HomeMy WebLinkAbout01/09/2025 - AFFORDABLE HOUSING BOARD - AGENDA - Regular MeetingAFFORDABLE HOUSING BOARD
REGULAR MEETING
January 09, 2025 – 4:00-6:00 PM
215 N. Mason, second floor and online via Microsoft Teams
1. CALL TO ORDER
a. (TIME STARTED)
2. ROLL CALL
3. AGENDA REVIEW
4. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
a. December 5 Meeting
6. UNFINISHED BUSINESS
a. Board Liaison Assignments, Board members (15 minutes)
• Planning and Zoning Commission
• Board of Realtors
• Economic Advisory Board
• Transportation Board
• Human Relations Commission
• Disability Advisory Board
Participation for this Affordable Housing Board Meeting will be in person at 215 N. Mason,
second floor.
You may also join online via Teams using this link: AHB Teams Meeting
Meeting ID: 273 629 013 506
Passcode: sJKVjM
Online Public Participation:
The meeting will be available to join beginning at 3:45 pm, January 09, 2025. Participants
should try to sign in prior to the 4:00 pm meeting start time, if possible. For public comments, the
Chair will ask participants to click the “Raise Hand” button to indicate you would like to speak at
that time. Staff will moderate the Zoom session to ensure all participants have an opportunity to
address the Board or Commission.
To participate:
• Use a laptop, computer, or internet-enabled smartphone. (Using earphones with a
microphone will greatly improve your audio).
• You need to have access to the internet.
• Keep yourself on muted status.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING BOARD
REGULAR MEETING
January 09, 2025 – 4:00-6:00 PM
• Senior Advisory Board
• Human Services and Housing Funding Board
• Urban Renewal Authority
• Associated Students of Colorado State University
• Board Action: Assignment
7. (LIST OF OLD BUSINESS NOT COMPLETED AT PREVIOUS MEETING)
a. Item 1
b. Item 2
AFFORDABLE HOUSING BOARD
REGULAR MEETING
January 09, 2025 – 4:00-6:00 PM
8. NEW BUSINESS
a. Board Officer Nominations, Board (15 minutes)
• Board Action: Discussion
b. Presentation on new Community Capital Improvement Program – Ginny
Sawyer, City Manager’s Office (45 minutes)
• Board Action: Discussion
9. (LIST OF TOPICS BEING ADDRESSED AT MEETING)
a. Item 1
b. Item 2
10. BOARD MEMBER REPORTS
a. Meeting Logistics – Hybrid Meetings
• Discuss meeting locations for 2025
b. Liaison Reports (10 minutes)
11. BOARD PRIORITY COMMITTEE REPORTS (45 minutes)
a. Knowledge Repository – Bob and John
b. Outreach, Education and Partnerships – Claire and Josh
• Discuss field visits for a few meetings
c. Council and Local Legislative Support – Stefanie and John
• Update one page introduction to the work of the AHB – John
• Discuss 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report - Stefanie
d. Equity & Justice in Affordable Housing – Jorja and Liz
• Board Action: Discussion
12. OTHER BUSINESS
a. City Council 6-month planning calendar review (5 minutes)
b. Council Comments – Who, what? (5 minutes)
c. Review 2025 Work Plan (5 minutes)
d. Update on Affordable Housing Projects (5 minutes)
e. Future AHB Meetings Agenda (5 minutes)
13. (BOARD MEMBER CONCERNS, ANNOUNCEMENTS)
a. Item 1
b. Item 2
14. ADJOURNMENT
a. (TIME ENDED)
Social Sustainability
222 Laporte Avenue
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.221.6753
MEMORANDUM
TO: Members of the Affordable Housing Board
FM: Sue Beck-Ferkiss, Social Policy and Housing Programs Manager
RE: Hybrid Board Meeting
The next Affordable Housing Board meeting will be held:
Thursday, January 9, 2024
In person at 215 N. Mason, second floor or Online via Microsoft Teams at 4:00
BOARD MEMBERS: If you cannot attend the meeting, please contact Sue Beck -
Ferkiss either by email (sbeckferkiss@fcgov.com) or by phone (221-6753).
BUSINESS
1. Approval of Minutes: Copies of the draft minutes of the December Regular meeting
is attached for the Board’s approval. Approval of minutes requires a formal motion
and vote by the Board.
2. Hybrid meetings: 2025 meetings will be hybrid. January meeting moved to January
9, 2025.
PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION:
1. BOARD OFFICER NOMINATIONS, BOARD DISCUSSION (15 MINUTES)
The Affordable Housing Board elects a Chair and Vice Chair annually. Optimally this
occurs no later than the February meeting in any given year.
• Board Action: Discussion & possible vote
2. PRIORITY COMMITTEE REPORTS, JOHN AND COMMITTEE LEADS (30
MINUTES)
The Board has authorized work through committees as follows:
• Knowledge Repository;
• Outreach, Education and Partnerships
o Do we want to Promote Article re: Involuntary Sweeps of Homeless
Encampments on AHB Tile?
o Do we want to update the AHB Key Priority Flyer – 2024 version attached.
o Discussion of 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report
2
• Council and Local Legislative Support; and
• Equity and Justice in Affordable Housing.
3. BOARD LIAISON ASSIGNMENTS, BOARD (15 MINUTES)
For 2025, the Board has identified and agreed to follow the following Boards and Commissions.
• Board Action: Board members are asked to choose one or more to attend meetings or read
meeting minutes for:
1.Planning and Zoning Commission
2.Board of Realtors
3.Economic Advisory Board
4.Transportation Board
5.Human Relations Commission
6.Disability Advisory Board
7.Senior Advisory Board
8.Human Services and Housing Funding Board
9.Urban Renewal Authority
10.Associated Students of Colorado State University
4. NEW COMMUNITY CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (CCIP), GINNY
SAWYER, CITY MANAGER’S OFFICE (45 MINUTES)
Upon sunset in 2025 of the current CCIP, the City is considering asking voters for a new tax to
support capital needs in the City. The previous CCIP set aside $4 million over 10 years for
affordable housing. Ginny will discuss the plan to increase this amount in the new tax proposal
and programing ideas for that potential funding.
• Board Action: FYI & Discussion
5. BOARD MEMBER IDEAS – SPACE FOR NEW ITEMS (5 MINUTES)
BOARD BUSINESS:
• Meeting Logistics – January meeting moving to January 9
▪ Discuss Meeting locations for 2025
• Member terms update –
o Each board member’s term is decided by City Council when they
appointed you. They are of different lengths to stagger board
membership. Still, all board members can serve up to 8 years upon
application and reappointment by City Council.
3
o All regular terms expire in June. Here are the current term expiration
dates:
▪ Stefanie June 30, 2027
▪ John June 30, 2025
▪ Bob June 30, 2026
▪ Josh June 30, 2026
▪ Claire June 30, 2028
▪ Liz June 30, 2026
▪ Jorja June 30, 2026
▪ Kristin - Ex Officio Role starting January 2024
• Contact with Council Liaison –
o CM Potyondy is our City Council liaison and would like to be invited to
specific meetings and will attend if available.
• Project Certification – n/a
• Ideas for future meetings: Housing Agency panel of providers – one for rental
housing and one for home ownership; Land Bank deep dive (Sue); Incentives
deep dive; Data Gaps Analysis – What do we have and what do we want
(Tyler); Water Issues in Colorado (Mayor Arndt); Eviction and Foreclosure
Prevention (Kelly Evans); Murphy Center update and plans for the future
(Homeward Alliance); Grant Opportunities; How to Support Mobile Home Park
conversions; How to keep locals in housing; and Volunteer needs for housing
providers.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Draft Minutes of the December meeting
2. FYI – Housing Dashboard can be found at:
https://www.fcgpv.com/housing/dashboard
3. FYI - City Council 6 Month Planning Calendar
4. FYI - https://news.cuanschutz.edu/news-stories/involuntary-sweeps-of-homeless-
encampments-do-not-improve-public-safety-study-finds
5. AHB Key Priority 2024 Flyer
6. FYI - Response from Mayor Arndt re: AHB Memo on Camping
7. FYI Memo from Rupa Venkatesh on Civic Assembly Process
8. FYI Memo from Kim Meyer on Summary of Anticipated 2025 Code Updates
including state-mandated amendments
9. Example Boards & Commission Tee Shirt
10. FYI – Final Memo re: Criminalizing Homelessness - City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
11. FYI- 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report
AFFORDABLE HOUSING BOARD
REGULAR MEETING
Thursday, December 05, 2024 – 4:00-6:00 PM
222 Laporte Ave, Colorado River Room
1. CALL TO ORDER: 4:09 PM
2. ROLL CALL
a. Board Members Present
• John Singleton, Chair
• Josh Beard
• Stefanie Berganini
• Jorja Whyte
• Liz Young-Winne
• Kristin Fritz, Ex Officio
b. Board Members Absent
• Bob Pawlikowski, Vice Chair
• Claire Bouchard
c. Staff Members Present
• Sue Beck-Ferkiss, Staff Liaison
• Jessi Kauffmann, Minutes
d. Guest(s)
• Lisa Cunningham
• Marilyn Heller
• Nina Clark
3. AGENDA REVIEW – No changes.
4. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION – Marilyn shared that her Affordable Housing Team is
hosting a program on April 28 called “Supportive Housing.” Update on First Christian
Church in Loveland’s potential homeless shelter – Homeward Alliance Backed out.
5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Stefanie Berganini motioned to approve the November 7 Regular Meeting
Minutes. Jorja Whyte seconded. Approved 5-0.
6. UNFINISHED BUSINESS
a. Discuss Camping Memo, Board (15 minutes)
• Stefanie Berganini shared that the focus is looking at language and
the legislation around criminalization of camping, and protection of
unhoused persons
• Overarching goal of the memo is that the city may need to have
regulations on camping, but encourages the city to adopt a type of
response that does not place financial or legal ramifications on
camping
• Suggested language cleanup, simplification of the memo overall, and
focus on car camping
• John Singleton shared the importance of car camping with persons
that are going in and out of being unhoused
• Board member shared that it may be more productive to share what
city council can do vs what not to do, example of taking out
financial/criminal ramifications – Committee members shared that
keeping the language vague supports Police Department shaping the
language and is already informal policy. Stefanie shared the clearer
language of the board requesting that the informal policy be
formalized
• Emphasis was placed on the distinction between camping or sleeping
outside itself and other activities that can coincide with camping but
are separate, like illegal activities, disruption, etc.
• Question asked about other codes that exist with examples that are
similar to the goal – Nina Clark shared that there is conversation
around including resources or other examples
Stefanie Berganini motioned to approve to send the Camping Memo to City Council
by the chair with the following updates: 1. Additional language to make the link
between formalizing the city’s existing non-enforcement policy more explicit, 2.
Language to make a clear distinction between criminalizing sleeping vs mechanisms
for dealing with problematic behavior, 3. Additional language to add examples where
possible of specific changes or ideas. Jorja Whyte seconded. Approved 6-0.
b. 2025 Work Plan, Board (30 Minutes)
• The board briefly went over last month’s agreement to confirm the
Work Plan was the most up to date version with added notes
• John Singleton mentioned the idea of a board retreat being various
options. Sue responded that retreats can be flexible in execution,
sharing the example of a listening session, a walking tour of
affordable housing, or others
• John Singleton suggested each board member select a board or
commission to attend/shadow or just read the minutes if unable to
attend, and bring back notes to the next monthly board meeting – the
goal is to formalize each person’s selection in January, Sue will add
this to the January meeting agenda
Liz Young Winne motioned to approve and formalize the 2025 Work Plan as written.
Stefanie seconded. Approved 6-0.
7. NEW BUSINESS
a. Presentation on the Zoning Atlas Project, Jorja (30 minutes)
• Spent 3 months talking to community members, non-profits,
developers, other governmental organizations and asked what they
thought this project would be most useful for.
• Digitizes, demystifies and democratizes information about the
country’s local zoning codes.
• 81% of jurisdictions in CO are zoned, rest are set to be completed in
March 2025
• Jorja Whyte shared the QR code function that leads to an interactive
map, which also includes county and city snapshots
• Audience includes developers, community members, government
officials
• This tool is a more accessible way to understand zoning and land-use
for community members
• Question asked about the plan to keep this updated. The team at
Cornell does not have a process to continually and consistently
update this, though working on an AI model to read codes and update
automatically – problem for Fort Collins is the majority use of imagery
and less written coding
• Question asked how often the zoning changes, and Jorja shared that
it is dependent on municipalities. Fort Collins is more consistent than
others
• City and County land-use can be at odds with one another
• Jorja Whyte emphasized the importance of Youth Engagement,
Coalition Building, and Language Justice
• Board agreed that parts of this project could be implemented into
AHB priorities
b. Board Priority Committee Reports: Committee Leads and/or supporters (45
minutes)
• Knowledge Repository – Bob and John
• John Singleton shared that the ideal goal would be to have
two tiles on the AHB webpage – Atlas as well as Best
Practices - linking research/resources
• Checking that the Housing Dashboard is linked on the
webpage
• Assign responsibility to a point-person on checking the tile to
ensure it is up to date
• Outreach, Education and Partnerships – Claire and Josh
• Claire and Josh have discussed the creation of a list of high
priority boards to shadow, dates to attend, as well as less
important/relevant to housing
• Josh shared the idea of board fieldtrips, meetings offsite,
self-tours
• Council and Local Legislative Support – Stefanie and John
• Camping memo was discussed at today’s meeting
• Equity & Justice in Affordable Housing – Jorja and Liz
• Jorja and Liz are meeting tomorrow 12/6
• Partnerships with cultural resource centers across Fort
Collins, CSU and Front Range – sessions on education on
affordable housing realities in the community
• What opportunities do we have to reserve rooms and host
community outreach? Sue explained that a city employee is
required to attend
• ASCSU/Housing Caucus Updates
• Prospect Plaza Update: letter delivered to CSU
Strata – received an email back explaining that the
condition of the buildings is reason for
redevelopment. They just informed tenants this
week of inability to renew leases and the residents
have to decide quickly on moving out to another
building or terminating leases early. CSU Strata is
going to sell to CSU to be exempt to zoning – CSU
is going to then sell it back once developed
• Renters Right bill is moving forward at the state level in the
next legislative session with a narrower focus
8. BOARD MEMBER REPORTS
• a. Meeting Logistics - The Board will continue to have hybrid meetings for
the remainder of 2024.
• January 2 moved to January 9
• Discuss Meeting locations for 2025
• b. Liaison Reports (10 minutes)
• $400K was made available for Utility Fee Offsets to: 100K
Habitat’s Harmony Cottages, 100K Heartside Hill Apartments,
100K Village on Impala
• Council liaison will meet with board leadership in January and will
be ongoing
9. STAFF REPORTS
a. Liaison Report (10 minutes)
• $400K was made available for Utility Fee Offsets to: 100K Habitat’s
Harmony Cottages, 100K Heartside Hill Apartments, 100K Village on Impala
• Council liaison will meet with board leadership in January and will be
ongoing
10. OTHER BUSINESS – None.
11. ADJOURNMENT
a. Meeting adjourned at 6:09 PM.
Minutes approved by the Chair and a vote of the Board/Commission on XX/XX/XX
Signature:
X/XX/XX– MINUTES Page 1
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
December 24,
2024 Work Session
Staff
/Community
Office experience to the community and increase the City’s effectiveness by
simplifying processes and delivering modern technologies.
Services Conservation Project Areas land portfolio to improve habitat conditions across the community
Discussion
Building Performance Standards
advance the City's greenhouse gas, energy and waste goals; reduce air
CITY COUNCIL AGENDA PLANNING - PUBLIC 6-MONTH CALENDAR
Agenda items containing action on current Council priorities as adopted by
Resolution 2024 through 2024-24 are shaded light orange
: This document is posted every Monday and Thursday. Changes
made between postings will not be reflected until the next posting.
Janurary 7, 2025
Council Meeting
Work Session
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 1
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
Community
Services Discussion programming more inclusive to reflect the diversity of our community.
Reading River and regional watersheds while delivering a resilient, economically
responsible and high-quality water supply for all Fort Collins residents.
type, choice and affordability to address inequities in housing so that
Multi-unit development.type, choice and affordability to address inequities in housing so that
everyone has healthy, stable housing they can afford.
acquisition ridership by ensuring the City’s transit services provide safe, reliable and
Services Discussion
Office Discussion diverse community through meaningful engagement and by providing
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
January 21, 2025
Council Meeting
Work Session
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 2
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
Motion Minutes Approval
Sustainability Ordinance-1st Updates to code language for Disposable Bag Ordinance and the Plastics Pollution Reduction Environmental Health ENV 1 – Implement the Our Climate Future Plan to
Internal &
Employee
Services
with the Fraternal Order of Police experience by attracting, developing and retaining diverse talent and
fostering a culture of employee safety, belonging and empowerment
ridership by ensuring the City’s transit services provide safe, reliable and
Alley strategy for all new and existing City assets that addresses deferred
Services strategy for all new and existing City assets that addresses deferred
/Community
Services manage assets and replace equipment that will revitalize parks and
recreational facilities, as the planned buildout of the parks and trails
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
Council Meeting
February 11, 2025
Work Session
Council Meeting
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 3
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
PDT Services Ord-1st Rdg International Fire Code Amendments Safe Community
City Clerk's
Office experience to the community and increase the City’s effectiveness by
simplifying processes and delivering modern technologies.
February 25, 2025
Work Session
Council Meeting
Council Meeting
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 4
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
Financial
Services experience to the community and increase the City’s effectiveness by
simplifying processes and delivering modern technologies.
/Community
ADU Discussion
Services Discussion
Impact of Impact Fees on Affordable Housing
type, choice and affordability to address inequities in housing so that
Services Discussion type, choice and affordability to address inequities in housing so that
advance the City's greenhouse gas, energy and waste goals; reduce air
Services Discussion highlights, and discussion systemic barriers and advance equity so that persons of all identities,
including race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity,
gender expression, age, mental and physical abilities, and socioeconomic
levels can access programs and services with ease and experience
March 25, 2025
Work Session
Council Meeting
Session
Council Meeting
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 5
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
Ordinance-1st
Reading
Resolution
Work Session
Discussion
PFA Annual Report
PDT Services Work Session
Discussion
Transfort Optimization Study
Future of Sounds in Fort Collins
April 29, 2025 Fifth Tuesday
May 6, 2025
Council Meeting
Work Session
Council Meeting
Work Session
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 6
THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES ALL ITEMS PLANNED FOR COUNCIL MEETINGS AND WORK SESSIONS.
Date Service
Area
Type Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
June 24, 2025
Work Session
Council Meeting
June 10, 2025
Work Session
Council Meeting
1/2/2025 6-Month Planning Page 7
Date Agenda Item Strategic Outcome
No Date Appropriation: DOLA Grant for Construction of the Southeast Community
Center
Culture & Recreation
No Date Approving a Permanent Stormwater Outfall Easement with Willox
Development Partners on Magpie Meander Natural Area and Soft Gold quality water supply.
11/4/2025
11/4/2025
11/4/2025
11/4/2025
11/4/2025
adopted 2025-26 Biennial Budget and associated revisions to the 2026
9/16/2025
unanticipated revenue, grants and unforeseen costs that had not
7/15/2025 Deadline
10/21/2025
Date Item Strategic Outcome
REGULAR MEETING ITEMS
UNSCHEDULED/UPCOMING ITEMS
WORK SESSION ITEMS
2024 KEY STRATEGIES
Engaging the Community Our mission is to engage and
educate the community on status,
constraints, and best practices in
support of housing affordability.
- JOHN SINGLETON (2024 CHAIR)
Get Involved Learning ResourcesCome to a Meeting
Build board institutional
knowledge available to the
public.
1) Identify and develop
partnership opportunities for
communication and
outreach
2) Identify and develop
opportunities to bring
community visibility to AHB’s
work
Identify and develop
advocacy plan for
important and
controversial
housing issues.
OBJECTIVE
Board onboarding supplement
Quicker community outreach on information
A “cheat sheet” Housing Resource Guide
Invite Equity Officer to an AHB meeting
Develop a plan for Council communications
When to invite Council Liaison to AHB meetings
Develop a database of organizations to target, including
which AHB priorities relate to the organization.
Develop and outline a Council recommendation on deed
restrictions
Develop and outline a Council recommendation on ADUs
Develop and outline a Council recommendation on U+2
Update AHB page on City Clerk’s website
KEY RESULTS
The Affordable Housing Board advises the City Council
on matters pertaining to affordable housing issues of
concern to the City.
Knowledge
Repository
KEY
PRIORITIES
Define AHB’s
perspective and
goals regarding DEI
AHB has connected with marginalized community members to
engage, learn, and teach
AHB members have identified and can speak to AHB’s values
and goals within DEI
AHB has identified steps to make the AHB environment
more inclusive
Partnerships:
Outreach and
Education
Council and
Legislation
Support
DEI in
Affordable
Housing
Increase community’s attendance to monthly AHB meetings
by 200%
Establish communication strategy
The community is more educated on the purpose and
mission of AHB
Mayor
City Hall
Fort Collins, CO 80522
970.416.2154
970.224.6107 - fax
fcgov.com
December 12, 2024
Affordable Housing Board
c/o Sue Beck-Ferkiss, Staff Liaison
PO Box 580
Fort Collins, CO 80522
Dear Chair Singleton and Board Members:
On behalf of City Council, thank you for providing us with the memorandum dated December 6,
2024 regarding the Board’s support for the elimination of parking minimums as an effort to
improve affordable housing inventory in the city. It’s likewise helpful to know that you’ve talked
with architects and developers of affordable housing who also support the elimination of parking
minimums.
Thank you for the expertise and perspectives that you bring to the Board and share with City
Council.
Best Regards,
Jeni Arndt
Mayor
sek
cc: City Council Members
Kelly DiMartino, City Manager
December 6th,2024
From:Affordable Housing Board Chair John Singleton
To:City Council
Re:Elimination of Parking Minimums
The Affordable Housing Board (AHB)advises City Council on matters pertaining to affordable
housing issues of concern to the City.As such,we advise that Council seriously consider
eliminating required parking minimums as part of the city’s development process.We believe
that doing so will have many positive ramifications on affordable housing inventor y in our city.
In particular,we support the elimination of required parking minimums in development projects
because:
Developers undertake thorough analysis to determine their project’s parking needs.
Eliminating parking minimums doesn’t eliminate all parking -it simply allows developers
the freedom to right-size parking for their projects.We’ve heard directly from architects
and developers of affordable housing who support the elimination of parking minimums,
and we trust their expertise in this area.
Increased housing inventory is key to affordability,and many parking lots across the city
aren’t used to their full capacity.Allowing developers to right-size parking with no forced
minimum means more of the land in a development project could be available to be used
for housing.This provides opportunities for an increased number of units at affordable
housing projects,as well as an increase in the city’s overall housing inventory.
Increased housing inventory,especially when developed along transit corridors and/or in
conjunction with a robust transit master plan,helps create the walkable 15-minute city
that City Council established as a priority this year.
Thank you for your consideration.
Respectfully,
John Singleton,Chair
On behalf of the Affordable Housing Board
City Manager’s Office
300 Laporte Avenue
PO Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522
970-221-6684
rvenkatesh@fcgov.com
CC: William Bevil, Sylvia Tatman-Burruss
MEMORANDUM
Date: December 12, 2024
To: Mayor and City Councilmembers
Through: Kelly DiMartino, City Manager
From: Rupa Venkatesh, Assistant City Manager
Ginny Sawyer, Senior Policy Manager
Subject: Update on Civic Assembly Process
BOTTOM LINE
One of the identified 2024-2026 Council priorities is to develop a Hughes Site Master Plan by
engaging in an inclusive process to determine desired future uses on the site. In addition,
another priority is to make government more accessible, approachable and fun by providing
opportunities to connect with local government and community in meaningful ways. Therefore,
staff recommended the utilization of a civic assembly process as one engagement tool in
developing the site plan.
