
n
s
e
T
h
e
m
e
What is your hope for the future of the
urban forest in Fort Collins?
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QUESTION RESPONSES*
Strongly disagree (0.7%)
Q2- Across Fort Collins there are…
Too few trees (50%)
The right amount of trees (49%)
Q2- In my neighborhood there are… The right amount of trees (60%)
Too many trees (2%)
Q3- Trees in the urban environment
provide many known benefits to the
community, some of which are listed
below. To help us understand how to
best maximize these benefits to meet
community needs, please rank the
benefits below from most important to
yo...
Help reduce crime (9.2)
Increase my property value (7.5)
Reduce flooding/run-off (basement/property) (6.6)
Screen and provide privacy from my neighbors (6.6)
Protect us from noisy roads and highways (6.5)
Help landscape and beautify my property (6.1)
Improve my mental and physical health (6)
Provide habitat for wildlife (4.8)
Improve air quality (reduce air pollution) (4.5)
Prevent the city from becoming a hotter and drier place
(3.9)
Shade to help reduce temperatures and keep my
Q4- Where is it most important to
plant trees in Fort Collins? Please
select your top five.
Parks (88%)
Private property (52%)
Retail/commercial areas (i.e., parking lots) (71%)
Schools (78%)
Streets (parkways and medians) (79%)
Trails (65%)
Other (6%)
Strongly agree (84%)
Agree (13%)
Neutral (2%)
Disagree (0%)
grown between the curb and sidewalk,
in street medians, in parks, cemeteries,
golf courses, and other City facilities,
and are maintained by the City. These
public trees seem:
Well cared for (55%)
Somewhat cared for (40%)
Poorly cared for (3%)
Neglected (0.5%)
No opinion (2%)
Q6- How do you feel about the City of
Fort Collins Forestry Division's response
to tree-related requests in the
community?
Responsive (29%)
Neutral (46%)
Responsive, but not in a timely manner (3%)
a Heritage Tree Program. Heritage Tree
Programs are developed to protect
and maintain trees on both public and
private property in the community that
may be of special species, sizes, or have
I am in support of a Heritage Tree Program (54%)
I am not in support of a Heritage Tree Program (9%)
I don’t know enough to decide (37%)
forest, the City of Fort Collins is
assessing the need to preserve canopy
on private property. Examples of
certain size of diameter (46%)
Required mitigation standards to apply - which means
requiring replacement or payment in the amount of the
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QUESTION RESPONSES*
tree removal guidelines to the building
permit process, home expansion,...
Increasing education around tree protection
standards during construction on private property
(75%)
I don't support stronger policies on private property
Open response (see below)
Q10- Do you live, work, or play in Fort
Collins? Please select all that apply.
I own a home here (77%)
I rent a home/apartment here (16%)
I am visiting (2%)
I work or go to school here (32%)
I own a business here (10%)
Q11- What zip code do you live in?
80526 (29%)
80525 (26%)
80521 (20%)
80524 (17%)
80528 (7%)
80523 (0.3%)
80527 (0.1%)
80522 (0%)
80523 (0%)
Q12- How do you identify your race
and/or ethnicity? Please select all that
apply.
White (798)
Hispanic/Latinx/Spanish Origin (38)
Asian/ Asian American (19)
American Indian/Alaska Native (13)
Middle Eastern/ North African (6)
African American/ Black (4)
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (3)
African (0)
Decline to specify (113)
Q13- What is your age?
65-74 (21%)
55-64 (19%)
45-54 (14%)
35-44 (18%)
18-34 (17%)
12-17 (0.1%)
Under 12 (0%)
Q14- How would you prefer to receive
information from the City regarding
the urban forest? Please select all that
apply.
Email (650)
City website (372)
Social media (@ParksandRecFC) (282)
Community events (253)
Volunteer opportunities (209)
Training or workshops (177)
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Table 19. Public survey write-in comment themes and specific examples. Percentages reflect the
proportion of comments that related to a theme out of 655 total comments. Comments could be
categorized as fitting with more than one theme.
COMMENT THEME EXAMPLES
Healthy/resilient/diverse/
beneficial urban forest;
Grow & maintain the urban
forest (15.7%)
“We can continue to have a beautiful, well managed, resilient urban
forest that will help us cool the city and combat climate change.”
“Keep maintaining the trees we have, while still advocating for more
cover.”
Species (11.5%)
against disease and infestation in this particular climate (as well as a
good guess on what our climate will be in the future).”
“Wider diversity of tree species to guard against loss of canopy trees
from pests or disease.”
More trees (10.8%) parks.”
“Protection of existing trees and encourage and support new tree
growth.”
Financial & educational
support for residents (8.4%)
to new neighborhoods where there are no trees.”
“Informing public of their responsibility to care for trees.”
“I hope to educate more people about the value of trees and be sure
that when any development happens, trees and animal habitats are
given much more consideration than seems to be the case in recent
years.”
Maintenance/ Preservation
(6.5%)
preserved, and that more trees should be planted in areas where they
are appropriate. When this becomes an issue of nuisance, private
property rights, or detriment to public use, all factors should be
considered (including value of the trees) before planting or removing
trees. I hope that Fort Collins can continue to beautify our city by
maintaining healthy trees, both public and private, and adding more
in the right places.”
“For Fort Collins to have more trees, all of the trees well taken care of
and the city be cleaner and habitants breathing fresher air and the city
looking prettier and enchanting. For trees and nature areas to be
preserved and taken care of and not destroyed and not for people to
keep destroying them for construction. Protect prairie areas of the city
too!”
Development (6.1%)
landscaping- they put trees right up next to house and windows for
curb appeal but don’t take into consideration the size at maturity- so
beautiful trees have to be removed.”
“When large trees are removed for redevelopment of a property, the
city, the developer and landowner must take responsibility for the
adequate care of young replacement trees. I see too many dying
young trees in new developments in the city.”
Private land policy (4.7%)
often complicate things and create resentment between citizens and
City departments. I'll support more carrots than sticks for tree issues.”
“I am all for increasing the canopy of Fort Collins, as long as the city is
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COMMENT THEME EXAMPLES
that increased canopy without proper maintenance, could lead to
future potential fire hazards. I'm also concerned about private
homeowners that don't maintain their trees causing that same issue.
I'd like to see the city MORE involved in declaring dead private trees
hazardous, and forcing homeowners to deal with the situation. Easier
said than done I realize however.”
City identity (4.1%) forestry and sustainability in the US.”
“The trees is Fort Collins are incredible. I moved here only 2 years ago
and they’re one of my favorite parts of the city.”
Other (3.9%)
Fort Collins covers. At least recently (last 10000 years). That said, trees
are great.”
“The city needs to be aware that due to the policy of suppressing small
natural fires along the Poudre trail and not removing fallen trees but
piling them up on the side of the trail, has created a potential for a
huge fire hazard that would likely burn entire neighborhoods that are
near by, such as Pateros Creek.”
General positive (3.7%) keeping trees and nature integrated into the city. Thank you.”
“Thanks for the forward thinking efforts from the city!”
Heat/shade (2.5%) and sidewalks to encourage walking/biking and reduce car use.”
“More shady places to walk in summer.”
Climate change (2.4%)
“Increased tree canopy throughout the city. Focus on trees that are
only the best climate-wise for the next 50+ years. This is an investment
in our community to avoid big and costly problems due to climate
change-induced heatwaves, droughts, floods, etc. We have a great
start, but we must continue to prepare.”
Emerald Ash Borer (2.1%)
the emerald ash borer invasion. I'd like to see a concerted effort to
have them all inoculated against this destructive bug.”
“That we can keep up with planting trees to replace those which need
to be removed, i.e., emerald ash borer and other pests which need to
be proactively addressed.”
Benefits/value of trees (2.1%)
quality of life.”
“Science supports the following 1) Trees reduce temperatures 2) Trees
increase mental health 3) Trees support more wildlife I hope we are
able to develop a sustainable urban forest to help with the listed
issues.”
Funding/staffing (2%) municipal arborist field with implementation of the highest quality
and knowledgeable tree care providers in the state.”
“That we continue to support and fund good care for our trees!”
Equity (2%) “More trees all around town but especially in lower income areas and
areas that are largely developed (lots of concrete i.e. Parking lots,
malls, etc.).”
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COMMENT THEME EXAMPLES
Tree planting (1.8%)
“I hope that the city can fill in any gaps that exist, by convincing
property owners to plant more trees where there are currently too few.
I also hope that the program continues indefinitely, or until there is
some other self-sustaining program.”
“Support for young/growing trees. Continued planting.”
Maintenance (1.7%) “Continued strong maintenance of trees especially larger sizes..”
Xeriscape/ water (1.5%)
landscape throughout the city to replace turf and eliminate landscape
with high water needs. Education to the general public about how to
xeriscape and what trees to plant in this area of Colorado.”
“Probably the largest threat to our current city trees is the high cost of
city water. I've seen many trees doing poorly or that have died because
residents choose not to water their trees-likely because of the high
cost of water. This will only become a larger problem as climate warms
and dries.”
Community gardens/ fruit
trees (1.5%)
harvest. This would be great on Precision and Cinquefoil instead of
more apartments.”
“More urban fruit trees for urban foraging!”
Streets/ medians (1.2%)
“More trees along larger roads and in public shopping places. More
trees between sidewalks and the road (including adding a buffer
between sidewalks and roads to make pedestrians feel safer and make
sidewalks more inviting).”
Preservation (1.1%)
higher temperatures that have become the norm during seasons
when it hasn't been hot in the past, and that there are more efforts to
save much older trees that are unhealthy, like the cottonwoods down
by the river. I also hope that there will be more effort by developers to
save as many trees as possible on lands that are slated to be razed.”
“For them to maintain the beauty of this town, and it's many trees, esp
the older and more mature ones downtown on Oak, mountain, etc.
And when clearing land to build new neighborhoods and homes,
making it more difficult to remove existing trees too.”
Sidewalks (0.9%)
area big mistake and just leads to unhealthy trees and root issues
along cement walkways, path, roadways.”
“Trees between the sidewalk and street, and trees in medians are high
priority because they are enjoyed by all citizens.”
