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Home My WebLink About06/27/2024 - ENERGY BOARD - AGENDA - Work Session ENERGY BOARD WORK SESSION June 27, 2024 – 5:30 pm 222 Laporte Ave – Colorado Room 1. [5:30] CALL MEETING TO ORDER 2. [5:30] FORT COLLINS UTILITIES DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLATFORM AND LOCAL VIRTUAL POWER PLANT STRATEGY (90 Min., Discussion) Pablo Bauleo, Senior Energy Services Engineer Mary Horsey, DER Integration Engineer 3. [7:00] FUTURE AGENDA REVIEW 4. [7:05] ADJOURNMENT Participation for this Energy Board Work Session will be in person in the Colorado Room at 222 Laporte Ave. You may also join online via Zoom, using this link: https://fcgov.zoom.us/j/96018296521 Headline Copy Goes Here Energy Services Team Pablo Bauleo, Ph.D Mary Horsey Bidirectionality: The Road to Grid Flexibility 06-27-24 Headline Copy Goes Here 2 What are our goals •Reducing carbon emissions •Ensuring energy affordability •Maintaining reliability •Five percent of bidirectional load capacity of 2030 peak •100% renewable energy by 2030 City’s North Star Goals OCF Goals Headline Copy Goes Here 3 Journey from peak management to Grid Flexibility Thermostat Setback Time of Use Rates Load Shaping Bi-DirectionalUni-Directional Energy Efficiency Time -------------------------------------- 1982 – 2020 -------------------------------------- ----- 2020 – Present ----- Load shiftingLoad shed Strategy Load reduction Dynamic load Source: Figures adapted from: I. Lampropoulos, History of Demand Side Management, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2013, pp. 1-5 Headline Copy Goes Here 4 A technology example: Electric water heaters Heating element switch Hot water thermal battery GIWH (BLS) Bi-DirectionalUni-Directional Heat pump WH Time -------------------------------------- 1982 – 2020 -------------------------------------- ----- 2020 – Present ----- Load shiftingLoad shed Strategy Load reduction Dynamic load Source: Figures adapted from: I. Lampropoulos, History of Demand Side Management, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2013, pp. 1-5 Headline Copy Goes Here 5 Early strategies (1982 – 2020) Peak Reduction Time of Use RatesEnergy Efficiency Time Residential and Commercial EE equipment and retrofits (Ongoing) AC Compressor switch Water Heater switch Programmable thermostats (non-WiFi) Source: Figures adapted from: I. Lampropoulos, History of Demand Side Management, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2013, pp. 1-5 Headline Copy Goes Here 6 Flexible strategies (2020 – 2030 …) Load Shaping Grid interactive water heaters – 2-way cellular communications Turn off to draw down thermal load (precondition) Turn on to charge up when solar energy is abundant on grid Smooths load shape EVs – 2-way cellular communications Turn off charging when fossil fuels are abundant on the grid (precondition) Turn on to charge up overnight when wind is prevalent on the grid Mitigates the early evening solar off-ramp – smooths load shape Source: Figures adapted from: I. Lampropoulos, History of Demand Side Management, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2013, pp. 1-5 Headline Copy Goes Here 7 Why we want to do this - Introducing variable generation resources Variable wind and solar resources – out of sync with demand City Demand Solar Wind 6 am Noon 6 pm6 amMidnight6 pm Noon Po w e r Headline Copy Goes Here 8 Grid Flexibility – Meeting renewable goals cost effectively Consumes renewables when they are in low demand Reduces total installed renewable capacity needed to serve the load City Demand Solar Wind 6 am Noon 6 pm6 amMidnight6 pm Noon Po w e r WH precondition & charge EV precondition & charge Headline Copy Goes Here 9 Example programs: Current and ongoing “Run Like the Wind” (RLW) •Mitigate solar off-ramp •Shifts EV charging from early evening to overnight •Wind-rich resource mix •Valley management •Main resource •EV •(Batteries) Time of use (TOD) •Optimize for Time-of-Day residential rate •Mitigate peak load •Extends operational life of assets •Main resource •Water Heaters •Thermostats •(Batteries) “Bright like the Sun” (BLS) •Optimize for solar noon consumption •Mitigate duck curve & anticipated morning winter peak •Main Resources •Water Heaters •Electric vehicles •(Batteries) Headline Copy Goes Here 10 Key considerations for flexibility: Capability, scale, and frequency Capability ScaleFrequency EV (V2G) GIWH Thermostat Headline Copy Goes Here 11 DERMS system architecture (Capability) IntelliSOURCE SkyCentrics GIWH Ecobee Ecobee Devices FCU Servers REST API FCU/SCO Operators GUI PRPA Operators GUI OpenADRAPI Residio Residio Devices API Pro1/DCU3 Devices F1 Native Apollo Di s p a t c h Pl a t f o r m De v i c e s OpenADR JCI BMS Commercial buildings API RER/Ev.Energy Tesla Nissan Audi Many others Copeland Sensi Devices API FCU ADMS (Future) PRPA DERMS (Future) Ag g r e g a t o r /D E R M S TBD TBD BMW Headline Copy Goes Here 12 IntelliSOURCE – Dispatch