On August 20, 2024, Ordinance No. 106 was passed by Council on second reading to
appropriate $150,000 to Healthy Democracy (HD), a nonprofit organization specialized in
implementing civic assemblies across the country.
The purpose of this memo is to provide Council with a brief update of the work underway and
touch points with Council.
GENERAL PROJECT TIMELINE
HD will be subcontracting with both American Public Trust (APT) who will provide internal
project management and fundraising and the Colorado State University Center for Public
Deliberation (CPD) whose role will be discussed further below.
Docusign Envelope ID: 3752249C-B6A1-4130-966B-C34D6299BADC
APT is hoping to match Council’s allocation of $150,000 in order to expand the time the
Assembly has to deliberate, increase stipends, expand the Community Guide work and other
equity considerations. The below timeline assumes a baseline of $150,000 and will be updated
should APT be successful in its fundraising goals.
Fundraising
Process design
Process design
Communities of interest engagement planning
OurCity website project page created
process design
Training of Community Guides
HD to host informational sessions with engaged parties and
the public
Drafting of invitation letters
Community Guide-led engagement and deliberation
Information Committee recruitment
Assembly onboarding
Community Guide-led engagement and deliberation
Information Committee convenes (one 3-hour meeting)
First weekend of the Assembly
Docusign Envelope ID: 3752249C-B6A1-4130-966B-C34D6299BADC
Community Guides with CPD
Since 2017, CPD has worked with the City and community partners to develop and implement
Community Guides. The program was designed to create meaningful and inclusive
opportunities for local residents to co-create public policy and develop their shared civic
capacity. Community members first apply to be a Community Guide, either as a representative
of a local non-profit, cultural, business, or community organization or as an emerging leader
representing historically excluded communities. Next, they take part in a workshop led by the
CPD where they develop their skills for hosting and facilitating community conversations. After
that training, Guides conduct conversations in their affinity communities, during which they
collect data about the distinct needs and desires of their trusted communities.
Currently, CPD has the budget for 10 community guides for this project. An application will be
open from December 16- January 22, available on the CPD and City websites. City staff will
also send the information to already engaged parties as the first of many outreach efforts. The
information that the Community Guides gather will be shared with the Assembly. Their work will
also be an opportunity to engage with underrepresented communities, such as the Native
American community. Although they may have very small representation on the Assembly itself,
this allows them a voice in the process and connection to the Assembly.
Information Committee
The Information Committee (IC) is another project element unique to this engagement process.
It ensures that the Assembly members have access to accurate, balanced, and comprehensive
information on the issues they are deliberating upon. The IC’s role is to decide on what
information the Assembly receives and select the initial presenters to the Assembly. The time
commitment for this Committee is a one three-hour meeting in March. The recommendation for
the makeup of the IC is as follow:
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4 members in total with one member each from the Natural Resources Advisory Board,
Land Conservation and Stewardship Board, Youth Advisory Board and the Parks and
Recreation Board. Each of these boards would decide amongst themselves who would
represent them.
4 Community Guides selected by CPD
4 at-large community members selected by the Community Guides
Process Design Alignment
One of the key elements that makes a civic assembly unique is the lottery selection process that
ensures that the makeup of the Assembly is representative of the community. Below is staff’s
recommendation and we would welcome feedback if Council would like to do something
differently.
Assembly member population pool
o Exclusively Fort Collins residents (it could also encompass a wider geographic
scope)
o Qualified residents are at least 16 years old, regardless of citizenship status
o Cannot be a current elected official or City staff member or board or commissions
member
Proposed demographic categories include:
o Age
o Location of Residence (based on Council Districts)
o Educational Attainment
o Housing Status
o Income (or we can stratify this based on median home price in zip code)
Finally, the question for the Assembly to deliberate is as follows:
Informed by the diverse needs of our community, what uses of the Hughes site will contribute
most effectively to Fort Collins’ long-term vitality and meet the requirements outlined in the
2021 ballot measure?
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In conjunction with the civic assembly, the broader public will be engaged through the traditional
avenues with specific opportunities yet to be planned.
NEXT STEPS
Throughout this process, staff will keep Council updated on key touchpoints with the community
as well as opportunities for Council engagement. Staff will provide another update and
opportunity to engage on the design elements during the January 28, 2025 Work Session and
Healthy Democracy will also be available to answer questions.
If Council has any feedback, in particular regarding the Information Committee makeup and the
demographic categories, please let Rupa or I know by January 10 so that any outstanding
questions can be addressed during the January 28 Work Session prior to invitations being
drafted and mailed.
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City of Fort Collins
Boards & Commissions T-Shirt Concept
2 print areas
I n f o r m
Yo u r Lo c a l
G ov e r n m e n t
December 21st,2024
From:Affordable Housing Board (AHB)Chair John Singleton
To:City Council
Re:Criminalizing Homelessness -City of Grants Pass v.Johnson
The Affordable Housing Board (AHB)advises City Council on matters pertaining to affordable
housing issues of concern to the City.As such,and especially in light of the Supreme Court’s
recent City of Grants Pass v.Johnson decision,we advise that Council seriously consider
updates to the City’s regulations pertaining to camping,which ser ve to criminalize unsheltered
homelessness.
Though Fort Collins Police Ser vices does not currently arrest individuals or families for
camping,we advocate that this policy and the rights of our homeless neighbors be codified and
protected in the long term.The City’s existing camping ordinances are out of date,
discriminator y,and in need of revision,as the current language is so subjective as to make equal
enforcement impossible.
In particular,the Board recommends that Council:
●Update Section §17-181 of the municipal code which deems camping on public property
in the City of Fort Collins “unlawful.”We urge the City to remove any language that
results in criminalization or financial punishments for the act of public camping.The City
should adopt an approach to protecting public health and safety relating to public
camping that does not result in carceral or financial ramifications.The City’s current
public health and safety policies exist separately and can be enforced when necessar y;
however,we strongly believe that simply sleeping and existing in public space should not
result in punitive measures.Criminalizing or fining individuals for meeting their basic
sur vival needs only ser ves to exacerbate challenges to obtaining stable housing,which is
in direct conflict with the City’s 10-year plan to make homelessness rare,short-lived and
non-recurring.
●Truncate Section §17-182a of the municipal code to read “It is unlawful for any person
to camp or to knowingly permit any person to camp,as defined in §17-181,on private
property within the City,except on the premises of a residential dwelling with the
permission of the property owner.”,with no further qualifications.
●Section §17-182b deems sleeping in motor vehicles to be “unlawful.”We propose that
the city proactively work to institutionalize a safe and legal means for people to sleep in
their cars.Car camping offers a relatively safe form of shelter and stability that also frees
up bed capacity in an already insufficient overnight shelter system.The Colorado Safe
Parking Initiative,for example,is looking to par tner with local governments toward
achieving this goal.CSU has also recently formalized a program to provide safe overnight
car camping for university staff and students.Options for safe overnight vehicle-based
shelter are clearly much-needed in our community,yet unavailable.We encourage the
City to take proactive steps in institutionalizing,funding,and/or expanding such
programs to help fill the gap and meet this need for the entirety of the Fort Collins
community.The Affordable Housing Board’s outreach sub-committee would like to
make themselves available for partnership with the city in identifying potential
community partners for such initiatives.
Thank you for your consideration.
Respectfully,
John Singleton,Chair
On behalf of the Affordable Housing Board
The 2024 Annual Homelessness
Assessment Report (AHAR)
to Congress
PART 1: POINT-IN-TIME ESTIMATES OF HOMELESSNESS
DECEMBER 2024
The U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development
OFFICE OF PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
COMMU~ITY A~D
ACKNO WLE DG E MENTS
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Tanya de Sousa and Meghan Henry, Abt Global
Principal Investigator:
Jill Khadduri, Abt Global
Data Collection Managers:
Tanya de Sousa and Giuliana Sciuto, Abt Global
Data Collectors and Reviewers:
Alyssa Andrichik, Samantha Bolden, Antonio Calbo-Jackson, Jill Cusick, RJ de la Cruz, Tanya de Sousa,
Meghan Henry, Makiyah Holder, Charlene Kwan, Victoria Lopez, Andrew McFadden, Sonya Phillips,
Hannah Pico, Ed Prestera, Katherine Rush, Giuliana Sciuto, Erica Sewell, Meghan Shea, Melissa Stevenson,
and Shantae White, Abt Global
Programmers/Analysts:
Meghan Shea and Pearl Zheng, Abt Global and Jon-Paul Oliva, GIS and Data Quality Consultant
Contributors and Reviewers:
William Snow, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Robyn Andrews, Senior Program Manager, CSH; HUD Persons with Lived Experience and Expertise Team
Emma Beers, Homebase, HUD Persons with Lived Experience and Expertise Team
John Harrison, HUD Persons with Lived Experience and Expertise Team
Rashema Melson, CEO and Founder, Pain Into PURPOSE; Lead of HUD Persons with Lived Experience
and Expertise Team
Dr. Rajni Shankar-Brown, MA, M-MA, MBA, PhD, Past Board President and Racial Equity and Education
Chair of the National Coalition for the Homeless; Co-Lead of U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) Equity Team; Member of the HUD People with Lived/Living Experience and Expertise
Team; Professor and Chair of Social Justice Education at Stetson University
Donald Whitehead, Executive Director, National Coalition for the Homeless
Dana Woolfolk, HUD Persons with Lived Experiences and Expertise Team
Rhie Azzam Morris, Founder, Rhie Azzam Morris, LLC; HUD Persons with Lived Experiences and
Expertise Team
Additional people with lived experience and expertise of homelessness that remain unnamed also reviewed
this report.
Design and Production:
David Dupree, Abt Global
CO NTE NTS
Page | iii
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. ii
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... iii
Key Findings ............................................................................................................................ v
Definition of Terms ................................................................................................................ viii
About this Report ..................................................................................................................... xi
1. Estimates of All People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States .............. 1
1.1 National Estimates of Homelessness in the United States ...................................... 1
1.2 State-Level Estimates of People Experiencing Homelessness ................................ 8
1.3 Estimates of All People Experiencing Homelessness by CoC ............................... 11
2. Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness ............................................. 14
2.1 National Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness ............................. 14
2.2 State-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness ........................ 20
2.3 CoC-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness ......................... 23
3. Estimates of Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness in the
United States .......................................................................................................................... 25
3.1 National Estimates of Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness in
the United States .................................................................................................. 25
3.2 Estimates of Homelessness by State .................................................................... 32
3.3 Estimates of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness by
CoC ...................................................................................................................... 35
4. Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness ......................... 37
4.1 National Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness .......... 37
4.2 State-Level Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness ..... 43
4.3 CoC-Level Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness ...... 46
5. Estimates of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness in the United States .............. 48
5.1 National Estimates of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness in the United
States ................................................................................................................... 48
5.2 Estimates of the Number of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by State ........ 54
5.3 Estimates of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by CoC ................................. 57
6. Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness ........... 59
6.1 National Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness ...................................................................................................... 59
6.2 State-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness ...................................................................................................... 62
6.3 CoC-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness ...................................................................................................... 65
7. National Inventory of Beds for People Currently Experiencing Homelessness
and People Transitioning Out of Homelessness .................................................................. 67
7.1 Types of Programs in the National Inventory ........................................................ 67
CO NTE NTS
Page | iv
7.2 Beds by CoC Category, 2024 ............................................................................... 74
Appendix A: State-Level Data ................................................................................................ 76
Appendix B: Additional Data on People Experiencing Homelessness in 2024 .................. 80
Changes to the 2024 PIT Demographic Reporting Options. .......................................... 80
B-1: Additional Data on All People Experiencing Homelessness ................................... 82
B-2: Additional Data on Individuals Experiencing Homelessness................................... 86
B-3: Additional Data on People in Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness ...................................................................................................... 90
B-4: Additional Data on Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness................ 94
B-5: Additional Data on Veterans Experiencing Homelessness ..................................... 98
B-6: Additional Data on Individuals with Chronic Patterns of Homelessness ............... 102
KE Y FI NDI NGS
Page | v
Key Findings
The number of people experiencing homelessness on a single night in 2024 was the highest ever
recorded. A total of 771,480 people – or about 23 of every 10,000 people in the United States –
experienced homelessness in an emergency shelter, safe haven, transitional housing program, or in
unsheltered locations across the country. Several factors likely contributed to this historically high
number. Our worsening national affordable housing crisis, rising inflation, stagnating wages among
middle- and lower-income households, and the persisting effects of systemic racism have stretched
homelessness services systems to their limits. Additional public health crises, natural disasters that
displaced people from their homes, rising numbers of people immigrating to the U.S., and the end to
homelessness prevention programs put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the end of the
expanded child tax credit, have exacerbated this already stressed system.
Nearly all populations reached record levels. Homelessness among people in families with children,
individuals, individuals with chronic patterns of homelessness, people staying in unsheltered locations,
people staying in sheltered locations, and unaccompanied youth all reached the highest recorded numbers
in 2024.
People in families with children had the largest single year increase in homelessness. Between 2023
and 2024, 39 percent more people in families with children experienced homelessness. Overall, the
number of people experiencing homelessness increased by 18 percent.
Nearly 150,000 children experienced homelessness on a single night in 2024, reflecting a 33 percent
increase (or 32,618 more children) over 2023. Between 2023 and 2024, children (under the age of 18)
were the age group that experienced the largest increase in homelessness.
Veterans were the only population to report continued declines in homelessness. Between 2023 and
2024, the number of veterans experiencing homelessness declined by eight percent, or 2,692 fewer
veterans. The number of veterans experiencing homelessness has declined by 55 percent since data
collection about veteran homelessness began in 2009. The declines in sheltered and unsheltered
experiences of homelessness were similar, (56% and 54%). These declines are the result of targeted and
sustained funding to reduce veteran homelessness.
About one in every five people experiencing homelessness on a single night in 2024 was age 55 or
older. More than 104,000 people experiencing homelessness were aged 55 to 64, and just over 42,150
people were over age 64. Nearly half of adults aged 55 or older (46%) were experiencing unsheltered
homelessness in places not meant for human habitation.
People who identify as Black, African American, or African continue to be overrepresented among
the population experiencing homelessness. People who identify as Black made up just 12 percent of the
total U.S. population and 21 percent of the U.S. population living in poverty but were 32 percent of all
people experiencing homelessness. However, the share of people experiencing homelessness who
identify as Black (of any ethnicity) decreased from 37 percent of all people experiencing
homelessness in 2023.1
1 This change could partially be due to changes in the way race and ethnicity was reported this year and the inclusion of
additional reporting categories. However, in recent years, many Communities of Care (CoCs) have engaged in additional
technical assistance to correct for bias in the allocation of housing and prevention resources. This decline could also reflect
the effects of those and other local efforts to more fairly distribute resources.
KE Y FI NDI NGS
Page | vi
One in every three individuals experiencing homelessness reported having experienced chronic
patterns of homelessness, or 152,585 people. This is the highest number of individuals experiencing
chronic patterns of homelessness counted in the PIT. Individuals experiencing chronic patterns of
homelessness have increased by 27 percent since data was first collected in 2007. Sixty-five percent of all
individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness, or more than 99,500 people, were counted in
unsheltered locations. This is also the highest number recorded since data collection began.
Exhibit A-1: Change in the Number of People Experiencing Homelessness
2023-2024 2007-2024
The national inventory of beds for people currently experiencing homelessness increased by 13
percent between 2023 and 2024. This increase was driven by increases in emergency shelter beds, which
increased by 18 percent between 2023 and 2024 and have doubled since 2007. Transitional housing,
meanwhile, has steadily decreased over time – declining by 4 percent between 2023 and 2024 and by 60
percent since 2007. However, this reduction since 2007 does not necessarily mean that transitional
housing beds were completely removed from the national inventory. Often transitional housing programs
realize they function more like emergency shelter and convert their project type to align better with the
way they actually function. In other cases, transitional housing programs converted to permanent housing
projects, including transition-in-place and rapid rehousing.
Nearly 60 percent of the national inventory of beds is for people formerly experiencing
homelessness. Rapid rehousing (RRH), permanent supportive housing (PSH), and other permanent
housing (OPH) programs make up 57 percent of all beds reported in the housing inventory count (HIC)—
people in these programs are not counted as experiencing homelessness in the PIT count data. Between
2023 and 2024 total inventory for these programs increased by 3 percent, with the largest increase among
OPH programs (14,735 more beds). This reflects significant investments into OPH through the
Emergency Housing Voucher program. PSH makes up the largest share of all inventory for people
formerly experiencing homelessness (at 58%). While nationally the supply of PSH beds has more than
doubled since 2007, there are still areas where the need for permanent housing has outpaced the supply.
KE Y FI NDI NGS
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Exhibit A-2: Share of Inventory that is Dedicated to Emergency Housing (ES/TH/SH) vs. Permanent
Housing (RRH/PSH/OPH), 2007-2024
KEY: Permanent Housing (PH) = Rapid Rehousing, Permanent Supportive Housing, and Other Permanent Housing; Emergency
Housing (EH) = Emergency Shelter (ES), Save Haven (SH), and Transitional Housing (TH).
DE FI NI TI ON O F TERMS
Page | viii
Definition of Terms
Please note: Key terms are used for AHAR reporting purposes and accurately reflect the data used in this
report. Definitions of these terms may differ in some ways from the definitions found in the Homeless
Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act and in HUD regulations.
Adults refers to people age 18 or older.
Children refers to people under the age of 18.
Continuums of Care (CoC) are local planning bodies responsible for coordinating the full range of
homelessness services in a geographic area, which may cover a city, county, metropolitan area, or an
entire state.
Disability refers to an individual with one or more of the following conditions: (A) A physical, mental, or
emotional impairment, including an impairment caused by alcohol or drug abuse, post-traumatic stress
disorder, or brain injury that: (1) Is expected to be long-continuing or of indefinite duration; (2)
Substantially impedes the individual's ability to live independently; and (3) Could be improved by the
provision of more suitable housing conditions; (B) A developmental disability, as defined in section 102
of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15002); or (C)
The disease of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or any condition arising from the etiologic
agency (infectious agent) for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Emergency Shelter (ES) is a facility with the primary purpose of providing temporary shelter for people
experiencing homelessness.
Experiencing Homelessness describes a person who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime
residence.
Eviction moratorium refers to the federal (or state or local) ban on evicting certain tenants from a
residential rental property because of non-payment of rent.
Families Experiencing Chronic Homelessness refers to people in families with children in which the
head of household has a disability and has either been continuously experienced homelessness for one
year or more or has experienced at least four episodes of homelessness in the last three years where the
combined length of time experiencing homelessness on those occasions is at least 12 months.
Family Households refers to households made up of at least one adult age 18 or older and one child age
under 18 that were experiencing homelessness together on the night of the point-in-time count.
HMIS stands for homelessness management information system. CoCs use an HMIS to collect data on
people who are experiencing sheltered homelessness in their area, including information about their
characteristics and service-use patterns over time.
Housing Inventory Count (HIC) is produced by each CoC and provides an annual inventory of beds
that provide assistance to people in the CoC who are experiencing homelessness or transitioning out of
their experience of homelessness.
Individual refers to a person who is not part of a family with children during an experience of
homelessness (i.e., the person is not experiencing homelessness in a household with at least one adult and
at least one child under age 18). Individuals may be single adults, unaccompanied children, or in multiple-
adult or multiple-child households.
DE FI NI TI ON O F TERMS
Page | ix
Individual Experiencing Chronic Homelessness refers to an individual with a disability who has been
continuously experiencing homelessness for one year or more or has experienced at least four episodes of
homelessness in the last three years where the combined length of time experiencing homelessness on
those occasions is at least 12 months.
Multiple Races or Multi-Racial refers to people who self-identify as more than one race (i.e., a person
who selects more than one race category from a “select all that apply” option).
Other Permanent Housing is housing with or without services that is specifically for people who
formerly experienced homelessness but does not require people to have a disability.
Parenting Children are people under age 18 who are the parents of one or more children (under age 18)
who are present with or sleeping in the same place as the child and without anyone over the age of 18.
Parenting Child Household is a household with at least one parenting child and the child or children for
whom the parenting child is the parent.
Parenting Youth are people under age 25 who are the parents or legal guardians of one or more children
(under age 18) who are present with or sleeping in the same place as that youth parent, where there is no
person over age 24 in the household.
Parenting Youth Household is a household with at least one parenting youth and the child or children
for whom the parenting youth is the parent or legal guardian.
People in Families with Children are people who are experiencing homelessness as part of a household
that has at least one adult (age 18 or older) and one child (under age 18).
Point-in-Time (PIT) Counts are unduplicated one-night estimates of both sheltered and unsheltered
people experiencing homelessness. The one-night counts are conducted by CoCs nationwide and occur
during the last week in January of each year.2
Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) is a housing model designed to provide housing assistance
(project- and tenant-based) and supportive services on a long-term basis to people who were experiencing
homelessness when they entered the program and are now considered to have formerly experienced
homelessness. HUD’s Continuum of Care program, authorized by the McKinney-Vento Act, funds PSH
and requires that the client have a disability for eligibility.
Rapid Re-Housing (RRH) is a housing model designed to provide temporary housing assistance to
people experiencing homelessness, moving them quickly out of their experience of homelessness and into
permanent housing in which they may be able to remain after the assistance ends.
Safe Havens (SH) are projects that provide private or semi-private temporary shelter and services to
people experiencing severe mental illness and are limited to serving no more than 25 people within a
facility.
Sheltered Homelessness refers to people who are staying in emergency shelters, transitional housing
programs, or safe havens.
2 While CoCs are only required to conduct an unsheltered and sheltered PIT count biennially per 24 CFR 578.7(c)(2), most CoCs
conduct a PIT count annually.
DE FI NI TI ON O F TERMS
Page | x
Transitional Housing Programs (TH) provide people experiencing homelessness a place to stay
combined with supportive services for up to 24 months.
Unaccompanied Youth/Children (under 18) are people in households with only children under the age
of 18 who are not part of a family with children or accompanied by their parent or guardian during their
experience of homelessness.
Unaccompanied Youth (18-24) are young adults in households without children who are not part of a
family with children or accompanied by their parent or guardian during their episode of homelessness.
Unsheltered Homelessness refers to people whose primary nighttime location is a public or private place
not designated for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for people (for example a car,
public park, abandoned building, bus or train station, airport, or camping ground).
Veteran refers to any person who served on active duty in the armed forces of the United States. This
includes Reserves and National Guard members who were called up to active duty.
ABO UT THI S RE PORT
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About this Report
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) releases the Annual Homelessness
Assessment Report to Congress (AHAR) in two parts. Part 1 provides Point-in-Time (PIT) estimates,
offering a snapshot of experiences of homelessness—both sheltered and unsheltered—on a single night.
The PIT counts also provide an estimate of the number of people experiencing homelessness within
particular populations such as veterans and individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness. To
be included in the PIT count, a person needs to meet the definition of experiencing homelessness used by
HUD—which differs from the definition used by other agencies. HUD defines experiences of
homelessness as lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, meaning:
• An individual or family with a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not
designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings such as a
car, public park, abandoned building, bus or train station, airport, or camping ground; or
• An individual or family living in a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designated to
provide temporary living arrangements (including congregate shelters, transitional housing, and
hotels and motels paid for by charitable organizations or by federal, State, or local government
programs for low-income individuals).3
People staying in the following locations on the night of the PIT count are not included in the sheltered or
unsheltered PIT count:
• People living in housing provided by permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs, including
people using HUD Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH) vouchers.