Cycling (0.6%) room to grow but don’t present obstacles to seeing cars, bicyclers and
animals. They should be properly trimmed for these reasons, too.”
“Plant trees along bike trails.”
Solar (0.5%)
rights protected from encroaching shade from trees and from new
development encouraged by changing city policies.”
“I would love to see more trees, but the type of trees should match the
size of the property they are planted on. Fort Collins is blessed with a
sunny climate which is good for home solar projects. Since we do not
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COMMENT THEME EXAMPLES
have enough sun to justify any type of solar improvement. Fort Collins
is trying to reduce its carbon footprint, poorly placed large trees
reduce individuals ability to contribute.”
Volunteering (0.2%)
to help with our forest canopy.”
“Home owners have the right to have none to many trees on their
property. The city should not dictate what home owners do. Educating
people on the benefits of having trees which are obvious to most
people would help most. Providing saplings to plant or a volunteer
group to plant trees on people's property that want them would also
be helpful. Educating on the importance of deep watering at least
once a month even through winter is crucial. A lot people do not take
care of trees during the winter.”
Meta (0.2%)
ff
11 choices.”
“This survey is not only well conceived but so easy to use!!!”
Public Meetings
Public meetings were held on October 25 and 26, 2023, and March 2, 2024, and were
attended by more than 150 members of the public. Participants left verbal and
written comments and other feedback that expressed a variety of viewpoints about
trees in Fort Collins (figure 40). Major themes from public comment are collected
below.
Tree Benefits
● Shade, cooling, and wildlife benefits of trees were frequently mentioned.
● Several residents requested additional planting of edible fruit and nut trees.
● There is public interest and concern about water usage, indicating an
opportunity for additional education and outreach regarding trees’ role in
conserving water, drought tolerant species selection, etc.
Species Selection
● Several participants spoke and left comments in support of native tree
species.
● Many participants left opinions about the value and drawbacks of specific
kinds of trees, e.g., oaks, cottonwoods, and talked about their favorite trees.
● There were a smaller number of comments that were skeptical of native
species, for example, comments that questioned the role of native trees
within a grassland ecosystem or that stressed adaptability over nativity.
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● Several residents voiced support for more diversity in trees and shrubs that
are planted in Fort Collins.
● Participants expressed interest in resources that would help them select
appropriate tree species for specific sites, drought tolerant species, etc.
● Emerald ash borer has caused some concern about future pest and disease
resilience and the plan for replacing ash trees that are removed in the future.
Forestry Division
● There was general support for the Forestry Division.
● Some participants are satisfied with the current level of funding for Forestry,
while others wanted to see the Division grow.
● Many residents support expansion of volunteer opportunities, community
involvement, and internships in Forestry.
● Several residents expressed concerns that tree establishment activities could
be improved, e.g., watering, mulching, and increasing the survival of newly
planted trees.
Tree Canopy
● A number of participants commented that commercial properties and streets
are in greater need of additional tree planting/green space development.
● Many comments were made in support of building equitable tree canopy by
strategically investing in tree cover within disadvantaged neighborhoods
and/or in areas with low tree canopy.
Tree Policy
● A large number of comments at public meetings focused on the potential for
new policies and ordinances that would strengthen protections for trees on
private property. Comments were made both in support of, and in opposition
to, such policies.
● There were a number of questions and comments that indicated that
participants want to learn more about policy options to create an informed
opinion.
● In response to discussion and written comments about private tree policy,
there were several requests for separate, added engagement that focuses on
this topic.
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● While residents are divided about tree protection on private residential land,
there was more general support for strengthening tree protection policies
that govern large developments and commercial properties.
Resident Resources
• Homeowners would like to learn more about proper tree care.
● Cost is a difficulty many residents face when planting new trees. Tree care and
removal costs are a burden to homeowners.
● There is strong support for additional resources for private property owners
that support private tree protection, for example, financial resources,
mitigation credits, and outreach and education. Support for resources may be
in addition to, or in lieu of, mandates.
● There were a few requests about guidelines for preventing trees from
blocking solar panels.
Figure 40. An interactive board from the
October 25, 2023, public meeting.
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Partner Focus Groups
In October and November, 2023, the City of Fort Collins held a series of partner focus
group meetings with city departments/divisions and external partners to inform the
development of Fort Collins' Urban Forest Strategic Plan. In total, representatives
from more than 49 partner entities and branches of local government participated
across ten focus group meetings.
Meeting Participants
City of Fort Collins Departments &
Divisions
Cemeteries
Connexion
FC Moves
Forestry
Fort Collins 911
Gardens on Spring Creek
Golf
Light & Power
Natural Areas
Nature in the City
Neighborhood Services
Parks
Planning
Planning, Development,
Transportation
Park Planning & Development
Police Services
Recreation
Streets
Utilities
External Partners
Arthur Irrigation Company
Bartlett Tree Experts
Bath Landscape Design & Irrigation Co.
BHA Design
Blue River Forestry & Tree Care
Broadcom Inc.
Colorado State University
CSU Extension
Davey Tree
Downtown Development Authority
Downtown General Improvement
District
Fort Collins Tree Care Inc.
City of Greeley
Hartford Homes
HF2M Inc.
Housing Catalyst
Larimer and Weld Irrigation Company
Larimer County, Natural Resources
Lumen
Norris Design
Pleasant Valley and Lake Canal
Company
Poudre Fire Authority
Poudre River Public Library District
Poudre School District
Ripley Design Inc.
SavATree
South Side Ditch Company
Transfort
Wisdom Tree Care
Zak George Landscaping
This section provides a description of major themes that arose from the ten
meetings and the needs, issues, challenges, and opportunities that were identified
with each theme.
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Policies & Procedures
● Create Explanatory Resources About City Policies and Procedures.
Stakeholders requested more plain-language written explanations and
illustrations about city code to consolidate and convey information in various
formats and to provide consistency in code implementation across staffing
changes. Examples include tip sheets, best management practices manuals,
and specifications.
● Industry Standards. City policy should refer to written standards that can be
easily updated and that reflect industry best practices. Examples include
standards for boring and utility clearance. Standards should be consistent for
in-house versus contracted labor.
● Code Enforcement. Even with good tree policies on the books, both internal
and external stakeholders noted that the City often lacks the resources to
consistently monitor and enforce those policies. Examples were cited for
development—both tree protection policies during construction and
replacement of mature trees within developments.
● Irrigation Standards. Tree roots can be damaged by improper irrigation.
There is a need for improved education, outreach, permitting, and Forestry
department involvement related to good irrigation practices for trees.
● Tree Metrics and Goals. Stakeholders expressed uncertainty about what tree
metrics and goals they should use for plans and to measure progress. For
example, is the number of trees or canopy cover a more important metric?
● Tree Replacement Policy for Subdivisions. Developers would like to see an
adjustment to the time frame for which they are responsible for tree survival
after new developments are completed. Tree care becomes the responsibility
of homeowners after they move into their houses. In practice, mature trees
are often not being replaced by developers per city code unless there are HOA
funds to replace them.
City and Stakeholder Coordination
● Good Camaraderie and Culture. Both internal and external stakeholder
groups noted existing camaraderie among different City departments that
touch trees and between the City and several external partners. They noted an
intentional effort toward development of personal relationships that facilitates
communication and collaboration. Communication and partnership with
Forestry is established with many organizations and is performing well.
● City Interdepartmental Coordination. Stakeholders noted several
opportunities for improved coordination among city departments; examples
included adding more departments to sidewalk repair maps, collaborating on
a compost program that is under development, and adding Forestry to
planning teams for other City plans.
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o Stakeholders in development and construction noted a need for more
City interdepartmental coordination and communication on tree
species, planting locations, and tree protection requirements,
particularly between the departments of Zoning and Forestry.
o An informal Veg Team was established in the past two years with
representation from different departments that manage vegetation to
discuss shared management objectives and goals. It meets 2-3 times
per year. The Veg Team grew from a need for more formal policy, e.g.,
during plan review.
● Collaboration With and Among External Partners. Stakeholders named
several examples where the City could facilitate broader conversations about
urban forestry with and among external partners. Examples include:
o Facilitate a regional meeting that brings together tree care companies
and foresters to share information and respond to emerging threats.
o It was noted that the City has a good working relationship with
Colorado State University on the maintenance of trees on properties
adjacent to CSU campus. The City and CSU coordinate on maintenance
and treatment contracts for trees in shared spaces.
o There is an opportunity to expand the CSU partnership model to other
partners who steward large tracts of land or campuses. Potential
engagement topics include tree management, planning, and planting
on campus and adjacent properties and setting an example for other
businesses in Fort Collins.
o The City, Poudre Schools, and CSU all operate annual Arbor Day
celebrations that are good opportunities to reach the public. There is
some coordination on annual celebrations to set annual themes. This
may be an opportunity for further coordination.
o The Cities of Greeley and Fort Collins noted opportunities to collaborate
more, for example, to share resources and information. Greeley has a
City plant database with hydrozone as a filter criterion that could be
useful in Fort Collins.
● Consistent Messaging. Coordination with partners to provide consistent
messaging on topics such as EAB, cutting for solar, and property
management.
Public Education & Outreach
● Strong Public Support for Trees. Trees are largely viewed as assets by
community members, partner organizations, and elected officials. City council
recently declared trees to be “living infrastructure”.
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● Trees as Infrastructure. A potential drawback to strong community support
for trees is that they can be viewed as simplified or undervalued assets, which
misses the complexity of their management needs as infrastructure. For
example, residents may complain when trees are removed due to poor health.
This is an opportunity for more education and outreach.
● CSU Extension. The Extension service receives a lot of questions/feedback
about trees from residents and has started programs to address this, e.g., a
Master Gardener program that provides free tree expertise to residents.
● Xeriscaping. Stakeholders noted a need for more public education about tree
establishment and watering in a xeric environment. It is difficult to grow trees
in Fort Collins relative to other places in the U.S.
o Homeowners, HOAs, and irrigation companies could all be better
educated about proper tree watering practices.
