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Home My WebLink About01/11/2023 - Land Conservation And Stewardship Board - Agenda - Regular Meeting Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting/Hybrid in person/ Zoom 1745 Hoffman Mill Road/Main Office Conference Room January 11, 2023 January 1 1 , 202 3 Participation for this Land Conservation & Stewardship Board meeting will be available online, by phone or in person. Public Participation (Online): Individuals who wish to address the Land Conservation & Stewardship Board via remote public participation can do so through Zoom, see below. The meeting will be available to join beginning at 5:30 pm , January 11, 2023. For public comments, the Chair will ask participants to click the “Raise Hand” button to indicate you would like to speak at that time. Staff will moderate the Zoom session to ensure all participants have an opportunity to address the Board. In order to participate: Join Zoom Meeting https://fcgov.zoom.us/j/91700016759?pwd=eEhENDB4NWY3WFVkaTc3V0V0SjZlQT09 Meeting ID: 917 0001 6759 Passcode: 09T%FxYH One tap mobile +17209289299,,91700016759# US (Denver) +13462487799,,91700016759# US (Houston) Dial by your location +1 720 928 9299 US (Denver) +1 346 248 7799 US (Houston) +1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma) +1 646 558 8656 US (New York) +1 312 626 6799 US (Chicago) Meeting ID: 917 0001 6759 Find your local number: https://fcgov.zoom.us/u/afVQUFc76 Use a laptop, computer, or internet-enabled smartphone. (Using earphones with a microphone will greatly improve your audio). You need to have access to the internet. Keep yourself on muted status. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting/Hybrid in person/ Zoom January 11, 2023 January 11 , 202 3 1. CALL TO ORDER: 5:30 PM 2. ROLL CALL & INTRODUCTIONS 3. AGENDA REVIEW 4. COMMUNITY MEMBER PARTICIPATION 5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 6. WELCOME NEW BOARD MEMBERS Welcome from Councilmember Ohlson Councilmember Ohlson 5 min LCSB members introductions LCSB 20 min Public Participation (Phone): If you do not have access to the internet, call the Board Staff Liaison, Katie Donahue, at 970-416-8067. Please indicate that you want to participate in the Board public participation by phone and give your name and phone number. If you get a voicemail message, please leave the same information. Once you have given this information (in person or by message), a staff person will provide you with the phone number and code that will allow you access to the Zoom meeting. As listed above, the meeting will be available beginning at 5:30 pm . For public comments, the Chair will ask participants to click the “Raise Hand” button to indicate you would like to speak at that time – phone participants will need to hit *9 to do this. Staff will be moderating the Zoom session to ensure all participants have an opportunity to address the Committee. Once you join the meeting: keep yourself on muted status. Documents to Share: If residents wish to share a document or presentation, the Staff Liaison needs to receive those materials via email by 24 hours before the meeting. Individuals uncomfortable or unable to access the Zoom platform or unable to participate by phone are encouraged to participate by emailing general public comments you may have to Katie Donahue, kdonahue@fcgov.com. The Staff Liaison will ensure the Board receives your comments. If you have specific comments on any of the discussion items scheduled, please make that clear in the subject line of the email and send 24 hours prior to the meeting. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting/Hybrid in person/ Zoom January 11, 2023 January 11 , 202 3 7. ACTION ITEMS Urban Lakes Policy Richard Thorp 30 min LCSB Annual Report Andrea Elson 5 min 1041 Regulations memo Ross Cunniff and Elena Lopez 20 min 8. BOARD UPDATES Bicycle Advisory Committee assignment LCSB 5 min 9. DEPARTMENT UPDATES Katie Donahue 10 min 10. EXECUTIVE SESSION* Quarterly Land Conservation update Tawnya Ernst 20 min 11. ADJOURNMENT * Executive Session will be held at the end of the meeting, for Board Members only. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting | 1745 Hoffman Mill Road December 14, 2022 Members: Andrea Elson, Chair Vicky McLane, Member Ross Cunniff, Vice Chair Alycia Crall, Member Mike Weber, Member Elena Lopez, Member Denise Culver, Member Cole Kramer, Member Joe Piesman, Member 12/14/2022 – MINUTES Page 1 1. CALL TO ORDER: Meeting was called to order at 5:30 p.m. 2. ROLL CALL: Andrea Elson, Ross Cunniff, Elena Lopez, Cole Kramer, Mike Weber, Joe Piesman, Denise Culver, Vicky McLane Excused: Alycia Crall NAD Staff: Katie Donahue, Kristy Bruce, Zoë Shark, AJ Chlebnik, Tawnya Ernst, Alynn Karnes; Charlotte Norville City Staff: Sylvia Tatman-Burruss, Project Manager, City Manager’s Office (CMO) and Ginny Sawyer, Sr. Project Manager, CMO, Dean Klinger, Interim Community Services Director 3. GUESTS: Councilmember Kelly Ohlson, Caitlyn Sheridan, Project Coordinator, Kearns & West; and Morgan Lommele, Director, Kearns & West 4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPANTS: Ellis Carpenter 5. AGENDA REVIEW: Chair Elson amended the agenda to allow for Councilmember Ohlson, and LCSB to thank members whose terms are ending, add time for Councilmember Ohlson to make a statement about the Hughes stakeholder engagement, and a general discussion of the Bicycle Advisory Committee. 6. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: Vice Chair Cunniff made a motion to approve the November LCSB meeting minutes. Member Kramer seconded the motion. The motion was unanimously approved 8-0. 7. DISCUSSION ITEMS: Thank you to exiting board members. Councilmember Kelly Ohlson voiced his and Council’s appreciation to board members Vicky McLane, Mike Weber and Alycia Crall and stated their work on the board made a difference. He invited Members McLane and Weber to comment about their time on the Land Conservation and Stewardship Board. Member McLane described her time on the board as an amazing education and an opportunity to share her knowledge and LCSB has been an important part of that outreach. Chair Elson voiced with her appreciation of Member McLane’s feistiness and Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting 1 2/14/2022 MINUTES Page 2 willingness to passionately defend her positions on issues and thanked her for serving. Member Weber also mentioned the educational aspect of serving on the board and his gratitude for the opportunity. He appreciated learning about the LCSB perspective, process, and history. He also stated the hope that his time on the board, as perhaps more recreation focused than other members, helped to increase an understanding that conservation and recreation are not mutually exclusive. Members, Kramer and Cunniff stated their appreciation for the diversity of opinions on the LCSB and how diversity enriches discussion and can help members find common ground. Member Kramer reiterated Member Weber’s about the value a recreation perspective brings to the board discussions. Vice Chair Cunniff also thanked Member McLane for your effective voice before Council. Councilmember Ohlson noted there is still one opening on the board, and instructions from the Clerk’s Office for filling the vacancy will be coming in the next few weeks. He also stated his intention to attend the January 11, 2023, meeting to welcome incoming members Scott Mason and Holger Kley. Hughes Stakeholder Engagement Sylvia Tatman-Burruss, Project Manager made a brief introduction of the Hughes Stakeholder Engagement process being managed by the communications firm Kearns & West. Kearns & West are in the early stage of the engagement process regarding the potential reuse of the former Hughes Stadium property and will be conducting extensive outreach in the next few weeks. They are currently presenting to various advisory boards and commissions to determine board priorities and identify any community groups they might have missed. They anticipate going to Council in late February-early March 2023 with potential use scenarios for the site. Morgan Lommele and Caitlin Sheridan led LCSB through a brief review of the project milestones, ballot language, public engagement work to date, and the next steps needed in preparing site use scenarios for Council. The ballot language specifies permitted uses of the property which guided Kearns & West in determining which members of the community to contact. The ballot language also frames the questions posed to the community regarding priorities and potential uses. Kearns and West communicated there is some flexibility in the site development within the constraints of both the ballot language and existing uses (disc golf course and water detention area are likely to remain). Morgan stated that Kearns & West are specialists in determining appropriate ways to engage with a variety of community members, and they employ an assortment of tools to gather feedback. Morgan then listed several of the outreach efforts to date: Online survey available on the City’s engagement hub Our City, three focus groups discussions (wildlife restoration, recreation, and raptor rescue and recovery), conversations with indigenous community members and city staff working with the indigenous community, and informational mailers sent to 700 households adjacent to the site. Input from the three focus groups included creating a regional destination for wildlife recovery or bike recreation and capitalizing on the open land to attract visitors to Fort Collins. Kearns & West recently met with the Natural Areas Department Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting 1 2/14/2022 MINUTES Page 3 and learned of the site characteristics and potential for restoration; this information will also be included in the scenarios. In the next several weeks of continued engagement activities, Kearns & West will deepen outreach to indigenous peoples and community members who represent the interests of indigenous peoples, pursue conversations with the Parks and Recreation Departments, and increase community awareness of the online survey. They will also be presenting to other boards and commissions. The culmination of community feedback collected will be distilled in to 4 or 5 different scenarios. They will likely seek additional input from the community prior to finalizing possible use scenarios for presentation to Council. Discussion Councilmember Ohlson opened the discussion emphasizing he was speaking for himself, not on behalf of Council. He first stated his objection to the use of “stakeholder” as it has come to represent special interest groups rather than people who have and continue to work for and support open space for its intrinsic value. He is not aware of the City nor Kearns & West having met with the leaders of Planning Action to Transform Hughes Sustainably (PATHS) or leaders of any other citizen-led open space initiatives and asked why that had not occurred. Councilmember Ohlson voiced opposition to reuse scenarios that would provide a regional draw or function as tourist attractions. He is interested in providing open space, wildlife habitat and recreation for the people that live in the area. Sylvia Tatman-Burrus reiterated they are in the early stage of the engagement process and part of the feedback they are seeking from boards and commission is to identify additional groups for engagement. Councilmember Ohlson also stressed the need to communicate with the community the Natural Areas funding constraints and budget transparency for the project. Chair Elson asked if Kearns & West planned to come back to LCSB to present the scenarios before taking them to Council, with Sylvia Tatman-Burrus replying yes they could share scenarios or groupings of uses, but would not yet have fully developed plans. Ginny Sawyer, Sr. Project Manager, reminded everyone there is no funding for implementation, this is likely a long- term plan. City staff will want to accurately assess what community wants and be able to outline some rough costs and the processes to realize the proposed scenarios. Vice Chair Cunniff asked if K & W included fiscal information in the community engagement; is the public being informed about funding sources and associated constraints. Natural Areas expenditures are specifically defined by the ballot that funds Natural Areas. Morgan replied it is Kearns & West’s intention to provide Council with a clear view of the scenario options including rough costs estimates, and to be very clear during community outreach in conveying there is no budget. In response to member Culver, Sylvia Tatman-Burruss stated funding sources outside of the City budget process are being explored. Katie Donahue, Director explained that because several city departments utilize Great Outdoors Colorado (GOCO) grants there are ongoing conversations, especially among Community Services, in prioritizing requests. Ginny restated everyone is communicating there is no budget but also recognized a responsibility to be prepared to respond to community expectations and having ideas for funding mechanisms. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting 1 2/14/2022 MINUTES Page 4 In response to Councilmember Ohlson’s question as to why the PATHS organizers were not consulted at the beginning of the outreach, Ginny Sawyer reiterated the city does want to make sure they connect with those voices and asked board members share contact information. She also pointed to the Parks and Recreation Master plan which included a statistically valid survey identifying community needs and the City’s plan to utilize the data to help inform the priorities for reuse scenarios. Sylvia Tatman-Burrus said they have not yet conducted Indigenous outreach and are coordinating with the City’s Equity Office before starting that conversation. Member Lopez responded that the PATHS group is still active and looking forward to participating in outreach. They would love an opportunity to convey the importance of the spirit of law with the priority to protect it for wildlife habitat. She also noted the three pioneering members of the group are indigenous people and yet no one has reached out to them. At Chair Elson’s request, Katie Donahue summarized the conversation between the Natural Areas Department and Kearns & West. Topics covered included the limitations on how NAD funds can be spent, the department’s framework for land conservation prioritization, and very rough costs estimates for habitat restoration and mitigation (many unknowns about stadium demolition) on the Hughes site. They also discussed the purchase fee arrangement which is subject to change depending on the final acreage to be managed by Natural Areas. Additionally, Katie explained no formal resource assessment of the site will be done until after acquisition: an inventory of species, habit restoration opportunities, trail connectivity, etc. Several board members expressed concern for hazardous waste on the site with Member Kramer asking if the seller can be held liable for any remediation not addressed prior to closing. Member Lopez followed by stating there are many assumptions about contamination that may or may not exist and suggested putting those assumptions aside until a formal resource assessment has been conducted. She added the PATHS group has some information to share in that regard. Vice- Chair Cunniff agreed it’s best to make zero assumptions and look for best restoration opportunities on the site. Morgan confirmed that Kearns & West will reach out to those who helped pass the ballot measure. She then invited board members to share any perspectives or opinions not yet captured. Several board members were adamant that Natural Areas funds be used only for land conservation and restoration. Recreation uses should not be funded with Natural Areas dollars nor should the construction of wildlife or raptor recovery buildings. Member Piesman stated these other items might be candidates for public-private partnerships. Vice Chair Cunniff and Member Kramer stressed any aspect of the site not managed by natural areas should still strive for low maintenance features to control costs and consider native landscaping (low water use). Katie Donahue added there has been some discussion about potential Nature in the City projects and funding at the site. Member Lopez asked again for clarification around GOCO funding for land acquisition. Katie Donahue replied that GOCO has specific goals for awarding grants and perhaps this site did not align. Zoë Shark, Public Engagement Program Manager added GOCO only funds acquisitions for properties selling at appraised value. Member Piesman suggested connecting with the frequent users of Maxwell perhaps via trailhead tabling. Member Kramer asked if informational signage could be installed to raise public awareness of the survey. Katie Donahue explained Natural Areas is not managing the public engagement for this project but offered to check with the City Manager’s Office regarding signage. Charlotte Norville, Public Engagement Specialist offered to include the survey Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting 1 2/14/2022 MINUTES Page 5 information in the department’s January newsletter. Vice Chair Cunniff pointed out the survey information and link are not on the City’s website home page. Sylvia Tatman-Burrus explained the survey has been shared with groups they’ve connected with, and the link will go out to general public on January 1st. Katie Donahue shared that she recommended to K & W to present to LCSB early in the process. Some of the future outreach mechanisms and groups to contact identified during this meeting are in fact on their list for the coming weeks. Chair Elson stated it would have been helpful if the presentation outlined the broader scope of the process as much of the conversation was focused on planning and use concepts. Member Kramer stated the LCSB has not seen the survey or any other materials. He asked if the survey and other engagement mechanisms are offered in both English and Spanish, and if underserved communities are being engaged. Member Lopez thanked everyone for their work and asserted the community wanted the property preserved and it will become a great asset. She also expressed a need to restore trust between the City and the public, including the PATHS group. Morgan Lommele thanked everyone for their insight, input, and perspective. 1041 Regulations Vice Chair Cunniff reported on the feedback and discussion of the subcommittee, much of which was whether to limit 1041 to natural areas and parks, or to cover the entire city and growth management area. Several committee members including Member Cunniff advocated for expanding the geographic area subject to regulations. It would be useful in regulating projects that might interact with parks and natural areas, i.e., water flows from these projects into our stream sheds. Vice Chair Cunniff also reported it was Council’s decision to limit 1041 regulations to water, wastewater, and transportation and to not include electric and natural gas utility lines. He suggested if LCSB wanted to make a recommendation to Council to expand 1041 regulations to cover the larger geographic area and include utility lines, doing so in January 2023, prior to Council work sessions would be ideal. Members Lopez and Kramer expressed concern about Council’s decision to narrow the geographic scope to a small subset of areas in the city. Member Kramer asked if there was a downside to adding gas and electric utility lines to 1041; could it be as simple as adding appropriate language? It was Vice Chair Cunniff’s opinion that adding those two items would likely involve discussions with utility providers and require staff direction from Council. He suggests the LCSB move forward with preparing a memo and making a recommendation to Council to add gas and electric utility lines to be subject to 1041 regulations Bicycle Advisory Committee Member Weber stated there was not a lot to share other than the ongoing discussion of Vision Zero plan: working toward a total of zero fatal or serious-injury crashes on the city’s transportation network. He explained the plan is related to Natural Areas because so many trails used for recreation are also part of the transportation network. A benefit of cyclist using natural areas trails reduces the number of bikes on the streets, thereby increasing safety. Moving forward, the Bicycle Advisory Committee (BAC) will become the Active Modes Advisory Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting 1 2/14/2022 MINUTES Page 6 Committee to better encompass all non-vehicle modes of transportation. The City is finding the community using more alternative forms of transportation including hoverboards and e-bikes both of which are prohibited in Natural Areas. Vice Chair Cunniff asked if there was any discussion around managing or mitigating dangerous speeds on the mixed-use trail system. Member Weber replied there has been discussion and it’s primarily the responsibility of Parks to manage the trail system; they have posted signs and warn users but have limited capacity to enforce compliance. Member Weber stated the increased use is a tradeoff between the quiet contemplation or recreation in natural area and the safety of getting cyclists off the streets. Member Weber reported the BAC also discussed their work plan and is recruiting board members as well. In response to Member Lopez’s inquiry about overpasses and underpasses, he stated those are significant expenses and that Bike FC comes to the BAC meeting each month with areas of concern resulting in conversations around short- and long-term solutions. Chair Elson thanked Member Weber for the update and his speaking to both sides of cycling activity in the Natural Areas and city. Department Updates Katie Donahue 30th Anniversary Thanked board members for attending and awarded kudos to staff, especially Charlotte Norville and Zoë Shark. Katie Donahue noted there are additional activities planned around the 30th Anniversary including trivia nights at Horse & Dragon. Staffing Update There will job announcements coming soon for ranger vacancies, and staff is currently in the process of temporarily filling the Ranger Supervisor position. Staff is also working to complete the job description for the Environmental Planner position created during 2023-24 BFO process. Land Conservation GOCO awarded a grant Larimer County for the purchase of the Buckeye property north of Laporte. Tawnya will update LCSB on the purchase details as part the of Quarterly Land Conservation update during the January meeting. Boards and Commissions meeting structure Because LCSB is a not a quasi-judicial advisory board, it is permissible to continue with the hybrid meeting format currently in place. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board Regular Meeting 1 2/14/2022 MINUTES Page 7 Northern Integrated Supply Project (NISP) The Army Corps of Engineers issued a Record of Decision (ROD) on Friday, December 9th for the NISP project. Staff sent a memo to Council notifying them of the ROD and will bring a summary of the ROD to Council in the coming weeks. Staff will also share the summary with LCSB. 8. ADJOURNMENT The meeting was adjourned at 7:22 p.m. Andrea Elson, Chair Date Page 1 of 2 Utilities Department Water Production Division 4316 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 970.221.6690 970.221.6736 - fax fcgov.com MEMORANDUM Date: To: Thru: From: January 11, 2023 Land Conservation and Stewardship Board Katie Donahue, Natural Areas Department Director Richard Thorp, Watershed Program Manager Subject City of Fort Collins Draft Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy and Guidance Purpose The purpose of this agenda item is to update the Land Conservation and Stewardship Board (LCSB) on the project team’s Policy development approach and to share final drafts of the Policy and Guidance. Recommended LCSB Motion The project team is seeking a formal motion from the LCSB to recommend that City Council adopt the final draft Policy Background The City’s urban lakes are valuable resources to our community, providing recreation, wildlife habitat, irrigation water storage, stormwater infrastructure and other beneficial uses. The City is committed to protecting the aesthetics, integrity and function of our urban lakes through effective water quality management. Urban Lakes include City-owned ponds, lakes, and reservoirs managed by the Natural Areas, Parks, and Utilities Departments within the City’s Growth Management Area (GMA) and excludes the City’s drinking water reservoirs. Water Quality is a term used to describe the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water relative to management goals. Managing water quality in the City’s urban lakes has become increasingly challenging due to a variety of factors. For example, prior to the onset of this project, there was not an accurate inventory or record of private and City-owned lakes within the City’s Growth Management Area. In addition, the City’s urban lakes water quality management jurisdiction has not been clearly defined, which in a few situations, has led to uncertainty regarding whether City staff should provide technical services to assist private lake managers. And lastly, pollution associated with urban growth and development, land use practices, climate change and other factors can lead to water quality impacts such as sedimentation, fish kills, algal blooms and water-borne pathogens. To address these challenges, a project team consisting of staff from Natural Areas, Parks, and Utilities Departments and SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) developed an Urban Lakes Water Page 2 of 2 Quality Management Policy and Guidance. The purpose of the Policy is to provide a foundational framework for the City’s operational and management decisions related to water quality management in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins. The Guidance is a technical resource intended to support City staff in implementing the Policy by providing several urban lakes water quality management tools. Final drafts of the Policy and Guidance are included as attachments to this memo. Budget for Project The project was funded in 2019 by City Council as a mid-cycle budget offer using $100K of Utilities funding. The project was subsequently paused during the first half of 2020, and the budget reduced to $50K due to COVID-19-related budget cuts. Natural Areas and Parks Departments contributed $12,500 each in 2021 to help replace some of the original budget that was cut. Next steps The Project Manager will be meeting with the Land Conservation and Stewardship Board, Parks and Recreation Board, Natural Resources Advisory Board and Water Commission in January to share the Policy development approach and final drafts of the Policy and Guidance. I am seeking a formal motion from each board and commission to recommend that City Council adopt the Policy. The project team anticipates that City Council will adopt the Policy during Q1 or Q2 of 2023. After the Policy has been adopted, the Policy and Guidance will be finalized. Attachments • Final draft City of Fort Collins Water Quality Management Policy for City-Owned Lakes and Stormwater Basins in the Growth Management Area • Final draft City of Fort Collins Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Guidance CC: Jill Oropeza, Utilities Water Quality Services Director Jason Graham, Director of Water Utilities DRAFT – December 2, 2022 – DRAFT Page 1 of 4 City of Fort Collins Water Quality Management Policy for City-Owned Lakes and Stormwater Basins in the Growth Management Area Background As development and urbanization have continued and increased in the Fort Collins Growth Management Area (“GMA”), new and existing water quality challenges in lakes and stormwater basins have arisen and intensified. Examples of these challenges include: pollution associated with urban growth, development, and land use practices; climate change; and other factors that can lead to water quality impacts such as sedimentation, fish kills, algal blooms, and water-borne pathogens. The City of Fort Collins (“City”) recognizes the importance of managing water quality in lakes and stormwater basins to support management goals for the benefit of community, ecosystems, and downstream water quality. Such management can also implement the City’s triple bottom line approach to consider social, economic, and environmental impacts, as well as supporting and furthering various City plans and objectives related to water quality. Numerous lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA are privately owned. By comparison, the City has some degree of control and influence over the water quality of the lakes and stormwater basins it owns. This City of Fort Collins Water Quality Management Policy for City-Owned Lakes and Stormwater Basins in the Growth Management Area (“Policy”), and the associated Guidance Document, have been created to provide a foundational framework for the City’s operational and management decisions related to water quality in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins. This Policy was developed using an integrated One Water approach by an inter-departmental team of City staff, including the Managing Departments listed below. The Policy’s content was further informed by feedback from key stakeholder groups, which included: urban lakes and water quality management subject matter experts; the City’s Land Conservation and Stewardship Board, Natural Resources Advisory Board, Parks and Recreation Board, and Water Commission; and members of the Fort Collins community. Vision and Purpose of the Policy The City’s vision is that water quality in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA supports management goals while also maintaining or improving aesthetics. To that end, the purpose of this Policy is to provide a foundational framework for the City’s operational and management decisions related to water quality management in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins. Key Terms The following describes and discusses several key terms used throughout this Policy. DRAFT – December 2, 2022 – DRAFT Page 2 of 4 City-owned lakes and stormwater basins refers to lakes and stormwater basins where the City owns the surrounding and underlying land and thus manages the water in them. Fort Collins Growth Management Area (“GMA”) is as defined in Section 1-2 of the Fort Collins Municipal Code, being the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area as defined in Article XIII of the Charter of the City, namely, that geographic area within and adjacent to the City identified by the Intergovernmental Agreement between the City and Larimer County as that area identified for annexation and urbanization by the City, including the Urban Growth Area as it exists on March 5, 1985, together with any amendments or changes thereto. Guidance Document refers to a separate document the City has developed and will update as a technical resource intended to support City staff in implementing this Policy. The Guidance Document provides Managing Departments with management tools, including0F 1: • Inventory of all City-owned lakes and stormwater basins; • Certain water quality-related information for City-owned lakes and stormwater basins; • Management categorization for City-owned lakes and stormwater basins, based on management goals of the respective Managing Departments; • Assistance with management prioritization; and • Best management practices for water quality management. Lakes refer to basins and depressions that are generally filled with water. For the purposes of this Policy, lakes include: on- and off-stream reservoirs filled with water diverted from the stream; ponds used to manage water for irrigation and other uses; unlined gravel pits that have filled in with groundwater; and other basins and depressions that are generally filled with water. Managing Departments refer to the components of the City organization that manage the City- owned lakes and stormwater basins. The current Managing Departments are Natural Areas, Parks, and Fort Collins Utilities. Stormwater Basins refer to areas that are designed to collect precipitation runoff, including snowmelt. Stormwater basins include both: stormwater detention basins/ponds, which are designed to temporarily detain stormwater, generally for less than 72 hours; and stormwater retention basins/ponds, which are designed to detain or store stormwater runoff for longer than 72 hours. Stormwater retention basins/ponds may also be lakes. Although stormwater basins do not always have water in them, they can influence water quality and are thus included in this Policy. Water quality refers to the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. Numerous human and natural factors can influence water quality. Water quality management refers to the use of pollution prevention and/or mitigation best practices to address water quality management goals. 