• People living in other permanent housing (OPH), including housing supported by the Veteran
Affairs Grant and Per Diem Transition in Place (TIP) program and people living in housing
supported by the Emergency Housing Voucher program and not considered PSH.
• People living in permanent housing supported by rental assistance from a rapid re-housing (RRH)
program.
• People in any housing not listed on the housing inventory count (HIC) because the housing is not
dedicated for people experiencing homelessness.
• People temporarily staying with family or friends—sometimes referred to as being “doubled-up”
or “couch surfing”—even if their stay may be unstable.
The one-night PIT counts are typically conducted each year during the last 10 days of January. In 2024,
just four CoCs conducted counts in February instead of the last 10 days of January.
To understand our nation’s capacity to serve people who are currently or formerly experiencing
homelessness, this report also has a chapter focusing on the inventory of shelters and housing for people
currently experiencing homelessness or transitioning out of their experience of homelessness. Counts of
emergency shelters, transitional housing programs, safe havens, rapid rehousing programs, permanent
supportive housing programs, and other permanent housing are based on reports by CoCs in the Housing
Inventory Count (HIC).
3 For the PIT Count, CoCs must count all individuals or families who meet the criteria in paragraphs (1)(i) and (1)(ii) of the
homeless definition in 24 CFR 578.3.
ABO UT THI S RE PORT
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In 2024, the PIT estimates of people experiencing homelessness in sheltered and unsheltered locations, as
well as the number of beds available to serve them, were reported by 385 Continuums of Care (CoC)
nationwide. These 385 CoCs covered virtually the entire United States.4
To better understand how experiences of homelessness differ by geography, the AHAR study team
categorizes CoCs into four groups 5:
1) Major city CoCs
2) Other largely urban CoCs
3) Largely suburban CoCs
4) Largely rural CoCs
A CoC with a plurality of its population living in rural areas (i.e., more people living in rural areas than in
any other defined area) is classified as a “largely rural CoC.” That does not mean, however, that all
people experiencing homelessness in the largely rural CoC were counted in rural areas. CoCs span large
territories (even an entire state in some cases) and may comprise a mixture of urban, suburban, and rural
areas. Because PIT estimates are reported for an entire CoC, each person experiencing homelessness in
the CoC cannot be classified as staying in an urban, suburban, or rural area. Rather, all people
experiencing homelessness in the CoC are classified as staying in a CoC that is largely urban, suburban,
or rural.
HUD has technical standards for conducting the PIT counts, and CoCs use a variety of approved methods
to produce the counts. The guide for PIT methodologies (i.e., approved approaches for conducting the PIT
count) can be found here: https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/4036/point-in-time-count-
methodology-guide. While standards exist, each CoC makes choices among the approved methods, so
there is no universal method used to collect PIT count data. This results in variations in how CoCs
conduct their PIT counts, often reflecting the size and type of the CoC. For example, some CoCs conduct
a full census, attempting to capture data on all people experiencing homelessness. Others, often those with
large geographic areas, use a sampling approach to count a smaller group of people experiencing
homelessness and use that sample to estimate the number and characteristics for the entire population of
people experiencing homelessness within their community.
HUD also sets several standards for what types of situations qualify as experiences of unsheltered
homelessness. All situations that qualify as experiences of unsheltered homelessness are considered
places not meant for human habitation. However, the level of connection to services and resources varies.
For example, an experience of unsheltered homelessness can be a situation where a person is sleeping in a
public space with no covering or connection to resources. It can also be in an encampment that has water
4 The CoCs that did not participate in the 2024 PIT count were American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands.
5 First, CoCs representing the 50 most populous cities in the United States, based on U.S. Census data, were assigned to the major
city CoC category. Next, the study team used geographic data published in the 2021 U.S. Department of Education’s
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data to determine the urbanicity of the remaining CoCs. NCES defines 12
geographic locales, which were collapsed into three distinct categories: urban (mapping to the three NCES “City” locales),
suburban (mapping to the three NCES “Suburban” locales, as well as the “Town – Fringe” locale), and rural (mapping to the
three NCES “Rural” locales, as well as the “Town – Distant” and “Town – Remote” locales). Using the percentage of each
CoC’s total population living in urban, suburban, and rural areas, based on the NCES geographic data, CoCs were classified
into categories according to their largest percentage among the three. The study team used population counts from the
Census Bureau’s 2020 block-level data. Census blocks are the smallest geographic unit for which the Census reports
population counts, and they are the ideal unit for this CoC analysis. Block-level population data are only available in the
decennial census reports.
ABO UT THI S RE PORT
Page | xiii
or bathroom facilities and is visited by outreach workers who provide connections to supportive services.
Experiences of unsheltered homelessness also include people sleeping in cars, trucks, and recreational
vehicles when it appears to the people conducting the PIT count that the purpose is not recreational but
instead exists because the occupants do not have another place to sleep. Some communities have
established “safe parking” programs that have services similar to those found in shelters. They are also
considered unsheltered locations.
When collecting demographic data on people experiencing homelessness, the people conducting the PIT
count use pre-established categories to collect data on race, ethnicity, and gender. These data are collected
from previously administered intake surveys (e.g., for people experiencing sheltered homelessness) or
from surveys administered for purposes of the PIT count (e.g., for people experiencing unsheltered
homelessness). The demographic categories used in the 2024 PIT count are based on current reporting
standards, which are defined in the fiscal year 2024 Homeless Management Information System (HMIS)
Data Standards. Those race, ethnicity, and gender response categories were updated for the 2022 PIT
count and changed again for the 2024 PIT count to better reflect the ways in which people identify
themselves. HUD consulted with advocates, providers, researchers, and people with lived experience of
homelessness to arrive at the updated gender and race/ethnicity categories. HUD also took guidance from
the White House’s Recommendations on the Best Practices for the Collection of Sexual Orientation and
Gender Identity Data on Federal Statistical Surveys the National Academic of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine March 2022 report Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation.
Beginning in 2023, communities were asked to collect additional information on the ages of people
experiencing homelessness. Instead of a single category representing all people over the age of 24, five
additional categories were used to provide more detail on the ages of people experiencing homelessness.
These categories were 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65 or older. As 2023 was the first year these data
were reported, comparisons to prior years for the new age categories are not available.
For the AHAR reporting, if a CoC does not conduct an unsheltered count for the reporting year, their
prior year’s unsheltered data is carried forward to avoid misleading changes in the data. In 2023, 22 CoCs
conducted a sheltered-only count, and the 2022 unsheltered count data was carried forward for these
CoCs.6
In 2024, 22 CoCs conducted a sheltered-only count and the 2023 unsheltered count data was carried
forward for these CoCs. 7
6 To be able to report the age distribution of people over age 24 for these CoCs, the age category breakouts were estimated. To do
this estimation, the total number of people aged 24 and older from the reported 2022 unsheltered data was extrapolated
(estimated) using the age distribution of comparable CoCs’ unsheltered populations in 2023. For example, if 20 percent of
people in the 2023 count of unsheltered people over 24 in the comparison CoC(s) fell into the 25-34 age category, 20
percent of the 2022 unsheltered population over age 24 was used to estimate the 25-34 unsheltered population for the CoC.
For the 15 California CoCs that did a sheltered-only count, the combined age distribution of all other California CoCs that
conducted an unsheltered count in 2023 was used. For other CoCs that did not complete an unsheltered count in 2023, the
remainder of CoCs in the same state and geographic category or CoCs from the same geographic category and a similar state
were used to impute (estimate) the age distributions. The 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2023
included 15 CoCs from California, two CoCs from Georgia, one CoC from Illinois, two CoCs from Michigan, one CoC
from Puerto Rico, and one CoC from Washington.
7 To be able to report the race and ethnicity distribution for these CoCs, the combined race and ethnicity category breakouts were
estimated. To do this estimation, we distributed the total reported population in each race category from the reported 2023
unsheltered data by each race and Hispanic/Latina/e/o category in 2024 using the race and Hispanic/Latina/e/o distribution
of each CoCs’ sheltered populations in 2024. For example, if 20 percent of the total American Indian, Alaska Native, or
Indigenous people in the 2024 count of sheltered persons in families in the given CoC were reported as American Indian,
Alaska Native, or Indigenous and Hispanic/Latina/e/o, 20 percent of the 2023 unsheltered population of American Indian,
ABO UT THI S RE PORT
Page | xiv
The HIC and PIT count are based on data from January 2024. By the time of the 2023 and 2024 HIC and
PIT counts, most shelters had resumed operating at full capacity—that is, they no longer practiced the
social distancing that had reduced their bed capacity by up to 50 percent in 2021 and 2022—nearly all
COVID-era protections such as city, county, or state level eviction moratoriums, had ended; and many
communities reported an increased ability to conduct unsheltered counts. However, the COVID-19
pandemic had lasting impacts on levels of experiences of homelessness and characteristics of people
experiencing homelessness. Some one-time investments made during the pandemic were coming to an
end. Few communities were still spending down the remains of COVID-era funding to support additional
shelter and rapid rehousing programming. Most of these funds were exhausted by the time of the 2024
count (see Section 7 for more information). Significant investments in prevention assistance, including
through the Emergency Rental Assistance Program that provided rental assistance payments to prevent
evictions and entries into homelessness, were also running down. However, some communities were able
to expand the amount of other permanent housing (OPH) available in their communities through the use
of Emergency Housing Vouchers which provide funding to support OPH for people at-risk of or currently
experiencing homelessness or who have a high risk of housing instability. Furthermore, by 2024, the
effects of high inflation rates over the past few years, the ending of the expanded child tax credit,
alongside with the continued lack of affordable housing across most of the country continued to have a
significant impact on rates of homelessness.
In 2024, many of the CoCs that reported the largest increases in sheltered homelessness, reported that
they experienced an increase from people who were displaced from natural disasters or due to
immigration. For example, in Hawaii, over 5,000 people were in disaster emergency shelter due to the
Maui Fire. Another 13 CoCs indicated an increase due to an increase in immigrants or refugees seeking
asylum.
In an effort to meaningfully include people with lived experiences and expertise (PLEE) with
homelessness as a part of the AHAR process, HUD invited technical assistance (TA) providers with lived
experiences to provide a review of the AHAR chapters. This review continued a collaboration between
HUD and PLEE that began with the 2020 AHAR Part 2 report. The AHAR is an important source of data
used to inform policies, programmatic decisions, and funding. HUD will continue collaboration with
PLEE in development of the report as it will strengthen and improve the usefulness of the AHAR. The
contents of this report do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the PLEE.
Alaska Native, or Indigenous persons in families was used to estimate the American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o unsheltered persons in families population for the CoC. We assumed the remainder of the reported
2023 unsheltered population of American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous persons in families were non-
Hispanic/Latina/e/o. The 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2024 included seven CoCs from California,
five CoCs from Oregon, two CoCs from Arkansas, two CoCs from Maryland, and one CoC each from Alabama, Colorado,
Florida, New Jersey, Texas, and the Virgin Islands.
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1. Estimates of All People Experiencing
Homelessness in the United States
1.1 National Estimates of Homelessness in the United States
The estimates presented in this section reflect national data collected on the number of people
experiencing homelessness during a single point-in-time (PIT) count that occurred during the last 10 days
in January 2024. The PIT count offers a snapshot of the number of people experiencing sheltered and
unsheltered homelessness on a single night. Sheltered homelessness includes people who were staying in
emergency shelters (ES), transitional housing (TH) programs, or safe havens (SH) on the night of the
count. It does not include people living in housing supported by rapid rehousing (RRH) programs, people
in permanent supportive housing (PSH), or people in other permanent housing programs (OPH). (For
more information on these programs, see Section 7).
The PIT count also includes the number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness. The
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidance defines unsheltered homelessness as
sleeping in places not meant for human habitation such as sidewalks, abandoned buildings, bus stations,
and vehicles parked for long periods. Because of the difficulty of locating people in some of these
situations and differences in local capacity to conduct the unsheltered count, the actual number of people
experiencing unsheltered homelessness could be larger than reported.
The United States announced an end to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) public health emergency in May
2023, and the 2024 national PIT counts reflect a returning to post-pandemic shelter use. Many shelters
that had reduced shelter capacity through de-concentration (social distancing) efforts had gone back to
full capacity by the time of the 2024 count. The strengthening of safety net programs, income protections,
and eviction moratoria (bans) in-place during the pandemic, which helped to prevent some people from
entering into homelessness, had also expired. For all these reasons, comparisons to the pandemic years
should be made with caution.
All People Experiencing Homelessness
adequate nighttime residence. It includes people staying in emergency shelters, safe havens, and
transitional housing programs. It also includes people who were experiencing unsheltered
homelessness in places not meant for human habitation such as on the streets, in abandoned
buildings, bus stations, or in their cars.
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Exhibit 1-1: PIT Estimates of People Experiencing Homelessness by Sheltered Status, 2007-2024
Note: The exhibit does not display the total count of people experiencing homelessness in 2021 or the count of all people experiencing unsheltered
homelessness because of pandemic-related disruptions to counts. Estimates of the number of people experiencing sheltered homelessness at a point in time
in 2021 should also be viewed with caution, as the number could be artificially (falsely) reduced compared with non-pandemic times, reflecting reduced
capacity in some communities and safety concerns regarding staying in shelters.
On a single night in January 2024, 771,480 people experienced homelessness in the United States, the
largest number since data collection began and an overall increase of 19 percent since 2007. Compared
Exhibit 1-2: Experiences of Homelessness by Household
Type and Sheltered Status, 2024
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with 2007, 124,222 more people experienced homelessness in 2024. Between 2023 and 2024, the increase
of 118,376 people was largely driven by an increase in the sheltered population, which rose by 25 percent
(100,762 more people). The number of people experiencing sheltered homelessness in 2024 was larger
than the pre-pandemic sheltered population.
Two-thirds of all people experiencing homelessness in 2024 were in households without children (i.e.,
individuals). For further detail on people experiencing homelessness by household type, see Chapters 2
and 3.
Exhibit 1-3: Change in Number of People Experiencing Homelessness Over Time by Sheltered
Status, 2007-2024
Communities reported that increases in the sheltered population reflected: increased shelter capacity, the
ending of eviction moratoria (bans) and other programs designed to prevent experiences of homelessness
during the pandemic, a shortage of affordable housing, natural disasters that displaced people from their
homes, and rising numbers of people immigrating to the U.S. Increases in the unsheltered population also
were connected to a lack of affordable housing and the end of pandemic era protections but also to lack of
shelter capacity in some communities.
Demographic Characteristics
In 2024, HUD made significant changes to the way the Point-in-Time count collected data on gender and
data on race and ethnicity. People were able to identify both their gender and their race more inclusively,
by selecting more than a single gender or race. Hispanic/Latina/e/o identity, historically collected
separately, is now listed among the race categories. Given these changes, numerical comparisons to prior
2007-2024 Total Change
2010–2024
Change
2020–2024
Change
2023–2024
# % # % # % # %
Experiencing
124,222 19.2% 134,403 21.1% 191,014 32.9% 118,376 18.1%
Sheltered People 105,855 27.0% 93,713 23.2% 142,870 40.3% 100,762 25.4%
Unsheltered People 18,367 7.2% 40,690 17.4% 48,144 21.3% 17,614 6.9%
[OUR STATE IS
CONSIDERED AFFORDABLE TO EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME RENTERS—
HOMELESSNESS POPULATIONS TO CONTINUE TO INCREASE. P
HAD INCREASED BED UTILIZATION RATES AS THEY HAVE ROLLED BACK COVID-
RESTRICTIONS,
BE UNSHELTERED.
CoC in the Mid-Atlantic
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years (i.e., changes in the number of people experiencing homelessness) for gender and race are not
included in the report.
The demographic characteristics of people experiencing homelessness vary considerably by household
type and shelter status and reflect the large percentage of individuals among the total population of people
experiencing homelessness. Detailed characteristics are shown separately for individuals in Section 2 of
this report and for families with children in Section 3.
Age
In 2024, more than one of every four people experiencing homelessness was a child under the age of 18
(19%) or a young adult between the ages of 18 and 24 (8%). Demographics differ depending on the type
of homelessness experienced, with few children experiencing unsheltered homelessness and more middle
aged adults making up the unsheltered population. People between the ages of 35 and 54 make up almost
half of the total number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness.
While all populations saw increases in the number of people experiencing homelessness between 2023
and 2024, the largest percentage increases were among children (under the age of 18), which increased by
32 percent, followed by young adults aged 25 to 34 which increased by 24 percent (see Appendix B).
Exhibit 1-4: Age Distribution of People Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
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Gender
Exhibit 1-5: Gender of People Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Six of every 10
people
experiencing
homelessness in
2024 were men or
boys. This share is
even higher in the
unsheltered
population, where
men and boys
make up nearly 70
percent of people
experiencing
unsheltered
homelessness.
The shelter status
of people
experiencing
homelessness varied
considerably within
gender categories.
People experiencing
homelessness
identifying as women
or girls had the
highest sheltered rate
(72%), while those
identifying as gender
questioning – though
the number was small
– had the highest
unsheltered rate
(81%).8
8 This trend could be due to an increased vulnerability of this population. It is also possible that shelter requirements around
gender affect responses, resulting in underreporting of people identifying as other than man or woman.
All People Sheltered Unsheltered
# % # % # %
Identity
Gender
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on gender were collected by both expanding the
categories and allowing for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See
Appendix B for definitions of gender categories.
Exhibit 1-6: Shelter Status within Gender Identities, 2024
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Race and Ethnicity
Exhibit 1-7: Race/Ethnicity of People Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Race # % % %
All People Experiencing Homelessness
American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous and
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
4,272 0.6% 2,758 0.6% 1,514 0.6%
16,894 2.2% 8,074 1.6% 8,820 3.2%
ethnicity
21,166 2.7% 10,832 2.2% 10,334 3.8%
793 0.1% 409 0.1% 384 0.1%
10,401 1.3% 6,315 1.3% 4,086 1.5%
11,194 1.5% 6,724 1.4% 4,470 1.6%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
15,967 2.1% 13,680 2.8% 2,287 0.8%
227,769 29.5% 168,206 33.8% 59,563 21.7%
243,736 31.6% 181,886 36.6% 61,850 22.6%
499 0.1% 402 0.1% 97 <0.1%
1,513 0.2% 881 0.2% 632 0.2%
2,012 0.3% 1,283 0.3% 729 0.3%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
1,071 0.1% 703 0.1% 368 0.1%
10,312 1.3% 5,865 1.2% 4,447 1.6%
11,383 1.5% 6,568 1.3% 4,815 1.8%
51,376 6.7% 40,487 8.1% 10,889 4.0%
244,280 31.7% 125,971 25.3% 118,309 43.1%
295,656 38.3% 166,458 33.5% 129,198 47.1%
6,841 0.9% 3,991 0.8% 2,850 1.0%
24,346 3.2% 13,088 2.6% 11,258 4.1%
31,187 4.0% 17,079 3.4% 14,108 5.1%
155,146 20.1% 106,426 21.4% 48,720 17.8%
235,965 30.6% 168,856 34.0% 67,109 24.5%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on race and ethnicity were collected by both expanding the categories and allowing for
multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See Appendix B for more detail on the race and ethnicity of
people experiencing homelessness.
Across all people experiencing homelessness, about three in 10 identified as singularly White and 31
percent as Hispanic/Latina/e/o (any race). This reflects a considerable reduction in the number of people
experiencing homelessness that identified as white, both by number and percent. It is likely that several
people who identified as white in prior years identified as singularly Hispanic/Latina/e/o in 2024.
Close to 32 percent of people experiencing homelessness identified as Black, African American, or
African, including just over two percent who identified as Black and Hispanic. The multiracial category is
ALL P EOP LE
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now greater than 4 percent and is likely to grow as more people choose that identity from among the
available categories.
Year to year, there are generally only slight changes in the numbers of people experiencing homelessness
by race. However, in 2024, the updates in the race and ethnicity reporting options resulted in the inclusion
of three new race/ethnicity categories: Middle Eastern or North African Only, Middle Eastern or North
African and Hispanic/Latina/e/o, and Hispanic/Latina/e/o (only). In 2024, 157,158 people (20% of all
people experiencing homelessness) reported as one of these new race/ethnicity categories. Along with
these changes, the share of people experiencing homelessness who identify as Black (of any ethnicity)
decreased from 37 percent of all people experiencing homelessness in 2023 to 32 percent in 2024.9
Exhibit 1-8: Shelter Status within Race and Ethnic Identities, 2024
Sheltered rates also varied considerably across the racial and ethnic identities of people experiencing
homelessness. People who identified as Black, African American, or African and Hispanic/Latina/e/o had
the highest sheltered rates at 86 percent. People who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native had
the lowest sheltered rates at 48 percent.
9 This change could partially be due to changes in the way race and ethnicity was reported this year and the inclusion of
additional reporting categories. However, in recent years, many Communities of Care (CoCs) have engaged in additional
technical assistance to correct for bias in the allocation of housing and prevention resources. This decline could also reflect
the effects of those and other local efforts to more fairly distribute resources.
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1.2 State-Level Estimates of People Experiencing Homelessness
Exhibit 1-9: Estimates of People Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2024
States with the highest number of people experiencing homelessness in 2024 were California and New
York. These states also have rates of homelessness higher than the national rate of 23 people experiencing
homelessness per 10,000 (48 per 10,000 in CA and 81 per 10,000 in NY).
The point-in-time counts are completed during the coldest time of year in the Unites States. States with
the highest rates of unsheltered homelessness during the PIT count tend to be in warmer climates (e.g.,
Exhibit 1-10: Percentages of People Experiencing Homelessness Who Are Unsheltered by State,
2024
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California, Alabama, and Georgia). Other factors impacted the number of people who experienced
unsheltered homelessness in a state, include but are not limited to policies related to access to shelter,
shelter capacity, and local housing markets.
Between 2023 and 2024, 43 states and the District of Columbia reported increases in the number of
people experiencing homelessness. In many of these states, the increases were driven by increases in the
sheltered population.
For information on how rates of homelessness have changed by state since 2007 please see Appendix A.
Exhibit 1-11: Changes in Number of People Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2023-2024
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Understanding Changes in the Number of People Experiencing Homelessness
As a part of the PIT data submission and data quality review process, Continuums of Care
(CoCs) provided details on changes in homelessness locally. To help provide context for the
findings from the 2024 PIT count, the authors of this report reviewed these details. This revealed
that while experiences of homelessness are increasing nationwide, there are distinct factors that
impact local changes. This section profiles three states with large changes in their PIT counts and
the reasons for those changes reported by the CoCs.
New York (NY)
New York is composed of 24 CoCs. Twelve (50%) of the CoCs are suburban, 11 (46%) are rural, and
one CoC is a major city (New York City). Between 2023 and 2024, New York saw a 53 percent increase
in homelessness. Several CoCs in the state again pointed to increased evictions as cities worked through
backlogs in evictions that built up during the eviction moratorium, lack of affordable housing, and
increased rents as key drivers to this increase, as well as loss of rapid re-housing supported by ESG-CV
and other COVID-related funding. These factors led to an increase in shelter stays as people searched for
affordable housing. Other drivers that increased the total homelessness count in New York were
increased availability of warming shelters in some locations and increased or improved PIT count
training. Finally, one CoC, New York City, noted that it continued to experience a significant influx of
asylum seekers in 2024. The CoC noted that these households, who were in emergency shelters,
accounted for almost 88 percent of the increase in sheltered homelessness in New York City.