● Public Notice. The City could improve its communication to the public about
its own activities; examples given include planned tree maintenance and
removals, if there are alternatives to mitigation planting in suboptimal
locations, planting permits, and ROW designation.
● Homeowner Rights and Responsibilities. Homeowners may not be
adequately educated about their rights and responsibilities for trees in their
yards and within the ditch easement, alleys, and street ROW.
o Home buyers within new developments may need more education
about tree benefits and care to promote survivorship of newly planted
trees. Involving them earlier in the homebuying process to teach and
gather input regarding species and location of trees that will be
planted in their yards may promote survivorship.
● Infrastructure Conflicts. Ditch easements and alleys are often sites for utility
conflicts, which arise from poor management of trees and uncertainty around
rights and responsibilities for maintenance. At the same time, utilities may
have misconceptions about how trees impact infrastructure. There is an
opportunity for better education to the public and within utilities companies.
Right Tree In The Right Place
● Species Selection. Tree species diversity can be challenging in Fort Collins
due to its high desert climate and a growing emphasis on water conservation.
Several needs for support with species selection were noted:
o Species recommendations for naturalized buffers to boost habitat and
capture stormwater. Importance of native/cottonwood forests along
rivers for wildlife and enjoyment by people.
o Ensuring minimum species diversity and adequate Forestry
involvement, particularly for new developments.
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o Balancing species requirements with design and aesthetic preferences.
Tree planting palettes are limited and shift often, which is a source of
frustration for developers and landscape designers. They would like to
see more consideration for design within new developments.
o Mitigation planting recommendations.
o Limited species in streetscapes, but parks present an opportunity to
diversify plantings. Expanded plant palettes for parks.
o Limited space downtown where planting spaces are small.
● Planting Locations. On a topic that closely relates to species
recommendations, stakeholders are looking for more guidance from the City
on proper planting locations.
o Trees along trails are hard to establish (i.e., solitary/exposed) and
maintenance is difficult, which can create conflict within departments.
o Clarification on responsible parties at different planting locations, for
example, along utility ROWs.
o In sites that cycle through site plans > tree planting > dead tree >
required replant—does failure to establish mean that the location isn’t
appropriate for a tree, or does it require a different kind of tree and/or
different management? How is the city handling sites with repeated
tree failure?
o Downtown is very well served by many organizations that include trees
in their programming and budgets. Perhaps other parts of Fort Collins
are in need of similar investment.
● Sourcing Trees. Stakeholders noted that it is becoming increasingly hard to
find new species or hardy ones due to development pressure and increased
tree planting. Local shortages require ordering from more distant wholesale
nurseries. This can affect plant hardiness and species diversity.
● Costs. Tree maintenance costs are burdensome to landowners.
Trees and Other Infrastructure
● Ditch Easements. The rules and stewardship of the land without ownership
along ditch easements were brought up in several stakeholder conversations.
Trees that are not adequately maintained pose a risk to both residential
structures and ditches. Conflicts arise because maintenance of trees within
ditch easements is the responsibility of the homeowner; however, ditch
companies are responsible for the delivery of water. The City is limited in their
authority to regulate ditch easements.
o Homeowners may not be adequately educated about their rights and
responsibilities for the ditch easement.
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o Trees are often not intentionally planted in the easement and are often
not well maintained.
o There’s conflicting information about how tree roots impact ditch
embankments—do they stabilize them or deteriorate them?
Opportunity for better education.
● Alleys. Alleys have abundant trees that are often not well managed, which
creates conflicts with utilities. The rights and responsibilities of homeowners,
the City, and utilities with regard to tree care was noted as a point of
confusion for all three groups.
● Traffic Calming. CSU and the City share a joint interest in trees as traffic-
calming measures, which can be linked to their Vision Zero programs to
eliminate traffic fatalities. Fort Collins is a leading city in the U.S. in bike use
and bike safety. CSU has examples of vegetated medians on their campus
that they think should be replicated throughout the city to make better use of
center turn lanes, promote bike safety, and reduce maintenance costs.
● Street Conflicts. A number of infrastructure conflicts with street trees were
brought up in discussion. A recurring question was whether adjacent property
owners have adequate information/resources to maintain trees in the street
ROW.
● Solar Infrastructure. There is conflicting information for homeowners who
are installing solar arrays about how much tree clearance is needed and
which species are compatible with solar.
● Bike Infrastructure. Trees can block bike racks, and low-hanging branches
are a concern over bike lanes. At the same time, low-stress bike networks are
an effort to make ROW more bikeable and reduce conflict with cars; they
could use more shade.
Threats to the Urban Forest
● Emerald Ash Borer (EAB). The City has an EAB management plan but does
not have funding to remove trees that present a hazard to the ROW, which is
the responsibility of adjacent property owners. EAB management in the ROW
requires the City to increase enforcement of city codes.
o There may be an opportunity to collaborate with contractors to offer
payment plans to ease financial barriers.
o There is a need for more EAB education/outreach to homeowners,
renters, and HOAs. Also a need for different agencies to coordinate on
EAB messaging.
● Species Selection/Diversity. Species lists should reflect the latest information
about climate change, with adequate consideration for xeriscaping and
resistance to pests/diseases.
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● Fire Safety. Is there a need for public education about the placement of
evergreen trees close to homes?
● Water Use. As the cost of water increases and the community reduces water
use, it is important to provide adequate water to support trees. Some HOAs
may be limited in the dues they can collect to support tree watering.
CITY CODE REVIEW
City code provides a regulatory framework for the protection, preservation, planting,
and care of public and private trees. Fort Collins’ Code of Ordinances (2023) and Land
Use Code (2023) were reviewed in January 2024 using a set of criteria from the 2016
Municipal Tree Census (Hauer & Peterson, 2016) and International Society of
Arboriculture Ordinance Guidelines (Swiecki & Bernhardt, 2001; table 20). Any
changes to City code after January 2024 are not reflected in this code review.
The review identifies several areas where existing code could be strengthened,
including the following recommendations:
• Reference the Tree Management Standards and Best Management Practices
manual within city code. The manual contains procedures and policies related to
arborist licensing, pruning, and other tree activities that the city has relied on
since 2010 but that are not referenced in city code. Referencing the manual and
providing instructions for updating it ensures that its use will persist across
staffing and leadership changes.
○ Update the manual to comply with current best management
practices.
• Establish an insect/disease control strategy, and/or reference external documents
such as the Emerald Ash Borer Management and Response Plan that describe
authority, procedures, and policies for pest and disease control.
• Expand tree protections:
○ Extend tree protection to prohibit damage to trees that are required to
be preserved or protected.
○ Provide credits or incentives for tree preservation.
○ Establish penalties for damage or removal of trees that are to be
preserved, protected, or saved.
○ Expand tree protections that currently only apply to development to
additional scenarios.
• Encode the existing wood waste program and Tree Fund to preserve existing
programs and resources across any future changes in leadership.
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Table 20. City code review. Matrix is adapted from Municipal Tree Care and Management in the United States (Hauer, 2014).
TOPIC ADDRESSED CHAPTER &
SECTION COMMENTS
Credentials
Requires certified arborist for paid private tree work
Requires Certified Arborist for public tree work (X) CO 27-17
This is included in the Tree
Management Standards and
BMP document. CO 27-17
allows for the City Manager to
implement written rules. A
recommended improvement
is to mention this document
Requires licensing of private tree care firms X CO 27-34–40
Defines official authority for public tree management X CO 27-17
Public Tree Management and Protection
Establishes/Authorizes City Forester to regulate public trees X CO 27-17
X CO 27-17
Establishes a community Tree Board or Commission
Defines public trees
Requires annual community tree work plans
Identifies formula for determining monetary tree value (X) LUC 3.2.1 I-7 Applies only to development
Establishes responsibility for public tree maintenance (e.g. City, adjacent
property owner) X CO 24-42, 27-
17, 27-57 is implied but not directly
Requires regular public tree maintenance X CO 27-57
Requires particular types of maintenance (e.g., pruning) X CO 27-58
(X) CO 27-17 Tree Management Standards
and BMPs
Establishes permit system for work on public trees X CO 27-33
Requires payment of fees for the removal of public trees
Establishes provisions for penalties for non-compliance X CO 27-59–62
Restricts tree removal on public property Permit required; see next line
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TOPIC ADDRESSED CHAPTER &
SECTION COMMENTS
Permit or approval required for tree removal, pruning or excavating near
public trees X CO 27-31–32
X LUC 3.2.1 G
X CO 27-19
Establishes provisions for trimming for overhead utility line clearance
Restricts burning of solid wood waste
Establishes a wood utilization program Recommended Improvement
Establishes an insect/disease control strategy Recommended Improvement
Prohibits tree topping (X) CO 27-17 Tree Management Standards
and BMPs
Regulates abatement of hazardous or nuisance trees on private property (X) CO 27-18(c)
Regulates removal of dead or diseased trees X CO 27-58
Tree Fund Recommended Improvement
Tree Planting
Regulates tree species which may or may not be planted on private
property (approved tree list) X LUC 3.2.1 D-4,
Requires tree planting around and within parking lots X
Requires replacement of removed publicly owned trees X LUC 3.2.1 D-2-d Applies only to development
Permits public tree planting - beyond the right-of-way X LUC 3.2.1 D-2-b
X D-1-c
Regulates tree species which may or may not be planted on public
property (approved tree list) X LUC 3.2.1 D-1-c,
Private Tree Protection and Preservation
Restricts tree removal on private property
Permit or approval required for tree removal on private property
Requires preservation of trees during development on private property X LUC 3.2.1 F
Prohibits damage to preserved/protected trees Recommended Improvement
Prohibits damage or removal of trees on another person's property
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TOPIC ADDRESSED CHAPTER &
SECTION COMMENTS
Inventory of trees on site required X LUC 3.2.1 F
Identification of forests/woodlands required
Specific species and/or size tree regulated (e.g. heritage/significant trees) (X) LUC 3.2.1 F Applies only to development
Location of Critical Root Zone/Dripline required X LUC 3.2.1 G-7
Minimum canopy cover requirement set
Identification of riparian buffers, natural areas, preservation zones X LUC 3.2.1 A, M
Tree protection/preservation plan required X LUC 3.2.1 C
Identification of prohibited activities in dripline/critical root zone X LUC 3.2.1 G-3
Tree protection fencing required X LUC 3.2.1 G-3
aeration, vertical mulching, trunk protection, soil protection, irrigation,) on X LUC 3.2.1 G, G-
7, J-2
Provide credits/incentives for tree preservation Recommended Improvement
(X) LUC 3.2.1 C
Requires Grading plan to include protected/preserved trees
Utility plan with trees to include protected/preserved trees X LUC 3.2.1 K
Tree planting requirements for removal of regulated trees X LUC 3.2.1 F, F-1
Fee in Lieu of planting mitigation trees X LUC 3.2.1 F
Tree mitigation survival requirements X LUC 3.2.1 I-4–6
Fine for removal of regulated trees Recommended Improvement
Penalties established for damage and removal of preserved/saved trees Recommended Improvement
Bonding to ensure required trees are planted X LUC 3.2.1 I-4
Bonding utilized to discourage tree removals
Other Ordinances of Note
Defining 'City Forester' X CO 27-16
Alley ROW maintenance X CO 27-31
Right of entry X CO 27-56
Tree spacing X LUC 3.2.1 D-1-c
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TOPIC ADDRESSED CHAPTER &
SECTION COMMENTS
Visual clearance X LUC 3.2.1 L
Requirement of ROW planting X
ROW tree spacing from infrastructure X
Minimum species diversity for development plans X LUC 3.2.1 D-3
Minimum sizes for trees planted X LUC 3.2.1 D-4–5
Buffering requirements X LUC 3.2.1 E-1
Water conservation requirements X LUC 3.2.1 E-3
Required maintenance for development landscape X LUC 3.2.1 I-5
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HERITAGE TREE PROTECTION
Heritage Trees, sometimes also called Landmark or Significant Trees, are mature
trees that receive special recognition and protection due to their ecological, cultural,
and/or historic significance. The designation of heritage tree status acknowledges
the outsized benefits that these trees provide to their communities and seeks to
protect them from damage, removal, and neglect. Typically, protections are either
reinforced through community outreach exercises including education, mapping,
and storytelling, or required by policy or ordinance.