1 In this Policy, “include” signifies a list that is not necessarily exhaustive. DRAFT – December 2, 2022 – DRAFT Page 3 of 4 Scope and Applicability of this Policy This Policy applies only to City-owned lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA. Nothing in this Policy is intended to conflict with any applicable laws, including: the City Charter and City Code; Colorado state law, including permits and approvals issued thereunder; federal law, including permits and approvals issued thereunder; and applicable agreements and other contractual arrangements. To the extent that there is such a conflict, the applicable law controls. This Policy does not apply to lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA that are not City-owned. For example, this Policy does not apply to lakes and stormwater basins owned by homeowners associations, or lakes owned by ditch or reservoir companies in which the City owns shares. The owners of such other lakes and stormwater basins are free to consider this Policy and the Guidance Document, in their discretion, in their management of their structures. This Policy does not apply to lakes and stormwater basins that are outside of the GMA. This includes reservoirs the City owns that are outside of the GMA (e.g., Joe Wright Reservoir). Those lakes and stormwater basins are generally located outside of the urban environment and face challenges distinct from those addressed in this Policy. The water quality challenges of those lakes and stormwater basins are thus addressed separately. The owners of such other lakes and stormwater basins are free to consider this Policy and the Guidance Document, in their discretion, in their management of those structures. Management Each Managing Department will manage water quality in their lakes and stormwater basins to address their own management goals. Specifically, Managing Departments will: 1. Identify which City-owned lakes and stormwater basins they are responsible for, relying on the inventory in the Guidance Document. If more than one Managing Department is responsible for a lake or stormwater basin, the responsible Managing Departments will work together on all aspects of management. 2. Identify the management goals for their lakes and stormwater basins based on their uses and purposes. This may include a consideration of the categories of types of lakes and stormwater basins and their various uses and purposes, as described in the Guidance Document. 3. Determine which of their City-owned lakes and stormwater basins should be prioritized for water quality management or other related actions. 4. Determine whether to act (or not act) on water quality issues.1F 2 5. Develop water quality management plans as necessary for prioritized City-owned lakes and stormwater basins (as discussed below). 6. Collaborate with other Managing Departments where responsibilities, projects, or other actions related to water quality management overlap with or will affect other departments. 7. Communicate internally within the City organization and externally to the Fort Collins community (as discussed below). 2 How Managing Departments staff and otherwise resource their actions are not addressed in this Policy. DRAFT – December 2, 2022 – DRAFT Page 4 of 4 Management Plans Managing Departments will develop water quality management plans for individual lakes and stormwater basins, as necessary, to address their water quality management goals. These plans may be separate, standalone documents, or may be integrated into other plans or other documents related to their lakes and stormwater basins. These plans should include: • statement of the Managing Department’s goals and priorities for their lakes and stormwater basins; • consideration of the analyses, recommendations, and other aspects of the Guidance Document; • water quality-related goals for their lakes and stormwater basins; • water quality management practices for their lakes and stormwater basins; • a communication strategy (as discussed below); and • other items appropriate to further the Managing Department’s goals and priorities. Communication Consistent with their communication strategy, Managing Departments will communicate internally within the City organization and externally with the Fort Collins community regarding water quality of lakes or stormwater basin. This will include communications regarding: water quality data; any public health risks; and non-routine maintenance work. Communications will be made pursuant to applicable City policies. Managing Departments will periodically communicate internally to improve interdepartmental alignment regarding water quality management practices. Policy and Guidance Document Updates An inter-departmental team from all of the Managing Departments (minimum 1 staff member from each) will be established to ensure proper implementation of this Policy and to periodically revise and update the Policy and Guidance Document as needed. The team will annually review the Guidance Document to identify and address data errors, necessary updates, and other opportunities for improvement, including: • Adding any City-owned lakes and stormwater basins to the inventory; • Updating lake-specific water quality information; and • Adding or updating water quality management practices. Date: Final Draft 12/21/2022 Page 1 of 94 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The City’s Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Guidance was developed by a diverse project team consisting of City staff from the Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities Departments and SWCA Environmental Consultants using a One Water Approach. The project team would like to acknowledge the importance of the feedback and recommendations received from the Land Conservation and Stewardship Board, Natural Resource Advisory Board, Parks and Recreation Board and the Water Commission. The project team also acknowledges the important role that subject matter experts and the general public played in the development of this project. Subject matter experts included representatives from Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Aquatic Associates, Colorado State University, Warren Lake HOA, Rigden Farm HOA, Richards Lake HOA, Fairway Estates HOA and Lake Sherwood Corporation. Page 2 of 94 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Fort Collins’ Urban Lakes ................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Challenges ....................................................................................................... 6 Algae Blooms ......................................................................................................................................................8 2.0 ADDRESSING URBAN LAKES WATER QUALITY CHALLENGES ...................................................................................... 8 2.1 Stormwater Management ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Stormwater Infrastructure Maintenance ...........................................................................................................8 MS4 Program ......................................................................................................................................................9 2.2 Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy ............................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Guidance ........................................................................................................ 11 3.0 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDANCE ......................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 City-owned Lakes Managers ........................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Private Lakes Managers .................................................................................................................................................. 12 4.0 ALIGNMENT WITH THE CITY AND STRATEGIC PLANS .................................................................................................. 12 5.0 METHODS - HOW WAS THIS GUIDANCE DEVELOPED? ................................................................................................ 12 5.1 Data and Information Gathering ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Subject Matter Expert Interviews and Surveys ............................................................................................... 13 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................................ 13 Inventory of City-Owned Urban Lakes ............................................................................................................ 13 Inventory of Water Quality Best Management Practices................................................................................ 13 5.2 Data Analyses .................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Water Quality Issues Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 14 Management Categorization ........................................................................................................................... 14 Water Quality Risk Rank Model ....................................................................................................................... 15 Geodatabase .................................................................................................................................................... 15 5.3 Management Tools .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 GIS Map Package, Google Earth Files and Map Book ...................................................................................... 16 Page 3 of 94 Best Management Practices Toolbox .............................................................................................................. 16 6.0 RESULTS - WHAT DID WE LEARN? .................................................................................................................................. 16 6.1 Inventory of City-owned Urban Lakes .............................................................................................................................. 16 6.2 Water Quality Issues ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 6.3 Management Categories.................................................................................................................................................. 19 6.4 Urban Lakes Geodatabase .............................................................................................................................................. 19 6.5 Map Package and Google Earth Geospatial Files ........................................................................................................... 19 6.6 Urban Lakes Water Quality Risk Rank Model .................................................................................................................. 19 6.7 Best Management Practices Toolbox .............................................................................................................................. 22 7.0 FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 22 8.0 LITERATURE CITED ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 ATTACHMENT 1 – FINAL DRAFT URBAN LAKES WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT POLICY ............................................ 24 ATTACHMENT 2 – SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT (SME) INTERVIEW AND SURVEY QUESTIONS ...................................... 28 SME Interview Questions....................................................................................................................................................... 28 SME Survey Questions .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 ATTACHMENT 3 - URBAN LAKES WATER QUALITY RISK RANK MODEL ........................................................................... 30 ATTACHMENT 4 – URBAN LAKES GEODATABASE AND ATTRIBUTE TABLE ..................................................................... 37 Fort Collins Detention Lakes .................................................................................................................................................. 53 ATTACHMENT 5 – MAPBOOK OF CITY-OWNED URBAN LAKES ......................................................................................... 61 ATTACHMENT 6 – WATER QUALITY ISSUES DATABASE .................................................................................................... 74 ATTACHMENT 7 – BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) TOOLBOX .......................................................................... 80 Page 4 of 94 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Algae – Aquatic plant-like organisms that contain chlorophyll. Algae blooms – Excessive growths of algae caused by excessive nutrients. Anoxia – The absence of oxygen. Aquatic habitat – Area of a lake providing food, shelter and other resources for organisms. Aquatic nuisance species – Plants or animals that can cause water quality issues in lakes. Benthic Sediment – The sediment at the bottom of a lake. Benthos – Organisms that live on or within benthic sediment in lakes. Best management practice (BMP) – Industry standards, or practices, used to manage natural resources, such as lakes. Bioaugmentation – A technique whereby bacteria are added to contaminated water to help treat a water quality issue. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) – A measurement of the amount of oxygen that is consumed by microorganisms. Contaminants of Emerging Concern (COCs and CECs) – Compounds for which water quality standards do not currently exist, such as certain personal care products, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, insect repellants and sunscreen. Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae) – Photosynthetic bacteria that can form blooms similar to algae and that can be toxic to both aquatic organisms, humans and other animals. Detritus – Decomposing organic matter in aquatic systems. Dissolved oxygen (DO) – A measure of the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. Ecology – The study of how organisms interact with their environments. Epilimnion – The uppermost layer of a lake that is stratified chemically and/or physically. Escherichia coli (E. coli) – A species of bacteria that occurs in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Eutrophication – Excess nutrients (nitrogen and/or phosphorus) in a lake. Geographic information system (GIS) – A computer-based software platform used for analyses of geospatial data. Growth Management Area (GMA) – An area within which the City’s future growth is limited, as agreed upon by the City of Fort Collins and Larimer County. Heavy metals – A group of metals often considered toxic to aquatic organisms in high concentrations. Invasive species – Any species present in a lake that is considered non-native. Lake productivity – A lake’s ability to support algae and plants. Page 5 of 94 Littoral zone – A narrow, often shallow zone along the edge of a lake. Macrophytes – Aquatic plants that can be seen with the eye that have roots and differentiated tissues. Morphometry (of lakes) – The physical characteristics of a lake including surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, shoreline characteristics, and volume. Nutrient loading – Influx of nutrients from the surrounding watershed are into a waterbody. Nutrients – Nitrogen and phosphorus. One Water approach - is an integrated planning and implementation approach to managing finite water resources for long- term resilience and reliability. pH – A measurement of how acidic or basic a water is on a scale of 0 (most acidic) through 14 (most basic). Photosynthesis – A chemical reaction whereby energy from sunlight and chlorophyll are used to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, which are used by plants as food. Oxygen is produced as a by-product of this reaction. Phytoplankton – Community of free-floating microscopic algae and cyanobacteria in a lake. Residence time – The amount of time water remains in a lake before it is completely renewed by inflows of new water. Salinity – A measure of the concentration of dissolved salts in water. Shoreline – Shoreline is defined as the margin of land along the edge of a lake. Stormwater runoff – Overland surface flow during and following precipitation events; stormwater runoff can convey pollutants from roadways, parking lots and other impermeable surfaces into lakes. Stratification (of lakes) – Process by which different chemical and physical horizontal layers form seasonally in some lakes. Thermal stratification – The formation of horizontal temperature zones or layers in some lakes. Thermocline – The narrow zone of rapid temperature change in thermally stratified lakes. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) – A measure of the total concentration minerals, metals, salts, and organic materials dissolved in water. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) – The total concentration of minerals, metals, salts, and organic materials suspended (not dissolved) in water. Turbidity – A measurement of the relative clarity of water; lower values translate to high clarity and higher low clarity. Urban Lakes – City-owned lakes, reservoirs and ponds located within the City’s Growth Management Area (GMA). Vegetation buffer – An urban lakes best management practice consisting of planting or maintaining vegetation along the edge of a lake to intercept pollutants that would otherwise enter a lake. Water quality issue – A physical, chemical, or biological stressor impacting a lake. Page 6 of 94 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The City of Fort Collins (Fort Collins) is located 65 miles north of Denver and is part of the northernmost extension of Colorado’s Front Range urban corridor. Fort Collins currently has a population of approximately 175,000 people (2020 census) and is projected to grow by an additional 70,000 residents by the year 2040 (City of Fort Collins 2019; World Population Review 2021). Concerns regarding Fort Collins’ rapid growth and development and the potential for suburban sprawl led to the development of a Growth Management Area (GMA) Intergovernmental Agreement between the City and Larimer County in 2000 (City of Fort Collins 2019; City of Fort Collins and Larimer County, 2008). The GMA is an agreed upon zoning district within which urban growth and development is allowed (Figure 1.1). Fort Collins’ rapid urban growth and development can significantly impact environmental resources by reducing air quality; overcrowding parks and natural areas; and degrading water quality in the City’s streams and lakes. 1.2 Fort Collins’ Urban Lakes Fort Collins’ urban lakes are defined as lakes and stormwater basins where the City owns the surrounding and underlying land and thus manages the water in them. The oldest of the City’s urban lakes were originally constructed during the 1800s for the purpose of diverting and storing water for irrigated agriculture (Duggan 2005). Many of the City’s urban lakes are either relic ditch or reservoir features from this early period or abandoned gravel mine pits that have been reclaimed as lakes, but the City has also continued to construct new urban lakes over the years. The City’s urban lakes are diverse in age, form and function and provide a broad range of beneficial uses to our community; including providing recreational opportunities, serving as wildlife habitat, storing irrigation water, serving as elements of the City’s stormwater infrastructure and other uses. 1.3 Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Challenges Managing water quality in the City’s urban lakes presents a range of challenges for City staff. For example, prior to the development of this project, a comprehensive list of all City-owned urban lakes and the City department responsible for managing each lake was lacking. In addition, the City’s urban lakes jurisdiction had not been clearly defined, which led to some uncertainty in terms of water quality management scope and priorities. City staff have become increasingly concerned with water quality issues impacting the City’s urban lakes. Many of these lakes have physical characteristics that impact water quality, such as being relatively small, shallow, and lacking inlets and/or outlets to renew water. In addition, physical, chemical and biological pollution associated with urban growth and development, land use practices, climate change and other factors can lead to water quality issues such as algae blooms, elevated concentrations of water-borne pathogens, nuisance odors and fish kills. The City’s urban lakes are managed to meet a variety of objectives and are impacted to varying degrees by water quality pollution. Where should the City’s finite urban lakes water quality management resources be focused? This is ultimately a FORT COLLINS’ RAPID URBAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES. Page 7 of 94 Figure 1.1 Map showing Fort Collins’ City Limits and Growth Management Area (GMA) (Source: City of Fort Collins 2005). Page 8 of 94 decision for each managing department. However, combining information about each lake’s management objectives, known water quality history and relative risk of future water quality degradation can assist managers in making these decisions. Once an urban lake water quality issue has been identified and prioritized for more focused management, the question then becomes: what measures can be taken to mitigate the issue? A comprehensive reference of urban lakes water quality best practices to both reduce water pollution and to mitigate existing water quality impacts would be beneficial. Algae Blooms The City’s urban lakes naturally contain aquatic communities, including macroinvertebrates, fish, plants, algae and other organisms. Algae are plant-like organisms containing chlorophyll that can be separated into three broad categories: filamentous, planktonic and macroalgae. As with plants, the growth of algae can be greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Many of the City’s Urban Lakes are small and shallow, receive abundant sunlight and are relatively stagnant. Lakes with these physical conditions are prone to algae blooms, especially when enriched by nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution. While algae are important components of lake aquatic communities, algae blooms can present significant water quality management challenges in the City’s urban lakes. Algae blooms can range in severity from the level of management nuisance to a significant community health threat. Algae blooms can harm other aquatic organisms and can lead to fish kills, odors and can negatively impact community usage. Some species of macroalgae called cyanobacteria can produce dangerous neurotoxins called cyanotoxins during harmful algae blooms (HABS). However, it is important to note that not all algae blooms are caused by cyanobacteria and not all cyanobacteria blooms are HABS. Algae blooms have been identified by City staff and stakeholder groups during Policy and Guidance development (see Section 2 below) as the most significant urban lakes water quality concern. The mechanisms by which nutrients enter the City’s urban lakes are varied and complex and include permitted wastewater discharge; permitted stormwater discharges; non-point pollution from urban landscapes; agricultural runoff; wildlife and pet waste; atmospheric deposition; and internal loading from lakebed sediments and other sources. The Best Management Practices (BMPS) Toolbox in Attachment 7 of this Guidance lists several suggested best practices to assist managers with reducing nutrient input to lakes and addressing algae blooms. 2.0 ADDRESSING URBAN LAKES WATER QUALITY CHALLENGES 2.1 Stormwater Management Stormwater Infrastructure Maintenance The City’s Stormwater Maintenance Division is responsible for removing debris from several irrigation system trash racks associated with ditches that have been placed underground by the City. Local irrigation companies also regularly remove debris from open ditches throughout the City for the purpose of delivering water to shareholders. The City is currently in the process of hiring a contractor to remove homeless encampment debris from the City’s stormwater infrastructure. …ALGAE BLOOMS CAN PRESENT SIGNIFICANT WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE CITY’S URBAN LAKES. Page 9 of 94 MS4 Program The City of Fort Collins implements several programs and practices designed to reduce the discharge of pollutants to local water bodies via the storm sewer system. These programs are implemented in accordance with Colorado Discharge Permit System General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4), a practice-based permit under which the city is authorized to discharge. Programs and activities, as they relate to urban lakes management and water quality protection, are as follows: 1. Public Education and Outreach – a public education program to promote behavior change by the public to reduce pollutants in discharges from the MS4. Staff take a multi-pronged approach, from school-age and adult programs to social media to address the impacts of stormwater discharges on water bodies, the steps that can be taken to reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff, and water quality impacts associated with spills and improper disposal of waste. Topics include nutrient sources such as yard waste and fertilizer use, as well as other pollutant sources and reduction practices. 2. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination – a program to effectively prohibit pollutant discharges to the MS4, which includes municipal code Section 26-498 and enforcement procedures. Staff respond to reports of spills, dumping, and illegal connections to ensure pollutant sources are stopped and mitigated. 3. Construction Sites Runoff Control - a program to reduce or prevent the discharge of pollutants to the MS4 from applicable construction activities. Construction sites are required to implement sediment and erosion control and pollution prevention practices in accordance with the city’s Stormwater Criteria Manual; staff implement a plan review and inspection program to verify compliance with the requirements. 4. Post-Construction Stormwater Management – a program to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the MS4 from applicable development sites after development is completed. New and redeveloped sites are required to install permanent stormwater quality treatment measures, such as Low Impact Development (LID) that meets the city’s Stormwater Design Criteria; staff must ensure proper design, installation, and long-term operation and maintenance of these measures. 5. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations – a program to prevent or reduce water quality impacts from pollutants being discharged to the MS4 from municipal facilities and operations. Staff implement a program to provide staff training, Municipal Facility Runoff Control Plans, inspections, and Standard Operating Procedures including the storage and application of fertilizers. 2.2 Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy A project team consisting of staff from Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities Departments, the City Attorney’s Office and SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) addressed the above urban lakes management concerns by developing an Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy (see Attachment 1 for Policy) using an integrated One Water Approach. The purpose of the Policy is to provide a foundational framework for the City’s operational and management decisions related to water quality management in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins and to support implementation of the Guidance. The project team conducted community engagement to better understand urban lake water quality concerns and inform policy development. Community engagement included: 1. Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) were interviewed and/or surveyed during April and May of 2021 to better understand known water concerns in City-owned urban lakes (see Attachment 2). SMEs included City staff; local private lakes managers; ecological consultants; scientists with Colorado Parks and Page 10 of 94 Wildlife and Colorado State University; and others. Information from this effort was used to both develop the Guidance (see Section 5.1 below) and inform Policy development. SME feedback included: • Nutrient pollution, algae blooms, odors, and low oxygen concentrations were the primary water quality concerns • A technical resource is needed to assist City staff with managing urban lakes water quality and implementing the Policy 2. City Advisory Boards were engaged during September of 2021 to solicit feedback on the project team’s Policy development approach, including community engagement. City Advisory Boards included the Land Conservation and Stewardship Board; Natural Resource Advisory Board; Parks and Recreation Board; and Water Commission. City Advisory Board feedback included: • City-owned Urban Lakes and the City’s management jurisdiction should be defined in the Policy • Recommended improving urban lakes water quality-related communication with community members • Suggested increasing transparency with how City-owned lakes are managed • Should be made clear that the Guidance is meant to support implementation of the Policy The project team presented final drafts of the Policy and Guidance to these City Advisory Boards in January 2022 and requested a formal motion from each board to recommend that City Council adopt the Policy. 3. The Community at large was engaged to better understand the diverse perspectives in our community regarding water quality in City-owned Urban Lakes. Engagement efforts were designed to be equitable and inclusive, to better understand the diverse perspectives in our community, with a focus on community members whose voices are often underrepresented during City processes. The project team’s engagement approach included the development of an urban lakes water quality survey; the use of a social media campaign and the creation of project informational websites, where the survey was posted. All engagement materials were developed in both English and Spanish. City staff also engaged community members directly at targeted lakes and in using focused meetings with some groups. Targeted lakes, representing each department were selected using vulnerability indicators included in the City’s 2021 Equity and Opportunity Assessment Study (City of Fort Collins, 2001b). Vulnerability indicators included housing, education, income and race and ethnicity. Targeted lakes included Overland Park Pond and Sheldon Lake (Parks); Arapaho Bend Ponds, North Shields Pond and Riverbend Ponds (Natural Areas); Avery Pond (Utilities); and Rigden Reservoir (Utilities/Natural Areas). The project team conducted 30 community engagement events at targeted lakes between May and June of 2022. A total of 437 people were observed engaged in various activities at targeted lakes. The project team directly engaged with 1,444 people at engagement events and a total of 273 surveys were completed. The majority of survey respondents (87%) identified as white, which is 2021 US census where 85% of people in Fort Collins identified as white. Respondent age varied greatly, with the exception of minimal participation in the 15–19- year-old range. Household income also varied greatly, with the most common responses (35%) indicating between $75,000- $150,000 household income. 