Hawaii (HI)
Hawaii is composed of two CoCs, one suburban CoC covering Oahu, and one rural CoC covering the rest
of the state. Between 2023 and 2024, Hawaii had an 87 percent increase in total homelessness. These
CoCs attributed this increase in the number of people needing emergency shelter due to the Maui
wildfires, which displaced thousands of people from their homes. This added over 5,000 people to
Maui’s sheltered PIT count as these families were housed in temporary disaster-related emergency shelter
housing. Unsheltered homelessness also increased across the state, which the CoCs attributed to the lack
of affordable housing, the inability to pay rent, and other financial constraints for households.
Illinois (IL)
Illinois has 19 CoCs, one major city (Chicago), three other largely urban CoCs, ten suburban CoCs, and
five largely rural CoCs. Between 2023 and 2024, Illinois had a 116 percent increase in the number of
people experiencing homelessness (13,885 more people). Ninety-one percent of this increase was in
Chicago. The Chicago CoC reported that an influx of new arrivals accounted for most of this observed
increase. According to the CoC, new arrivals (which included migrant and asylum-seeking families,
including those bused or flown to Chicago from other states) accounted for more than 13,600 people in
emergency shelters in 2024. While the CoC indicated that new arrivals accounted for most of Chicago’s
increase in estimated homelessness, the same cannot be said for the 16 other CoCs in Illinois that
experienced increases. Many attributed their rises to increased shelter capacity, extreme cold that brought
people into shelter, a higher cost of living combined with a rollback of pandemic-related financial
supports, and a lack of affordable housing.
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1.3 Estimates of All People Experiencing Homelessness by CoC
Continuums of Care (CoC) were Divided into Four Geographic Categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in
suburban areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10
miles of urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban
clusters that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have been adapted from definitions used by the US Department of Education’s National
Center for Education Statistics to characterize the locations of schools. For detailed information on how they
were applied to CoCs, see the About the Report section of this report.
Exhibit 1-12: Share of All People Experiencing Homelessness in each CoC Category by Sheltered
Status, 2024
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
More than half of people experiencing homelessness were counted in one of the nation’s 50 largest cities.
Suburban areas account for the next largest share, with 24 percent. There is some variation by shelter
status, where major cities account for a slightly larger share of the sheltered population and rural areas a
slightly larger share of the unsheltered population.
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Exhibit 1-13: Number of People Experiencing Homelessness by Geographic Category and
Sheltered Status, 2024
# CoCs All People Sheltered Unsheltered
Total 385 771,480 497,256 274,224
Major Cities 48 418,339 282,874 135,465
Other Urban CoCs 61 45,579 29,976 15,603
Suburban CoCs 165 181,274 114,646 66,628
Rural CoCs 111 126,288 69,760 56,528
Families with children were most likely to be experiencing unsheltered homelessness in largely rural CoCs,
with 6 percent of all people experiencing homelessness in largely rural CoCs being unsheltered families. In
all other geographic areas, this share was 2 percent or less. Individuals made up a larger share of people
Exhibit 1-14: Distribution by Household Type and Sheltered Status by Geography, 2024
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories
Major Cities Other Urban Co Cs
30.9%
■ She ered l nd iY i:1 uals. ■ Unsheltered Ind;,, i:1 uals ■ She ered l nd iY i:1 uals. ■ Unsheltered Ind ;,, i:1 uals
■ She ered Peope i n Fam ili es ■ Unsheltered Peop~· i n Fam ili es ■ She ered Peope i n Fam ili es ■ Unsheltered Peope i n Fam ili es
Largely Suburban CoCs Largely Rural CoCs
-
34.8%
■ Sh ered l nd iY i:1 uals. ■ Unsheltered Ind;,, i:1 uals ■ Sheltered lnd iv ij uat. ■ U nshe ered Ind ;,, i:1 uals
■ Sheltered Peop~ i n Fam ili es ■ Unsheltered Peop~ i n Fam ili es ■ Sheltered Peop~ i n Fam ili es ■ U nshe ered Peop ~ i n Fam ili es
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experiencing homelessness in other largely urban CoCs (78%) compared to major cities (63%), especially
among sheltered individuals (45% vs. 32%).
Exhibit 1-15: Change in the Number of People Experiencing Homelessness by Sheltered Status
and CoC Category, 2023-2024
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories
While overall the number of people experiencing homelessness increased by 18 percent across the
country, CoCs that contained one of the nation’s largest cities and those that were composed mostly of
suburban areas experienced large increases. Other largely urban areas saw the least increases among
people experiencing either sheltered or unsheltered homelessness. Major cities were the only area to
report a decrease in unsheltered homelessness between 2023 and 2024.
For more information on people experiencing homelessness at the CoC and geographic level, please see
Appendix B.
Major Cities 76,528 22.4% 78,167 38.2% -1,639 -1.2%
Other Largely Urban CoCs 1,568 3.6% 1,545 5.4% 23 0.1%
Largely Suburban CoCs 26,467 17.1% 15,783 16.0% 10,684 19.1%
Largely Rural CoCs 13,813 12.3% 5,267 8.2% 8,546 17.8%
I NDIVI DUALS
Page | 14
2. Estimates of Individuals Experiencing
Homelessness
2.1 National Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
The estimates presented in this section reflect national data collected on the number of individuals
experiencing homelessness during a single point-in-time (PIT) count that occurred during the last 10 days
in January 2024. The PIT count offers a snapshot of the number of people experiencing sheltered and
unsheltered homelessness on a single night. Sheltered homelessness includes people who were staying in
emergency shelters (ES), transitional housing (TH) programs, or safe havens (SH) on the night of the
count. It does not include people living in housing supported by rapid rehousing (RRH) programs, people
in permanent supportive housing (PSH), or people in other permanent housing programs (OPH). (For
more information on these programs, see Section 7).
The PIT count also includes the number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness. The
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidance defines unsheltered homelessness as
sleeping in places not meant for human habitation such as sidewalks, abandoned buildings, bus stations,
and vehicles parked for long periods. Because of the difficulty of locating people in some of these
situations and differences in local capacity to conduct the unsheltered count, the actual number of people
experiencing unsheltered homelessness could be larger than reported.
The United States announced an end to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) public health emergency in May
2023, and the 2024 national PIT counts reflect a returning to post-pandemic shelter use. Many shelters
that had reduced shelter capacity through de-concentration (social distancing) efforts had gone back to
full capacity by the time of the 2024 count. The strengthening of safety net programs, income protections,
and eviction moratoria (bans) in-place during the pandemic, which helped to prevent some people from
entering into homelessness, had also expired. For all these reasons, comparisons to the pandemic years
should be made with caution.
Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
children during an experience of homelessness (i.e., the person is not experiencing
homelessness in a household with at least one adult and at least one child under age 18).
Individuals may be single adults, unaccompanied children, or in multiple-adult or multiple-
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In January of 2024, 512,007 people in households without children—i.e., individuals—experienced
homelessness in the United States. This is the largest number of individuals experiencing homelessness
since data collection began. About 50 percent of individuals stayed in sheltered locations and 50 percent
in unsheltered locations. This section provides information on individuals experiencing homelessness at a
single point in time. See Appendix B for detailed tables supporting the exhibits in this chapter.
Exhibit 2-1: PIT Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness, 2007-2024
Note: The exhibit does not display the total count of individuals experiencing homelessness in 2021 or the count of individuals experiencing
unsheltered homelessness because of pandemic-related disruptions to counts. Estimates of the number of individuals experiencing sheltered
homelessness at a point in time in 2021 should also be viewed with caution, as the number could be artificially (falsely) reduced compared with
non-pandemic times, reflecting reduced capacity in some communities and safety concerns regarding staying in shelters.
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The number of individuals experiencing
homelessness has increased steadily
over the last decade after decreasing for
several years between 2007 and 2015.
Between 2007 and 2024, the number of
individuals experiencing homelessness
increased by 24 percent.
The 10 percent increase between 2023
and 2024 was observed across both
sheltered populations (a 13% increase)
and unsheltered populations (a 7%
increase).
Demographic Characteristics
In 2024, HUD made significant changes
in the way data on gender and data on
race and ethnicity were collected.
Individuals were able to identify both
their gender and their race more
inclusively, by selecting more than a
single gender or race.
Hispanic/Latina/e/o status, historically
collected separately, is now listed among the race categories. Given these changes, comparisons to prior
years for gender and race are not included in the report.
Age
Most individuals experiencing
homelessness were between the ages of
25 and 64 (84%). The groups most likely
to be in shelter rather than observed in
unsheltered locations were
unaccompanied children (that is, children
not experiencing homelessness with a
parent or legal guardian age 18 or older),
youth, and individuals 55 and older.
The number of individuals experiencing
homelessness increased across nearly all
age groups and shelter statuses between
2023 and 2024. The only populations to
decrease during this period were people
in child-only households and unsheltered
unaccompanied youth (see Appendix B).
Gender
In 2024, more than two-thirds of individuals experiencing homelessness identified as men and 30 percent
as women. Two percent identified as a gender other than singularly woman or man. A somewhat higher
share of unsheltered individuals identified as men and as more than one gender.
Exhibit 2-3: Age Distribution of Individuals Experiencing
Homelessness, 2024
Exhibit 2-2: Percent Change in Individuals Experiencing
Homelessness Over Time, 2007-2024
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The shelter status of
individuals varied
considerably within gender
categories. Individuals
experiencing homelessness
identifying as transgender
had the highest sheltered
rate (58%) while those
identifying as a having a
culturally specific gender
identity – though the
number was small – had
the highest unsheltered rate
(88%). 10
Race and Ethnicity
Individuals of color,
particularly Black, African
American, or African and
American Indian, Alaska
Native, and Indigenous
populations are
considerably
overrepresented among
individuals experiencing
homelessness (accounting
for 69% of individuals
experiencing
homelessness).
In 2024, 78,780 people (or 15%)
identified as only Hispanic or
Latina/e/o, however an additional
9 percent of people identified as
Hispanic and some other race.
Black, African, or African
American accounted for a higher
share of the sheltered population
than the unsheltered population
(37% vs. 25%). Most other
groups comprised a higher share
of the unsheltered population than
they did the sheltered population.
See Appendix B for additional
detail.
10 This trend could be due to an increased vulnerability of this population. It is also possible that shelter requirements around
gender affect responses, resulting in underreporting of people identifying as other than man or woman.
Exhibit 2-4: Gender Identity of Individuals Experiencing
Homelessness, 2024
All People Sheltered Unsheltered
# % # # % #
Woman 153,477 30.0% 79,589 31.0% 73,888 28.9%
Man 350,056 68.4% 173,376 67.6% 176,680 69.1%
Transgender 2,449 0.5% 1,411 0.6% 1,038 0.4%
Gender
Questioning
356 0.1% 60 <0.1% 296 0.1%
Specific
Identity
280 0.1% 34 <0.1% 246 0.1%
Identity
640 0.1% 107 <0.1% 533 0.2%
1,766 0.3% 824 0.3% 942 0.4%
One Gender
2,983 0.6% 939 0.4% 2,044 0.8%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on gender were collected by both expanding
the categories and allowing for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification
and reporting. See Appendix B for definitions of gender categories.
Exhibit 2-5: Shelter Status within Gender Identities of
Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
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Exhibit 2-6: Race and Ethnicity of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Total Individuals Sheltered
Individuals
Unsheltered
Individuals
# % # % # %
All Individuals Experiencing Homelessness 512,007 100.0% 256,340 100.0% 255,667 100.0%
American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous and
Hispanic/Latina/e/o 3,007 0.6% 1,575 0.6% 1,432 0.6%
American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous Only 13,708 2.7% 5,388 2.1% 8,320 3.3%
Total American Indian, Alaska Native, or
Indigenous, any ethnicity 16,715 3.3% 6,963 2.7% 9,752 3.9%
Asian or Asian American and Hispanic/Latina/e/o 610 0.1% 233 0.1% 377 0.1%
Asian or Asian American Only 7,652 1.5% 3,765 1.5% 3,887 1.5%
Total Asian or Asian American, any ethnicity 8,262 1.6% 3,998 1.6% 4,264 1.6%
Black, African American, or African and
Hispanic/Latina/e/o 6,160 1.2% 4,147 1.6% 2,013 0.8%
Black, African American, or African Only 140,174 27.4% 85,562 33.4% 54,612 21.4%
Total Black, African American, or African, any
ethnicity 146,334 28.6% 89,709 35.0% 56,625 22.2%
Middle Eastern or North African and
Hispanic/Latina/e/o 418 0.1% 321 0.1% 97 <0.1%
Middle Eastern or North African Only 1,151 0.2% 566 0.2% 585 0.2%
Total Middle Eastern or North Africa, any ethnicity 1,569 0.3% 887 0.3% 682 0.2%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and
Hispanic/Latina/e/o 738 0.1% 389 0.2% 349 0.1%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Only 5,393 1.1% 2,154 0.8% 3,239 1.3%
Total Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, any
ethnicity 6,131 1.2% 2,543 1.0% 3,588 1.4%
White and Hispanic/Latina/e/o 28,912 5.6% 18,885 7.4% 10,027 3.9%
White Only 204,446 39.9% 92,268 36.0% 112,178 43.9%
Total White, any ethnicity 233,358 45.5% 111,153 43.4% 122,205 47.8%
Multi-Racial and Hispanic/Latina/e/o 4,102 0.8% 1,637 0.6% 2,465 1.0%
Multi-Racial All Other 16,796 3.3% 6,414 2.5% 10,382 4.1%
Total Multi-Racial, any ethnicity 20,898 4.1% 8,051 3.1% 12,847 5.1%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only 78,740 15.4% 33,036 12.9% 45,704 17.9%
Total Hispanic/Latina/e/o, Any Race 122,687 24.0% 60,223 23.5% 62,464 24.4%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on race and ethnicity were collected by both expanding the categories and allowing for
multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See Appendix B for more detail on the race and ethnicity of
people experiencing homelessness.
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Sheltered status varied considerably by racial groups. Asian, Indigenous, Pacific Islander, and multi-racial
populations had the highest rates of individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness in 2024, all with
rates above 60 percent. Individuals identifying as Middle Eastern and Hispanic or Latina/e/o had the
highest rate of individuals experiencing sheltered homelessness at 77 percent.
Exhibit 2-7: Sheltered Status of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness within Racial Groups, 2024
HE RISE IN UNSHELTERED NUMBERS
DEVELOPMENTS. T
ROLE, AS MANY INDIVIDUALS WHO HAD BEEN PROTECTED UNDER PANDEMIC-
POLICIES SUDDENLY FACED EVICTION PROCEEDINGS. W
RESUMING OPERATIONS,
THEMSELVES WITHOUT HOUSING. E
SITUATION, PARTICULARLY THE UNPRECEDENTED SPIKES IN RENTAL PRICES,
SAW NEARLY A 23% INCREASE FROM 2020 TO LATE 2023. T
COSTS HAS PUSHED MANY OUT OF AFFORDABILITY,
HOMELESSNESS.”
CoC in the Southeast
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2.2 State-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
In West Virginia, 89 percent of all people experiencing homelessness at a point-in-time were individuals
– the highest rate in the country. California is second, with 86 percent. See Appendix A for more detailed,
state-level information.
Exhibit 2-8: Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2024
The point-in-time counts are conducted during the coldest time of year in the Unites States. Most of the
states with the highest rates of individuals experiencing homelessness in unsheltered locations during the
PIT count are in warmer climates (e.g., California, Georgia, and Florida). However, other factors, such as
policies related to local housing markets, access to shelter, and shelter capacity also affect the share of
people who experience unsheltered homelessness.
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Exhibit 2-9: Percentages of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness Who Are Unsheltered, 2024
Between 2023 and 2024, 42 states and the District of Columbia experienced increases in the number of
individuals experiencing homelessness. More states experienced increases in unsheltered individuals (43
states and DC) than sheltered individuals (36 states and DC experienced increases).
Exhibit 2-10: Largest Changes in the Number of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness by State,
2023-2024
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Understanding Changes in the Number of People Experiencing Homelessness
As a part of the PIT data submission and data quality review process, Continuums of Care
(CoCs) provided details on changes in homelessness locally. To help provide context for the
findings from the 2024 PIT count, the authors of this report reviewed these details. This revealed
that while experiences of homelessness are increasing nationwide, there are distinct factors that
impact local changes. This section profiles two states with large changes in their PIT counts and
the reasons for those changes reported by the CoCs.
New Jersey (NJ)
New Jersey is composed of 16 largely suburban CoCs. Between 2023 and 2024, the state experienced a
31% rise in homelessness among individuals. Increases in sheltered individuals slightly outpaced
increases in unsheltered individuals (33% vs. 23%) in the state. Nearly all communities noted the
continued (and in some CoCs, delayed) impact of the expiration of state-level homelessness prevention
resources—particularly the eviction moratorium that continued after the federal moratorium expired and
ended in 2022. A large number of people in NJ were staying in hotels and motels after being evicted. In
addition, the housing market has continued to tighten and become increasingly unaffordable. One
community noted the impact of remote work, “Since the landlords were not receiving much of the
income they used to receive through rents, the option of asking for higher rents [from people with jobs in
NYC]…was preferable to them. The result was that the rents…went far beyond what any available
voucher or program might have allowed for our clients trying to move out of the facility [a shelter] for
others to move in.”
North Carolina (NC)
North Carolina is composed of 12 CoCs, 7 urban, 2 rural, and 3 suburban. Between 2023 and 2024, the
number of individuals experiencing homelessness increased by 17%. Increases in unsheltered individuals
outpaced increases in sheltered individuals (25% vs. 10%). While housing affordability was noted in
some CoCs, most CoCs described the increased use of coordinated entry as both a reason for improved
identification and increases in the population. As one CoC put it, “By expanding Coordinated Entry
Access Points and enhancing outreach efforts, we identified and assessed more individuals experiencing
homelessness. This proactive approach ensured they were connected with shelters or agencies utilizing
hotel funds [non-congregate shelters using motels or hotels], thereby increasing shelter capacity during
the PIT count.” In addition, North Carolina CoCs noted increased capacity for conducting PIT counts,
which contributed to more comprehensive counting. “…there has been growth in the number of
community partners participating in the…PIT count. These organizations include Peer Support Recovery
Programs, Schools, Faith-Based Organizations, the Department of Social Services, Mental
Health/Substance Use Providers, Food Pantries, Veterans Organizations, Homeless Coalitions, Law
Enforcement, Libraries, Health Departments, Federally Qualified Health Centers, and the Regional
Housing Authorities.”
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2.3 CoC-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
Continuums of Care (CoC) were Divided into Four Geographic Categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in
suburban areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10
miles of urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban
clusters that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have been adapted from definitions used by the US Department of Education’s National
Center for Education Statistics to characterize the locations of schools. For detailed information on how they were
applied to CoCs, see the About the Report section of this report.
More than half of individuals experiencing homelessness were counted in one of the nation’s 50 largest
cities. Suburban areas account for the next largest share, with 24 percent. Rural areas and suburban areas
had somewhat larger shares of unsheltered individuals, while major cities had a larger share of sheltered
individuals.
Exhibit 2-11: Share of All Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in each CoC Category by
Sheltered Status, 2024
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
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Exhibit 2-12: Number of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness by Geography Category and
Shelter Status, 2024
# CoCs Total Individuals Sheltered Individuals Unsheltered Individuals
Total 385 512,007 256,340 255,667
Major Cities 48 263,999 134,690 129,309
Other Urban CoCs 61 35,350 20,620 14,730
Suburban CoCs 165 121,315 58,320 62,995
Rural CoCs 111 91,343 42,710 48,633
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
Overall, increases occurred across geographic categories. Between 2023 and 2024, major cities
experienced a large increase in sheltered individuals (18%) and a small drop in the number of unsheltered
individuals. Meanwhile, largely suburban and largely rural CoCs experienced considerable increases in
the number of unsheltered individuals during the same period.
Exhibit 2-13: Change in Individuals Experiencing Homelessness by Sheltered Status and CoC
Category, 2023-2024
Change in Total
Individuals
Change in Sheltered
Individuals
Change in Unsheltered
Individuals
Total 44,987 9.6% 28,545 12.5% 16,442 6.9%
Major Cities 20,025 8.2% 20,253 17.7% -228 -0.2%
554 1.6% 629 3.1% -75 -0.5%
14,937 14.0% 4,645 8.7% 10,292 19.5%
9,471 11.6% 3,018 7.6% 6,453 15.3%
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
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3. Estimates of Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness in the United States
3.1 National Estimates of Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness
in the United States
The estimates presented in this section reflect national data collected on the number of people in families
with children experiencing homelessness during a single point-in-time (PIT) count that occurred during
the last 10 days in January 2024. The PIT count offers a snapshot of the number of people experiencing
sheltered and unsheltered homelessness on a single night. Sheltered family homelessness consists of
people in families with children who were staying in emergency shelters (ES) or transitional housing
(TH) programs on the night of the count. It does not include people living in housing supported by rapid
rehousing (RRH) programs, people in permanent supportive (PH) housing, or people in other permanent
housing programs (OPH). (For more information on these programs, see Section 7).
The PIT count also provides information on the number of people in families with children experiencing
unsheltered homelessness. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines
unsheltered homelessness as staying in places not meant for human habitation such as sidewalks,
abandoned buildings, bus stations, and vehicles parked for long periods. However, some experiences of
unsheltered family homelessness may be difficult to identify, as family members may take turns sleeping
in backyards or in vehicles that are also used for transportation. In addition, the strength of the
unsheltered count may differ from community to community. For these reasons, the actual number of
people experiencing unsheltered family homelessness could be larger than reported.
The United States announced an end to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) public health emergency in May
2023, and the 2024 national PIT counts reflects a return to post-pandemic shelter use. Many shelters that
had reduced shelter capacity through de-concentration (social distancing) efforts had gone back to full
capacity by the time of the 2024 count. The strengthening of safety net programs, income protections, and
eviction moratoria (bans) in-place during the pandemic, which helped to prevent some people from
entering into homelessness, had also expired. For all these reasons, comparisons to the pandemic years
should be made with caution.
Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness refers to people in households made up of at
least one adult age 18 or older and one child age under 18 that were experiencing homelessness
together on the night of the point-in-time count.
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Exhibit 3-1: PIT Estimates of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness by
Sheltered Status, 2007-2024
Note: The exhibit does not display the total count of people in families with children experiencing homelessness in 2021 or the count of all
people in families with children experiencing unsheltered homelessness because of pandemic-related disruptions to PIT counts. Estimates of
the number of people in families with children experiencing sheltered homelessness at a point in time in 2021 should also be viewed with
caution, as the number could be artificially (falsely) reduced compared with non-pandemic times, reflecting reduced capacity in some
communities and safety concerns regarding staying in shelters.
On a single night in January 2024, 259,473 people in families with children were experiencing
homelessness in the United States, the largest number since data collection began. Nine in ten people
experiencing homelessness as families were sheltered.
PREVENTION RESOURCES,
MORATORIUM. T
ENTERING INTO HOMELESS AND MOVING HOUSEHOLDS OUT OF HOMELESSNESS QUICKLY
SINCE THE SUNSETTING OF THESE RESOURCES AND THE ENDING OF THE [EVICTION
MORATORIUM, [OUR] COC
INDIVIDUALS SEEKING EMERGENCY SHELTER ASSISTANCE. T
NUMBER OF FIRST TIME HOMELESS HOUSEHOLDS UNFAMILIAR TO THE SYSTEM,
AS A NUMBER OF UNDOCUMENTED HOUSEHOLDS SEEKING ASSISTANCE
Suburban CoC in the Northeast
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The progress made
towards reducing
experiences of family
homelessness between
2014 and 2021 has
reversed in recent years.