Mature trees provide many benefits to communities, including cleaner water, cooler
and cleaner air, improved human health outcomes, increased safety, and positive
effects on business and commerce. The value of some of these benefits can be
quantified based on avoided costs—for example, trees that cool the air help nearby
residents save on energy costs. However, most of the demonstrated benefits from
trees are not currently quantifiable, and many heritage tree designations are
founded on preserving access to a diverse species or the emotional connection to
specific trees that serve as a backdrop to community events and key historic
moments.
Preservation
The Land Use Code references “significant trees” as being at least 6 inches DSH and
requires their preservation “to the extent reasonably feasible”.
Heritage Tree Programs
To develop suggestions for Fort Collins’ Forestry Division as it considers options for
increased tree preservation and protection, DRG reviewed the existing programs for
heritage or landmark trees of 24 municipalities. Cities were identified based on
internet searches for “heritage tree”, “landmark tree”, “remarkable tree”, and
“significant tree” terms along with “program” or “ordinance”; they were also
identified by other municipal partners and from references contained within
resources about heritage tree programs.
In general, existing heritage tree programs can be characterized into two basic
structures: voluntary programs, where trees are nominated for heritage status based
on ecologic, cultural, and/or historic significance; and mandatory programs, where
trees are automatically enrolled into a heritage tree program once they reach a
certain size. Several cities combine aspects of voluntary and mandatory programs.
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Examined Programs
Austin, TX
Charlotte, NC
Corvallis, OR
Fernandina Beach, FL
Fort Worth, TX
Glenview, IL
Lakewood, WA
Manitou Springs, CO
Menlo Park, CA
Nashville, TN
Palo Alto, CA
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland, OR
Sacramento, CA
Salem, OR
San Luis Obispo, CA
San Mateo, CA
Santa Cruz, CA
Seattle, WA
Sonoma, CA
Telluride, CO
Washington, DC
Westmont, IL
Whitemarsh, PA
Voluntary Heritage Tree Programs
Thirteen cities with voluntary heritage tree programs were reviewed. Voluntary
programs are those in which public and/or privately owned trees may be nominated
for recognition as heritage trees; trees are not automatically enrolled. All the
reviewed programs applied to trees on public land, and all programs allowed for
nomination of trees based on local landmark status or cultural/historical significance
in addition to, or instead of, size and species constraints.
Seven of 13 cities’ heritage tree programs restrict the removal of designated trees.
Two cities (Telluride and Seattle) have city codes with detailed restrictions governing
heritage trees once designated.
Seven programs map or describe the trees for the public; four cities share heritage
tree characteristics via an interactive map such as an ESRI StoryMap.
Summary of 13 Voluntary Programs
● Requires property owner consent (100% of programs examined)
● Nomination criteria includes social factors (cultural or historical significance,
local landmark; 100% of programs)
● Mapped locations shared with the public (62%)
● Restricts removal (54%)
● Requires certified arborist assessment before or after designation (38%)
● Heritage tree status maintained across land transfers (46%)
● Shared via an interactive web map (31%)
● Provides public maintenance funds (15%)
● Maintenance requires a permit (15%)
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Mandatory Heritage Tree Programs
Thirteen municipal ordinances were reviewed in which trees of a certain size are
automatically enrolled in a heritage tree program, thereby protecting the tree from
removal or significant damage. Seven of these cities additionally permit designation
of a heritage tree based on cultural or historic significance. None of the programs
reviewed applied to park lands only.
In one city (Sonoma, CA), the city assumes maintenance and removal responsibility
for heritage trees, regardless of location. In the other twelve cities, a permit is
required to remove a heritage tree. Most of these cities waive the permit
requirement if the tree is hazardous. Eleven cities require mitigation planting and/or
a fee-in-lieu for heritage trees that are removed.
Summary of 13 Mandatory Programs
● Prohibits removal and damage (100% of programs reviewed)
● Minimum size requirement (100% of programs). Median = 15 inches DSH
(range 8–50 inches DSH)
● Permit required for removal (92%). Permit often waived if tree is hazardous
(69%).
● Mitigation required (85%)
o Planting required: varies in number of stems, by inch, etc (85%).
Sometimes there are species requirements (62%).
o Relocation required (8%)
o Fee-in-lieu (77%): varies from $250 flat fee to value calculated from basal
area
● Species requirements for heritage tree designation (46%)
● Fee for removal (15%; separate from mitigation requirements)
● Requirements vary by land type (15%): in two cases, small residential
properties were exempted, or public/private/developed land had different
requirements
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CITY POLICY AND PLANNING FRAMEWORK
The City of Fort Collins is committed to continuously enhancing, improving, and
innovating services for its community. To achieve this, various City and County
departments collaborate in developing plans, studies, and strategies. A
comprehensive assessment of selected City of Fort Collins plans, studies, and
standards was conducted to evaluate the integration of tree preservation,
protection, and planting efforts. The purpose of the review is to identify
opportunities or gaps in these documents and provide recommendations that will
improve Fort Collins’s urban forest resource.
● Fort Collins Water Efficiency Plan (2015)
● Water Shortage Action Plan (2020)
● Fort Collins City Plan (2019)
● Fort Collins Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Management and Response Plan (2020)
● Fort Collins Parks and Recreation Master Plan (2021)
Trees Contribute to Neighborhood & Community Vitality
Trees Enhance Streetscapes. Trees beautify streets and encourage residents to spend
time outdoors. Trees along streets and sidewalks help to slow traffic and create more
comfortable conditions for walking, biking, and public transit use.
Trees Improve Public Health. Trees provide opportunities for outdoor recreation,
improve access to nature, and reduce stressors that impact vulnerable populations.
People living in neighborhoods with more canopy cover have been shown to have better
overall health, including lower rates of obesity, more social cohesion, less stress, and
lower blood pressure. Trees significantly decrease the incidence of asthma and heart
disease in a community and help residents feel more at ease. The primary mechanism
for these effects arise from the ability of tree canopy to reduce air pollution, extreme
heat, and stress. Residents are three times more likely to be physically active when they
live in areas with high levels of trees and vegetation. A 2018 study showed that residents
reporting poor mental health decreased by 63% within 18 months after vacant lots near
their homes were planted with grass and trees.
Trees Provide a Sense of Community. Trees in neighborhoods contribute to a sense of
community. In Fort Collins, oaks, pines, and cottonwoods have strong cultural
significance. Tree canopy is often cited by residents as one of the reasons they love living
here.
Sources: Swift et al., 1997; Kuo, 2003; Ellaway et al., 2005; Ewing & Dumbaugh, 2009; O’Neil-Dunn,
2012; Donovan et al., 2013; Roe et al., 2013; Gilstad-Hayden et al., 2015; Ulmer et al., 2016; South et al.,
2018.
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● Fort Collins Our Climate Future Plan (2021)
● Fort Collins Strategic Plan (2024)
● Larimer County Internal Climate Action, Resilience, And Education (ICARE)
Report (2023)
Ratings
trees not incorporated
trees incorporated but requires revision or implementation
trees fully incorporated & implemented
Fort Collins Water Efficiency Plan (2015)
Description: Presents the current state of Fort Collins’ water supply system, demand,
and management, as well as the opportunities and corresponding implementation
principles to increase efficiency.
Opportunity/Gaps: Opportunity exists to promote urban trees’ role in improving
stormwater management, explore the impacts of water restrictions on trees, and
include recommendations for ensuring trees receive adequate irrigation.
Recommendation: Publish an updated document to update community members
on the city’s water supply and current water efficiency efforts and provide efficient
tree watering recommendations.
Water Shortage Action Plan (2020)
Description: The Water Shortage Action Plan outlines emergency restrictions to
water use to manage Fort Collins’s water supply in the event of projected shortages.
The Plan includes restrictions to tree irrigation: watering trees is permitted under all
levels of water restrictions, but under higher levels, trees must be hand-watered or
drip/microspray irrigated to maximize efficiency.