complexity (Capability) Main parameters: Topology, Resource, Time and Duration Up to more than 100 settings (decisions) need to be made on each event (and is only going to be more complex with time) Headline Copy Goes Here 13 Evolution of DERMS dispatch (Frequency) Di s p a t c h e d E v e n t s p e r m o n t h Coincident Peak (Peak Management) 2015 Oct 2018 Nov 2020 May 2024 Coincident Peak and TOD This is an average of one event per hour Coincident Peak, TOD “BLS” and “RLW” Currently over 99% of events are dispatched based on a schedule and less than 1% based on dynamic grid conditions. Platform is ready for dynamic dispatch (both API and standards) Waiting for PRPA and SPP Headline Copy Goes Here 14 How do we increase our (Grid) Flexibility? (i.e., Scale) Headline Copy Goes Here 15 Breaking down the Grid Flexibility 2030 goal •Our Climate Future Goal: “Five percent of bidirectional load capacity of 2030 peak” •Forecasted PRPA peak in 2030 is about 800 MW •Historically, Fort Collins has been 48% of PRPA peak loads •Estimated Fort Collins peak in 2030: 384 MW •Fort Collins peak load: 318 MW on 7/28/21 Total bi-directional capacity goal: 19.2 MW Headline Copy Goes Here 16 There are many paths to reach that goal Grid Flex Resources •Battery storage (residential or utility scale) •Thermal storage •Grid-Interactive Water Heater •Standard Resistive Water Heater •Water beds/Jacuzzi •Thermostats (BYOT and/or Direct Install) •Light-Duty EV (telematics and/or L2 EVSE) •Heavy-Duty EV (buses/L3 EVSE) •Vehicle-to-Grid •Laptop charging schedules •Refrigerator defrost cycles •... (other yet to be identified technologies) Each Grid-Flex resource has a different maturity level, a different penetration rate and a different scaling capacity Headline Copy Goes Here 17 Resource evaluation (community potential) Resource Maturity Level (2024) Scaling Limits (2030) Sink (W) (unit-fleet level) Shed (W ) (unit-fleet level) GIWH High 4,000 2,000 400 Resistive WH High 3,000 3,000 400 Thermostats High 35,000 0 1,000 Light Duty EV Medium 10,000 2,500 1,000 Battery (residential)Low 6,000 2,000 1,500 Heavy Duty EV Low/Nascent 500 20,000 15,000 Vehicle-To -Grid Nascent 250 2,000 1,500 Refrigerator Defrost Nascent 100,000+15 15 Laptop Schedule Brainstorm 200,000+5 5 Waterbed Brainstorm 8,000 150 100 Confidence on above figures is proportional to maturity level – Load Diversity Factor included in Sink/Shed values Headline Copy Goes Here 18 A given path towards the goal (starting point) •Quantities to reach the goal were estimated in 2022 •As part of the RFP process •It is not the only path to reach the goal •Quantities needed are to be reviewed and refined every 2-years •Load diversity factors for the resources is hard to know •Based on data (when possible) •Educated/best guesses (when necessary) Headline Copy Goes Here 19 DER Quantities to achieve 2030 OCF Goal (Based on RFP 2022) Resource Device Sink (kW) Device Shed (kW) Quantities (2030) Capacity Sink (MW) Capacity Shed (MW) GIWH 3 0.4 2,000 6 0.8 EV 2.5 1 300 0.75 0.3 Batteries 2 1.5 300 0.6 0.45 Thermostat 0 1 5,000 0 5 Resistive WH 2.5 0.4 2,000 5 0.8 Directional 12.35 7.35 Absolute 19.7 Notes Device Sink/Shed includes Load Diversity (challenging factor to measure) Quantities to reach goal are to be evaluated and refined in a 2-year cycle Headline Copy Goes Here 20 DER quantities by January 2024 Resource Device Sink (kW) Device Shed (kW) Quantities (2030) Capacity Sink (MW) Capacity Shed (MW) GIWH 3 0.4 100 0.3 0.04 EV 2.5 1 75 0.19 0.08 Batteries 2 1.5 0 0 0 Thermostat 0 1 1500 0 1.5 Resistive WH 2.5 0.4 2,000 5 0.8 Directional 5.49 2.42 Absolute 7.91 MW (41%) Notes Progress towards goal heavily dependent on Load Diversity factor EV Pilot run in 2023 and 2024 Q1 data is being used to refine above values Headline Copy Goes Here 21 Deployment strategy •Focus on known technology first (2024/25/26) •Standard Water Heater (enrollment completed) •GIWH (partnership with HC and N2N, direct mailing) •Thermostats (Direct Mailing and BYOT) •EV Telematics (Direct Mailing) •Expand to less established technologies after 2027 •Battery Storage •EVSE (EV chargers) •Heat pumps? •Other new things? Headline Copy Goes Here 22 Grid Flexibility resources – progress towards goal (RFP 2022) Headline Copy Goes Here 23 Grid Flexibility resources – Progress towards goal (RFP 2022) OCF Goal (5% bidirectional capacity) Headline Copy Goes Here 24 PRPA Goals and OCF Goals •PRPA goals are capacity-oriented •OCF goals are carbon-oriented •PRPA goals call for ~32 MW of flexible resources •Mainly batteries and EV with some thermostats •OCF goals call for ~19 MW of flexible resource •Mainly thermal storage (water heater), thermostats with some batteries and EV •Both entities are headed in the same general direction and ensuring good alignment is a shared objective -and a work in progress- Headline Copy Goes Here Headline Copy Goes Here Headline Copy Goes Here 27 Grid Flexibility Resources – Deployment profile (based on RFP 2022)