The number of people in
families with children
experiencing
homelessness increased
by 39 percent between
2023 and 2024. This
increase was largely
driven by increases in the
sheltered population,
which rose by 43 percent
(72,217 more people).
Overall, the number of
people experiencing
homelessness as part of a
family with children has
increased by 51 percent since its low in 2020—prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Parenting youth are also included in the population of families with children experiencing homelessness.
About half of 18- to 24-year-olds in families with children experiencing homelessness were parents (49%
or 9,053 total parenting youth). Children of parenting youth make up seven percent of all children in
families experiencing homelessness (9,911 children).
Exhibit 3-3: Number of People in Parenting Youth Households, 2024
Parents in
Households Households Households
125 135 260
9,052 10,211 19,263
9,177 10,346 19,523
Exhibit 3-2: Changes in the Number of People in Families with Children
Experiencing Homelessness Over Time by Sheltered Status,
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Demographic Characteristics
In 2024, HUD made significant
changes to the way the Point-in-
Time count collects data on
gender and data on race and
ethnicity. People were able to
identify both their gender and their
race more inclusively, by selecting
more than a single gender or race.
Hispanic/Latine/a/o identity,
historically collected separately, is
now listed among the race
categories. Given these changes,
numerical comparisons to prior
years (i.e., changes in the number
of people experiencing
homelessness) for gender and race
are not included in this report.
Age
In 2024, over half of all people in
families with children experiencing
homelessness were children under
the age of 18 (56%). About one of
every five was an adult between
the ages of 25 to 34. Families with
children experiencing unsheltered
homelessness were more likely to have an adult aged 45 or older in the household compared with families
in shelter.
While all age groups saw increases in the number of people in families with children experiencing
homelessness between 2023 and 2024, the largest percentage increases were among adults ages 25 to 34,
which saw a 52 percent increase, followed closely by adults ages 35 to 55 which saw a 48 percent
increase (see Appendix B).
Exhibit 3-4: Age Distribution of People in Families with
Children Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
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Exhibit 3-5: Gender Identity of People in Families with Children
Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Gender
Women and girls make up
58 percent of all people in
families with children
experiencing
homelessness. This share
is slightly lower among
families experiencing
unsheltered homelessness
(55%).
The shelter status of people
experiencing homelessness as
part of a family with children
varied within gender
categories. People identifying
as men (boys) or women
(girls) both had the highest
sheltered rates (93%), while
those identifying as
questioning – though the
number was small – had the
lowest rate (52%).11
11 This trend could be due to an increased vulnerability of this population. It is also possible that shelter requirements around
gender affect responses, resulting in underreporting of people identifying as other than a man or woman.
All People in
Families with
Children
Woman (girl) 149,183 57.5% 139,039 57.7% 10,144 54.7%
Man (boy) 109,512 42.2% 101,304 42.0% 8,208 44.2%
Transgender 112 <0.1% 90 <0.1% 22 0.1%
Gender
Questioning
Specific Identity
Gender
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on gender were collected by both expanding the
categories and allowing for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and
reporting. See Appendix B for definitions of gender categories.
Exhibit 3-6: Shelter Status of People in Families with Children
Experiencing Homelessness, within Gender Identities,
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Race and Ethnicity
Exhibit 3-7: Race/Ethnicity of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Experiencing
Homelessness as
Families
Families in Families
# % # % # %
All People in Families with Children
Experiencing Homelessness
259,473 100% 240,916 100% 18,557 100%
Indigenous and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
1,265 0.5% 1,183 0.5% 82 0.4%
Indigenous Only
3,186 1.2% 2,686 1.1% 500 2.7%
or Indigenous, any ethnicity
4,451 1.7% 3,869 1.6% 582 3.1%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
183 0.1% 176 0.1% 7 <0.01%
2,749 1.1% 2,550 1.1% 199 1.1%
ethnicity
2,932 1.1% 2,726 1.1% 206 1.1%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
9,807 3.8% 9,533 4.0% 274 1.5%
Only
87,595 33.8% 82,644 34.3% 4,951 26.7%
African, any ethnicity
97,402 37.5% 92,177 38.3% 5,225 28.2%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
81 <0.01% 81 <0.01% 0 0.0%
362 0.1% 315 0.1% 47 0.3%
any ethnicity
443 0.2% 396 0.2% 47 0.3%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
333 0.1% 314 0.1% 19 0.1%
Only
4,919 1.9% 3,711 1.5% 1,208 6.5%
Islander, any ethnicity
5,252 2.0% 4,025 1.7% 1,227 6.6%
22,464 8.7% 21,602 9.0% 862 4.6%
39,834 15.4% 33,703 14.0% 6,131 33.0%
62,298 24.0% 55,305 23.0% 6,993 37.7%
2,739 1.1% 2,354 1.0% 385 2.1%
7,550 2.9% 6,674 2.8% 876 4.7%
10,289 4.0% 9,028 3.7% 1,261 6.8%
76,406 29.4% 73,390 30.5% 3,016 16.3%
113,278 43.7% 108,633 45.1% 4,645 25.0%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on race and ethnicity were collected by both expanding the categories and allowing
for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See Appendix B for more detail.
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Across all people experiencing homelessness as part of a family with children, about 38 percent identified
as Black, African American, or African, including four percent that identified as Black and Hispanic.
More than four in every 10 people in families experiencing homelessness identified as
Hispanic/Latina/e/o (any race). Three in ten identified as Hispanic only (and no other race). About one
quarter of people experiencing homelessness in families with children identified as White (any ethnicity).
The race and ethnicity of people experiencing homelessness in families with children has changed
considerably from last year. It is likely that the updates in the race and ethnicity reporting options—which
resulted in the inclusion of three new race/ethnicity categories—affected how people identified. In 2024,
76,849 people (30%) identified as one of the newly available racial/ethnic categories.
Sheltered rates also varied
considerably across the racial and
ethnic identities of people in families
with children experiencing
homelessness. People who identified
as Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Islander (only) had the highest
unsheltered rates at 25 percent.
People who identified as Hispanic or
Latina/e/o, regardless of race, tended
to have higher sheltered rates than
those who identified as non-Hispanic.
UR CITY IS ONE OF THE MOST BURDEN ED
COST FOR RENT. I
ADD SYSTEM CAPACITY FOR CRISIS HOUSING. W
CAPACITY.
Largely Urban CoC in the Southeast
Exhibit 3-8: Shelter Status of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness within
Racial Groups, 2024
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3.2 Estimates of Homelessness by State
States with the highest number of people in families with children experiencing homelessness in 2024
were New York (95,457 people) and California (25,639 people). However, the states that had the highest
share of families with children experiencing homelessness among all people experiencing homelessness
were Massachusetts (76%), New York (60%), and Illinois (52%).
Exhibit 3-9: State Estimates of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness by
State, 2024
Exhibit 3-10: Percentages of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness Who
Are Unsheltered, 2024
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Across the nation, four states have more than 25 percent of people in families with children experiencing
homelessness in places not meant for human habitation: Oregon (56%), Idaho (54%), Alabama (48%),
and Tennessee (32%).
Between 2023 and 2024, 39 states and the District of Columbia reported increases in the number of
people in families with children experiencing homelessness. Four states saw the number of people in
families experiencing homelessness more than double: Illinois (234% increase), Wyoming (219%
increase), Hawaii (187% increase), and Colorado (134% increase). In many states, the increases were
driven by increases in the sheltered population.
For information on how rates of families experiencing homelessness have changed by state since 2007
please see Appendix B.
Exhibit 3-11: Changes in the Number of People in Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness by State, 2023-2024
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Understanding Changes in the Number of People Experiencing Homelessness
As a part of the PIT data submission and data quality review process, Continuums of Care (CoCs)
provided details on changes in homelessness locally. To help provide context for the findings from the
2024 PIT count, the authors of this report reviewed these details. This revealed that while experiences of
homelessness are increasing nationwide, there are distinct factors that impact local changes. This section
profiles two states with large changes in their PIT counts and the reasons for those changes reported by
the CoCs.
Massachusetts (MA)
Massachusetts is composed of 11 CoCs. It has one major city (Boston) and one other largely urban
CoC (Cambridge); the remaining nine CoCs are largely suburban. Three of every four people
experiencing homelessness in Massachusetts (76%) were doing so in families with children, the
highest share in the country. Between 2023 and 2024, Massachusetts had a 74 percent increase in
family homelessness (9,512 more people). Many of these CoCs attributed this increase to the state’s
right to shelter law and its application to hundreds of recently arrived migrant families, refugees, and
asylum-seekers who did not yet have living arrangements coming to the state. In August 2023, the
Governor of Massachusetts declared a state of emergency regarding newly arriving migrant families,
unlocking additional shelter beds and other resources to help place these families in emergency
shelters. Other factors contributing to the increase related to overall expanded shelter capacity, a high
cost of living, inflation, increases in rents, and a lack of affordable housing.
Arizona (AZ)
Arizona is composed of three CoCs. Two of the CoCs are major cities (Tucson and Phoenix) and the
other, geographically large, CoC is largely rural. Twenty-one percent of all people experiencing
homelessness in Arizona were families with children. Between 2023, and 2024, the number of people
in families experiencing homelessness increased by 15 percent (411 more people). All three CoCs
reported increases in family homelessness between 2023 and 2024. These increases were driven by:
increased PIT count coordination that allowed for expanded surveying in rural parts of the state where
more families experiencing unsheltered homelessness were living; an increase in shelter capacity in
one major city that allowed programs to serve more families experiencing homelessness; and an
undersupply of emergency shelter capacity for families experiencing homelessness in the other major
city that resulted in an increase in unsheltered family homelessness.
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3.3 Estimates of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness
by CoC
Continuums of Care (CoC) were Divided into Four Geographic Categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in suburban
areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10 miles of
urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban clusters
that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have been adapted from definitions used by the US Department of Education’s National
Center for Education Statistics to characterize the locations of schools. For detailed information on how they were
applied to CoCs, see the About the Report section of this report.
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
Six of every ten people in families with children experiencing homelessness were counted in one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities. Suburban areas account for the next largest share, at 23 percent. There is some
variation by shelter status, with major cities accounting for a larger share of the sheltered population and
rural areas a larger share of the unsheltered population. Four in ten families experiencing unsheltered
homelessness are in rural CoCs.
Exhibit 3-12: Share of All People in Families Experiencing Homelessness in Each CoC
Category by Sheltered Status, 2024
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Exhibit 3-13: Number of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness by
Geographic Category and Sheltered Status, 2024
# CoCs
Families
Experiencing
Homelessness
Sheltered People in
Families
Unsheltered People
in Families
Major Cities 48 154,340 148,184 6,156
Other Urban CoCs 10,229 9,356 873
Suburban CoCs 59,959 56,326 3,633
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
Exhibit 3-14: Change in Experiences of Family Homelessness by
Sheltered Status and CoC Category, 2023-2024
While overall the number
of people in families with
children experiencing
homelessness increased
by 39 percent across the
country, CoCs that
contained one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities
experienced the greatest
increases. This was
entirely driven by
increases in the sheltered
population, which
increased by 64 percent.
In major cities,
unsheltered family
homelessness declined by 19 percent, the only region to see declines in unsheltered family homelessness.
Largely rural CoCs reported a 36 percent increase in unsheltered family homelessness—the largest
increase among all geographies.
Families
Experiencing
Homelessness
Sheltered
Families
Unsheltered
Families
Major Cities
Urban CoCs
CoCs
CoCs
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
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4. Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
4.1 National Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness
The estimates presented in this section reflect national data collected on the number of individuals under
the age of 25 (unaccompanied youth) experiencing homelessness during a single point-in-time (PIT) that
occurred during the last 10 days in January 2024. The PIT count offers a snapshot of the number of
unaccompanied youth experiencing sheltered and unsheltered homelessness without a parent or guardian
or a child of their own. Sheltered unaccompanied youth consists of people staying in emergency shelters
(ES), safe haven (SH), or transitional housing (TH) programs on the night of the count. It does not include
young people living in housing supported by rapid rehousing (RRH) programs, people in permanent
supportive housing (PSH) programs, or people in other permanent housing programs (OPH). (For more
information on these programs, see Section 7). In addition, these
data do not reflect unaccompanied youth living with friends or
family on a temporary basis. Doubling up and couch surfing are
more common for youth than for other populations.
The PIT count also includes the number of unaccompanied youth
experiencing unsheltered homelessness. The Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidance defines
unsheltered homelessness as sleeping in places not meant for
human habitation such as sidewalks, abandoned buildings, bus
stations, and vehicles parked for long periods. Because of the
difficulty of locating people in some of these situations and
differences in local capacity to conduct the unsheltered count, the
actual number of unaccompanied youth experiencing unsheltered
homelessness could be larger than reported.
The United States announced an end to the COVID-19
(Coronavirus) public health emergency in May 2023, and the 2024
national PIT counts reflects a returning to post-pandemic shelter
use. Many shelters that had reduced shelter capacity through de-
concentration (social distancing) efforts had gone back to full
capacity by the time of the 2024 count. The strengthening of safety
net programs, income protections, and eviction moratoria (bans) in-
place during the pandemic, which helped to prevent some people
from entering into homelessness, had also expired. For all these
reasons, comparisons to the pandemic years should be made with
caution.
Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness are children (under the age of 18) and
young adults (ages 18-24) who are not part of a family with children or accompanied by their
A Note About Doubling
Up and Couch Surfing
HUD’s definition on
homelessness does not
include situations where
people are “doubling up” or
temporarily staying with others
due to a loss of housing or
other hardships. HUD’s
definition of homelessness also
does not include instances of
“couch surfing” or staying on
someone's couch, floor, or in
an extra space in someone
else's home due to housing
instability or because there are
no housing options available to
them. This form of housing
instability may be more
common among youth (ages
18-24). More information on
this and other types of housing
instability can be found in the
AHAR Part 2.
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Exhibit 4-1: PIT Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness, 2017-2024
Note: The exhibit does not display the total count of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness in 2021 or the count of all
unaccompanied youth experiencing unsheltered homelessness because of pandemic-related disruptions to PIT counts. Estimates of
the number of unaccompanied youth experiencing sheltered homelessness at a point in time in 2021 should also be viewed with
caution, as the number could be artificially (falsely) reduced compared with non-pandemic times, reflecting reduced capacity in
some communities and safety concerns regarding staying in shelters.
In January of 2024, 38,170
unaccompanied youth
experienced homelessness on a
single night in the United States.
After decreasing steadily between
2017 (the first year the data were
reported) and 2020, the number of
unaccompanied youth
experiencing homelessness has
risen post-pandemic. Between
2022 and 2023, the number of
unaccompanied youth in the U.S.
increased by 15 percent. The
number increased again between
2023 and 2024, by 10 percent.12
12 Beginning in 2017, HUD began issuing funding to CoCs through the Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program (YHDP).
The goal of YHDP is to support the development and implementation of a coordinated community approach to preventing
and ending youth homelessness.
Exhibit 4-2: Percent Change in the Number of Unaccompanied Youth
Experiencing Homelessness, 2007-2024
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Demographic Characteristics
In 2024, HUD made significant changes in the way data on gender and data on race and ethnicity were
collected. Individuals were able to identify both their gender and their race more inclusively, by selecting
more than a single gender or race. Hispanic/Latine/a/o status, historically collected separately, is now
listed among the race categories. Given these changes, comparisons to prior years for gender and race are
not included in the report.
Age
Nearly all unaccompanied youth were between the ages of 18 and 24. Unaccompanied children (under
18), made up a larger share of the unsheltered population than the sheltered population for all
unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness (8% vs. 6%).
The overall increase in the
number of unaccompanied
youths experiencing
homelessness was driven by
increases in youth over the
age of 18. Unaccompanied
youth under the age of 18
decreased across shelter
statuses between 2023 and
2024. (see Appendix B).13
Gender
In 2024, six of every ten
unaccompanied youth
identified as men or boys
(60%) and 36 percent
identified as women or
girls. Compared to all
individuals, unaccompanied
youth were more likely to
identify as a gender outside
of singularly “men” or
“women” (4% vs. 2%).
13 This could be due to the greater vulnerability of the youth population, difficulty reaching these populations, increased fear
around accessing shelter programs, or difficulty in finding shelter programs specifically for youth.
Exhibit 4-3: Gender Identity of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing
Homelessness, 2024
Total
Unaccompanied
Youth
Sheltered
Unaccompanied
Youth
Unsheltered
Unaccompanied
Youth
13,607 35.6% 9,266 36.4% 4,341 34.1%
22,852 59.9% 15,089 59.3% 7,763 61.0%
551 1.4% 382 1.5% 169 1.3%
Questioning
82 0.2% 35 0.1% 47 0.4%
Specific Identity
50 0.1% 10 <0.01% 40 0.3%
80 0.2% 41 0.2% 39 0.3%
530 1.4% 362 1.4% 168 1.3%
Gender
418 1.1% 261 1.0% 157 1.2%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on gender were collected by both expanding
the categories and allowing for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and
reporting. See Appendix B for definitions of gender categories.
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The shelter status of
unaccompanied youth
varied considerably
within gender
categories.
Unaccompanied youth
experiencing
homelessness
identifying as
transgender had the
highest sheltered rate
(69%), followed
closely by those
identifying as a
women (68%), while
those identifying as a
having a culturally
specific gender
identity – though the
number was small – had the highest unsheltered rate (80%).14
Race and Ethnicity
Youth of color who are under the age of 25 are considerably overrepresented among individuals
experiencing homelessness. Black, African American, or African youth accounted for a higher share of
the sheltered population than the unsheltered population (36% vs. 25%). Most other racial groups made
up a higher share of the unsheltered population than they did the sheltered population.
14 People self-identify their gender when accessing shelter or when participating the unsheltered count. Some individuals may
identify their gender differently or not respond to this question due to shelter requirements or perceived biases, resulting in
underreporting of people identifying as a gender other than a man or woman.
Exhibit 4-4: Shelter Status within Gender Identities
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Exhibit 4-5: Race and Ethnicity of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Total Unaccompanied
Youth Unaccompanied Unaccompanied
38,170 100% 25,446 100% 12,724 100%
304 0.8% 169 0.7% 135 1.1%
968 2.5% 479 1.9% 489 3.8%
1,272 3.3% 648 2.6% 624 4.9%
48 0.1% 22 0.1% 26 0.2%
605 1.6% 270 1.1% 335 2.6%
653 1.7% 292 1.2% 361 2.8%
651 1.7% 493 1.9% 158 1.2%
11,762 30.8% 8,730 34.3% 3,032 23.8%
12,413 32.5% 9,223 36.2% 3,190 25.0%
11 <0.01% 2 <0.01% 9 0.1%
243 0.6% 196 0.8% 47 0.4%
254 0.6% 198 0.8% 56 0.5%
71 0.2% 35 0.1% 36 0.3%
312 0.8% 167 0.7% 145 1.1%
383 1.0% 202 0.8% 181 1.4%
2,674 7.0% 2,002 7.9% 672 5.3%
10,330 27.1% 5,744 22.6% 4,586 36.0%
13,004 34.1% 7,746 30.5% 5,258 41.3%
438 1.1% 242 1.0% 196 1.5%
1,482 3.9% 845 3.3% 637 5.0%
1,920 5.0% 1,087 4.3% 833 6.5%
8,271 21.7% 6,050 23.8% 2,221 17.5%
12,468 32.6% 9,015 35.5% 3,453 27.2%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on race and ethnicity were collected by both expanding the categories and allowing for
multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See Appendix B for more detail on the race and ethnicity of
people experiencing homelessness.
Sheltered status of unaccompanied youth varied considerably across race and ethnicity. Several groups
had unsheltered rates that were higher than the overall unaccompanied youth rate of 33 percent.
Unaccompanied youth identifying as Asian, Indigenous, or Native Hawaiian (either alone or also
Latina/e/o) had rates that exceeded the national rate. People identifying as Hispanic or Latina/e/o
generally had lower rates of unsheltered homelessness.
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Exhibit 4-6. Sheltered Status of Unaccompanied Youth by Race, 2024
55.6%
49.5%
45.8%
44.6%
75.7%
74.2%
18.2%
80.7%
49.3%
53.5%
74.9%
55.6%
55.3%
57.0%
73.1%
44.4%
50.5%
54.2%
55.4%
24.3%
25.8%
81.8%
19.3%
50.7%
46.5%
25.1%
44.4%
44.7%
43.0%
26.9%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
American Indian Alaska Native or Indigenous and…
American Indian Alaska Native or Indigenous Only
Asian or Asian American and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Asian or Asian American Only
Black African American or African and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Black African American or African Only
Middle Eastern or North African and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Middle Eastern or North African Only
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Only
White and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
White Only
Multi-Racial and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Multi-Racial All Other
Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only
Sheltered Unsheltered
WHEN THE OUTH OMELESSNESS EMONSTRATION
(YHDP)] GOT MORE INVOLVED,
DIFFERENT COUNTIES JOINING IN. WITH MORE VOLUNTEERS,
COVER MORE AREAS AND COUNT MORE ACCURATELY. SO,
PARTNERS AND PROGRAMS PARTICIPATED, ESPECIALLY WITH YHDP,
IN MORE VOLUNTEERS FROM MORE COUNTIES,
COUNT BETTER THIS YEAR
CoC in the Southeast
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4.2 State-Level Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
States with the largest number of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness in 2024 were
California and New York. In Wyoming, 20 percent of all individuals experiencing homelessness at a
point-in-time were unaccompanied youth – the highest rate in the country. Illinois and Minnesota were
second, with 16 percent. See Appendix A for more detailed, state-level information.
Exhibit 4-7: Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2024
The point-in-time counts are completed during the coldest time of year in the Unites States. Most of the
states with the highest rates of unsheltered youth homelessness are in warmer climates. In 2024, Arkansas
had the highest rate of unsheltered unaccompanied youth (66%) on a single night in January followed by
California and Oregon (60%).
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Exhibit 4-8: Percentages of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness Who Are
Unsheltered, 2024
Between 2023 and 2024, 33 states and the District of Columbia experienced increases in the number of
unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness. More states experienced increases in sheltered
unaccompanied youth (34 states and DC) than unsheltered unaccompanied youth (28 states and DC).
Exhibit 4-9: Largest Changes in Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness by State,
2023-2024
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Understanding Changes in the Number of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness
As a part of the PIT data submission and data quality review process, Continuums of Care (CoCs)
provided details on changes in homelessness locally. To help provide context for the findings from the
2024 PIT count, the authors of this report reviewed these details. This revealed that while experiences of
homelessness are increasing nationwide, there are distinct factors that impact local changes. This section
profiles two states with large changes in their PIT counts and the reasons for those changes reported by
the CoCs.
Illinois (IL)
Illinois has 19 CoCs, one major city (Chicago), three other largely urban CoCs, ten suburban CoCs,
and five largely rural CoCs. Between 2023 and 2024, Illinois had a 95 percent increase in the number
of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness (949 more unaccompanied youth). Ninety percent
of this increase was in Chicago. The Chicago CoC reported that an influx of new arrivals accounted
for most of this observed increase. According to the CoC, new arrivals (which included migrant and
asylum-seeking families) accounted for more than 1,050 sheltered unaccompanied youth in 2024
compared to just over 300 in 2023. All other CoCs in the state reported increases or decreases of less
than 20 unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness.