Opportunity/Gaps: Tree watering best practices could promote further water
conservation and tree health.
Recommendation: Update plan to include tree watering best practices, or consider a
public outreach campaign to raise awareness of tree watering best practices in the
event of water shortage. Require irrigation for public trees.
Fort Collins City Plan (2019)
Description: Shapes decision making and funding priorities over the next 10-20 years
to implement the vision and goals gathered from community members.
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Opportunity/Gaps: Trees offer numerous “co-benefits” not included in the plan that
can serve as a crucial tool in achieving the city’s goals, including: sequestering and
storing carbon, reducing stormwater runoff, improving air quality, reducing energy
usage through strategically planting trees around buildings, increasing pedestrian,
cyclist, and driver comfort along streets, sidewalks, and bus stops by providing
shade, providing food with the development of maintained food forests/orchards in
parks and open spaces, and increasing a community’s connectivity, involvement,
safety, and attractiveness.
Recommendation: Creating and maintaining a safe, healthy and resilient urban
forest is recognized as a guiding principle in meeting one of the Plan’s core values of
Environmental Health. Implementation of the Urban Forestry Strategic Plan will
assist in meeting the goals of the City Plan.
Fort Collins Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Management and Response Plan
(2020)
Description: Reviews current EAB situation, the city’s plan, and the challenges at a
time when EAB had just been detected in the city.
Opportunity/Gaps: The implementation of the Urban Forest Strategic Plan’s
recommendations may relieve the deferred maintenance impacts and their
negative consequences anticipated in the EAB Management and Response Plan.
Recommendation: Publish an updated document to inform the community on the
current EAB distribution, the treatment’s progress, and the future management
plan.
Fort Collins Parks and Recreation Master Plan (2021)
Description: Envisions the future of parks and recreation, addressing needs and
providing a strategic roadmap for the City to shape the system over the next 20
years.
Opportunity/Gaps: The Plan identifies the promotion of planting, preservation, and
maintenance of canopy trees and native vegetation on public and private land as a
key action in implementing the city’s parks and recreation goals.
Recommendation: Coordinate the implementation of the Urban Forest Strategic
Plan to assist in meeting the goals of the Parks and Recreation Master Plan.
Fort Collins Our Climate Future Plan (2021)
Description: Defines the city's goals for climate, waste, energy, community equity
and resilience, along with their respective implementation strategies.
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Opportunity/Gaps: One of the “next moves” action items identified in the Plan is the
development of an Urban Forest Strategic Plan, and a progress metric of healthy
natural spaces to be the city’s tree replacement rate and percent canopy coverage.
Trees could also be included in the goals relating to building an equitable and
resilient community, reducing energy use, becoming carbon neutral, and increasing
healthy local food sources.
Recommendation: Implementation of the Urban Forestry Strategic Plan will assist in
meeting the goals of the Our Climate Future Plan.
Fort Collins Strategic Plan (2024)
Description: As a companion to the City Plan, the Strategic Plan outlines short- and
mid-term objectives, influences the City’s budgeting process, and guides the
implementation of the City’s services.
Opportunity/Gaps: Trees are identified as an integral piece of the High Performing
Government strategic outcome area, which precisely calls out the components
needed for a healthy urban forest. Although trees’ role in this category has broad
implications, there is an opportunity to further incorporate urban forestry into other
strategic initiatives.
Recommendation: Implementation of the Urban Forestry Strategic Plan will assist in
meeting the goals of the Our Climate Future Plan.
Larimer County Internal Climate Action, Resilience, And Education (ICARE)
Report (2023)
Description: Captures progress of County’s climate goals since the adoption of the
initial ICARE document in 2022, with intent to guide the forthcoming County
Climate and Sustainability Plan. This plan, the completion of which is anticipated in
2024, aims to address climate change and lessen impacts on community members
with innovative mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Opportunity/Gaps: There is opportunity to include the planting, maintenance, and
preservation of trees into the County’s goals.
Recommendation: Collaborate with the Larimer County Climate and Sustainability
Plan process to ensure integration and mutual reinforcement between the Urban
Forest Strategic Plan's priorities, recommendations, and actions, contributing to the
sustainable development and progress of Larimer County.
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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT & POLICY INTEGRATION: SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS
Findings from the community engagement process demonstrate that the people of
Fort Collins value trees and understand the myriad ways that trees enhance quality
of life in the city. Feedback that was gathered from the public survey and three
public meetings indicate that residents are invested in the ongoing management of
Fort Collins’s trees and the ways that the City will help ensure tree canopy
preservation and growth into the future.
Residents are particularly interested in resources that will help them be effective
stewards of tree canopy. Examples of resources that were requested include
opportunities to volunteer and intern with Forestry; education and information
about species selection, including drought tolerant, climate adapted, and native
species; opportunities to provide input into citywide forestry management, such as
shaping the diversity and species composition of the urban forest; helping to
recognize and manage pests and diseases; becoming educated about proper tree
care; and having access to financial resources to help defray costs associated with
tree maintenance.
Feedback from Forestry Division partners, both internal and external to City
government, underscored the collaborative nature of Forestry staff and the high
level of expertise and service that they provide. Suggestions from these meetings
focused on building efficiency in partnerships and increasing the number of
resources that can assist partners with their own tree management. Suggested
resources include plain-language explanations of city code and policy, improved
consistency of code enforcement, tree species recommendations, information about
tree best management practices including care and irrigation, clarification about
responsibilities, and resources that can be shared with clients and the general
public. Several suggestions also centered on better integrating urban forestry and
the Forestry Division into existing and future planning efforts that relate to climate
resilience and city priorities.
A review of existing code, policies, and plans highlighted possible areas where the
City can enhance tree protection and preservation. Protection and preservation are
important strategies for canopy growth over time, both because a majority of tree
canopy is contained on land that is not city-owned, and preservation is more
effective (and cost effective) than relying on tree planting alone. Private property
protections are a topic of particular interest to the general public, with strong
opinions on multiple sides. In general, there seems to be stronger existing support
for tree protections that affect development, large tracts of land, and large
redevelopment projects than for ordinances that would affect private residential
property. Many residents expressed a need for more information before taking a
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position. Further engagement would be needed to accurately gauge public support
for any enhanced protection measures. It is recommended that the City conduct
additional, focused engagement on the topic of tree protection ordinances,
particularly those that apply to private residential property.
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International Society of Arboriculture. Retrieved from https://wwv.isa-
arbor.com/education/onlineresources/treeordinanceguidelines
Swift, P., Painter, D., & Goldstein, M. (1997). Residential street typology and injury accident frequency.
Swift and Associates.
Tammy VerCauteren and Scott W. Gillihan. (2007). Integrating Bird Conservation into Range
Management. Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory, Brighton, CO. https://www.birdconservancy.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/06/RMBO_SARE_manual_Jun_06.pdf
Cache la Poudre River National Heritage Area. (n.d.). “The Council Tree Site - An Arapahoe Perspective.”
Strauss Cabin and Council Tree. https://strausscabinandcounciltree.weebly.com/council-tree.html
Tresner, C. (1977, February 28). Wagar, Dr. Jack and Clinton Wasser. [Typescript (photocopy) of sound
recording]. Fort Collins Public Library Oral History Project. Fort Collins Public Library, Fort Collins, CO.
Trust For Public Land. (2024). Fort Collins, CO. https://www.tpl.org/city/fort-collins-colorado
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2018. Urban nature for human health and well-being: a
research summary for communicating the health benefits of urban trees and green space. FS-1096.
Washington, DC. 24 pp.
U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.) Low-Income Community Energy Solutions.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/slsc/low-income-community-energy-solutions
U.S. Federal Government. (2022). Climate Mapping and Resilience Assessment [web tool]. Data
accessed April 24, 2024. https://resilience.climate.gov
Ulmer, J.M., Wolf, K.L., Backman, D.R., Tretheway, R.L., Blain, C.J., O'Neil-Dunne, J.P, & Frank, L.D. (2016).
Multiple Health Benefits of Urban Tree Canopy: The Mounting Evidence for a Green Prescription.
Health & Place, 42, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.08.011.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.) Using Trees and Vegetation to Reduce Heat Islands.
https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/using-trees-and-vegetation-reduce-heat-islands
USDA Forest Service. (n.d.). i-Tree [Computer software]. www.itreetools.org
USDA, NRCS. 2024. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC.
http://plants.usda.gov
Vargas, K.E., McPherson, E.G., Simpson, J.R., Peper, P.J., Gardner, S.L. & Xiao, Q. (2007). Interior West
Community Tree Guide: Benefits, Costs, and Strategic Planting. USDA Forest Service.
https://www.fs.usda.gov/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr205/psw_gtr205.pdf
Wolf, K.L. (2005). Business district streetscapes, trees, and consumer response. Journal of Forestry,
103(8), 396-400. https://nacto.org/docs/usdg/city_trees_retail_wolf.pdf
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 2
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Land Conservation & Stewardship Board
Regular Meeting | 1745 Hoffman Mill Road
May 8, 2024
Members:
Ross Cunniff, Chair Holger Kley, Member
Scott Mason, Vice Chair Elena Lopez, Member
Denise Culver, Member River Mizell, Member
Andrea Elson, Member Mark Sears, Member
Jennifer Gooden, Member
5/8/2024 – MINUTES Page 1
1. CALL TO ORDER: Meeting was called to order at 5:32 p.m.
2. ROLL CALL:
LCSB: Scott Mason, Jennifer Gooden, Andrea Elson, Elena Lopez, Denise Culver,
Holger Kley, Mark Sears, Ross Cunniff
Excused: River Mizell
NAD Staff: Katie Donahue, Aaron Reed, Julia Feder, Emily Shingler, Mary Boyts, Matt
Parker
City Staff: Kendra Boot, City Forester
Guests: Sandra Albro, Davey Resource Group
3. AGENDA REVIEW: There were no changes to the agenda.
4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION: None
5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: There were no changes to the April 2024 meeting minutes.
Member Gooden made a motion to approve the March 2024 LCSB meeting minutes.
Member Sears seconded the motion. The motion was unanimously approved 8-0.