15% of respondents indicated some college or an associate’s degree, while 76% of respondents indicated an education level of Bachelor degree or higher. What did we learn from community members regarding City-owned urban lakes? • The City’s urban lakes are highly valued assets to our community; Page 11 of 94 • Wildlife viewing, aesthetic, intrinsic and accessibility were the most commonly reported values; • Hiking/walking, dog walking, wildlife viewing and fishing were the most commonly reported activities; • Algae, odors and fish kills were the most common water quality concerns; and Nearly half of survey respondents reported that water quality had negatively impacted their experience and altered their patterns of usage. In summary, the City’s urban lakes are important to many in our community and support wildlife habitat, provide natural beauty, intrinsic and other values. The community engagement survey helped staff to document our community’s urban lakes water quality priorities and concerns. Engaging with community members at select urban lakes provided additional insight through observation of activities and direct feedback. It is concerning that nearly half of people surveyed have been negatively impacted by water quality issues in some City-owned urban lakes and avoid these areas. Survey respondents expressed support and appreciation for the development of an urban lakes water quality management Policy and Guidance. The City’s project team used a series focused meetings and facilitated workshops to create a draft Policy. The draft Policy was recommended for adoption by the City Advisory Boards above and was ultimately adopted by City Council on ?, 2023. The final Policy is included in Attachment 1. The policy includes: • a background, vision and purpose to provide a rationale for why Policy was developed; • definitions for several key terms; • a description of the City’s urban lakes water quality management scope, including jurisdiction; • expectations regarding urban lakes water quality management and management plans; • communication between departments and the community; and • staff accountability regarding Policy implementation, including future Policy and Guidance updates. 2.4 Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Guidance The project team developed this Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Guidance as a technical resource to assist City staff with implementing the Policy. The Guidance is not intended to serve as a prescriptive water quality management plan for the City’s urban lakes. Rather, water quality in urban lakes is complex and management plans should be developed on a case-by case basis. This Guidance includes a complete inventory of all City-owned Urban lakes within the growth management area, as well as a summary of known water quality issues. Urban lakes management categories were developed based on departmental management goals and lakes were prioritized for management based on relative water quality risk. And lastly, a list of effective best management practices (BMPs) for mitigating water quality in urban lakes was developed. A suggested Guidance implementation approach is included in Section 3.0 below under ‘How to Use this Guidance’. A detailed description of how each element of Guidance was developed is described in Section 5.0. 3.0 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDANCE 3.1 City-owned Lakes Managers This Guidance provides City staff with an inventory of City-owned urban lakes within the City’s GMA and which lakes are THE CITY’S URBAN LAKES ARE HIGHLY VALUED ASSETS TO OUR COMMUNITY Page 12 of 94 under Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities management jurisdiction – where known. The Guidance also includes a summary of what is known about water quality in each of the City’s Urban Lakes. This information can be accessed using Geodatabase tables in Appendix B of this document and the Map Book in Appendix C; using the Urban Lakes Map Package with ArcGIS Geographic Information System Software; and/or using Urban Lakes KMZ files with Google Earth. The City owns hundreds of Urban Lakes that have either been specifically designed or adapted to meet a range of management goals, which can have water quality implications. Lakes have therefore been sorted into detention and retention lakes based on hydrologic regime and then further separated into management categories based on primary and secondary management goals. Managing departments have the daunting task of determining which lakes within their jurisdiction should be prioritized for focused water quality management. In an effort to assist with these decisions, the project team developed a risk rank geospatial model that ranks retention lakes from low-high priority based on water quality risk. And lastly, the Guidance contains a diverse toolbox of BMPs to assist managers with mitigating urban lakes water quality issues. BMPs include those designed to reduce pollution loading to lakes and others designed to mitigate existing water quality issues (see Appendix F). 3.2 Private Lakes Managers Fort Collins’ private lakes managers face many of the same water quality management challenges as those documented for the City’s Urban Lakes. As such, there exists an opportunity for private lakes managers and City staff to share information on BMPs that have been successfully implemented to mitigate water quality issues. The City’s project team engaged several local private lakes managers along with other local subject matter experts during Guidance development to identify urban lakes water quality challenges and appropriate BMPs. The project team anticipates that the BMP Toolbox in Attachment F of the Guidance will be particularly useful for assisting private lakes managers with managing water quality issues on private lakes. 4.0 ALIGNMENT WITH THE CITY AND STRATEGIC PLANS Fort Collins’ City Plan (City of Fort Collins 2019) lists Environmental Health as a key outcome area, which is supported by several policies and principles. The Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy and Guidance align with the Environmental Health principles listed below: Principle ENV 1 – Conserve, create and enhance ecosystems and natural spaces within Fort Collins, the GMA and the region. Principle ENV 6 – Manage water resources in a manner that enhances and protects water quality, supply and reliability. The Policy and Guidance further aligns with the City’s Strategic Plan by addressing the following strategic objectives: Strategic Objective 4.5 – Protect and enhance natural resources on City-owned properties and throughout the community. Strategic Objective 4.6 – Sustain and improve the health of the Cache la Poudre River and all watersheds within the City. 5.0 METHODS - HOW WAS THIS GUIDANCE DEVELOPED? The project team developed this Guidance using the process summarized in Figure 5.1 below, including urban lakes data and information gathering; data analyses; development of a geographic information system geodatabase; and development of urban lakes water quality management tools. Detailed methods for each step of the Guidance development process are provided in subsections below. Page 13 of 94 5.1 Data and Information Gathering An important first step in Guidance development was to gather existing water quality data and other information regarding the City’s Urban Lakes. This process involved conducting subject matter expert (SME) interviews and surveys and a literature review. Subject Matter Expert Interviews and Surveys Internal (City staff) and external (non-City staff) subject matter expert (SME) interviews and surveys were conducted to gather data and other information about the City’s urban lakes. SWCA conducted five 1-hour virtual interviews with SMEs selected by the City’s project team. Three of the interviews were conducted with small groups of City staff (four to six attendees) from Parks, Utilities and Natural Areas Departments. The remaining two interviews were conducted with Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) and Aquatic Associates, LLC staff. External SME surveys were also conducted to gather additional water quality related data and other information. The survey was sent to 12 external SME representatives from local ditch companies, Colorado State University, private lake homeowners associations (HOAs) within Fort Collins and local non-profits. In instances where there were incomplete responses to interview or survey questions or clarification was needed, SWCA conducted brief follow-up interviews or sent additional questions by email. Interview and survey structure and questions are included in Appendix A. In order to maintain anonymity, a complete list of individuals involved in the SME interviews and surveys is not provided herein. Interviews and surveys helped inventory City-owned lakes; yielded information about lake-specific physical characteristics and water quality information; documented available water quality data sources; management objectives; and water quality best practices that have been implemented. Water quality information and data, including water quality issues and best management practices, were added to the geodatabase. Literature Review A literature review was conducted by SWCA to identify peer-reviewed literature and online-published news articles on urban lake water quality issues along Colorado’s Front Range. Search terms included word combinations such as “Colorado urban lakes water quality,” “Colorado urban lakes,” “lake algae Colorado,” and “Colorado lake fish kills.” Resulting articles and news events were reviewed for water quality issues and best practices that may be applicable to the City’s urban lakes. Results of the literature review were used to help develop a baseline inventory of urban lake water quality issues for this Guidance. Inventory of City-Owned Urban Lakes Data and information obtained during subject matter expert interviews and surveys and from the project team were used to develop a detailed inventory of City-owned lakes within the City’s Growth Management Area (GMA). Inventory of Water Quality Best Management Practices An inventory of urban lakes water quality best practices (BMPs) was developed to provide lakes managers with a toolbox of relevant BMPs. BMPs can be grouped into two broad categories: those used to mitigate existing urban lakes water quality issues and those used reduce the risk of future issues occurring. The inventory of BMPs was compiled using information obtained during SME interviews and surveys and was augmented with additional BMPs as suggested by the project team. Page 14 of 94 Figure 5.1. Graphic showing the process used for developing the City’s Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Guidance. 5.2 Data Analyses Water quality related information ere used to conduct a series of analyses including an inventory of known water quality issues impacting the City’s lakes; the creation of management categories; and the development of a process to assist managers with prioritizing lakes for management. Water Quality Issues Analysis The Water Quality Issues Analysis (WBI) included an inventory of current, historic and potential future water quality impacts to the City’s urban lakes. The project team compiled this information using SME interviews and surveys and the literature review described above. The inventory provides a description of each issue, causes, management challenges, recommended pollution mitigation best practices and other information. Management Categorization The City’s urban lakes have been designed and are currently managed to achieve a range of goals, which can impact water quality to varying degrees. It is therefore useful for the City’s urban lakes to be grouped into discrete management categories to better anticipate and mitigate water quality issues. The project team used information obtained during SME interviews and surveys to develop a draft list of potential management categories for the City’s urban lakes. The draft list was further refined using additional feedback from City staff from Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities Departments into a final list of urban lakes management categories. Because many of the City’s urban lakes are managed to achieve more than one management goal, primary and secondary management categories were assigned by the project team for each urban lake, where applicable. DATA AND INFORMATION GATHERING DATA ANALYSES GEODATABASE DEVELOPMENT CREATED MANAGEMENT TOOLS •SME Interviews and Surveys •Literature Review •Inventory of BMPs •Water Quality Issues Analyses •Management Categories Created •Water Quality Risk Rank Modelling •Inventory of City- owned Urban Lakes •Lakes Water Quality Risk Assessment •GIS Map Package •Google Earth Files •Map Book •BMP Toolbox Page 15 of 94 Water Quality Risk Rank Model City staff are tasked with managing the water quality of many urban lakes with limited resources. Which lakes should managers focus resources to address the highest water quality risks and achieve the greatest impact? The project team attempted to address this question by developing a Risk Rank Geospatial Model (Model) to help guide managers. The Model combines a variety of lake water quality criteria, including primary and secondary management category; lake surface area; existing water quality issues; adjacent land use within 200 feet of the lake; estimated water residence time; groundwater connection to the Poudre River; and whether each lake is on the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s 303(d) List of Impaired and Threatened Waters. These model inputs were broken out into separate categories, such as “yes” or “no” for existing water quality issues or “vacant,” “residential,” or “industrial” for adjacent land uses. The project team assigned a relative numeric value, or ‘weight’ to each model factor based on the level of urban lakes water quality management concern. For example, “vacant” land received a lower score than “commercial” because developed lots would be expected to present a greater water quality risk to adjacent lakes due to elevated risk of nutrient, pathogen and other pollutant loading. Risk Rank Model scores were calculated for each lake by summing individual criteria scores (Table 5.1). Lake scores ranged from 0 to 1, with higher values near 1 representing lakes with a higher relative water quality risk. Scores were separated into three discrete bins corresponding to low (0.1–0.25), medium (0.251–0.5) and high (0.51–1.0) water quality risk. Lakes having no data for one or more criteria were not assessed. Model inputs; criteria descriptions, weights and supporting rationale; and calculated scores can be found in Attachment B. Model risk rankings were validated using desktop analyses on a subset of 20 randomly selected lakes to ensure that the model was accurately calibrated. Minor adjustments were made to the numeric scores and weights as needed. Geodatabase The project team developed a geographic information system (GIS) geodatabase and an associated Map Package of City- owned Urban Lakes within the GMA. The geodatabase includes individual lake physical, chemical, biological and other water quality information collected during SME interviews and surveys and literature review. The metadata associated with the Risk Rank Model are also included in the Geodatabase. 5.3 Management Tools The project team developed several tools to assist City staff with managing water quality in the City’s Urban Lakes. These tools included an inventory of all City-owned lakes within the GMA (see Section 6.3); a water quality risk assessment (see Section 6.2.3); a Geographic Information System Map Package and Google Earth Files; a Map Book; and BMP Toolbox. WATER QUALITY RISK RANK GEOSPATIAL MODELLING Score Risk Rank Description 0.1-0.25 Low Lakes with low risk of water quality issues 0.251-0.50 Medium Lakes with medium risk of water quality issues 0.51-1.0 High Lakes with high risk of water quality issues Table 5.1 Table showing Water Quality Risk Rank Geospatial modelling scoring ranges, ranking categories and descriptions Page 16 of 94 GIS Map Package, Google Earth Files and Map Book An Urban Lakes Geographic Information System Map Package was developed to provide the City’s lakes managers with interactive mapping tools in addition to what is provided in this Guidance. In addition to the Map Package, Google Earth KMZ files were also created, providing managers with the option to use Google Earth as an additional urban lakes management tool. And lastly, a Map Book including all of the City’s Urban Lakes was developed as an additional reference for managers. Best Management Practices Toolbox The BMP Toolbox includes a list of more than 50 BMPs and additional supporting information for each, including a brief description of the BMP; water quality issue(s) being targeted; applicable lake conditions; any potential negative outcomes; relevant permitting and water rights for managers to consider; any potential BMP co-benefits, approximate costs, including operations and maintenance costs per year; and additional resources. A description of these attributes can be found in the BMP Analysis Summary below. 6.0 RESULTS - WHAT DID WE LEARN? This section provides a summary of what was learned during the data and information gathering and analyses phases of the Guidance development process and the tools that have been developed to assist City staff with managing Urban Lakes water quality. 6.1 Inventory of City-owned Urban Lakes City-owned urban lakes were sorted into two broad categories: detention and retention lakes. Detention lakes typically only hold water temporarily (<72 hours) and are mostly used to achieve specific stormwater management objectives. In contrast, retention lakes are characterized by holding water for longer periods of time (>72 hours) (Figure 6.1). Both categories of lakes were inventoried in this Guidance; however, the development of water quality management tools focused on retention lakes only. There are a total of 461 lakes within the City’s Growth Management Area; including 304 City-owned Urban Lakes and 157 that are not City-owned. The City’s Urban Lakes include 148 detention lakes and 156 detention lakes (Table 6.1; Figures 6.1 and 6.2). The distribution of retention vs detention lakes under management by Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities Departments differs widely. Natural Areas primarily manages retention ponds, whereas Utilities manages mostly stormwater detention ponds. Parks manages roughly equal numbers of retention and detention ponds. It’s important to note that a managing CITY-OWNED URBAN LAKES Detention Lakes Retention Lakes Total Lakes Natural Areas 4 50 54 Parks 27 28 55 Utilities 87 7 94 Natural Areas/Utilities 0 3 3 Unknown 38 60 98 156 148 304 Table 6.1. Table listing the number of detention and retention lakes managed by Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities Departments, and the total number of City-owned lakes. Page 17 of 94 Figure 6.1. City of Fort Collins City-owned retention and detention lakes within the Fort Collins Growth Management Area (Source: City of Fort Collins 2005). Page 18 of 94 Figure 6.2. Map showing City-owned Urban Lakes within the GMA and managing department. Page 19 of 94 department has not currently been identified for 98, or 32% of City-owned lakes. A full list of City-owned detention and retention lakes, along with unique identification numbers (MXASSETNUM) and other data and information can be found in Attachment C. A detailed Mapbook of all City-owned Urban Lakes can be found in Attachment D. 6.2 Water Quality Issues The water quality issues analyses resulted in 49 unique urban lakes water quality issues (Attachment E). Issues range from specific pollutants to physical causes of water quality degradation. Additional information includes a description of each issue; potential cause(s), management challenges and reference materials are also provided as management resources. Information regarding known urban lakes water quality issues is included in the Geodatabase and Urban Lakes attribute tables in Attachment C. 6.3 Management Categories There were nine unique management categories created for this Guidance; these included: Golf Course, Wildlife, Fisheries, Stormwater/Flood Control, Ornamental, Recreation, Water Storage, Sediment Retention and Other/Urban. The City’s retention lakes were assigned primary and secondary management categories based on departmental management objectives (Table 6.2). The majority of the City’s retention lakes are managed to provide wildlife habitat, to serve as stormwater infrastructure features or as storage reservoirs. The most common departmental management categories were Wildlife, Storage and Stormwater/Flood Control for Natural Areas, Parks and Utilities, respectively. 6.4 Urban Lakes Geodatabase The Urban Lakes Guidance Geographic Information System (GIS) Geodatabase contains an attribute table with detailed information about City-owned retention lakes. Managers are able to use the attribute table to quickly identify individual lakes using a unique identification number (MXASSETNUM) that is referenced in the City’s Maximo Asset Management System as well as lake names, when available. Additional lake-specific information includes lake physical characteristics; managing department and assigned management categories; water quality issues referenced in see Appendix E; BMPs referenced in Appendix F that have been implemented and level of effectiveness; and additional notes to help inform managers. A complete copy of the Urban Lakes Geodatabase attribute table is included for reference in Appendix C. Please note that many of the City’s urban lakes have little or no attribute data beyond a MXASSETNUM. 6.5 Map Package and Google Earth Geospatial Files The Urban Lakes Geodatabase was used to develop an Urban Lakes GIS Map Package that can be used with Geographic Information System Software and KMZ lakes files that can be used with Google Earth. The Map Package and KMZ files contain the same lake specific attributes contained in Appendix A, providing managers with several options for accessing this information. The Risk Rank Model results (see below) can be viewed by lakes managers using the Map Package and .KMZ files in Google Earth. 6.6 Urban Lakes Water Quality Risk Rank Model The Urban Lakes Water Quality Risk Rank Model was developed to help the City’s lakes managers identify which retention lakes are at low, medium and high risk for water quality issues. The model identified 19 retention lakes that are considered the highest priority based on known water quality history, adjacent land use and other risk factors (Table 6.2). A full listing of prioritization ranks for retention lakes is available in Attachment C and a map of these lakes is included in Figure 6.3. There were 58 lakes that could not be assessed because necessary data to run the model were lacking. Page 20 of 94 URBAN LAKE MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES Natural Areas (50) Parks (28) Utilities (7) Utilities/ Natural Areas (3) Golf Course 1 Wildlife 50 2 Fisheries 11 Stormwater/Flood Control 27 2 5 2 Ornamental Recreation 10 Storage 27 2 1 Sediment Retention Other/Urban 1 HIGH PRIORITY URBAN LAKES Lake Name Managing Department Priority Prospect Ponds North Natural Areas High Merganser Pond (Prospect Ponds) Natural Areas High Catfish Pond (Prospect Ponds) Natural Areas High Heron Pond Natural Areas High Cathy Fromme Pond Natural Areas High Blackbird Pond (Cattail Chorus) Natural Areas High Sunfish Pond (McMurry) Natural Areas High Duck Lake Natural Areas High Little and Big Bass Ponds (Arapaho Bend) Natural Areas High I-25 Pond (Arapahoe Bend) Natural Areas High Homestead Pond Natural Areas High Edora Park Pond Parks High Spring Creek Park Pond Parks High Spring Creek Dog Park Pond Parks High Portner Reservoir #2 Parks High Portner Reservoir #3 Parks High Sheldon Lake Parks High Fossil Creek Community Park Pond #1 Parks High Troutman Park Pond - East Parks High Table 6.2. Table summarizing urban lakes primary and secondary management categories for retention lakes managed by Natural Areas, Parks, Utilities and Utilities/Natural Areas Departments. The number of retention lakes managed by each department is shown in parentheses. Table 6.3. Table summarizing City-owned urban lakes that are considered the highest priority for management based on risk rank water quality modelling. Page 21 of 94 Figure 6.3. Map showing water quality risk rankings, from low to high, for the City’s urban retention lakes. Page 22 of 94 6.7 Best Management Practices Toolbox The BMP inventory that was conducted as part of Guidance development was used to create a BMP Toolbox (Appendix F). The BMP Toolbox includes 51 unique BMPs, including those currently used by City staff, and others that were suggested by SMEs or identified by the project team. BMPs include those that are designed to mitigate existing water quality issues and those that are reduce the risk of future water quality issues. BMPs are designed to target water quality issues such as algae blooms, macrophytes, sedimentation, water-borne pathogens, low dissolved oxygen, nutrient loading and other management challenges. Each BMP is detailed in the BMP Toolbox; including a description on the BMP, treatment mechanism, targeted pollutants, cost estimates for implementation, references and other information. 7.0 FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS This Guidance is meant to provide a starting point for City staff tasked with managing Urban Lakes water quality – including a lakes inventory and management tools. An important next step for managers will be to prioritize lakes for management based on information in this Guidance and other resources and to develop specific management plans with targeted mitigation strategies as necessary. This Guidance is intended to be iterative and should be updated periodically to maintain an accurate inventory of the City’s Urban Lakes, water quality issues impacting these important resources and the latest BMPs. The Geodatabase, .KMZ map files and Risk Rank Model should also be updated as necessary over time to add new lakes or edit attributes of existing lakes. The Guidance has been primarily developed to support the City’s Urban Lakes management. However, it will be shared with the public and will likely be particularly useful for private lakes managers. It is recommended that the City also develop a webpage containing the Guidance and other information about the City’s Urban Lakes and ways our community can help reduce water quality impacts. It is further recommended that the City develop an interactive webmap that allows the public to learn more about Urban Lakes water quality concerns. And lastly, the Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy and Guidance were developed using a cross-departmental One Water Approach. The process ultimately aligned Natural Areas, Parks, Utilities and provided an opportunity for increased communication, teamwork, the identification of co-benefits, and overall integration of resource management. It is the hope of the project team that this project serves as another strong example of the potential benefits of adopting a City-wide One Water Framework. 8.0 LITERATURE CITED City of Fort Collins. 2005. Fort Collins Growth Management Area. Available at: https://www.fcgov.com/fortfund/pdf/growth- management-map.pdf. Accessed July 7, 2021. ———. 2019. Fort Collins City Plan. Available at: https://ourcity.fcgov.com/cityplan/widgets/ 4617/documents. Accessed July 6, 2021. ———. 2020. 2020 Strategic Plan. Available at: https://www.fcgov.com/citymanager/files/20-22326-2020-strategic-plan- document_final.pdf?1592600042. Accessed July 7, 2021. ———. 2021a. Principles and Policies: Environmental Health. Available at: Environmental Health Policies | Fort Collins City Plan (fcgov.com). Accessed July 10, 2021. ———. 2021b. City of Fort Collins Equity and Opportunity Assessment. Available at:. Accessed March 15, 2021. Page 23 of 94 City of Fort Collins and Larimer County. 2008. Larimer County and City of Fort Collins Intergovernmental Agreements. Available at: https://www.fcgov.com/planning/pdf/iga- doc.pdf#:~:text=Growth%20Management%20Area%20Established.%20The%20parties%20agree%20that,provided %20public%20services%20and%20facilities%20at%20urban%20levels. Accessed July 7, 2021. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. 2011. Statewide Water Quality Management Plan. Available at: https://spl.cde.state.co.us/artemis/hemonos/ he17202st22011internet/. Accessed July 14, 2021. Duggan, K. 2005. Water History of Fort Collins and area. Available at: https://www.tlra.co/water- history/#:~:text=Flooding%20has%20been%20part%20of%20the%20Poudre%E2%80%99s%20history,settlers%20c ame%20to%20tame%20the%20land%2C%20Werner%20said. Accessed July 14, 2021. Munson, B.H., R. Axler, C. Hagley, G. Host, G. Merrick, and C. Richards. 2004. Water on the Web: Understanding Lake Ecology. Available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ watertrain/pdf/limnology.pdf. Accessed July 12, 2021. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2021. Lakes and Reservoirs. Available at: https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science- school/science/lakes-and-reservoirs?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects. Accessed July 16, 2021. World Population Review. 2021. Fort Collins, Colorado Population 2021. Available at: https://worldpopulationreview.com/us- cities/fort-collins-co-population. Accessed July 7, 2021. Page 24 of 94 ATTACHMENT 1 – FINAL DRAFT URBAN LAKES WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT POLICY City of Fort Collins Final Draft - Water Quality Management Policy for City-Owned Lakes and Stormwater Basins in the Growth Management Area Background As development and urbanization have continued and increased in the Fort Collins Growth Management Area (“GMA”), new and existing water quality challenges in lakes and stormwater basins have arisen and intensified. Examples of these challenges include: pollution associated with urban growth, development, and land use practices; climate change; and other factors that can lead to water quality impacts such as sedimentation, fish kills, algae blooms, and water-borne pathogens. The City of Fort Collins (“City”) recognizes the importance of managing water quality in lakes and stormwater basins to support management goals for the benefit of community, ecosystems, and downstream water quality. Such management can also implement the City’s triple bottom line approach to consider social, economic, and environmental impacts, as well as supporting and furthering various City plans and objectives related to water quality. Numerous lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA are privately owned. By comparison, the City has some degree of control and influence over the water quality of the lakes and stormwater basins it owns. This City of Fort Collins Water Quality Management Policy for City-Owned Lakes and Stormwater Basins in the Growth Management Area (“Policy”), and the associated Guidance Document, have been created to provide a foundational framework for the City’s operational and management decisions related to water quality in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins. This Policy was developed using an integrated One Water approach by an inter-departmental team of City staff, including the Managing Departments listed below. The Policy’s content was further informed by feedback from key stakeholder groups, which included: urban lakes and water quality management subject matter experts; the City’s Land Conservation and Stewardship Board, Natural Resources Advisory Board, Parks and Recreation Board, and Water Commission; and members of the Fort Collins community. Vision and Purpose of the Policy The City’s vision is that water quality in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA supports management goals while also maintaining or improving aesthetics. To that end, the purpose of this Policy is to provide a foundational framework for the City’s operational and management decisions related to water quality management in City-owned lakes and stormwater basins. Key Terms The following describes and discusses several key terms used throughout this Policy. City-owned lakes and stormwater basins refers to lakes and stormwater basins where the City owns the surrounding and underlying land and thus manages the water in them. Fort Collins Growth Management Area (“GMA”) is as defined in Section 1-2 of the Fort Collins Municipal Code, being the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area as defined in Article XIII of the Charter of the City, namely, that geographic area within and adjacent Page 25 of 94 to the City identified by the Intergovernmental Agreement between the City and Larimer County as that area identified for annexation and urbanization by the City, including the Urban Growth Area as it exists on March 5, 1985, together with any amendments or changes thereto. Guidance Document refers to a separate document the City has developed and will update as a technical resource intended to support City staff in implementing this Policy. The Guidance Document provides Managing Departments with management tools, including0F1: • Inventory of all City-owned lakes and stormwater basins; • Certain water quality-related information for City-owned lakes and stormwater basins; • Management categorization for City-owned lakes and stormwater basins, based on management goals of the respective Managing Departments; • Assistance with management prioritization; and • Best management practices for water quality management. Lakes refer to basins and depressions that are generally filled with water. For the purposes of this Policy, lakes include: on- and off-stream reservoirs filled with water diverted from the stream; ponds used to manage water for irrigation and other uses; unlined gravel pits that have filled in with groundwater; and other basins and depressions that are generally filled with water. Managing Departments refer to the components of the City organization that manage the City-owned lakes and stormwater basins. The current Managing Departments are Natural Areas, Parks, and Fort Collins Utilities. Stormwater Basins refer to areas that are designed to collect precipitation runoff, including snowmelt. Stormwater basins include both: stormwater detention basins/ponds, which are designed to temporarily detain stormwater, generally for less than 72 hours; and stormwater retention basins/ponds, which are designed to detain or store stormwater runoff for longer than 72 hours. Stormwater retention basins/ponds may also be lakes. Although stormwater basins do not always have water in them, they can influence water quality and are thus included in this Policy. Water quality refers to the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. Numerous human and natural factors can influence water quality. Water quality management refers to the use of pollution prevention and/or mitigation best practices to address water quality management goals. Scope and Applicability of this Policy This Policy applies only to City-owned lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA. Nothing in this Policy is intended to conflict with any applicable laws, including: the City Charter and City Code; Colorado state law, including permits and approvals issued thereunder; federal law, including permits and approvals issued thereunder; and applicable agreements and other contractual arrangements. To the extent that there is such a conflict, the applicable law controls. This Policy does not apply to lakes and stormwater basins in the GMA that are not City-owned. For example, this Policy does not apply to lakes and stormwater basins owned by homeowners associations, or lakes owned by ditch or reservoir companies in which the City owns shares. The owners of such other lakes and stormwater basins are free to consider this Policy and the Guidance Document, in their discretion, in their management of their structures. This Policy does not apply to lakes and stormwater basins that are outside of the GMA. This includes reservoirs the City owns that are outside of the GMA (e.g., Joe Wright Reservoir). Those lakes and stormwater basins are generally located outside of the urban environment and face challenges distinct from those addressed in this Policy. The water quality challenges of those 1 In this Policy, “include” signifies a list that is not necessarily exhaustive. Page 26 of 94 lakes and stormwater basins are thus addressed separately. The owners of such other lakes and stormwater basins are free to consider this Policy and the Guidance Document, in their discretion, in their management of those structures. Management Each Managing Department will manage water quality in their lakes and stormwater basins to address their own management goals. Specifically, Managing Departments will: 1. Identify which City-owned lakes and stormwater basins they are responsible for, relying on the inventory in the Guidance Document. If more than one Managing Department is responsible for a lake or stormwater basin, the responsible Managing Departments will work together on all aspects of management. 