West Virginia (WV)
West Virginia is composed of 4 CoCs – one largely urban CoC, two rural CoCs, and one largely
suburban CoC. Between 2023 and 2024, West Virginia had a 29 percent decrease in the number of
unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness (43 fewer youth). While each CoC experienced a
decrease in the number of unaccompanied youth, the largest CoC in the state -- WV Balance of State -
- experienced the largest decrease. They noted that there were several new Youth Homelessness
Demonstration Program (YHDP) grantees in the state. YHDP grants provide communities resources to
develop a coordinated approach to ending youth homelessness, including connection to and provision
of permanent housing.
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4.3 CoC-Level Estimates of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
Continuums of Care (CoC) were Divided into Four Geographic Categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in
suburban areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10
miles of urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban
clusters that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have been adapted from definitions used by the US Department of Education’s National
Center for Education Statistics to characterize the locations of schools. For detailed information on how they
were applied to CoCs, see the About the Report section of this report.
More than half of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness were counted in one of the nation’s
50 largest cities. Suburban areas account for the next largest share, with 21 percent. There is some
variation by shelter status, with rural areas and suburban areas accounting for larger shares of unsheltered
unaccompanied youth and major cities accounting for a larger share of sheltered unaccompanied youth.15
Exhibit 4-10: Share of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness in each CoC Category
by Sheltered Status, 2024
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
15 The number of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness in rural areas may be higher than reported due to challenges
in completing the unsheltered PIT count in rural communities, especially rural Tribal nations.
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Exhibit 4-11: Number of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness by Geography Type,
2024
# CoCs Total Individuals
Sheltered
Individuals
Unsheltered
Individuals
Total 385 38,170 25,446 12,724
Major Cities 48 20,758 14,636 6,122
Other Urban CoCs 61 2,334 1,534 800
Suburban CoCs 165 8,083 5,027 3,056
Rural CoCs 111 6,995 4,249 2,746
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
The overall increase in unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness was largely driven by increases
in sheltered youth in major cities. All areas except for suburban areas experienced decreases in
unsheltered unaccompanied youth. In suburban areas the number increased by 15 percent.
Exhibit 4-12: Changes in the Number of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness, 2023-
2024
Change in Total
Unaccompanied Youth
Change in Sheltered
Unaccompanied Youth
Change in Unsheltered
Unaccompanied Youth
Total 3,467 10.0% 4,923 24.0% -1,456 -10.3%
Major Cities 2,609 14.4% 4,012 37.8% -1,403 -18.6%
Other Urban CoCs -169 -6.8% 14 0.9% -183 -18.6%
Suburban CoCs 781 10.7% 391 8.4% 390 14.6%
Rural CoCs 246 3.6% 506 13.5% -260 -8.6%
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
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5. Estimates of Veterans Experiencing
Homelessness in the United States
5.1 National Estimates of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness in the United
States
The estimates presented in this section reflect national data collected on the number of veterans
experiencing homelessness during a point-in-time (PIT) count that occurred during the last 10 days of
January 2024. The PIT count offers a snapshot of the number of veterans experiencing sheltered and
unsheltered homelessness on a single night. Sheltered veteran homelessness includes veterans who were
staying in emergency shelters (ES), transitional housing (TH) programs, or safe havens (SH) on the night
of the count. It does not include veterans living in housing supported by rapid rehousing (RRH) programs,
veterans living in permanent supportive (PH) housing, and veterans in other permanent housing programs
(OPH). (For more information on these programs, see Section 7).
The PIT count also includes the number of veterans experiencing unsheltered homelessness. The
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidance defines unsheltered homelessness as
staying in places not meant for human habitation such as sidewalks, abandoned buildings, bus stations,
and vehicles parked for long periods. Because of the difficulty of locating some of these situations and
differences in local capacity to conduct the unsheltered count, the actual number of veterans experiencing
unsheltered homelessness could be larger than reported.
The United States announced an end to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) public health emergency in May
2023, and the 2024 national PIT counts reflect a returning to post-pandemic shelter use. Many shelters
that had reduced shelter capacity through de-concentration (social distancing) efforts had gone back to
full capacity by the time of the 2024 count. The strengthening of safety net programs, income protections,
and eviction moratoria (bans) in-place during the pandemic, which helped to prevent some people from
entering into homelessness, had also expired. For all these reasons, comparisons to the pandemic years
should be made with caution.
Communities began reporting PIT data on veterans experiencing homelessness in 2009, and this report
uses 2009 as the baseline (starting) measure of veterans experiencing homelessness in the United States.
Veteran refers to any person who served on active duty in the armed forces of the United
States. This includes Reserves and National Guard members who were called up to active duty.
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Exhibit 5-1: PIT Estimates of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by Sheltered Status, 2009-2024
Note: The data for 2021 does not display the total count of veterans experiencing homelessness or the count of all veterans experiencing
unsheltered homelessness because of pandemic-related disruptions to counts. Also, estimates of the number of veterans experiencing
sheltered homelessness at a point in time in 2021 should be viewed with caution, as the number could be artificially (falsely) reduced compared
with non-pandemic times, reflecting reduced capacity in some communities and safety concerns regarding staying in shelters.
On a single night in January
2024, 32,882 veterans were
experiencing homelessness.
About six in every ten veterans
experiencing homelessness were
sheltered, and the other four in
ten were unsheltered.
Veterans made up five percent of
all adults experiencing
homelessness in the United
States. The share was the same
across sheltered status.
Exhibit 5-2: Proportion of Adults Experiencing Homelessness
Who are Veterans by Sheltered Status, 2024
Status All Veterans
Experiencing
Homelessness
All Adults
Experiencing
Homelessness
Percent of
Adults
Experiencing
Homelessness
Who Are
32,882 623,242 5.3%
Sheltered 19,031 360,097 5.3%
Unsheltered 13,851 263,145 5.3%
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Exhibit 5-3: Changes in the Number of Veterans Experiencing
Homelessness Over Time by Sheltered Status, 2009-2024
Overall, the number of
veterans experiencing
homelessness decreased by
8 percent between 2023 and
2024. This decrease in the
number of veterans
experiencing homelessness
was the same for the
sheltered and unsheltered
populations, however, the
percentage decline for
veterans experiencing
unsheltered homelessness
was larger, at 11 percent.
Demographic
Characteristics
In 2024, HUD made significant changes to the way the Point-in-Time count collected data on gender and
data on race and ethnicity. People were able to identify both their gender and their race more inclusively,
by selecting more than a single gender or race. Hispanic/Latine/a/o identity, historically collected
separately, is now listed among the race categories. Given these changes, numerical comparisons to prior
years (i.e., changes in the number of people experiencing homelessness) for gender and race are not
included in the report.
HANGE IN ERMANENT UPPORTIVE OUSING APACITY T
INTRODUCTION OF NEW PSH INITIATIVES,
VETERANS, CONTRIBUTED TO A 34%
COMPARED TO 2022 [FOR OUR COC]. W
AFFECT THE UNSHELTERED COUNT, THEIR IMPACT ON REDUCING …
HOMELESSNESS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY
CoC in the West
V ETE RANS
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Gender
Almost nine in
every ten
veterans
experiencing
homelessness
were men
(89%). Veterans
who identified
as women made
up a slightly
higher share of
veterans
experiencing
unsheltered
homelessness
than of veterans
experiencing
sheltered
homelessness
(12% vs 9%).
The shelter
status of
veterans
experiencing
homelessness
varied within
gender
categories.
Veterans
identifying as a
gender other
than woman or
man were less
likely to be
sheltered.16
16 This trend could be due to an increased vulnerability of this population. It is also possible that shelter requirements around
gender affect responses, resulting in underreporting of people identifying as other than a man or woman.
Exhibit 5-4: Gender Identity of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
All Veterans
Experiencing
Homelessness
Veterans
3,329 10.1% 1,661 8.7% 1,668 12.0%
29,189 88.8% 17,252 90.7% 11,937 86.2%
110 0.3% 51 0.3% 59 0.4%
Questioning 12 <0.1% 2 <0.1% 10 0.1%
Culturally
Specific Identity 26 0.1% 6 <0.1% 20 0.1%
Different
Identity 13 <0.1% 1 <0.1% 12 0.1%
Non-Binary
More Than One
Gender 98 0.3% 31 0.2% 67 0.5%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on gender were collected by both expanding the categories
and allowing for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See Appendix B for
definitions of gender categories.
Exhibit 5-5: Shelter Status within Gender Identities, 2024
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Race and Ethnicity
Exhibit 5-6: Race/Ethnicity of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
Race Experiencing
Homelessness
Veterans Veterans
32,882 100% 19,031 100% 13,851 100%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
139 0.4% 59 0.3% 80 0.6%
Only
898 2.7% 376 2.0% 522 3.8%
Indigenous, any ethnicity
1,037 3.1% 435 2.3% 602 4.4%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
14 <0.1% 5 <0.1% 9 0.1%
376 1.1% 152 0.8% 224 1.6%
390 1.1% 157 0.8% 233 1.7%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
298 0.9% 187 1.0% 111 0.8%
9,890 30.1% 6,746 35.4% 3,144 22.7%
10,188 31.0% 6,933 36.4% 3,255 23.5%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
4 <0.1% 0 <0.1% 4 <0.1%
53 0.2% 9 <0.1% 44 0.3%
57 0.2% 9 <0.1% 48 0.3%
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
32 0.1% 21 0.1% 11 0.1%
308 0.9% 120 0.6% 188 1.4%
ethnicity
340 1.0% 141 0.7% 199 1.5%
1,094 3.3% 775 4.1% 319 2.3%
16,034 48.8% 9,465 49.7% 6,569 47.4%
17,128 52.1% 10,240 53.8% 6,888 49.7%
248 0.8% 94 0.5% 154 1.1%
1,291 3.9% 485 2.5% 806 5.8%
1,539 4.7% 579 3.0% 960 6.9%
2,203 6.7% 537 2.8% 1,666 12.0%
4,032 12.3% 1,678 8.8% 2,354 17.0%
Note: In 2024, HUD changed the way data on race and ethnicity were collected by both expanding the categories and allowing
for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. See Appendix B for more detail on the race and
ethnicity of people experiencing homelessness.
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Across all veterans experiencing homelessness, about 49 percent identified as White (only), and 30
percent identified as Black, African American, or African (only). People who identified as
Hispanic/Latina/e/o, of any race, were more likely to be experiencing unsheltered homelessness, making
up 17 percent of unsheltered veterans compared to nine percent of sheltered veterans.
Based on the new categories, the race and ethnicity of veterans experiencing homelessness changed
slightly between 2023 and 2024, showing a reduction in the number of veterans who identified as White
(any ethnicity). This may reflect the addition of three new race/ethnicity categories: Middle Eastern or
North African Only, Middle Eastern or North African and Hispanic/Latina/e/o, and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
(only). In 2024, 2,260 veterans (7%) identified as one of the newly available racial/ethnic categories.
Exhibit 5-7: Shelter Status within Race and Ethnic Identities, 2024
Sheltered rates also varied considerably across the racial and ethnic identities of veterans experiencing
homelessness. Veterans who identified as White and Hispanic/Latina/e/o had the highest sheltered rate at
71 percent.
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5.2 Estimates of the Number of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by State
Exhibit 5-8: Percentage of All Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2024
California accounted for 28 percent of all veterans experiencing homelessness in the United States.
Florida and Texas had the next largest numbers of veterans experiencing homelessness.
Exhibit 5-9: Percentages of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness Who Are Unsheltered, 2024
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In five states, more than half of all veterans experiencing homelessness were sleeping in places not meant
for human habitation. These are California (69%), New Mexico (60%), Washington (59%), Oregon
(55%), and Hawaii (51%).
Between 2023 and 2024, 28 states and the District of Columbia experienced decreases in the number of
veterans experiencing homelessness. The largest percentage decline was in Wyoming (59% fewer
veterans experiencing homelessness) and the largest numeric decline was in California (1,279 fewer
veterans experiencing homelessness).
For information on how rates of homelessness have changed by state since 2009, please see Appendix B.
Exhibit 5-10: Changes in the Number of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2023-2024
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Understanding Changes in the Number of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness
As a part of the PIT data submission and data quality review process, Continuums of Care (CoCs)
provided details on changes in homelessness locally. To help provide context for the findings from the
2024 PIT count, the authors of this report reviewed these details. This revealed that while experiences of
homelessness are increasing nationwide, there are distinct factors that impact local changes. This section
profiles two states with large changes in their PIT counts and the reasons for those changes reported by
the CoCs.
Texas (TX)
Texas is composed of 11 CoCs. It has six major city CoCs (Austin, Dallas, El Paso, Fort Worth and
Arlington, Houston, and San Antonio), two other largely urban CoCs, and three largely rural CoCs.
Six percent of all veterans experiencing homelessness in the United States were in Texas. Between
2023 and 2024, Texas reported a 10 percent decrease in veteran homelessness (199 fewer veterans).
Many of the CoCs attributed this decrease to the Department of Veterans Affairs’ programs that place
veterans into permanent housing through the Veteran Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) and
Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) programs. Some Texas CoCs have added other
resources to the efforts to prevent veterans from entering homelessness or to resolve their
homelessness quickly.
Tennessee (TN)
Tennessee is composed of ten CoCs. Two are major city CoCs (Memphis and Nashville), one is in
another largely urban area, one is a largely suburban area, and the remaining six are largely rural.
Between 2023, and 2024, the number of veterans experiencing homelessness decreased by 25 percent
across the state (129 fewer veterans). Much of this decline was driven by one CoC, Chattanooga,
which experienced a 75 percent decline in veteran homelessness (110 fewer veterans). This CoC
attributed the decline to increased collaboration with the Department of Veterans Affairs. Through this
collaboration they were able to conduct case conferencing specifically for veterans experiencing
homelessness to expedite referrals to permanent housing.
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5.3 Estimates of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by CoC
Continuums of Care (CoC) were Divided into Four Geographic Categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in
suburban areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10
miles of urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban
clusters that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have
been adapted from definitions
used by the US Department of
Education’s National Center
for Education Statistics to
characterize the locations of
schools. For detailed
information on how they were
applied to CoCs, see the
About the Report section of
this report.
Forty-seven percent of all
veterans experiencing
homelessness were in one
of the nation’s 50 largest
cities. Suburban areas
accounted for the next largest
share, with 26 percent of all
veterans experiencing
homelessness.
There is some variation by
shelter status. Major cities
accounted for a larger share of
the unsheltered veteran
population, while suburban and
other largely urban areas
comprised a larger share of the
sheltered population.
Exhibit 5-12: Number of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by
Geographic Category and Sheltered Status, 2024
#
CoCs
Experiencing
Homelessness
Sheltered
Veterans
Unsheltered
Veterans
Total 32,882 19,031 13,851
Major Cities
Suburban CoCs
Exhibit 5-11: Share of All Veterans Experiencing Homelessness in each
CoC Category by Sheltered Status, 2024
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Within the different geographies, largely rural CoCs have the largest share of veterans experiencing
unsheltered homelessness, with 44 percent of all veterans experiencing homelessness in rural areas being
unsheltered.
Between 2023 and 2024,
CoCs that contained one of
the nation’s largest cities
experienced the largest
numerical (i.e., change in
the overall number) and
percentage decrease in
veteran homelessness
(1,678 fewer veterans or a
decline of 10%). This
overall decline was driven
by reductions in unsheltered
veteran homelessness,
which declined by 17
percent. Largely suburban
CoCs were the only
geographic area to
experience an increase in
unsheltered veteran homelessness, with an increase of four percent between 2023 and 2024.
Exhibit 5-13: Change in Homelessness by Sheltered Status and CoC
Category, 2023-2024
All Veterans
Experiencing
Homelessness
Sheltered
Veterans
Unsheltered
Veterans
Major Cities
Urban CoCs
CoCs
CoCs
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
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6. Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic
Patterns of Homelessness
6.1 National Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
The estimates presented in this section reflect national data collected on the number of individuals
experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness, experiencing homelessness during a single point-in-time
(PIT) count that occurred during the last 10 days in January 2024. The PIT count offers a snapshot of the
number of people experiencing sheltered and unsheltered homelessness. Sheltered chronic homelessness
consists of individuals staying in emergency shelters (ES) or safe havens (SH) on the night of the count. It
does not include people living in transitional housing (TH), housing supported by rapid rehousing (RRH)
programs, people in permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs, or people in other permanent
housing programs (OPH). (For more information on these programs, see Section 7).
The PIT count also includes the number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness. The
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidance defines unsheltered homelessness as
sleeping in places not meant for human habitation such as sidewalks, abandoned buildings, bus stations,
and vehicles parked for long periods. Because of the difficulty of locating people in some of these
situations and differences in local capacity to conduct the unsheltered count, the actual number of people
experiencing unsheltered homelessness could be larger than reported.
The United States announced an end to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) public health emergency in May
2023, and the 2024 national PIT counts reflect a returning to post-pandemic shelter use. Many shelters
that had reduced shelter capacity through de-concentration (social distancing) efforts had gone back to
full capacity by the time of the 2024 count. The strengthening of safety net programs, income protections,
and eviction moratoria (bans) in-place during the pandemic, which helped to prevent some people from
entering into homelessness, had also expired. For all these reasons, comparisons to the pandemic years
should be made with caution.
In January of 2024, 152,585 individuals who experienced chronic patterns of homelessness, experienced
homelessness on a single night in the United States. This represents the largest number of individuals who
experienced chronic homelessness since data collection began. About two-thirds stayed in unsheltered
locations and one-third in sheltered locations. This section provides information on individuals who
experienced chronic homelessness at a single point in time. See Appendix B for detailed tables supporting
the exhibits in this chapter.
Individual Experiencing Chronic Homelessness
has been continuously experiencing homelessness for one year or more or has experienced at
least four episodes of homelessness in the last three years where the combined length of time
experiencing homelessness on those occasions is at least 12 months.
CHRO NI C P ATTE RNS O F HO ME LE SSNE SS
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Exhibit 6-1: PIT Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness
Note: The exhibit does not display the total count of individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness in 2021 or the count of unsheltered
individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness because of pandemic-related disruptions to counts. Estimates of the number of
sheltered individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness at a point in time in 2021 should also be viewed with caution, as the number
could be artificially (falsely) reduced compared with non-pandemic times, reflecting reduced capacity in some communities and safety concerns
regarding staying in shelters.
In 2024, 30 percent of
all individuals who
experienced
homelessness had
chronic patterns of
homelessness. The
share of all individuals
experiencing
homelessness with
chronic patterns has
varied between 2007
and 2024, hitting a low
Exhibit 6-2. Share of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness, 2007-2024
CHRO NI C P ATTE RNS O F HO ME LE SSNE SS
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of 22 percent in 2018
and a high of 31
percent in 2023.
The number of
individuals
experiencing
homelessness who
have experienced
chronic patterns of
homelessness has
increased steadily over
the last several years.
Increases in
individuals
experiencing chronic
patterns of
homelessness persisted
through the pandemic,
while other
populations declined.
The number of
individuals
experiencing chronic
homelessness in 2024 was 27 percent higher than in 2007.
The most recent change, between 2023 and 2024, was a 7 percent increase in the number of individuals
experiencing chronic homelessness across the country. Similar increases were observed across both
sheltered populations (a 6% increase) and unsheltered populations (a 7% increase).
Compared to 2020 – just before the start of the Covid-19 pandemic – experiences of chronic
homelessness have increased by 38 percent.
[OUR COMMUNITY S COMMITMENT TO OUSING
CREATION OF SIGNIFICANT NEW PSH FOR THE HIGHEST-NEEDS CLIENTS IN [
AREA], INCLUDING PSH FOR FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN,
CHRONIC AND FAMILY HOMELESSNESS. [OUR COMMUNITY] ALSO USES THE BY-
NUMBER OF HOMELESS VETERANS, FAMILIES, TRANSITION AGE YOUTH, AND [
WITH] CHRONIC [PATTERNS OF HOMELESSNESS].
CoC in the South
Exhibit 6-3: Change in the Number of Individuals Experiencing Chronic
Patterns of Homelessness, 2007-2024
CHRO NI C P ATTE RNS O F HO ME LE SSNE SS
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6.2 State-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
States with the largest number of individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness in 2024 were
California and Washington. California alone accounted for 44 percent of all individuals who experienced
chronic homelessness in the country. In Washinton, 49 percent of all individuals had experienced chronic
patterns of homelessness – the highest rate in the country. Rhode Island is second, with 48 percent. See
Appendix A for more detailed, state-level information.
Exhibit 6-4: Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness by State,
2024
The point-in-time counts are conducted during the coldest time of year in the Unites States. Most of the
states with the highest rates of unsheltered homelessness on a single night in January are in warmer
climates (e.g., Mississippi, Hawaii, New Mexico, Alabama, and California). Other factors, such as
policies related to access to shelter, shelter capacity, and strength of coordinated entry (CE) in
Continuums of Care (CoCs) across the state may affect the unsheltered rate.
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Exhibit 6-5: Percentages of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness Who
Were Unsheltered, 2024
Between 2023 and 2024, 35 states and the District of Columbia experienced increases in the number of
individuals who experienced chronic patterns of homelessness. The largest numeric increase occurred in
Washington (4,295) while the largest percentage increase was observed in Vermont (190%).
Exhibit 6-6: Changes in the Number of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness by State, 2023-2024
CHRO NI C P ATTE RNS O F HO ME LE SSNE SS
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Understanding Changes in the Number of People Who Experienced Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
As a part of the PIT data submission and data quality review process, Continuums of Care (CoCs)
provided details on changes in homelessness locally. To help provide context for the findings from the
2024 PIT count, the authors of this report reviewed these details. This revealed that while experiences of
homelessness are increasing nationwide, there are distinct factors that impact local changes. This section
profiles one state with large changes in their PIT count and the reasons for those changes reported by the
CoCs.
Washington (WA)
Washington is composed of six CoCs, one major city (Seattle), one other largely urban CoC, three
largely suburban CoCs, and one geographically large, rural CoC. Between 2023 and 2024, Washington
reported a 56 percent increase in the number of individuals experiencing chronic patterns of
homelessness (4,295 more individuals). CoCs that saw large increases in the number of people
experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness attributed the increase to a lack of affordable housing.
CoCs noted that housing costs continue to rise across Washington, leading to higher rates of
homelessness overall. Another factor that increased the count was associated with outreach efforts to
identify people in encampments and move them into temporary shelter. This resulted in identifying
more people staying in encampments as having chronic patterns of homelessness.
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6.3 CoC-Level Estimates of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
Continuums of Care (CoC) were Divided into Four Geographic Categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in
suburban areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10
miles of urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban
clusters that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have been adapted from definitions used by the US Department of Education’s National
Center for Education Statistics to characterize the locations of schools. For detailed information on how they
were applied to CoCs, see the About the Report section of this report.
Just over 56 percent of individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness were counted in one of
the nation’s 50 largest cities. Suburban areas account for the next largest share, with 22 percent. There is
some variation by shelter status, with major cities and rural areas accounting for larger shares of
unsheltered individuals.
Exhibit 6-7. Share of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness in each CoC
Category by Sheltered Status, 2024
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
Nationally, 30 percent of all individuals experiencing homelessness experienced chronic patterns of
homelessness. Urban areas – including both major cities and other urban areas – had higher rates of
individuals experiencing chronic homelessness than either rural or suburban CoCs.