6. ACTION ITEMS
Election of Board officers
Chair Cunniff stated he would be willing to continue serving as Chair if board members desired
it. He asked if any other members were interested in serving as Chair.
Member Kley made a motion to reappoint Ross Cunniff as Chair of the LCSB for 2024.
Member Elson seconded the motion. The motion was unanimously approved 8-0.
Vice Chair Mason stated he would be willing to continue serving as Vice Chair. Chair Cunniff
asked if there was interest from other board members.
Member Culver made a motion for Scott Mason to continue serving as Vice Chair of the
LCSB for 2024. Member Sears seconded the motion. The motion was unanimously
approved 8-0
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Land Conservation & Stewardship Board
Regular Meeting
5/8/2024 MINUTES Page 2
7. DISCUSSION ITEMS
Urban Forest Strategic Plan
Kendra Boot, City Forester began her presentation by explaining that the urban forest consists
of trees that grow in the built environment: public trees along streets and in parks, private trees
in yards and neighborhood, etc. The strategic planning effort is looking at all the trees with the
Fort Collins Growth Management Area (GMA).
Kendra led the LCSB through a high-level overview of the strategic plan starting with data of
existing canopy cover and the current tree inventory. Kendra reported that Forestry maintains
approximately 60,000 trees within the city limits. She shared a summary of the Strategic Plan
community engagement to date, noting the importance of trees to the community and the
community’s desire for more education around tree planting and maintenance. Kendra
recounted the plan’s vision and future challenges, including an equitable distribution of canopy,
changing climate and development/redevelopment, as well as the eight strategies designed to
achieve the vision. She closed her presentation with a review of the project timeline and invited
feedback from the LCSB.
DISCUSSION
Member Culver asked about the percentage of mature ash trees that might die due to
infestation of Emerald Ash Borer. Kendra Boot reported there are 7,200 ash trees in the public
inventory and that Forestry is preserving about 2,100 of those trees with chemical treatment.
She also noted the emerald ash borer management response plan is available on the Forestry
website.
Member Lopez asked for more information on development/redevelopment. Kendra stated that
the City has good policies around tree protection and that Forestry staff is working on updates to
the Land Use Code to enhance tree protection throughout the City. Staff are also exploring
other ways to incentivize applicants to keep more trees on a property.
Member Kley stated that within the development review process there is an educational
opportunity to help guide homeowners who want to keep trees as well as for developers that are
unaware of best horticulture practices. Kendra explained staff are expecting to be more involved
in the building permit process, i.e., creating a checkpoint that would trigger the sharing of a tree
protection plan with developers.
Member Gooden asked about tree survival and maintenance in the urban environment and
mentioned that Cuyahoga County, OH is experimenting with inoculating street tree plantings
with local mycorrhizal fungi. Kendra Booth stated Forestry adheres to best horticultural practices
and uses local soil for planting. She reported that soil compaction and overwatering are two
issues implicated in newly planted tree mortality on private property.
Member Gooden asked for clarification of the Natural Areas tree quality assessment. Matt
Parker explained trees in natural areas are managed differently resulting in a variety of tree
conditions including mortality. An assessment of natural areas trees completed by NAD staff
showed limited age differentiation, low tree recruitment and low prevalence of fruit bearing trees.
This information has guided restoration efforts over the past 15 years. Natural Areas does not
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Land Conservation & Stewardship Board
Regular Meeting
5/8/2024 MINUTES Page 3
remove dead trees unless they pose hazard. Kendra reported the data on natural areas trees is
limited and urban assessment criteria might not accurately capture natural area conditions.
Kendra stated Forestry differently manages urban trees along the Poudre River corridor
including public safety and wildlife habitat criteria.
Chair Cunniff stated it could be helpful for the community to know which species are less likely
to contribute to wildfire.
Jennifer Gooden asked if Kendra Boot was familiar with urban canopy carbon credits. Kendra
stated Forestry staff recently began exploring carbon credits to support additional tree planting
in the community.
Several board members joined Chair Cunniff in applauding the work of the Forestry Division and
voicing their support of the Strategic Plan.
10. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting was adjourned at 6:33 p.m.
Ross Cunniff, Chair Date
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 3
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5/15/2024 – MINUTES
Natural Resources Advisory Board
REGULAR MEETING
Wednesday, May 15, 2024 – 6:15 PM
300 Laporte and Via Zoom
1. CALL TO ORDER: 6:20 PM
2. ROLL CALL
a. Board Members Present –
• Kelly Stewart (Vice Chair)
• Teagan Loew
• Todd Simmons
• Matt Zoccali
• Sara LoTemplio
b. Board Members Absent –
• Dawson Metcalf (Chair)
• Lisa Andrews
• Kelen Dowdy
• Barry Noon
c. Staff Members Present –
• Honoré Depew, Staff Liaison
• Cortney Geary
• Dashiell Bubar-Hall
• Kendra Boot
• Christine Holtz
• Renee Colton
d. Guest(s) –
• Xavier Pereira
3. AGENDA REVIEW
Vice Chair Stewart reviewed the agenda.
4. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
Pereira (guest) asked about the energy intensity unit measurement mentioned at the
March meeting about Building Performance Standards. Depew replied he would
provide contact information for the appropriate staff member.
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increased access to EVs. He outlined the strategies and recommendations
which fall into short-, medium-, and long-term categories, and include things
such as clarifying the City policy regarding EV charging, revising the Building
Code to require EV infrastructure, and upgrading the electricity distribution
infrastructure, respectively. He further detailed the City’s vehicle fleet noting
there is a plan for Transfort to become a fully electric bus fleet over the next
15 to 20 years.
Bubar-Hall discussed the workplan for the EVRR update and stated the draft
plan will be available in August or September and will include the focus areas
of mobility, equity, environmental, utility/infrastructure, housing, and policy.
Depew asked if the EVRR will be adopted by Council and if part of the
workplan engages City leadership. Bubar-Hall replied it is not a Council
adopted plan; therefore, formal recommendations are not required. However,
staff is planning to visit with Boards and Commissions as more analysis and
recommendations come forward. He noted there is a possibility Council will
look at the plan given Council priorities.
Zoccali asked if the plan addresses the wave of vehicles that come into the
city each morning in terms of offering charging infrastructure for people
coming in from outside the community. Bubar-Hall replied providing charging
along some of the regional commuting corridors will be examined and noted
the County is also considering those types of investments. Additionally,
Bubar-Hall commented on mobility hubs that will facilitate transit and
potentially include charging infrastructure.
(**Secretary’s Note: The Board opted to postpone the travel demand
management discussion to a later date.)
b. Urban Forestry Strategic Plan (UFSP)
Kendra Boot, City Forester, will provide an overview of a draft UFSP – Rooted
in Community – to seek Board feedback and support for Plan adoption.
(Action)
Kendra Boot, City Forester, defined the urban forest as all trees within the built
environment and stated the Urban Forestry Strategic Plan (UFSP) looks at all
trees within the Fort Collins Growth Management Area. Boot stated the UFSP
will create a 20-year vision for trees in Fort Collins and she outlined the
canopy percent by block data and noted about 85% of trees in the community
are on private property. She noted the Forestry Department maintains about
60,000 trees on public property in the built environment throughout the
community.
Boot outlined the community engagement process for the Plan which included
an online survey, three public meetings, and focus groups. She noted there is
mixed public opinion around regulation of trees on private property.
Boot discussed the vision for more equitable distribution of the tree canopy
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5/15/2024 – MINUTES
and acknowledged the challenges related to insects and disease, climate
change, the relatively young public urban forest, and development and
redevelopment. Boot outlined the eight recommended strategies that fall into
two categories: foundational initiatives and transformational initiatives.
Vice Chair Stewart asked if there is a goal of tree canopy coverage that is
being sought. Boot replied staff has not set a specific goal; however, the
belief is that the canopy will increase with the Plan recommendations and
existing policies.
Loew asked if there is a focus on native species. Boot replied the context is
important when considering what species of tree to plant and there is a goal
for the urban canopy to be as diverse as possible. She noted the City no
longer plants ash trees and discussed the ash borer treatment plan for the
existing ash trees.
Vice Chair Stewart asked if the City is or has partnered with CSU to help
provide resources. Boot replied in the affirmative stating the City works with
many CSU extension employees.
Vice Chair Stewart offered general support for the Plan and stated it dovetails
nicely with the Active Modes Plan as there is research that shows pedestrian
safety and traffic calming. Boot provided slides depicting the tree canopy at
bus stops and along bike lanes throughout the city.
Vice Chair Stewart echoed support for equity as a key consideration. Boot
discussed the priority planting map which includes social variables and health
and environmental considerations.
Depew noted the Board has the option to take a formal action for a
recommendation on the Plan.
Boot further discussed the diversity of the urban canopy and the use of high
drought-tolerant species.
Depew pointed out the climate vulnerability section of the Plan.
Vice Chair Stewart shared general support and that the Board would work to
figure out how best to support staff working towards plan adoption either via
approval of meeting minutes or via a memo.
Boot outlined the timeframe for consideration of the Plan.
Zoccali expressed support for the general direction of the Plan but wanted the
time to do additional review of the plan and follow up in June meeting to get
consensus from the board.
Depew outlined the proper protocol for the Board to consider drafting a memo
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5/15/2024 – MINUTES
or conducting a vote regarding the Plan.
7. OTHER BUSINESS
• Board Member Reports
Simmons expressed disappointment that Larimer County approved the
Thornton pipeline project.
• 2024 Super Issues Meetings of Fort Collins Boards and Commissions will be held at
the Lincoln Center. The dates are as follows:
Monday, June 10 (Founder’s Room) – Topics: Tax Program, Strategic Trails
Plan, and Natural Areas Strategic Framework
Monday, September 9 (Founder’s Room)
• Six Month Calendar Review https://www.fcgov.com/cityclerk/planning-calendar.php
Legislative review
Traffic safety
Housing and urban development
Land Use Code, phase 2
Building Performance Standards
Hughes Property
Budgeting for Outcomes
Halligan
Platte River Power Authority community report
Transit initiatives
• Revisit action items from previous meetings & preview of next meeting
Thornton pipeline/1041 regulations
Poudre River Health Assessment
Board elections
Water Efficiency Plan
Council priorities
Move June meeting back a week
July – joint meeting with Air Quality Advisory Board
Budgeting for Outcomes
2050 tax revenue
Natural Areas Strategic Plan
City Websites with Updates:
• Natural Resources Advisory Board webpage: https://www.fcgov.com/cityclerk/natural-
resources.php
• Our Climate Future: https://ourcity.fcgov.com/ourclimatefuture
8. ADJOURNMENT
a.8:15 pm
Minutes approved by a vote of the Board on 06/26/2024.