2. Identify the management goals for their lakes and stormwater basins based on their uses and purposes. This may include a consideration of the categories of types of lakes and stormwater basins and their various uses and purposes, as described in the Guidance Document. 3. Determine which of their City-owned lakes and stormwater basins should be prioritized for water quality management or other related actions. 4. Determine whether to act (or not act) on water quality issues.1F2 5. Develop water quality management plans as necessary for prioritized City-owned lakes and stormwater basins (as discussed below). 6. Collaborate with other Managing Departments where responsibilities, projects, or other actions related to water quality management overlap with or will affect other departments. 7. Communicate internally within the City organization and externally to the Fort Collins community (as discussed below). Management Plans Managing Departments will develop water quality management plans for individual lakes and stormwater basins, as necessary, to address their water quality management goals. These plans may be separate, standalone documents, or may be integrated into other plans or other documents related to their lakes and stormwater basins. These plans should include: • statement of the Managing Department’s goals and priorities for their lakes and stormwater basins; • consideration of the analyses, recommendations, and other aspects of the Guidance Document; • water quality-related goals for their lakes and stormwater basins; • water quality management practices for their lakes and stormwater basins; • a communication strategy (as discussed below); and • other items appropriate to further the Managing Department’s goals and priorities. Communication Consistent with their communication strategy, Managing Departments will communicate internally within the City organization and externally with the Fort Collins community regarding water quality of lakes or stormwater basin. This will include communications regarding: water quality data; any public health risks; and non-routine maintenance work. Communications will be made pursuant to applicable City policies. Managing Departments will periodically communicate internally to improve interdepartmental alignment regarding water quality management practices. Policy and Guidance Document Updates An inter-departmental team from all of the Managing Departments (minimum 1 staff member from each) will be established to ensure proper implementation of this Policy and to periodically revise and update the Policy and Guidance Document as needed. 2 How Managing Departments staff and otherwise resource their actions are not addressed in this Policy. Page 27 of 94 The team will annually review the Guidance Document to identify and address data errors, necessary updates, and other opportunities for improvement, including: • Adding any City-owned lakes and stormwater basins to the inventory; • Updating lake-specific water quality information; and • Adding or updating water quality management practices. Page 28 of 94 ATTACHMENT 2 – SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT (SME) INTERVIEW AND SURVEY QUESTIONS SME Interview Questions • What is your role and background in managing water quality issues? • Are there any lakes represented in the GMA that are not highlighted but should be? • Which Urban Lakes do you manage? • What are their surrounding land uses? • What are their major uses? • Are there known water quality issues in the waterbodies that you manage? Are their historic, current, and future water quality concerns in these waterbodies? • What are the causes of these water quality issues? • Are there known BMPs implemented at the lakes that you manage? Do you know of historic, current, or emerging/potential BMPs that were used or would be helpful in managing these water quality issues? • Are there any BMPs that you would like to try to manage water quality issues? • Were the BMPs that have been used to treat water quality issues effective? • What Management Categories would you place the lakes that you manage into: Golf Course Wildlife Fisheries Stormwater/Flood Control Ornamental Recreation Storage Sediment Retention Other/Urban 1. Who else would you recommend that we reach out to for this project? 2. Do you have any water quality or BMP data for the urban lakes within the GMA that you would be willing to share? SME Survey Questions 1. Are you a lake manager or do you support the management of lakes? 2. What are the three most critical water quality issues that trigger management action for you? Page 29 of 94 3. What are the other water quality issue(s)? 4. What are the main sources of pollution for the water quality issues you listed in #2? Such as livestock inputs, urban development, rangeland use, agriculture, stormwater runoff, pet waste, low flow, no lake inlet/outlet, etc. 5. Of the lake water quality best management practices (BMPs) that you use, what are the three most common or effective? BMPs are tools used to manage urban lake water quality. Though there are many, examples include hand- pulling aquatic nuisance species, using biochar to remove nutrients, developing wetland habitat to sequester pollutants, and providing pet waste bags and bins to avoid/reduce animal waste from entering the waterbody. 6. Are there other water quality BMPs that you would prefer to use, and if so what are they? 7. When you consider your ability to effectively manage water quality in urban lakes, what resources limit your success? These may be factors such as knowledge, data, sampling technicians (i.e., work force), funding, red tape, stakeholder buy-in, etc. 8. When getting buy-in or opinions about urban lake policy, which groups or organizations in the community are most important to talk with? Please list them below. • What are three key pieces of literature or resources you would recommend on urban lake water quality management and/or BMPs? Please provide as much citation information as possible. Such as books, articles, manuals, online databases, web platforms, etc. Page 30 of 94 ATTACHMENT 3 - URBAN LAKES WATER QUALITY RISK RANK MODEL MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Adjacent Land Use (within 200ft) City Geodatabase Vacant Land zoned as vacant that may be developed or undeveloped. Vacant lands include all lands classified as vacant by the City. 0.5 0.1 0.05 Residential Land zoned as residential, that may have single family or multi-family structures, and may have lawns. Residential lands include all single, duplex, and multi-family areas, supplementary, support, and HOA lands, support shelters, and senior citizen housing. 0.5 0.05 Public Public use lands, which may include parks, open space, other. Public lands include BLM, cemeteries, religious buildings, childcare centers and education facilities (including grade school and colleges/universities), county admin and housing, parks and rec land, conservation lands, municipality buildings, emergency infrastructure, and others. 0.5 0.05 Industrial Industrial land that may include all structures, storage yards, and waste facilities associated with industrial operations. Industrial lands that include construction, manufacturing, industrial condos, and warehouses. 0.25 0.025 Page 31 of 94 MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Commercial Commercial land that may include all structures, storage yards, parking, lawns, and features associated with commercial operations. Commercial lands that include businesses, residential, multi- use, or recreational use. 0.5 0.05 Agriculture Agricultural land that may include all structures, storage yards, waste areas, fields, and pastures that may be associated with crop or livestock farming. Agriculture lands that include dry, irrigated, grazed, hay meadow, waste, or support infrastructure for agriculture. 1 0.1 Primary Management Category City Geodatabase Stormwater/Flood Control/Floodplain Expansion Lake or pond used primarily for managing stormwater runoff, flood control, and/or floodplain expansion Ponds used for stormwater, flood control, and floodplain expansion appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, and therefore higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 1 0.05 0.05 Wildlife Lake or pond managed primarily for wildlife, other than just fisheries. Ponds managed for wildlife may have more native aquatic vegetation, cycling of nutrients, and healthier system cycling, which may reduce potential for water quality issues. 0.25 0.0125 Stormwater Lake or pond managed primarily for stormwater without specificity, such as flood control, floodplain expansion, or water quality. Ponds used for stormwater, flood control, and floodplain expansion appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, and therefore higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 1 0.05 Page 32 of 94 MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Native Fisheries Lake or pond managed primarily for native fisheries Ponds managed for native fisheries appear to have populations of native aquatic vegetation, cycling of nutrients, and overall monitoring, which may reduce potential for water quality issues. 0.25 0.0125 Storage/Irrigation Lake or pond used primarily for storage and/or storage for irrigation use Ponds used for storage and irrigation appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, sedimentation, residence time, and/or nutrient loading, and therefore have a higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 1 0.05 Stormwater/Water Quality Lake or pond used primarily for managing stormwater runoff and water quality of downstream waterbodies. Ponds used for stormwater and water quality appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, and therefore higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 0.5 0.025 Recreation Lake or pond used primarily for recreational human use, such as swimming, boating, fishing, etc. Ponds used for recreation are more likely to be monitored for water quality and therefore are less likely to have ongoing water quality issues. 0.25 0.0125 Secondary Management Category City Geodatabase Stormwater/Flood Control/Floodplain Expansion Lake or pond used primarily for managing stormwater runoff, flood control, and/or floodplain expansion Ponds used for stormwater, flood control, and floodplain expansion appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, and therefore higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 1 0.025 0.025 Wildlife Lake or pond managed primarily for wildlife, other than just fisheries. Ponds managed for wildlife may have more native aquatic vegetation, cycling of nutrients, and healthier system cycling, which may reduce potential for water quality issues. 0.25 0.00625 Page 33 of 94 MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Stormwater Lake or pond managed primarily for stormwater without specificity, such as flood control, floodplain expansion, or water quality. Ponds used for stormwater, flood control, and floodplain expansion appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, and therefore higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 1 0.025 Native Fisheries Lake or pond managed primarily for native fisheries. Ponds managed for native fisheries appear to have populations of native aquatic vegetation, cycling of nutrients, and overall monitoring, which may reduce potential for water quality issues. 0.25 0.00625 Non-native Fisheries Lake or pond managed primarily for non-native fisheries. Ponds managed for non-native fisheries may have populations of native aquatic vegetation, cycling of nutrients, and overall monitoring, which may reduce potential for water quality issues. However, some non-native fish can exacerbate water quality issues. 0.3 0.0075 Storage/Irrigation Lake or pond used primarily for storage and/or storage for irrigation use Ponds used for storage and irrigation appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, sedimentation, residence time, and/or nutrient loading, and therefore have a higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 1 0.025 Stormwater/Water Quality Lake or pond used primarily for managing stormwater runoff and water quality of downstream waterbodies. Ponds used for stormwater and water quality appear to have more water quality issues related to runoff, and therefore higher likelihood of having water quality issues. 0.5 0.0125 Page 34 of 94 MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Recreation Lake or pond used primarily for recreational human use, such as swimming, boating, fishing, etc. Ponds used for recreation are more likely to be monitored for water quality and therefore are less likely to have ongoing water quality issues. 0.25 0.00625 Lake Size (surface area) City Geodatabase Very Large >30 acres Very large ponds likely have less residence time, less relative surface area for evaporative loss, solar insulation, and provide greater opportunity for dilution for chemicals, nutrients, etc. They are therefore less likely to have water quality issues. 0.25 0.1 0.025 Large 6-29 acres Large ponds likely have less residence time, less relative surface area for evaporative loss, solar insulation, and provide greater opportunity for dilution for chemicals, nutrients, etc. They are therefore less likely to have water quality issues. 0.5 0.05 Medium 1-5 acres Medium ponds likely have greater residence time, greater relative surface area for evaporative loss, solar insulation, and can easily become concentrated with chemicals, nutrients, etc. They are therefore less likely to have water quality issues. 0.75 0.075 Small <1 acre Small ponds likely have greater residence time, greater relative surface area for evaporative loss, solar insulation, and can easily become concentrated with chemicals, nutrients, etc. They are therefore less likely to have water quality issues. 1 0.1 Page 35 of 94 MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Known Water Quality Issues? City Geodatabase Yes Known water quality issues present. If a known water quality issue already exists, a pond is automatically designated as being prone to water quality issues. 1 0.225 0.225 No No known water quality issues present 0 0 Residence time contributor? City Geodatabase Yes Pond water residence time is a contributor to water quality issues. Ponds with greater residence time are more likely to have water quality issues. If residence time is a contributor to water quality issues, this has been identified by SMES. 1 0.2 0.2 No Pond water residence time is not a contributor to water quality issues. Ponds with less residence time are less likely to have water quality issues. If residence time is a contributor to water quality issues, this has been identified by SMES. 0 0 303d Listed Lake? EPA 303d Listed Impaired Waters Yes The pond is 303d listed. 1 0.2 0.1 No The pond is not 303d listed. 0 0 Within Poudre River alluvium soil layer? NRCS Soils Layer Yes The pond overlaps with the Poudre River alluvium soil layer. Based on SME input, there appears to be some correlation with connectivity to the Poudre and water quality issues. Those with greater connectivity have greater turnover, and therefore fewer water quality issues. 0 0.05 0 No The pond does not overlap with the Poudre River alluvium soil layer. Based on SME input, there appears to be some correlation with connectivity to the Poudre and water quality issues. Those with greater connectivity have greater turnover, and therefore fewer water quality issues. 1 0.05 Page 36 of 94 MODEL INPUT DATA SOURCE CRITERIA DESCRIPTION REASONING SCORE WEIGHT VALUE SCORE Within Poudre River groundwater layer? Yes The pond overlaps with the Poudre River groundwater layer. Based on SME input, there appears to be some correlation with connectivity to the Poudre and water quality issues. Those with greater connectivity have greater turnover, and therefore fewer water quality issues. 0 0.05 0 No The pond does not overlap with the Poudre River groundwater layer. Based on SME input, there appears to be some correlation with connectivity to the Poudre and water quality issues. Those with greater connectivity have greater turnover, and therefore fewer water quality issues. 1 0.05 Page 37 of 94 ATTACHMENT 4 – URBAN LAKES GEODATABASE AND ATTRIBUTE TABLE Page 38 of 94 Attachment 4 Table 1. Geodatabase Attribute Table for Fort Collins’ Urban Retention Lakes. Unknown and <Null> represent lake attributes where there is currently no information available. MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216270 <Null> Port of Entry Pond - Arapaho Bend <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology Unknown Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Monitored for turbidity, metals, nutrients, etc. Unknown No Receives river water during spring runoff 0.3125 Medium 10216282 sw10574 Heatheridge Pond 1 Red Fox Meadows Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology Unknown Unknown Yes Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.375 Medium 10216283 sw9383 Song Sparrow Pond - Cattail Chorus Spring Creek Trail Orthopedic Pond 2 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.35 Medium 10216292 <Null> Rolland Moore Pond <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course algae blooms; fish kills; weeds; grasscarp Unknown No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Yes No <Null> 0.3625 Medium 10216293 <Null> Artist Point Pond - Cottonwood Hollow <Null> shallow Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No water levels fluctuate massively; have control structure - let the water levels rise in the spring and then release it as there are calls on the river 0.325 Medium 10216308 <Null> Gadwell Pond - Kingfisher Kingfisher Park Pond - North shallow Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology fish kills shallow; water levels get low No Habitat restoration Unknown Unknown No Restoration in 2018 to lower banks on north and west side of the pond and establish wetland habitat 0.30625 Medium 10216348 <Null> Wiper Pond - Riverbend Ponds <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 10.83 ac 0.30625 Medium 10443765 <Null> Resource Recovery Farm Pond - Running Deer <Null> 5 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology Unknown Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Monitored for turbidity, metals, nutrients, etc. Unknown No <Null> 0.3 Medium 10217862 sw10215 Edora Park Edora Park N/A N/A City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None N/A extremely silted in, depth/ capacity, nutrient loading; odor when pond is low extremely silted in after 2012 flood N/A N/A Jason Stutsman did quick assessment above silt bed when doing restoration work. N/A N/A RETENTION cfarnes *MOVE TO Retention 0.5625 High 10216409 <Null> Trout Pond - Riverbend Ponds <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology fish kills cold temperatures; low DO No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 9.27 ac, north near walkway, 2 connected by fishing dock 0.30625 Medium 10217810 sw20240 Parks & Rec Westfield Park Pond Parks & Rec Westfield Park Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion None Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown confirmed retention by City 0.3875 Medium Page 39 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216421 <Null> Wood Duck Pond - Magpie Meander Magpie Meander Natural Area Pond 2 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3575 Medium 10216428 <Null> Various Ponds - Running Deer Running Deer Natural Area Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology fish kills cold temperatures; low DO No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.325 Medium 10216463 <Null> Skunk Pond - Prospect Ponds Prospect Ponds - North Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Urban periodic algae blooms; fish kills; low DO; nutrients Part of 3 pond complex, northernmost pond on private land fed directly by feedlot with documented fish kills; nutrients; eutrophication; low DO; can be very deep to very shallow; inversion- related fish kills No Unknown Unknown Unknown No old gravel pit; no longer stocked with fish due to poor fishery until mitigation is done or cows are gone; IS THIS PRIVATE OR CITY OWNED? Kyle Battige (CPW) mentioned northern-most pond in complex was on private property, maybe he meant just the feedlot w 0.53125 High 10216899 sw26369 Miramont Park Pond <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Stormwater/ Water Quality None Residential/ Lawns Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3875 Medium 10217901 sw16201 North College Market Pl Pond North College Market Pl Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife None Urban Unknown Unknown Unknown Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No confirmed retention by City 0.35 Medium 10217320 sw22579 Utilities Pond #1 Utilities Pond #1 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown wetland; confirmed retention by City; THIS IS THE 1st wetland that treats sw runoff from 700 Wood Street, NE of the light & power transformer yard. 0.3375 Medium 10217527 sw22580 Utilities Pond #2 Utilities Pond #2 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Stormwater/ Water Quality Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown wetland; confirmed retention by City; This is the 2nd wetland that treats sw runoff from 700 Wood Street, NE of the light & power transformer yard. 0.3625 Medium 10216111 sw9378 Heron Pond - Cattail Chorus Cache la Poudre Industrial Park Pond 3 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.525 High 10216114 sw11785 Spruce Pond - Udall Udall Pond #2 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities/Natura l Areas Stormwater/ Water Quality Wildlife Unknown algae blooms hot and dry; feedlot that drains to pond Unknown Sediment grates Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.34375 Medium Page 40 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216117 sw24093 English Ranch Park English Ranch Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Residential/ Lawns algae blooms Unknown No Water quality monitoring; cut back willows and vegetation; 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.4125 Medium 10216118 sw11528 Nokomis Pond Evergreen 3 Goose Hollow Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Residential/ Lawns Unknown Unknown Yes Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.35625 Medium 10216123 sw9379 Confluence Pond - Cattail Chorus Spring Creek Trail Orthopedic Pond 3 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.325 Medium 10216124 sw10354 Spring Creek Park Pond Spring Park Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course algae blooms Unknown No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.5875 High 10216126 sw19003 Cathy Fromme Natural Area Retention Pond Cathy Fromme Natural Area Retention Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown Yes Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.575 High 10216127 sw19831 Portner Reservoir Pond 3 of Fossil Creek Community Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.6125 High 10216129 sw13660 Warren Park Pond Warren Park Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3875 Medium 10216130 sw23593 Twin Silo Park Pond Fossil Ridge Irrigation/ Detention Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Unknown none Unknown No Water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.4125 Medium 10216137 sw15197 Mountain Ridge Farm Detention Pond 1 Mountain Ridge Farm Detention Pond 1 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Homeowners Association Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion None Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.3625 Medium 10216142 sw18093 Portner Reservoir Pond 2 of Fossil Creek Park -- Portner Res Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course fish kills due to cyanobacteria; odor issues; macrophyte musk grass; cyanobacteria blooms; low DO; anoxic; shallow, misshapen bottom so prone to fish kills; aerators caused sediment to come from bottom and killed fish. No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.5875 High 10216149 sw8752 West Coy Pond - Gustav Swanson Coy Ditch Pond A Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown Unknown Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No dying pond, used to be fed by the diversion off of the river into Coy Ditch but that diversion was removed in 2018 and the ditch is not in use 0.35 Medium Page 41 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216151 sw9013 Sheldon Lake Sheldon Lake; City Park Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course odor; eutrophication; sediment loading, algae growth; cyanobacteria; fish kills fish kills due to cold temperatures for too long No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer drained and dredged after 2013 floods Yes No Basil may have water quality data. Riprap buffer 0.5625 High 10216153 sw9381 Blackbird Pond - Cattail Chorus Spring Creek Trail Icon Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No Has rare aquatic plants species: Wolffia borealis (G5 S1, List A CFC) and Lemna minuta (List C CFC) 0.525 High 10216159 sw9380 Wigeon Ponds - Cattail Chorus Veeco Instruments Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.525 High 10216161 sw9373 Goldeneye Pond - Kingfisher <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Unknown Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3 Medium 10216162 sw9752 Overland Park Overland Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Storage/ Irrigation None Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Aeration; water quality monitoring Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.3875 Medium 10216163 sw17280 Courtyard @ Miramont Detention Pond Courtyard @ Miramont Detention Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Unknown Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No See Miramont in Detention Ponds. This flows to Miramont Detention Pond 0.3875 Medium 10216165 sw16644 Timberline Sump Timberline Sump Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion None Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.3125 Medium 10216166 sw14200 Catfish Pond - Prospect Ponds Prospect Ponds - South Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology fish kills; algae blooms; low DO; nutrients Nutrients from Merganser Pond, Part of 3 pond complex, northernmost pond on private land fed directly by feedlot with documented fish kills; nutrients; eutrophication; low DO No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 12.74 ac, attached to Merganser pond through culvert Part of 2 pond complex, northernmost pond on private land fed directly by feedlot with documented fish kills; nutrients; eutrophication; low DO; can be very deep to very shallow; inversion- related fish 0.50625 High 10216169 sw8753 East Coy Pond - Gustav Swanson Coy Ditch Pond B Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown Unknown Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No dying pond, used to be fed by the diversion off of the river into Coy Ditch but that diversion was removed in 2018 and the ditch is not in use 0.35 Medium Page 42 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216175 sw8405 Evergreen Pond 3rd Evergreen Pond 3rd Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion None Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.3375 Medium 10216187 sw16174 Ridgeview Park Pond Coventry Detention Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Unknown Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.4125 Medium 10216193 sw12933 Ross Open Space Detention Pond Ross Open Space Detention Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology Unknown Unknown Yes Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No Has rare aquatic plants species: Acorus calamus, Sagittaria brevirostra, and Carex lenticularis 0.35 Medium 10216194 sw14199 Merganser Pond - Prospect Ponds Prospect Ponds - East Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Urban fish kills; algae blooms Nutrients from feed lot to the north; Part of 3 pond complex, northernmost pond on private land fed directly by feedlot with documented fish kills; nutrients; eutrophication; low DO; can be very deep to very shallow; inversion- related fish kills No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 13.42 ac, Part of 3 pond complex, northernmost pond on private land fed directly by feedlot with documented fish kills; nutrients; eutrophication; low DO; can be very deep to very shallow; inversion- related fish kills old gravel pit; no longer stocked with 0.50625 High 10216200 sw19830 Pond 1 of Fossil Creek Community Park Pond 1 of Fossil Creek Community Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course algae blooms Unknown No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.6125 High 10216203 sw11786 Moose Pond - Udall Udall Pond #3 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion None Unknown algae blooms hot and dry; feedlot that drains to pond Unknown Sediment grates Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.3125 Medium 10216207 sw8439 Sunfish Pond - McMurry McMurry Natural Areas Pond 2 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology Infrequent algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Lowered banks to increase high water flow. Yes No Receives river water during spring runoff 0.525 High 10216196 sw11783 Goose Pond - Udall Udall Pond #1 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities/ Natural Areas Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Wildlife Unknown algae blooms hot and dry; feedlot that drains to pond Unknown Sediment grates; Drain every 3-5 years and pull sediment out. Unknown Unknown Unknown <Null> 0.31875 Medium 10216208 sw11769 Red Wing Pond - Redwing Marsh Red Wing Marsh Natural Area Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Urban Unknown Unknown Yes Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.35625 Medium 10216210 sw9382 Chorus Frog Pond - Cattail Chorus Spring Creek Trail Orthopedic North 1 Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No Has rare aquatic plants species: Wolffia borealis (G5 S1, List A CFC) and Lemna minuta (List C CFC) 0.325 Medium Page 43 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216216 sw15476 Canvasback Pond - Kingfisher Cache la Poudre Industrial Park Pond; Kingfisher Park Pond - South Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology fish kills; algae blooms chemicals from beef packaging plant; nutrients from "Bath Garden Nursery", pots and trash in ponds; steep slopes and poor habitat No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No old gravel pit 0.30625 Medium 10216226 <Null> Sterling Pond - North Shields <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer restoration Unknown No Restoration done in 2014 to lower banks on the south side and let the river flood the pond. Only happens occasionally, bank levels couldn't be made lower 0.5 Medium 10216817 <Null> Pelican Pond - Cottonwood Hollow Pelican Marsh 9.75 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3 Medium 10216836 <Null> Milne East Pond - Riverbend Ponds <Null> 8 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology fish kills shallow No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 2.01 ac, really clear sometimes; no longer stocked due to fish kills 0.33125 Medium 10216837 <Null> Bluegill - Riverbend Ponds <Null> <Null> <Null> City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife <Null> Natural ecology Unknown Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer <Null> <Null> No <Null> 0.3 Medium 10216266 <Null> Topminnow <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Native Fisheries Residential/ Lawns None Unknown No Water elevation controlled via pump Unknown Yes No Unlined, receives groundwater, pump outlets to HT outfall channel or Rigden Res. 0.14375 Low 10216845 <Null> Big Pond - Riverbend Ponds <Null> 5.5 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology turbidity giant carp; shallow No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 38.25 ac, rare plant species present: Azolla mexicana (List A CFC), Ruppia cirrhosa (List A CFC) 0.2825 Medium 10216842 <Null> Unnamed Pond Unnamed Pond Receives Storm Runoff from Drake Treatment Facility Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife None Unknown low DO; nutrients <Null> Unknown Some vegetation buffer Unknown Unknown Unknown old gravel pit 0.5 Medium 10216411 <Null> Collindale Golf Course Pond - Northeast Unnamed Pond at Northeast Corner of Collindale Golf Course Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No 0.36 ac 0.4125 Medium Page 44 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216859 <Null> South Ridge Golf Course Pond - North Unnamed Pond at North End of South Ridge Golf Course Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer dredged near hole #5; put liner and anchor trench in near hole #9 Unknown No 0.75 ac, receives sw runoff from development to the south. Near hole #? 