CHRO NI C P ATTE RNS O F HO ME LE SSNE SS
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Exhibit 6-8: Percent of Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness by Geographic
Category, 2024
Total Individuals Experiencing Experienced Chronic Patterns of
Major Cities 85,787 32.5%
Other Urban CoCs 11,019 31.2%
Suburban CoCs 34,003 28.0%
Rural CoCs 21,776 23.8%
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
While overall chronic homelessness increased by 7 percent across the country, largely suburban CoCs and
largely rural CoCs experienced large increases in both the numbers and the percentages of individuals
who experienced chronic patterns of homelessness. These increases were largely among people
experiencing unsheltered homelessness. In contrast, major cities experienced the largest increases in
sheltered individuals experiencing chronic patterns of homelessness.
Exhibit 6-9: Changes in Individuals Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness by
Geographic Category, 2023-2024 Change in Total Number of
Individuals Experiencing
Chronic Patterns of
Individuals Experiencing
Chronic Patterns of
Individuals Experiencing
Chronic Patterns of
Total 9,480 6.6% 2,883 5.8% 6,597 7.1%
Major Cities 3,509 4.3% 1,982 7.6% 1,527 2.7%
Other Urban CoCs 161 1.5% 119 2.4% 42 0.7%
Suburban CoCs 3,354 10.9% 958 8.2% 2,396 12.7%
Rural CoCs 2,456 12.7% -176 -2.5% 2,632 21.6%
Note: Prior years data did not include U.S. territories.
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7. National Inventory of Beds for People Currently
Experiencing Homelessness and People
Transitioning Out of Homelessness
Exhibit 7-1: Project Types for People Currently Experiencing Homelessness and People
Transitioning Out of Homelessness
7.1 Types of Programs in the National Inventory
Communities across the country submit data each year on their residential programs for people
experiencing homelessness and their programs that help people end their experiences of
homelessness and move into housing. The two basic types of programs are shelter programs for
people experiencing homelessness and housing programs for people who formerly experienced
homelessness. Communities report the number of beds that are available for both types of
programs at the same time each January when they conduct Point-in-Time (PIT) counts. The
national inventory is the total number of beds in all communities, as reported through the
housing inventory count (HIC).
1) Shelter is intended to serve people currently experiencing homelessness and is made up
of two main types of programs, emergency shelters (ES) and transitional housing
programs (TH). By design, ES is shorter-term and provides less intensive services than
Shelter for People Experiencing Homelessness
•Emergency Shelter (ES): provides temporary or
nightly shelter beds to people experiencing
homelessness
•Transitional Housing (TH): provides people
experiencing homelessness a place to stay
combined with supportive services for up to
24 months
•Safe Havens (SH): provides private or semi-
private temporary shelter and services to people
with severe mental illness and are limited to
serving no more than 25 people within a facility
Permanent Housing for People Transitioning Out
of Homelessness
•Rapid Rehousing (RRH): a housing model
designed to provide temporary housing assistance
to people experiencing homelessness, moving
them quickly out of homelessness and into
permanent housing
•Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH):a housing
model designed to provide housing assistance
(project-and tenant-based) and supportive
services on a long-term basis to people who were
experiencing homelessness when they entered
the program and are now considered as having
formerly experienced homelessness. HUD’s
Continuum of Care program, authorized by the
McKinney-Vento Act, funds PSH and requires that
the client have a disability to be eligible.
•Other Permanent Housing (OPH): a housing
model with or without services that is designed
specifically for people who formerly experienced
homelessness. OPH does not have a disability
requirement.
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TH.17 Shelter also includes a small number of programs, called safe havens (SH), for
individuals who have been identified as having higher needs such as severe mental
illness. The sheltered data only reports on beds that are available during the entire year.
While the HIC includes information on beds available during severe weather events
(storms, fires, extreme cold), during seasonal timeframes (open only during specific
weeks or months), and beds made available when the number of people seeking shelter
exceeds capacity (overflow beds), the focus of this analysis is on the year-round
inventory. This information reflects the planned capacity communities rely on to meet the
current needs of people experiencing homelessness.
2) Permanent housing is intended to serve people who were experiencing homelessness at
the time they were enrolled in a permanent housing program. Once the program helps a
household (an individual or family) find a housing unit, that housing is considered
permanent in the sense that the household has a lease (or similar agreement) and may be
able to stay in the same housing unit long-term. This category includes rapid rehousing
(RRH), a short-term subsidy in a housing unit in which the individual or family may be
able to remain after the subsidy ends; permanent supportive housing (PSH), housing with
a long-term subsidy and supportive services for people with disabilities; and other
permanent housing (OPH), which also is intended
for people transitioning out of experiencing
homelessness but is not restricted to people with
disabilities. The information on permanent
housing shows the planned capacity of
communities to use these programs to help people
no longer experience homelessness. Only
programs considered by the Continuum of Care
(CoC) to be part of the homelessness services
system are included in the HIC as OPH.
Communities may use other programs to help
people transition out of experiencing
homelessness.18
17 Some transitional housing programs provide housing in which the individual or family may be able to stay after the transitional
period with intensive services ending (sometimes called “transition-in-place”), and some emergency shelters have intensive
services. Communities decide how to categorize their programs when reporting data to HUD.
18 Additional programs or housing supports may house people experiencing homelessness or transitioning out of homelessness.
However, to be included on the HIC, the beds and units must be dedicated to serving persons experiencing homelessness, or
for permanent housing projects, dedicated for persons who were experiencing homelessness at entry. Beds in institutional
settings not specifically dedicated for persons who are experiencing homelessness, including detox facilities, emergency
rooms, jails, and acute crisis or treatment centers are not included in the HIC.
Data on People Living in
Permanent Housing
People living in permanent
housing programs are not
included in the PIT count.
However, information on the
number of people served in rapid
rehousing and permanent
supportive housing programs
over the course of a year can be
found in the AHAR Part 2.
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Exhibit 7-2: Distribution of the National Bed Inventory by Program
Type, 2024
A total of 1,190,565 year-
round beds in communities
across the nation were
dedicated to serving people
who are currently experiencing
homelessness (43% of
inventory) or transitioning out
of homelessness (57% of
inventory).
Note: A small percentage of safe haven beds (0.2%) are in the national inventory but are
not included in the exhibit.
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Exhibit 7-3: Inventory of Beds in Shelters and Permanent Housing, 2007-2024
Note: The small share of Safe Haven beds (0.2%) is not included in this exhibit.
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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes to the national inventory. At the time of the
2021 HIC, precautions taken to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus resulted in considerable changes
to the capacity of homelessness service providers. Shortly after the onset of the pandemic, Congress
appropriated significant funding to support additional inventory (see the box at the end of this chapter for
more information).
Exhibit 7-4: Changes in the Inventory of Beds in Shelters and Permanent Housing, 2007-2024
The total national inventory for people experiencing homelessness (i.e., the emergency shelter,
transitional housing, and safe havens inventory) has increased by about 87,000 beds since 2007. This
change was driven by increases in the number of emergency shelter beds (210,522 more beds) that
exceeded declines in transitional housing beds (125,720 fewer beds) over the same time period.
Between 2020—the last pre-pandemic housing inventory count—and 2024, the number of available beds
for people experiencing homelessness increased by 29 percent (113,561 more beds).
VEN IF ALL OF THE AND
OF THE COUNT,
BEDS AVAILABLE TO HOST EVERYONE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS. D
HOUSING, THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASE IN FOLKS EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS
UNSHELTERED HOMELESSNESS AS WELL”
CoC in the Midwest
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Beds Dedicated to Veterans, Youth, and People Experiencing Chronic Patterns of Homelessness
Exhibit 7-5: Inventory of Year-Round Beds for Special Populations, 2024
Bed Type
Total
Beds
Experiencing
Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
Beds for
Veterans
Beds for
Youth
Emergency Shelter 421,973
N/A Transitional Housing 85,485 11,037 12.9% 9,976 11.7%
2,252 1,343 59.6% 10 0.4%
Rapid Rehousing 146,652 22,828 15.6% 8,228 5.6%
Housing
397,241 160,475 40.4% 109,891 27.7% 4,971 1.3%
Other Permanent
Housing
136,962
N/A
Total Beds 1,190,565 160,475 13.5% 152,643 12.8% 33,879 2.8%
Note: Only PSH programs funded by HUD can report dedicated beds for people experiencing chronic patterns of
homelessness on the HIC. According to the Fiscal Year 2024 HMIS data standards, “a dedicated bed is a bed that must be
filled by a person in the subpopulation category (or a member of their household) unless there are no persons from the
subpopulation who qualify for the project located within the geographic area.” Beds can be dedicated to more than one
population, for example, a bed may be dedicated to veterans experiencing chronic homelessness. For more information,
see pages 40-41 of the HMIS Data Standards Manual: https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/HMIS-Data-
Standards-Manual-2024.pdf
Thirteen percent of all beds in the national inventory (152,643 beds) were dedicated to veterans
experiencing homelessness and their family members. Housing types with the most beds dedicated to
veterans experiencing homelessness were safe havens (60% of all safe haven beds) followed by PSH
(28% of all PSH beds).
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Exhibit 7-6: Inventory of PSH Beds for People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness, 2007-2024
Year Number of Beds
2007 37,807
2008 42,298
2009 50,602
2010 55,256
2011 67,964
2012 74,693
2013 81,666
2014 94,282
2015 95,066
2016 111,390
2017 149,005
2018 168,503
2019 181,505
2020 179,569
2021 173,457
2022 178,545
2023 178,681
2024 160,475
Experiencing Chronic
Homelessness
-18,206 -10.1% 122,668 324.5%
CoCs reported a slight decline in the number of PSH beds for people who experience chronic patterns of
homelessness between 2023 and 2024 (a decline of 18,206 beds). Despite this, the PSH inventory has
increased over three-fold (325%) since 2007.
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7.2 Beds by CoC Category, 2024
Continuums of Care (CoC) were divided into four geographic categories
(1) Major city CoCs (n=48) are CoCs that contain one of the 50 largest cities in the United States. In
two cases, Phoenix and Mesa, AZ, and Arlington and Fort Worth, TX, two of the largest US cities
are located in the same CoC.
(2) Other largely urban CoCs (n=61) are CoCs in which the population lives predominately in an
urbanized area within the CoC’s principal city or cities, but the CoCs does not include one of the
nation’s 50 largest cities.
(3) Largely suburban CoCs (n=165) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in
suburban areas, defined as urbanized areas outside of a principal city or urban clusters within 10
miles of urbanized areas.
(4) Largely rural CoCs (n=111) are CoCs in which the population lives predominantly in urban
clusters that are more than 10 miles from an urbanized area or in Census-defined rural areas.
Note: These definitions have been adapted from definitions used by the US Department of Education’s National
Center for Education Statistics to characterize the locations of schools. For detailed information on how they were
applied to CoCs, see the About the Report section of this report.
Exhibit 7-7: Inventory of Year-Round Beds by Program Type and CoC Category, 2024*
*Excludes safe haven inventory, which accounts for between 0.1% and 0.3% of beds across the four CoC categories.
In rural CoCs, the split of inventory for people currently experiencing homelessness and people
transitioning out of homelessness is roughly even (49% vs 51%). Other largely urban CoCs have
significantly more bed inventory for people transitioning out of homelessness than for people currently
experiencing homelessness (63% vs 37%).
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Context for Changes in the National Inventory, 2021-2024
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and
Economic Security Act (CARES Act) in March 2020. As part of the CARES Act, Congress appropriated $4
billion to the Emergency Solutions Grants - Coronavirus (ESG-CV) program to help communities support
additional homeless assistance and prevention activities. ESG recipients could use ESG-CV funds for
additional sponsor-based rental assistance, hotel or motel costs for people experiencing homelessness, and
temporary emergency shelters. HUD required that at least 50 percent of funds be drawn by June 2022 and all
ESG-CV funds be fully spent by the end of 2023 (with the exception of reallocated funds, which could be
spent through June 2024). As such, the impact of ESG-CV funds on bed inventory was greatest in 2021 and
2022. The share of the total inventory for people currently experiencing homelessness that was funded using
ESG-CV funds increased from 14 percent in 2021 to 19 percent in 2022 but declined to 8 percent in 2023 and
just 3 percent in 2024 as ESG recipients spent down remaining ESG-CV funds in anticipation of the spending
deadline. ESG-CV funds were also used to support an increase in the rapid re-housing inventory. In 2021, 10
percent of all rapid re-housing was funded using ESG-CV funds, and by 2022 this had peaked at 34 percent.
However, by 2023, the share of rapid rehousing funded by ESG-CV went back down to 10 percent, and by
2024 it was just 1 percent.
In March 2021, Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) which included $1.1 billion in
funding to support Emergency Housing Vouchers (EHV). EHVs are used to provide housing support to people
experiencing homelessness or at risk of homelessness. The HIC captures data on OPH and PSH that was
supported using EHV funds. CoCs mainly recorded EHV in the HIC as additional OPH inventory. At the time
of the 2022 HIC, 34 percent of all OPH and one percent of PSH inventory was supported by EHV funding. In
2023 and 2024, this reached 44 percent for OPH and declined to under one percent for PSH, in accordance
with HUD guidance on how to record EHV in the HIC.
Exhibit 7-8: Inventory of Beds Funded by Coronavirus Relief-Related Funding, 2021-2023 2021 2022 2023 2024
Bed
Inventory
(#)
ESG-
CV
(%)
(#)
CV
(%)
EHV
Funded
(%)
Bed
Inventory
(#)
CV
(%)
(%) (#)
CV
Funded
(%)
Funded
(%)
396,466 14% 418,642 19% 449,567 8% 509,710 3%
RRH
Inventory 137,206 10% 149,866 34% 144,765 10% 146,652 1%
53,856 90,098 34% 122,227 44% 136,962 44%
PSH
Inventory 376,709 387,305 1% 395,986 0.5% 397,241 0.8%
Note: ESG-CV funding is only available for ES and RRH inventory and was in use by the time of the 2021 HIC. EHV funding can be used to
support OPH and PSH housing and was in use by the time of the 2022 HIC. Inventory included is limited to year-round, current inventory.
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Appendix A: State -Level Data
State Al
l
P
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p
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x
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Ho
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n
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s
,
2
0
2
4
20
2
4
20
2
4
20
2
4
20
2
4
Alabama
4,601 39.3% -15.6% 2,698 58.6% 1,903 41.4% 9 3,430 1,171 182 291 533
Alaska
2,686 2.8% 63.6% 479 17.8% 2,207 82.2% 37 2,019 667 197 106 781
Arizona
14,737 3.5% 0.6% 7,291 49.5% 7,446 50.5% 20 11,640 3,097 821 994 774
Arkansas
2,783 6.7% -27.5% 1,334 47.9% 1,449 52.1% 9 2,035 748 125 226 3,497
California
187,084 3.1% 34.6% 123,974 66.3% 63,110 33.7% 48 161,445 25,639 9,052 9,310 66,548
Colorado
18,715 29.6% 31.6% 4,791 25.6% 13,924 74.4% 32 10,196 8,519 591 978 4,059
Connecticut
3,410 13.1% -23.9% 574 16.8% 2,836 83.2% 9 2,302 1,108 174 174 81
Delaware
1,358 9.1% 28.0% 238 17.5% 1,120 82.5% 13 803 555 29 89 1,386
District of
Columbia
5,616 14.1% 5.6% 900 16.0% 4,716 84.0% 83 3,960 1,656 420 213 224
Florida
31,362 2.0% -34.8% 16,868 53.8% 14,494 46.2% 14 23,799 7,563 1,367 2,333 6,100
Georgia
12,290 0.0% -37.4% 6,673 54.3% 5,617 45.7% 11 9,562 2,728 578 646 1,633
Hawaii
11,637 87.0% 91.7% 4,042 34.7% 7,595 65.3% 81 7,145 4,492 351 283 1,567
Idaho
2,750 19.7% 57.2% 1,374 50.0% 1,376 50.0% 14 1,631 1,119 88 209 531
Illinois
25,832 116.2% 66.8% 2,664 10.3% 23,168 89.7% 21 12,310 13,522 1,947 559 381
AP PE NDIX A
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State Al
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,
2
0
2
4
20
2
4
20
2
4
20
2
4
20
2
4
Indiana
6,285 4.5% -14.6% 1,477 23.5% 4,808 76.5% 9 4,584 1,701 273 422 1,884
Iowa
2,631 -0.8% -3.8% 464 17.6% 2,167 82.4% 8 1,903 728 137 135 598
Kansas
2,793 6.0% 32.3% 904 32.4% 1,889 67.6% 9 2,109 684 156 211 764
Kentucky
5,231 9.8% -35.1% 1,716 32.8% 3,515 67.2% 12 4,105 1,126 290 391 987
Louisiana 3,469 9.5% -36.9% 1,558 44.9% 1,911 55.1% 8 2,861 608 205 223 446
Minnesota 9,201 9.6% 25.6% 2,084 22.6% 7,117 77.4% 16 5,013 4,188 782 299 1,707
Nevada 10,106 16.6% 16.9% 4,914 48.6% 5,192 51.4% 32 8,404 1,702 545 644 102
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State Al
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2
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2
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20
2
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20
2
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20
2
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20
2
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New Hampshire
2,245 -8.0% -0.1% 579 25.8% 1,666 74.2% 16 1,516 729 118 128 645
New Jersey
12,762 24.3% -26.3% 1,767 13.8% 10,995 86.2% 14 8,194 4,568 515 521 575
New Mexico
4,631 20.5% 53.6% 2,242 48.4% 2,389 51.6% 22 3,744 887 207 298 1,846
New York
158,019 53.1% 152.4% 5,638 3.6% 152,381 96.4% 81 62,562 95,457 7,671 1,180 1,700
North Carolina 11,626 19.2% -1.5% 4,523 38.9% 7,103 61.1% 11 8,396 3,230 524 688 3,093
Pennsylvania 14,088 12.2% -13.1% 2,635 18.7% 11,453 81.3% 11 9,524 4,564 690 719 2,140
Texas 27,987 2.2% -29.7% 12,339 44.1% 15,648 55.9% 9 21,648 6,339 1,355 1,837 5,028
AP PE NDIX A
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State Al
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2
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2
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2
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20
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Utah
3,869 4.9% 28.5% 1,008 26.1% 2,861 73.9% 11 2,923 946 240 121 869
Vermont
3,458 4.9% 234.1% 167 4.8% 3,291 95.2% 53 2,153 1,305 131 108 918
Virginia
7,141 5.6% -26.7% 1,581 22.1% 5,560 77.9% 8 4,665 2,476 309 389 640
Washington
31,554 12.5% 35.0% 16,222 51.4% 15,332 48.6% 40 24,320 7,234 1,723 1,780 11,986
West Virginia 1,779 25.6% -26.2% 788 44.3% 991 55.7% 10 1,592 187 108 132 603
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Appendix B: Additional Data on People Experiencing
Homelessness in 2024
Changes to the 2024 PIT Demographic Reporting Options.
In 2024, HUD changed the way data on race, ethnicity, and gender were collected by both expanding the
categories and allowing for multiple sections, creating more inclusive identification and reporting. These
updates in reporting options aligned with updates made to the FY2024 HMIS Data Standards.
Updates to Race and Ethnicity Reporting:
HUD combined the race and ethnicity options into a single element that allowed people to select one or
more race and ethnic identities from the list below.
1) American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous
2) Asian or Asian American
3) Black, African American, or African
4) Hispanic/Latina/e/o
5) Middle Eastern or North African
6) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
7) White
When reporting race and ethnicity for the PIT Count, CoCs were required to report race and ethnicity
using the following categories. Under these categories, people were only included in a single
race/ethnicity if the person identified with only one race/ethnicity identity (e.g., Black, African American,
or African). Selecting the multi-racial reporting option indicates that the person identified with more than
one race.
1) American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous
2) American Indian, Alaska Native, or Indigenous & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
3) Asian or Asian American
4) Asian or Asian American & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
5) Black, African American, or African
6) Black, African American, or African & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
7) Hispanic/Latina/e/o
8) Middle Eastern or North African
9) Middle Eastern or North African & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
10) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
11) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
12) White
13) White & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
14) Multi-Racial & Hispanic/Latina/e/o
15) Multi-Racial (not Hispanic/Latina/e/o)
Updates to Gender Reporting
Following the updates made to the FY2024 HMIS Data Standards, the gender response options were also
updated to allow for the following response options:
1) Woman (Girl if child)
2) Man (Boy if child)
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3) Culturally Specific Identity (e.g., Two-Spirit)
4) Transgender
5) Non-Binary
6) Questioning
7) Different Identity
When reporting gender for the PIT Count, people could select as many response options as applied to
their gender identity. When reporting for the PIT count, CoCs were required to report genders based on
the following categories. Under these categories, people were only included in a single gender if the
person identified with only one gender identity (e.g., Transgender). More than one gender means that the
person identified with more than one gender.
1) Woman (Girl if child)
2) Man (Boy if child)
3) Culturally Specific Identity (e.g., Two-Spirit)
4) Transgender
5) Non-Binary
6) Questioning
7) Different Identity
8) More Than One Gender
AP PE NDIX B
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B-1: Additional Data on All People Experiencing Homelessness
Exhibit B1-1: Demographic Characteristics of People Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
All People Experiencing
Homelessness Experiencing Experiencing
771,480 100% 497,256 100% 274,224 100%
Under 18
18 to 24
25-34 146,859 19.0% 95,216 19.1% 51,643 18.8%
153,849 19.9% 84,122 16.9% 69,727 25.4%
45-54 118,740 15.4% 58,215 11.7% 60,525 22.1%
104,007 13.5% 54,989 11.1% 49,018 17.9%
42,147 5.5% 24,323 4.9% 17,824 6.5%
302,660 39.2% 218,628 44.0% 84,032 30.6%
459,568 59.6% 274,680 55.2% 184,888 67.4%
2,561 0.3% 1,501 0.3% 1,060 0.4%
383 0.0% 74 0.0% 309 0.1%
324 0.0% 71 0.0% 253 0.1%
720 0.1% 174 0.0% 546 0.2%
1,977 0.3% 1,001 0.2% 976 0.4%
3,287 0.4% 1,127 0.2% 2,160 0.8%
Native or Indigenous and
4,272 0.6% 2,758 0.6% 1,514 0.6%
16,894 2.2% 8,074 1.6% 8,820 3.2%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
793 0.1% 409 0.1% 384 0.1%
10,401 1.3% 6,315 1.3% 4,086 1.5%
African and
15,967 2.1% 13,680 2.8% 2,287 0.8%
227,769 29.5% 168,206 33.8% 59,563 21.7%
African and
499 0.1% 402 0.1% 97 0.0%
1,513 0.2% 881 0.2% 632 0.2%
AP PE NDIX B
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All People Experiencing
Homelessness Experiencing Experiencing
Islander and
1,071 0.1% 703 0.1% 368 0.1%
10,312 1.3% 5,865 1.2% 4,447 1.6%
51,376 6.7% 40,487 8.1% 10,889 4.0%
244,280 31.7% 125,971 25.3% 118,309 43.1%
6,841 0.9% 3,991 0.8% 2,850 1.0%
24,346 3.2% 13,088 2.6% 11,258 4.1%
155,146 20.1% 106,426 21.4% 48,720 17.8%
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. The data for all people experiencing homelessness and people experiencing unsheltered homelessness includes
extrapolated (estimated) race/ethnicity data for 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2024 and thus did not have
these new race/ethnicity categories.