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Park and Recreation Board Meeting
May 22nd, 2024
Twin Silo Park – 5552 Ziegler Rd. Fort Collins, CO
05/22/2024 – MINUTES Page 1
1. CALL TO ORDER
Nick Armstrong called the meeting to order at 5:44pm
2. ROLL CALL
• List of Board Members Present
Nick Armstrong
Meghan Willis
Josh Durand
Paul Baker
Mike Novell
John Mola
Lorena Falcon
• List of Board Members Absent
Ken Christensen
Marcia Richards
• List of Staff Members Present
Mike Calhoon – Director, Parks
LeAnn Williams – Director, Recreation
Jill Wuertz – Sr Manager, Park Planning & Development
Kendra Boot – Sr Manager, Forestry
Ernie Wintergerst – Sr Supervisor, Forestry
Kevin Williams – Sr Supervisor, Parks
Rachel Eich – Business Support III
3. AGENDA REVIEW
• Introduction of new board members (John Mola and Lorena Falcon)
4. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
• No citizen participation
5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
• Meghan Willis moved to approve the April 2024 minutes as written at 5:47pm, Josh
Durand seconded, all in favor
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 6
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Parks and Recreation Board
TYPE OF MEETING – Hybrid Meeting
05/22/2024 – MINUTES Page 2
6. UNFINISHED BUSINESS
• Urban Forest Strategic Plan Update
o Kendra Boot and Ernie Wintergerst began presentation on the high level
status of the Urban Forestry Strategic Plan update.
o Urban Forest is defined to include the trees that grow within the built
environment, parks, golf courses, cemeteries, etc; also includes private
trees
o The UFSP is looking at all trees in the growth management area to steer
the direction for the department moving forward.
o Why plan?
For strategic planning and adaptive management, we have to
understand what we have and do not have
Helps to answer the question for how we are doing
o What do we have?
City wide canopy cover is at 13.7%, with 12.6% if the GMA is
added.
• 80% of canopy cover is on private property
o Public Tree Inventory
The City Forestry team manages roughly 60,000 trees
• 60% are less than 8 inches in diameter
• Managing trees at different age classes takes different
resources
o Community Engagement
3 public meetings (October 2023 & March 2024)
8 different community events
1 community survey (971 responses)
o Themes:
Trees are an integral part of Fort Collins, infrastructure
People love trees on public property
People would like more resources for how to manage trees on their
private property
Concerns around development and trees
o The draft plan includes 8 recommended strategies
Continue to invest and grow the urban canopy
Create a planting plan (for both public and private property)
Complete the shift to proactive management of Fort Collins’ trees
Strengthen City policies to protect trees
Collect data to track changes over time
Sustainably grow the division to keep pace with need
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 6
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Parks and Recreation Board
TYPE OF MEETING – Hybrid Meeting
05/22/2024 – MINUTES Page 3
Deepen the engagement with the community around tree
stewardship
Expand the network of the Forestry Division’s partnerships
o Requesting feedback from the board by May 31st
o Questions from the Board
From the survey, people are concerned around development, is
that because people think trees are removed in development?
• Staff heard that people would like to see more regulation
around tree protection and development (50%), others
would prefer to just have education and outreach (50%)
Is there a plan to hiring more staff?
• Hiring will be part of the plan for sustainable growth
• Hiring is challenging because of the BFO (Budgeting for
Outcomes) conversation
Are there limits on staff training?
• There is a need for a feeder into workforce development
• Urban Forestry Planner would help with the bigger policy
and bigger picture ideas
How specific is the tree planting plan?
• Priority planting area is focused on canopy coverage in
block groups
o Looks at social, health, and environmental variables
Knowing that most of the canopy is residential or private, how
much opportunity does the City have to proactively influence and
help people plant the best trees?
• A lot of opportunity through development, but have not
always been able to keep up with it due to staffing capacity
Is the idea to point private property/residential owners to the
existing resources (i.e., Front Range Tree List)?
• Private property owners will be pointed to that list, as well as
specific resources on the City website (Street Tree List)
7. NEW BUSINESS
• Twin Silo Park
o Sr Supervisor, Kevin Williams, presented on the maintenance and unique
features of Twin Silo Park
o Park is staffed by two technicians, one crew chief, and one worker 1
Team also manages Radiant Park
o Features include:
Interactive play feature in the creek
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Transportation Board
Edgar Peyronnin, Chair
Alexa Nickoloff, Vice Chair
DATE: August 21, 2024
TO: Mayor Arndt and City Councilmembers
FROM: Edgar Peyronnin, Transportation Board Chair, on behalf of the Transportation Board
CC: Kelly DiMartino, City Manager
RE: Endorsement of Urban Forest Strategic Plan: Rooted in Community
Dear Mayor and City Council Members,
The Transportation Board has voted unanimously in support of the Urban Forest Strategic Plan as presented by
Kendra Boot at our meeting in June. The plan aligns with the City’s mission, vision, and values for a vibrant,
desirable community. Through partnerships it prioritizes equity in service delivery, ensuring that the most
vulnerable and underserved communities benefit from a healthy tree canopy strengthening the community.
Additionally, a diverse, well-planned urban forest will support stewardship of the City’s environment and support
its green initiatives.
The plan supports Transportation Board goals in providing a safe and inviting environment for all modes of
transportation along the network of streets and roads throughout the community. Research shows that tree-lined
streets were perceived to be safer in both urban and suburban conditions. Individual driving speeds were
significantly reduced in the suburban settings with trees. The trees provide shade and cover at Transfort stops, both
improving the experience for a rider and protecting the shelters themselves from the harsh sun and elements. They
help encourage ridership and reduce the cost to maintain this part of the city’s infrastructure. They can support
traffic engineering solutions for the community into the future.
The Transportation Board requests that City Council support and approve Rooted in Community: The Urban
Forest Strategic Plan.
Respectfully submitted,
Edgar U. Peyronnin, Transportation Board Chair
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 8
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City Clerk’s Office
300 LaPorte Avenue
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6515
970.221.6295 - fax
Boardsandcommissions@fcgov.com
MEMORANDUM
DATE: September 16, 2024
TO: Mayor and City Councilmembers
FROM: Dan Welsh, Chair of the Air Quality Advisory Board
Dawson Metcalf, Chair of the Natural Resources Advisory Board
RE: Urban Forest Strategic Plan
Dear Mayor and Councilmembers,
On August 19, 2024, and September 16, 2024, the Air Quality Advisory Board (AQAB) and the
Natural Resources Advisory Board (NRAB) came together in two joint meetings to review City
considerations that relate to the missions of both Boards. The purpose of this joint statement is to
offer AQAB and NRAB’s support of and address additional suggestions regarding the Urban
Forest Strategic Plan: Rooted in Community.
AQAB and NRAB were engaged by the City’s Forestry Division through presentations to each
Board. AQAB and NRAB both support the overall direction of the Urban Forest Strategic Plan
(UFSP) and think that successful implementation aligns with The City’s Climate Goals, as well
as Council Priorities; specifically Priority 6: Reduce climate pollution and air pollution through
best practices, emphasizing electrification.
Along with general support for the UFSP, NRAB and AQAB wish to convey the following
recommendations, to be considered as this plan is implemented:
•Use of electric vehicles and equipment when possible, minimizing use of internal
combustion engines.
•Assessment/modeling of overall climate and air quality impacts of urban forest
management; considering benefits and drawbacks of UFSP implementation.
•Emphasis of native species within the urban forest, with priority placed on species
indigenous to Colorado/U.S./North America.
NRAB and AQAB thank you for your consideration and the opportunity to engage on this
matter.
Respectfully,
Dan Welsh, Air Quality Advisory Board Chair
Dawson Metcalf, Natural Resources Advisory Board Chair
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 9
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City Clerk’s Office
300 LaPorte Avenue
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6515
970.221.6295 - fax
Boardsandcommissions@fcgov.com
MEMORANDUM
DATE: September 25, 2024
TO: Mayor and City Councilmembers
FROM: Nick Armstrong, Chair for the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board
RE: Adopting the Rooted in Community Urban Forest Strategic Plan
CC: Boards and Commissions via email
boardsandcommissions@fcgov.com
Dear City Leaders + City Council,
The Parks and Recreation Advisory Board is deeply supportive and appreciative of the work of the
Forestry Department on the Urban Forest Strategic Plan (UFSP).
From the beginning, the work of the Forestry Department, Davey Tree, and the steering committee has
been directly aligned with the goals of Our Climate Future, as well as the economic, environmental,
neighborhood and community vitality of our City.
We feel the UFSP fully addresses the stated goals of the plan recommendations:
●Communicate the social, economic, and environmental value of the urban forest
●Prioritize equity in service delivery, ensuring that the most vulnerable and underserved
communities benefit from a healthy tree canopy
●Plan for proactive tree planting and care of the urban forest
●Identify funding goals and strategies for the Fort Collins urban forest
●Identify and propose improved and enforceable public policy for the protection of community trees
●Build a culture of trust and partnership between Fort Collins residents and the institutions that
serve or interact with the urban forest
●Address rising temperatures in the built environment and adaptation needs for a changing climate
The Parks and Recreation Advisory Board formally recommends the adoption of the Urban Forest
Strategic Plan with our gratitude to the Forestry Department, City Staff and especially Kendra
Boot, the Steering Committee, Davey Tree, and City Council for their support of such a forward-
thinking resource.