0.4375 Medium 10216150 sw16643 Golden Meadows Golden Meadows Park Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Residential/ Lawns cyano-bacteria, fish kills; blue- green algae Unknown No Sludge/mulch eliminators; aeration equipment; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Yes No <Null> 0.3875 Medium 10216849 <Null> South Ridge Golf Course Pond - South Unnamed Pond at South End of South Ridge Golf Course Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation Storage/ Irrigation Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer dredged near hole #5; put liner and anchor trench in near hole #10 Unknown No 1.08 ac, near hole #? There is also an asset just upstream of this but not in this database; Asset# 102167590, 0.23 Ac 0.4375 Medium 10216109 sw15468 Troutman Park Pond - East Troutman Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.5875 High 10216110 sw15468 Troutman Park Pond - West Troutman Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.4125 Medium 10216717 <Null> Snapper Pond - Arapaho Bend <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology occasional algae blooms <Null> No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer <Null> <Null> No <Null> 0.3325 Medium 10216513 <Null> Duck Lake - Fossil Creek Reservoir <Null> 4 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Agriculture (other) severe odor; becomes anoxic; e. coli; warm temperature Mud Lake (odor issues) feeds to Duck Lake, feedlot and corn fields drain to lake; nutrient loading; shallow; small outlet; no flushing; shallow; waterfowl major source of nutrient loading; sulfur in benthic bottom; Yes Sonde taking measurements; water quality monitoring (Aquatic Associates); aeration biochar Yes No More known by Mark Sears and Tami; not yet implemented in other lakes 0.525 High 10216580 <Null> Muskrat Pond - Cottonwood Hollow <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 5.87 ac 0.5 Medium 10216674 <Null> Beaver Pond - Arapaho Bend <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 34.8 ac 0.4825 Medium Page 45 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216501 <Null> Cottonwood Glen Pond <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course algae blooms; macrophytes farms use algaecide No No-mow buffer around lake; pest management; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer copper sulfide Unknown No <Null> 0.3875 Medium 10216507 <Null> Little and Big Bass Ponds - Arapaho Bend <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 18.6 ac, big bass pond receives river water during spring runoff 0.5075 High 10216557 <Null> Robert Benson Lake - Pelican Marsh Robert Benson Reservoir Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Storage/ Irrigation Wildlife Natural ecology algae blooms shallow Yes Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer water quality monitoring Unknown No College and 287 0.36875 Medium 10216474 <Null> Collindale Golf Course Pond - Southwest Golden Meadows Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No 1.11 ac, named Golden Meadows Pond in View 0.3875 Medium 10216481 <Null> Greenbriar Park Pond <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No 0.53 ac 0.4125 Medium 10216496 <Null> Rigden Reservoir <Null> 22 1,900 acre- feet City of Fort Collins Utilities/ Natural Areas Storage/ Irrigation None Other (specify in Notes) cyanobacteria and algae blooms some wastewater treatment plant effluent and nutrient loading Unknown 5 solar bees; 2 delivery systems for minimizing capture of wastewater treatment plant effluent; temporal management (avoid storing during poor water quality (e.g., take spring runoff on receding limb of hydrograph, avoid late season high- temperature water Unknown Unknown Unknown 133.14 ac, collecting water quality data since 2016; anoxic at bottom; ask Donnie about BMPs; water quality issues dependent on how they operate the reservoir 0.35 Medium 10216632 <Null> North Shields Pond <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No Pond and water levels may be shrinking. Has rare plant species: Spirodela polyrrhiza (List A CFC), Carex lasiocarpa (G5 S2, list A CFC), Cyperus bipartitus (list A CFC) 0.5 Medium 10216398 <Null> I-25 Pond - Arapaho Bend <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 7.83 ac 0.5375 High Page 46 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216365 <Null> Collindale Golf Course Pond - Northwest Fort Collins Golf Course Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No 1.12 ac, named Fort Collins Golf Course Pond in View 0.3875 Medium 10216177 sw17699 Harmony Park Pond 5015 Corbett Drive Preston Jr. High Detention Pond Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Park/Golf Course Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No was unable to open vector map; see MAX HARMONY DETENTION in Detention Ponds, same or different? 0.4375 Medium 10216280 sw19384 Fossil Lake Irrigation Pond Fossil Lake Irrigation Pond; Fossil Creek Lake Park; Fossil Creek Lake at Portner Reservoir Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Residential/ Lawns fish kills due to cyanobacteria; odor issues; macrophyte musk grass; cyanobacteria blooms; low DO; anoxic; shallow, misshapen bottom so prone to fish kills; aerators caused sediment to come from bottom and killed fish. No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.4125 Medium 10216487 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216103 sw9376 Dragonfly Pond - Kingfisher Cattail Chorus Ponds Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3375 Medium 10216827 <Null> Turtle Pond - Riverbend Ponds <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Storage/ Irrigation Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology fish kills; low DO; odor very small; cold temperatures; quick turnover of anoxic layer; low DO; sulfur No Considering aeration sink holiday trees for fish habitat Unknown No 2.87 ac. All Riverbend Ponds have some sort of turbidity in them, but this one is crystal clear. 0.37 Medium 10228230 <Null> Lee Martinez Farm Pond <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Unknown Unknown Unknown No 20–30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No <Null> 0.3875 Medium 10216589 <Null> Whitetail Pond - Arapaho Bend (E of I- 25) Unnamed in View Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 5.6 ac 0.5 Medium 10216642 <Null> Cormorant Pond - Arapaho Bend <Null> Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Non-native Fisheries Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 2.94 ac 0.3325 Medium 10216147 sw8438 McMurry Pond 1 - McMurry McMurry Natural Area Pond 1 5.5 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Natural ecology Infrequent algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No Receives river water during spring runoff. Has rare plant species: Lysimachia thyrsiflora (G5 S1, List A CFC) 0.5 Medium Page 47 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216180 sw9333 Avery Pond <Null> 4 Unknown City of Fort Collins Utilities Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion None Unknown algae blooms; fish kills; odor low water levels = low DO; inlet from local neighborhood Unknown Copper sulfide last year for algae Unknown Unknown Unknown Parks and Wildlife manages fisheries here. 0.3625 Medium 10216361 <Null> Milne West Pond - Riverbend Ponds <Null> 8.3 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Recreation Natural ecology occasional algae blooms Unknown No Maintain vegetation buffer; herbicide buffer Unknown Unknown No 7.02 ac 0.30625 Medium 10216480 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216534 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216581 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216789 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216816 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216243 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216356 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216368 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216470 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) Page 48 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216582 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10443961 <Null> Cresent Park Maple Hill Park Unknown Unknown City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation None Residential/ Lawns Unknown Unknown No Aeration; water quality monitoring; 20– 30-ft buffer Unknown Unknown No 2401 Bar Harbor; confirmed retention by City 0.4125 Medium 10216819 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216820 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216821 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216822 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216823 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216829 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216831 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216834 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216818 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) Page 49 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216841 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216853 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216613 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216828 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216835 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216198 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216238 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216307 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216317 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216322 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216359 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) Page 50 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216366 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216371 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216475 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216537 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216579 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216612 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216628 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216656 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216223 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216239 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216286 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) Page 51 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216318 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216319 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216325 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216326 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216336 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216339 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216357 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216367 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216376 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216383 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216393 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) Page 52 of 94 MXASSETNUM FACILITY ID NAME AKA DEPTH (FEET) VOLUME OWNED BY MAINTAINED BY PRIMARY MANAGEME NT CATEGORY SECONDARY MANAGEMEN T CATEGORY ADJACENT LAND USE WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) CAUSE(S) OF WATER QUALITY ISSUE(S) DOES LAKE RESIDENC E TIME CONTRIBU TE TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES? CURRENT BMPS HISTORIC BMPS BMPS SUCCESSFU L? (Y/N/U) INVASIVE SPECIES PRESENT ? (Y/N/U) NOTES FINAL RISK SCORE RISK RANK 10216419 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216420 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216431 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216464 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10216664 <Null> Homestead Pond <Null> 5.5 Unknown City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Wildlife Stormwater/ Flood Control/ Floodplain Expansion Urban Unknown Unknown No Unknown Used to be golf course converted to Natural Area. Unknown No <Null> 0.55 High 10216204 sw22580 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> 0 Not Assessed (more data needed) 10214213 sw23793 Spring Canyon Dog Park Pond Dog Park Pond <Null> <Null> City of Fort Collins Parks and Trails Storage/ Irrigation Urban/Other <Null> E. coli, other potential enteric pathogens based to complaints from dog owners, algae when water is retained, but downstream WQ pond is being designed so dog park pond can be operated as designed. dog waste, pond is filled with raw water from Dixon reservoir and may contain pathogens due to wildlife No draining and refilling with fresh water; water quality monitoring; 20- 30ft buffer <Null> <Null> No For dog swimming. See SPRING CANYON COMMUNITY PARK and SPRING CANYON COMMUNITY PARK POND C in Detention Ponds. Is this the same as one of those? NO - This drains to #10217953 (SP CAN COMM PARK POND); 0.6125 High Page 53 of 94 Fort Collins Detention Lakes MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10217064 - 105.0916 2 40.541164 5 OAKS VILLAGE Utilities (FC) 10217462 - 105.0897 4 40.595261 700 WOOD EAST POND Utilities (FC) 10217202 - 105.0899 3 40.595266 700 WOOD ST WEST POND Utilities (FC) 10218011 - 105.0762 9 40.597136 740 N. COLLEGE FUTURE DETENTION BASIN Utilities (FC) 10217686 - 105.0687 8 40.600115 ASPEN HEIGHTS DETENTION Utilities (FC) 10224037 - 105.1095 5 40.57189 AVERY PARK POND Utilities (FC) 10224452 - 105.0757 8 40.593117 AZTLAN GRAVEL PARKING Colorado State University 10225478 - 105.0758 6 40.592564 AZTLAN MID PAVER Colorado State University 10225477 - 105.0759 5 40.59292 AZTLAN NORTH PAVER Colorado State University 10225480 - 105.0757 7 40.592574 AZTLAN PARKING DETENTION Colorado State University 10225479 - 105.0758 6 40.592265 AZTLAN SOUTH PAVER Colorado State University 10216989 - 105.1180 8 40.593096 BELLWETHER DETENTION POND C Homeowners Association 10217805 - 105.0872 5 40.542215 BLUE MESA Utilities (FC) 10217884 - 105.0612 5 40.543412 BOLTZ POND CHANNEL Utilities (FC) 10217102 - 105.1254 5 40.559947 BROWN FARM POND # 2 Utilities (FC) 10217036 - 105.1245 6 40.557178 BROWN FARM POND # 3 Utilities (FC) 10216933 - 105.1269 5 40.562391 BROWN FARM POND #1 Utilities (FC) 10217502 - 105.0496 5 40.526985 CAPE COD Utilities (FC) 10217090 - 105.0397 3 40.528002 CARIBOU APARTMENTS POND 2 Homeowners Association Page 54 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10216901 - 105.0411 6 40.528901 CARIBOU APARTMENTS POND 3 Homeowners Association 10216190 - 105.1089 5 40.551679 CEDAR VILLAGE Utilities (FC) 10217772 - 105.0795 6 40.590088 CIVIC CENTER POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217329 - 105.0409 40.563199 COMMUNITY RECYCLING DETENTION Operations Services (FC) 10217868 - 105.0750 7 40.594413 CSU ENGINES POND Homeowners Association 10217887 - 105.0258 2 40.54189 DAKOTA RIDGE 2ND Utilities (FC) 10217263 - 105.1260 2 40.571724 DEERFIELD POND Utilities (FC) 10217195 - 105.0778 5 40.594275 DISCOVERY MUSEUM NORTH POND Operations Services (FC) 10216980 - 105.0783 5 40.592458 DISCOVERY MUSEUM SOUTH POND Operations Services (FC) 10217440 - 105.0975 4 40.597438 EAST POND GRANADA HEIGHTS Utilities (FC) 10217521 - 105.0604 3 40.576466 EAST SIDE PARK POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217728 - 105.0539 8 40.549507 EASTBOROUGH Utilities (FC) 10217294 - 105.0271 3 40.537551 ENGLISH RANCH #1 Utilities (FC) 10217694 - 105.0251 8 40.537524 ENGLISH RANCH #2 Utilities (FC) 10217963 - 105.0231 7 40.537528 ENGLISH RANCH #3 Utilities (FC) 10217789 - 105.0211 9 40.537511 ENGLISH RANCH #4 Utilities (FC) 10217397 - 105.0440 5 40.562818 EPIC DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) Maybe Parks? 10217120 - 105.1167 5 40.565994 FAIRBROOK POND Natural Areas (FC) 10217134 - 105.1161 9 40.566806 FAIRBROOKE POND A Natural Areas (FC) 10217636 - 105.1283 3 40.569941 FLEETWOOD COURT Utilities (FC) Page 55 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10217047 - 105.0595 3 40.506808 FLEETWOOD CT DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217582 - 105.1127 40.59339 FORNEY POND Utilities (FC) 10217447 - 105.1088 5 40.575386 FORT RAM Utilities (FC) 10217644 - 105.0668 3 40.507816 FOSSIL CREEK 1 Homeowners Association 10218037 - 105.0646 5 40.507965 FOSSIL CREEK 2 Homeowners Association 10217258 - 105.0589 1 40.505314 FOSSIL CREEK COMMUNITY PARK EAST Parks and Trails (FC) 10217748 - 105.0641 7 40.506602 FOSSIL CREEK COMMUNITY PARK WEST Parks and Trails (FC) 10217640 - 105.0309 5 40.537408 FOX MEADOWS DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217978 - 105.0734 4 40.587752 GARAGE ALLEY NORTH RG Operations Services (FC) 10217346 - 105.0732 40.587976 GARAGE ENTRANCE NORTH RG Operations Services (FC) 10217076 - 105.0732 9 40.587892 GARAGE ENTRANCE SOUTH RG Operations Services (FC) 10216911 - 105.0730 6 40.588066 GARAGE JEFFERSON RG Operations Services (FC) 10217937 - 105.0995 7 40.595707 GLADIOLA FARM Utilities (FC) 10217707 - 105.1140 5 40.577077 GLENMOOR DETENTION BASIN Utilities (FC) 10217021 - 105.0615 2 40.610869 GREENBRIAR NORTH Utilities (FC) 10217732 - 105.0589 40.607145 GREENBRIAR SOUTH Utilities (FC) 10217129 - 105.0802 1 40.565656 GRIFFIN PLAZA DETENTION Colorado State University 10216902 - 105.1175 5 40.549975 HAMSHIRE DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217169 - 105.0974 1 40.596173 HANNA Utilities (FC) 10217337 -105.016 40.60168 HARTSHORN PROPERTY (CRUMB POND) . Utilities (FC) 10434337 - 105.0525 3 40.576058 HOFFMAN MILL DETENTION Streets (FC) Page 56 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10434134 - 105.0524 40.576191 HOFFMAN MILL SAND FILTER Streets (FC) 10217977 - 105.0599 40.578994 HOUSKA DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217352 - 105.1138 3 40.5661 KANE POND Natural Areas (FC) 10217186 - 105.1040 7 40.552356 KENSINGTON SOUTH POND Utilities (FC) 10218010 - 105.1269 2 40.577817 KIMBALL Utilities (FC) 10217504 - 105.0816 2 40.527547 LARKBOROUGH Utilities (FC) 10218068 - 105.0731 40.584933 LIBRARY PARK DETENTION Operations Services (FC) 10216972 - 105.0605 4 40.580836 LOCUST OUTFALL Utilities (FC) 10217850 - 105.0856 4 40.60403 MAGPIE MEANDER NATURAL AREA POND 1 Parks and Trails (FC) 10217945 - 105.1155 8 40.556644 MANCHESTER DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217429 - 105.0816 8 40.533716 MANHATTAN POND Utilities (FC) 10216969 - 105.0805 8 40.523973 MAX HARMONY DETENTION Operations Services (FC) 10217763 - 105.1114 4 40.575579 MCALLISTER Utilities (FC) 10217243 - 105.0779 40.609731 MCDONALDS DETENTION POND 2 Utilities (FC) 10217345 - 105.0864 8 40.521629 MCGRAW ELEMENTARY NORTH POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217544 - 105.0812 3 40.54366 MEADOWLARK HEIGHTS A Utilities (FC) 10218012 - 105.0815 4 40.541888 MEADOWLARK HEIGHTS B Utilities (FC) 10217609 - 105.0399 3 40.550817 MEADOWS EAST Utilities (FC) 10217198 - 105.1349 7 40.567187 MILLER DET BASIN/ OLD SUBSTATION Utilities (FC) 10216899 - 105.0612 7 40.514951 MIRAMONT PARK DETENTION POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217577 - 105.0745 5 40.587234 MOUNTAIN AVE POND Parks and Trails (FC) Page 57 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10217434 - 105.0996 8 40.532142 MOUNTAIN RIDGE FARM DETENTION POND 2 Homeowners Association 10217147 - 105.0971 7 40.53191 MOUNTAIN RIDGE FARM DETENTION POND 3 Homeowners Association 10217403 - 105.0770 3 40.596009 N COLLEGE IMPROVEMENTS SOUTH POND Utilities (FC) Not sure witch one this is referring 10217220 - 105.0771 40.596934 N COLLEGE RD IMPROVEMENTS NORTH POND Utilities (FC) Not sure witch one this is referring 10216221 - 105.0444 7 40.542457 NELSON FARM Utilities (FC) 10217340 - 105.0446 3 40.573919 NIX FARM DETENTION POND Natural Areas (FC) 10217799 - 105.0600 4 40.516557 OAKRDIGE WEST DETENTION POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217941 - 104.9969 5 40.52477 PARK N RIDE POND Colorado Department of Transportation 10217399 - 105.0442 9 40.553533 PARKWOOD EAST Utilities (FC) 10217638 - 105.1245 1 40.577895 PEAR COURT Utilities (FC) 10217734 - 105.0623 9 40.61376 PHEASANT RIDGE NORTH Utilities (FC) 10217653 - 105.0636 3 40.611512 PHEASANT RIDGE SOUTH Utilities (FC) 10217620 - 105.0396 6 40.556465 POLICE BUILDING POND 1 EAST Parks and Trails (FC) 10217113 - 105.0406 7 40.556426 POLICE BUILDING POND 2 WEST Parks and Trails (FC) 10224036 - 105.1357 1 40.573874 PONDS AT OVERLAND NORTH DETENTION Utilities (FC) 10217904 - 105.1281 6 40.550411 QUAIL HOLLOW #1 Utilities (FC) 10217986 - 105.1319 8 40.549183 QUAIL HOLLOW #2 Utilities (FC) 10217768 - 105.1268 8 40.546875 QUAIL HOLLOW #3 Utilities (FC) 10217778 -105.129 40.545926 QUAIL HOLLOW #4- -CATTAILS. Utilities (FC) 10217811 - 105.0990 1 40.556279 RAINTREE DETENTION POND A Parks and Trails (FC) Page 58 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10217070 - 105.1092 9 40.564688 RED FOX MEADOWS. CIPO OUTFALL. Utilities (FC) 10217580 - 105.0663 7 40.602695 REDWOOD POND Utilities (FC) 10217656 - 105.1012 40.525849 REGENCY Utilities (FC) 10217313 - 105.1100 2 40.563657 RIDGEWOOD POND Utilities (FC) 10217004 - 105.1356 1 40.55881 RODEO ARENA Colorado State University 10217157 - 105.1070 3 40.544454 ROSSBOROUGH PARK Parks and Trails (FC) 10216909 - 105.1002 5 40.555329 SENIOR CENTER DETENTION Parks and Trails (FC) 10218019 - 105.0915 1 40.598255 SERVICE CENTER Utilities (FC) 10217191 - 105.0910 9 40.599258 SERVICE CENTER NORTH Utilities (FC) 10217117 - 105.1078 7 40.548747 SILVERPLUME Utilities (FC) 10217864 - 105.1035 6 40.546471 SILVERPLUME DETENTION POND NO. 2 Utilities (FC) 10217124 - 105.1034 40.547051 SILVERTON CT. Utilities (FC) 10217720 - 105.0591 1 40.542902 SOUTH LEMAY Utilities (FC) 10216993 - 105.0647 6 40.496553 SOUTH TRANSFORT DETENTION Operations Services (FC) 10217068 - 105.0141 8 40.51011 SOUTHEAST COMMUNITY PARK Parks and Trails (FC) 10217953 - 105.1280 6 40.540931 SPRING CANYON COMMUNITY PARK POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217426 - 105.1247 1 40.539795 SPRING CANYON COMMUNITY PARK POND C Parks and Trails (FC) 10217568 - 105.1260 9 40.544615 SPRING CANYON COMMUNITY PARK. Parks and Trails (FC) 10217386 - 105.0427 9 40.564514 SPRING CREEK DIASTER MITIGATION EAST POND Parks and Trails (FC) 10217627 - 105.0438 5 40.56487 SPRING CREEK DIASTER MITIGATION WEST POND Parks and Trails (FC) Page 59 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10217309 - 105.0338 6 40.54471 STEWART CASE PARK Parks and Trails (FC); joint management w/ESD 10217655 - 105.0586 4 40.595001 STREETS FACILITY PARK Streets (FC) 10217267 - 105.0603 9 40.594994 STREETS FACILITY POND 2 Streets (FC) 10217115 - 105.0911 7 40.541459 SUNDISK Utilities (FC) 10216938 - 105.0389 8 40.527005 SUNSTONE EIGHTH DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10216990 - 105.0348 8 40.529172 SUNSTONE FIFTH DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217985 - 105.1059 40.547276 TELLURIDE COURT DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217566 -105.04 40.544207 TIMBERLINE APARTMENTS Utilities (FC) 10217946 - 105.0420 4 40.543655 TIMBERLINE VILLAGE POND Utilities (FC) 10217158 - 105.0801 7 40.518071 TRANSIT CENTER Operations Services (FC) 10217039 - 105.0785 7 40.590537 TRANSIT CENTER DETENTION POND Operations Services (FC) 10217947 - 105.0788 1 40.609665 UNION PLACE POND Homeowners Association 10217966 - 105.0968 40.598406 Unnamed Pond Parks and Trails (FC) 10225449 - 105.0127 40.510785 Unnamed Pond Parks and Trails (FC) 10217286 - 105.0803 5 40.589138 UTILITIES ADMIN DETENTION 1 Parks and Trails (FC) 10217308 - 105.0802 8 40.589471 UTILITIES ADMIN DETENTION 2 Parks and Trails (FC) 10216925 - 105.0798 2 40.589538 UTILITIES ADMIN DETENTION 3 Parks and Trails (FC) 10217114 - 105.0921 5 40.597344 VEHICLE STORAGE Utilities (FC) 10217141 - 105.0973 3 40.544995 WAGON WHEEL Utilities (FC) 10217932 - 105.0748 1 40.587499 WALNUT NW POND Homeowners Association 10217385 - 105.0746 2 40.587359 WALNUT SE POND Homeowners Association Page 60 of 94 MXASSETNU M POINT_X POINT_Y NAME MAINTAINED BY 10217104 - 105.0811 2 40.538731 WARREN FARMS Utilities (FC) 10217163 - 105.0837 7 40.562005 WATER QUALITY POND A 1A Operations Services (FC) 10217010 - 105.0847 6 40.562675 WATER QUALITY POND A 1B Parks and Trails (FC) 10217154 - 105.0856 8 40.560798 WATER QUALITY POND A 3B Operations Services (FC) 10217249 - 105.0787 40.604897 WEST OF ADDRESS Utilities (FC) 10217588 - 105.0985 9 40.598751 WEST POND GRANADA HEIGHTS Utilities (FC) 10218064 - 105.1024 4 40.536543 WESTFIELD PARK PUD Utilities (FC) 10218002 - 105.0835 7 40.562908 WETLANDS BASIN A1 Operations Services (FC) 10217384 - 105.0869 4 40.527493 WILLOW PARK DETENTION POND/ TABLE MOUNTAIN POND Utilities (FC) 10217234 - 105.1035 4 40.56059 WINFIELD Utilities (FC) 10217029 - 105.0873 40.551224 WOOD WEST DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217557 - 105.0869 9 40.524743 WOODLANDS WAY DETENTION POND Utilities (FC) 10217602 - 105.1216 40.555341 WYANDOTTE # 1 Utilities (FC) 10218025 - 105.1219 40.554005 WYANDOTTE # 2 Utilities (FC) Page 61 of 94 ATTACHMENT 5 – MAPBOOK OF CITY-OWNED URBAN LAKES Page 62 of 94 Figure 5-1. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 1 of 12). Page 63 of 94 Figure 5-2. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 2 of 12). Page 64 of 94 Figure 5-3. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 3 of 12). Page 65 of 94 Figure 5-4. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 4 of 12). Page 66 of 94 Figure 5-5. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 5 of 12). Page 67 of 94 Figure 5-6. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 6 of 12). Page 68 of 94 Figure 5-7. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 7 of 12). Page 69 of 94 Figure 5-8. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 8 of 12). Page 70 of 94 Figure 5-9. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 9 of 12). Page 71 of 94 Figure 5-10. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 10 of 12). Page 72 of 94 Figure 5-11. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 11 of 12). Page 73 of 94 Figure 5-12. Fort Collins’ urban lakes, managing department and MAXASSETNUM (image 12 of 12). Page 74 of 94 ATTACHMENT 6 – WATER QUALITY ISSUES DATABASE Page 75 of 94 UNIQUE ID WATER QUALITY ISSUE DESCRIPTION CAUSE(S) RESULTS/CHALLENGES ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REFERENCES WQ-01 clarity A water quality issue that negatively affects the users senses and perception of the body of water. These issues can potentially lead to ill effects on aquatic life and users. Turbidity Turbid water tend to look dirty and uninviting to users. Turbid water can limit plant growth, cause stress to aquatic species and can be a sign that nutrient rich sediment has been agitated. http://sedifilt.com/drinking_water/aest hetic_water_ quality_problems.html GSR1 (who.int) WQ-02 cleanliness A water quality issue that negatively affects the users senses and perception of the body of water. These issues can potentially lead to ill effects on aquatic life and users. Garbage, lack of maintenance Keeping lakes and lakes and their surroundings clean requires input from both the users and the maintenance staff. Garbage can kill aquatic life, clog outlet works and give the water body a bad look. http://sedifilt.com/drinking_water/aest hetic_water_ quality_problems.html GSR1 (who.int) WQ-03 odor A water quality issue that negatively affects the user’s senses and perception of the body of water. These issues can potentially lead to ill effects on aquatic life and users. Stagnant water, eutrophication, wastewater treatment effluent Water bodies that have unpleasant odor will not be a desirable place for human interaction with the water, in turn leaving the area without any stewards. http://sedifilt.com/drinking_water/aest hetic_water_ quality_problems.html GSR1 (who.int) WQ-04 algae blooms Excessive algae growth. Eutrophication Algae blooms can reduce water clarity, inhibit other plant growth, deplete oxygen, result in fish die-off, odor, and/or decrease aesthetics. Managing Lakes and Reservoirs, 2001. Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-06 algae blooms Excessive algae growth coupled with the byproduct of cyanotoxins that reach dangerous concentrations. Eutrophication HABs will result in water bodies being closed to recreation and can be a liability to the managing parties of the lake or lake. HABs can last for long periods of time and can be costly to difficult and costly to monitor and treat if the underlying issues are not addressed. Toxic algae blooms spotted in lake on Colorado's Front Range | OutThere Colorado Facts about Cyanobacterial harmful algae blooms for Poison CENTER PROFESSIONALS. (2018, August 24). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/habs/materials/factsheet- cyanobacterial-habs.html WQ-07 aquatic nuisance species- animals Organisms that disrupt the ecological balance of a water body, causing damage and impairing the functional uses of the lake. External introduction Any ANS that is introduced to a water body will have some type of negative affect to the aquatic environment. Either out competing local species or becoming over populated to the point creating major and expensive fixes. NZ mudsnail (fws.gov) State of Colorado Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan WQ-08 aquatic nuisance species- plants Unchecked growth or infestation of aquatic weeds and invasive species that interferes with the functionality and health of the lake. External introduction ANS, plants, can take over a water body by enveloping the surface area with overgrowth while outcompeting beneficial species and impacting DO. The species can be costly to treat and require extensive efforts to eradicate. 9 Nuisance Aquatic Weed and Algae Species to Look Out For in Your lake (solitudelakemanagement.com) Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants WQ-09 contaminants of concern (COCs) Chemicals and toxins that can pose health risks to humans and aquatic life, that have standardized water quality standards. External introduction Certain COCs can cause harm to aquatic species, giving them birth defects or inhibiting successful spawning. COCs can also cause health risks to humans. As well as being highly persistent even in small quantities. https://www.epa.gov/fish- tech/contaminants-emerging- concern-fish-fact-sheets Contaminants of Emerging Concern including Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products | Water Quality Criteria | US EPA WQ-10 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) Chemicals and toxins that can pose health risks to humans and aquatic life, that are yet to have standardized water quality standards. Wastewater treatment effluent CECs often entire our water bodies after being digested and passed by humans. Substances such as birth control, acetaminophen and prescription drugs are commonly found and unregulated in wastewater effluent. https://www.epa.gov/fish- tech/contaminants-emerging- concern-fish-fact-sheets Contaminants of Emerging Concern including Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products | Water Quality Criteria | US EPA WQ-11 Escherichia coli (E. coli) Coliform bacteria associated with waste from warm blooded animals (humans, cattle, geese etc.). Waterfowl feces; septic leaks, pet waste, other warm-blooded wildlife, wastewater treatment effluent. E. coli can cause digestive tract issues with both humans and their pets. When E. coli exceeds water quality standards for recreational use, water bodies need to be shut down and can cause issues with further managing a successful lake our lake that is meant to be used. E. coli fouls 100 Colorado waterways. But managers aren’t sure how big the threat is to people playing in streams. (coloradosun.com) Lake Management (denvergov.org) Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) including E. coli 0157:H7, Colorado Communicable Disease Manual. (2004, November 08). Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Y6ABRk5NBy cv8MDuReDQa1k_3-ZQZog/view WQ-13 Escherichia coli (E. coli) Coliform bacteria associated with waste from warm blooded animals (humans, cattle, geese etc.). Agricultural runoff E. coli can cause digestive tract issues with both humans and their pets. When E. coli is present, water bodies need to be shut down and can cause issues with further managing a successful lake our lake that is meant to be used. E. coli fouls 100 Colorado waterways. But managers aren’t sure how big the threat is to people playing in streams. (coloradosun.com) Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) including E. coli 0157:H7, Colorado Communicable Disease Manual. (2004, November 08). Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Y6ABRk5NBy cv8MDuReDQa1k_3-ZQZog/view Page 76 of 94 UNIQUE ID WATER QUALITY ISSUE DESCRIPTION CAUSE(S) RESULTS/CHALLENGES ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REFERENCES WQ-14 heavy metals Introduction or mobilization of heavy metals in concentrations that are harmful to aquatic species. Stormwater runoff; metal foundries and smelting; mining; natural causes such as rock weathering, post-fire runoff. Fish kills can be caused by acute and chronic heavy metal concentrations in water. Certain heavy metals are also regulated at low quantities for human health. State and federal officials determine fish kill in Left Hand Creek is related to Captain Jack Mine site | Department of Public Health & Environment (colorado.gov). After the Napa Fires, Toxic Ash Threatens Soil, Streams, and San Francisco Bay | WIRED https://www.kmizeolite.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/12/Reddy_Heavy-Metal- from-Urban-Runoff-1.pdf Water quality after wildfire. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/mission- areas/water-resources/science/water-quality- after-wildfire?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt- science_center_objects; Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) WQ-16 herbicides Any substance used to control unwanted plants species. Runoff; direct application of algaecides to water bodies; herbicides applied to tree canopy above water body or along water's edge. Herbicides that are not meant for aquatic use can cause harm for both aquatic plant and animal species. They can also remain in sediment and become a problem with turnover and mixing events. Environmental Indicators of Pesticide Leaching and Runoff from Farm Fields | NRCS (usda.gov) https://www.nalms.org/nalms-position- papers/use-of-herbicides-in-lakes/ WQ-17 residence time High flow (also known as short residence time) can lead to other water body impairments. Too much in-flow, too short of residence time; nearby irrigation/water runoff increased; inline irrigation flows High flow through a lake or lake can create unbalance in all the systems that the lake and its managers try to keep balanced. From microorganisms to aquatic life, high flows and flushing events can disrupt these systems and cause unwanted cascading events. Hydraulic Flushing – hcb (itrcweb.org) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-18 residence time Low flow (also known as long residence time) can lead to other water body impairments. Not enough in-flow, too long of residence time; nearby irrigation/water runoff reduced Low flow can cause high temperatures, low DO and other issues such as anoxia and odors. Low flow can be difficult to address during the late summer early fall season when water supply becomes stressed and limited. Water Quality Risks to Lakes and Rivers | National Climate Assessment (globalchange.gov) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-19 low dissolved oxygen Dissolved oxygen limits below benchmarks. High Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD); organic pollution; nutrient enrichment; aquatic plant overgrowth; runoff carrying urban pollutants (i.e., pet waste, fertilizers, grass clippings, etc.) High BOD can affect all forms of aquatic life. From fish kills to upsetting the balance of microorganisms. High BOD can be a short-term problem, from a storm event, or it can be caused by a more persistent issue. Why are there dead fish in Denver's lakes? Experts weigh in — The Know (denverpost.com) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier; Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) WQ-20 low dissolved oxygen Dissolved oxygen limits below benchmarks. High temperatures When water temperature increases, the molecular ability of the water to hold dissolved oxygen molecules decreases. This means that increasing water temperatures mean less dissolved oxygen for aquatic life. This is a physical parameter that would need to be mitigated with shade or supplemental oxygen. Why are there dead fish in Denver's lakes? Experts weigh in — The Know (denverpost.com) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier; Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) WQ-21 low dissolved oxygen- anoxia Dissolved oxygen below 0.5 milligrams per liter. High Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and/or high temperatures; organic pollution; nutrient enrichment; aquatic plant overgrowth; runoff carrying urban pollutants (i.e., pet waste, fertilizers, grass clippings, etc.) Absence of oxygen; anaerobic reactions lead to buildup of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbonaceous gases; iron; manganese; phosphorus; habitat impairment. Course Handout on Limnology.doc (mtu.edu) Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) WQ-22 low water level Low or nearly absent water levels; can be stagnant water. Not enough in-flow, too long of residence time; nearby irrigation water or runoff reduced; waterbodies lacking an inlet or outlet Low water levels can aid in increasing water temperatures and lower DO. Low water levels can also expose aquatic vegetation with both positive and or negative outcomes, depending on the management priorities. Climate Change Impacts On Lakes – North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-23 aquatic nuisance species- insect A nuisance insect from the order Diptera, that present a public health threat through the transmission of pathogens and viruses. Standing / stagnant water Lakes and lakes are ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Even with aquatic predators and moving water, stagnant water around the lake’s permitter can still aid in hatching of mosquitoes. Controlling Mosquitoes at the Larval Stage | Mosquito Control | US EPA Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants Page 77 of 94 UNIQUE ID WATER QUALITY ISSUE DESCRIPTION CAUSE(S) RESULTS/CHALLENGES ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REFERENCES WQ-24 aquatic nuisance species- insect A nuisance insect from the order Diptera, that present a public health threat through the transmission of pathogens and viruses. Flood water Rain events and high flow events of leave enough water for mosquito larva to hatch into adults. Mitigating these waters can be cumbersome and may require both physical design to limit stagnate waters and larvicides. Stormwater design criteria also include a draw-down time in order to treat stormwater runoff, so difficult to fully eliminate standing water. Controlling Mosquitoes at the Larval Stage | Mosquito Control | US EPA Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants WQ-25 nutrients High levels of phosphorus or nitrogen. Waterfowl feces 1) Goose droppings contain nitrogen and phosphorus and can result in nutrient loading to the lakes directly or through runoff from nearby surfaces. Direct point- source loading may require permitting, and when from surfaces, it is considered a non-point source of pollution. 2) Washing goose droppings off into a water body is prohibited by municipal code and MS4 regulations. 3) Fecal contamination can contribute to exceedances of the state recreational water quality standard. 4) Aesthetics, goose droppings can be unsightly and raise public concern over contact issues. Goose_Manual-Habitat- Modification.pdf (maine.gov) Lake Management (denvergov.org) WQ-26 nutrients High levels of phosphorus or nitrogen. Agricultural runoff Mitigating agricultural runoff is a challenge because the source occurs on private lands within the watershed where lake managers have no control. Education and outreach are the best methods to try and limit the negative effects of excess nutrients coming off of agricultural lands. Colorado Regulation 85 & Water Quality FAQs (colostate.edu) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-27 nutrients High levels of phosphorus or nitrogen. Wastewater treatment effluent Colorado regulation 85 is now in place to help mitigate point source nutrient discharge. However, low levels of nutrients can still accumulate in lakes and lakes causing management problems. Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-28 nutrients High levels of phosphorus or nitrogen. Turf Maintenance / Fertilizer Turf maintenance is easier to adjust for lake managers, as the caretakers of the turf are often working for the same entity as the lake. Having a holistic plan in place to take care of the turf and limit the negative effects to adjacent waterbodies can be effective. Regulation 85 requires the City, through its MS4 permit, to address fertilizer storage and application practices and can be a part of the turf management plan. Maintaining Waterfront Turf to Preserve Water Quality (E0011) - MSU Extension Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-29 odor Rotten smell. Decomposition of organic material, low DO. Organic material will inevitably end up in lakes and lakes. Their decomposition can lead to low DO and issues with odor. The season experienced in Colorado provide a recuring source of detritus that should be considered with management strategies. lake and Lake Odors - Why Your Water Smells Bad and How to Fix It (ezinearticles.com) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-31 parasites Protozoa that can cause severe gastrointestinal issues when ingested by humans. External introduction Protozoa can be introduced from upstream sources and fecal matter. This can cause problems in recreation waters and the water becomes unsafe for human contact due to the chance of the protozoa being digested by the users. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drin king/public/water_diseases.html Indicators for waterborne pathogens. (2004). Washington: National Academies Press. WQ-32 pesticides Any substance used to control unwanted animal species. Runoff Pesticides used outside of lake management can persist in the watershed and be introduced through storm run-off. These substances can cause harm to aquatic life, they can be hard to identify, and can be difficult to remove from the system. https://www.epa.gov/npdes/pesticide- permitting https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/human-health- benchmarks-pesticides-drinking-water Page 78 of 94 UNIQUE ID WATER QUALITY ISSUE DESCRIPTION CAUSE(S) RESULTS/CHALLENGES ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REFERENCES WQ-33 pH Acute or chronic pH levels outside of the suitable range for healthy aquatic life. Stormwater runoff; natural causes such as decomposition of limestone, anthropogenic sources such as chemicals added to raise pH, post-fire runoff, lake mixing. Fish kills; organism die-off. Managing high pH in freshwater lakes | The Fish Site COR400000 stormwater DISCHARGE. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cdphe.colorado.gov/cor400000- stormwater-discharge; Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) Water quality after wildfire. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/mission- areas/water-resources/science/water-quality- after-wildfire?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt- science_center_objects; Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier; Code of Colorado Regulations (state.co.us) WQ-36 pH Reduced or fluctuating water pH below 7. Acid rain Changes to pH-mediated water quality and ecological processes; habitat impairment. Acid Rain and Water (usgs.gov) What is Acid Rain? | Acid Rain | US EPA WQ-37 salinity The amount of dissolved salts in a body of water. Agricultural runoff Salinity itself is often not harmful to aquatic life in low quantities. However, in acute situations, salts will interact with the water chemistry and can bring quick and drastic changes to pH, heavy metal mobilization, and other secondary effects. Chronic saline levels that exceed certain thresholds will also play a role in health effects to aquatic life and vegetation. Filtering agricultural runoff with constructed and restored wetlands - Rural California Report (cirsinc.org) Urban salinity – causes and impacts (nsw.gov.au) WQ-38 salinity The amount of dissolved salts in a body of water with concentrations linked to Chloride, an anion formed from Chlorine. Road salts Road salts are applied either as a liquid or solid as a de-icer to make roadways safe during the winter months. These salts often make their way to our waterways. In large amounts these salts can bring unwanted effects to a managed lake. Fish kills, pH changes, vegetation degradation and other effects are possible. Comparison of Contributions to Chloride in Urban Stormwater from Winter Brine and Rock Salt Application | Environmental Science & Technology (acs.org) Haake, D. M., & Knouft, J. H. (n.d.). Comparison of contributions to chloride in Urban Stormwater from Winter brine and rock SALT APPLICATION. Environmental Science and Technology. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b02864.s001 WQ-39 sediment- sedimentation Sediment suspended in water column settles to the bottom and builds over time. Erosion and runoff of sediments from construction in stormwater runoff or sediment mobilized by storms or flushing into streams and waterways, that usually settle out in lower-flow waters, such as lakes and lakes. Loss of lake/lake depth and storage capacity; undesirable sediment composition; nutrient loading; habitat loss Effects of Sediment on the Aquatic Environment: | NRCS (usda.gov) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-40 sediment- water interactions Sediments interaction with the water and its contribution to a negative water quality issue. Wetted perimeter of the lake being in constant contact with the water causing for biological and chemical interactions. Sediment can act as a sponge to a multitude of constituents. It then can have prolonged interactions with the water, both year-round and during mixing events. The effects are dependent on the constituents that are stored and the surrounding water chemistry. Effects of Sediment on the Aquatic Environment: | NRCS (usda.gov) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-41 polluted stormwater runoff Stormwater coming into contact with, dissolving, and/or carrying fecal, chemical, nutrient, sediment, or other pollutants into waterbodies. Warm-blooded animal waste, anthropogenic sources, such as pesticides, fertilizers, metals, petroleum products, organic matter, sediment, and mining activities. Urbanization with increased impervious surfaces allow stormwater to carry anthropogenic and natural sources to water bodies. Excessive waste from any source can be harmful to water bodies and cause a variety of water quality issues. Storm sewers can be acute point source contributors, and stormwater runoff from surrounding surfaces can be non-point source contributors. The effects can have health concerns to recreational users and wildlife. Managers should be aware of the potential risk posed by stormwater pollution from surrounding areas. Stormwater design criteria is required for new and re-development. Keep It Clean Partnership | Stormwater Pollution Prevention » Scoop the Poop Environmental Contamination by Dog’s Feces: A Public Health Problem? (nih.gov) WQ-42 temperature- cold Prolonged cold ambient air temperatures can lead to lake/lake ice-over. Cold temperatures In shallow lakes where substantial volumes of ice-free water are un-available, ice-over can result in decreased DO resulting in fish kills. Climate Change Impacts On Lakes – North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. Page 79 of 94 UNIQUE ID WATER QUALITY ISSUE DESCRIPTION CAUSE(S) RESULTS/CHALLENGES ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REFERENCES WQ-43 temperature- high Temperatures that promote eutrophication, low DO and are harmful to aquatic species. Shallow lake Shallow lakes can absorb more radiation energy, especially if the benthic surface is retaining solar heat. These lakes are much more susceptible to low DO and even temperatures by themselves that will harm aquatic life. World’s Leading Aquatic Scientific Societies Urgently Call for Cuts to Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions – North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-44 temperature- high Temperatures that promote eutrophication, low DO and are harmful to aquatic species. Warming climate, long residence time; shallow, small lake/lake size; no shading With fully allocated river systems and a climate that is currently trending towards warmer temperatures, lake managers are facing difficult problems. In some instances, fish species and vegetation choices may need to change to reflect these new conditions. This may also necessitate more mechanical intervention to keep water clean and oxygenated. When water temperature gets too high or is too high for too long, algae productivity may increase, DO may drop, fish may die due to low DO or heat stress. Climate Change: Global Temperature | NOAA Climate.gov Climate Change Impacts On Lakes – North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-46 turbidity High levels of suspended solids in the water column. Stormwater runoff; sediment from construction in stormwater runoff, or sediment mobilized by intense storms or flushing irrigation flows. Stormwater can resuspend settled sediment creating for turbid water conditions. High turbidity can make breathing harder for fish as they filter dirty water through their gills during the oxygen exchange. These turbidity events can also add to increased temperature, nutrient releases, and heavy metal mobilizations. Lake managers never know what stormwater will bring in. Having good control of your sediment / sludge and microorganisms can help lessen the impacts of these flashy events. Turbidity and Water (usgs.gov) 5.5 turbidity. (2012, March 06). Retrieved from https://archive.epa.gov/water/archive/web/html / vms55.html WQ-47 turbidity High levels of suspended solids in the water column. Post-fire runoff Post-fire runoff can bring different problems to a lake than normal urban run-off. Depending on the location of the fire, there can be high concentrations of mercury, heavy metals, ash, and organic carbons. Lakes higher in the watershed will be more prone to negative impacts and managers should try to have a proactive plan in place should post-fire runoff become a potential concern. Turbidity and Water (usgs.gov) Water quality after wildfire. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/mission- areas/water-resources/science/water-quality- after-wildfire?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt- science_center_objects WQ-48 turbidity High levels of suspended solids in the water column. Mixing Mixing events can be caused from turnovers in larger lakes and high winds in smaller lakes. Suspending sediments re-introduce dormant issues. Turbidity and Water (usgs.gov) Wetzel, R. G. (2015). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego etc.: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. WQ-49 aquatic nuisance species- macrophyte Cattails have filled in all or a significant portion of the lake and have formed a monoculture. Cattail populations are left to overgrow or are receiving nutrient inputs that support excessive growth. Once cattails have reached this level of overgrowth, few other plants species can coexist with them and little to no open water is left in the lake. Thick stands may also lower available DO. Page 80 of 94 ATTACHMENT 7 – BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) TOOLBOX Page 81 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_01 Aeration Mechanical addition/ maintenance of oxygen levels. Capital Improvement/ Maintenance Mechanical low dissolved oxygen; algae blooms; low quality fish habitat; nutrients Any lake or lake that has low dissolved oxygen. May harm cold water fisheries; interfere with recreation; resuspend benthic sediments CWA Section 401 aesthetics; mitigate odor $90-100k $5-30k http://aquatics.org/bmpc hapters/3.4%20Cultural %20and%20Physical% 20Control%20of%20Aq uatic%20Weeds.pdf; https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf BMP_02 Aquatic Algaecide A chemical treatment applied with a specific technique at specific times to target a specific problem with an aquatic plant. Maintenance Chemical aquatic nuisance species-plants Any lake or lake with excessive algae growth that does not have any aquatic species that would be negatively impacted by application of algaecide. Low DO event after application; mortality of desirable vegetation Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000); NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator may need to be licensed. Increased biodiversity Lowered BOD Increased aesthetics $100-3k Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.thelakeguy. com/category/aquatic- algicides Debunking Myths: A Professional’s Take on Herbicides and Algaecides (solitudelakemanageme nt.com) BMP_03 Aquatic Dye EPA-registered dyes or surface covers used to limit light penetration and restrict the depth at which rooted plants can grow. Maintenance Chemical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants; algae blooms Generally used for golf courses and artificial aesthetic lakes. May make water look artificial; downstream impacts; permit may be required; limits access in recreational lakes; increased surface water temperature due to solar absorption of dye; impacts to desirable species Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000); NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? Aesthetics; limit vegetation growth $10-300 Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://aquaticcontrol.co m/product-category/ lake-dyes/ BMP_04 Aquatic Herbicide A chemical treatment applied with a specific technique at specific times to target a specific problem with algae growth. Aquatic Herbicides can be categorized as contact or systematic. Contact herbicides tend to result in rapid injury or death of the contacted plat tissues. Systematic herbicides are translocated throughout the plant tissue and roots once taken up by the plant. Maintenance Chemical aquatic nuisance species-plants When a certain aquatic plant species can be targeted with a specific herbicide, without impacting other aquatic resources. Low DO event after application Contact: Do not use on emergent plant without expert advice. Systematic: Concentration and time of exposure are crucial for proper application. Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000; NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? Increased biodiversity Lowered BOD Increased aesthetics $15-30k Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf Debunking Myths: A Professional’s Take on Herbicides and Algaecides (solitudelake management.com); https://www.sfei.org/site s/default/files/biblio_file s/PestAlternatives_revi ew.pdf Page 82 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_05 Artificial Habitat Structures Implementing a variety of structures that create space for aquatic life to hide, rest and feed. Capital Improvement/Main tenance Mechanical aquatic habitat Placement in areas that will not endanger or interfere recreationists or lake/lake maintenance. Endangerment or interference with recreationists or maintenance activities. CPW may require permit; CWA Section 401 targets invasive plants; allows for more biodiversity $100-3k $0 Fish Habitat — lake King, Inc.; https://www.solitudelak emanagement.com/blo g/helpful-tips-when- installing-artificial- habitat/ Fish Habitat Management | Solitude Lake Management BMP_06 Barley Extract Similar to barley straw but in a concentrated liquid. This liquid works the same as barley straw, however it is faster acting. The concentrate needs to be precisely measured otherwise it can become harmful to the aquatic life in the lake. Maintenance Biological algae blooms Any lake with a known volume and controlled residence time, as the application is fast acting and needs to be precise. Increasing oxygen demand; if used in large quantities it could be harmful to fisheries; classified as a home remedy, not a true pesticide CDPHE permitting may be required; CPW may require permit; CWA Section 402 increased biodiversity; increased aesthetics; low maintenance; long term efficacy; eco- friendly $10-$100 Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.thelakeguy. com/product/the-lake- guy-barley- extract/water-garden- fish-lakes-natural- barley-treatments; https://www.thelakeguy. com/product/the-lake- guy-barley- extract/water-garden- fish-lakes-natural- barley- treatments?p=PPCGO OGA&gclid=Cj0KCQjwp 86EBhD7ARIsAFkgakg KPHJiauYNdLvUWiitbD mUY1d4eOa8plMz7- HrhX5sE4xb4WIgLH8a AlhNEALw_wcB How to Use lake Barley Straw for Algae (Does it Actually Work?) - lake Informer BMP_07 Barley Straw Bundles of barley straw are suspended in the lake, near the surface. As a by- product of the slow decomposition of the straw, low levels of hydrogen peroxide are released into the water. Hydrogen peroxide limits or prevents the growth of algae. It does not kill or remove pre- existing algae. Barley straw works best in a well oxygenated lakes without other underlying water quality issues. For this reason, barley straw is better suited as a preventative method. In other words, it is better suited as an algaestat than an algaecide. This method works best when deployed in the spring and allowed to work throughout the summer. Maintenance Biological algae blooms Any lake known to have algae blooms, in the summer as barley straw works slow and is best used as a preventative measure Increasing oxygen demand; if used in large quantities it could be harmful to fisheries; classified as a home remedy, not a true pesticide CPW may require permit; CWA Section 403 increased biodiversity; increased aesthetics; low maintenance; long term efficacy; eco- friendly $100-1k Variable depending on treatment frequency. FS1171: lake and Lake Management Part VI: Using Barley Straw to Control Algae (Rutgers NJAES) How to Use lake Barley Straw for Algae (Does it Actually Work?) - lake Informer Page 83 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_08 Benthic Barriers Used for localized control of benthic aquatic plants. Blocks sunlight needed for photosynthesis, good in areas <1 acre. Deeper than 4ft often requires scuba diver installation. May impact fish and other benthic organisms. Maintenance Mechanical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants target areas < 500 square feet Lack of natural aquatic vegetation. Repairs and cost of instillation Application permitting may be required; CWA Section 402 or 404. Control muck, sediment, turbidity. Can give more control over many factors driving lake health. $6k+/acre; $14k- 26,200/acre Variable depending on treatment frequency. http://www.apms.org/ja pm/vol50/2- 17716%20p101- 105%20APMdj.pdf; https://lakestewardsofm aine.org/wp- content/uploads/2018/0 1/Benthic-Barriers.pdf; https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf http://aquatics.org/bmpc hapters/3.4%20Cultural %20and%20Physical% 20Control%20of%20Aq uatic%20Weeds.pdf BMP_09 Biocide Chemicals/substances added to inhibit/eliminate target species. Maintenance Chemical algae blooms; vascular plants; Aquatic Nuisance Species - Insect; fish kills Any size lake that has a specific species that is a nuisance in its current setting. may impact water quality; oxygen levels; released/available nutrients; impact desirable species; downstream impacts; may result in decaying vegetation/algae mass. Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000); NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? Increase biodiversity. Site specific application. Control of overgrowth can help aquatic habitat and overall health of the lake. Variable; cost dependent on type, manufacturer costs, shipping, application time, and monitoring strategy. Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. BiocidesforIndustrial Use.pdf (anl.gov) BMP_10 Biocontrol - Classical Use of natural enemy (biocontrol agent) of the nuisance specie (target) from their native range are introduced to control the nuisance specie. Biocontrol agents are usually insects. Maintenance Biological aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants Anywhere where there is a specific species that can be targeted by a native bio-control measure. Establishment of the biocontrol agent and suppression of the target species are not guaranteed; the introduced agent may impact species that are not the target Application permitting may be required; CPW approval may be required Less expensive option, if suitable. No maintenance. Increased bug abundance can help the food abundance for fisheries. Variable; cost dependent on type, manufacturer or rearing costs, shipping and delivery, application time, and monitoring strategy. Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. Introduction - Biological Control: Management Methods - Managing Invasive Plants (fws.gov) BMP_11 Biocontrol - Non-classical Use of a non-natural enemy (biocontrol agent) of the nuisance specie (target) are introduced to control the nuisance specie. Biocontrol agents are usually insects. Maintenance Biological aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants Non-classical bio- control can be harder to find matches for insects and species to be controlled. However, when the insect to be used will not prove to become a nuisance, the conditions are then met. Establishment of the biocontrol agent and suppression of the target species are not guaranteed; the introduced agent may impact species that are not the target Application permitting may be required; CPW approval may be required Less expensive option, if suitable. No maintenance. Increased bug abundance can help the food abundance for fisheries. Variable; cost dependent on type, manufacturer or rearing costs, shipping and delivery, application time, and monitoring strategy. Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. 3.6 Introduction to Biological Control of Aquatic Weeds.pdf (aquatics.org) Page 84 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_12 Biomanipulation Targeted manipulation of ecological interactions to alter ecosystem processes. Maintenance Biological algae blooms; vascular plants; fish kills; aquatic nuisance species- animals; habitat enhancement lakes or lakes where making adjustments to biological interactions with have positive cascading affects. Lakes or lakes that have time to adjust and see results of manipulation, which can take longer than other options introduced species may impact water quality; ecosystem functions; unintended migration; introduced species impact on lake users; impacts on non-target desirable species; impact longevity Application permitting may be required; CPW approval may be required A more natural option that can restore ecological balance and long- term success of lake health. Can reduce management inputs, when implemented properly. $1k-10k Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. Reference: https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf BMP_13 Biopesticides Biopesticides include naturally occurring substances that control pests (biochemical pesticides), microorganisms that control pests (microbial pesticides), and pesticidal substances produced by plants containing added genetic material (plant- incorporated protectants) or PIPs with less risk to non- target organisms. Maintenance Biological aquatic nuisance species-insects; sludge/muck; algae blooms lake and lakes that would be sensitive to chemical applications. Areas that are more sensitive to flow through conditions or other conditions not conducive to chemical applications. Slower rate of target species control compared to conventional pesticides, shorter persistence in the environment, susceptibility to unfavorable environmental conditions. Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000); NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? Can be targeted applications that are low maintenance. Can use plant or insects, so your options can be tailored. Variable; cost dependent on type, manufacturer costs, shipping, application time, and monitoring strategy. Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. https://www.pctonline. com/article/make-way- for--biopesticides/ ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 3130386/ Biopesticides | pesticides | US EPA BMP_14 Cattle Fencing Cattle fencing can help ensure that grazing livestock is deterred from any overgrazing or degradation to riparian areas surrounding lakes. Capital Improvement Mechanical water quality Any surface water body that can be accessible to any livestock. May limit or impede human access to water resources. Primary water resource for cattle may need to be implemented elsewhere. Permitting may be required if there is a land use, ownership issue. Re-establish riparian habitat, maintain a health buffer zone, limit disturbances and nutrient loading. $1600-2,500 $100-$500 ConfProceeding (tamu.edu) BMP_15 Chemical Treatments - Other Addition of chemicals to adjust pH, oxidize compounds, flocculate and settle solids, or affect chemical habitat features. Maintenance Chemical particulate settling; algae blooms; pH; oxidation; disinfection water quality impacts; impact sediment-water interactions; sediment pollutant release; impact desirable species and habitat; impact community assemblages; may require permitting Chemicals can persist in water bodies which can be of concern to downstream entities, the fishery if people consume their catches or human contact of water. Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000) Chemicals can be tailored for specific goals. Many chemicals adjust major baseline factors affecting overall aquatic health. Restoring base line conditions can help all aspects of lake health. Variable; dependent on chemical type. Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. https://www.sfei.org/site s/default/files/biblio_file s/PestAlternatives_revi ew.pdf Page 85 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_16 Circulation Mechanical movement of water to enhance mixing and/or prevent stratification. Maintenance Mechanical stagnation; stratification; low- to-no mixing; low surface aeration; algae blooms Bodies of water that can have access to electrical connections to run pumps. lake where consistent turnover will not affect aquatic organisms that do better with seasonal stratification. Resuspension of benthic sediment; may disrupt habitat or lifecycles of desirable species; may interfere with recreation; Water rights should be considered. Increased Dissolved Oxygen, less algae formation, optional chance to use UV light for disinfection during circulation process. $200-100k Variable depending on equipment selected and maintenance schedule. Consider costs of electricity and winterization. ttps://www.epa.gov/site s/production/files/2015- 04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf BMP_17 Drainage Management Create swales or other graded areas to promote stormwater infiltration to avoid direct discharge into water bodies. Capital Improvement Mechanical sediment- sedimentation; nutrients; pesticides Land around lake is large enough for drainage management structures. Water being diverted needs a safe path to travel without harming others. Infrastructure may require maintenance. USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 Mitigate incoming water and any constituents that may be coming with it. $3k-7k/acre $500-$1,500 ttps://www.epa.gov/site s/production/files/2015- 04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf; http://www.malvern.org/ wp- content/uploads/2013/0 3/vegswale.pdf BMP_18 Drawdown - Full Physically remove all water from lake. Maintenance Mechanical infrastructure lakes that need heavy maintenance or have conditions that cannot be managed through other means. Ability to refill waterbody in a timely manner. CWA Section 401; CPW Permit to kill fish, if drawdown will cause mortality in natural waters; Water rights should be considered. Can allow for a whole new lake with great conditions to be established. A time to introduce new habitat, new riparian zones and more depth. $200-$500 (generally just labor) Variable depending on ease of opening outlet or need to pump out and haul water. $ to $$$ http://ricelake. homestead.com/files/ Facts_about_lake_draw downs.htm https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/ si_public_record_Repor t.cfm?Lab=ORD&dirEnt ryID=33336 BMP_19 Drawdown - Partial Expose submerged species to freezing or drying conditions. Best for species that propagate by root structures or fragmentation. Maintain draw down for at least 6-8 weeks. Maintenance Mechanical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants lakes that have issues that will be accessed with partial drawdown and a bank slope that allows partial drawdown access while also keeping the rest of the aquatic health in good shape. Ability to refill waterbody in a timely manner. CWA Section 401; CPW Permit to kill fish, if drawdown will cause mortality in natural waters; water rights should be considered. sediment compaction; changes in substrate composition; reduce damage to structures; allow for shoreline cleanup access $200-$500 (generally just labor) Variable depending on ease of opening outlet or need to pump out and haul water. http://ricelake.homestea d.com/files/Facts_about _lake_drawdowns.htm http://aquatics.org/bmpc hapters/3.4%20Cultural %20and%20Physical% 20Control%20of%20Aq uatic%20Weeds.pdf BMP_20 Dredging - Excavation Several feet of lake bottom sediment are removed through machine excavation, especially from shallow lakes and lakes that have filled with silt and organic matter over time. Maintenance Mechanical variable depth; sediment- sedimentation; nutrients; improve habitat; low dissolved oxygen; algae blooms; FE control; MN control; rooted plant control Excavation can be applied to any lake as long as budget is not restrictive. All lakes and lakes lose depth to sediment over time. Maintaining optimal depth in a lake may require excavation. Increased turbidity; downstream impacts; suspend possible contaminants; disposal of dredged material; biotic community composition; desirable species; desirable habitats; impact longevity CPW; USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 aquatic weed control $250k+ Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf Interview w/Aquatic Associates; http://aquatics.org/bmpc hapters/3.2%20Develop ing%20a%20Lake%20 Management%20Plan.p df Page 86 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_21 Dredging - Vacuum / Suction Vacuum dredging can help remove sediment from a lake or lake with less disturbance than excavation. This requires either a dredging barge or suction truck with enough power to dislodge sediment. Maintenance Mechanical sludge/muck lakes with a benthic make up that is conducive to suction, i.e., muck, fine sands, small rocks. Dredging can be expensive and depth limited if suction is from lake edges. Suction barges require boat ramp infrastructure. CPW; USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 Removal of built- up nutrients, heavy metals and reduction of suspended particles. $250k+; diver dredging: $1,100-2k Variable depending on treatment frequency. Interview w/Aquatic Associates; https://www.sfei.org/site s/default/files/biblio_file s/PestAlternatives_revi ew.pdf BMP_22 Erosion Control Treatments that reduce the amount of erosion and associated sedimentation from areas surrounding or upstream of a lake. Controlling erosion helps prevent the increase in sedimentation. Erosion control can also stabilize and increase the efficacy of riparian and littoral zones. Capital Improvement/Main tenance Mechanical sediment- sedimentation; nutrients; contaminants of concern (COCs) Hillslopes, roads or channels that are accessible for mitigation efforts. Erosion control often requires continually upkeep and sediment management if sediment is captured upstream of lake. USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 Maintain lake depth, less contamination from sediment transported constituents. $500-$6k; variable depending on treatment used. $1-2/ft (for things like straw wattles, biodegradable mesh, and silt fence) + installation labor cost Variable depending on treatment used and maintenance frequency. https://agupubs.onlineli brary.wiley.com/doi/epd f/10.1002/2015WR0180 14 https://www.uwsp.edu/c nr- ap/UWEXLakes/Docum ents/programs/LakeSho reTraining/21.0_develo ping_a_cost_estimate/2 006_erosion_control_co sts_mn.pdf BMP_23 Fish Introduction - Catfish Catfish have a wide variety of species that have a wide range of benefits to lakes and lakes. They can help with vegetation overgrowth issues. They are adapted to warmer waters, making them ideal inhabitants for urban areas. They can increase the productivity of a recreational fishery. Maintenance Biological aquatic nuisance species-plants; low productivity lakes that can handle a large aquatic fish species that will become a key part to ecological balance in the lake. May not be permitted in water bodies with sensitive species; may increase turbidity CWA Section 401; CPW Stocking Permit Increased fishing opportunities, outcompete unwanted fish species, can handle increasing water temperatures. $1k-10k Variable https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf http://www.dunnsfishfar m.com/fish_pricing.htm BMP_24 Fish Introduction - Grass carp (Cteno- pharyngodon idella Cuvier and Valenciennes) Fish species native to Russia and China with high lake grass herbivory capability. Can be bred to be non-reproductive. Maintenance Biological aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants lakes that can handle a large aquatic fish species that will become a key part to ecological balance in the lake. Only stock in closed systems; DO NOT stock in open systems connected to other lakes, lakes, streams, or rivers. Lake conditions must meet requirements for carp survival; increase in algae; decrease in water clarity; not allowed in some states or may require permit CWA Section 401; CPW Stocking Permit reintroduce nutrients held in vegetation to water column; increase algae $45-$125/acre Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.sfei.org/site s/default/files/biblio_file s/PestAlternatives_revi ew.pdf Page 87 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_25 Flooding Flooding target areas to aid or eliminate species. Maintenance Biological aquatic nuisance species-plants; access for maintenance/const ruction; access for dredging; sediment- sedimentation; rooted plant control; fish productivity; lakes that have access to enough water upstream required to meet project goals for a controlled flooding event. downstream impacts; flood storage; impacts to nutrient levels; DO; pH; sloughing; erosion; compaction; odor; access and public safety; impacts to desirable species and habitat; connectivity with groundwater/wells; aesthetics CWA Section 401; CPW Permit to kill fish, if flooding will cause mortality in natural waters or introduce unwanted species into other water bodies; Water rights should be considered. Can allow for a rebalance of aquatic life, restore a functioning system that requires less input. $500- $25k/acre, depending on water source, gravitational piping or pumping. Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.mass.gov/fi les/documents/2016/08/ sd/eutrophication-and- aquatic-plant- management-in- massachusetts-final- generic-environmental- impact-report- mattson.pdf BMP_26 Flushing Increasing flow while decreasing residence time to reduce or minimize the concentrations of any unwanted substance(s). Maintenance Mechanical residence time; pollutants; contaminants of concern (COCs); algae blooms N/A water supply quantity/quality variability; downstream impacts; may resuspend benthic sediments; may impact fish productivity and/or habitat; recreator safety; could cause un-natural turn over event Water rights and downstream water quality regulations should be considered. minimizes detention, response to pollutants may be reduced $500- $25k/acre, depending on water source, gravitational piping or pumping. Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.mass.gov/fi les/documents/2016/08/ sd/eutrophication-and- aquatic-plant- management-in- massachusetts-final- generic-environmental- impact-report- mattson.pdf BMP_27 Hydro-Raking and Rotovation Disruption of sediments and disruption of aquatic rooted plants. Maintenance Mechanical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants; unwanted features/structures Not practical for some smaller lakes DO NOT use on vegetation that spreads by fragmentation; may disrupt fish or benthic organisms; increased turbidity; sediment-water interactions; may resuspend benthic sediments; may impact habitat; CPW; USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401; certified operator may be required where there is severe weed infestation, this technique could be appropriate $2k-10k; $1,200-$2k per acre; mechanical cutting: $100- 11,000/acre Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.solitudelak emanagement.com/blo g/hydro-raking-restore- open-water-prolong- dredging/; https://www.sfei.org/site s/default/files/biblio_file s/PestAlternatives_revi ew.pdf BMP_28 Lining - Natural Seal the bottom of the lake/lake with bentonite, sands, gravel, or other natural sealants. Capital Improvement Mechanical rooted plant growth; sediment- water interactions; algae blooms; recreation appeal N/A sealant impact on water column; impact longevity CPW may require permit retains water and nutrients $25-50k $0 https://www.homeadvis or.com/cost/landscape/l ake-liner-prices/ https://reader.elsevier.c om/reader/sd/pii/S1364 03212030006X?token= 73D47C8159BD642011 F22A94C7D27A14F0C 53B5AE966671F48CD F4A07D0F8A090CF7B F3D2F76FA66EDCD9A 00E98F3F58&originRe gion=us-east- Page 88 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) 1&originCreation=2021 0702210528 BMP_29 Lining - Synthetic Seal the bottom of the lake/lake with a synthetic barrier to help prevent water loss and vegetation growth. Capital Improvement Mechanical water loss; aquatic nuisance species- plants Not practical for some larger lakes. sealant impact on water column; impact longevity; challenges associated with high groundwater (e.g., floating liner if groundwater is high and lake surface is low); loss of inflows from groundwater CPW may require permit retains water and nutrients $3k-8k/acre $0 https://www.lakemanag ementinc.net/lake-liner- lifespan/ https://www.homeadvis or.com/cost/landscape/i nstall-a-lake/ BMP_30 Microbe Treatment There are seven groups of microbes; bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The most common means of lake treatment utilizing microbes is the use of beneficial bacteria. This bacteria can help the overall health of most lakes by aiding in clarity, sludge reduction and purification. Maintenance Biological nutrients N/A could increase bacteria in water if incorrect microbes used for treatment Application permitting may be required; CDPHE Aquatic Pesticides Permit (General Permit COG860000) Decrease need for algaecides $50-1k Variable depending on treatment frequency. Interview w/Aquatic Associates; https://www.aquascapei nc.com/produ https://aosts.com/role- microbes- microorganisms-used- wastewater-sewage- treatment/ BMP_31 Nutrient Reduction - Biochar Biochar is charcoal produced from biomass. It is a stable solid, rich in carbon and has properties that allow biochar to absorb nutrients that come into contact with the material. Maintenance Biological nutrients N/A erosion and potential reduction in nutrient and pesticide use efficiency Application permitting may be required. reduces nitrogen leaching into groundwater and runoff into surface water. Extremely absorbent. $50-$500 Variable depending on treatment frequency and monitoring strategy. Biochar: Filter and Physically Excess lake nutrients (solitudelakemanageme nt.com) https://extension.psu.ed u/using-biochar-for- water-quality; https://farm- energy.extension.org/bi ochar-prospects-of- commercialization/ Page 89 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_32 Nutrient Reduction - Buffered Liquid Allum Alum (aluminum sulfate) is a non-toxic chemical treatment for lakes that precipitates out a floc when applied to the water, allowing for the alum to bind with phosphate. The aluminum phosphate compound is insoluble in water and drops out of the water column onto the benthic surface. Maintenance Chemical nutrients N/A potential toxicity on aquatic species Application permitting may be required, NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? Cheaper than other methods. $280- $700/acre 0 Alum Brochure.doc (wi.gov); https://www.pca.state.m n.us/water/lake- protection-and- management Interview w/Aquatic Associates; https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf BMP_33 Nutrient Reduction - Phoslock® Phoslock® is a patented product that binds free reactive phosphorus (FRP). This compound settles out of the water column, similar to the alum application. Maintenance Chemical nutrients N/A can act as a source of NH4+ Application permitting may be required; NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? management of blue green algae blooms $400-1k Variable depending on treatment frequency. Phoslock | SePRO Corporation Interview w/Aquatic Associates https://www.sciencedire ct.com/science/article/pi i/S2589914721000086 BMP_34 Nutrient Supplementatio n Addition of nutrients to increase productivity or alter nutrient ratios. Maintenance Chemical low productivity; algae blooms; improve fish habitat N/A water quality impacts; may change sedimentation rate; food web structure; shifts to undesirable algae composition; decreased water clarity 303d and/or 401 compliance may be required. can improve forage conditions for microzooplankton $30-$500 Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.thelakeguy. com/ https://fisheries.org/doc s/books/x54034xm/14.p df BMP_35 Pet Waste Program Install pet waste stations for local citizens to gather and dispose of pet waste before it enters the lake. Capital Improvement/Main tenance/Administr ative Biological Escherichia coli (E. coli) N/A would require maintenance Permitting may be required depending on land use and/or ownership. reduces nutrients and pathogenic bacteria that could enter the water $70-$350 per station $500-$1k https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf; file:///C:/Users/jennifer. mccarty/OneDrive%20- %20SWCA/Desktop/jra- cost-memo-june- update.pdf BMP_36 Phytoremediati on Create natural water quality buffer areas near to or in lakes, such as wetland habitat, using plants to remove, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants. Capital Improvement Biological contaminants of concern (COCs); contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); sediment- sedimentation; fish habitat lakes large enough to accommodate or near to available space that may be converted for phytoremediation. requires some maintenance, not as disruptive to the natural ecosystem USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 does not generate contaminated secondary waste, enhances soil fertility, low cost $9-300/m3; $2k-6k $1k-$3k https://www.lrrb.org/pdf/ 200523.pdf; https://www.pca.state.m n.us/sites/default/files/p -gen3-13x.pdf; https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf ; https://www.pca.state.m n.us/sites/default/files/p -gen3-13x.pdf Page 90 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_37 Sediment Treatment Chemicals/substances added to alter sediment features to limit plant growth or control chemical exchange reactions. Maintenance Chemical sediment-water interactions; nutrients; algae blooms N/A impact on water column; impact longevity; may impact benthic and water column biota; Herbicide and pesticide chemical application to waterbodies requires a City Pesticide Discharge Permit. Other application permitting may be required; NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? Can reduce internal P loading. Variable depending on treatment type. Variable depending on treatment type and application frequency. Effects of alum treatment on water quality and sediment in the Minneapolis Chain of Lakes, Minnesota (tandfonline.com) BMP_38 Shredder Boat and Removal Harvester Used on larger lakes to cut up surface or shallow water vegetation. Maintenance Mechanical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants Not practical for smaller lakes. Not practical for smaller lakes; DO NOT use on vegetation that spreads by fragmentation; may disrupt fish or other organisms CWA Section 401; may require CPW approval Can remove large amounts of aquatic vegetation in short amount of time. Variable depending on type of shredder boat/harvester used and treatment frequency. Variable depending on type of shredder boat/ harvester used and treatment frequency. http://www.ijetjournal.or g/Volume2/Issue2/IJET- V2I2P14.pdf BMP_39 Sludge Reducer A combination of beneficial bacteria and enzymes that help accelerate the solubilization and digestion of organic solids. Maintenance Biological sludge/muck N/A water has to be at least 60 degrees to apply Herbicide and pesticide chemical application to waterbodies requires a City Pesticide Discharge Permit. Other application permitting may be required; NPDES permits; CWA Section 401; applicator must be licensed? not consumed by the water column, low maintenance $50-$300 Variable depending on treatment frequency. Interview w/Aquatic Associates; https://webbsonline.co m/Item/40017 BMP_40 Supplemental Flow Supplement flow with increased flow from inlet or other source. Maintenance Mechanical low dissolved oxygen; algae blooms, sludge/muck, aquatic nuisance species-plants N/A has the potential to change water temperature and effect aquatic life present in waterbodies CWA Section 401; Water rights should be considered has the potential to improve water quality depending on the quality of the water being used Variable depending on water source. Variable depending on water source and treatment frequency. http://www.leginfo.ca.go v/pub/15- 16/bill/sen/sb_0551- 0600/sb_564_bill_2016 0916_chaptered.pdf Page 91 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_41 UV Light UV is an effective, safe and environmentally friendly way to disinfect water. UV can be used to limit algae growth, eliminate E.coli, eliminate parasites and treat recycled water, incoming water or discharged waters. Capital Improvement Mechanical algae blooms Best for aesthetic lakes and free- floating algae. Not ideal for stormwater or irrigation lakes or stringy or immobile algae that would not flow through a filter. Flow must be precise to allow enough time for UV treatment of passing water. Additional piping for pumping increases initial cost of unit and requires routine maintenance. Bulbs and tubing prone to breakage during routine maintenance. Device must be regulated under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) May increase aeration. $25k-$250k per unit. $1k+ per unit https://homeguides.sfga te.com/waterfall-uv- light-installation- 59283.html An-Introduction-to-UV- Wastewater- Disinfection-eBook- FINAL.pdf (trojanuv.com); https://www.buyultraviol et.com/ecologic-lake- lake-reclamation- systems https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2020 -10/documents/uvlight- complianceadvisory.pdf BMP_42 Vegetation - Littoral Zone Bioaugmentatio n Plant a mixture of productive plants that thrive in the littoral zone. Capital Improvement Biological water quality; aquatic habitat; sediment- sedimentation; organic material, nutrients; pesticides lakes big enough to accommodate plants. Avoid areas where plants may conflict with recreation. Access to water May require CPW approval Restore littoral plant communities; increase carbon storage. $1-6k $300-$400 https://www.colliercount yfl.gov/your- government/divisions-f- r/natural- resources/littoral-zones; https://www.broward.or g/NatureScape/CreateN aturescape/Documents/ landscaping_on_edge.p df; https://www.nrem.iastat e.edu/bmpcosttools/file s/page/files/2016%20C ost%20Sheet%20for%2 0Riparian%20Buffer%2 0or%20Filter%20Strip.p df Quantifying the Effect of a Vegetated Littoral Zone on Wet Detention lake Pollutant Load Reduction (2005) (ucf.edu); https://agupubs.onlineli brary.wiley.com/doi/epd f/10.1002/2015WR0180 14 Page 92 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_43 Vegetation - Selective Harvesting Hand cutting, pulling and selective harvesting are highly selective vegetation removal techniques that target easily identified species. They are usually used to target new infestations with low plant density (generally less than 500 stems per acre). These methods can be used to remove more dense plant growth over small areas, but benthic barriers or suction harvesting may be more effective. These methods can also be used as important follow-up to herbicide treatment. Maintenance Mechanical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants; algae blooms Not practical for larger lakes or larger effected areas. root pieces and fragments left by self-propagating plants may exacerbate the problem; hand- pulling can disturb sediment and make it difficult to identify other plants; DO NOT use hand rakes for weed control without expert guidance; sediment-water interactions; resuspension of benthic sediments; may disturb desirable organisms and habitats CWA Section 401; certification required if SCUBA used in shallow waters, it requires little skill or equipment and can therefore be cost-effective. Can be used to target specific weeds in an area. $500- $2,400/acre Variable depending on treatment frequency. BMP_44 Vegetation - Riparian Bioaugmentatio n Implementation of a riparian buffer or vegetative zone adjacent to inlets and lakes. No-mow buffers can improve water quality and reduce nutrients to lake. Riparian ecosystems can be established through seed planting, transplanting or a combination. Capital Improvement Biological water quality; aquatic habitat; sediment- sedimentation; organic material, nutrients; pesticides; Escherichia coli (E. coli) N/A Establishing vegetation Maintenance and upkeep USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 Sediment control Ecological habitat Increased aesthetics; geese control $1-6k $200-$400 Chapter_6-7-1.pdf (stormwaterpa.org) Riparian buffer width, vegetative cover, and nitrogen removal effectiveness: A review of current science and regulations (epa.gov); https://agupubs.onlineli brary.wiley.com/doi/epd f/10.1002/2015WR0180 14 BMP_45 Vegetation - Tree Bioaugmentatio n Planting trees can help with bank stabilization, shade and aesthetics of lakes and lakes. Capital Improvement Biological restore riparian plant communities; sediment- sedimentation; organic material; nutrients; pesticides N/A short term increased sediment during planting that could add sediment to the waterbody Non-WOTUS do not require a permit; visual obstruction permissions may be required. Restore riparian plant communities; increase carbon storage. $300-11k $300- $500 per acre https://www.parklandco unty.com/en/live-and- play/resources/Docume nts/PRC/iceheave/Shor eline-Stabilization- Sample-Plans.pdf BMP_46 water quality Monitoring Implement water quality monitoring to determine baseline and changing water quality standards for adaptive and responsive management. Maintenance N/A any All can be expensive to develop and maintain over a long period of time, requires long period of time to draw conclusions from data N/A can provide more data than is currently available, are able to target areas of concern to monitor over a short or long period of time Variable depending on monitoring type and frequency. Variable depending on monitoring type and frequency. https://www.usgs.gov/c enters/umid- water/science/lake- monitoring-and- research?qt- science_center_objects =0#qt- science_center_objects Page 93 of 94 UNIQUE ID BMP DESCRIPTION BMP TYPE BMP MECHANISM TARGET WATER BODY ISSUE APPLICABLE LAKE CONDITIONS POTENTIAL CONCERNS PERMITTING AND WATER RIGHTS CO-BENEFIT(S) CAPITAL COSTS O&M COSTS PER YEAR (ADJUSTED FOR 20- YEAR BMP LIFESPAN) ADDITIONAL RESOURCE(S) REFERENCE(S) BMP_47 Weed rollers Rollers can be up to 30 feet long and sit on the lake bottom powered by an electric motor. Travel forward and reverse in up to a 270-degree arc around a pivot point. Typically installed at the end of a dock. Plants become wrapped around the roller and are dislodged from the sediment. Roller motion disrupts and compresses the bottom sediments, which prevents plants from becoming re-established. Maintenance Mechanical aquatic nuisance species-plants; aquatic invasive species-plants Not practical for smaller lakes. Not practical for large areas; may disrupt fish and other benthic organisms; may require permit CPW; USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401; certified operator may be required Compresses benthic sediment $2k/acre Variable depending on treatment frequency. https://www.sfei.org/site s/default/files/biblio_file s/PestAlternatives_revi ew.pdf BMP_48 Forebay Construction Sediment capture area upstream along inlet waterway to target waterbody where sediment settles out prior to entering the waterbody. May include road access for easy dredging and maintenance of forebay. Reduces sediment maintenance of waterbody. Capital Improvement/Main tenance Mechanical sediment- sedimentation; nutrients; pesticides N/A requires periodic dredging, invasive weeds can become an issue to downstream water quality USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 can help to trap the incoming sediments and prolong the benefits of dredging $1,000- $2,000/acre $800-$4,000 https://www.mass.gov/fi les/documents/2016/08/ sd/eutrophication-and- aquatic-plant- management-in- massachusetts-final- generic-environmental- impact-report- mattson.pdf BMP_49 Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Damming surface water outflow and withdrawing hypolimnetic water. Capital Improvement/Main tenance Mechanical low dissolved oxygen-anoxia; nutrients lakes that have an outlet that may be modified to drain hypolimnetic water or access for pumping hypolimnetic water. summer drawdown, disruption of stratification, and downstream water quality. Effectiveness requires long-term use of this BMP CWA Section 401; CPW Permit to kill fish if withdrawal will cause