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Exhibit B1-2: Changes in the Demographic Characteristics of People Experiencing Homelessness,
2023-2024
Change in All People Change in Sheltered
People
Change in Unsheltered
People
# % # % # %
Total
Age
Under 18
18 to 24 10,204 21.5% 10,570 32.4% -366 -2.5%
27,977 23.5% 25,081 35.8% 2,896 5.9%
23,462 18.0% 17,587 26.4% 5,875 9.2%
12,050 11.3% 6,590 12.8% 5,460 9.9%
5,614 5.7% 2,936 5.6% 2,678 5.8%
2,451 6.2% 1,911 8.5% 540 3.1%
52,651 21.1% 45,773 26.5% 6,878 8.9%
64,408 16.3% 54,410 24.7% 9,998 5.7%
-1,526 -37.3% -394 -20.8% -1,132 -51.6%
-376 -49.5% -189 -71.9% -187 -37.7%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
-1,112 -36.0% -210 -17.3% -902 -48.0%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
56,629 31.6% 56,418 50.2% 211 0.3%
61,747 13.0% 44,344 15.6% 17,403 9.2%
or Indigenous
-1,950 -8.4% 358 3.4% -2,308 -18.3%
-380 -3.3% 2,276 51.2% -2,656 -37.3%
112 0.0% 5,561 3.2% -5,449 -8.1%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
671 6.3% 2,054 45.5% -1,383 -22.3%
-29,198 -9.0% -12,324 -6.9% -16,874 -11.6%
-8,037 -20.5% -4,872 -22.2% -3,165 -18.3%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. Since these categories were not collected in prior years, changes over time cannot be reported for all categories.
Furthermore, some changes in gender and race may appear as artificial decreases because of these new reporting categories. For
example, the declines in the number of people who identified as transgender, gender questioning, or non-binary in 2024 could be
due to people reporting under one of the new gender categories that could not be included in the change over time calculations in
this chart. Similarly, in 2023, people were required to identify as at least one race and one ethnicity. In 2024, people could report as
AP PE NDIX B
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Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only, thus reducing the count of people who identified as another race in addition to Hispanic/Latina/e/o. This
may help explain some of the reductions observed in the number of people who reported their race as White.
Exhibit B1-3: Largest Changes in People Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2007-2024
Change 2023-2024 Change 2007-2024
State # % State # %
Largest Increases
54,819 53.1% 95,418 152.4%
13,885 116.2% 48,098 34.6%
10,219 53.4% 14,233 94.1%
5,685 3.1% 10,345 66.8%
5,414 87.0% 8,175 35.0%
Largest Decreases
-1,556 -36.5% -16,707 -34.8%
-935 -10.1% -11,801 -29.7%
-196 -8.0% -7,349 -37.4%
-170 -7.8% -4,552 -26.3%
-31 -5.8% -3,559 -37.0%
Notes: Due to changes in their PIT count methodology, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wyoming were
excluded from the list of largest decreases between 2007 and 2024.
Exhibit B1-4: Percent of All People Experiencing Homelessness that are Sheltered or Unsheltered
by CoC Category, 2024
AP PE NDIX B
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B-2: Additional Data on Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
Exhibit B2-1: Changes in Numbers of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness Over Time, 2007-
2024
Total Change
2007-2024 2010–2024 2020–2024 2023-2024
# % # % # % # %
Individuals 99,307 24.1% 116,867 29.6% 103,116 25.2% 44,987 9.6%
Sheltered
Individuals 43,267 20.3% 44,122 20.8% 56,862 28.5% 28,545 12.5%
Unsheltered
Individuals 56,040 28.1% 72,745 39.8% 46,254 22.1% 16,442 6.9%
Exhibit B2-2: Demographic Characteristics of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness, 2024
All Individuals Sheltered Individuals
Total 512,007 100% 256,340 100% 255,667 100%
Age
Under 18
18 to 24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and over 41,292 8.1% 23,663 9.2% 17,629 6.9%
153,477 30.0% 79,589 31.0% 73,888 28.9%
350,056 68.4% 173,376 67.6% 176,680 69.1%
2,449 0.5% 1,411 0.6% 1,038 0.4%
356 0.1% 60 0.0% 296 0.1%
280 0.1% 34 0.0% 246 0.1%
640 0.1% 107 0.0% 533 0.2%
1,766 0.3% 824 0.3% 942 0.4%
2,983 0.6% 939 0.4% 2,044 0.8%
AP PE NDIX B
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All Individuals Sheltered Individuals
# % # % # %
American Indian Alaska
Native or Indigenous and
3,007 0.6% 1,575 0.6% 1,432 0.6%
13,708 2.7% 5,388 2.1% 8,320 3.3%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
610 0.1% 233 0.1% 377 0.1%
7,652 1.5% 3,765 1.5% 3,887 1.5%
African and
6,160 1.2% 4,147 1.6% 2,013 0.8%
140,174 27.4% 85,562 33.4% 54,612 21.4%
African and
418 0.1% 321 0.1% 97 0.0%
1,151 0.2% 566 0.2% 585 0.2%
Islander and
738 0.1% 389 0.2% 349 0.1%
5,393 1.1% 2,154 0.8% 3,239 1.3%
28,912 5.6% 18,885 7.4% 10,027 3.9%
204,446 39.9% 92,268 36.0% 112,178 43.9%
4,102 0.8% 1,637 0.6% 2,465 1.0%
16,796 3.3% 6,414 2.5% 10,382 4.1%
78,740 15.4% 33,036 12.9% 45,704 17.9%
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. The data for all individuals experiencing homelessness and individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness
includes extrapolated (estimated) race/ethnicity data for 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2024 and thus did not
have these new race/ethnicity categories.
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Exhibit B2-3: Changes in the Demographic Characteristics of Individuals Experiencing
Homelessness, 2023-2024
Change in All
Individuals
Change in Sheltered
Individuals
Change in Unsheltered
Individuals
# % # % # %
Total
Age
Under 18
18 to 24
25-34
35-44
45-54 9,185 9.2% 3,923 8.6% 5,262 9.8%
5,044 5.2% 2,338 4.6% 2,706 5.9%
65 and over 2,259 5.8% 1,706 7.8% 553 3.2%
13,146 9.4% 7,083 9.8% 6,063 8.9%
30,780 9.6% 21,103 13.9% 9,677 5.8%
-1,435 -36.9% -336 -19.2% -1,099 -51.4%
-315 -46.9% -146 -70.9% -169 -36.3%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
-1,092 -38.2% -239 -22.5% -853 -47.5%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
11,911 10.8% 11,717 24.2% 194 0.3%
33,076 9.3% 16,828 9.4% 16,248 9.2%
or Indigenous
-1,636 -8.9% 309 4.6% -1,945 -16.6%
-1,802 -17.9% 869 27.8% -2,671 -38.5%
-4,255 -2.8% 1,800 2.0% -6,055 -9.7%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
-914 -13.0% 666 35.5% -1,580 -30.6%
-22,516 -8.8% -7,709 -6.5% -14,807 -10.8%
-4,199 -16.7% -1,313 -14.0% -2,886 -18.3%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. Since these categories were not collected in prior years, changes over time cannot be reported for all categories.
Furthermore, some changes in gender and race may appear as artificial decreases because of these new reporting categories. For
example, the declines in the number of people who identified as transgender, gender questioning, or non-binary in 2024 could be
due to people reporting under one of the new gender categories that could not be included in the change over time calculations in
AP PE NDIX B
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this chart. Similarly, in 2023, people were required to identify as at least one race and one ethnicity. In 2024, people could report as
Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only, thus reducing the count of people who identified as another race in addition to Hispanic/Latina/e/o. This
may help explain some of the reductions observed in the number of people who reported their race as White.
Exhibit B2-4: Largest Changes in Individuals Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2007-2024
Change 2023-2024 Change 2007-2024
State # % State # %
Largest Increases
13,057 26.4% 50,493 45.5%
5,529 3.5% 34,506 123.0%
4,408 55.8% 11,031 83.0%
3,420 16.4% 9,052 91.7%
2,681 16.5% 3,810 114.2%
Largest Decreases
-975 -12.8% -9,241 -28.0%
-602 -5.6% -4,658 -17.7%
-410 -20.9% -2,959 -23.6%
-218 -12.9% -1,822 -21.5%
-132 -8.0% -1,326 -16.0%
Notes: Due to changes in their PIT count methodology, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wyoming were
excluded from the list of largest decreases between 2007 and 2024.
Exhibit B2-5: Percent of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness that are Sheltered or Unsheltered
by CoC Category, 2024
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B-3: Additional Data on People in Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness
Exhibit B3-1: Changes in Numbers of People in Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness Over Time, 2007-2024
Total Change
2007-2024
Total Change
2010–2024
Total Change
2020–2024
Total Change
2023-2024
# % # % # % # %
Families
24,915 10.6% 17,536 7.2% 87,898 51.2% 73,389 39.4%
Families
62,588 35.1% 49,591 25.9% 86,008 55.5% 72,217 42.8%
in Families
-37,673 -67.0% -32,055 -63.3% 1,890 11.3% 1,172 6.7%
Exhibit B3-2: Demographic Characteristics of People in Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness, 2024
All People in Families Families in Families
259,473 100% 240,916 100% 18,557 100%
Under 18
18 to 24
25-34
35-44 33,203 12.8% 30,557 12.7% 2,646 14.3%
10,072 3.9% 8,724 3.6% 1,348 7.3%
55-64 2,748 1.1% 2,226 0.9% 522 2.8%
855 0.3% 660 0.3% 195 1.1%
149,183 57.5% 139,039 57.7% 10,144 54.7%
109,512 42.2% 101,304 42.0% 8,208 44.2%
112 0.0% 90 0.0% 22 0.1%
27 0.0% 14 0.0% 13 0.1%
44 0.0% 37 0.0% 7 0.0%
80 0.0% 67 0.0% 13 0.1%
211 0.1% 177 0.1% 34 0.2%
304 0.1% 188 0.1% 116 0.6%
Race/Ethnicity
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All People in Families Families in Families
Native or Indigenous and
1,265 0.5% 1,183 0.5% 82 0.4%
3,186 1.2% 2,686 1.1% 500 2.7%
183 0.1% 176 0.1% 7 0.0%
2,749 1.1% 2,550 1.1% 199 1.1%
African and
9,807 3.8% 9,533 4.0% 274 1.5%
87,595 33.8% 82,644 34.3% 4,951 26.7%
African and
81 0.0% 81 0.0% 0 0.0%
362 0.1% 315 0.1% 47 0.3%
Islander and
333 0.1% 314 0.1% 19 0.1%
4,919 1.9% 3,711 1.5% 1,208 6.5%
22,464 8.7% 21,602 9.0% 862 4.6%
39,834 15.4% 33,703 14.0% 6,131 33.0%
2,739 1.1% 2,354 1.0% 385 2.1%
7,550 2.9% 6,674 2.8% 876 4.7%
76,406 29.4% 73,390 30.5% 3,016 16.3%
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. The data for all individuals experiencing homelessness and individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness
includes extrapolated (estimated) race/ethnicity data for 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2024 and thus did not
have these new race/ethnicity categories.
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Exhibit B3-3: Changes in the Demographic Characteristics of People in Families with Children
Experiencing Homelessness, 2023-2024
Change in All People
in Families
Change in Sheltered
People in Families
Change in Unsheltered
People in Families
# % # % # %
Total
Age
Under 18
18 to 24
25-34
35-44
45-54 2,865 39.8% 2,667 44.0% 198 17.2%
570 26.2% 598 36.7% -28 -5.1%
65 and over 192 29.0% 205 45.1% -13 -6.3%
39,505 36.0% 38,690 38.6% 815 8.7%
33,628 44.3% 33,307 49.0% 321 4.1%
-91 -44.8% -58 -39.2% -33 -60.0%
-61 -69.3% -43 -75.4% -18 -58.1%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
-20 -8.7% 29 19.6% -49 -59.0%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
44,718 65.2% 44,701 69.9% 17 0.4%
28,671 24.4% 27,516 26.3% 1,155 9.1%
-314 -6.6% 49 1.3% -363 -38.4%
1,422 94.2% 1,407 106.7% 15 7.9%
4,367 4.7% 3,761 4.3% 606 13.1%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1,585 43.2% 1,388 52.6% 197 19.1%
-6,682 -9.7% -4,615 -7.7% -2,067 -22.8%
-3,838 -27.2% -3,559 -28.3% -279 -18.1%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. Since these categories were not collected in prior years, changes over time cannot be reported for all categories.
Furthermore, some changes in gender and race may appear as artificial decreases because of these new reporting categories. For
example, the declines in the number of people who identified as transgender, gender questioning, or non-binary in 2024 could be
due to people reporting under one of the new gender categories that could not be included in the change over time calculations in
this chart. Similarly, in 2023, people were required to identify as at least one race and one ethnicity. In 2024, people could report as
AP PE NDIX B
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Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only, thus reducing the count of people who identified as another race in addition to Hispanic/Latina/e/o. This
may help explain some of the reductions observed in the number of people who reported their race as White.
Exhibit B3-4: Largest Changes in People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness by
State, 2007-2024
Change 2023-2024 Change 2007-2024
State # % State # %
Largest Increases
New York New York
Massachusetts Massachusetts
Illinois Illinois
Colorado Hawaii
Hawaii Vermont
Largest Decreases
-1,146 -49.8% -7,466 -49.7%
-784 -22.3% -7,143 -53.0%
-268 -3.4% -4,390 -61.7%
-144 -14.0% -3,774 -45.2%
-133 -7.3% -3,767 -48.8%
Notes: Due to changes in their PIT count methodology, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wyoming were
excluded from the list of largest decreases between 2007 and 2024.
Exhibit B3-5: Percent of People in Families with Children Experiencing Homelessness that are
Sheltered or Unsheltered by CoC Category, 2024
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B-4: Additional Data on Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Exhibit B4-1: Changes in Numbers of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness Over
Time, 2017-2024
Total Change
2017-2024 2020–2024 2023-2024
-133 -0.3% 3,960 11.6% 3,467 10.0%
6,904 37.2% 8,175 47.3% 4,923 24.0%
Youth
-7,037 -35.6% -4,215 -24.9% -1,456 -10.3%
Exhibit B4-2: Demographic Characteristics of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness,
2024
All Unaccompanied Youth
# % # % # %
Total
Age
Under 18
18 to 24
Gender
Woman (girl)
Man (boy)
Transgender
Gender Questioning
Culturally Specific Identity
Different Identity
Non Binary
More Than One Gender
Race/Ethnicity
American Indian Alaska
Native or Indigenous and
304 0.8% 169 0.7% 135 1.1%
968 2.5% 479 1.9% 489 3.8%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
48 0.1% 22 0.1% 26 0.2%
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All Unaccompanied Youth
# % # % # %
Asian or Asian American
Only
Black African American or
African and
651 1.7% 493 1.9% 158 1.2%
11,762 30.8% 8,730 34.3% 3,032 23.8%
African and
11 0.0% 2 0.0% 9 0.1%
243 0.6% 196 0.8% 47 0.4%
Islander and
71 0.2% 35 0.1% 36 0.3%
312 0.8% 167 0.7% 145 1.1%
2,674 7.0% 2,002 7.9% 672 5.3%
10,330 27.1% 5,744 22.6% 4,586 36.0%
438 1.1% 242 1.0% 196 1.5%
1,482 3.9% 845 3.3% 637 5.0%
8,271 21.7% 6,050 23.8% 2,221 17.5%
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. The data for all individuals experiencing homelessness and individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness
includes extrapolated (estimated) race/ethnicity data for 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2024 and thus did not
have these new race/ethnicity categories.
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Exhibit B4-3: Changes in the Demographic Characteristics of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing
Homelessness, 2023-2024
Change in All
Unaccompanied
Unaccompanied
Change in Unsheltered
Unaccompanied Youth
Total 3,467 10.0% 4,923 24.0% -1,456 -10.3%
Age
Under 18
18-24
Gender
Woman (girl)
Man (boy)
Transgender
Gender Questioning
Culturally Specific Identity
Different Identity
Non Binary
More Than One Gender
Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Not Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Race (any ethnicity)
American Indian Alaska Native
or Indigenous
-449 -26.1% -111 -14.6% -338 -35.1%
5 0.8% 22 8.1% -17 -4.5%
-28 -0.2% 242 2.7% -270 -7.8%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
-96 -20.0% 20 11.0% -116 -39.1%
-4,008 -23.6% -1,384 -15.2% -2,624 -33.3%
-482 -20.1% -114 -9.5% -368 -30.6%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. Since these categories were not collected in prior years, changes over time cannot be reported for all categories.
Furthermore, some changes in gender and race may appear as artificial decreases because of these new reporting categories. For
example, the declines in the number of people who identified as transgender, gender questioning, or non-binary in 2024 could be
due to people reporting under one of the new gender categories that could not be included in the change over time calculations in
this chart. Similarly, in 2023, people were required to identify as at least one race and one ethnicity. In 2024, people could report as
Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only, thus reducing the count of people who identified as another race in addition to Hispanic/Latina/e/o. This
may help explain some of the reductions observed in the number of people who reported their race as White.
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Exhibit B4-4: Largest Changes in Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness by State,
2017-2024
Change 2023-2024 Change 2017-2024
State # % State # %
Largest Increases
3,203 71.7% 4,842 171.2%
949 95.1% 1,217 166.7%
175 99.4% 243 42.0%
154 12.7% 192 84.2%
116 27.0% 120 17.3%
Largest Decreases
-1,121 -11.0% -3,910 -30.2%
-303 -15.0% -1,621 -74.8%
-160 -28.6% -652 -32.3%
-109 -7.7% -412 -19.3%
-61 -33.3% -172 -22.5%
Exhibit B4-5: Percent of Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness that are Sheltered or
Unsheltered by CoC Category, 2024
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B-5: Additional Data on Veterans Experiencing Homelessness
Exhibit B5-1: Changes in Numbers of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness Over Time, 2009-2024
Total Change
2009-2024 2010–2024 2020–2024 2023-2024
# % # % # % # %
-40,485 -55.2% -41,205 -55.6% -4,370 -11.7% -2,692 -7.6%
-24,378 -56.2% -24,406 -56.2% -3,017 -13.7% -1,036 -5.2%
-16,107 -53.8% -16,799 -54.8% -1,353 -8.9% -1,656 -10.7%
Exhibit B5-2: Demographic Characteristics of People in Families with Children Experiencing
Homelessness, 2024
All Veterans Sheltered Veterans Unsheltered Veterans
#%#%#%
Total
Gender
Woman (girl)
Man (boy)
Transgender
Gender Questioning
Culturally Specific Identity
Different Identity
Non Binary
More Than One Gender
Race/Ethnicity
American Indian Alaska
Native or Indigenous and
139 0.4% 59 0.3% 80 0.6%
898 2.7% 376 2.0% 522 3.8%
and Hispanic/Latina/e/o
14 0.0% 5 0.0% 9 0.1%
376 1.1% 152 0.8% 224 1.6%
African and
298 0.9% 187 1.0% 111 0.8%
9,890 30.1% 6,746 35.4% 3,144 22.7%
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All Veterans Sheltered Veterans Unsheltered Veterans
African and
4 0.0% 0 0.0% 4 0.0%
53 0.2% 9 0.0% 44 0.3%
Islander and
32 0.1% 21 0.1% 11 0.1%
308 0.9% 120 0.6% 188 1.4%
1,094 3.3% 775 4.1% 319 2.3%
16,034 48.8% 9,465 49.7% 6,569 47.4%
248 0.8% 94 0.5% 154 1.1%
1,291 3.9% 485 2.5% 806 5.8%
2,203 6.7% 537 2.8% 1,666 12.0%
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. The data for all individuals experiencing homelessness and individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness
includes extrapolated (estimated) race/ethnicity data for 22 CoCs that did not conduct an unsheltered count in 2024 and thus did not
have these new race/ethnicity categories.
Exhibit B5-3: Changes in the Demographic Characteristics of Veterans Experiencing
Homelessness, 2023-2024
Change in All
Veterans
Change in Sheltered
Veterans
Change in Unsheltered
Veterans
# % # % # %
Total
Gender
-651 -16.4% -154 -8.5% -497 -23.0%
-2,042 -6.5% -896 -4.9% -1,146 -8.8%
-63 -36.4% -23 -31.1% -40 -40.4%
-17 -58.6% -7 -77.8% -10 -50.0%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
-56 -34.8% 6 28.6% -62 -44.3%
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Ethnicity
-657 -14.0% -154 -8.4% -503 -17.6%
-2,035 -6.6% -882 -4.8% -1,153 -9.1%
or Indigenous
-232 -18.3% -26 -5.6% -206 -25.5%
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Change in All
Veterans
Change in Sheltered
Veterans
Change in Unsheltered
Veterans
# % # % # %
Asian or Asian American
Black African American or
African
Middle Eastern or North African
Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Islander
White
Multi-Racial
Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only
Note: In 2024, communities were asked to update the response options available for people to select their gender and
race/ethnicity. Since these categories were not collected in prior years, changes over time cannot be reported for all categories.
Furthermore, some changes in gender and race may appear as artificial decreases because of these new reporting categories. For
example, the declines in the number of people who identified as transgender, gender questioning, or non-binary in 2024 could be
due to people reporting under one of the new gender categories that could not be included in the change over time calculations in
this chart. Similarly, in 2023, people were required to identify as at least one race and one ethnicity. In 2024, people could report as
Hispanic/Latina/e/o Only, thus reducing the count of people who identified as another race in addition to Hispanic/Latina/e/o. This
may help explain some of the reductions observed in the number of people who reported their race as White.
Exhibit B5-4: Largest Changes in Veterans Experiencing Homelessness by State, 2009-2024
Change 2023-2024 Change 2009-2024
State # % State # %
Largest Increases
96 5.7% 130 10.2%
82 7.5% 47 76.5%
67 14.8% 10 8.3%
62 6.7% -- --
42 16.4% -- --
-1,279 -12.1% -8,663 -48.2%
-450 -41.1% -4,802 -67.3%
-225 -8.8% -4,699 -79.9%
-199 -9.8% -3,654 -66.5%
-189 -24.9% -2,114 -76.6%
Notes: Due to changes in their PIT count methodology, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wyoming were
excluded from the list of largest decreases between 2009 and 2024.
AP PE NDIX B
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Exhibit B5-5: Percent of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness that are Sheltered or Unsheltered
by CoC Category, 2024
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B-6: Additional Data on Individuals with Chronic Patterns of Homelessness
Exhibit B6-1: Changes in Numbers of Individuals with Chronic Patterns of Homelessness Over
Time, 2007-2024
Total Change
2007-2024 2010–2024 2020–2024 2023-2024
Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
32,772 27.4% 46,523 43.9% 42,057 38.1% 9,480 6.6%
Sheltered
Individuals with
Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
11,252 26.9% 9,691 22.4% 15,909 42.9% 2,883 5.8%
Unsheltered
Individuals with
Chronic Patterns of
Homelessness
21,520 27.6% 36,832 58.7% 26,148 35.6% 6,597 7.1%
Exhibit B6-2: Largest Changes in Individuals with Chronic Patterns of Homelessness by State,
2007-2024
Change 2023-2024 Change 2007-2024
State # % State # %
Largest Increases
Washington California
Oregon Washington
Nevada Oregon
Florida Nevada
Illinois New Mexico
Largest Decreases
-962 -1.4% -2,903 -36.6%
-597 -10.5% -1,399 -21.6%
-280 -15.1% -1,363 -18.3%
-171 -24.3% -1,190 -43.0%
-117 -21.7% -1,045 -53.2%
Notes: Due to changes in their PIT count methodology, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Michigan, and Wyoming were
excluded from the list of largest decreases between 2007 and 2024.
AP PE NDIX B
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Exhibit B6-3: Percent of Individuals with Chronic Patterns of Homelessness that are Sheltered or
Unsheltered by CoC Category, 2024