With our thanks,
The Parks and Recreation Advisory Board
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 10
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Forestry Division
413 S. Bryan Avenue
PO Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522
CC: Mike Calhoon and Sylvia Tatman-Burruss
WORK SESSION MEMORANDUM
Date: December 16, 2024
To: Mayor and City Councilmembers
Through: Kelly DiMartino, City Manager
Tyler Marr, Deputy City Manager
Dean Klingner, Community Services Director
From: Kendra Boot, City Forester
Subject: December 10, 2024 Work Session Summary: Rooted in Community, Urban Forest
Strategic Plan
BOTTOM LINE
The purpose of this memo is to document the summary of discussions during the December 10
Work Session. All Councilmembers were present. After gaining feedback from Council and
making some minor adjustments, staff will plan to move the Urban Forest Strategic Plan forward
for adoption in Q1 2025.
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Staff provided a quick overview of the benefits that trees provide to the community, the state of
the urban canopy, and shared the recommended growth strategies within the draft Urban Forest
Strategic Plan. General feedback and support for the plan was provided by Council. The Urban
Forest Strategic Plan shares a vision, dataset, community perspective and strategic best-
practice policy recommendations for supporting the urban forest over the next two decades.
Changes to the Land Use Code and other tree policies will be brought to Council as separate
work streams. Tree policies within the Land Use Code are currently scheduled to have
decisions in front of Council before the end of this council term.
Other feedback included:
Adjustments requested to Transformational Initiative in Growth Strategy 3:
o Currently states, “Develop additional policy for newly acquired homeownership
who make changes to their landscapes. Educate and engage with the public
about policy scenarios to gauge public support.”
o Adjust to, “Create educational support, incentives and potential policy
improvements to support homeowners and other private property owners achieve
long-term success in preserving and planting trees.”
NEXT STEPS
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 11
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Staff will make a few updates to the plan capturing Council’s feedback and bring forward for
adoption, currently scheduled for February 4, 2025.
FOLLOW-UP ITEMS
Peer cities utilized for benchmarking:
The Davey Resource Group (consultant) benchmarked the City of Fort Collins Forestry
Division with the Municipal Tree Care and Management in the United States (Hauer and
Peterson, 2016).
The Hauer report provides benchmarks for forestry programs among U.S. cities by
region and population size and had 667 communities respond to their survey.
While no specific communities are called out in the report, Davey Resource Group
focused on population size as well as the West Region.
The use of the Hauer report was primarily used for comparing municipal urban forestry
staffing and operations, budgets, and ordinance/code comparisons.
Zoning and Forestry have been working with the Lemay and Stuart Business Park in bringing
their approved landscape plan back into compliance after the large cottonwood trees were
removed. Trees will be replaced on site during the most appropriate planting season.
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 11
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Headline Copy Goes Here
City Forester
Kendra Boot
Urban Forest
Strategic Plan
2-14-2025
Headline Copy Goes Here
1
2
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Headline Copy Goes Here
3
Timeline
31
Recognized
Trees as
Infrastructure
June 2022
Urban Forest
Strategic Plan Kickoff
June 2023
6
Focus Groups
Oct – Dec 2023
8
Work Session
March 2024
9
Board Visits
May – June 2024
5
2 Community
Meetings
October 2023
4
Community
Survey
Sept - Dec 2023
111111
Work Session
December 2024
7
Final Community Meeting
March 2024
Public Preview of Plan
10
August 2024
2
Work Session
Urban Forest Strategy
& Policy
January 2023
121212
1st Reading
February 2025
131313
PZC Work Session
& Hearing
February 2025
141414
2nd Reading
March 2025
Headline Copy Goes HereStrategic Plan and Council Priority Alignment
4
Previous Council Priorities 2021-2023
• Tree planting subsidy (GS1, GS6)
• Improve tree policies (GS3, GS5)
Current Council Priorities 2024-2026
• Improve human and social health for vulnerable populations
(GS1, GS2, GS6, GS7)
• Advance a 15-minute City igniting neighborhood centers and
accelerating shift to Active Modes (GS1, GS4, GS6)
• Reduce climate pollution and air pollution through best practices
(GS1, GS2, GS3, GS6, GS7)
Other Council Priority Alignment
• Zero waste (GS3, GS6)
• Protect community water systems in an integrated way to ensure
resilient water resources and healthy watersheds (GS1)
• Modernize and update City Charter (GS3, GS6)
Note: GS = Growth Strategy from Urban Forest Strategic Plan draft
3
4
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 303
Headline Copy Goes HereTree Canopy Cover
5
CANOPY PERCENT BY BLOCK GROUP
●Citywide: 13.7%
●City + GMA: 12.6%
Headline Copy Goes Here
6
Bike Lanes and Bus Stops
TREES SUPPORT THE SHIFT
TO ACTIVE MODES
• Bike lanes
•9.5% average tree cover
•Consistent with 2011
• Bus stops
•18.3%average tree cover
•Have lost 3.7% since 2011
5
6
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 304
Headline Copy Goes HereLand Use and Canopy Cover
7
ACROSS FORT COLLINS
• Canopy has grown in most Land Use
Types
• Residential and Mixed-use greatest
opportunity
• 8,083 acres of potential tree
canopy
• Commercial and Institutional have
lost canopy
Headline Copy Goes HereLand Use and Canopy Cover
8
ACROSS FORT COLLINS
Possible drivers for canopy loss:
• Trees aging out
• Urban environmental stressors
• Development (both new and infill)
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8
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 305
Headline Copy Goes Here
9
Priority Planting Areas
15,418 POTENTIAL NEW CANOPY
ACRES
●Classified from Very Low to Very High priority
Social: income, population density, BIPOC, renters
Health: asthma, heart disease, mental health
Environmental: urban heat and stormwater
●2,251 acres of High or Very High priority
●Can help City plant trees for outcomes
Headline Copy Goes HereWater and Trees
10
CLIMATE RESILIENCE
• Focus on young tree establishment
• Dedicated irrigation to trees
• Drought response plans
• Drought-tolerant, urban-adapted tree species
Fun Fact:
Close to 70%of public
trees are drought tolerant.
Fun Fact:
Mature tree canopy can
reduce outdoor water
consumption by up to 50%.
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10
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 306
Headline Copy Goes HereSeven Growth Strategies
11
1. Strategically invest in growing tree canopy where it will
promote resilience and quality of life in Fort Collins.
2. Complete the shift to proactive management of Fort Collins'
public trees.
3. Strengthen city policies to protect trees.
4. Collect data to track changes to tree canopy over time and to
inform forestry activities.
5. Sustainably resource the Forestry Division to keep pace with
growth of the urban forest.
6. Deepen engagement with the community about tree
stewardship.
7. Expand the network of Forestry Division partners.
Headline Copy Goes Here
12
Growth Strategy 3-Related Next Steps
STRENGTHEN CITY POLICIES TO PROTECT TREES
Foundational Initiative Examples
• Engage and adopt policies balancing other priorities.
• Draft a heritage tree program with elective enrollment.
• Reference existing good practices in city code.
Transformational Initiative Examples
• Clarify the responsibility for trees.
• Demonstrate role of trees in water smart landscapes.
• Explore and expand tree protection policies.
Exploring Tree Preservation and Mitigation tree policy…
• Working with a consultant
• Proforma analysis for various policy scenarios
• Engage with frequent code users
• Present code options to PZC
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12
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 307
Headline Copy Goes HereNext Steps
13
• Seek Council consideration for plan adoption as a
Component of City Plan
• February 4 - 1st Reading passed
• March 4 - 2nd Reading
• Seeking recommendation to Council from Planning &
Zoning Commission
• February 14 - Work Session
• February 20 - Hearing
ST0
Headline Copy Goes Here
Questions?
14
13
14
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 308
Headline Copy Goes Here
Following slides are in the Commission’s read before packet
Additional slides
Headline Copy Goes HereCommunity Engagement
16
971 Community Survey responses971 Community Survey responses
3 Community Meetings3 Community Meetings
8 Community Events8 Community Events
20 City Departments Engaged20 City Departments Engaged
29 External Partners Engaged29 External Partners Engaged
5 Different Boards5 Different Boards
2 Public Draft Previews2 Public Draft Previews
15
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ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 309
Headline Copy Goes HereTree Canopy Change 2011-2021
17
TREE CANOPY CHANGE 2011–2021
●City Limits: +753 acres (+17.3%)
●City + GMA: +936 acres (+17.2%)
Headline Copy Goes Here
18
March 2024 Council Feedback Incorporated
• More emphasis on broad benefits of trees, including bird and wildlife habitat
• p. 36 and p. 39
• More connection of how the urban forest supports the 7 City Strategic Outcome Areas (e.g.
Economic Health)
• Throughout the plan, p. 18, p. 60
• Clarify trees and water
• Drought/climate adaptation section and alignment with Water Efficiency Plan (WEP)
• Clarify and educate on private tree/property owner responsibilities
• Several plan initiatives, GS3, GS6
• LUC and tradeoffs/tensions between community/organization priorities
• GS3 and Tree Protection Policies work session in Q1/Q2 2025
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ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 310
Headline Copy Goes Here
Notes202620252023-242019
Ongoing Budget$3,202,000$3,112,000$2,196,000$2,080,000Urban Forest Management
Ongoing Budget
640 trees planted each year$228,000$222,000$197,000($75,000)Tree Infrastructure
Replacements
Moved to Ongoing in 2025-2026 at $300K---$200,000Increased Contractual Pruning
Moved to Ongoing in 2025-2026--$273,000$50,000Emerald Ash Borer
Moved to Ongoing in 2025-2026--$500,000-Forestry Continuing
Enhancements
Seeking Council Adoption on October 15--$230,000-(One-time)
Climate 2050 tax
Additional 360 trees planted each year
*Equipment purchase
$314,000$569,000*--
1.0 FTE Urban Forestry
Planner, .5 Hourly, and Tree
Infrastructure Replacement
Unfunded$723,234$629,085--3.0 FTE and Equipment
(Unfunded)
ALL funded or proposed to be funded offers
(*Includes one-time funding for strategic plan)$3,744,000$3,902,000$3,166,000*$2,255,000Total
19
Forestry Budget Offers
19
ITEM 4, ATTACHMENT 12
Packet Pg. 311