mortality in natural waters; water rights should be considered. $3k-45k for withdrawal pipes $50-1k https://upstreamtechnol ogies.us/docs/SAFL_Ba ffle_Vs_Forebay.pdf; https://www.epa.gov/sit es/production/files/2015 -04/documents/nutrient- economics-report- 2015.pdf page III-13 BMP_50 SAFL Baffle Stormwater pretreatment system that filters sediment from inflowing water prior to entering downstream waterbodies. Capital Improvement/Main tenance Mechanical sediment- sedimentation N/A N/A USACE Section 404; CWA Section 401 $670/acre $500-$1,000 https://upstreamtechnol ogies.us/docs/SAFL- Baffle-Design-Guide.pdf BMP_51 Landscape Fertilizer Application Best practice to provide education to the public related to landscape fertilizer application to reduce nutrient runoff to waterways. Education Chemical Nutrients N/A N/A Variable Variable https://extension.colost ate.edu/docs/pubs/gard en/xcm222.pdf Page 94 of 94 1 January 11, 2023 Land Conservation and Stewardship Board Meeting Urban Lakes Water Quality Management Policy and Guidance Update Richard Thorp, Watershed Program Manager Water Quality Services Division City of Fort Collins Utilities 2 Seeking Board Motion Seeking a formal motion to recommend that Council adopt the draft Policy Project Scope Guidance •Technical resource to support policy implementation •Available to private lakes managers •Not a prescriptive water quality management plan 3 Policy •Framework for City’s Urban Lakes water quality operational and management decisions •City-owned lakes w/in growth management area (GMA) •Excludes private waters, drinking water reservoirs and Poudre 4 Project Timeline Q1 2021 Guidance development kick-off Q3 1. Guidance drafted 2. Met with City Boards and Water Commission Q4 Q1 Policy development kick-off 2022 Q2 Community engagement Q2 Subject matter experts interviewed & surveyed Q3 Q1 2023 1. Meet with City Boards and Water Commission; 2. Request Council Adopt Policy 3. Finalize Guidance and Policy Policy drafted Policy scope of work developed Developed community engagement program Q4 Drafting the Policy •Project team determined details of Policy •Community engagement: ✓Subject Matter Expert Surveys and Interviews ✓Community at-large ✓City Advisory Boards 5 Policy Development Workshop Community at Large •What are community’s concerns and priorities? •Equitable and inclusive, diverse perspectives •Outreach approach: ✓survey ✓social media, websites ✓engagement at lakes ✓1:1 meetings 6 Riverbend Ponds Rigden Reservoir What did we learn? •Community highly values the City’s urban lakes: recreation and wildlife •Algal blooms, odors and fish kills primary concern •Water quality concerns influence patterns of use •Requested communication regarding water quality issues 7 Trophy-sized carp North Shields Ponds By the numbers: 30 events 437 people observed 1,444 people engaged 273 surveys completed LCSB Feedback •Suggested sharing community engagement survey with Trout Unlimited •Engage private lake HOAs •Need to clearly define urban lakes in Policy •Define City’s management jurisdiction in Policy 8 Duck Lake Final Draft Policy •Background, vision and purpose •Key terms •Scope and applicability •Management objectives •Management plans •Communication •Accountability 9 Trophy-sized carp North Shields Ponds Spring Canyon Dog Park Pond 10 Seeking Board Motion Seeking a formal motion to recommend that Council adopt the draft Policy Thank you! Richard Thorp Watershed Program Manager 970-416-4327 rthorp@fcgov.com fcgov.com/source-water-monitoring Riverbend Ponds Land Conservation & Stewardship Board 2022 Annual Report Members: Andrea Elson, Chair Vicky McLane Ross Cunniff, Vice-Chair Alycia Crall Mike Weber Elena Lopez Denise Culver Cole Kramer Joe Piesman 2022 ANNUAL REPORT Page 1 The Land Conservation and Stewardship Board (LCSB) is pleased to present the 2022 Annual Report to the Mayor and City Council. It has been a pleasure to fulfill our responsibilities as advisors to City Council on issues related to natural areas. MEMOS TO CITY COUNCIL June 13, 2022: The Land Conservation and Stewardship Board strongly urges City Council to continue the steps necessary to expeditiously implement the 1041 Regulations and stands ready to review and advise during this important regulatory development process. November 10, 2022: The Land Conservation and Stewardship Board recommends City Council protect Natural Areas to the greatest extent possible through the upcoming oil and gas regulation changes. November 10, 2022: The Land Conservation and Stewardship Board recommends City Council support the proposed 90-day extension to the 1041 Moratorium so City Council may further explore and define the natural resource definitions for 1041 Regulations; and for City Council to consider additional areas and activities that could be covered under 1041 Regulations. RECOMMENDATIONS TO CITY COUNCIL The LCSB recommends City Council approve the following items: Recommends City Council approve the amendment to the Williams Conservation Easement. Recommends City Council approve the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Larimer County to partner on the purchase of the Quarter Circle Ranch Conservation Easement. Recommends City Council adopt the proposed re-platting with the right-of-way dedication; with the caveat this does not apply any endorsement by the LCSB of future parking lot or road expansion on Cathy Fromme Prairie Natural Area. Recommends City Council approve an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Larimer County to partner on the purchase of a 675-acre property for the Bobcat Ridge Expansion Conservation Project. Recommends City Council approve the proposed 2022 Appropriation of Prior Year Natural Areas Land Conservation & Stewardship Board 2022 Annual Report 2 022 ANNUAL REPORT Page 2 Department reserves. Recommends City Council approve the grant appropriations for the Poudre River Fish Passage Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA). Recommends City Council approve a resolution and related actions to help bird species recover, by supporting the celebration of World Migratory Bird Day and applying to be a certified Bird City. Recommends City Council approve the proposed updates and changes to the Natural Areas Municipal Code. Recommends City Council adopt the Active Modes Plan. Recommends LCSB support the City signing the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Larimer County and recommend the Natural Areas Department staff investigate and report on existing and potential monitoring on non-target animal species. Recommends City Council approve an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Larimer County to partner on the purchase of the 1,547-acre Heaven’s Door Ranch property. Recommends City Council protect natural areas to the greatest extent possible through upcoming oil and gas regulation changes. Recommends City Council support the proposed 90-day extension to the 1041 Moratorium so City Council may further explore and define the natural resource definitions for 1041 Regulations; and for City Council to consider additional areas and activities that could be covered under 1041 Regulations. PRESENTATIONS BY GUESTS AND NATURAL AREAS DEPARTMENT (NAD) STAFF Kristin Powell, NAD Lead Ranger and Dave Irwin, NAD Lead Ranger, introduced the Ranger Team and provided an overview of the mission, history, and structure of the Ranger Program. Julia Feder, NAD Environmental Program Manager; Bernadette Kuhn, NAD Senior Environmental Planner; and Heidi Wagner, NAD Senior Environmental Planner, provided a summary of the Conservation and Stewardship Planning and Mountains to Plains 2021 Zone Update. Zoë Shark, NAD Public Engagement Manager, shared an email from Community Development and Neighborhood Services (CDNS) addressing 1041 Regulations and inquired for volunteers from the LCSB who would be interested in participating in group discussions surrounding 1041. Alynn Karnes, NAD Land Conservation Specialist, spoke about the amendment changes made to the Hazelhurst Conservation Easement. Alynn Karnes, NAD Land Conservation Specialist, introduced the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Larimer County to purchase a conservation easement on 428-acres, Quarter Circle Land Conservation & Stewardship Board 2022 Annual Report 2 022 ANNUAL REPORT Page 3 Ranch, within the Laramie Foothills Mountain to Plains Priority Area. Heidi Wagner, NAD Senior Environmental Planner, introduced the Cathy Fromme Prairie subdivision right-of-way dedication. Julia Feder, NAD Senior Environmental Planner; Matt Fater, Interim Director, Stormwater Utilities; Jason Stutzman, Senior Project Manager, Utilities Capital Projects; Dusty Robinson Lead Designer, Air Associates; Angie Belewski, Lead Designer, Air Associates; and Bernadette Kuhn, NAD Senior Environmental Planner, presented an update on the Utilities Stream Rehabilitation and Enhancement Program. Kelly Smith, Senior Environmental Planner, Community Development and Neighborhood Services and Cassie Archuleta, Air Quality Program Manager, provided updates on the release of the draft Oil and Gas Regulations update. Alynn Karnes, NAD Land Conservation Specialist, presented a proposed Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Larimer County to purchase a 675-acre property in the Foothills/Buckhorn/Redstone Priority Area. Courtney Geary, Active Modes Manager, provided a summary of the goals of Active Modes to include updating and consolidating the 2011 Pedestrian Plan and the 2014 Bicycle Plan. Katie Donahue, NAD Director, reviewed the Budgeting for Outcomes (BFO) offers explaining the Natural Areas Department is not proposing any offers beyond normal operations in prior years. Barb Brock, NAD Financial Analyst, presented the Annual Appropriation of Prior Year Reserves. Bernadette Kuhn, NAD Senior Environmental Planner, shared a presentation on the Poudre River Fish Passage Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA), highlighting details of the project and scope of work. Bernadette Kuhn, NAD Senior Environmental Planner, briefed the Board on the work NAD has been doing over the last 3 years to obtain a grant from Colorado Parks & Wildlife to improve the habitat for native fish at the Environmental Learning Center (ELC); and a larger project with Utilities to secure a Water Right at the ELC. Julia Feder, NAD Program Manager; Kate Rentschlar, NAD Environmental Planner; Jen Shanahan, NAD Senior Watershed Planner; and Zoë Shark, NAD Public Engagement Manager, presented conservation and stewardship planning updates for the Poudre River Zone, the Mountains to Plains Zone, and public engagement across zones. Alynn Karnes, NAD Land Conservation Specialist, presented the charter for placing conservation easements on Natural Areas owned properties, explained the process of ranking for conservation easements, and described how properties are prioritized within each zone. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board 2022 Annual Report 2 022 ANNUAL REPORT Page 4 Zoë Shark, NAD Public Engagement Manager, requested support from the Board for a resolution that would help bird species by supporting the celebration of World Migratory Bird Day and applying to be a certified Bird City. Aaron Reed, NAD Senior Supervisor for Facility Operations, presented the Bobcat Ridge Natural Area Dump Clean-up, which included and summarized a remediation history, two-management options the NAD were offered to address the issue, final steps of remediation, and clean-up costs. Katie Donahue, NAD Director, reviewed Natural Areas Department metrics and information sharing. She shared a sample of metrics tracked by the City for each of the seven community outcomes, with specific details referring to the Natural Areas Department; reviewed how NAD tracks accountability, and measures improved habitat. Julia Feder, NAD Environmental Planning Manager, opened a discussion about a field trip to Kestrel Fields Natural Area to observe the conservation agricultural project. Katie Donahue, NAD Director, outlined the Natural Areas Department role in the City’s easement application process. Alynn Karnes, NAD Land Conservation Specialist, introduced a potential drainage easement to Fort Collins Nissan-KIA, across the southwest corner of Redtail Grove Natural Area. The Nissan-KIA dealership development plan requires a drainage path be identified and formalized to mitigate their stormwater outfall from the development. Jesse Green, NAD Ranger, presented proposed changes to the Fort Collins Municipal Code Chapter 23, Article IX, which cover Natural Areas regulations. Julia Feder, Environmental Planning Manager, introduced the Buckeye Ranch Conservation Project, to conserve nearly 1,000-acres north of Fort Collins, in partnership with Larimer County. Rachel Ruhlen, Transportation Planner with FC Moves, presented an overview of the draft Active Modes plan which combines and updates the City’s 2011 Pedestrian Plan and 2014 Bicycle Plan, and incorporates micro mobility devices, such as: electric scooters and skateboards. Bernadette Kuhn, NAD Senior Environmental Planner, presented an overview of the RESTORE Big Game Critical Winter Habitat Range Project. Jen Shanahan, NAD Environmental Planner, provided a high-level overview of the Northern Integrated Supply Project (NISP), outlining the main components, the City’s involvement to date, permitting processes, and the City’s priorities for engagement in 2022. Julia Feder, NAD Environmental Planning Manager, reported City Planning staff submitted comments to Larimer County’s Environmental Planning Review Team on several items, including lighting and plans for the new Larimer County Mental Health Facility. Land Conservation & Stewardship Board 2022 Annual Report 2 022 ANNUAL REPORT Page 5 Julia Feder, NAD Environmental Program Manager, presented the request from the City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Department to enter an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources to purchase a 1,547-acre property adjacent to the City’s Foothills/Buckhorn/Redstone Priority Area and within the County’s Blue Mountain Conservation Area. Matt Parker, NAD Senior Supervisor Restoration Management and Aran Meyer, NAD Wildlife Ecologist, shared a presentation on prairie dog management efforts on Natural Areas properties. They outlined accomplishments, lessons learned, ongoing partnerships aimed at prairie dog conservation, and described how staff manage Soapstone Prairie Natural Area (SSN) and Meadow Springs Ranch (MSR) in comparison to management of the urban-interface properties. Kirk Longstein, Senior Environmental Planner, Community Development & Neighborhood Services, briefed the Board on the outcomes of the October 25, 2022, Council Work Session on the Draft Oil and Gas Regulations. Kirk Longstein, Senior Environmental Planner, Community Development & Neighborhood Services, briefed the Board on the November 7, 2022, City Council Work Session, in which a 90-day extension to the 1041 moratorium was passed and Version 2 draft regulations were discussed. Sylvia Tatman-Burrus, Sr. Project Manager, City Hall and Ginny Sawyer, Sr. Project Manager, City Hall, welcomed the Kearns & West team: Caitlin Sheridan, Project Coordinator and Morgan Lommele, Director, who shared a presentation highlighting the historical milestones of the Hughes Stadium site and discussed current efforts of the Hughes Stadium site stakeholder engagement conversations and surveys regarding the potential reuse of the former Hughes Stadium. MISCELLANEOUS Andrea Elson was elected to serve as the Chair of the LCSB. Ross Cunniff was elected to serve as Vice-Chair of the LCSB. Mike Weber provided updates from the Bicycle Advisory Committee (BAC): • Passing of the Safety Stop in the State of Colorado • Briefed the Board on the North Metropolitan Planning Organization’s funding discussions for the update on trails, connectivity, and a new bike lane on Pitkin. • SPIN e-bike and e-scooter new public dashboard to view metrics • “Stop-as-Yield” impacts on bike-only infrastructure Katie Donahue, NAD Director, updated the Board on multiple NAD vacancies, internal staff transitions, and newly acquired NAD staff: • Michelle Vattano, NAD Business Support III – transitioned out of their role with the City • Kelly Smith, accepted NAD Senior Environmental Planner position • Rachael Russell, accepted NAD Coordinator for Primrose Studio and studio space at the Buckhorn Addition to Bobcat Ridge position • Kristina Ostrowski, accepted NAD Business Support III position Land Conservation & Stewardship Board 2022 Annual Report 2 022 ANNUAL REPORT Page 6 • Tawnya Ernst, accepted NAD Land Conservation Lead Specialist position • Seve Ghose, Director of Community Services – transitioned out of their role with the City • Dean Klingner, accepted Interim Director of Community Services position • Tyler Marr, accepted Deputy City Manager position Kelly Smith, NAD Environmental Planner, transitioned project management of 1041 Regulations to Kirk Longstein, Senior Environmental Planner, Community Development and Neighborhood Services, and Rebecca Everett, Senior Manager, Community Development and Neighborhood Services. Katie Donahue, NAD Director, shared the Town of Windsor ballot initiative to increase the town's sales tax by 0.25% to fund acquisition of more open space areas passed. The mayor read the proclamation announcing the 30th Anniversary of Natural Areas and the passing of the first ballot initiative at the November 1, 2022 Council meeting. The City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Department hosted the NAD 30th Anniversary Celebration at the Lincoln Center on November 30, 2022. Councilmember Kelly Ohlson attended the December 2022 LCSB Meeting and expressed gratitude to Member Mike Weber and Member Vicky McLane for their service and commitment while serving on the Land Conservation & Stewardship Board. LAND CONSERVATION The Natural Areas Department reported a total of 2,415-total conserved acres year-to-date with a total land conservation portfolio at the conclusion of 2022 of 57,719-acres. Budgeted land conservation funds for 2022 were $15,200,000, with a total of $8,060,853 expended and $2,662,000 acquisitions under contract. Funds remaining for 2022 are $4,477,147. LAND ACQUISITIONS Quarter Circle Ranch CE 428 acres Buckhorn Addition- Bobcat NA 413.58 acres Dry Creek 9.5 acres Dry Creek 0.3 acres Heaven’s Door CE 1,547 acres Puente Verde Addition 16.94 acres Total land conserved: 2,415 acres Total cost: $8,060,853 PLACEHOLDER LCSB Memo to Council regarding Draft 1041 Regulations is being drafted and will be discussed during meeting on January 11, 2023. A copy will be sent by email prior to the meeting. A printed copy will also be available at the meeting. BICYCLE ADVISORY COMMITTEE (BAC) WORK PLAN 2023 PURPOSE: The Bicycle Advisory Committee (BAC) is a subcommittee of the Transportation Board. The BAC reviews, recommends, and proactively identifies capital improvements, educational initiatives, and Active Modes plan priorities for current and future implementation. MISSION: Promote bicycling, e-bikes, and other active modes as viable forms of transportation within the City of Fort Collins and Northern Colorado. 2023 OBJECTIVES: While operating within the standard city procedures as mandated by Fort Collins City Council, the BAC will pursue the following objectives: 1) Support efforts encouraging bicycling, e-bike usage, walking, rolling, and other micro-mobility options to create permanent modal shifts 2) Support efforts to increase bicycling and other active modes among historically underrepresented groups (see Equity guiding principle) 3) Support efforts to implement bicycle and active modes-friendly infrastructure such as low-stress routes, trails, wayfinding signage, street crossings, traffic operation efficiencies, etc. 4) Support efforts to enhance the safety of bicyclists, pedestrians, and other road users 5) Support local bicycle advocacy when appropriate by remaining proactive in bike-related issues 6) Explore opportunities for a more inclusive BAC structure that involves additional active mode stakeholder groups and individuals. ANNUAL OBJECTIVES (ON-GOING): I. Support the Transportation board and other City committees a. Provide a bicycle-oriented and active transportation-specific perspective on transportation board plans and deliberations. b. Communicate issues as appropriate back to respective organizations of individual committee members. c. Bring member-related concerns to the BAC for preliminary review before being taken to the Transportation Board if needed. II. Conduct annual review of BAC Work Plan, Objectives, and operational procedures a. Timing and content shall coincide with Transportation Board Annual Work Plan III. Provide feedback, identify priorities, and support initiatives related to the Active Modes Plan, Vision Zero Action Plan, 15 Minute City Analysis Summary Report, Our Climate Future, FC Moves Department, and other City Departments/partner agencies as appropriate a. BAC should be consulted on projects/programs that may impact the safety and movement of bicyclists, pedestrians, and other active modes of transportation within and between the City of Fort Collins and neighboring jurisdictions. b. Provide feedback and make recommendations regarding active modes and transportation- related budget offers. BICYCLE ADVISORY COMMITTEE (BAC) WORK PLAN 2023 BAC GUIDING PRINCIPLES: The economic, environmental and community benefits of bicycling deserve continuing recognition. Bicycling produces no air or noise pollution, decreases traffic congestion, helps alleviate vehicular parking demand, saves energy, uses land and road space efficiently, provides mobility, saves individuals money, improves health and fitness, and, most of all, is fun. Therefore, the essential elements of a bicycle friendly community will continue to include: 1. Equity (Diversity/Inclusion) - Examine, on an ongoing basis, the cultural, geographic and income barriers to cycling in underserved communities and foster cultural competence and representation within the BAC to better address their unique circumstances. Historically underrepresented groups include but not are limited to non-white (minority), Hispanic/Latinx, indigenous, non-English speaking, and differently-abled residents, households at or below the Federal Poverty Level, households without a vehicle, youth (under 18), and older adults. 2. Engineering - Identify innovative solutions for improving design and/or maintenance of important bicycle travel routes to assure a safer, efficient, and enjoyable bicycling environment. 3. Education and Safety – Support the efforts of public, private and non-profit groups in the community to promote bicycle safety education about the “rules of the road” and “Share the Road” messages for both motorists and bicyclists of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds. 4. Encouragement – Continue to develop and support innovative programs, campaigns and events to encourage increased bicycle travel. 5. Evaluation and Planning - Utilize performance measures that the City staff develops for bicycle programs and facilities to assess achievement of economic, environmental, and community benefits. Plan for a future in which bicycling is an easy, safe, convenient mode of transportation. 6. Economic Development – Use bicycle facilities, a robust bicycling culture, bicycle sporting events and enjoyable recreational biking to attract employers, new residents, businesses and visitors; and to facilitate bicycling as an affordable transportation option. 7. Environment - Encourage bicycling as a sustainable form of transportation which is better for the environment than driving a motor vehicle. Also support efforts to encourage multi-modal transportation connectivity, infrastructure, programs and services. 8. Enforcement – Support efforts to ensure safe roads for all users, and support efforts toward educating law enforcement on the laws and applying them equitably to ensure public safety. As educational efforts focusing on safety evolve, a “safe systems” approach that advances these traditional essential elements should be utilized (see graphic on next page). BICYCLE ADVISORY COMMITTEE (BAC) WORK PLAN 2023 Source: https://visionzeronetwork.org/re-thinking-the-role-of-enforcement-in-traffic-safety-work- city- to-city/ This unofficial copy was downloaded on Jul-15-2021 from the City of Fort Collins Public Records Website: http://citydocs.fcgov.com For additional information or an official copy, please contact City Clerk's Office City Hall West 300 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA This unofficial copy was downloaded on Jul-15-2021 from the City of Fort Collins Public Records Website: http://citydocs.fcgov.com For additional information or an official copy, please contact City Clerk's Office City Hall West 300 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA This unofficial copy was downloaded on Jul-15-2021 from the City of Fort Collins Public Records Website: http://citydocs.fcgov.com For additional information or an official copy, please contact City Clerk's Office City Hall West 300 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA This unofficial copy was downloaded on Jul-15-2021 from the City of Fort Collins Public Records Website: http://citydocs.fcgov.com For additional information or an official copy, please contact City Clerk's Office City Hall West 300 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA This unofficial copy was downloaded on Jul-15-2021 from the City of Fort Collins Public Records Website: http://citydocs.fcgov.com For additional information or an official copy, please contact City Clerk's Office City Hall West 300 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA This unofficial copy was downloaded on Jul-15-2021 from the City of Fort Collins Public Records Website: http://citydocs.fcgov.com For additional information or an official copy, please contact City Clerk's Office City Hall West 300 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA ORDINANCE NO. 003, 2009 OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS AMENDING SECTION 2-428 OF THE CODE OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS TO AUTHORIZE THE TRANSPORTATION BOARD TO ESTABLISH A “BICYCLE ADVISORY COMMITTEE” WHEREAS, the City’s updated Bicycle Plan was adopted by the City Council on October 7, 2008, and included a recommendation that the City form a Bicycle Advisory Committee; and WHEREAS, the Transportation Board has been very supportive of bicycling in the City and is interested in establishing the Bicycle Advisory Committee as a committee of the Transportation Board for the purpose of reviewing all issues related to bicycling in the City and advising the Transportation Board on those issues; and WHEREAS, the City Council has determined that the Bicycle Advisory Committee should be appointed by the City Manager upon nomination by various City Boards and Commissions and should include three “at large” community members and various ex-officio, non-voting members from City departments; and WHEREAS, the City Council has further determined that the members of the Committee should serve for two-year terms and that the Committee should be authorized to establish its own rules and regulations for its organization and procedures in accordance with the City’s policies for Boards and Commissions. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FORT COLLINS that Section 2-428 of the City Code be amended to read as follows: Sec. 2-428. Functions; bicycle advisory committee. (a) The duties and functions of the Board shall be to advise the City Council on matters pertaining to the City's transportation policies and system including, but not limited to, transportation planning, alternative modes planning (including bikeways, pedestrian facilities, transit, air transportation, and van and car pooling), capital improvement projects, downtown parking management, and other transportation issues as identified in the Board work plan. Additionally, the Board shall review the City's interaction with federal, state and county government, as well as North Front Range Transportation and Air Quality Planning Council, Colorado State University, and Poudre R-1 on transportation-related issues. (b) The Board shall also establish and keep in place a committee to be known as the “Bicycle Advisory Committee,” the purpose of which shall be to advise the Board with regard to bicycling related issues. Said committee shall consist of sixteen (16) members, one of whom shall be a member of the Board, and fifteen (15) of whom shall be appointed by the City Manager. The City Manager appointees shall consist of three (3) “at large” members of the community plus one (1) member of each of the following City boards and commissions and other civic organizations: Air Quality Board Parks and Recreation Board Natural Resources Advisory Board Land Conservation and Stewardship Board Senior Advisory Board Economic Advisory Commission Downtown Development Authority Bike Fort Collins Fort Collins Bike Co-op Poudre School District Colorado State University University Connections. In addition to the foregoing sixteen (16) voting members, the Committee shall also include four (4) non-voting members, with one (1) such member each representing the City’s Department of Police Services, Traffic Operations Department, Engineering Department, and Transportation Planning/Safe Routes to School Department. The Bicycle Advisory Committee may establish bylaws, rules and regulations for its own organization and procedures in accordance with the City’s policies for boards and commissions, and all voting members of the Committee shall be governed by said policies. Each member of the Bicycle Advisory Committee shall serve for a term of two (2) years. Introduced, considered favorably on first reading, and ordered published this 6th day of January, A.D. 2009, and to be presented for final passage on the 20th day of January, A.D. 2009. _________________________________ Mayor ATTEST: _____________________________ City Clerk Passed and adopted on final reading on the 20th day of January, A.D. 2009. _________________________________ Mayor ATTEST: _____________________________ City Clerk 1745 Hoffman Mill Road PO Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522-0580 TAWNYA ERNST / LAND CONSERVATION LEAD SPECIALIST NATURAL AREAS DEPARTMENT 970-416-2245 /P ternst@fcgov.com /E 2022 End of Year Land Conservation Annual Report Laramie Foothills Partnership: Great Outdoors Colorado awarded a grant to Larimer County Department of Natural Resources and Fort Collins to help conserve pristine wildlife habitat in the Laramie Foothills wildlife corridor near Red Mountain Open Space and Soapstone Prairie Natural Area. Since 2020 more than 3,000 acres encompassing four acquisitions were conserved by this partnership. The County also acquired a conservation easement on a 428-acre ranch with financial support from the City and GOCO. Buckhorn Addition: 414 acres adjacent to Bobcat Ridge was purchased in partnership with Larimer County Department of Natural Resources. This acquisition was the first of a two-part 675-acre total acquisition with the last part closing right after the new year. This property has been a high priority for Natural Areas to protect an important wildlife corridor in the area that is vital habitat for elk, mule deer, moose, black bear, and turkey. Dry Creek: Two additional acquisitions to the Dry Creek corridor in 2022, totaling 10.3 acres, complete the latest round of purchases in this area which will now move to our onboarding process in 2023. This new natural area (Dry Creek Natural Area) is in the northwest quadrant of the Fort Collins Growth Management Area and has long been identified as a priority for wildlife values, a potential trail corridor, and providing access to nature for a currently underserved section of the community. The Natural Area currently totals 47.3 acres. Heaven’s Door: Another partnership with Larimer County Department of Natural Resources helped conserve a 1,547-acre ranch due west of Loveland. The property offers an abundance of wildlife habitat with numerous natural springs and is adjacent to State Land Board and USFS lands, which adds to the contiguous landscape to promote wildlife movement. Northwest Fort Collins Addition: 17 acres of land was acquired adjacent to Puente Verde Natural Area , securing additional habitat for wildlife as well as an opportunity for Utilities to construct a detention pond in conjunction with the West Vine Basin Outfall project. This acquisition also has the potential to provide a trail connection from Vine Street to Laporte Avenue, and two acres may be set aside for affordable housing to be developed in partnership with the Social Sustainability/Land Bank Program. The Snapshot. 6 Acquisitions 2,415 Acres